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Boiko JR, Hill GR. Chronic Graft-versus-host Disease: Immune Insights, Therapeutic Advances, and Parallels for Solid Organ Transplantation. Transplantation 2025; 109:955-966. [PMID: 39682018 PMCID: PMC12097962 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000005298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2024]
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) remains a frequent and morbid outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), in which the donor-derived immune system attacks healthy recipient tissue. Preceding tissue damage mediated by chemoradiotherapy and alloreactive T cells compromise central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms, leading to aberrant donor T cell and germinal center B cell differentiation, culminating in pathogenic macrophage infiltration and differentiation in target tissue, with ensuant fibrosis. This process results in a heterogeneous clinical syndrome with significant morbidity and mortality, frequently requiring prolonged therapy. In this review, we discuss the processes that interrupt immune tolerance, the subsequent clinical manifestations, and new FDA-approved therapeutic approaches that have been born from a greater understanding of disease pathogenesis in preclinical systems, linking to parallel processes following solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie R. Boiko
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Geoffrey R. Hill
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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2
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Bracken SJ, Poe JC, Sarantopoulos S. What's atypical about human B cells after allogeneic stem cell transplantation? J Leukoc Biol 2025; 117:qiaf048. [PMID: 40273381 PMCID: PMC12089796 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiaf048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2025] [Accepted: 04/22/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Atypical B cells or age-associated B cells represent an alternative lineage of memory B cells. Emerging evidence suggests that context influences the apparent functional heterogeneity of age-associated B cells. While data support a protective role for age-associated B cells in the setting of infection, multiple other studies suggest that these cells play a pathogenic role in the setting of autoimmunity. After treatment with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the memory B-cell compartment is altered in patients who develop an autoimmune-like syndrome called chronic graft-versus-host disease. Patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease have significantly increased proportions of CD11c+ age-associated B cells within the peripheral compartment that develop under constant exposure to host alloantigens and persist under conditions when B-cell tolerance is not achieved. Herein, we review what is currently known about the molecular alterations in the heterogeneous memory B-cell compartment of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients, especially patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease who have developed autoimmune manifestations. In this mini-review, we summarize intrinsic factors in age-associated B cells found in autoimmune states that likely influence their extrafollicular localization, differentiation potential into autoantibody-secreting cells, and function. We highlight lessons from B-cell studies in chronic graft-versus-host disease to provide unique insights into the molecular underpinnings of the diverse functions of age-associated B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali J Bracken
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Jonathan C Poe
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University School of Medicine, 2400 Pratt Street, Durham, NC 27705, United States
| | - Stefanie Sarantopoulos
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University School of Medicine, 2400 Pratt Street, Durham, NC 27705, United States
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, 207 Research Drive Suite 156, Durham, NC 27706, United States
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 3917, Durham, NC 27710, United States
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3
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Lyu F, Gong H, Wu X, Liu X, Lu Y, Wei X, Liu C, Shen Y, Wang Y, Lei L, Chen J, Ma S, Sun H, Yu D, Han J, Xu Y, Wu D. Dimethyl fumarate ameliorates chronic graft-versus-host disease by inhibiting Tfh differentiation via Nrf2. Leukemia 2025; 39:473-481. [PMID: 39580582 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02475-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 10/26/2024] [Accepted: 11/13/2024] [Indexed: 11/25/2024]
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), characterized by chronic tissue inflammation and fibrosis involving multiple organs, remains a major complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an anti-inflammatory drug approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and psoriasis. We previously reported that DMF effectively inhibits acute GVHD (aGVHD) while preserving the graft-versus-leukemia effect. However, the role of DMF in cGVHD progression remains unknown. Here, we found that DMF administration significantly suppresses follicular helper T cell (Tfh) differentiation, and germinal center formation and alleviates disease severity in different murine cGVHD models. Mechanistically, DMF treatment downregulates IL-21 transcription by activation of Nrf2, thus orchestrating Tfh-related gene programs both in mice and humans. The inhibitory role of DMF on Tfh cell differentiation was diminished in Nrf2 deficient T cells. Importantly, the therapeutic potential of DMF in clinical cGVHD has been validated in human data whereby DMF effectively reduces IL-21 production and Tfh cell generation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from active cGVHD patients and further attenuates xenograft GVHD. Collectively, our findings reveal that DMF potently inhibits cGVHD development by repressing Tfh cell differentiation via Nrf2, paving the way for the treatment of cGVHD in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulian Lyu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Huanle Gong
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China.
| | - Xiaojin Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Yinghao Lu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiya Wei
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chenchen Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaoyao Shen
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Lei
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Shoubao Ma
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hongjian Sun
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Di Yu
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Ian Frazer Centre for Children's Immunotherapy Research, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - JingJing Han
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China.
| | - Depei Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China.
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Elliott J, Koldej R, Khot A, Ritchie D. Graft-Versus-Host Disease Mouse Models: A Clinical-Translational Perspective. Methods Mol Biol 2025; 2907:1-56. [PMID: 40100591 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4430-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2025]
Abstract
A variety of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) models have been developed in mice for the purpose of allowing laboratory investigation of the pathobiology, prevention, and treatment of GVHD in humans. While such models are crucial in advancing our knowledge in this field, there are some key limitations that need to be considered when translating laboratory discoveries into the clinical context. This chapter will discuss current clinical practices in transplantation and GVHD and the relative strengths and weaknesses of mouse models that attempt to replicate these states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Elliott
- ACRF Translational Research Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Rachel Koldej
- ACRF Translational Research Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amit Khot
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Ritchie
- ACRF Translational Research Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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5
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Wang Z, Li R, Fu W, Cheng H, Zhang Y, Tang G, Yang J, Wang J, Ni X. Anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody prevents chronic graft-versus-host disease in mice by inducing immune tolerance of CD8 + T cells and alleviating thymus injury. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1460687. [PMID: 39776911 PMCID: PMC11703850 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1460687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 12/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) manifests with characteristics of autoimmune disease with organs attacked by pathogenic helper T cells. Recent studies have highlighted the role of T cells in cGVHD pathogenesis. Due to limited understanding of underlying mechanisms, preventing cGVHD after allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has become a major challenge. Materials and methods Here, we used a representative cGVHD model with the donor C57BL/6 to recipient BALB/c combination. Post-HCT, mice were treated with IgG or anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody. The severity of cGVHD was assessed by evaluating symptoms of cGVHD and histopathology examination (H&E) of target organs. Thymus gland damage and defects of the negative selection were assessed by analyzing the CD4+CD8+ double-positive thymocytes, cortical thymic epithelial cells and medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs). Immunotolerance of CD8+ T cells was assessed by detecting the expression of CD80, PD-1, GRAIL and IL-7Rα. Long-term cellular and humoral immunity associated with graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects were evaluated through detecting the percentage of CD4+ T cells, IgG, IgM and IgA concentrations, and performing tumor challenge experiment. Results Donor CD8+ T cells caused thymic epithelial cells damage and impaired negative selection in recipients, leading to generation of autoreactive T cells and causing cGVHD. Anti-CD4 mAb treatment promoted immune incompetence of thymus-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, facilitated recovery of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes and regeneration mTECs, and preserved negative-selection, but had no effects on the long-term cellular immunity and humoral immunity, resulting in preservation of GVL effect. Conclusion Our results indicate that anti-CD4 mAb therapy early post-HCT allows thymus recovery by inducing the immune tolerance of thymus infiltrated CD8+ T cells, thereby alleviating thymic epithelial cells damage, preserving negative selection, and preserving long-term GVL effect at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiong Ni
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Vadakkel G, Eng S, Proli A, Ponce DM. Updates in chronic graft-versus-host disease: novel treatments and best practices in the current era. Bone Marrow Transplant 2024; 59:1360-1368. [PMID: 39080470 PMCID: PMC11917373 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-024-02370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a serious complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant. The development of cGVHD involves a complex, multistep process that is characterized by early inflammation and tissue injury, followed by chronic inflammation, aberrant tissue repair, and fibrosis. Systemic corticosteroids remain the first line of treatment for cGVHD. New treatments for patients with cGVHD for whom treatment has failed or who develop steroid-dependent cGVHD are now available; these include ibrutinib, ruxolitinib, and belumosudil. Treatment selection may be based on the patient's individual needs, graft-versus-host disease organ involvement, and comorbidities. However, as therapeutic options for patients without a treatment response or with only a partial response remain an unmet need, new agents are under investigation. Furthermore, patients with cGVHD can develop multiorgan involvement and frequently require specialized care. A multidisciplinary team approach that focuses on the individual's needs and quality of life is strongly encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grashma Vadakkel
- Department of Pharmacy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Stephen Eng
- Department of Pharmacy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Doris M Ponce
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Nguyen JT, Jessri M, Costa-da-Silva AC, Sharma R, Mays JW, Treister NS. Oral Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Current Treatment, and Emerging Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10411. [PMID: 39408739 PMCID: PMC11476840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) is a multisystem disorder that occurs in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic (alloHCT) stem cell transplants and is characterized by both inflammatory and fibrotic manifestations. It begins with the recognition of host tissues by the non-self (allogeneic) graft and progresses to tissue inflammation, organ dysfunction and fibrosis throughout the body. Oral cavity manifestations of cGVHD include mucosal features, salivary gland dysfunction and fibrosis. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of oral cGVHD, with a focus on emerging trends and novel therapeutics. Data from various clinical studies and expert consensus are integrated to provide a comprehensive overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe T. Nguyen
- Nguyen Laboratory, Head and Neck Cancer Section, Surgical Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Oral Immunobiology Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.C.C.-d.-S.); (R.S.); (J.W.M.)
| | - Maryam Jessri
- Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia;
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ana C. Costa-da-Silva
- Oral Immunobiology Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.C.C.-d.-S.); (R.S.); (J.W.M.)
| | - Rubina Sharma
- Oral Immunobiology Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.C.C.-d.-S.); (R.S.); (J.W.M.)
| | - Jacqueline W. Mays
- Oral Immunobiology Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.C.C.-d.-S.); (R.S.); (J.W.M.)
| | - Nathaniel S. Treister
- Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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8
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Sugio T, Uchida N, Miyawaki K, Ohno Y, Eto T, Mori Y, Yoshimoto G, Kikushige Y, Kunisaki Y, Mizuno S, Nagafuji K, Iwasaki H, Kamimura T, Ogawa R, Miyamoto T, Taniguchi S, Akashi K, Kato K. Prognostic impact of HLA supertype mismatch in single-unit cord blood transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2024; 59:466-472. [PMID: 38238452 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-023-02183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The "human leukocyte antigen (HLA) supertype" is a functional classification of HLA alleles, which was defined by structural features and peptide specificities, and has been reportedly associated with the clinical outcomes of viral infections and autoimmune diseases. Although the disparity in each HLA locus was reported to have no clinical significance in single-unit cord blood transplantation (sCBT), the clinical significance of the HLA supertype in sCBT remains unknown. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 1603 patients who received sCBT in eight institutes in Japan between 2000 and 2017. Each HLA allele was categorized into 19 supertypes, and the prognostic effect of disparities was then assessed. An HLA-B supertype mismatch was identified as a poor prognostic factor (PFS: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.23, p = 0.00044) and was associated with a higher cumulative incidence (CI) of relapse (HR = 1.24, p = 0.013). However, an HLA-B supertype mismatch was not associated with the CI of acute and chronic graft-versus-host-disease. The multivariate analysis for relapse and PFS showed the significance of an HLA-B supertype mismatch independent of allelic mismatches, and other previously reported prognostic factors. HLA-B supertype-matched grafts should be selected in sCBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Sugio
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
- Divisions of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Naoyuki Uchida
- Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohta Miyawaki
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuju Ohno
- Department of Hematology, Kitakyushu Municipal Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Eto
- Department of Hematology, Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Goichi Yoshimoto
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshikane Kikushige
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuya Kunisaki
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinichi Mizuno
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Nagafuji
- Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Iwasaki
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Ryosuke Ogawa
- Department of Hematology, JCHO Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Miyamoto
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Taniguchi
- Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Kato
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
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9
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Dinges SS, Amini K, Notarangelo LD, Delmonte OM. Primary and secondary defects of the thymus. Immunol Rev 2024; 322:178-211. [PMID: 38228406 PMCID: PMC10950553 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The thymus is the primary site of T-cell development, enabling generation, and selection of a diverse repertoire of T cells that recognize non-self, whilst remaining tolerant to self- antigens. Severe congenital disorders of thymic development (athymia) can be fatal if left untreated due to infections, and thymic tissue implantation is the only cure. While newborn screening for severe combined immune deficiency has allowed improved detection at birth of congenital athymia, thymic disorders acquired later in life are still underrecognized and assessing the quality of thymic function in such conditions remains a challenge. The thymus is sensitive to injury elicited from a variety of endogenous and exogenous factors, and its self-renewal capacity decreases with age. Secondary and age-related forms of thymic dysfunction may lead to an increased risk of infections, malignancy, and autoimmunity. Promising results have been obtained in preclinical models and clinical trials upon administration of soluble factors promoting thymic regeneration, but to date no therapy is approved for clinical use. In this review we provide a background on thymus development, function, and age-related involution. We discuss disease mechanisms, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches for primary and secondary thymic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S. Dinges
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kayla Amini
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luigi D. Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ottavia M. Delmonte
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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10
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Baumrin E, Loren AW, Falk SJ, Mays JW, Cowen EW. Chronic graft-versus-host disease. Part I: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:1-16. [PMID: 36572065 PMCID: PMC10287844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease is a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation and a leading cause of long-term morbidity, nonrelapse mortality, and impaired health-related quality of life. The skin is commonly affected and presents heterogeneously, making the role of dermatologists critical in both diagnosis and treatment. In addition, new clinical classification and grading schemes inform treatment algorithms, which now include 3 U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies, and evolving transplant techniques are changing disease epidemiology. Part I reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of chronic graft-versus-host disease. Part II discusses disease grading and therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Baumrin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Alison W Loren
- Blood and Marrow Transplant, Cell Therapy and Transplant Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sandy J Falk
- Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacqueline W Mays
- Oral Immunobiology Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Edward W Cowen
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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11
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Parra-Ortega I, Nájera-Martínez N, Gaytán-Morales F, Castorena-Villa I, López-Martínez B, Ortiz-Navarrete V, Olvera-Gómez I. Enrichment of effector memory T cells in the CD4 and CD8 T cell compartment during chronic graft versus host disease in children. Transpl Immunol 2023; 81:101951. [PMID: 37939887 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During allogeneic Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), frequent pathological scenarios include graft versus host disease (GVHD) and viral infections. We hypothesized if exogenous stimulus as alloantigen and viral antigens might impact on central and effector memory T cells in pediatric recipients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Subjects included 21 pediatric recipients and 20 healthy children (control group). Peripheral blood samples of patients were collected along the first 712 days post-HSCT. T cell phenotyping of naïve, central, and effector memory T cells (TCMs and TEMs, respectively) was conducted using flow cytometry. Viral nucleic acids were detected using real-time PCR. RESULTS T cell reconstitution was not reached after 1 year post-HSCT. Chronic GVHD was associated with increased numbers of naïve CD4 T cells (p < 0.05) as well as an increase in TEM and TCM cells of the CD4 (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05, respectively) and CD8 T cell TEM (p < 0.0001). and TCM (p < 0.001) populations too. Moreover, BK and Epstein-Barr viruses were the main viral pathogens detected (<104 copies), which were associated with a decrease in all T cell compartments. CONCLUSION During chronic GVHD, alloantigen persistence generates TEM cell enrichment among CD4 and CD8 T cells, and viral infections are associated with deficient recovery of T cells after HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Parra-Ortega
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Clinical Laboratory Department, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Noemí Nájera-Martínez
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Clinical Laboratory Department, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Félix Gaytán-Morales
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iván Castorena-Villa
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Briceida López-Martínez
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Sub-directorate of Auxilliary Services and Diagnosis, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Irlanda Olvera-Gómez
- CICSA, Universidad Anáhuac, State of Mexico, Mexico; Immunology Laboratory, Hospital Nacional Homeopático, Mexico City, Mexico.
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12
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Shen J, Wang Y, Zheng F, Cao S, Lan Q, Xu K, Pan B. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor regulates IL-22 receptor expression on thymic epithelial cell and accelerates thymus regeneration. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:64. [PMID: 37938575 PMCID: PMC10632505 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00339-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving regeneration of damaged thymus is important for reconstituting T-cell immunity. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) was proved to improve thymus regeneration through recovering thymic epithelial cells (TECs). The IL-22 receptor IL-22RA1 is crucial for mediating IL-22 functions. Mechanism that regulates IL-22RA1 expression is unknown. Through using TECs-conditional knockout mice, we found aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is important for thymus regeneration, because Foxn1-cre-mediated AHR knockout (AhrKO) significantly blocks recovery of thymus cells. Giving mice the AHR inhibitor CH-223191 or the AHR agonist FICZ blocks or accelerates thymus regeneration, respectively. AhrKO-mediated blockade of thymus regeneration could not be rescued by giving exogenous IL-22. Mechanistically, AhrKO mice shows decreased IL-22RA1 expression. In the murine TECs cell line mTEC1 cells, targeting AHR shows an impact on IL-22RA1 mRNA levels. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays, we find AHR co-operates with STAT3, binds the promotor region of IL-22RA1 gene and transcriptionally increases IL-22RA1 expression in mTEC1 cells. Foxn1-cre-mediated IL-22RA1 knockout (Il22ra1KO) blocks thymus regeneration after irradiation. Furthermore, targeting AHR or IL-22RA1 has significant impacts on severity of murine chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), which is an autoimmune-like complication following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Giving FICZ decreases cGVHD, whereas Il22ra1KO exacerbates cGVHD. The impacts on cGVHD are associated with thymus regeneration and T-cell immune reconstitution. In conclusion, we report an unrecognized function of TECs-expressed AHR in thymus regeneration and AHR transcriptionally regulates IL-22RA1 expression, which have implications for improving thymus regeneration and controlling cGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Shen
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Fei Zheng
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Shuo Cao
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Qiu Lan
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Kailin Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China.
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China.
| | - Bin Pan
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China.
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China.
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13
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Zhao X, Sun Y, Xu Z, Cai L, Hu Y, Wang H. Targeting PRMT1 prevents acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease. Mol Ther 2023; 31:3259-3276. [PMID: 37735873 PMCID: PMC10638063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a common complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Recent studies have reported that protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is essential for the differentiation and proliferation of T and B cells. Therefore, it is possible that PRMT1 may play a critical role in GVHD. In this study, we observed that PRMT1 expression was upregulated in CD4+ T and B cells from chronic GVHD (cGVHD) patients and mice. However, the prophylactic use of a PRMT1 inhibitor significantly prevented cGVHD in mice by reducing the percentage of T helper (Th)17 cells, germinal center B cells, and plasma cells. The PRMT1 inhibitor also controlled acute GVHD (aGVHD) in mice by decreasing the percentage of Th17 cells. Moreover, inhibiting PRMT1 also weakened Th17 cell differentiation, B cell proliferation, and antibody production in cells from cGVHD patients. Additionally, further studies revealed that PRMT1 regulated B cell proliferation and antibody secretion by methylating isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2). We observed asymmetric di-methylation of IDH2 by PRMT1 at arginine 353 promoted IDH2 homodimerization, which enhanced IDH2 activity, further increasing B cell proliferation and antibody production. Collectively, this study provides a rationale for the application of PRMT1 inhibitors in the prevention of aGVHD and cGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ziwei Xu
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Huafang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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14
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Zhang H, Liu J, Sun Y, Huang J, Qi H, Shao R, Wu Q, Jiang Q, Fu R, Liu Q, Jin H. Nestin+ Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Fibrotic Transition Mediated by CD169+ Macrophages in Bone Marrow Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1154-1166. [PMID: 37610222 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) involves multiple organs, but little is known about bone marrow (BM) alterations caused by cGVHD. In mice and humans, we found that cGVHD is associated with BM fibrosis resulting in T cell infiltration, IgG deposition, and hematopoietic dysfunction. Macrophages and Nestin+ mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) participated in the process of BM fibrosis during BM cGVHD development. BM macrophage numbers were significantly increased in mice and humans with BM fibrosis associated with cGVHD. Amplified macrophages produced TGF-β1, which recruited Nestin+ MSCs forming clusters, and Nestin+ MSCs later differentiated into fibroblasts, a process mediated by increased TGF-β/Smad signaling. TLR4/MyD88-mediated activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in macrophages is associated with fibrosis by increasing Nestin+ MSC migration and differentiation into fibroblasts. Depletion of macrophages by clodronate-containing liposomes and inhibition of ER stress by 4-phenylbutyric acid reversed BM fibrosis by inhibiting fibroblast differentiation. These studies provide insights into the pathogenesis of BM fibrosis during cGVHD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiapei Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Sun
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Huang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanzhou Qi
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruoyang Shao
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoyuan Wu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - QianLi Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qifa Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Izzo A, Pellegrino RA, Locci G, Cesaretti M. Acute graft versus host disease after liver transplantation: where do we stand? Minerva Surg 2023; 78:537-544. [PMID: 36883938 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5691.23.09868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a rare complication after liver transplantation (LT), with an estimated incidence rate of 0.5% to 2% and a mortality rate as high as 75%. The classical target organs of GVHD include the intestines, liver, and skin. The damage of these organs is not easy to detect for the clinician as there is no widely accepted clinical or laboratory diagnostic tests; as a result, diagnosis and initiation of therapy are often delayed. Moreover, without prospective clinical trials to reference, evidence guiding therapy is limited. This review summarized the current knowledge, the potential applications and the clinical relevance of GVHD after LT, highlighting novel approaches in grading and management of GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Izzo
- Department of HPB and Liver Transplantation, Brotzu Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Giorgia Locci
- Department of Pathology, Brotzu Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Manuela Cesaretti
- Department of HPB and Liver Transplantation, Brotzu Hospital, Cagliari, Italy -
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16
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Zhang X, He J, Zhao K, Liu S, Xuan L, Chen S, Xue R, Lin R, Xu J, Zhang Y, Xiang AP, Jin H, Liu Q. Mesenchymal stromal cells ameliorate chronic GVHD by boosting thymic regeneration in a CCR9-dependent manner in mice. Blood Adv 2023; 7:5359-5373. [PMID: 37363876 PMCID: PMC10509672 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022009646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Mature donor T cells within the graft contribute to severe damage of thymic epithelial cells (TECs), which are known as key mediators in the continuum of acute GVHD (aGVHD) and cGVHD pathology. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are reportedly effective in the prevention and treatment of cGVHD. In our previous pilot clinical trial in patients with refractory aGVHD, the incidence and severity of cGVHD were decreased, along with an increase in levels of blood signal joint T-cell receptor excision DNA circles after MSCs treatment, which indicated an improvement in thymus function of patients with GVHD, but the mechanisms leading to these effects remain unknown. Here, we show in a murine GVHD model that MSCs promoted the quantity and maturity of TECs as well as elevated the proportion of Aire-positive medullary TECs, improving both CD4+CD8+ double-positive thymocytes and thymic regulatory T cells, balancing the CD4:CD8 ratio in the blood. In addition, CCL25-CCR9 signaling axis was found to play an important role in guiding MSC homing to the thymus. These studies reveal mechanisms through which MSCs ameliorate cGVHD by boosting thymic regeneration and offer innovative strategies for improving thymus function in patients with GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiabao He
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Xuan
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongtao Xue
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren Lin
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andy Peng Xiang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qifa Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Buxbaum NP, Socié G, Hill GR, MacDonald KPA, Tkachev V, Teshima T, Lee SJ, Ritz J, Sarantopoulos S, Luznik L, Zeng D, Paczesny S, Martin PJ, Pavletic SZ, Schultz KR, Blazar BR. Chronic GvHD NIH Consensus Project Biology Task Force: evolving path to personalized treatment of chronic GvHD. Blood Adv 2023; 7:4886-4902. [PMID: 36322878 PMCID: PMC10463203 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) remains a prominent barrier to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantion as the leading cause of nonrelapse mortality and significant morbidity. Tremendous progress has been achieved in both the understanding of pathophysiology and the development of new therapies for cGvHD. Although our field has historically approached treatment from an empiric position, research performed at the bedside and bench has elucidated some of the complex pathophysiology of cGvHD. From the clinical perspective, there is significant variability of disease manifestations between individual patients, pointing to diverse biological underpinnings. Capitalizing on progress made to date, the field is now focused on establishing personalized approaches to treatment. The intent of this article is to concisely review recent knowledge gained and formulate a path toward patient-specific cGvHD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya P. Buxbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Gerard Socié
- Hematology-Transplantation, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris & University of Paris – INSERM UMR 676, Hospital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Geoffrey R. Hill
- Division of Medical Oncology, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Kelli P. A. MacDonald
- Department of Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Victor Tkachev
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Takanori Teshima
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Stephanie J. Lee
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Stefanie Sarantopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Leo Luznik
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Defu Zeng
- Arthur D. Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, The Beckman Research Institute, Hematologic Maligancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Sophie Paczesny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Cancer Immunology Program, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Paul J. Martin
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Steven Z. Pavletic
- Immune Deficiency Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kirk R. Schultz
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneappolis, MN
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18
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Choi HJ, Yu XZ. ER stress: an emerging regulator in GVHD development. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1212215. [PMID: 37744326 PMCID: PMC10511645 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a promising therapeutic option for hematologic malignancies. However, the clinical benefits of allo-HCT are limited by the development of complications including graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Conditioning regimens, such as chemotherapy and irradiation, which are administered to the patients prior to allo-HCT, can disrupt the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, and induce ER stress in the recipient's cells. The conditioning regimen activates antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which, in turn, activate donor cells, leading to ER stress in the transplanted cells. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that manages ER stress in response to cellular stress. UPR has been identified as a significant regulatory player that influences the function of various immune cells, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs), in various disease progressions. Therefore, targeting the UPR pathway has garnered significant attention as a promising approach for the treatment of numerous diseases, such as cancer, neurodegeneration, diabetes, and inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the current literature regarding the contribution of ER stress response to the development of GVHD in both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. Additionally, we explore the potential therapeutic implications of targeting UPR to enhance the effectiveness of allo-HCT for patients with hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xue-Zhong Yu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Medicine, and the Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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19
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Bernard-Bloch R, Lebrault E, Li X, Sutra Del Galy A, Garcia A, Doliger C, Parietti V, Legembre P, Socié G, Karray S. Ambivalent role of FasL in murine acute graft-versus-host-disease. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:205-211. [PMID: 37013690 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fas ligand is increased in several immune-mediated diseases, including acute graft-versus-host disease, a donor cell-mediated disorder post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In this disease, Fas ligand is involved in T-cell-mediated damage to host tissues. However, the role of its expression on donor non-T cells has, so far, never been addressed. Using a well-established CD4- and CD8-mediated graft-versus-host disease murine model, we found that precocious gut damage and mice mortality are increased with a graft of donor T- and B-depleted bone marrow cells devoid of Fas ligand as compared with their wild-type counterparts. Interestingly, serum levels of both soluble Fas ligand and IL-18 are drastically reduced in the recipients of Fas ligand-deficient grafts, indicating that soluble Fas ligand stems from donor bone marrow-derived cells. In addition, the correlation between the concentrations of these 2 cytokines suggests that IL-18 production arises through a soluble Fas ligand-driven mechanism. These data highlight the importance of Fas ligand-dependent production in IL-18 production and in mitigating acute graft-versus-host disease. Overall, our data reveal the functional duality of Fas ligand according to its source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Bernard-Bloch
- Département d'Immunologie, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Eden Lebrault
- Département of CRIBL, UMR, CNRS 7276, INSERM 1262, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - Xiaofan Li
- Département d'Immunologie, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Sutra Del Galy
- AP-HP, Département d'hématologie-greffe, Hôpital Saint Louis, 1 avenue Claude Villefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Arlette Garcia
- Département d'Immunologie, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Christelle Doliger
- Université de Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Département Technologique, 1 avenue Claude Villefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Parietti
- Département Expérimentation Animale, Université de Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, 1 avenue Claude Villefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Legembre
- Département of CRIBL, UMR, CNRS 7276, INSERM 1262, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - Gérard Socié
- Département d'Immunologie, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Département d'hématologie-greffe, Hôpital Saint Louis, 1 avenue Claude Villefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Saoussen Karray
- Département d'Immunologie, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
- CNRS, Délégation Régionale 01, 7 rue Guy Môquet, 94800 Villejuif, France
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20
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Soleimani M, Mahdavi Sharif P, Cheraqpour K, Koganti R, Masoumi A, Baharnoori SM, Salabati M, Djalilian AR. Ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGVHD): From A to Z. Surv Ophthalmol 2023; 68:697-712. [PMID: 36870423 PMCID: PMC10293080 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a definitive therapy for a variety of disorders. One of the complications is acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), which has a high mortality rate. Patients can also develop chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), a more indolent yet afflicting condition that affects up to 70% of patients. Ocular involvement (oGVHD) is one of the most prevalent presentations of cGVHD and can manifest as dry eye disease, meibomian gland dysfunction, keratitis, and conjunctivitis. Early recognition of ocular involvement using regular clinical assessments as well as robust biomarkers can aid in better management and prevention. Currently, the therapeutic strategies for the management of cGVHD, and oGVHD in particular, have mainly focused on the control of symptoms. There is an unmet need for translating the preclinical and molecular understandings of oGVHD into clinical practice. Herein, we have comprehensively reviewed the pathophysiology, pathologic features, and clinical characteristics of oGVHD and summarized the therapeutic landscape available to combat it. We also discuss the direction of future research regarding a more directed delineation of pathophysiologic underpinnings of oGVHD and the development of preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Soleimani
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pouya Mahdavi Sharif
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kasra Cheraqpour
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raghuram Koganti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ahmad Masoumi
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahbod Baharnoori
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mirataollah Salabati
- Department of Ophthalmology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ali R Djalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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21
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Algeri M, Becilli M, Locatelli F. Ruxolitinib as the first post-steroid treatment for acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2023; 19:1299-1313. [PMID: 37606511 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2249230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) are potentially life-threatening complications occurring after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Although steroids represent the first-line treatment for both conditions, in those patients who do not adequately benefit from steroid therapy, standardized treatment algorithms are lacking. In recent years, ruxolitinib has emerged as the most promising agent for the second-line therapy of steroid-refractory (SR)-GvHD. AREAS COVERED This review will summarize the biological properties and the mechanistic aspects that justify the therapeutic role of ruxolitinib in GvHD. In addition, current treatment options for SR-GvHD will be briefly discussed. Finally, results of the most relevant clinical trials on the use of ruxolitinib for SR-GvHD will be analyzed, with a particular focus on two phase-III randomized trials in which ruxolitinib demonstrated its superiority in comparison with the best available therapy. EXPERT OPINION Ruxolitinib has considerably improved the outcome of patients with SR-acute/chronic-GvHD and should be regarded as the standard-of-care option when corticosteroids fail or cannot be tapered. Nevertheless, a number of questions still remain unanswered and significant room for improvement exists. Additional observations derived from a longer follow-up will certainly increase our expertise in the management of this powerful therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Algeri
- Department of Haematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Health Science, Magna Grecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marco Becilli
- Department of Haematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Haematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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22
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Handelsman S, Overbey J, Chen K, Lee J, Haj D, Li Y. PD-L1's Role in Preventing Alloreactive T Cell Responses Following Hematopoietic and Organ Transplant. Cells 2023; 12:1609. [PMID: 37371079 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) has emerged as a prominent target for cancer immunotherapies. However, its potential as an immunosuppressive therapy has been limited. In this review, we present the immunological basis of graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), followed by a summary of biologically relevant molecular interactions of both PD-L1 and Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1). Finally, we present a translational perspective on how PD-L1 can interrupt alloreactive-driven processes to increase immune tolerance. Unlike most current therapies that block PD-L1 and/or its interaction with PD-1, this review focuses on how upregulation or reversed sequestration of this ligand may reduce autoimmunity, ameliorate GVHD, and enhance graft survival following organ transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Handelsman
- BioMedical Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine (WMed), Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Juliana Overbey
- BioMedical Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine (WMed), Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Kevin Chen
- BioMedical Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine (WMed), Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Justin Lee
- BioMedical Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine (WMed), Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Delour Haj
- BioMedical Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine (WMed), Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Yong Li
- BioMedical Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine (WMed), Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
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23
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T Cell and Cytokine Dynamics in the Blood of Patients after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Administration. Transplant Cell Ther 2023; 29:109.e1-109.e10. [PMID: 36372356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2022.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are currently under intensive investigation for the treatment and prevention of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), owing to their substantial immunomodulatory properties. The responses of recipients to MSC infusion following allo-HSCT are not yet well understood. T cells are central to the adaptive immune system, protecting the organism from infection and malignant cells. Memory T cells with different phenotypes, gene expression profiles, and functional properties are critical for immune processes regulation. The aim of this study was to study the dynamics of memory T cell subpopulations and cytokines in the blood of allo-HSCT recipients after MSC administration. In clinical trial NCT01941394, patients after allo-HSCT were randomized into 2 groups, one receiving standard GVHD prophylaxis and the other also receiving MSC infusion on the day of leukocyte recovery to 1000 cells/μL (engraftment, day E0). Blood samples of patients from both groups were analyzed on days E0, E+3, and E+30. T cell subpopulations were studied by flow cytometry, and cytokine concentrations were evaluated by the Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine Panel. Administration of MSCs to patients on day E0 did not affect the overall dynamics of restoration of absolute numbers and proportions of T and B lymphocytes after 3 and 30 days. At 3 days after MSC injection, only the numbers of CD8+ effector cells (CD8+TE, CD8+TM, and CD8+EM) were found to increase significantly. A significant increase in the number of CD4+ cells after 30 days compared to day E0 was observed only in patients who received MSCs, indicating faster recovery of the CD4+ cell population following MSC injection. An increase in CD8+ cell number by day E+30 was significant regardless of MSC administration. To characterize the immune status of patients following allo-HSCT in more detail, changes in the cytokine concentration in the peripheral blood of patients on days E0, E+3, and E+30 after MSC administration were investigated. On day E+30, significant increases in the numbers of CD4+CM and activated CD4+CD25+ cells were observed. The concentrations of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were increased significantly in patients injected with MSCs. Analysis of growth factor levels showed that in the group of patients who received MSCs, the concentrations of G-CSF, GM-CSF, PDGFbb, FGFb, and IL-5 increased by day E+30. Among the cytokines involved in regulation of the immune response, concentrations of IL-9, eotaxin, IP-10, MCP-1, and MIP-1a were increased after 30 days irrespective of MSC administration. The administration of MSCs exerts a positive effect on the restoration of T cell subpopulations and immune system recovery in patients after allo-HSCT.
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24
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Le Floc'h A, Nagashima K, Birchard D, Scott G, Ben LH, Ajithdoss D, Gayvert K, Romero Hernandez A, Herbin O, Tay A, Farrales P, Korgaonkar CK, Pan H, Shah S, Kamat V, Chatterjee I, Popke J, Oyejide A, Lim WK, Kim JH, Huang T, Franklin M, Olson W, Norton T, Perlee L, Yancopoulos GD, Murphy AJ, Sleeman MA, Orengo JM. Blocking common γ chain cytokine signaling ameliorates T cell-mediated pathogenesis in disease models. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabo0205. [PMID: 36630481 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The common γ chain (γc; IL-2RG) is a subunit of the interleukin (IL) receptors for the γc cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21. The lack of appropriate neutralizing antibodies recognizing IL-2RG has made it difficult to thoroughly interrogate the role of γc cytokines in inflammatory and autoimmune disease settings. Here, we generated a γc cytokine receptor antibody, REGN7257, to determine whether γc cytokines might be targeted for T cell-mediated disease prevention and treatment. Biochemical, structural, and in vitro analysis showed that REGN7257 binds with high affinity to IL-2RG and potently blocks signaling of all γc cytokines. In nonhuman primates, REGN7257 efficiently suppressed T cells without affecting granulocytes, platelets, or red blood cells. Using REGN7257, we showed that γc cytokines drive T cell-mediated disease in mouse models of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and multiple sclerosis by affecting multiple aspects of the pathogenic response. We found that our xenogeneic GVHD mouse model recapitulates hallmarks of acute and chronic GVHD, with T cell expansion/infiltration into tissues and liver fibrosis, as well as hallmarks of immune aplastic anemia, with bone marrow aplasia and peripheral cytopenia. Our findings indicate that γc cytokines contribute to GVHD and aplastic anemia pathology by promoting these characteristic features. By demonstrating that broad inhibition of γc cytokine signaling with REGN7257 protects from immune-mediated disorders, our data provide evidence of γc cytokines as key drivers of pathogenic T cell responses, offering a potential strategy for the management of T cell-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Le Floc'h
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Kirsten Nagashima
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Dylan Birchard
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - George Scott
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Li-Hong Ben
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Dharani Ajithdoss
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Gayvert
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Olivier Herbin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Amanda Tay
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Pamela Farrales
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Hao Pan
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Sweta Shah
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Vishal Kamat
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Ishita Chatterjee
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jon Popke
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Adelekan Oyejide
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Wei Keat Lim
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jee H Kim
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Tammy Huang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Matthew Franklin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - William Olson
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Thomas Norton
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Lorah Perlee
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - George D Yancopoulos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Matthew A Sleeman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jamie M Orengo
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
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25
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Hino C, Xu Y, Xiao J, Baylink DJ, Reeves ME, Cao H. The potential role of the thymus in immunotherapies for acute myeloid leukemia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1102517. [PMID: 36814919 PMCID: PMC9940763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1102517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the factors which shape T-lymphocyte immunity is critical for the development and application of future immunotherapeutic strategies in treating hematological malignancies. The thymus, a specialized central lymphoid organ, plays important roles in generating a diverse T lymphocyte repertoire during the infantile and juvenile stages of humans. However, age-associated thymic involution and diseases or treatment associated injury result in a decline in its continuous role in the maintenance of T cell-mediated anti-tumor/virus immunity. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy that mainly affects older adults, and the disease's progression is known to consist of an impaired immune surveillance including a reduction in naïve T cell output, a restriction in T cell receptor repertoire, and an increase in frequencies of regulatory T cells. As one of the most successful immunotherapies thus far developed for malignancy, T-cell-based adoptive cell therapies could be essential for the development of a durable effective treatment to eliminate residue leukemic cells (blasts) and prevent AML relapse. Thus, a detailed cellular and molecular landscape of how the adult thymus functions within the context of the AML microenvironment will provide new insights into both the immune-related pathogenesis and the regeneration of a functional immune system against leukemia in AML patients. Herein, we review the available evidence supporting the potential correlation between thymic dysfunction and T-lymphocyte impairment with the ontogeny of AML (II-VI). We then discuss how the thymus could impact current and future therapeutic approaches in AML (VII). Finally, we review various strategies to rejuvenate thymic function to improve the precision and efficacy of cancer immunotherapy (VIII).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Yi Xu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey Xiao
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - David J Baylink
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Mark E Reeves
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Huynh Cao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
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26
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Kong X, Wu X, Wang B, Zeng D, Cassady K, Nasri U, Zheng M, Wu A, Qin H, Tsai W, Salhotra A, Nakamura R, Martin PJ, Zeng D. Trafficking between clonally related peripheral T-helper cells and tissue-resident T-helper cells in chronic GVHD. Blood 2022; 140:2740-2753. [PMID: 36084473 PMCID: PMC9935547 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is an autoimmune-like syndrome. CXCR5-PD-1hi peripheral T-helper (Tph) cells have an important pathogenic role in autoimmune diseases, but the role of Tph cells in cGVHD remains unknown. We show that in patients with cGVHD, expansion of Tph cells among blood CD4+ T cells was associated with cGVHD severity. These cells augmented memory B-cell differentiation and production of immunoglobulin G via interleukin 21 (IL-21). Tph cell expansion was also observed in a murine model of cGVHD. This Tph cell expansion in the blood is associated with the expansion of pathogenic tissue-resident T-helper (Trh) cells that form lymphoid aggregates surrounded by collagen in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) target tissues. Adoptive transfer experiments showed that Trh cells from GVHD target tissues give rise to Tph cells in the blood, and conversely, Tph cells from the blood give rise to Trh cells in GVHD target tissues. Tph cells in the blood and Trh cells in GVHD target tissues had highly overlapping T-cell receptor α and β repertoires. Deficiency of IL-21R, B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6), or T-bet in donor T cells markedly reduced the proportions of Tph cells in the blood and Trh cells in GVHD target tissues and reduced T-B interaction in the lymphoid aggregates. These results indicate that clonally related pathogenic Tph cells and Trh cells traffic between the blood and cGVHD target tissues, and that IL-21R-BCL6 signaling and T-bet are required for the development and expansion of Tph and Trh cells in the pathogenesis of cGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Kong
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Department of Integrative Genomics Core, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Bixin Wang
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
- Fujian Medical University Center of Translational Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Deye Zeng
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kaniel Cassady
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Ubaydah Nasri
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Moqian Zheng
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Alyssa Wu
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Hanjun Qin
- Department of Integrative Genomics Core, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Weimin Tsai
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Amandeep Salhotra
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Ryotaro Nakamura
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | | | - Defu Zeng
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
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27
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Li YR, Zeng S, Dunn ZS, Zhou Y, Li Z, Yu J, Wang YC, Ku J, Cook N, Kramer A, Yang L. Off-the-shelf third-party HSC-engineered iNKT cells for ameliorating GvHD while preserving GvL effect in the treatment of blood cancers. iScience 2022; 25:104859. [PMID: 36034226 PMCID: PMC9399487 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Allo-HSCT is a curative therapy for hematologic malignancies owing to GvL effect mediated by alloreactive T cells; however, the same T cells also mediate GvHD, a severe side effect limiting the widespread application of allo-HSCT in clinics. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells can ameliorate GvHD while preserving GvL effect, but the clinical application of these cells is restricted by their scarcity. Here, we report the successful generation of third-party HSC-engineered human iNKT (3rdHSC-iNKT) cells using a method combining HSC gene engineering and in vitro HSC differentiation. The 3rdHSC-iNKT cells closely resembled the CD4-CD8-/+ subsets of endogenous human iNKT cells in phenotype and functionality. These cells displayed potent anti-GvHD functions by eliminating antigen-presenting myeloid cells in vitro and in xenograft models without negatively impacting tumor eradication by allogeneic T cells in preclinical models of lymphoma and leukemia, supporting 3rdHSC-iNKT cells as a promising off-the-shelf cell therapy candidate for GvHD prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Samuel Zeng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zachary Spencer Dunn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jiaji Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yu-Chen Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Josh Ku
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Noah Cook
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Adam Kramer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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28
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Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: Current Status. Transfus Apher Sci 2022; 61:103534. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2022.103534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Song Q, Nasri U, Nakamura R, Martin PJ, Zeng D. Retention of Donor T Cells in Lymphohematopoietic Tissue and Augmentation of Tissue PD-L1 Protection for Prevention of GVHD While Preserving GVL Activity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907673. [PMID: 35677056 PMCID: PMC9168269 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (Allo-HCT) is a curative therapy for hematological malignancies (i.e., leukemia and lymphoma) due to the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) activity mediated by alloreactive T cells that can eliminate residual malignant cells and prevent relapse. However, the same alloreactive T cells can cause a serious side effect, known as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). GVHD and GVL occur in distinct organ and tissues, with GVHD occurring in target organs (e.g., the gut, liver, lung, skin, etc.) and GVL in lympho-hematopoietic tissues where hematological cancer cells primarily reside. Currently used immunosuppressive drugs for the treatment of GVHD inhibit donor T cell activation and expansion, resulting in a decrease in both GVHD and GVL activity that is associated with cancer relapse. To prevent GVHD, it is important to allow full activation and expansion of alloreactive T cells in the lympho-hematopoietic tissues, as well as prevent donor T cells from migrating into the GVHD target tissues, and tolerize infiltrating T cells via protective mechanisms, such as PD-L1 interacting with PD-1, in the target tissues. In this review, we will summarize major approaches that prevent donor T cell migration into GVHD target tissues and approaches that augment tolerization of the infiltrating T cells in the GVHD target tissues while preserving strong GVL activity in the lympho-hematopoietic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiao Song
- Arthur D. Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Unites States.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Unites States.,Fujian Medical University Center of Translational Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, and Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ubaydah Nasri
- Arthur D. Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Unites States.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Unites States
| | - Ryotaro Nakamura
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Unites States
| | - Paul J Martin
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Defu Zeng
- Arthur D. Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Unites States.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Unites States
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Lv K, Hu B, Xu M, Wan L, Jin Z, Xu M, Du Y, Ma K, Lv Q, Xu Y, Lei L, Gong H, Liu H, Wu D, Liu Y. IL-39 promotes chronic graft-versus-host disease by increasing T and B Cell pathogenicity. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:34. [PMID: 35655245 PMCID: PMC9161463 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) remains a major complication during the late phase of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). IL-39, a newly described pro-inflammatory cytokine belonging to the IL-12 family, plays a role in lupus development. Recently, IL-39 has been identified as a pathogenic factor in acute GVHD (aGVHD). However, the role of IL-39 in the pathogenesis of cGVHD remains unclear. METHODS We constructed a recombinant IL-39 plasmid and established scleroderma and lupus-like cGVHD models. Quantitative PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect IL-39 expression in mice and patients post transplantation, respectively. Hydrodynamic gene transfer (HGT) was performed to achieve IL-39 overexpression in vivo. Multiparameter flow cytometry, western blotting, and assays in vitro were performed to investigate the effect of IL-39 on cGVHD. RESULTS The relative expression of IL-23p19 and EBi3 was significantly increased in the intestine of cGVHD mice on day 40 post allo-HSCT, and IL-39 levels were significantly elevated in the serum of patients following allo-HSCT. Overexpression of IL-39 significantly aggravated the severity of cGVHD. Increased IL-39 levels promoted T-cell activation and germinal center responses, and may exacerbate thymic damage. Consistently, blocking IL-39 markedly ameliorated immune dysregulation in the cGVHD mice. Furthermore, we found that IL-39 was produced by B cells, CD11b+ cells, and CD8+T cells after activation. Stimulation of IL-39 led to upregulation of the IL-39 receptor on CD4+T cells and further caused activation of the STAT1/STAT3 pathway, through which IL-39 may exert its pro-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSION Our study reveals a critical role for IL-39 in cGVHD pathogenesis and indicates that IL-39 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for cGVHD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Lv
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizi Street 188, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingzhu Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizi Street 188, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziqi Jin
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mimi Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizi Street 188, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Du
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizi Street 188, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kunpeng Ma
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Quansheng Lv
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizi Street 188, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizi Street 188, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huanle Gong
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, Immunology Translational Research ProgramYong Loo Lin School of MedicineImmunology ProgramNational University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Depei Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizi Street 188, Suzhou, 215006, China. .,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yuejun Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizi Street 188, Suzhou, 215006, China. .,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Wu Y, Mealer C, Schutt S, Wilson CL, Bastian D, Sofi MH, Zhang M, Luo Z, Choi HJ, Yang K, Tian L, Nguyen H, Helke K, Schnapp LM, Wang H, Yu XZ. MicroRNA-31 regulates T-cell metabolism via HIF1α and promotes chronic GVHD pathogenesis in mice. Blood Adv 2022; 6:3036-3052. [PMID: 35073581 PMCID: PMC9131913 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) remains a major obstacle impeding successful allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). MicroRNAs (miRs) play key roles in immune regulation during acute GVHD development. Preclinical studies to identify miRs that affect cGVHD pathogenesis are required to develop these as potential lifesaving interventions. Using oligonucleotide array, we identified miR-31, which was significantly elevated in allogeneic T cells after HCT in mice. Using genetic and pharmacologic approaches, we demonstrated a key role for miR-31 in mediating donor T-cell pathogenicity in cGVHD. Recipients of miR-31-deficient T cells displayed improved cutaneous and pulmonary cGVHD. Deficiency of miR-31 reduced T-cell expansion and T helper 17 (Th17) cell differentiation but increased generation and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). MiR-31 facilitated neuropilin-1 downregulation, Foxp3 loss, and interferon-γ production in alloantigen-induced Tregs. Mechanistically, miR-31 was required for hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) upregulation in allogeneic T cells. Therefore, miR-31-deficient CD4 T cells displayed impaired activation, survival, Th17 cell differentiation, and glycolytic metabolism under hypoxia. Upregulation of factor-inhibiting HIF1, a direct target of miR-31, in miR-31-deficient T cells was essential for attenuating T-cell pathogenicity. However, miR-31-deficient CD8 T cells maintained intact glucose metabolism, cytolytic activity, and graft-versus-leukemia response. Importantly, systemic administration of a specific inhibitor of miR-31 effectively reduced donor T-cell expansion, improved Treg generation, and attenuated cGVHD. Taken together, miR-31 is a key driver for T-cell pathogenicity in cGVHD but not for antileukemia activity. MiR-31 is essential in driving cGVHD pathogenesis and represents a novel potential therapeutic target for controlling cGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Wu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Corey Mealer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Steven Schutt
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | | | - David Bastian
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - M. Hanief Sofi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Zhenwu Luo
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Hee-Jin Choi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Kaipo Yang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Linlu Tian
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Kris Helke
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | | | - Honglin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Zhong Yu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; and
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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Ceramide synthase 6 impacts T-cell allogeneic response and graft-versus-host disease through regulating N-RAS/ERK pathway. Leukemia 2022; 36:1907-1915. [PMID: 35513703 PMCID: PMC9256768 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01581-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is an effective immunotherapy for various hematologic malignances, predominantly through potent graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. However, the mortality after allo-HCT is because of relapse of primary malignancy and followed by graft-vs-host-disease (GVHD) as a major cause of transplant-related mortality. Hence, strategies to limit GVHD while preserving the GVL effect are highly desirable. Ceramide, which serves a central role in sphingolipid metabolism, is generated by ceramide synthases (CerS1–6). In this study, we found that genetic or pharmacologic targeting of CerS6 prevented and reversed chronic GVHD (cGVHD). Furthermore, specific inhibition of CerS6 with ST1072 significantly ameliorated acute GVHD (aGVHD) while preserving the GVL effect, which differed from FTY720 that attenuated aGVHD but impaired GVL activity. At the cellular level, blockade of CerS6 restrained donor T cells from migrating into GVHD target organs and preferentially reduced activation of donor CD4 T cells. At the molecular level, CerS6 was required for optimal TCR signaling, CD3/PKCθ co-localization, and subsequent N-RAS activation and ERK signaling, especially on CD4+ T cells. The current study provides rationale and means for targeting CerS6 to control GVHD and leukemia relapse, which would enhance the efficacy of allo-HCT as an immunotherapy for hematologic malignancies in the clinic.
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Agbogan VA, Gastineau P, Tejerina E, Karray S, Zavala F. CpG-Activated Regulatory B-Cell Progenitors Alleviate Murine Graft-Versus-Host-Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:790564. [PMID: 35479094 PMCID: PMC9035844 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.790564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) represents a major impediment in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The observation that the presence of bone marrow and circulating hematogones correlated with reduced GVHD risks prompted us to evaluate whether B-cell progenitors, which provide protection in various autoimmune disease models following activation with the TLR-9 agonist CpG (CpG-proBs), could likewise reduce this allogeneic disorder. In a murine model of GVHD that recapitulates an initial phase of acute GVHD followed by a phase of chronic sclerodermatous GVHD, we found that CpG-proBs, adoptively transferred during the initial phase of disease, reduced the diarrhea score and mostly prevented cutaneous fibrosis. Progenitors migrated to the draining lymph nodes and to the skin where they mainly differentiated into follicular B cells. CpG activation and IFN-γ expression were required for the protective effect, which resulted in reduced CD4+ T-cell-derived production of critical cytokines such as TGF-β, IL-13 and IL-21. Adoptive transfer of CpG-proBs increased the T follicular regulatory to T follicular helper (Tfr/Tfh) ratio. Moreover, CpG-proBs privileged the accumulation of IL-10-positive CD8+ T cells, B cells and dendritic cells in the skin. However, CpG-proBs did not improve survival. Altogether, our findings support the notion that adoptively transferred CpG-proBs exert immunomodulating effect that alleviates symptoms of GVHD but require additional anti-inflammatory strategy to improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane A. Agbogan
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR8152, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France
| | - Pauline Gastineau
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR8152, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Tejerina
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR8152, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France
| | - Saoussen Karray
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis (IRSL), Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Flora Zavala
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR8152, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Flora Zavala, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-2338-6802
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Jiang Q, Yong X, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Mei G, Chen Q, Wu T, Tao R. The oral histopathological and immunological characteristics of a xenogeneic mouse chronic graft-versus-host disease model. J Oral Pathol Med 2021; 51:369-378. [PMID: 34767661 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral lesions are important clinical manifestations of chronic graft-verse-host disease (cGVHD). However, the oral characteristics of cGVHD mouse model are not yet clear. This study aims to demonstrate oral histopathological and immunological characteristics of a xenogeneic cGVHD mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.5 × 106 , 5.0 × 106 , 7.5 × 106 , and 10.0 × 106 human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) were intravenously transplanted into NCG mice to induce cGVHD. After transplantation, clinical observations were recorded. Tissue samples from salivary glands and oral mucosa were stained with H&E, Masson Trichrome, and immunofluorescence, and the histopathology of oral tissues was scored according to our modified criteria. RESULTS NCG mice showed signs of cGVHD onset after transplantation. The oral histopathological lesion incidences in each group were 37.50%, 50.00%, 62.50%, and 75.00%, respectively. Oral histopathological lesion incidence and histopathological scores were positively correlated with the amount of infused hPBMCs. Epithelial atrophy, epithelial cells vacuolar degeneration, and basal cells liquefaction denaturation were observed in oral mucosa, and acinar destruction and collagen deposition were observed in the salivary glands. Human CD45+ , CD4+ , CD8+ , IL-17+ , and FoxP3+ cells infiltrated into oral tissues. In the 5.0 × 106 hPBMCs group, oral histopathological changes mainly began between days 30 and 45 post-transplantation, and became more severe after day 45. The oral histopathological scores also gradually increased. CONCLUSION Inflammation in oral mucosa epithelium and salivary glands, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells dominating infiltration are the main oral features in the xenogeneic cGVHD mouse model. The severity of oral histopathological lesions shows a dose and time correlation. These may be helpful to oral cGVHD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaozhi Jiang
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Health Commission Key laboratory of prevention and treatment for oral infectious diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiangzhi Yong
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Health Commission Key laboratory of prevention and treatment for oral infectious diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhenmin Liu
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Health Commission Key laboratory of prevention and treatment for oral infectious diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuxi Zhou
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guocheng Mei
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Health Commission Key laboratory of prevention and treatment for oral infectious diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Renchuan Tao
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Health Commission Key laboratory of prevention and treatment for oral infectious diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Bastian D, Sui X, Nguyen HD, Wu Y, Schutt S, Tian L, Sofi MH, Liu Y, Martin P, Bartee E, Yu XZ. Interleukin-23 receptor signaling by interleukin-39 potentiates T cell pathogenicity in acute graft-versus-host disease. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:3538-3549. [PMID: 33934505 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
IL-12 (p35/p40) and IL-23 (p19/p40) signal through IL-12R (IL-12Rβ2/β1) and IL-23R (IL-23Rα/IL-12Rβ1), respectively, which can promote pathogenic T lymphocyte activation, differentiation, and function in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). With the use of murine models of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), we found that IL-12Rβ1 on donor T cells was dispensable to induce acute GVHD development in certain circumstances, while IL-23Rα was commonly required. This observation challenges the current paradigm regarding IL-12Rβ1 as a prerequisite to transmit IL-23 signaling. We hypothesized that p19/EBI3 (IL-39) may have an important role during acute GVHD. With the use of gene transfection and immunoprecipitation approaches, we verified that p19 and EBI3 can form biological heterodimers. We found that IL-39 levels in recipient serum positively correlated with development of acute GVHD in experimental models and in clinical settings, thereby implicating IL-39 in the pathogenesis of acute GVHD. Furthermore, we observed that human T cells can signal in response to IL-39. In chronic GVHD, IL-23Rα and IL-12Rβ1 were similarly required for donor T cell pathogenicity, and IL-39 levels were not significantly different from controls without GVHD. Collectively, we identify a novel cytokine, IL-39, as a pathogenic factor in acute GVHD, which represents a novel potential therapeutic target to control GVHD and other inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bastian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Xiaohui Sui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Hung Dang Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Yongxia Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Steven Schutt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Linlu Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Mohammed Hanief Sofi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Yuejun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Paul Martin
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eric Bartee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Xue-Zhong Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Delayed administration of ixazomib modifies the immune response and prevents chronic graft-versus-host disease. Bone Marrow Transplant 2021; 56:3049-3058. [PMID: 34556806 PMCID: PMC8636253 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-021-01452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to modify the immune response in the long term after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) by using the proteasome inhibitor ixazomib (IXZ) at the late stages of the post-transplant period. This approach facilitated the immune reconstitution after transplantation. IXZ significantly prolonged survival and decreased the risk of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) in two different murine models without hampering the graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect, as confirmed by bioluminescence assays. Remarkably, the use of IXZ was related to an increase of regulatory T cells both in peripheral blood and in the GvHD target organs and a decrease of effector donor T cells. Regarding B cells, IXZ treated mice had faster recovery of B cells in PB and of pre-pro-B cells in the bone marrow. Mice receiving ixazomib had a lower number of neutrophils in the GvHD target organs as compared to the vehicle group. In summary, delayed administration of IXZ ameliorated cGvHD while preserving GvL and promoted a pro-tolerogenic immune response after allo-BMT.
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Song Q, Kong X, Martin PJ, Zeng D. Murine Models Provide New Insights Into Pathogenesis of Chronic Graft- Versus-Host Disease in Humans. Front Immunol 2021; 12:700857. [PMID: 34539630 PMCID: PMC8446193 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.700857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a curative therapy for hematologic malignancies, but its success is complicated by graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). GVHD can be divided into acute and chronic types. Acute GVHD represents an acute alloimmune inflammatory response initiated by donor T cells that recognize recipient alloantigens. Chronic GVHD has a more complex pathophysiology involving donor-derived T cells that recognize recipient-specific antigens, donor-specific antigens, and antigens shared by the recipient and donor. Antibodies produced by donor B cells contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic GVHD but not acute GVHD. Acute GVHD can often be effectively controlled by treatment with corticosteroids or other immunosuppressant for a period of weeks, but successful control of chronic GVHD requires much longer treatment. Therefore, chronic GVHD remains the major cause of long-term morbidity and mortality after allo-HCT. Murine models of allo-HCT have made great contributions to our understanding pathogenesis of acute and chronic GVHD. In this review, we summarize new mechanistic findings from murine models of chronic GVHD, and we discuss the relevance of these insights to chronic GVHD pathogenesis in humans and their potential impact on clinical prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiao Song
- Riggs Institute, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.,Fujian Medical University Center of Translational Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Kong
- Riggs Institute, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Paul J Martin
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Defu Zeng
- Riggs Institute, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
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Ikegawa S, Matsuoka KI. Harnessing Treg Homeostasis to Optimize Posttransplant Immunity: Current Concepts and Future Perspectives. Front Immunol 2021; 12:713358. [PMID: 34526990 PMCID: PMC8435715 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.713358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are functionally distinct subsets of mature T cells with broad suppressive activity and have been shown to play an important role in the establishment of immune tolerance after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Tregs exhibit an activated phenotype from the stage of emigration from the thymus and maintain continuous proliferation in the periphery. The distinctive feature in homeostasis enables Tregs to respond sensitively to small environmental changes and exert necessary and sufficient immune suppression; however, on the other hand, it also predisposes Tregs to be susceptible to apoptosis in the inflammatory condition post-transplant. Our studies have attempted to define the intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting Treg homeostasis from the acute to chronic phases after allogeneic HSCT. We have found that altered cytokine environment in the prolonged post-HSCT lymphopenia or peri-transplant use of immune checkpoint inhibitors could hamper Treg reconstitution, leading to refractory graft-versus-host disease. Using murine models and clinical trials, we have also demonstrated that proper intervention with low-dose interleukin-2 or post-transplant cyclophosphamide could restore Treg homeostasis and further amplify the suppressive function after HSCT. The purpose of this review is to reconsider the distinctive characteristics of post-transplant Treg homeostasis and discuss how to harness Treg homeostasis to optimize posttransplant immunity for developing a safe and efficient therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Ikegawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ken-Ichi Matsuoka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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39
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Kong X, Zeng D, Wu X, Wang B, Yang S, Song Q, Zhu Y, Salas M, Qin H, Nasri U, Haas KM, Riggs AD, Nakamura R, Martin PJ, Huang A, Zeng D. Tissue-resident PSGL1loCD4+ T cells promote B cell differentiation and chronic graft-versus-host disease-associated autoimmunity. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:135468. [PMID: 32931481 DOI: 10.1172/jci135468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cell interactions with B cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus and chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). Extrafollicular CD44hiCD62LloPSGL1loCD4+ T cells (PSGL1loCD4+ T cells) are associated with the pathogenesis of lupus and cGVHD, but their causal role has not been established. With murine and humanized MHC-/-HLA-A2+DR4+ murine models of cGVHD, we showed that murine and human PSGL1loCD4+ T cells from GVHD target tissues have features of B cell helpers with upregulated expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) and inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS) and production of IL-21. They reside in nonlymphoid tissues without circulating in the blood and have features of tissue-resident memory T cells with upregulated expression of CD69. Murine PSGL1loCD4+ T cells from GVHD target tissues augmented B cell differentiation into plasma cells and production of autoantibodies via their PD1 interaction with PD-L2 on B cells. Human PSGL1loCD4+ T cells were apposed with memory B cells in the liver tissues of humanized mice and cGVHD patients. Human PSGL1loCD4+ T cells from humanized GVHD target tissues also augmented autologous memory B cell differentiation into plasma cells and antibody production in a PD1/PD-L2-dependent manner. Further preclinical studies targeting tissue-resident T cells to treat antibody-mediated features of autoimmune diseases are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Kong
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, the Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Deye Zeng
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, the Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Pathology at School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Oncology and Diagnostic Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Department of Integrative Genomics Core, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Bixin Wang
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, the Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Fujian Medical University Center of Translational Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shijie Yang
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, the Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingxiao Song
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, the Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Fujian Medical University Center of Translational Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongping Zhu
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, the Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Martha Salas
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, the Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Hanjun Qin
- Department of Integrative Genomics Core, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Ubaydah Nasri
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, the Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Karen M Haas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Arthur D Riggs
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, the Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Ryotaro Nakamura
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Paul J Martin
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Aimin Huang
- Department of Pathology at School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Oncology and Diagnostic Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Defu Zeng
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, the Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
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40
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Sharma H, Moroni L. Recent Advancements in Regenerative Approaches for Thymus Rejuvenation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2100543. [PMID: 34306981 PMCID: PMC8292900 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The thymus plays a key role in adaptive immunity by generating a diverse population of T cells that defend the body against pathogens. Various factors from disease and toxic insults contribute to the degeneration of the thymus resulting in a fewer output of T cells. Consequently, the body is prone to a wide host of diseases and infections. In this review, first, the relevance of the thymus is discussed, followed by thymic embryological organogenesis and anatomy as well as the development and functionality of T cells. Attempts to regenerate the thymus include in vitro methods, such as forming thymic organoids aided by biofabrication techniques that are transplantable. Ex vivo methods that have shown promise in enhancing thymic regeneration are also discussed. Current regenerative technologies have not yet matched the complexity and functionality of the thymus. Therefore, emerging techniques that have shown promise and the challenges that lie ahead are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himal Sharma
- MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Complex Tissue RegenerationMaastricht UniversityMaastricht6229 ERNetherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Complex Tissue RegenerationMaastricht UniversityMaastricht6229 ERNetherlands
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Wang D, Liu Y, Lai X, Chen J, Cheng Q, Ma X, Lin Z, Wu D, Xu Y. Efficiency and Toxicity of Ruxolitinib as a Salvage Treatment for Steroid-Refractory Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:673636. [PMID: 34276662 PMCID: PMC8278571 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.673636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), especially steroid-refractory GVHD, remains a life-threatening complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The effect of the JAK1/2 kinase inhibitor ruxolitinib on treating steroid-refractory acute GVHD has been verified by the REACH1/2 study; however, its safety and efficacy in patients with steroid-refractory chronic GVHD (SR-cGVHD) remain unclear. In this retrospective study, 70 patients received ruxolitinib as a salvage therapy for SR-cGVHD. Twenty-four weeks after ruxolitinib treatment, the overall response rate (ORR) was 74.3% (52/70), including 34 patients who achieved complete remission (CR) and 18 who achieved partial remission (PR). The main adverse event was cytopenia, which occurred in 51.4% (36/70) of patients. After ruxolitinib treatment, the percentage of CD4 cells increased from 18.20% to 23.22% (P<0.001), while the percentages of NK (CD16+CD56+) cells and regulatory T cells (CD4+CD127 ± CD25+) decreased (P<0.001, P<0.001). Among the B cell subsets, the proportion of total B cells approximately tripled from 3.69% to 11.16% (P<0.001). Moreover, we observed a significant increase in IL-10 levels after ruxolitinib treatment (P=0.025) and a remarkable decrease in levels of suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) from 229.90 ng/ml to 72.65 ng/ml. The median follow-up after the initiation of ruxolitinib treatment was 401 (6-1076) days. The estimated one-year overall survival rate of the whole group was 66.0% (54.4-77.6%, 95% CI), and the one-year overall survival rate of patients with mild and moderate cGVHD was 69.6% (57.4-81.8%, 95% CI), which was better than that of patients with severe cGVHD (31.3%, 0.0-66.2%, 95% CI) (P=0.002). Patients who achieved a CR and PR achieved better survival outcomes (84.5%, 73.9-95.1%, 95% CI) than those who showed NR to ruxolitinib treatments (16.7%, 0-34.3%, 95% CI) (P<0.001). At the final follow-up, cGVHD relapse occurred in six patients after they reduced or continued their ruxolitinib doses. Collectively, our results suggest that ruxolitinib is potentially a safe and effective treatment for SR-cGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yin Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Lai
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiao Cheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, Soochow Hopes Hematonosis Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Lin
- Soochow Yongding Hospital, Department of Affiliated Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Depei Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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42
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BAFF promotes heightened BCR responsiveness and manifestations of chronic GVHD after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Blood 2021; 137:2544-2557. [PMID: 33534893 PMCID: PMC8109011 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020008040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) have increased B cell-activating factor (BAFF) levels, but whether BAFF promotes disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) remains unknown. In a major histocompatibility complex-mismatched model with cGVHD-like manifestations, we first examined B-lymphopenic μMT allo-BMT recipients and found that increased BAFF levels in cGVHD mice were not merely a reflection of B-cell number. Mice that later developed cGVHD had significantly increased numbers of recipient fibroblastic reticular cells with higher BAFF transcript levels. Increased BAFF production by donor cells also likely contributed to cGVHD, because BAFF transcript in CD4+ T cells from diseased mice and patients was increased. cGVHD manifestations in mice were associated with high BAFF/B-cell ratios and persistence of B-cell receptor (BCR)-activated B cells in peripheral blood and lesional tissue. By employing BAFF transgenic (Tg) mice donor cells, we addressed whether high BAFF contributed to BCR activation in cGVHD. BAFF increased NOTCH2 expression on B cells, augmenting BCR responsiveness to surrogate antigen and NOTCH ligand. BAFF Tg B cells had significantly increased protein levels of the proximal BCR signaling molecule SYK, and high SYK protein was maintained by BAFF after in vitro BCR activation or when alloantigen was present in vivo. Using T cell-depleted (BM only) BAFF Tg donors, we found that BAFF promoted cGVHD manifestations, circulating GL7+ B cells, and alloantibody production. We demonstrate that pathologic production of BAFF promotes an altered B-cell compartment and augments BCR responsiveness. Our findings compel studies of therapeutic targeting of BAFF and BCR pathways in patients with cGVHD.
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43
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Mammadli M, Huang W, Harris R, Xiong H, Weeks S, May A, Gentile T, Henty-Ridilla J, Waickman AT, August A, Bah A, Karimi M. Targeting SLP76:ITK interaction separates GVHD from GVL in allo-HSCT. iScience 2021; 24:102286. [PMID: 33851101 PMCID: PMC8024657 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a curative therapy for hematological malignancies, due to graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) activity mediated by alloreactive donor T cells. However, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is also mediated by these cells. Here, we assessed the effect of attenuating TCR-mediated SLP76:ITK interaction in GVL vs. GVHD effects after allo-HSCT. CD8+ and CD4+ donor T cells from mice expressing a Y145F mutation in SLP-76 did not cause GVHD but preserved GVL effects against B-ALL cells. SLP76Y145FKI CD8+ and CD4+ donor T cells also showed less inflammatory cytokine production and migration to GVHD target organs. We developed a novel peptide to specifically inhibit SLP76:ITK interactions, resulting in decreased phosphorylation of PLCγ1 and ERK, decreased cytokine production in human T cells, and separation of GVHD from GVL effects. Altogether, our data suggest that inhibiting SLP76:ITK interaction could be a therapeutic strategy to separate GVHD from GVL effects after allo-HSCT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahinbanu Mammadli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 766 Irving Avenue, Weiskotten Hall Suite 2281, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Weishan Huang
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Rebecca Harris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 766 Irving Avenue, Weiskotten Hall Suite 2281, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Hui Xiong
- Department of Radiology, Jiangxi Health Vocational College, Nanchang, 330052, China
| | - Samuel Weeks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 766 Irving Avenue, Weiskotten Hall Suite 2281, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Adriana May
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 766 Irving Avenue, Weiskotten Hall Suite 2281, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Teresa Gentile
- Division of Hematology, translational research, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse NY 13210, USA
| | - Jessica Henty-Ridilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Adam T. Waickman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 766 Irving Avenue, Weiskotten Hall Suite 2281, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Avery August
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Alaji Bah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Mobin Karimi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 766 Irving Avenue, Weiskotten Hall Suite 2281, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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Williams KM, Inamoto Y, Im A, Hamilton B, Koreth J, Arora M, Pusic I, Mays JW, Carpenter PA, Luznik L, Reddy P, Ritz J, Greinix H, Paczesny S, Blazar BR, Pidala J, Cutler C, Wolff D, Schultz KR, Pavletic SZ, Lee SJ, Martin PJ, Socie G, Sarantopoulos S. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Project on Criteria for Clinical Trials in Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease: I. The 2020 Etiology and Prevention Working Group Report. Transplant Cell Ther 2021; 27:452-466. [PMID: 33877965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2021.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Preventing chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains challenging because the unique cellular and molecular pathways that incite chronic GVHD are poorly understood. One major point of intervention for potential prevention of chronic GVHD occurs at the time of transplantation when acute donor anti-recipient immune responses first set the events in motion that result in chronic GVHD. After transplantation, additional insults causing tissue injury can incite aberrant immune responses and loss of tolerance, further contributing to chronic GVHD. Points of intervention are actively being identified so that chronic GVHD initiation pathways can be targeted without affecting immune function. The major objective in the field is to continue basic studies and to translate what is learned about etiopathology to develop targeted prevention strategies that decrease the risk of morbid chronic GVHD without increasing the risks of cancer relapse or infection. Development of strategies to predict the risk of developing debilitating or deadly chronic GVHD is a high research priority. This working group recommends further interrogation into the mechanisms underpinning chronic GVHD development, and we highlight considerations for future trial design in prevention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M Williams
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yoshihiro Inamoto
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Annie Im
- Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Betty Hamilton
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - John Koreth
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mukta Arora
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Iskra Pusic
- BMT and Leukemia Section, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jacqueline W Mays
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul A Carpenter
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Leo Luznik
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pavan Reddy
- Divsion of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hildegard Greinix
- Clinical Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sophie Paczesny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Joseph Pidala
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Immunotherapy, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Corey Cutler
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Wolff
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kirk R Schultz
- Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steven Z Pavletic
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephanie J Lee
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Paul J Martin
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Gerard Socie
- Hematology Transplantation, Saint Louis Hospital, AP-HP, and University of Paris, INSERM U976, Paris, France.
| | - Stefanie Sarantopoulos
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina.
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45
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Hong C, Jin R, Dai X, Gao X. Functional Contributions of Antigen Presenting Cells in Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:614183. [PMID: 33717098 PMCID: PMC7943746 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.614183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is one of the most common reasons of late non-relapse morbidity and mortality of patients with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). While acute GVHD is considered driven by a pathogenic T cell dominant mechanism, the pathogenesis of cGVHD is much complicated and involves participation of a variety of immune cells other than pathogenic T cells. Existing studies have revealed that antigen presenting cells (APCs) play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of cGVHD. APCs could not only present auto- and alloantigens to prime and activate pathogenic T cells, but also directly mediate the pathogenesis of cGVHD via multiple mechanisms including infiltration into tissues/organs, production of inflammatory cytokines as well as auto- and alloantibodies. The studies of this field have led to several therapies targeting different APCs with promising results. This review will focus on the important roles of APCs and their contributions in the pathophysiology of cGVHD after allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hong
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rong Jin
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Dai
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Gao
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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46
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Granadier D, Iovino L, Kinsella S, Dudakov JA. Dynamics of thymus function and T cell receptor repertoire breadth in health and disease. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:119-134. [PMID: 33608819 PMCID: PMC7894242 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00840-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
T cell recognition of unknown antigens relies on the tremendous diversity of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire; generation of which can only occur in the thymus. TCR repertoire breadth is thus critical for not only coordinating the adaptive response against pathogens but also for mounting a response against malignancies. However, thymic function is exquisitely sensitive to negative stimuli, which can come in the form of acute insult, such as that caused by stress, infection, or common cancer therapies; or chronic damage such as the progressive decline in thymic function with age. Whether it be prolonged T cell deficiency after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) or constriction in the breadth of the peripheral TCR repertoire with age; these insults result in poor adaptive immune responses. In this review, we will discuss the importance of thymic function for generation of the TCR repertoire and how acute and chronic thymic damage influences immune health. We will also discuss methods that are used to measure thymic function in patients and strategies that have been developed to boost thymic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Granadier
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Iovino
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sinéad Kinsella
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jarrod A Dudakov
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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47
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Sofi MH, Wu Y, Ticer T, Schutt S, Bastian D, Choi HJ, Tian L, Mealer C, Liu C, Westwater C, Armeson KE, Alekseyenko AV, Yu XZ. A single strain of Bacteroides fragilis protects gut integrity and reduces GVHD. JCI Insight 2021; 6:136841. [PMID: 33554953 PMCID: PMC7934839 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a pathological process caused by an exaggerated donor lymphocyte response to host antigens after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Donor T cells undergo extensive clonal expansion and differentiation, which culminate in damage to recipient target organs. Damage to the gastrointestinal tract is a main contributor to morbidity and mortality. The loss of diversity among intestinal bacteria caused by pretransplant conditioning regimens leads to an outgrowth of opportunistic pathogens and exacerbated GVHD after allo-HCT. Using murine models of allo-HCT, we found that an increase of Bacteroides in the intestinal microbiota of the recipients was associated with reduced GVHD in mice given fecal microbial transplantation. Administration of Bacteroides fragilis through oral gavage increased gut microbiota diversity and beneficial commensal bacteria and significantly ameliorated acute and chronic GVHD development. Preservation of gut integrity following B. fragilis exposure was likely attributed to increased short chain fatty acids, IL-22, and regulatory T cells, which in turn improved gut tight junction integrity and reduced inflammatory cytokine production of pathogenic T cells. The current study provides a proof of concept that a single strain of commensal bacteria can be a safe and effective means to protect gut integrity and ameliorate GVHD after allo-HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hanief Sofi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Yongxia Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Taylor Ticer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Steven Schutt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - David Bastian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Hee-Jin Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Linlu Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Corey Mealer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Caroline Westwater
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kent E Armeson
- Biomedical Informatics Center and Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, and Department of Healthcare Leadership & Management, College of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Alexander V Alekseyenko
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Biomedical Informatics Center and Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, and Department of Healthcare Leadership & Management, College of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Xue-Zhong Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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48
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Bai MC, Wu JJ, Miao KR, Zhu JF, Mao HJ. Nephrotic syndrome in syngeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:614-622. [PMID: 33553399 PMCID: PMC7829719 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i3.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is widely used in the treatment of hematological diseases. However, complications after transplantation, such as acute and chronic graft-vs-host disease (GVHD), still seriously affect the quality of life and even threaten the lives of patients. There is evidence that glomerular diseases can manifest as GVHD. However, GVHD should not occur as a result of syngeneic HSCT.
CASE SUMMARY A 20-year-old male diagnosed with T lymphoblastic lymphoma (stage IIIA, aaIPI 1) in September 2013 was treated with six cycles of hyper-CVAD and achieved complete remission. He underwent syngeneic HSCT in June 2014, and had no kidney disease history before the transplant. However, nephrotic syndrome occurred 24 mo later in the patient after syngeneic HSCT. Renal biopsy was performed, which led to a diagnosis of atypical membranous nephropathy. After treatment with glucocorticoids combined with cyclophosphamide and cyclosporine, the nephrotic syndrome was completely relieved.
CONCLUSION We report a case of delayed nephrotic syndrome after syngeneic HSCT. Antibody-mediated autoimmune glomerular disease may be the underlying mechanism. After treatment with immunosuppressive agents, the nephrotic syndrome was completely relieved but further long-term follow-up is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chuan Bai
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kou-Rong Miao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing-Feng Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui-Juan Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
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49
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Graft-versus-host disease develops in mice transplanted with lymphocyte-depleted bone marrow cells from signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 transgenic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 537:118-124. [PMID: 33388414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the most frequent complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and is one of the major causes of non-relapse mortality. Transferred mature lymphocytes are thought to be responsible for GVHD based on the findings that mice transplanted with lymphocyte-depleted bone marrow (BM) cells from MHC-mismatched donors do not develop GVHD. However, we found that overexpression of signal-transducing adaptor protein (STAP)-2 in lymphoid cells could induce GVHD after lymphocyte-depleted BM transplantation. To examine the function of STAP-2, which has been shown to play an important role in development and function of lymphocytes, in GVHD, we transplanted BM cells from STAP-2 deficient, or Lck promoter/IgH enhancer-driven STAP-2 transgenic (Tg) mice into MHC-mismatched recipients. Unexpectedly, mice transplanted with lymphocyte-depleted BM cells from STAP-2 Tg mice developed severe acute GVHD with extensive colitis and atrophy of thymus, while no obvious GVHD developed in mice transplanted with the wild type or STAP-2 deficient graft. Furthermore, mice transplanted with lymphocyte-depleted BM cells from the syngeneic STAP-2 Tg mice developed modest GVHD with colitis and atrophy of thymus. These results suggest that STAP-2 overexpression may enhance survival of allo-, and even auto-, reactive lymphocytes derived from engrafted hematopoietic progenitor cells in lethally irradiated mice, and that clarification of the mechanism may help understanding induction of immune tolerance after HSCT.
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50
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Dertschnig S, Evans P, Santos E Sousa P, Manzo T, Ferrer IR, Stauss HJ, Bennett CL, Chakraverty R. Graft-versus-host disease reduces lymph node display of tissue-restricted self-antigens and promotes autoimmunity. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1896-1911. [PMID: 31917684 PMCID: PMC7108931 DOI: 10.1172/jci133102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is initially triggered by alloreactive T cells, which damage peripheral tissues and lymphoid organs. Subsequent transition to chronic GVHD involves the emergence of autoimmunity, although the underlying mechanisms driving this process are unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that acute GVHD blocks peripheral tolerance of autoreactive T cells by impairing lymph node (LN) display of peripheral tissue–restricted antigens (PTAs). At the initiation of GVHD, LN fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) rapidly reduced expression of genes regulated by DEAF1, an autoimmune regulator-like transcription factor required for intranodal expression of PTAs. Subsequently, GVHD led to the selective elimination of the FRC population, and blocked the repair pathways required for its regeneration. We used a transgenic mouse model to show that the loss of presentation of an intestinal PTA by FRCs during GVHD resulted in the activation of autoaggressive T cells and gut injury. Finally, we show that FRCs normally expressed a unique PTA gene signature that was highly enriched for genes expressed in the target organs affected by chronic GVHD. In conclusion, acute GVHD damages and prevents repair of the FRC network, thus disabling an essential platform for purging autoreactive T cells from the repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dertschnig
- UCL Cancer Institute, and.,Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela Evans
- UCL Cancer Institute, and.,Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Santos E Sousa
- UCL Cancer Institute, and.,Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ivana R Ferrer
- UCL Cancer Institute, and.,Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hans J Stauss
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clare L Bennett
- UCL Cancer Institute, and.,Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ronjon Chakraverty
- UCL Cancer Institute, and.,Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
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