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Tanaka T, Sasaki N, Krisnanda A, Shinohara M, Amin HZ, Horibe S, Ito K, Iwaya M, Fukunaga A, Hirata K, Rikitake Y. Novel UV-B Phototherapy With a Light-Emitting Diode Device Prevents Atherosclerosis by Augmenting Regulatory T-Cell Responses in Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031639. [PMID: 38214259 PMCID: PMC10926836 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet B (UV-B) irradiation is an effective treatment for human cutaneous disorders and was shown to reduce experimental atherosclerosis by attenuating immunoinflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of specific wavelengths of UV-B on atherosclerosis and the underlying mechanisms focusing on immunoinflammatory responses. METHODS AND RESULTS Based on light-emitting diode technology, we developed novel devices that can emit 282 nm UV-B, which we do not receive from natural sunlight, 301 nm UV-B, and clinically available 312 nm UV-B. We irradiated 6-week-old male atherosclerosis-prone Apoe-/- (apolipoprotein E-deficient) mice with specific wavelengths of UV-B and evaluated atherosclerosis and immunoinflammatory responses by performing histological analysis, flow cytometry, biochemical assays, and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based lipidomics. Irradiation of 282 nm UV-B but not 301 or 312 nm UV-B significantly reduced the development of aortic root atherosclerotic plaques and plaque inflammation. This atheroprotection was associated with specifically augmented immune responses of anti-inflammatory CD4+ Foxp3 (forkhead box P3)+ regulatory T cells in lymphoid tissues, whereas responses of other immune cells were not substantially affected. Analysis of various lipid mediators revealed that 282 nm UV-B markedly increased the ratio of proresolving to proinflammatory lipid mediators in the skin. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that 282 nm UV-B irradiation effectively reduces aortic inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis by systemically augmenting regulatory T-cell responses and modulating the balance between proresolving and proinflammatory lipid mediators in the skin. Our findings indicate that a novel 282 nm UV-B phototherapy could be an attractive approach to treat atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Tanaka
- Laboratory of Medical PharmaceuticsKobe Pharmaceutical UniversityKobeJapan
| | - Naoto Sasaki
- Laboratory of Medical PharmaceuticsKobe Pharmaceutical UniversityKobeJapan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal MedicineKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Aga Krisnanda
- Laboratory of Medical PharmaceuticsKobe Pharmaceutical UniversityKobeJapan
| | - Masakazu Shinohara
- Division of Molecular EpidemiologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
- The Integrated Center for Mass SpectrometryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Hilman Zulkifli Amin
- Laboratory of Medical PharmaceuticsKobe Pharmaceutical UniversityKobeJapan
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterOsakaJapan
- Faculty of MedicineUniversitas IndonesiaJakartaIndonesia
| | - Sayo Horibe
- Laboratory of Medical PharmaceuticsKobe Pharmaceutical UniversityKobeJapan
| | - Ken Ito
- Laboratory of Medical PharmaceuticsKobe Pharmaceutical UniversityKobeJapan
| | - Motoaki Iwaya
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMeijo UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Atsushi Fukunaga
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Medicine for Function and Morphology of Sensory Organs, Faculty of MedicineOsaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, TakatsukiOsakaJapan
| | - Ken‐ichi Hirata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal MedicineKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Yoshiyuki Rikitake
- Laboratory of Medical PharmaceuticsKobe Pharmaceutical UniversityKobeJapan
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Luo Y, Acevedo D, Vlagea A, Codina A, García-García A, Deyà-Martínez A, Martí-Castellote C, Esteve-Solé A, Alsina L. Changes in Treg and Breg cells in a healthy pediatric population. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1283981. [PMID: 38077340 PMCID: PMC10704817 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1283981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The interpretation of clinical diagnostic results in suspected inborn errors of immunity, including Tregopathies, is hampered by the lack of age-stratified reference values for regulatory T cells (Treg) in the pediatric population and a consensus on which Treg immunophenotype to use. Regulatory B cells (Breg) are an important component of the regulatory system that have been poorly studied in the pediatric population. We analyzed (1) the correlation between the three immunophenotypic definitions of Treg (CD4+CD25hiCD127low, CD4+CD25hiCD127lowFoxP3+, CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+), and with CD4+CD25hi and (2) the changes in Treg and Breg frequencies and their maturation status with age. We performed peripheral blood immunophenotyping of Treg and Breg (CD19+CD24hiCD38hi) by flow cytometry in 55 healthy pediatric controls. We observed that Treg numbers varied depending on the definition used, and the frequency ranged between 3.3-9.7% for CD4+CD25hiCD127low, 0.07-1.6% for CD4+CD25hiCD127lowFoxP3+, and 0.24-2.83% for CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+. The correlation between the three definitions of Treg was positive for most age ranges, especially between the two intracellular panels and with CD4+CD25hi vs CD4+CD25hiCD127low. Treg and Breg frequencies tended to decline after 7 and 3 years onwards, respectively. Treg's maturation status increased with age, with a decline of naïve Treg and an increase in memory/effector Treg from age 7 onwards. Memory Breg increased progressively from age 3 onwards. In conclusion, the number of Treg frequencies spans a wide range depending on the immunophenotypic definition used despite a good level of correlation exists between them. The decline in numbers and maturation process with age occurs earlier in Breg than in Treg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Luo
- Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Study Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Acevedo
- Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Study Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandru Vlagea
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedic Diagnostic Center (CDB), Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Clinical Immunology Unit Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Codina
- Biobanco Pediátrico para la Investigación Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana García-García
- Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Study Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angela Deyà-Martínez
- Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Study Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celia Martí-Castellote
- Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Study Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Esteve-Solé
- Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Study Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Alsina
- Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Study Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Surgery and Medical Specializations, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Mikami N, Sakaguchi S. Regulatory T cells in autoimmune kidney diseases and transplantation. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:544-557. [PMID: 37400628 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00733-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells that express the transcription factor forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) are naturally present in the immune system and have roles in the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance and immune system and tissue homeostasis. Treg cells suppress T cell activation, expansion and effector functions by various mechanisms, particularly by controlling the functions of antigen-presenting cells. They can also contribute to tissue repair by suppressing inflammation and facilitating tissue regeneration, for example, via the production of growth factors and the promotion of stem cell differentiation and proliferation. Monogenic anomalies of Treg cells and genetic variations of Treg cell functional molecules can cause or predispose patients to the development of autoimmune diseases and other inflammatory disorders, including kidney diseases. Treg cells can potentially be utilized or targeted to treat immunological diseases and establish transplantation tolerance, for example, by expanding natural Treg cells in vivo using IL-2 or small molecules or by expanding them in vitro for adoptive Treg cell therapy. Efforts are also being made to convert antigen-specific conventional T cells into Treg cells and to generate chimeric antigen receptor Treg cells from natural Treg cells for adoptive Treg cell therapies with the aim of achieving antigen-specific immune suppression and tolerance in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihisa Mikami
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Falcon RMG, Caoili SEC. Immunologic, genetic, and ecological interplay of factors involved in allergic diseases. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1215616. [PMID: 37601647 PMCID: PMC10435091 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1215616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An allergic or type I hypersensitivity reaction involves a misdirected immune overreaction to innocuous environmental and dietary antigens called allergens. The genetic predisposition to allergic disease, referred to as atopy, can be expressed as a variety of manifestations-e.g., allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, anaphylaxis. Globally, allergic diseases are one the most common types of chronic conditions. Several factors have been identified to contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of the disease, leading to distinctively variable clinical symptoms. The factors which can attenuate or exacerbate allergic reactions can range from genetic heterozygosity, the prominence of various comorbid infections, and other factors such as pollution, climate, and interactions with other organisms and organism-derived products, and the surrounding environment. As a result, the effective prevention and control of allergies remains to be one of the most prominent public health problems. Therefore, to contextualize the current knowledge about allergic reactions, this review paper attempts to synthesize different aspects of an allergic response to describe its significance in the global health scheme. Specifically, the review shall characterize the biomolecular mechanisms of the pathophysiology of the disease based on underlying disease theories and current findings on ecologic interactions and describe prevention and control strategies being utilized. An integrated perspective that considers the underlying genetic, immunologic, and ecologic aspects of the disease would enable the development of more effective and targeted diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for the management and control of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbi Miguel G. Falcon
- Biomedical Innovations Research for Translational Health Science Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
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5
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Goulart A, Boko MMM, Martins NS, Gembre AF, de Oliveira RS, Palma-Albornoz SP, Bertolini T, Ribolla PEM, Ramalho LNZ, Fraga-Silva TFDC, Bonato VLD. IL-22 Is Deleterious along with IL-17 in Allergic Asthma but Is Not Detrimental in the Comorbidity Asthma and Acute Pneumonia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10418. [PMID: 37445595 PMCID: PMC10341917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that IL-22 and IL-17 participate in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. To investigate the role of IL-22, we used IL-22 deficient mice (IL-22 KO) sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) and compared with wild type (WT) animals exposed to OVA. IL-22 KO animals exposed to OVA showed a decreased number and frequency of eosinophils, IL-5 and IL-13 in the airways, reduced mucus production and pulmonary inflammation. In addition, IL-22 KO animals exhibited a decreased percentage and number of lung CD11c+CD11b+ cells and increased apoptosis of eosinophils. Th17 cell transfer generated from IL-22 KO to animals previously sensitized and challenged with OVA caused a reduction in eosinophil frequency and number in the airways compared to animals transferred with Th17 cells generated from WT mice. Therefore, IL-22 is deleterious with concomitant secretion of IL-17. Our findings show a pro-inflammatory role for IL-22, confirmed in a model of allergen-free and allergen-specific immunotherapy. Moreover, during the comorbidity asthma and pneumonia that induces neutrophil inflammation, IL-22 was not detrimental. Our results show that targeting IL-22 would negatively affect the survival of eosinophils, reduce the expansion or migration of CD11c+CD11b+ cells, and negatively regulate allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Goulart
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (A.G.); (M.M.M.B.); (N.S.M.); (R.S.d.O.); (S.P.P.-A.); (T.B.)
| | - Mèdéton Mahoussi Michaël Boko
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (A.G.); (M.M.M.B.); (N.S.M.); (R.S.d.O.); (S.P.P.-A.); (T.B.)
| | - Nubia Sabrina Martins
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (A.G.); (M.M.M.B.); (N.S.M.); (R.S.d.O.); (S.P.P.-A.); (T.B.)
| | - Ana Flávia Gembre
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (A.F.G.); (T.F.d.C.F.-S.)
| | - Rômulo Silva de Oliveira
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (A.G.); (M.M.M.B.); (N.S.M.); (R.S.d.O.); (S.P.P.-A.); (T.B.)
| | - Sandra Patrícia Palma-Albornoz
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (A.G.); (M.M.M.B.); (N.S.M.); (R.S.d.O.); (S.P.P.-A.); (T.B.)
| | - Thais Bertolini
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (A.G.); (M.M.M.B.); (N.S.M.); (R.S.d.O.); (S.P.P.-A.); (T.B.)
| | | | - Leandra Naira Zambelli Ramalho
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Thais Fernanda de Campos Fraga-Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (A.F.G.); (T.F.d.C.F.-S.)
| | - Vânia Luiza Deperon Bonato
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (A.G.); (M.M.M.B.); (N.S.M.); (R.S.d.O.); (S.P.P.-A.); (T.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (A.F.G.); (T.F.d.C.F.-S.)
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6
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Lyu MA, Huang M, Zeng K, Li L, Khoury JD, Nishimoto M, Ma H, Sadeghi T, Mukherjee S, Slutsky AS, Flowers CR, Parmar S. Allogeneic cord blood regulatory T cells can resolve lung inflammation. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:245-253. [PMID: 36437190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS CD4+CD25+CD127lo regulatory T cells (Tregs) are responsible for maintaining immune homeostasis. Tregs can be rendered defective and deficient as a result of the immune imbalance seen in lung injury, and such dysfunction can play a major role in continued tissue inflammation. The authors hypothesized that adoptive therapy with healthy allogeneic umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived Tregs may be able to resolve inflammation. RESULTS Ex vivo-expanded UCB Tregs exhibited a unique phenotype with co-expression of CD45RA+CD45RO+ >80% and lung homing markers, including CD49d. UCB Tregs did not turn pathogenic when exposed to IL-6. Co-culture with increasing doses of dexamethasone led to a synergistic increase in UCB Treg-induced apoptosis of conventional T cells (Tcons), which translated into significantly higher suppression of proliferating Tcons, especially at a lower Treg:Tcon ratio. Multiple injections of UCB Tregs led to their preferential accumulation in lung tissue in an immune injury xenogenic model. A significant decrease in lung resident cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (P = 0.0218) correlated with a sustained decrease in their systemic distribution compared with controls (P < 0.0001) (n = 7 per arm) as well as a decrease in circulating human soluble CD40 ligand level (P = 0.031). Tissue architecture was preserved in the treatment arm, and a significant decrease in CD3+ and CD8+ burden was evident in immunohistochemistry analysis. CONCLUSIONS UCB Treg adoptive therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ae Lyu
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Meixian Huang
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ke Zeng
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph D Khoury
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mitsutaka Nishimoto
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hongbing Ma
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Siddhartha Mukherjee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Arthur S Slutsky
- Keenan Research Center, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christopher R Flowers
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Simrit Parmar
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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7
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Ding L, Shi H, Qian C, Burdyshaw C, Veloso JP, Khatamian A, Pan Q, Dhungana Y, Xie Z, Risch I, Yang X, Huang X, Yan L, Rusch M, Brewer M, Yan KK, Chi H, Yu J. scMINER: a mutual information-based framework for identifying hidden drivers from single-cell omics data. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.26.523391. [PMID: 36747870 PMCID: PMC9901187 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.26.523391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The sparse nature of single-cell omics data makes it challenging to dissect the wiring and rewiring of the transcriptional and signaling drivers that regulate cellular states. Many of the drivers, referred to as "hidden drivers", are difficult to identify via conventional expression analysis due to low expression and inconsistency between RNA and protein activity caused by post-translational and other modifications. To address this issue, we developed scMINER, a mutual information (MI)-based computational framework for unsupervised clustering analysis and cell-type specific inference of intracellular networks, hidden drivers and network rewiring from single-cell RNA-seq data. We designed scMINER to capture nonlinear cell-cell and gene-gene relationships and infer driver activities. Systematic benchmarking showed that scMINER outperforms popular single-cell clustering algorithms, especially in distinguishing similar cell types. With respect to network inference, scMINER does not rely on the binding motifs which are available for a limited set of transcription factors, therefore scMINER can provide quantitative activity assessment for more than 6,000 transcription and signaling drivers from a scRNA-seq experiment. As demonstrations, we used scMINER to expose hidden transcription and signaling drivers and dissect their regulon rewiring in immune cell heterogeneity, lineage differentiation, and tissue specification. Overall, activity-based scMINER is a widely applicable, highly accurate, reproducible and scalable method for inferring cellular transcriptional and signaling networks in each cell state from scRNA-seq data. The scMINER software is publicly accessible via: https://github.com/jyyulab/scMINER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ding
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Hao Shi
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Chenxi Qian
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Chad Burdyshaw
- Department of Information Services, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Joao Pedro Veloso
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Alireza Khatamian
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Qingfei Pan
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yogesh Dhungana
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Zhen Xie
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Isabel Risch
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Michael Rusch
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Michael Brewer
- Department of Information Services, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Koon-Kiu Yan
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jiyang Yu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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8
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Pereira JD, DuBreuil DM, Devlin AC, Held A, Sapir Y, Berezovski E, Hawrot J, Dorfman K, Chander V, Wainger BJ. Human sensorimotor organoids derived from healthy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis stem cells form neuromuscular junctions. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4744. [PMID: 34362895 PMCID: PMC8346474 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24776-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) hold promise for modeling diseases in individual human genetic backgrounds and thus for developing precision medicine. Here, we generate sensorimotor organoids containing physiologically functional neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) and apply the model to different subgroups of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Using a range of molecular, genomic, and physiological techniques, we identify and characterize motor neurons and skeletal muscle, along with sensory neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and vasculature. Organoid cultures derived from multiple human iPSC lines generated from individuals with ALS and isogenic lines edited to harbor familial ALS mutations show impairment at the level of the NMJ, as detected by both contraction and immunocytochemical measurements. The physiological resolution of the human NMJ synapse, combined with the generation of major cellular cohorts exerting autonomous and non-cell autonomous effects in motor and sensory diseases, may prove valuable to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- João D Pereira
- Department of Neurology, Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel M DuBreuil
- Department of Neurology, Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna-Claire Devlin
- Department of Neurology, Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Held
- Department of Neurology, Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yechiam Sapir
- Department of Neurology, Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eugene Berezovski
- Department of Neurology, Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James Hawrot
- Department of Neurology, Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine Dorfman
- Department of Neurology, Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vignesh Chander
- Department of Neurology, Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian J Wainger
- Department of Neurology, Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard University and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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9
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Xue Q, Li X, Li Y, Xu J, Wu Z, Wang J. Dialogue between gastrointestinal tract and skin: New insights into the Helicobacter pylori and atopic dermatitis. Helicobacter 2021; 26:e12771. [PMID: 33368906 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many studies have focused on the protective function of H pylori in some allergic diseases, it remains unknown as whether H pylori infection exerts a similar protective effect on atopic dermatitis(AD). Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between H pylori infection and AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS An animal model of H pylori infection-AD was established by epicutaneous sensitization with calcipotriol after infection with H pylori by gavage. The Treg cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. The expression of key inflammatory cytokines in dermal tissues was investigated at the mRNA level by real-time PCR. RESULTS Compared with that in the H pylori-negative AD group, the severity of skin lesions, such as hyperemia, erythema, and swelling, was lower in the H pylori-positive AD group, while the serum IgE level decreased significantly in the H pylori-positive AD group. The percentage of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg cells in the peripheral blood and the number of Foxp3+ cells in dermal tissues increased significantly in the H pylori-positive AD group. The expression of IL-10 and TGF-β was upregulated, while the expression of IL-4 mRNA was downregulated in dermal tissues in the H pylori-positive AD group. The adoptive transfer assay showed that the number of CFSE+ Treg cells in the cervical lymph nodes of AD mice was significantly higher than that in normal mice, indicating the Tregs in H pylori-positive mice had a tendency to migrate to the skin tissue. It was also found that H pylori infection induced CCR4+ Treg cells expansion synchronously in gastric lymph nodes, spleen, blood, mesenteric lymph node (MLN), and cervical lymph nodes by the time of H pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS H pylori infection alleviated calcipotriol-inducing AD manifestations by inducing the amplification of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg cells in the peripheral blood. H pylori showed possible protection against atopic dermatitis, suggesting an immune dialogue between gastrointestinal tract and skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xue
- Department of Gerontology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Gerontology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Gerontology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology and Central Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingtong Wang
- Department of Gerontology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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10
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Rahimi RA, Nepal K, Cetinbas M, Sadreyev RI, Luster AD. Distinct functions of tissue-resident and circulating memory Th2 cells in allergic airway disease. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151886. [PMID: 32579670 PMCID: PMC7478729 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory CD4+ T helper type 2 (Th2) cells drive allergic asthma, yet the mechanisms whereby tissue-resident memory Th2 (Th2 Trm) cells and circulating memory Th2 cells collaborate in vivo remain unclear. Using a house dust mite (HDM) model of allergic asthma and parabiosis, we demonstrate that Th2 Trm cells and circulating memory Th2 cells perform nonredundant functions. Upon HDM rechallenge, circulating memory Th2 cells trafficked into the lung parenchyma and ignited perivascular inflammation to promote eosinophil and CD4+ T cell recruitment. In contrast, Th2 Trm cells proliferated near airways and induced mucus metaplasia, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway eosinophil activation. Transcriptional analysis revealed that Th2 Trm cells and circulating memory Th2 cells share a core Th2 gene signature but also exhibit distinct transcriptional profiles. Th2 Trm cells express a tissue-adaptation signature, including genes involved in regulating and interacting with extracellular matrix. Our findings demonstrate that Th2 Trm cells and circulating memory Th2 cells are functionally and transcriptionally distinct subsets with unique roles in promoting allergic airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rod A Rahimi
- Airway Immunity Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Keshav Nepal
- Airway Immunity Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Murat Cetinbas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ruslan I Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew D Luster
- Airway Immunity Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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11
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Deng S, Jin P, Sherchan P, Liu S, Cui Y, Huang L, Zhang JH, Gong Y, Tang J. Recombinant CCL17-dependent CCR4 activation alleviates neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis through the PI3K/AKT/Foxo1 signaling pathway after ICH in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:62. [PMID: 33648537 PMCID: PMC7923481 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), a devastating subtype of stroke, is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Neuroinflammation is an important factor leading to ICH-induced neurological injuries. C-C Chemokine Receptor 4 (CCR4) plays an important role in enhancing hematoma clearance after ICH. However, it is unclear whether CCR4 activation can ameliorate neuroinflammation and apoptosis of neurons following ICH. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of recombinant CCL17 (rCCL17)-dependent CCR4 activation on neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis in an intrastriatal autologous blood injection ICH model, and to determine whether the PI3K/AKT/Foxo1 signaling pathway was involved. Methods Two hundred twenty-six adult (8-week-old) male CD1 mice were randomly assigned to sham and ICH surgery groups. An intrastriatal autologous blood injection ICH model was used. rCCL17, a CCR4 ligand, was delivered by intranasal administration at 1 h, 3 h, and 6 h post-ICH. CCL17 antibody was administrated by intraventricular injection at 1 h post-ICH. C021, a specific inhibitor of CCR4 and GDC0068, an AKT inhibitor were delivered intraperitoneally 1 h prior to ICH induction. Brain edema, neurobehavioral assessments, western blotting, Fluoro-Jade C staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling, and immunofluorescence staining were conducted. Results Endogenous expression of CCL17 and CCR4 were increased following ICH, peaking at 5 days post-induction. CCR4 was found to co-localize with microglia, neurons, and astrocytes. rCCL17 treatment decreased brain water content, attenuated short- and long-term neurological deficits, deceased activation of microglia/macrophages and infiltration of neutrophils, and inhibited neuronal apoptosis in the perihematomal region post-ICH. Moreover, rCCL17 treatment post-ICH significantly increased the expression of CCR4, PI3K, phosphorylated AKT, and Bcl-2, while Foxo1, IL-1β, TNF-α, and Bax expression were decreased. The neuroprotective effects of rCCL17 were reversed with the administration of C021 or GDC0068. Conclusions rCCL17-dependent CCR4 activation ameliorated neurological deficits, reduced brain edema, and ameliorated neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis, at least in part, through the PI3K/AKT/Foxo1 signaling pathway after ICH. Thus, activation of CCR4 may provide a promising therapeutic approach for the early management of ICH. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02112-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuixiang Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, HuaShan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 middle WuLuMuQi, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, HuaShan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 middle WuLuMuQi, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Prativa Sherchan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Shengpeng Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhui Cui
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Ye Gong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, HuaShan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 middle WuLuMuQi, Shanghai, 200040, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
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12
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Faustino LD, Griffith JW, Rahimi RA, Nepal K, Hamilos DL, Cho JL, Medoff BD, Moon JJ, Vignali DAA, Luster AD. Interleukin-33 activates regulatory T cells to suppress innate γδ T cell responses in the lung. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:1371-1383. [PMID: 32989331 PMCID: PMC7578082 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing the interleukin (IL)-33 receptor ST2 mediate tissue repair in response to IL-33. Whether Treg cells also respond to the alarmin IL-33 to regulate specific aspects of the immune response is not known. Here we describe an unexpected function of ST2+ Treg cells in suppressing the innate immune response in the lung to environmental allergens without altering the adaptive immune response. Following allergen exposure, ST2+ Treg cells were activated by IL-33 to suppress IL-17-producing γδ T cells. ST2 signaling in Treg cells induced Ebi3, a component of the heterodimeric cytokine IL-35 that was required for Treg cell-mediated suppression of γδ T cells. This response resulted in fewer eosinophil-attracting chemokines and reduced eosinophil recruitment into the lung, which was beneficial to the host in reducing allergen-induced inflammation. Thus, we define a fundamental role for ST2+ Treg cells in the lung as a negative regulator of the early innate γδ T cell response to mucosal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas D Faustino
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason W Griffith
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rod A Rahimi
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keshav Nepal
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel L Hamilos
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josalyn L Cho
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin D Medoff
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James J Moon
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew D Luster
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Saavedra F, Garrido JL, Fuentes-Villalobos F, Calvo M, Riquelme R, Rioseco ML, Chahín C, Ferreira L, Alvarez R, Nova-Lamperti E, Barria MI. Differential CD4 T Regulatory Cell Phenotype Induced by Andes Hantavirus Glycoprotein. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:430. [PMID: 32984065 PMCID: PMC7477076 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) caused by Andes orthohantavirus (ANDV) in South America is a public health threat due to the significant rate of mortality and the lack of a specific treatment. Interestingly, the virus does not produce cytopathic effect, thereby the strong antiviral immune response is suspected to contribute to pathogenesis, hence is important to understand the balance between protective and harmfully immunity. CD4+ T regulatory cells (Treg) are essential to control an exacerbated immune response. In human ANDV infection, little is known about CD4+ Treg cells, which may be involved in control immunopathology associated to the infection. In this report, we characterize the phenotype of memory CD4+ Tregs in a HCPS survivor's cohort. Based on the expression of CXCR3, CCR4, and CCR6, we identified different Th-like Treg populations in ANDV survival's PBMCs. In addition, the effect of ANDV-glycoprotein virus like particles (VLP) was determined. We demonstrated that memory CD4+ Treg from HCPS present a specific phenotype, showing higher frequency of PD-1 compared to healthy donors (HD). In addition, it was observed a decrease in the frequency of Th1-like memory CD4+ Treg in HCPS, important to highlight that this signature could be preserved even years after resolution of infection. Moreover, to gain insight in the mechanism involved, we evaluated whether ANDV-glycoprotein (GP) VLP could modulate CD4+ Treg. Interestingly, ANDV-GP VLP induced a decrease in the frequency of CXCR3 (Th1-like) and an increase in CCR4 (Th2-like) memory CD4+ Treg in both HD and HCPS PBMCs, indicating that ANDV-GP could specifically act over CXCR3 and CCR4 in CD4+ Treg. This report contributes to the study of human CD4+ Treg cells in ANDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farides Saavedra
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Biotechnology Center, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jose L Garrido
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Biotechnology Center, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Ichor Biologics LLC, New York, NY, United States
| | - Francisco Fuentes-Villalobos
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Biotechnology Center, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mario Calvo
- Institute of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Raúl Riquelme
- Hospital Puerto Montt Dr. Eduardo Schoütz Schroeder, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | | | - Carolina Chahín
- Hospital Regional Temuco Dr. Hernán Henríquez Aravena, Temuco, Chile
| | - Leonila Ferreira
- Hospital Clínico Regional Guillermo Grant Benavente, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Estefania Nova-Lamperti
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Maria Ines Barria
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Biotechnology Center, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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14
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Liu S, Sirohi K, Verma M, McKay J, Michalec L, Sripada A, Danhorn T, Rollins D, Good J, Gorska MM, Martin RJ, Alam R. Optimal identification of human conventional and nonconventional (CRTH2 -IL7Rα -) ILC2s using additional surface markers. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:390-405. [PMID: 32032632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are identified by coupled detection of CRTH2 and IL7Rα on lineage negative (Lin-) cells. Type 2 cytokine production by CRTH2-IL7Rα- innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) is unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify CRTH2-IL7Rα- type 2 cytokine-producing ILCs and their disease relevance. METHODS We studied human blood and lung ILCs from asthmatic and control subjects by flow cytometry, ELISA, RNA sequencing, quantitative PCR, adoptive transfer to mice, and measurement of airway hyperreactivity by Flexivent. RESULTS We found that IL-5 and IL-13 were expressed not only by CRTH2+ but also by CRTH2-IL7Rα+ and CRTH2-IL7Rα- (double-negative [DN]) human blood and lung cells. All 3 ILC populations expressed type 2 genes and induced airway hyperreactivity when adoptively transferred to mice. The frequency of type 2 cytokine-positive IL7Rα and DN ILCs were similar to that of CRTH2 ILCs in the blood and lung. Their frequency was higher in asthmatic patients than in disease controls. Transcriptomic analysis of CRTH2, IL7Rα, and DN ILCs confirmed the expression of mRNA for type 2 transcription factors in all 3 populations. Unexpectedly, the mRNA for GATA3 and IL-5 correlated better with mRNA for CD30, TNFR2, ICOS, CCR4, and CD200R1 than for CRTH2. By using a combination of these surface markers, especially CD30/TNFR2, we identified a previously unrecognized ILC2 population. CONCLUSIONS The commonly used surface markers for human ILC2s leave a majority of type 2 cytokine-producing ILC2s unaccounted for. We identified top GATA3-correlated cell surface-expressed genes in human ILCs by RNA sequencing. These new surface markers, such as CD30 and TNFR2, identified a previously unrecognized human ILC2 population. This ILC2 population is likely to contribute to asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucai Liu
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Denver, Colo
| | - Kapil Sirohi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Denver, Colo
| | - Mukesh Verma
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Denver, Colo
| | - Jerome McKay
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Denver, Colo
| | - Lidia Michalec
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Denver, Colo
| | - Anand Sripada
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Denver, Colo
| | - Tomas Danhorn
- Center for Genes and Environment, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Donald Rollins
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver, Colo; School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colo
| | - James Good
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver, Colo; School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colo
| | - Magdalena M Gorska
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Denver, Colo; School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colo
| | - Richard J Martin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver, Colo; School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colo
| | - Rafeul Alam
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Denver, Colo; School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colo.
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15
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Françozo MCS, Costa FRC, Guerra-Gomes IC, Silva JS, Sesti-Costa R. Dendritic cells and regulatory T cells expressing CCR4 provide resistance to coxsackievirus B5-induced pancreatitis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14766. [PMID: 31611578 PMCID: PMC6791842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type B coxsackieviruses (CVB) are enteroviruses responsible for a common infectious myocarditis and pancreatitis. DCs and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key players in controlling virus replication and regulating the immune response and tissue damage, respectively. However, the mechanisms underlying cellular migration to target tissues remain unclear. In the present study, we found that CVB5 infection induced CCL17 production and controlled the migration of CCR4+ DCs and CCR4+ Tregs to the pancreatic lymph nodes (pLN). CVB5 infection of CCR4-/- mice reduced the migration of the CD8α+ DC subset and reduced DC activation and production of IFN-β and IL-12. Consequently, CCR4-/- mice presented decreased IFN-γ-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, an increased viral load and more severe pancreatitis. In addition, CCR4-/- mice had impaired Treg accumulation in pLN as well as increased T lymphocyte activation. Adoptive transfer of CCR4+ Tregs but not CCR4- Tregs was able to regulate T lymphocyte activation upon CVB5 infection. The present data reveal a previously unknown role for CCR4 in coordinating immune cell migration to CVB-infected tissues and in controlling subsequent pancreatitis. These new insights may contribute to the design of future therapies for acute and chronic infection of non-polio enteroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederico R C Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabel C Guerra-Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João S Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Fiocruz- Bi-Institutional Translational Medicine Project, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Renata Sesti-Costa
- Hematology Center, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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16
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Mousavinasab F, Babaie D, Nilipour Y, Mansouri M, Imanzadeh F, Dara N, Rohani P, Khatami K, Sayyari A, Khoddami M, Kazemiaghdam M, Mesdaghi M. Increased number of regulatory T cells in esophageal tissue of patients with eosinophilic esophagitis in comparison to gastro esophageal reflux disease and control groups. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2019; 47:431-436. [PMID: 31178311 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a primarily polygenic allergic disorder. Although most patients have IgE sensitization, it seems that non-IgE mediated responses mainly contribute to the pathogenesis of EoE. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) may have an important role in allergies. There are limited data on the association of Tregs and EoE. In this study, we enumerated and compared T lymphocytes and Tregs in esophageal tissue of patients with EoE, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and normal controls. METHODS Ten patients with EoE, ten patients with GERD and eight normal controls were included. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to enumerate T lymphocytes and Tregs. CD3+ cells were considered as T cells and FOXP3+, CD3+ cells were considered as Tregs. T cells and Tregs were counted in 10 high power fields (HPF) (×400) for each patient and the average of 10 HPFs was recorded. RESULTS The mean±SEM of Tregs in esophageal tissue of patients with EoE (10.90±2.14cells/HPF) was significantly higher than the GERD (2.77±0.66cells/HPF) and control groups (0.37±0.08cells/HPF) (P<0.001). Additionally, the mean±SEM of T lymphocytes in esophageal tissue of patients with EoE (24.39±3.86cells/HPF) were increased in comparison to the GERD (10.07±2.65cells/HPF) and control groups (3.17±0.93cells/HPF) (P<0.001). CONCLUSION There is an increase in the number of esophageal T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells in patients with EoE compared to the GERD and control groups.
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17
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Pejoski D, Ballester M, Auderset F, Vono M, Christensen D, Andersen P, Lambert PH, Siegrist CA. Site-Specific DC Surface Signatures Influence CD4 + T Cell Co-stimulation and Lung-Homing. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1650. [PMID: 31396211 PMCID: PMC6668556 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) that drain the gut and skin are known to favor the establishment of T cell populations that home to the original site of DC-antigen (Ag) encounter by providing soluble “imprinting” signals to T cells in the lymph node (LN). To study the induction of lung T cell-trafficking, we used a protein-adjuvant murine intranasal and intramuscular immunization model to compare in vivo-activated Ag+ DCs in the lung and muscle-draining LNs. Higher frequencies of Ag+ CD11b+ DCs were observed in lung-draining mediastinal LNs (MedLN) compared to muscle-draining inguinal LNs (ILN). Ag+ CD11b+ MedLN DCs were qualitatively superior at priming CD4+ T cells, which then expressed CD49a and CXCR3, and preferentially trafficked into the lung parenchyma. CD11b+ DCs from the MedLN expressed higher levels of surface podoplanin, Trem4, GL7, and the known co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD86, and CD24. Blockade of specific MedLN DC molecules or the use of sorted DC and T cell co-cultures demonstrated that DC surface phenotype influences the ability to prime T cells that then home to the lung. Thus, the density of dLN Ag+ DCs, and DC surface molecule signatures are factors that can influence the output and differentiation of lung-homing CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pejoski
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Ballester
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Floriane Auderset
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Vono
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Andersen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul-Henri Lambert
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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18
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Yeh YL, Wu WC, Kannagi R, Chiang BL, Liu FT, Lee YL. Sialyl Glycan Expression on T Cell Subsets in Asthma: a correlation with disease severity and blood parameters. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8947. [PMID: 31222115 PMCID: PMC6586815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory T helper (Th) and regulatory T (Treg) cells play key roles in asthma. Certain sialyl carbohydrate determinants for selectins profoundly affect the migratory properties of memory Th cells, and the suppressive function of Treg cells. Previous studies have shown that the proportion of CCR4+ memory Th cells expressing sialyl 6-sulfo Lewis X (LeX) is elevated in asthma patients. We aim to investigate the roles of different sialyl glycans on T cell subsets in asthma. Using flow cytometry, we assessed the expression of three sialyl glycans, sialyl 6-sulfo LeX, cyclic sialyl 6-sulfo LeX, and sialyl LeX on memory Th and Treg cells, in the peripheral blood of asthmatic children. We also assessed the relationships between glycan-expressing cell percentages and asthma clinical parameters. Compared with controls, asthmatic children showed higher proportions of memory Th cells expressing sialyl LeX and sialyl 6-sulfo LeX. The proportions of memory Th cells with sialyl 6-sulfo LeX and cyclic sialyl 6-sulfo LeX expression in asthmatic children correlated with absolute eosinophil count and IgE level, respectively. Children with moderate-to-severe asthma had lower numbers of sialyl LeX positive Treg cells. Our study suggests that sialyl glycans on T cells may play important roles in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Liang Yeh
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chia Wu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Reiji Kannagi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yungling Leo Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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19
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Galvão-Filho B, de Castro JT, Figueiredo MM, Rosmaninho CG, Antonelli LRDV, Gazzinelli RT. The emergence of pathogenic TNF/iNOS producing dendritic cells (Tip-DCs) in a malaria model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is dependent on CCR4. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:312-322. [PMID: 30337650 PMCID: PMC6375779 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (MA-ARDS) and acute lung injury (ALI) are complications that cause lung damage and often leads to death. The MA-ARDS/ALI is associated with a Type 1 inflammatory response mediated by T lymphocytes and IFN-γ. Here, we used the Plasmodium berghei NK65 (PbN)-induced MA-ALI/ARDS model that resembles human disease and confirmed that lung CD4+ and CD8+ T cells predominantly expressed Tbet and IFN-γ. Surprisingly, we found that development of MA-ALI/ARDS was dependent on functional CCR4, known to mediate the recruitment of Th2 lymphocytes and regulatory T cells. However, in this Type 1 inflammation-ARDS model, CCR4 was not involved in the recruitment of T lymphocytes, but was required for the emergence of TNF-α/iNOS producing dendritic cells (Tip-DCs) in the lungs. In contrast, recruitment of Tip-DCs and development of MA-ALI/ARDS were not altered in CCR2-/- mice. Importantly, we showed that NOS2-/- mice are resistant to PbN-induced lung damage, indicating that reactive nitrogen species produced by Tip-DCs play an essential role in inducing MA-ARDS/ALI. Lastly, our experiments suggest that production of IFN-γ primarily by CD8+ T cells is required for inducing Tip-DCs differentiation in the lungs and the development of MA-ALI/ARDS model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Galvão-Filho
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil,Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz –Minas, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Júlia Teixeira de Castro
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz –Minas, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Marta Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz –Minas, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Claudio Gonçalves Rosmaninho
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz –Minas, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lis Ribeiro do Valle Antonelli
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil,Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto Rene Rachou, FIOCRUZ-MG, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz –Minas, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil,Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 01605, Worcester, MA, USA,Plataforma de Medicinal Translacional-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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20
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Bertolini TB, Piñeros AR, Prado RQ, Gembre AF, Ramalho LNZ, Alves-Filho JC, Bonato VLD. CCR4-dependent reduction in the number and suppressor function of CD4 +Foxp3 + cells augments IFN-γ-mediated pulmonary inflammation and aggravates tuberculosis pathogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 10:11. [PMID: 30584243 PMCID: PMC6315058 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pulmonary inflammation marked predominantly by CD4+IFN-γ+ cells is the hallmark of tuberculosis pathogenesis in immunocompetent adults, who are substantially affected by this disease. Moreover, CD4+Foxp3+ cell-mediated suppression contributes to infection susceptibility. We addressed the role of CD4+Foxp3+ cells in tuberculosis pathogenesis, because this aspect has not been addressed during chronic infection. We targeted CCR4, which induces the influx of CD4+Foxp3+ cells into the lungs. CCR4−/− mice exhibited a lower frequency of CD4+Foxp3+ cells at 15, 30, and 70 days of infection than their wild-type counterparts. However, only at 70 days of infection was an exacerbated IFN-γ-mediated immune response associated with apparent tuberculosis pathogenesis and susceptibility. In addition, CCR4−/− mice exhibited a decrease in the suppressor function of CD4+Foxp3+ cells. Adoptive transfer of Foxp3+ cells into infected CCR4−/− mice restored pulmonary inflammation and bacterial load to levels observed in wild-type mice. Our findings suggest that CD4+Foxp3+ cells play a time-dependent role in tuberculosis and highlight that CCR4 plays a critical role in the balance of IFN-γ-mediated inflammation by regulating the influx and function of CD4+Foxp3+ cells. Our findings are translationally relevant, as CD4+Foxp3+ cells or CCR4 could be a target for immunotherapy, considering the heterogeneity of tuberculosis in immunocompetent adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais B Bertolini
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Annie R Piñeros
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Q Prado
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Gembre
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandra N Z Ramalho
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Alves-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vânia L D Bonato
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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21
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Hong J, Kim BS. Regulatory T Cell-Mediated Tissue Repair. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1064:221-233. [PMID: 30471036 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0445-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T-cells (Treg cells) are a specific group of T-cells that maintain immune homeostasis by counteracting the immune responses of conventional T-cells. So far, the therapeutic applications of Treg cells have focused on the treatment of autoimmune diseases, as depletion of Treg cells or Treg-related genes is known to cause autoimmune defects. However, Treg cells can be a potential solution for tissue repair as they can terminate the pro-inflammatory phase and initiate the anti-inflammatory or regenerative phase at the tissue injury site. This review summarizes the known characteristics of Treg cells and lists examples of their therapeutic applications. The use of Treg cells in the treatment of myocardial infarctions, skeletal muscle injuries, and ischemia injuries has revealed their potential as a promising tissue repair method. We have also discussed the limitations and scope of Treg cells in tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Hong
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. .,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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22
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Jang E, Nguyen QT, Kim S, Kim D, Le THN, Keslar K, Dvorina N, Aronica MA, Min B. Lung-Infiltrating Foxp3 + Regulatory T Cells Are Quantitatively and Qualitatively Different during Eosinophilic and Neutrophilic Allergic Airway Inflammation but Essential To Control the Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3943-3951. [PMID: 29093062 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding functions of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) during allergic airway inflammation remains incomplete. In this study, we report that, during cockroach Ag-induced allergic airway inflammation, Foxp3+ Tregs are rapidly mobilized into the inflamed lung tissues. However, the level of Treg accumulation in the lung was different depending on the type of inflammation. During eosinophilic airway inflammation, ∼30% of lung-infiltrating CD4 T cells express Foxp3, indicative of Tregs. On the contrary, only ∼10% of infiltrating CD4 T cells express Foxp3 during neutrophilic airway inflammation. Despite the different accumulation, the lung inflammation and inflammatory T cell responses were aggravated following Treg depletion, regardless of the type of inflammation, suggesting regulatory roles for Tregs. Interestingly, however, the extent to which inflammatory responses are aggravated by Treg depletion was significantly greater during eosinophilic airway inflammation. Indeed, lung-infiltrating Tregs exhibit phenotypic and functional features associated with potent suppression. Our results demonstrate that Tregs are essential regulators of inflammation, regardless of the type of inflammation, although the mechanisms used by Tregs to control inflammation may be shaped by environmental cues available to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Jang
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Quang Tam Nguyen
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Sohee Kim
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Dongkyun Kim
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Thi Hong Nga Le
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Karen Keslar
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Nina Dvorina
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Mark A Aronica
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
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23
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Janssen E, Kumari S, Tohme M, Ullas S, Barrera V, Tas JM, Castillo-Rama M, Bronson RT, Usmani SM, Irvine DJ, Mempel TR, Geha RS. DOCK8 enforces immunological tolerance by promoting IL-2 signaling and immune synapse formation in Tregs. JCI Insight 2017; 2:94298. [PMID: 28978806 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.94298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients deficient in the guanine nucleotide exchange factor DOCK8 have decreased numbers and impaired in vitro function of Tregs and make autoantibodies, but they seldom develop autoimmunity. We show that, similarly, Dock8-/- mice have decreased numbers and impaired in vitro function of Tregs but do not develop autoimmunity. In contrast, mice with selective DOCK8 deficiency in Tregs develop lymphoproliferation, autoantibodies, and gastrointestinal inflammation, despite a normal percentage and in vitro function of Tregs, suggesting that deficient T effector cell function might protect DOCK8-deficient patients from autoimmunity. We demonstrate that DOCK8 associates with STAT5 and is important for IL-2-driven STAT5 phosphorylation in Tregs. DOCK8 localizes within the lamellar actin ring of the Treg immune synapse (IS). Dock8-/- Tregs have abnormal TCR-driven actin dynamics, decreased adhesiveness, an altered gene expression profile, an unstable IS with decreased recruitment of signaling molecules, and impaired transendocytosis of the costimulatory molecule CD86. These data suggest that DOCK8 enforces immunological tolerance by promoting IL-2 signaling, TCR-driven actin dynamics, and the IS in Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Janssen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sudha Kumari
- Department of Bioengineering and Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mira Tohme
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sumana Ullas
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Victor Barrera
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeroen Mj Tas
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marcela Castillo-Rama
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roderick T Bronson
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shariq M Usmani
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Department of Bioengineering and Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thorsten R Mempel
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raif S Geha
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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24
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Corthésy B, Bioley G. Therapeutic intranasal instillation of allergen-loaded microbubbles suppresses experimental allergic asthma in mice. Biomaterials 2017; 142:41-51. [PMID: 28727997 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite proven efficiency, subcutaneous immunotherapy for aeroallergens is impaired by the duration of the protocol, the repeated injections and potential side-effects associated with the doses of allergen administered. Intranasal delivery of immunotherapeutic agents may overcome several of these drawbacks, provided that an efficient allergen delivery vehicle can be identified. This study evaluates whether intranasally delivered gas-filled microbubble (MB)-associated ovalbumin (OVA), used as a model allergen, can serve as a therapeutic treatment in a mouse model of established allergic asthma. Lung and systemic production of pro-tolerogenic markers, including Foxp3+ CD4 T cells, IL-10, and TGF-β, as well as the Th1-type cytokine IFN-γ, was observed after intranasal immunization with OVA-MB. Post-treatment, aerosol-sensitized mice exhibited the same pattern of markers. Moreover, decrease of eosinophils and neutrophils in BALs, lower frequencies of Th2 cytokine- and IL-17-producing CD4 T cells in lungs and reduced specific IgE in BALs and sera after allergen challenge were observed. Concomitantly, lung resistance and mucus production diminished in OVA-MB-treated animals. Thus, therapeutic intranasal administration of OVA-MBs in established experimental allergic asthma allows modulating pathology-associated immune and physiological parameters usually triggered after exposure to the allergen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise Corthésy
- R&D Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Allergy, University State Hospital (CHUV), Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Bioley
- R&D Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Allergy, University State Hospital (CHUV), Epalinges, Switzerland.
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25
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Liu W, Wei X, Li L, Wu X, Yan J, Yang H, Song F. CCR4 mediated chemotaxis of regulatory T cells suppress the activation of T cells and NK cells via TGF-β pathway in human non-small cell lung cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:196-203. [PMID: 28487109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
C-C chemokine receptor type 4 has been reported to correlate with lung cancer. However, the role of CCR4 in human non-small cell lung cancer patients is not well defined. Here, we demonstrated that increased expression of CCR4 was associated with clinical stage and CCR4 was an independent risk factor for overall survival in NSCLC patients. Moreover, tumor-infiltrating Treg cells were higher expression than matched adjacent tissues in CCR4+ NSCLC. Higher expression of chemokine CCL17 and CCL22 could recruit Treg cells to tumor sites in NSCLC. Treg in TIL exhibit a higher level of suppressive activity on effector T cells than matched adjacent tissues in NSCLC patients. Significant NK cell reduction was observed in tumor regions compared to non-tumor regions. NK cells demonstrated that reduced the killing capacity against target cells and the expression of CD69 + in vitro. The addition of Treg cells from NSCLC patients efficiently inhibited the anti-tumor ability of autologous NK cells. Treatment with anti-TGF-β antibody restored the impaired cytotoxic activity of T cells and NK cells from tumor tissues. Our results indicate that TGF-β plays an important role in impaired Teff cells and NK cells. It will therefore be valuable to develop therapeutic strategies against CCR4 and TGF-β pathway for therapy of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Xinyi Wei
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Junli Yan
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Hui Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Fangzhou Song
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine & Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China.
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26
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Selective expansion of human regulatory T cells in nasal polyps, and not adjacent tissue microenvironments, in individual patients exposed to steroids. Clin Immunol 2017; 179:66-76. [PMID: 28279811 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Severe forms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), a common upper airway inflammatory disorder, are associated with nasal polyps (NPs). NP disease is ameliorated by glucocorticoid (GC) treatment, whose cellular effects are poorly understood. We therefore assessed the influence of GC therapy on NPs in CRS patients, focusing on regulatory T (Treg) cells. Treg cell populations were analyzed by flow cytometry in NPs and control tissues from GC-treated CRS patients and controls. After GC exposure, selective expansion of Treg cells was seen within NPs, and not blood or adjacent ethmoid tissues. To confirm direct GC effects, NPs from the same patients were biopsied prior to, and following, 1week of oral GC exposure. Direct expansion of Tregs into the same NP bed was detected in 4/4 CRS patients following GC exposure. Treg cell spikes into NPs were secondary to cellular recruitment given limited Ki67 expression within these regulatory cells. Chemokine gene expression profiling identified several chemokines, notably CCL4, induced within NPs upon GC treatment. Neutralization of chemokine receptor/ligand interactions using CCR4 small molecule antagonists reduced Treg migration towards GC-treated NPs in an ex vivo migration assay. Our findings suggest that the common use of GCs in the treatment of NP disease leads to recruitment of Treg cells from peripheral sites into NP tissues, which may be critical to the anti-inflammatory effect of GCs. Mechanistically Treg expansion appears to be conferred, in part, by chemokine receptor/ligand interactions induced following corticosteroid therapy.
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27
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Diao LH, Li GG, Zhu YC, Tu WW, Huang CY, Lian RC, Chen X, Li YY, Zhang T, Huang Y, Zeng Y. Human chorionic gonadotropin potentially affects pregnancy outcome in women with recurrent implantation failure by regulating the homing preference of regulatory T cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 77. [PMID: 28044377 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been suggested to play important roles during the initial stage of pregnancy. However, the clinical relevance and mechanism of the effects of hCG on Treg functions in women with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) remain to be elucidated. METHOD OF STUDY Thirty-four RIF and twenty-three control women were included in the study. Endometrial and peripheral Tregs were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, respectively. Tregs were generated from naïve CD4+ T cells by stimulation with anti-CD3/CD28 in the presence or absence of hCG, and the subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry, Western blotting, and qPCR. RESULTS The percentages of endometrial FOXP3+ Tregs and peripheral CCR4+ FOXP3+ Tregs were significantly lower in the women with RIF than in the healthy controls. In addition, the percentages of CCR4+ FOXP3+ Tregs and TGF-β-expressing FOXP3+ Tregs were increased following the stimulation of naïve CD4+ T cells with anti-CD3/CD28, and these increases were concomitant with AKT and ERK dephosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide novel evidence supporting a role of hCG in regulating the differentiation of peripheral FOXP3+ Tregs. The alterations of circulating Tregs may positively affect the pregnancy outcomes of patients with a history of RIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Hui Diao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guan-Gui Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan-Chang Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Key Laboratory in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen-Wei Tu
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun-Yu Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Laboratory for Translational Immunology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ruo-Chun Lian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xian Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu-Ye Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Miyabe C, Miyabe Y, Strle K, Kim ND, Stone JH, Luster AD, Unizony S. An expanded population of pathogenic regulatory T cells in giant cell arteritis is abrogated by IL-6 blockade therapy. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 76:898-905. [PMID: 27927642 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Randomised-controlled trials have recently proven the efficacy of the interleukin (IL)-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab (TCZ) in giant cell arteritis (GCA). However, the mechanism of action of IL-6 blockade in this disease is unknown. Moreover, the role of regulatory T (Treg) cells in the pathogenesis of GCA remains underexplored. Given the plasticity of Tregs and the importance of IL-6 in their biology, we hypothesised that TCZ might modulate the Treg response in GCA. We therefore characterised the Treg compartment of patients with GCA treated with TCZ. METHODS We classified 41 patients with GCA into three groups: active disease (aGCA, n=11), disease remission on corticosteroids (rGCA-CS, n=19) and disease remission on TCZ (rGCA-TCZ, n=11). Healthy controls (HCs) were included for comparison. We determined the frequency, phenotype and function of peripheral blood Tregs. RESULTS Patients with aGCA demonstrated a hypoproliferating Treg compartment enriched in IL-17-secreting Tregs (IL-17+Tregs). Tregs in patients with aGCA disproportionally expressed a hypofunctional isoform of Foxp3 that lacks exon 2 (Foxp3Δ2). Foxp3Δ2-expressing Tregs coexpressed CD161, a marker commonly associated with the Th17 linage, significantly more often than full-length Foxp3-expressing Tregs. Compared with those of HCs, GCA-derived Tregs demonstrated impaired suppressor capacity. Treatment with TCZ, in contrast to CS therapy, corrected the Treg abnormalities observed in aGCA. In addition, TCZ treatment increased the numbers of activated Tregs (CD45RA-Foxp3high) and the Treg expression of markers of trafficking (CCR4) and terminal differentiation (CTLA-4). CONCLUSIONS TCZ may exert its therapeutic effects in GCA by increasing the proliferation and activation of Tregs, and by reverting the pathogenic Treg phenotype seen during active disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Miyabe
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yoshishige Miyabe
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Klemen Strle
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nancy D Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John H Stone
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew D Luster
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sebastian Unizony
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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CCR9 Is a Key Regulator of Early Phases of Allergic Airway Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:3635809. [PMID: 27795621 PMCID: PMC5067335 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3635809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation is the most common hallmark of allergic asthma. Chemokine receptors involved in leukocyte recruitment are closely related to the pathology in asthma. CCR9 has been described as a homeostatic and inflammatory chemokine receptor, but its role and that of its ligand CCL25 during lung inflammation remain unknown. To investigate the role of CCR9 as a modulator of airway inflammation, we established an OVA-induced allergic inflammation model in CCR9-deficient mice. Here, we report the expression of CCR9 and CCL25 as early as 6 hours post-OVA challenge in eosinophils and T-lymphocytes. Moreover, in challenged CCR9-deficient mice, cell recruitment was impaired at peribronchial and perivenular levels. OVA-administration in CCR9-deficient mice leads to a less inflammatory cell recruitment, which modifies the expression of IL-10, CCL11, and CCL25 at 24 hours after OVA challenge. In contrast, the secretion of IL-4 and IL-5 was not affected in CCR9-deficient mice compared to WT mice. These results demonstrate for the first time that CCR9 and CCL25 expressions are induced in the early stages of airway inflammation and they have an important role modulating eosinophils and lymphocytes recruitment at the first stages of inflammatory process, suggesting that they might be a potential target to regulate inflammation in asthma.
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30
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Chemoattractant Signals and Adhesion Molecules Promoting Human Regulatory T Cell Recruitment to Porcine Endothelium. Transplantation 2016; 100:753-62. [PMID: 26720299 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells (huTreg) suppress CD4+ T cell-mediated antipig xenogeneic responses in vitro and might therefore be used to induce xenograft tolerance. The present study investigated the role of the adhesion molecules, their porcine ligands, and the chemoattractant factors that may promote the recruitment of huTreg to porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC) and their capacity to regulate antiporcine natural killer (NK) cell responses. METHODS Interactions between ex vivo expanded huTreg and PAEC were studied by static chemotaxis assays and flow-based adhesion and transmigration assays. In addition, the suppressive function of huTreg on human antiporcine NK cell responses was analyzed. RESULTS The TNFα-activated PAEC released factors that induce huTreg chemotaxis, partially inhibited by antihuman CXCR3 blocking antibodies. Coating of PAEC with human CCL17 significantly increased the transmigration of CCR4+ huTreg under physiological shear stress. Under static conditions, transendothelial Treg migration was inhibited by blocking integrin sub-units (CD18, CD49d) on huTreg, or their respective porcine ligands intercellular adhesion molecule 2 (CD102) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (CD106). Finally, huTreg partially suppressed xenogeneic human NK cell adhesion, NK cytotoxicity and degranulation (CD107 expression) against PAEC; however, this inhibition was modest, and there was no significant change in the production of IFNγ. CONCLUSIONS Recruitment of huTreg to porcine endothelium depends on particular chemokine receptors (CXCR3, CCR4) and integrins (CD18 and CD49d) and was increased by CCL17 coating. These results will help to develop new strategies to enhance the recruitment of host huTreg to xenogeneic grafts to regulate cell-mediated xenograft rejection including NK cell responses.
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31
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Kang BH, Park HJ, Park HJ, Lee JII, Park SH, Jung KC. PLZF(+) Innate T Cells Support the TGF-β-Dependent Generation of Activated/Memory-Like Regulatory T Cells. Mol Cells 2016; 39:468-76. [PMID: 27101876 PMCID: PMC4916398 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PLZF-expressing invariant natural killer T cells and CD4 T cells are unique subsets of innate T cells. Both are selected via thymocyte-thymocyte interaction, and they contribute to the generation of activated/memory-like CD4 and CD8 T cells in the thymus via the production of IL-4. Here, we investigated whether PLZF(+) innate T cells also affect the development and function of Foxp3(+) regulatory CD4 T cells. Flow cytometry analysis of the thymus and spleen from both CIITA transgenic C57BL/6 and wild-type BALB/c mice, which have abundant PLZF(+) CD4 T cells and invariant natural killer T cells, respectively, revealed that Foxp3(+) T cells in these mice exhibited a CD103(+) activated/memory-like phenotype. The frequency of CD103(+) regulatory T cells was considerably decreased in PLZF(+) cell-deficient CIITA(Tg)Plzf(lu/lu) and BALB/c.CD1d(-/-) mice as well as in an IL-4-deficient background, such as in CIITA(Tg)IL-4(-/-) and BALB/c.lL-4(-/-) mice, indicating that the acquisition of an activated/memory-like phenotype was dependent on PLZF(+) innate T cells and IL-4. Using fetal thymic organ culture, we further demonstrated that IL-4 in concert with TGF-β enhanced the acquisition of the activated/memory-like phenotype of regulatory T cells. In functional aspects, the activated/memory-like phenotype of Treg cells was directly related to their suppressive function; regulatory T cells of CIITA(Tg)PIV(-/-) mice more efficiently suppressed ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation compared with their counterparts from wild-type mice. All of these findings suggest that PLZF(+) innate T cells also augmented the generation of activated/memory-like regulation via IL-4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Hyun Kang
- Postgraduate Course of Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080,
Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Park
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080,
Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Sungnam 13620,
Korea
| | - Hi Jung Park
- Postgraduate Course of Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080,
Korea
| | - Jae-II Lee
- Postgraduate Course of Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080,
Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080,
Korea
| | - Seong Hoe Park
- Postgraduate Course of Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080,
Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080,
Korea
| | - Kyeong Cheon Jung
- Postgraduate Course of Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080,
Korea
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080,
Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080,
Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080,
Korea
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Dioszeghy V, Mondoulet L, Puteaux E, Dhelft V, Ligouis M, Plaquet C, Dupont C, Benhamou PH. Differences in phenotype, homing properties and suppressive activities of regulatory T cells induced by epicutaneous, oral or sublingual immunotherapy in mice sensitized to peanut. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 14:770-782. [PMID: 27063469 PMCID: PMC5596241 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy has been proposed as an attractive strategy to actively treat food allergy using the following three different immunotherapy routes: oral (OIT), sublingual (SLIT) and epicutaneous (EPIT) immunotherapy. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been shown to have a pivotal role in the mechanisms of immunotherapy. The aim of this study was to compare the phenotype and function of Tregs induced in peanut-sensitized BALB/c mice using these three routes of treatment. We show that although EPIT, OIT and SLIT were all able to effectively desensitize peanut-sensitized mice, they induced different subsets of Tregs. Foxp3+ Tregs were induced by the three treatment routes but with greater numbers induced by EPIT. EPIT and OIT also increased the level of LAP+ Tregs, whereas SLIT induced IL-10+ cells. The suppressive activity of EPIT-induced Tregs did not depend on IL-10 but required CTLA-4, whereas OIT acted through both mechanisms and SLIT was strictly dependent on IL-10. Moreover, the three routes influenced the homing properties of induced Tregs differently, with a larger repertoire of chemokine receptors expressed by EPIT-induced Tregs compared with OIT- and SLIT- induced cells, resulting in different protective consequences against allergen exposure. Furthermore, whereas OIT- or SLIT-induced Tregs lost their suppressive activities after treatment was discontinued, the suppressive activities of EPIT-induced Tregs were still effective 8 weeks after the end of treatment, suggesting the induction of a more long-lasting tolerance. In summary, EPIT, OIT and SLIT mediated desensitization through the induction of different subsets of Tregs, leading to important differences in the subsequent protection against allergen exposure and the possible induction of tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emilie Puteaux
- Research Department, DBV Technologies, Paris, 92220, France
| | | | | | | | - Christophe Dupont
- Pédiatrie-Gastroentérologie, Université Paris Descartes &APHP-Hôpital Necker, Paris, 75743, France
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Xiong Y, Ahmad S, Iwami D, Brinkman CC, Bromberg JS. T-bet Regulates Natural Regulatory T Cell Afferent Lymphatic Migration and Suppressive Function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2526-40. [PMID: 26880765 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
T-bet is essential for natural regulatory T cells (nTreg) to regulate Th1 inflammation, but whether T-bet controls other Treg functions after entering the inflammatory site is unknown. In an islet allograft model, T-bet(-/-) nTreg, but not induced Treg, failed to prolong graft survival as effectively as wild-type Treg. T-bet(-/-) nTreg had no functional deficiency in vitro but failed to home from the graft to draining lymph nodes (dLN) as efficiently as wild type. T-bet regulated expression of adhesion- and migration-related molecules, influencing nTreg distribution in tissues, so that T-bet(-/-) nTreg remained in the grafts rather than migrating to lymphatics and dLN. In contrast, both wild-type and T-bet(-/-) CD4(+) conventional T cells and induced Treg migrated normally toward afferent lymphatics. T-bet(-/-) nTreg displayed instability in the graft, failing to suppress Ag-specific CD4(+) T cells and prevent their infiltration into the graft and dLN. Thus, T-bet regulates nTreg migration into afferent lymphatics and dLN and consequently their suppressive stability in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbao Xiong
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Sarwat Ahmad
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201; Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201; and
| | - Daiki Iwami
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - C Colin Brinkman
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Jonathan S Bromberg
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201; Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
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34
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Chen M, Hegde A, Choi YH, Theriot BS, Premont RT, Chen W, Walker JKL. Genetic Deletion of β-Arrestin-2 and the Mitigation of Established Airway Hyperresponsiveness in a Murine Asthma Model. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 53:346-54. [PMID: 25569510 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0231oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Arrestin-2 (βarr2) is a ubiquitously expressed cytosolic protein that terminates G protein-coupled receptor signaling and transduces G protein-independent signaling. We previously showed that mice lacking βarr2 do not develop an asthma phenotype when sensitized to, and challenged with, allergens. The current study evaluates if an established asthma phenotype can be mitigated by deletion of βarr2 using an inducible Cre recombinase. We sensitized and challenged mice to ovalbumin (OVA) and demonstrated that on Day (d) 24 the allergic asthma phenotype was apparent in uninduced βarr2 and wild-type (WT) mice. In a second group of OVA-treated mice, tamoxifen was injected on d24 to d28 to activate Cre recombinase, and OVA aerosol challenge was continued through d44. The asthma phenotype was assessed using lung mechanics measurements, bronchoalveolar lavage cell analysis, and histological assessment of mucin and airway inflammation. Compared with their respective saline-treated controls, OVA-treated WT mice and mice expressing the inducible Cre recombinase displayed a significant asthma phenotype at d45. Whereas tamoxifen treatment had no significant effect on the asthma phenotype in WT mice, it inhibited βarr2 expression and caused a significant reduction in airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) in Cre-inducible mice. These findings suggest that βarr2 is actively required for perpetuation of the AHR component of the allergic asthma phenotype. Our finding that βarr2 participates in the perpetuation of AHR in an asthma model means that targeting βarr2 may provide immediate and potentially long-term relief from daily asthma symptoms due to AHR irrespective of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyong Chen
- Departments of 1 Medicine (Gastroenterology) and
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Chen
- Departments of 1 Medicine (Gastroenterology) and
| | - Julia K L Walker
- 2 Medicine (Pulmonary), and.,3 Duke University School of Nursing, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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35
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Chu KH, Chiang BL. Characterization and functional studies of forkhead box protein 3(-) lymphocyte activation gene 3(+) CD4(+) regulatory T cells induced by mucosal B cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 180:316-28. [PMID: 25581421 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The induction of mucosal tolerance has been demonstrated to be an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of allergic diseases. Our previous study demonstrated that Peyer's patch B cells could convert naive T cells into regulatory T cells (so-called Treg -of-B(P) cells); however, it is important to characterize this particular subset of Treg -of-B cells for future applications. This study aimed to investigate the role of lymphocyte activating gene 3 (LAG3) in mediating the regulatory function of Treg -of-B(P) cells induced by mucosal follicular B (FOB) cells. Microarray analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to assess the gene expression pattern of Treg -of-B(P) cells. To evaluate the role of LAG3, the in-vitro suppressive function and the alleviation of airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma was assessed. Our data indicated that FOB cells isolated from Peyer's patches had the ability to generate more suppressive Treg -of-B cells with LAG3 expression, compared with CD23(lo) CD21(lo) B cells. LAG3 is not only a marker for Treg -of-B(P) cells, but also participate in the suppressive ability. Moreover, CCR4 and CCR6 could be detected on the LAG3(+) , not LAG3(-) , Treg -of-B(P) cells and would help cells homing to allergic lung. In the murine model of asthma, the adoptive transfer of LAG3(+) Treg -of-B(P) cells was able to sufficiently suppress T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine production, eosinophil infiltration and alleviate asthmatic symptoms. LAG3 was expressed in Treg -of-B(P) cells and was also involved in the function of Treg -of-B(P) cells. In the future, this particular subset of Treg -of-B cells might be used to alleviate allergic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-H Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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36
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Asothai R, Anand V, Das D, Antil PS, Khandpur S, Sharma VK, Sharma A. Distinctive Treg associated CCR4-CCL22 expression profile with altered frequency of Th17/Treg cell in the immunopathogenesis of Pemphigus Vulgaris. Immunobiology 2015; 220:1129-35. [PMID: 26093920 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV), a relatively common autoimmune blistering disease in India, primarily mediated by anti-Desmoglein 3 (anti-Dsg3) autoantibodies. T-helper 17 (Th17) and T-regulatory (Treg) cells play significant role in regulating immune homeostasis in autoimmune disorders. To understand immunopathogenesis of PV, it is crucial to unfold the phenotypic expression and functional characteristics of these cells along with their specific homing chemokine receptor-ligand. This proposed study aims to unravel the functional expression of Th17 and Treg cells along with their specific homing chemokine receptor-ligand, transcription factors and cytokine levels to better understand the immunopathogenesis of PV. The Flow cytometry results showed decreased frequency of Treg cells and high number of Th17 cells (p<0.001) indicating immune dysregulation in PV. A significant increase (p<0.001) in the serum levels of Th17 associated molecules (IL-17A, CCL-20) and relative expression of RORγt, CCR6 and CCL20 was found in patients. For Treg cells, transcription factor FOXp3 was significantly lowered along with defective CCR4-CCL22 (p<0.05) that might be playing an ambiguous role in Treg generated immune regulation, leading to homing defect at lesional sites. This maiden study revealed the role of defective receptor-ligand interface that might have failed to suppress inflammatory milieu produced by Th17 cells thus promoting inflammation and contributing to immunopathogenesis of PV. This chemokine receptor-ligand can further be explored as potential target for development of novel therapies in PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Asothai
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Anand
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dayasagar Das
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Parul Singh Antil
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujay Khandpur
- Department of Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - V K Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alpana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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37
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Derhovanessian E, Chen S, Maier AB, Hähnel K, de Craen AJM, Roelofs H, Westendorp R, Pawelec G. CCR4+ Regulatory T Cells Accumulate in the Very Elderly and Correlate With Superior 8-Year Survival. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 70:917-23. [PMID: 25852090 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a distinct population of T cells involved in maintaining peripheral tolerance to self-antigens. Several studies have shown increased frequency and number of Tregs in the elderly. Whether such an increase has any clinical relevance has not been addressed. Here, we have analyzed circulating Tregs in 114 donors between the ages of 18 and 89 years and assessed their implications for survival of the very elderly. In line with previously published data, we observed higher proportions of Tregs in the elderly. Expression of chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) by Tregs has been shown to characterize antigen-primed activated Tregs with immediate suppressive function. Thus we further analyzed Tregs expressing or lacking this chemokine receptor. There were more CCR4(+) and CCR4(-) Tregs in the elderly than the young. Finally, using a subset of 48 elderly donors participating in the Leiden 85-plus study we documented that people with greater median frequencies of CCR4(+) Tregs enjoyed a better 8-year survival rate than those with lower frequencies of these cells. Our data, demonstrating for the first time a positive correlation between increased frequency of Tregs and survival in the elderly, imply an increasing importance of controlling inappropriate immune responses and inflammation as we grew old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyna Derhovanessian
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Sijia Chen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics and
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Hähnel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Helene Roelofs
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rudi Westendorp
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics and Netherlands Consortium for Health Aging, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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38
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Araujo-Pires AC, Vieira AE, Francisconi CF, Biguetti CC, Glowacki A, Yoshizawa S, Campanelli AP, Trombone APF, Sfeir CS, Little SR, Garlet GP. IL-4/CCL22/CCR4 axis controls regulatory T-cell migration that suppresses inflammatory bone loss in murine experimental periodontitis. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:412-22. [PMID: 25264308 PMCID: PMC4542048 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bone resorption is a hallmark of periodontitis, and Tregs and Th2 cells are independently associated with disease progression attenuation. In this study, we employed an infection-triggered inflammatory osteolysis model to investigate the mechanisms underlying Treg and Th2 cell migration and the impact on disease outcome. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-infected C57Bl/6 (wild-type [WT]) mice develop an intense inflammatory reaction and alveolar bone resorption, and Treg and Th2 cell migration is temporally associated with disease progression attenuation. Tregs extracted from the lesions preferentially express CCR4 and CCR8, whereas Th2 cells express CCR3, CCR4, and CCR8. The absence of CCR5 and CCR8 did not significantly impact the migration of Tregs and Th2 cells or affect the disease outcome. CCR4KO mice presented a minor reduction in Th2 cells in parallel with major impairment of Treg migration, which was associated with increased inflammatory bone loss and higher proinflammatory and osteoclastogenic cytokine levels. The blockade of the CCR4 ligand CCL22 in WT mice resulted in an increased inflammatory bone loss phenotype similar to that in the CCR4KO strain. Adoptive transfer of CCR4(+) Tregs to the CCR4KO strain revert the increased disease phenotype to WT mice-like levels; also, the in situ production of CCL22 in the lesions is mandatory for Tregs migration and the consequent bone loss arrest. The local release of exogenous CCL22 provided by poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles promotes migration of Tregs and disease arrest in the absence of endogenous CCL22 in the IL-4KO strain, characterized by the lack of endogenous CCL22 production, defective migration of Tregs, and exacerbated bone loss. In summary, our results show that the IL-4/CCL22/CCR4 axis is involved in the migration of Tregs to osteolytic lesion sites, and attenuates development of lesions by inhibiting inflammatory migration and the production of proinflammatory and osteoclastogenic mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Claudia Araujo-Pires
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, Sao Paulo University (FOB/USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Andreia Espindola Vieira
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, Sao Paulo University (FOB/USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Favaro Francisconi
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, Sao Paulo University (FOB/USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia Cristina Biguetti
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, Sao Paulo University (FOB/USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrew Glowacki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- The Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sayuri Yoshizawa
- The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- The Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ana Paula Campanelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, Sao Paulo University (FOB/USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Charles S. Sfeir
- The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- The Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven R. Little
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- The Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, Sao Paulo University (FOB/USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Chow Z, Banerjee A, Hickey MJ. Controlling the fire — tissue‐specific mechanisms of effector regulatory T‐cell homing. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 93:355-63. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2014.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Chow
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Ashish Banerjee
- Centre for Cancer Research, MIMR‐PHI Institute of Medical Research Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Michael J Hickey
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre Clayton Victoria Australia
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Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand mediates the resolution of allergic airway inflammation induced by chronic allergen inhalation. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:1199-208. [PMID: 24569802 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Allergic asthma can vanish over time either spontaneously or induced by allergen-specific immunotherapy. In mice with established airway allergic inflammation, chronic intranasal (IN) allergen challenges decreases progressively airway allergic inflammation. Here we compared the contribution of different regulatory pathways that could be associated with this phenomenon, known as local inhalational tolerance. We found that inhalational tolerance was not associated with increased number of regulatory T cells or suppressive cytokines. Instead, it was associated with increased apoptosis of airway inflammatory leukocytes revealed by annexin-V staining and the expression of apical caspase 8 and effector caspase 3. Also, the transition from acute to chronic phase was associated with a shift in the expression of pro-allergic to pro-apoptotic molecules. The tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) was found to be a key molecule in mediating resolution of allergic inflammation because anti-TRAIL treatment blocked apoptosis and increased the infiltration of T helper type 2 (Th2) cells and eosinophils. Notably, repeated IN treatment with recombinant TRAIL in established airway allergic inflammation augmented leukocyte apoptosis and decreased the frequency of interleukin-5-producing Th2 cells and eosinophils to airways. Our data indicate that TRAIL signaling is sufficient for downmodulation of allergic airway disease, suggesting a potential therapeutic use of TRAIL for asthma treatment.
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Nakada EM, Shan J, Kinyanjui MW, Fixman ED. Adjuvant-dependent regulation of interleukin-17 expressing γδ T cells and inhibition of Th2 responses in allergic airways disease. Respir Res 2014; 15:90. [PMID: 25123451 PMCID: PMC4151193 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-014-0090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Th2 immune responses are linked primarily to mild and moderate asthma, while Th17 cells, Interleukin-17A (IL-17) and neutrophilia have been implicated in more severe forms of disease. How Th2-dependent allergic reactions are influenced by Th17 and IL-17-γδ T cells is poorly understood. In murine models, under some conditions, IL-17 promotes Th2-biased airway inflammatory responses. However, IL-17-γδ T cells have been implicated in the inhibition and resolution of allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Methods We compared airway responses in Balb/c mice sensitized to OVA with (and without) a Th2-skewing aluminum-based adjuvant and the IL-17 skewing, complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). AHR was measured invasively by flexiVent, while serum OVA-IgE was quantified by an enzyme immunoassay. Airway inflammatory and cytokine profiles, and cellular sources of IL-17 were assessed from bronchoalveolar lavage and/or lungs. The role of γδ T cells in these responses was addressed in OVA/CFA sensitized mice using a γδ T cell antibody. Results Following OVA challenge, all mice exhibited mixed eosinophilic/neutrophilic airway inflammatory profiles and elevated serum OVA-IgE. Whereas OVA/alum sensitized mice had moderate inflammation and AHR, OVA/CFA sensitized mice had significantly greater inflammation but lacked AHR. This correlated with a shift in IL-17 production from CD4+ to γδ T cells. Additionally, OVA/CFA sensitized mice, given a γδ TCR stimulatory antibody, showed increased frequencies of IL-17-γδ T cells and diminished airway reactivity and eosinophilia. Conclusions Thus, the conditions of antigen sensitization influence the profile of cells that produce IL-17, the balance of which may then modulate the airway inflammatory responses, including AHR. The possibility for IL-17-γδ T cells to reduce AHR and robust eosinophilic inflammation provides evidence that therapeutic approaches focused on stimulating and increasing airway IL-17-γδ T cells may be an effective alternative in treating steroid resistant, severe asthma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-014-0090-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Hamano R, Baba T, Sasaki S, Tomaru U, Ishizu A, Kawano M, Yamagishi M, Mukaida N. Ag and IL-2 immune complexes efficiently expand Ag-specific Treg cells that migrate in response to chemokines and reduce localized immune responses. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:1005-15. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Hamano
- Division of Rheumatology; Department of Internal Medicine; Kanazawa University Hospital; Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan
| | - Tomohisa Baba
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation; Cancer Research Institute; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan
| | - Soichiro Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation; Cancer Research Institute; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan
| | - Utano Tomaru
- Department of Pathology/Pathophysiology; Graduate School of Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishizu
- Faculty of Health Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kawano
- Division of Rheumatology; Department of Internal Medicine; Kanazawa University Hospital; Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamagishi
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Internal Medicine; Kanazawa University Hospital; Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan
| | - Naofumi Mukaida
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation; Cancer Research Institute; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan
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Participation of T regulatory cells in equine recurrent airway obstruction. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 158:128-34. [PMID: 24503328 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) is an equine immune-mediated disease with a high incidence worldwide. The aim of this work was to contribute to the understanding of RAO pathogenesis by studying T cells bearing regulatory markers in peripheral blood (PB) and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) recovered from the same group of susceptible horses before and after exposure to moldy hay, which has been shown to induce RAO signology in our horse herd. With this purpose, mononuclear cells were obtained from the BALF and PB from horses before and after antigenic challenge and were stained with fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies against CD4, CD25 and Foxp3 and subsequently analyzed by flow cytometry. The results indicated that the percentage of CD4+, Foxp3+ cells clearly increased in PB and BALF obtained from horses with RAO. In addition, the percentage of CD4+, CD25(high) cells was greatly augmented in BALF of RAO positive horses compared with a baseline. No changes were observed in the PB compartment. The percentage of CD4+, CD25(high), Foxp3+ cells in BALF increased in horses with active disease compared to horses in remission; this cell population also does not show changes in the PB compartment when RAO positive and RAO negative horses were compared. On the other hand, when the percentage of CD4, Foxp3 positive cells were compared with the percentage of CD4+, CD25(high) cells, the numbers were very similar. This observation was true for PB and BALF cells from non exposed horses as well as horses exposed to antigen. In all the experimental situations studied, the population expressing all of the markers CD4+, CD25(high), Foxp3+ represent only a minor percentage of CD4+, CD25(high) or CD4+, Foxp3 subpopulations; therefore, an significant number of CD4+, CD25(high), Foxp3- and CD4+, CD25(null), Foxp3+ cells must exist. Finally, we conclude that horses with RAO show an airway accumulation of T cells bearing regulatory markers that probably are modulating the course of this disease, and that these T cells may be involved in the resolution of immune-mediated bronchial inflammation.
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Griffith JW, Sokol CL, Luster AD. Chemokines and chemokine receptors: positioning cells for host defense and immunity. Annu Rev Immunol 2014; 32:659-702. [PMID: 24655300 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1324] [Impact Index Per Article: 132.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that control the migratory patterns and positioning of all immune cells. Although chemokines were initially appreciated as important mediators of acute inflammation, we now know that this complex system of approximately 50 endogenous chemokine ligands and 20 G protein-coupled seven-transmembrane signaling receptors is also critical for the generation of primary and secondary adaptive cellular and humoral immune responses. Recent studies demonstrate important roles for the chemokine system in the priming of naive T cells, in cell fate decisions such as effector and memory cell differentiation, and in regulatory T cell function. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding how the chemokine system orchestrates immune cell migration and positioning at the organismic level in homeostasis, in acute inflammation, and during the generation and regulation of adoptive primary and secondary immune responses in the lymphoid system and peripheral nonlymphoid tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Griffith
- Center for Immunology & Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; , ,
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Hu M, Wang C, Zhang GY, Saito M, Wang YM, Fernandez MA, Wang Y, Wu H, Hawthorne WJ, Jones C, O'Connell PJ, Sparwasser T, Bishop GA, Sharland AF, Alexander SI. Infiltrating Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells from spontaneously tolerant kidney allografts demonstrate donor-specific tolerance. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:2819-30. [PMID: 24102948 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) have an essential role in immune and allograft tolerance. However, in both kidney and liver transplantation in humans, FOXP3(+) Tregs have been associated with clinical rejection. Therefore, the role and function of graft infiltrating Tregs have been of great interest. In the studies outlined, we demonstrated that Foxp3(+) Tregs were expanded in tolerant kidney allografts and in draining lymph nodes in the DBA/2 (H-2(d) ) to C57BL/6 (H-2(b) ) mouse spontaneous kidney allograft tolerance model. Kidney allograft tolerance was abrogated after deletion of Foxp3(+) Tregs in DEpletion of REGulatory T cells (DEREG) mice. Kidney allograft infiltrating Foxp3(+) Tregs (K-Tregs) expressed elevated levels of TGF-β, IL-10, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), the transcriptional repressor B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1) and chemokine receptor 3 (Cxcr3). These K-Tregs had the capacity to transfer dominant tolerance and demonstrate donor alloantigen-specific tolerance to skin allografts. This study demonstrated the crucial role, potency and specificity of graft infiltrating Foxp3(+) Tregs in the maintenance of spontaneously induced kidney allograft tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hu
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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Jin HS, Park Y, Elly C, Liu YC. Itch expression by Treg cells controls Th2 inflammatory responses. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:4923-34. [PMID: 24135136 DOI: 10.1172/jci69355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells maintain immune homeostasis by limiting autoimmune and inflammatory responses. Treg differentiation, maintenance, and function are controlled by the transcription factor Foxp3. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying Treg cell regulation remain elusive. Here, we show that Treg cell-specific ablation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch in mice caused massive multiorgan lymphocyte infiltration and skin lesions, chronic T cell activation, and the development of severe antigen-induced airway inflammation. Surprisingly, Foxp3 expression, homeostasis, and the in vitro and in vivo suppressive capability of Treg cells were not affected by Itch deficiency. We found that the expression of Th2 cytokines by Treg cells was increased in the absence of Itch. Fate mapping revealed that a fraction of Treg cells lost Foxp3 expression independently of Itch. However, Th2 cytokines were excessively augmented in Itch(-/-) Foxp3-negative "ex-Treg" cells without altering the percentage of conversion. Targeted knockdown of Th2 transcriptional regulators in Itch(-/-) Treg cells prevented Th2 cytokine production. The present study unveils a mechanism of Treg cell acquisition of Th2-like properties that is independent of Foxp3 function and Treg cell stability.
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Komiya T, Sugiyama T, Takeda K, Watanabe N, Imai M, Kokubo M, Tokuda N, Ochiai H, Habashita H, Shibayama S. Suppressive effects of a novel CC chemokine receptor 4 antagonist on Th2 cell trafficking in ligand- and antigen-induced mouse models. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 720:335-43. [PMID: 24140571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) has been implicated as a preferential marker for T helper type 2 (Th2) cells, and is believed to be involved in the pathology of allergic diseases by controlling Th2 cell trafficking into inflamed tissues. The objective of the study was to characterize the pharmacological properties of E0001-163, a novel CCR4 antagonist. E0001-163 was tested in both in vitro chemotaxis assays as well as in vivo mouse models of CCR4 ligand-induced air pouch and antigen-induced airway inflammation by utilizing in vitro-polarized Th2 cells. In vitro, E0001-163 inhibited migratory response of human Th2-polarized cells to CCL22, a CCR4 ligand, with an IC50 value of 11.9 nM. E0001-163 significantly suppressed CCL22-induced Th2 cell trafficking into mouse air pouch in a dose-dependent manner at doses of 3 and 10mg/kg, suggesting that E0001-163 has an inhibitory effect on CCR4-mediated T cell trafficking in vivo. In addition, E0001-163 partially decreased Th2 cell trafficking and the level of IL-4 in the lungs in Th2-tansferred and ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged mice. T cell trafficking involves multiple chemokine receptors both in acute and chronic phases, and our findings suggest that CCR4, together with other chemokine receptors, may be involved in Th2 cell trafficking under disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Komiya
- Exploratory Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 17-2, Wadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-4247, Japan.
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Lehtimäki S, Lahesmaa R. Regulatory T Cells Control Immune Responses through Their Non-Redundant Tissue Specific Features. Front Immunol 2013; 4:294. [PMID: 24069022 PMCID: PMC3780303 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are needed in the control of immune responses and to maintain immune homeostasis. Of this subtype of regulatory lymphocytes, the most potent are Foxp3 expressing CD4+ T cells, which can be roughly divided into two main groups; natural Treg cells (nTreg), developing in the thymus, and induced or adaptive Treg cells (iTreg), developing in the periphery from naïve, conventional T cells. Both nTreg cells and iTreg cells have their own, non-redundant roles in the immune system, with nTreg cells mainly maintaining tolerance toward self-structures, and iTreg developing in response to externally delivered antigens or commensal microbes. In addition, Treg cells acquire tissue specific features and are adapted to function in the tissue they reside. This review will focus on some specific features of Treg cells in different compartments of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Lehtimäki
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University , Turku , Finland
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Regulatory T cells prevent Th2 immune responses and pulmonary eosinophilia during respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice. J Virol 2013; 87:10946-54. [PMID: 23926350 PMCID: PMC3807299 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01295-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During viral infection, inflammation and recovery are tightly controlled by competing proinflammatory and regulatory immune pathways. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading global cause of infantile bronchiolitis, which is associated with recurrent wheeze and asthma diagnosis in later life. Th2-driven disease has been well described under some conditions for RSV-infected mice. In the present studies, we used the Foxp3DTR mice (which allow specific conditional depletion of Foxp3+ T cells) to investigate the functional effects of regulatory T cells (Tregs) during A2-strain RSV infection. Infected Treg-depleted mice lost significantly more weight than wild-type mice, indicating enhanced disease. This enhancement was characterized by increased cellularity in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and notable lung eosinophilia not seen in control mice. This was accompanied by abundant CD4+ and CD8+ T cells exhibiting an activated phenotype and induction of interleukin 13 (IL-13)- and GATA3-expressing Th2-type CD4+ T cells that remained present in the airways even 14 days after infection. Therefore, Treg cells perform vital anti-inflammatory functions during RSV infection, suppressing pathogenic T cell responses and inhibiting lung eosinophilia. These findings provide additional evidence that dysregulation of normal immune responses to viral infection may contribute to severe RSV disease.
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