1
|
Saxena R, Bushey RT, Campa MJ, Gottlin EB, Guo J, Patz EF, He YW. Promotion of an Antitumor Immune Program by a Tumor-specific, Complement-activating Antibody. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1589-1601. [PMID: 38558134 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-targeting Abs can be used to initiate an antitumor immune program, which appears essential to achieve a long-term durable clinical response to cancer. We previously identified an anti-complement factor H (CFH) autoantibody associated with patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. We cloned from their peripheral B cells an mAb, GT103, that specifically recognizes CFH on tumor cells. Although the underlying mechanisms are not well defined, GT103 targets a conformationally distinct CFH epitope that is created when CFH is associated with tumor cells, kills tumor cells in vitro, and has potent antitumor activity in vivo. In the effort to better understand how an Ab targeting a tumor epitope can promote an effective antitumor immune response, we used the syngeneic CMT167 lung tumor C57BL/6 mouse model, and we found that murinized GT103 (mGT103) activates complement and enhances antitumor immunity through multiple pathways. It creates a favorable tumor microenvironment by decreasing immunosuppressive regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, enhances Ag-specific effector T cells, and has an additive antitumor effect with anti-PD-L1 mAb. Furthermore, the immune landscape of tumors from early-stage patients expressing the anti-CFH autoantibody is associated with an immunologically active tumor microenvironment. More broadly, our results using an mAb cloned from autoantibody-expressing B cells provides novel, to our knowledge, mechanistic insights into how a tumor-specific, complement-activating Ab can generate an immune program to kill tumor cells and inhibit tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Saxena
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Ryan T Bushey
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Michael J Campa
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | | | - Jian Guo
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Edward F Patz
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - You-Wen He
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sándor N, Schneider AE, Matola AT, Barbai VH, Bencze D, Hammad HH, Papp A, Kövesdi D, Uzonyi B, Józsi M. The human factor H protein family - an update. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1135490. [PMID: 38410512 PMCID: PMC10894998 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1135490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Complement is an ancient and complex network of the immune system and, as such, it plays vital physiological roles, but it is also involved in numerous pathological processes. The proper regulation of the complement system is important to allow its sufficient and targeted activity without deleterious side-effects. Factor H is a major complement regulator, and together with its splice variant factor H-like protein 1 and the five human factor H-related (FHR) proteins, they have been linked to various diseases. The role of factor H in inhibiting complement activation is well studied, but the function of the FHRs is less characterized. Current evidence supports the main role of the FHRs as enhancers of complement activation and opsonization, i.e., counter-balancing the inhibitory effect of factor H. FHRs emerge as soluble pattern recognition molecules and positive regulators of the complement system. In addition, factor H and some of the FHR proteins were shown to modulate the activity of immune cells, a non-canonical function outside the complement cascade. Recent efforts have intensified to study factor H and the FHRs and develop new tools for the distinction, quantification and functional characterization of members of this protein family. Here, we provide an update and overview on the versatile roles of factor H family proteins, what we know about their biological functions in healthy conditions and in diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Sándor
- Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN-ELTE Complement Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Veronika H. Barbai
- Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Bencze
- Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hani Hashim Hammad
- Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Papp
- Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Kövesdi
- Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN-ELTE Complement Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Uzonyi
- Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN-ELTE Complement Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Józsi
- Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN-ELTE Complement Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saxena R, Gottlin EB, Campa MJ, Bushey RT, Guo J, Patz EF, He YW. Complement factor H: a novel innate immune checkpoint in cancer immunotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1302490. [PMID: 38389705 PMCID: PMC10883309 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1302490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The elimination of cancer cells critically depends on the immune system. However, cancers have evolved a variety of defense mechanisms to evade immune monitoring, leading to tumor progression. Complement factor H (CFH), predominately known for its function in inhibiting the alternative pathway of the complement system, has recently been identified as an important innate immunological checkpoint in cancer. CFH-mediated immunosuppression enhances tumor cells' ability to avoid immune recognition and produce an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This review explores the molecular underpinnings, interactions with immune cells, clinical consequences, and therapeutic possibilities of CFH as an innate immune checkpoint in cancer control. The difficulties and opportunities of using CFH as a target in cancer immunotherapy are also explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Saxena
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Elizabeth B Gottlin
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Michael J Campa
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ryan T Bushey
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Edward F Patz
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - You-Wen He
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Osman M, Cohen Tervaert JW, Pagnoux C. Avacopan for the treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis: an update. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2023; 19:461-471. [PMID: 36545762 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2162041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glucocorticoids (GC) have been part of the standard treatment of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm autoantibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) for more than 60 years. Various therapeutic advances have occurred over the past 2 decades and led to a significant reduction of GC exposure, but most patients still have to suffer from complications of GC, including infections, metabolic abnormalities, and cardiovascular morbidity. In 2007, activation of the complement pathway was demonstrated to play a role in the pathogenesis of AAV. Avacopan, an oral competitive inhibitor of the C5a receptor (C5aR1, CD88), was then developed, with an additional aim to decrease the use of GC. AREAS COVERED In this article, we briefly summarize the rationale for targeting the complement pathway in AAV, and review relevant findings from pre-clinical, phase I, II, and III studies, subsequent and more recent case reports and series on the efficacy and safety of avacopan. EXPERT OPINION Based on the results of these studies, avacopan was approved in most countries since late 2021, as an adjunctive induction treatment for patients with AAV. Several newer questions now are pending answers, including as to how avacopan should be used in real-world practice, beyond how it was given in the original clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Osman
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Christian Pagnoux
- Vasculitis clinic, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
van Essen MF, Peereboom ETM, Schlagwein N, van Gijlswijk-Janssen DJ, Nelemans T, Joeloemsingh JV, van den Berg CW, Prins J, Clark SJ, Schmidt CQ, Trouw LA, van Kooten C. Preferential production and secretion of the complement regulator factor H-like protein 1 (FHL-1) by human myeloid cells. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152364. [PMID: 36881973 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Factor H is a pivotal complement regulatory protein that is preferentially produced by the liver and circulates in high concentrations in serum. There has been an increasing interest in the extrahepatic production of complement factors, including by cells of the immune system, since this contributes to non-canonical functions of local complement activation and regulation. Here we investigated the production and regulation of factor H and its splice variant factor H-like protein 1 (FHL-1) by human myeloid cells. As validation, we confirmed the predominant presence of intact factor H in serum, despite a strong but comparable mRNA expression of CFH and FHL1 in liver. Comparable levels of CFH and FHL1 were also observed in renal tissue, although a dominant staining for FHL-1 was shown within the proximal tubules. Human in vitro generated pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages both expressed and produced factor H/FHL-1, but this was strongest in pro-inflammatory macrophages. Production was not affected by LPS activation, but was increased upon stimulation with IFN-γ or CD40L. Importantly, in both macrophage subsets mRNA expression of FHL1 was significantly higher than CFH. Moreover, production of FHL-1 protein could be confirmed using precipitation and immunoblotting of culture supernatants. These data identify macrophages as producers of factor H and FHL-1, thereby potentially contributing to local complement regulation at sites of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mieke F van Essen
- Division of Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Emma T M Peereboom
- Division of Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole Schlagwein
- Division of Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle J van Gijlswijk-Janssen
- Division of Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tessa Nelemans
- Division of Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jivan V Joeloemsingh
- Division of Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cathelijne W van den Berg
- Division of Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jurriën Prins
- Division of Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Simon J Clark
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Q Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Leendert A Trouw
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cees van Kooten
- Division of Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ding Q, Li H, Xu Z, Hu K, Ye Q. Identification of CFHR4 associated with poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:812663. [PMID: 36338737 PMCID: PMC9632743 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.812663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most leading causes of cancer death worldwide. The 5-year survival rate of HCC patients remains low due to the lack of early-stage symptoms. Human complement factor H-related protein 4 (CFHR4) is a critical gene that belongs to the factor H family of plasma glycoproteins, which has not been linked to HCC development. The correlations between CFHR4 and prognosis and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in HCC are yet unknown. The present study demonstrated the involvement of CFHR4 in HCC via data mining approaches. Results A total of 18 upregulated and 67 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Importantly, CFHR4, which was screened from DEGs, was shown to express at a lower level in HCC tumor tissue than normal tissues. Western blotting (WB), immunohistochemical (IHC) and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) experiments of clinical samples further validated CFHR4 was aberrantly expressed in HCC patients; Data from TCGA showed that CFHR4 was inversely correlated with a cancer family history, histological grade, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, and serum AFP level of HCC patients; Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that low expression of CFHR4 was an independent predictive marker in patients with HCC; Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the lower expression of CFHR4 was significantly associated with the progression of HCC and poor prognosis rates. Furthermore, TIMER analysis indicated that CFHR4 expression levels had correlations with infiltrating levels of immune cells in HCC. Conclusion CFHR4 expression was low in HCC and was significantly related to the poor prognosis of HCC and the level of immune infiltration. CFHR4 played important roles in regulating the initiation and progression of HCC and could be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. Methods The expression of CFHR4 was analyzed by GEO and TCGA-LIHC database and verified by WB and IHC assay. The biological function of CFHR4 was performed by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, and the genomic alteration of CFHR4 was investigated by cBioPortal database.The correlation between CFHR4 expression and clinical relevance was evaluated through Cox proportional hazards model, and the correlation between CFHR4 expression and tumor immune infiltrates were studied by TIMER database.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Ding
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, National Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanluo Li
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, National Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhigao Xu
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, National Quality Control Center for Donated Organ Procurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kanghong Hu
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, National Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qifa Ye
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, National Quality Control Center for Donated Organ Procurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
A disturbed balance between blood complement protective factors (FH, ApoE) and common pathway effectors (C5a, TCC) in acute COVID-19 and during convalesce. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13658. [PMID: 35953544 PMCID: PMC9366819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A complement effect on homeostasis during infection is determined by both cytotoxic (activate complement component 5 (C5a) terminal cytotoxic complex (TCC)), and cytoprotective elements (complement factor H (FH), as well as apolipoprotein E (ApoE)). Here, we investigated the gap in knowledge in their blood milieu during SARS-CoV-2 infection with respect to the viral burden, level of tissue necrosis, and immunological response. 101 patients hospitalized with a PCR-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 had blood collected at H1 (48 h), H2 (3-4 Days), H3 (5-7 days), H4 (more than 7 days up to 93 days). Pre-existing conditions, treatment, the incidence of cerebrovascular events (CVA), a history of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), and mortality was collected using electronic medical records. Plasma C5a, TCC, FH, and ApoE were considered as a complement milieu. Tissue necrosis (HMGB1, RAGE), non-specific inflammatory responses (IL-6, C-reactive protein), overall viral burden (SARS-CoV-2 spike protein), and specific immune responses (IgG, IgA, IgM directed αS- & N-proteins) were assessed simultaneously. C5a remained elevated across all time points, with the peak at 5-7 days. Studied elements of complement coalesced around three clusters: #0 (↑↑↑C5a, ↑↑TCC, ↓↓ApoE), #1 ↑C5a, ↑TCC, ↑↑↑FH); #2 (↑C5a, ↑TCC, ↑FH, ↑↑↑ApoE). The decline in FH and ApoE was a predictor of death, while TCC and C5a correlated with patient length of stay, APACHE, and CRP. Increased levels of C5a (Δ = 122.64; p = 0.0294; data not shown) and diminished levels of FH (Δ = 836,969; p = 0.0285; data not shown) co-existed with CVA incidence. C5a correlated storngly with blood RAGE and HMGB1, but not with viral load and immunological responsiveness. Remdesivir positively affected FH preservation, while convalescent plasma treatment elevated C5a levels. Three clusters of complement activation demonstrated a various milieu of ApoE & FH vs C5a & TCC in COVID-19 patients. Complement activation is linked to increased necrosis markers but not to viral burden or immune system response.
Collapse
|
8
|
Scheib N, Tiemann J, Becker C, Probst HC, Raker VK, Steinbrink K. The Dendritic Cell Dilemma in the Skin: Between Tolerance and Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:929000. [PMID: 35837386 PMCID: PMC9275407 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are uniquely capable of initiating and directing immune responses. The range of their activities grounds in the heterogeneity of DC subsets and their functional plasticity. Numerical and functional DC changes influence the development and progression of disease, and correction of such dysregulations has the potential to treat disease causally. In this review, we discuss the major advances in our understanding of the regulation of DC lineage formation, differentiation, and function in the skin. We describe the alteration of DC in disease as well as possibilities for therapeutic reprogramming with a focus on tolerogenic DC. Because regulatory T cells (Treg) are indispensable partners of DC in the induction and control of tolerance, we pay special attention to the interactions with these cells. Above all, we would like to arouse fascination for this cell type and its therapeutic potential in skin diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Scheib
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jessica Tiemann
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Becker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Probst
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Verena Katharina Raker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
- *Correspondence: Verena Katharina Raker,
| | - Kerstin Steinbrink
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dijkstra DJ, Lokki AI, Gierman LM, Borggreven NV, van der Keur C, Eikmans M, Gelderman KA, Laivuori H, Iversen AC, van der Hoorn MLP, Trouw LA. Circulating Levels of Anti-C1q and Anti-Factor H Autoantibodies and Their Targets in Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:842451. [PMID: 35432365 PMCID: PMC9009242 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) generally manifests in the second half of pregnancy with hypertension and proteinuria. The understanding of the origin and mechanism behind PE is incomplete, although there is clearly an immune component to this disorder. The placenta constitutes a complicated immune interface between fetal and maternal cells, where regulation and tolerance are key. Stress factors from placental dysfunction in PE are released to the maternal circulation evoking the maternal response. Several complement factors play a role within this intricate landscape, including C1q in vascular remodeling and Factor H (FH) as the key regulator of alternative pathway complement activation. We hypothesize that decreased levels of C1q or FH, or disturbance of their function by autoantibodies, may be associated with PE. Autoantibodies against C1q and FH and the concentrations of C1q and FH were measured by ELISA in maternal sera from women with preeclamptic and normal pregnancies. Samples originated from cohorts collected in the Netherlands (n=63 PE; n=174 control pregnancies, n=51 nonpregnant), Finland (n=181 PE; n=63 control pregnancies) and Norway (n=59 PE; n=27 control pregnancies). Serum C1q and FH concentrations were higher in control pregnancy than in nonpregnant women. No significant differences were observed for serum C1q between preeclamptic and control pregnancy in any of the three cohorts. Serum levels of FH were lower in preeclamptic pregnancies compared to control pregnancies in two of the cohorts, this effect was driven by the early onset PE cases. Neither anti-C1q autoantibodies nor anti-FH autoantibodies levels differed between women with PE and normal pregnancies. In conclusion, levels of anti-C1q and anti-FH autoantibodies are not increased in PE. C1q and FH are increased in pregnancy, but importantly, a decrease in FH concentration is associated with PE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douwe Jan Dijkstra
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Douwe Jan Dijkstra, ; Leendert Adrianus Trouw,
| | - A. Inkeri Lokki
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lobke Marijn Gierman
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Carin van der Keur
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Michael Eikmans
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Kyra Andrea Gelderman
- Department of Immunopathology and Haemostasis, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hannele Laivuori
- Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent, and Maternal Health Research, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Ann-Charlotte Iversen
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Leendert Adrianus Trouw
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Douwe Jan Dijkstra, ; Leendert Adrianus Trouw,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Song J, Zhao R, Yan C, Luo S, Xi J, Ding P, Li L, Hu W, Zhao C. A Targeted Complement Inhibitor CRIg/FH Protects Against Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis in Rats via Immune Modulation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:746068. [PMID: 35154091 PMCID: PMC8825366 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.746068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-induced complement activation may cause injury of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and is thus considered as a primary pathogenic factor in human myasthenia gravis (MG) and animal models of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). In this study, we tested whether CRIg/FH, a targeted complement inhibitor, could attenuate NMJ injury in rat MG models. We first demonstrated that CRIg/FH could inhibit complement-dependent cytotoxicity on human rhabdomyosarcoma TE671 cells induced by MG patient-derived IgG in vitro. Furthermore, we investigated the therapeutic effect of CRIg/FH in a passive and an active EAMG rodent model. In both models, administration of CRIg/FH could significantly reduce the complement-mediated end-plate damage and suppress the development of EAMG. In the active EAMG model, we also found that CRIg/FH treatment remarkably reduced the serum concentration of autoantibodies and of the cytokines including IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-17, and upregulated the percentage of Treg cells in the spleen, which was further verified in vitro. Therefore, our findings indicate that CRIg/FH may hold the potential for the treatment of MG via immune modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Yan
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Sushan Luo
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianying Xi
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Peipei Ding
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Hu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongbo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhai L, Bell A, Ladomersky E, Lauing KL, Bollu L, Nguyen B, Genet M, Kim M, Chen P, Mi X, Wu JD, Schipma MJ, Wray B, Griffiths J, Unwin RD, Clark SJ, Acharya R, Bao R, Horbinski C, Lukas RV, Schiltz GE, Wainwright DA. Tumor Cell IDO Enhances Immune Suppression and Decreases Survival Independent of Tryptophan Metabolism in Glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:6514-6528. [PMID: 34479957 PMCID: PMC8639612 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is an incurable primary brain tumor that has not benefited from immunotherapy to date. More than 90% of GBM expresses the tryptophan (Trp) metabolic enzyme, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO). This observation supported the historical hypothesis that IDO suppresses the antitumor immune response solely through a mechanism that requires intratumoral Trp depletion. However, recent findings led us to investigate the alternative hypothesis that IDO suppresses the anti-GBM immune response independent of its association with Trp metabolism. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IDO-deficient GBM cell lines reconstituted with IDO wild-type or IDO enzyme-null cDNA were created and validated in vitro and in vivo. Microarray analysis was conducted to search for genes that IDO regulates, followed by the analysis of human GBM cell lines, patient GBM and plasma, and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Ex vivo cell coculture assays, syngeneic and humanized mouse GBM models, were used to test the alternative hypothesis. RESULTS Nonenzymic tumor cell IDO activity decreased the survival of experimental animals and increased the expression of complement factor H (CFH) and its isoform, factor H like protein 1 (FHL-1) in human GBM. Tumor cell IDO increased CFH and FHL-1 expression independent of Trp metabolism. Increased intratumoral CFH and FHL-1 levels were associated with poorer survival among patients with glioma. Similar to IDO effects, GBM cell FHL-1 expression increased intratumoral regulatory T cells (Treg) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells while it decreased overall survival in mice with GBM. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals a nonmetabolic IDO-mediated enhancement of CFH expression and provides a new therapeutic target for patients with GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - April Bell
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Erik Ladomersky
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kristen L Lauing
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lakshmi Bollu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brenda Nguyen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Matthew Genet
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Miri Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Peiwen Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xinlei Mi
- Department of Preventive Medicine at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jennifer D Wu
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Matthew J Schipma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brian Wray
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John Griffiths
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Richard D Unwin
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Clark
- University Eye Clinic, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rajesh Acharya
- University of Pittsburgh Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Riyue Bao
- University of Pittsburgh Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rimas V Lukas
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gary E Schiltz
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Derek A Wainwright
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kárpáti É, Kremlitzka M, Sándor N, Hajnal D, Schneider AE, Józsi M. Complement Factor H Family Proteins Modulate Monocyte and Neutrophil Granulocyte Functions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:660852. [PMID: 34671340 PMCID: PMC8521052 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.660852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides being a key effector arm of innate immunity, a plethora of non-canonical functions of complement has recently been emerging. Factor H (FH), the main regulator of the alternative pathway of complement activation, has been reported to bind to various immune cells and regulate their functions, beyond its role in modulating complement activation. In this study we investigated the effect of FH, its alternative splice product FH-like protein 1 (FHL-1), the FH-related (FHR) proteins FHR-1 and FHR-5, and the recently developed artificial complement inhibitor mini-FH, on two key innate immune cells, monocytes and neutrophilic granulocytes. We found that, similar to FH, the other factor H family proteins FHL-1, FHR-1 and FHR-5, as well as the recombinant mini-FH, are able to bind to both monocytes and neutrophils. As a functional outcome, immobilized FH and FHR-1 inhibited PMA-induced NET formation, but increased the adherence and IL-8 production of neutrophils. FHL-1 increased only the adherence of the cells, while FHR-5 was ineffective in altering these functions. The adherence of monocytes was increased on FH, recombinant mini-FH and FHL-1 covered surfaces and, except for FHL-1, the same molecules also enhanced secretion of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNFα. When monocytes were stimulated with LPS in the presence of immobilized FH family proteins, FH, FHL-1 and mini-FH enhanced whereas FHR-1 and FHR-5 decreased the secretion of TNFα; FHL-1 and mini-FH also enhanced IL-10 release compared to the effect of LPS alone. Our results reveal heterogeneous effects of FH and FH family members on monocytes and neutrophils, altering key features involved in pathogen killing, and also demonstrate that FH-based complement inhibitors, such as mini-FH, may have effects beyond their function of inhibiting complement activation. Thus, our data provide new insight into the non-canonical functions of FH, FHL-1, FHR-1 and FHR-5 that might be exploited during protection against infections and in vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Éva Kárpáti
- Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mariann Kremlitzka
- Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Noémi Sándor
- Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-ELTE Complement Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Hajnal
- Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea E Schneider
- Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Józsi
- Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-ELTE Complement Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang F, Huang L, Yu J, Zang D, Ye L, Zhu Q. Altered levels of complement components associated with non-immediate drug hypersensitivity reactions. J Immunotoxicol 2021; 17:1-9. [PMID: 31795786 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2019.1695985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonimmediate drug hypersensitivity reactions (niDHRs) range from mild-type maculopapular exanthema (MPE) to severe type Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) with unentirely clarified pathogenesis. This study sought to explore whether complement components participated in niDHRs. The participants comprised of three groups as follows: MPE (n = 65), SJS/TEN (n = 13, contains 7 SJS, 2 SJS-TEN overlap and 4 TEN), and equal healthy controls (n = 78). Skin pathological changes were confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The mRNA and protein levels of complement components were assessed. In the MPE group, there were no alterations in complement components at the protein and mRNA levels found except for a decrease in factor H mRNA. In the SJS/TEN group, up-regulated levels of C3aR and C5aR mRNA and down-regulated factor H mRNA levels in blood were noted. A lower plasma protein level of C3, Factor H and a higher level of C3a, C5, C5a, C5b-9, Factor B (p < 0.05) were found in the SJS/TEN group compared with in the control (p < 0.05). In SJS/TEN skin lesions, indirect immunofluorescence assays showed positive specific staining for C5b-9, but not C3. Both C3aR and C5aR were positive staining in the SJS/TEN samples, while staining for C1q, mannose-binding lectin (MBL), Factor B, and Factor H were only weak or negative. The findings reported here are the first to define the expression profiles/extent of the presence of various complement components at the mRNA and protein levels in niDHRs, especially in SJS/TEN. These altered complement components might, at least in part, be integral to the mechanisms underlying the pathogeneses of SJS and TEN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Liping Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Junfeng Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu City, Chengdu, China
| | - Dandan Zang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liangping Ye
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qixing Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Daugan MV, Revel M, Thouenon R, Dragon-Durey MA, Robe-Rybkine T, Torset C, Merle NS, Noé R, Verkarre V, Oudard SM, Mejean A, Validire P, Cathelineau X, Sanchez-Salas R, Pickering MC, Cremer I, Mansuet-Lupo A, Alifano M, Sautès-Fridman C, Damotte D, Fridman WH, Roumenina LT. Intracellular Factor H Drives Tumor Progression Independently of the Complement Cascade. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:909-925. [PMID: 34039652 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is a powerful and druggable innate immune component of the tumor microenvironment. Nevertheless, it is challenging to elucidate the exact mechanisms by which complement affects tumor growth. In this study, we examined the processes by which the master complement regulator factor H (FH) affects clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and lung cancer, two cancers in which complement overactivation predicts poor prognosis. FH was present in two distinct cellular compartments: the membranous (mb-FH) and intracellular (int-FH) compartments. Int-FH resided in lysosomes and colocalized with C3. In ccRCC and lung adenocarcinoma, FH exerted protumoral action through an intracellular, noncanonical mechanism. FH silencing in ccRCC cell lines resulted in decreased proliferation, due to cell-cycle arrest and increased mortality, and this was associated with increased p53 phosphorylation and NFκB translocation to the nucleus. Moreover, the migration of the FH-silenced cells was reduced, likely due to altered morphology. These effects were cell type-specific because no modifications occurred upon CFH silencing in other FH-expressing cells tested: tubular cells (from which ccRCC originates), endothelial cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cells), and squamous cell lung cancer cells. Consistent with this, in ccRCC and lung adenocarcinoma, but not in lung squamous cell carcinoma, int-FH conferred poor prognosis in patient cohorts. Mb-FH performed its canonical function of complement regulation but had no impact on tumor cell phenotype or patient survival. The discovery of intracellular functions for FH redefines the role of the protein in tumor progression and its use as a prognostic biomarker or potential therapeutic target.See article by Daugan et al., p. 891 (36).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie V Daugan
- Team Inflammation, Complement and Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Margot Revel
- Team Inflammation, Complement and Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Romane Thouenon
- Team Inflammation, Complement and Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Dragon-Durey
- Team Inflammation, Complement and Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Biologic Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Tania Robe-Rybkine
- Team Inflammation, Complement and Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Carine Torset
- Team Inflammation, Complement and Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas S Merle
- Team Inflammation, Complement and Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Rémi Noé
- Team Inflammation, Complement and Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Verkarre
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Marie Oudard
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Oncology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Mejean
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Urology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Validire
- Department of Pathology, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Cathelineau
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Urology, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | | | - Mathew C Pickering
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- Team Inflammation, Complement and Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Mansuet-Lupo
- Team Inflammation, Complement and Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Departments of Pathology and Thoracic Surgery, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Team Inflammation, Complement and Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Departments of Pathology and Thoracic Surgery, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- Team Inflammation, Complement and Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Diane Damotte
- Team Inflammation, Complement and Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Departments of Pathology and Thoracic Surgery, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Wolf H Fridman
- Team Inflammation, Complement and Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lubka T Roumenina
- Team Inflammation, Complement and Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nazitto R, Amon LM, Mast FD, Aitchison JD, Aderem A, Johnson JS, Diercks AH. ILF3 Is a Negative Transcriptional Regulator of Innate Immune Responses and Myeloid Dendritic Cell Maturation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2949-2965. [PMID: 34031149 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
APCs such as myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) are key sentinels of the innate immune system. In response to pathogen recognition and innate immune stimulation, DCs transition from an immature to a mature state that is characterized by widespread changes in host gene expression, which include the upregulation of cytokines, chemokines, and costimulatory factors to protect against infection. Several transcription factors are known to drive these gene expression changes, but the mechanisms that negatively regulate DC maturation are less well understood. In this study, we identify the transcription factor IL enhancer binding factor 3 (ILF3) as a negative regulator of innate immune responses and DC maturation. Depletion of ILF3 in primary human monocyte-derived DCs led to increased expression of maturation markers and potentiated innate responses during stimulation with viral mimetics or classic innate agonists. Conversely, overexpression of short or long ILF3 isoforms (NF90 and NF110) suppressed DC maturation and innate immune responses. Through mutagenesis experiments, we found that a nuclear localization sequence in ILF3, and not its dual dsRNA-binding domains, was required for this function. Mutation of the domain associated with zinc finger motif of ILF3's NF110 isoform blocked its ability to suppress DC maturation. Moreover, RNA-sequencing analysis indicated that ILF3 regulates genes associated with cholesterol homeostasis in addition to genes associated with DC maturation. Together, our data establish ILF3 as a transcriptional regulator that restrains DC maturation and limits innate immune responses through a mechanism that may intersect with lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Nazitto
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.,Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Lynn M Amon
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA; and
| | - Fred D Mast
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - John D Aitchison
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Alan Aderem
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.,Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Jarrod S Johnson
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA; and.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Alan H Diercks
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Meszaros M, Horvath P, Kis A, Kunos L, Tarnoki AD, Tarnoki DL, Lazar Z, Bikov A. Circulating levels of clusterin and complement factor H in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Biomark Med 2021; 15:323-330. [PMID: 33666516 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) activates the complement system; however, the levels of membrane attack complex (MAC) are unaltered suggesting regulatory mechanisms. Our aim was to investigate complement factor H (CFH) and clusterin, two important complement regulators in OSA. Materials & methods: We analyzed clusterin and CFH levels in plasma of 86 patients with OSA and 33 control subjects. Results: There was no difference in CFH levels between patients (1099.4/784.6-1570.5/μg/ml) and controls (1051.4/652.0-1615.1/μg/ml, p = 0.72). Clusterin levels were higher in patients with OSA (309.7/217.2-763.2/μg/ml vs 276.1/131.0-424.3/μg/ml, p = 0.048) with a trend for a positive correlation with disease severity (p = 0.073). Conclusion: Increase in clusterin levels may be protective in OSA by blocking the MAC formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Meszaros
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Horvath
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adrian Kis
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Kunos
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adam D Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology, Oncologic Imaging Diagnostic Center, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.,Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David L Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology, Oncologic Imaging Diagnostic Center, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.,Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Lazar
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andras Bikov
- Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tzoumas N, Hallam D, Harris CL, Lako M, Kavanagh D, Steel DHW. Revisiting the role of factor H in age-related macular degeneration: Insights from complement-mediated renal disease and rare genetic variants. Surv Ophthalmol 2020; 66:378-401. [PMID: 33157112 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ophthalmologists are long familiar with the eye showing signs of systemic disease, but the association between age-related macular degeneration and abnormal complement activation, common to several renal disorders, has only recently been elucidated. Although complement activation products were identified in drusen almost three decades ago, it was not until the early 21st century that a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the complement factor H gene was identified as a major heritable determinant of age-related macular degeneration, galvanizing global efforts to unravel the pathogenesis of this common disease. Advances in proteomic analyses and familial aggregation studies have revealed distinctive clinical phenotypes segregated by the functional effects of common and rare genetic variants on the mature protein and its splice variant, factor H-like protein 1. The predominance of loss-of-function, N-terminal mutations implicate age-related macular degeneration as a disease of general complement dysregulation, offering several therapeutic avenues for its modulation. Here, we explore the molecular impact of these mutations/polymorphisms on the ability of variant factor H/factor H-like protein 1 to localize to polyanions, pentraxins, proinflammatory triggers, and cell surfaces across ocular and renal tissues and exert its multimodal regulatory functions and their clinical implications. Finally, we critically evaluate key therapeutic and diagnostic efforts in this rapidly evolving field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Tzoumas
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Dean Hallam
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Claire L Harris
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - David Kavanagh
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - David H W Steel
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Sunderland, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Machhi J, Kevadiya BD, Muhammad IK, Herskovitz J, Olson KE, Mosley RL, Gendelman HE. Harnessing regulatory T cell neuroprotective activities for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:32. [PMID: 32503641 PMCID: PMC7275301 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that adaptive immunity influences the pathobiology of neurodegenerative disorders. Misfolded aggregated self-proteins can break immune tolerance leading to the induction of autoreactive effector T cells (Teffs) with associated decreases in anti-inflammatory neuroprotective regulatory T cells (Tregs). An imbalance between Teffs and Tregs leads to microglial activation, inflammation and neuronal injury. The cascade of such a disordered immunity includes the drainage of the aggregated protein antigens into cervical lymph nodes serving to amplify effector immune responses. Both preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate transformation of this altered immunity for therapeutic gain. We posit that the signs and symptoms of common neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and stroke can be attenuated by boosting Treg activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Machhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
| | - Bhavesh D. Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, 94304 USA
| | - Ijaz Khan Muhammad
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Anbar Swabi, 23561 Pakistan
| | - Jonathan Herskovitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
| | - Katherine E. Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
| | - R. Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
| | - Howard E. Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Smolag KI, Mueni CM, Leandersson K, Jirström K, Hagerling C, Mörgelin M, Barlow PN, Martin M, Blom AM. Complement inhibitor factor H expressed by breast cancer cells differentiates CD14 + human monocytes into immunosuppressive macrophages. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1731135. [PMID: 32923173 PMCID: PMC7453999 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1731135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a major immune cell type in the tumor microenvironment, where they display a tumor-supporting phenotype. Factor H (FH) is a complement inhibitor that also plays a role in several cellular functions. To date, the phenotype of monocytes stimulated with FH has been unexplored. We discovered that FH is a survival factor for CD14+ primary human monocytes, promoting their differentiation into macrophages in serum-free medium. This activity was localized to the C-terminal domains of FH and it was inhibited in plasma, indicating that the phenomenon may be most relevant in tissues. FH-induced macrophages display characteristics of immunosuppressive cells including expression of CD163 and CD206, release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and changes in metabolism. Furthermore, FH-induced macrophages express low levels of HLA-DR but high levels of co-inhibitory molecule programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and accordingly, a reduced capacity for T-cell activation. Finally, we show that FH is expressed by human breast cancer cells and that this correlates with the presence of immunosuppressive macrophages, breast cancer recurrence and severity of the disease. We propose that the expression of FH by tumor cells and the promotion of an immunosuppressive cancer microenvironment by this protein should be taken into account when considering the effectiveness of immunotherapies against breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina I Smolag
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christine M Mueni
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karin Leandersson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Paul N Barlow
- Edinburgh Biological NMR Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Myriam Martin
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna M Blom
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
The recognition of microbial or danger-associated molecular patterns by complement proteins initiates a cascade of events that culminates in the activation of surface complement receptors on immune cells. Such signalling pathways converge with those activated downstream of pattern recognition receptors to determine the type and magnitude of the immune response. Intensive investigation in the field has uncovered novel pathways that link complement-mediated signalling with homeostatic and pathological T cell responses. More recently, the observation that complement proteins also act in the intracellular space to shape T cell fates has added a new layer of complexity. Here, we consider fundamental mechanisms and novel concepts at the interface of complement biology and immunity and discuss how these affect the maintenance of homeostasis and the development of human pathology.
Collapse
|
21
|
Regulation of the complement system and immunological tolerance in pregnancy. Semin Immunol 2019; 45:101337. [PMID: 31757607 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a serious vascular complication of the human pregnancy, whose etiology is still poorly understood. In preeclampsia, exacerbated apoptosis and fragmentation of the placental tissue occurs due to developmental qualities of the placental trophoblast cells and/or mechanical and oxidative distress to the syncytiotrophoblast, which lines the placental villi. Dysregulation of the complement system is recognized as one of the mechanisms of the disease pathology. Complement has the ability to promote inflammation and facilitate phagocytosis of placenta-derived particles and apoptotic cells by macrophages. In preeclampsia, an overload of placental cell damage or dysregulated complement system may lead to insufficient clearance of apoptotic particles and placenta-derived debris. Excess placental damage may lead to sequestration of microparticles, such as placental vesicles, to capillaries in the glomeruli of the kidney and other vulnerable tissues. This phenomenon could contribute to the manifestations of typical diagnostic symptoms of preeclampsia: proteinuria and new-onset hypertension. In this review we propose that the complement system may serve as a regulator of the complex tolerance and clearance processes that are fundamental in healthy pregnancy. It is therefore recommended that further research be conducted to elucidate the interactions between components of the complement system and immune responses in the context of complicated and healthy pregnancy.
Collapse
|
22
|
Noncanonical immunomodulatory activity of complement regulator C4BP(β-) limits the development of lupus nephritis. Kidney Int 2019; 97:551-566. [PMID: 31982108 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis is a chronic autoimmune-inflammatory condition that can lead to end-stage kidney disease. Presently available immunosuppressive treatments for lupus nephritis are suboptimal and can induce significant side effects. Recently, we characterized a novel immunomodulatory activity of the minor isoform of the classical pathway complement inhibitor, C4BP(β-). We show here that C4BP(β-) treatment prevented the development of proteinuria and albuminuria, decreased significantly the formation of anti-dsDNA antibodies and, locally, mitigated renal glomerular IgG and C3 deposition and generation of apoptotic cells. There was a consequent histological improvement and increased survival in lupus-prone mice. The therapeutic efficacy of C4BP(β-) was analogous to that of the broad-acting immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide. Remarkably, a comparative transcriptional profiling analysis revealed that the kidney gene expression signature resulting from C4BP(β-) treatment turned out to be 10 times smaller than that induced by cyclophosphamide treatment. C4BP(β-) immunomodulation induced significant downregulation of transcripts relevant to lupus nephritis indicating immunopathogenic cell infiltration, including activated T cells (Lat), B cells (Cd19, Ms4a1, Tnfrsf13c), inflammatory phagocytes (Irf7) and neutrophils (Prtn3, S100a8, S100a9). Furthermore, cytokine profiling and immunohistochemistry confirmed that C4BP(β-), through systemic and local CXCL13 downregulation, was able to prevent ectopic lymphoid structures neogenesis in aged mice with lupus nephritis. Thus, due to its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities and high specificity, C4BP(β-) could be considered for further clinical development in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
The complement system is an evolutionarily ancient key component of innate immunity required for the detection and removal of invading pathogens. It was discovered more than 100 years ago and was originally defined as a liver-derived, blood-circulating sentinel system that classically mediates the opsonization and lytic killing of dangerous microbes and the initiation of the general inflammatory reaction. More recently, complement has also emerged as a critical player in adaptive immunity via its ability to instruct both B and T cell responses. In particular, work on the impact of complement on T cell responses led to the surprising discoveries that the complement system also functions within cells and is involved in regulating basic cellular processes, predominantly those of metabolic nature. Here, we review current knowledge about complement's role in T cell biology, with a focus on the novel intracellular and noncanonical activities of this ancient system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin E West
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States; ,
| | - Martin Kolev
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom;
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States; , .,Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom; .,Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhou H, Hara H, Cooper DK. The complex functioning of the complement system in xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 2019; 26:e12517. [PMID: 31033064 PMCID: PMC6717021 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The role of complement in xenotransplantation is well-known and is a topic that has been reviewed previously. However, our understanding of the immense complexity of its interaction with other constituents of the innate immune response and of the coagulation, adaptive immune, and inflammatory responses to a xenograft is steadily increasing. In addition, the complement system plays a function in metabolism and homeostasis. New reviews at intervals are therefore clearly warranted. The pathways of complement activation, the function of the complement system, and the interaction between complement and coagulation, inflammation, and the adaptive immune system in relation to xenotransplantation are reviewed. Through several different mechanisms, complement activation is a major factor in contributing to xenograft failure. In the organ-source pig, the detrimental influence of the complement system is seen during organ harvest and preservation, for example, in ischemia-reperfusion injury. In the recipient, the effect of complement can be seen through its interaction with the immune, coagulation, and inflammatory responses. Genetic-engineering and other therapeutic methods by which the xenograft can be protected from the effects of complement activation are discussed. The review provides an updated source of reference to this increasingly complex subject.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hidetaka Hara
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David K.C. Cooper
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pio R, Ajona D, Ortiz-Espinosa S, Mantovani A, Lambris JD. Complementing the Cancer-Immunity Cycle. Front Immunol 2019; 10:774. [PMID: 31031765 PMCID: PMC6473060 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactivation of cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell responses has set a new direction for cancer immunotherapy. Neutralizing antibodies targeting immune checkpoint programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1) have been particularly successful for tumor types with limited therapeutic options such as melanoma and lung cancer. However, reactivation of T cells is only one step toward tumor elimination, and a substantial fraction of patients fails to respond to these therapies. In this context, combination therapies targeting more than one of the steps of the cancer-immune cycle may provide significant benefits. To find the best combinations, it is of upmost importance to understand the interplay between cancer cells and all the components of the immune response. This review focuses on the elements of the complement system that come into play in the cancer-immunity cycle. The complement system, an essential part of innate immunity, has emerged as a major regulator of cancer immunity. Complement effectors such as C1q, anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, and their receptors C3aR and C5aR1, have been associated with tolerogenic cell death and inhibition of antitumor T-cell responses through the recruitment and/or activation of immunosuppressive cell subpopulations such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs), or M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Evidence is provided to support the idea that complement blocks many of the effector routes associated with the cancer-immunity cycle, providing the rationale for new therapeutic combinations aimed to enhance the antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Pio
- Program in Solid Tumors (CIMA) and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (School of Medicine), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Ajona
- Program in Solid Tumors (CIMA) and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (School of Medicine), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Ortiz-Espinosa
- Program in Solid Tumors (CIMA) and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (School of Medicine), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John D. Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Altered Peripheral Blood Leucocyte Phenotype and Responses in Healthy Individuals with Homozygous Deletion of FHR1 and FHR3 Genes. J Clin Immunol 2019; 39:336-345. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-019-00619-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
27
|
Zhang R, Liu Q, Li T, Liao Q, Zhao Y. Role of the complement system in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:300. [PMID: 31787848 PMCID: PMC6858723 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system has traditionally been considered a component of innate immunity against invading pathogens and "nonself" cells. Recent studies have demonstrated the immunoregulatory functions of complement activation in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME plays crucial roles in tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis and recurrence. Imbalanced complement activation and the deposition of complement proteins have been demonstrated in many types of tumors. Plasma proteins, receptors, and regulators of complement activation regulate several biological functions of stromal cells in the TME and promote the malignant biological properties of tumors. Interactions between the complement system and cancer cells contribute to the proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration and invasion of tumor cells. In this review, we summarize recent advances related to the function of the complement system in the TME and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting complement-mediated immunoregulation in cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Zhang
- 0000 0001 0662 3178grid.12527.33Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Dan District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Qiaofei Liu
- 0000 0001 0662 3178grid.12527.33Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Dan District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Tong Li
- 0000 0001 0662 3178grid.12527.33Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Dan District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Quan Liao
- 0000 0001 0662 3178grid.12527.33Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Dan District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- 0000 0001 0662 3178grid.12527.33Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Dan District, Beijing, 100730 China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Complement factor H family proteins in their non-canonical role as modulators of cellular functions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 85:122-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
29
|
Barr H, Dempsey J, Waller A, Huang Y, Williams N, Sharma N, Benson DM, Rosko AE, Efebera YA, Hofmeister CC. Ninety-minute daratumumab infusion is safe in multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2018; 32:2495-2518. [PMID: 29679038 PMCID: PMC6167208 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hallie Barr
- Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Jessica Dempsey
- Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Allyson Waller
- Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nita Williams
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Don M Benson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ashley E Rosko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yvonne A Efebera
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Craig C Hofmeister
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
The utility of complement assays in clinical immunology: A comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 2018; 95:191-200. [PMID: 30391025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The multi-tasking organ liver, which is the major synthesis site of most serum proteins, supplies humoral components of the innate, - including proteins of the complement system; and, less intensely, also of the acquired immune system. In addition to hepatocyte origins, C1q, factor D, C3, C7 and other protein components of the complement system are produced at various body locations by monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, adipocytes, endometrium, enterocytes, keratinocytes and epithelial cells; but the contribution of these alternate sites to the total serum concentrations is slight. The two major exceptions are factor D, which cleaves factor B of the alternative pathway derived largely from adipocytes, and C7, derived largely from polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes/macrophages. Whereas the functional meaning of the extrahepatic synthesis of factor D remains to be elucidated, the local contribution of C7 may up- or downregulate the complement attack. The liver, however, is not classified as part of the immune system but is rather seen as victim of autoimmune diseases, a point that needs apology. Recent histological and cell marker technologies now turn the hands to also conceive the liver as proactive autoimmune disease catalyst. Hosting non-hepatocytic cells, e.g. NK cells, macrophages, dendritic cells as well as T and B lymphocytes, the liver outreaches multiple sites of the immune system. Immunopharmacological follow up of liver transplant recipients teaches us on liver-based presence of ABH-glycan HLA phenotypes and complement mediated ischemia/regeneration processes. In clinical context, the adverse reactions of the complement system can now be curbed by specific drug therapy. This review extends on the involvement of the complement system in liver autoimmune diseases and should allow to direct therapeutic opportunities.
Collapse
|
31
|
Švajger U, Rožman P. Induction of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells by Endogenous Biomolecules: An Update. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2482. [PMID: 30416505 PMCID: PMC6212600 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of microenvironment on dendritic cell (DC) function and development has been strongly established during the last two decades. Although DCs with general tolerogenic characteristics have been isolated and defined as a particular sub-population, it is predominantly their unequivocal biological plasticity, which allows for unparalleled responsiveness to environmental ques and shaping of their tolerogenic characteristics when interacting with tolerance-inducing biomolecules. Dendritic cells carry receptors for a great number of endogenous factors, which, after ligation, can importantly influence the development of their activation state. For this there is ample evidence merely by observation of DC characteristics isolated from various anatomical niches, e.g., the greater immunosuppressive potential of DCs isolated from intestine compared to conventional blood DCs. Endogenous biomolecules present in these environments most likely play a major role as a determinant of their phenotype and function. In this review, we will concisely summarize in what way various, tolerance-inducing endogenous factors influence DC biology, the development of their particular tolerogenic state and their subsequent actions in context of immune response inhibition and induction of regulatory T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urban Švajger
- Department for Therapeutic Services, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Rožman
- Department for Therapeutic Services, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sánchez-Corral P, Pouw RB, López-Trascasa M, Józsi M. Self-Damage Caused by Dysregulation of the Complement Alternative Pathway: Relevance of the Factor H Protein Family. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1607. [PMID: 30050540 PMCID: PMC6052053 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The alternative pathway is a continuously active surveillance arm of the complement system, and it can also enhance complement activation initiated by the classical and the lectin pathways. Various membrane-bound and plasma regulatory proteins control the activation of the potentially deleterious complement system. Among the regulators, the plasma glycoprotein factor H (FH) is the main inhibitor of the alternative pathway and its powerful amplification loop. FH belongs to a protein family that also includes FH-like protein 1 and five factor H-related (FHR-1 to FHR-5) proteins. Genetic variants and abnormal rearrangements involving the FH protein family have been linked to numerous systemic and organ-specific diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, and the renal pathologies atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, C3 glomerulopathies, and IgA nephropathy. This review covers the known and recently emerged ligands and interactions of the human FH family proteins associated with disease and discuss the very recent experimental data that suggest FH-antagonistic and complement-activating functions for the FHR proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Sánchez-Corral
- Complement Research Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital, Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Richard B Pouw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Margarita López-Trascasa
- Complement Research Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital, Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mihály Józsi
- Complement Research Group, Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Research Group of Immunology and Hematology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chen SF, Wang FM, Li ZY, Yu F, Chen M, Zhao MH. Complement Factor H Inhibits Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibody-Induced Neutrophil Activation by Interacting With Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2018; 9:559. [PMID: 29616045 PMCID: PMC5867335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that plasma levels of complement factor H (FH) were inversely associated with the disease activity of patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). In addition to serving as an inhibitor of the alternative complement pathway, there is increasing evidence demonstrating direct regulatory roles of FH on several cell types. Here, we investigated the role of FH in the process of ANCA-mediated activation of neutrophils and neutrophil–endothelium interaction. We demonstrated that FH bound to neutrophils by immunostaining and flow cytometry. Interestingly, ANCA-induced activation of neutrophils, including respiratory burst and degranulation, was inhibited by FH. Although FH enhanced neutrophils adhesion and migration toward human glomerular endothelial cells (hGEnCs), it inhibited ANCA-induced activation of neutrophils in the coculture system of hGEnCs and neutrophils. Moreover, the activation and injury of hGEnCs, reflected by the level of endothelin-1 in the supernatant of cocultures, was markedly reduced by FH. However, we found that FH from patients with active AAV exhibited a deficient ability in binding neutrophils and inhibiting ANCA-induced neutrophil activation in fluid phase and on endothelial cells, as compared with that from healthy controls. Therefore, our findings indicate a novel role of FH in inhibiting ANCA-induced neutrophil activation and protecting against glomerular endothelial injury. However, FH from patients with active AAV are deficient in their ability to bind neutrophils and inhibit neutrophil activation by ANCA. It further extends the current understanding of the pathogenesis of AAV, thus providing potential clues for intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Fang Chen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Mei Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Li
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zhao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ilic N, Gruden-Movsesijan A, Cvetkovic J, Tomic S, Vucevic DB, Aranzamendi C, Colic M, Pinelli E, Sofronic-Milosavljevic L. Trichinella spiralis Excretory-Secretory Products Induce Tolerogenic Properties in Human Dendritic Cells via Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4. Front Immunol 2018; 9:11. [PMID: 29416536 PMCID: PMC5787699 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichinella spiralis, as well as its muscle larvae excretory–secretory products (ES L1), given either alone or via dendritic cells (DCs), induce a tolerogenic immune microenvironment in inbred rodents and successfully ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. ES L1 directs the immunological balance away from T helper (Th)1, toward Th2 and regulatory responses by modulating DCs phenotype. The ultimate goal of our work is to find out if it is possible to translate knowledge obtained in animal model to humans and to generate human tolerogenic DCs suitable for therapy of autoimmune diseases through stimulation with ES L1. Here, the impact of ES L1 on the activation of human monocyte-derived DCs is explored for the first time. Under the influence of ES L1, DCs acquired tolerogenic (semi-matured) phenotype, characterized by low expression of HLA-DR, CD83, and CD86 as well as moderate expression of CD40, along with the unchanged production of interleukin (IL)-12 and elevated production of IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, compared to controls. The interaction with DCs involved toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4, and this interaction was mainly responsible for the phenotypic and functional properties of ES L1-treated DCs. Importantly, ES L1 potentiated Th2 polarizing capacity of DCs, and impaired their allo-stimulatory and Th1/Th17 polarizing properties. Moreover, ES L1-treated DCs promoted the expansion of IL-10- and TGF-β- producing CD4+CD25hiFoxp3hi T cells in indolamine 2, 3 dioxygenase (IDO)-1-dependent manner and increased the suppressive potential of the primed T cell population. ES L1-treated DCs retained the tolerogenic properties, even after the challenge with different pro-inflammatory stimuli, including those acting via TLR3 and, especially TLR4. These results suggest that the induction of tolerogenic properties of DCs through stimulation with ES L1 could represent an innovative approach for the preparation of tolerogenic DC for treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Ilic
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Jelena Cvetkovic
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sergej Tomic
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Carmen Aranzamendi
- Groningen Biomolecular Science and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Miodrag Colic
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Elena Pinelli
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Killick J, Morisse G, Sieger D, Astier AL. Complement as a regulator of adaptive immunity. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 40:37-48. [PMID: 28842749 PMCID: PMC5794818 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0644-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is an ancient and evolutionarily conserved effector system comprising in mammals over 50 circulating and membrane bound proteins. Complement has long been described as belonging to the innate immune system; however, a number of recent studies have demonstrated its key role in the modulation of the adaptive immune response. This review does not set out to be an exhaustive list of the numerous interactions of the many complement components with adaptive immunity; rather, we will focus more precisely on the role of some complement molecules in the regulation of antigen presenting cells, as well as on their direct effect on the activation of the core adaptive immune cells, B and T lymphocytes. Recent reports on the local production and activation of complement proteins also suggest a major role in the control of effector responses. The crucial role of complement in adaptive immunity is further highlighted by several examples of dysregulation of these pathways in human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Killick
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh Centre for MS Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Gregoire Morisse
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh Centre for MS Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Centre for NeuroRegeneration, Edinburgh Centre for MS Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Dirk Sieger
- Centre for NeuroRegeneration, Edinburgh Centre for MS Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Anne L Astier
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh Centre for MS Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
- Inserm U1043, CNRS U5282, Université de Toulouse, Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), F-31300, Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Domogalla MP, Rostan PV, Raker VK, Steinbrink K. Tolerance through Education: How Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Shape Immunity. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1764. [PMID: 29375543 PMCID: PMC5770648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are central players in the initiation and control of responses, regulating the balance between tolerance and immunity. Tolerogenic DCs are essential in the maintenance of central and peripheral tolerance by induction of clonal T cell deletion and T cell anergy, inhibition of memory and effector T cell responses, and generation and activation of regulatory T cells. Therefore, tolerogenic DCs are promising candidates for specific cellular therapy of allergic and autoimmune diseases and for treatment of transplant rejection. Studies performed in rodents have demonstrated the efficacy and feasibility of tolerogenic DCs for tolerance induction in various inflammatory diseases. In the last years, numerous protocols for the generation of human monocyte-derived tolerogenic DCs have been established and some first phase I trials have been conducted in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders, demonstrating the safety and efficiency of this cell-based immunotherapy. This review gives an overview about methods and protocols for the generation of human tolerogenic DCs and their mechanisms of tolerance induction with the focus on interleukin-10-modulated DCs. In addition, we will discuss the prerequisites for optimal clinical grade tolerogenic DC subsets and results of clinical trials with tolerogenic DCs in autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias P Domogalla
- Department of Dermatology, Division for Experimental and Translational Research, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Patricia V Rostan
- Department of Dermatology, Division for Experimental and Translational Research, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Verena K Raker
- Department of Dermatology, Division for Experimental and Translational Research, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerstin Steinbrink
- Department of Dermatology, Division for Experimental and Translational Research, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Complement components as promoters of immunological tolerance in dendritic cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 85:143-152. [PMID: 29155220 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Complement and dendritic cells (DCs) share many functional features that drive the outcome of immune-inflammatory processes. Both have a sentinel function, acting as danger sensors specialized for a rapid, comprehensive and selective action against potential threats without damaging the healthy host cells. But while complement has been considered as a "master alarm" system poised for direct pathogen killing, DCs are regarded as "master regulators" or orchestrators of a vast range of effector immune cells for an effective immune response against threatening insults. The original definition of the complement system, coined to denote its auxiliary function to enhance or assist in the role of antibodies or phagocytes to clear microbes or damaged cells, envisaged an important crosstalk between the complement and the mononuclear phagocyte systems. More recent studies have shown that, depending on the microenvironmental conditions, several complement effectors are competent to influence the differentiation and/or function of different DC subsets toward immunogenicity or tolerance. In this review we will infer about the capability of complement activators and inhibitors to "condition" a tolerogenic and anti-inflammatory immune response by direct interaction with DC surface receptors, and about the implications of this knowledge to devise new complement-based therapeutic approaches for autoimmune pathologies.
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Recognition and removal of apoptotic and necrotic cells must be efficient and highly controlled to avoid excessive inflammation and autoimmune responses to self. The complement system, a crucial part of innate immunity, plays an important role in this process. Thus, apoptotic and necrotic cells are recognized by complement initiators such as C1q, mannose binding lectin, ficolins, and properdin. This triggers complement activation and opsonization of cells with fragments of C3b, which enhances phagocytosis and thus ensures silent removal. Importantly, the process is tightly controlled by the binding of complement inhibitors C4b-binding protein and factor H, which attenuates late steps of complement activation and inflammation. Furthermore, factor H becomes actively internalized by apoptotic cells, where it catalyzes the cleavage of intracellular C3 to C3b. The intracellularly derived C3b additionally opsonizes the cell surface further supporting safe and fast clearance and thereby aids to prevent autoimmunity. Internalized factor H also binds nucleosomes and directs monocytes into production of anti-inflammatory cytokines upon phagocytosis of such complexes. Disturbances in the complement-mediated clearance of dying cells result in persistence of autoantigens and development of autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus, and may also be involved in development of age-related macula degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Martin
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna M Blom
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dixon KO, O'Flynn J, Klar-Mohamad N, Daha MR, van Kooten C. Properdin and factor H production by human dendritic cells modulates their T-cell stimulatory capacity and is regulated by IFN-γ. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:470-480. [PMID: 28105653 PMCID: PMC5363362 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) and complement are both key members of the innate and adaptive immune response. Recent experimental mouse models have shown that production of alternative pathway (AP) components by DCs strongly affects their ability to activate and regulate T-cell responses. In this study we investigated the production and regulation of properdin (fP) and factor H (fH) both integral regulators of the AP, by DCs and tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs). Both fP and fH were produced by DCs, with significantly higher levels of both AP components produced by tolDCs. Upon activation with IFN-γ both cells increased fH production, while simultaneously decreasing production of fP. IL-27, a member of the IL-12 family, increased fH, but production of fP remained unaffected. The functional capacity of fP and fH produced by DCs and tolDCs was confirmed by their ability to bind C3b. Inhibition of fH production by DCs resulted in a greater ability to induce allogenic CD4+ T-cell proliferation. In contrast, inhibition of fP production led to a significantly reduced allostimulatory capacity. In summary, this study shows that production of fP and fH by DCs, differentially regulates their immunogenicity, and that the local cytokine environment can profoundly affect the production of fP and fH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen O Dixon
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases at Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph O'Flynn
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ngaisah Klar-Mohamad
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mohamed R Daha
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cees van Kooten
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bennett KM, Rooijakkers SHM, Gorham RD. Let's Tie the Knot: Marriage of Complement and Adaptive Immunity in Pathogen Evasion, for Better or Worse. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:89. [PMID: 28197139 PMCID: PMC5281603 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is typically regarded as an effector arm of innate immunity, leading to recognition and killing of microbial invaders in body fluids. Consequently, pathogens have engaged in an arms race, evolving molecules that can interfere with proper complement responses. However, complement is no longer viewed as an isolated system, and links with other immune mechanisms are continually being discovered. Complement forms an important bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. While its roles in innate immunity are well-documented, its function in adaptive immunity is less characterized. Therefore, it is no surprise that the field of pathogenic complement evasion has focused on blockade of innate effector functions, while potential inhibition of adaptive immune responses (via complement) has been overlooked to a certain extent. In this review, we highlight past and recent developments on the involvement of complement in the adaptive immune response. We discuss the mechanisms by which complement aids in lymphocyte stimulation and regulation, as well as in antigen presentation. In addition, we discuss microbial complement evasion strategies, and highlight specific examples in the context of adaptive immune responses. These emerging ties between complement and adaptive immunity provide a catalyst for future discovery in not only the field of adaptive immune evasion but in elucidating new roles of complement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaila M Bennett
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Suzan H M Rooijakkers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ronald D Gorham
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Parente R, Clark SJ, Inforzato A, Day AJ. Complement factor H in host defense and immune evasion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 74:1605-1624. [PMID: 27942748 PMCID: PMC5378756 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Complement is the major humoral component of the innate immune system. It recognizes pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns, and initiates the immune response in coordination with innate and adaptive immunity. When activated, the complement system unleashes powerful cytotoxic and inflammatory mechanisms, and thus its tight control is crucial to prevent damage to host tissues and allow restoration of immune homeostasis. Factor H is the major soluble inhibitor of complement, where its binding to self markers (i.e., particular glycan structures) prevents complement activation and amplification on host surfaces. Not surprisingly, mutations and polymorphisms that affect recognition of self by factor H are associated with diseases of complement dysregulation, such as age-related macular degeneration and atypical haemolytic uremic syndrome. In addition, pathogens (i.e., non-self) and cancer cells (i.e., altered-self) can hijack factor H to evade the immune response. Here we review recent (and not so recent) literature on the structure and function of factor H, including the emerging roles of this protein in the pathophysiology of infectious diseases and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Parente
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy
| | - Simon J Clark
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Antonio Inforzato
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129, Milan, Italy.
| | - Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The complement system is reemerging in the last few years not only as key element of innate immunity against pathogens, but also as a main regulator of local adaptive responses, affecting dendritic cells as well as T and B lymphocytes. We review data showing that leucocytes are capable of significant autocrine synthesis of complement proteins, and express a large range of complement receptors, which in turn regulate their differentiation and effector functions while cross talking with other innate receptors such as Toll-like receptors. Other unconventional roles of complement proteins are reviewed, including their impact in non-leukocytes and their intracellular cleavage by vesicular proteases, which generate critical cues required for T cell function. Thus, leucocytes are very much aware of complement-derived information, both extracellular and intracellular, to elaborate their responses, offering rich avenues for therapeutic intervention and new hypothesis for conserved major histocompatibility complex complotypes.
Collapse
|
43
|
García-González P, Ubilla-Olguín G, Catalán D, Schinnerling K, Aguillón JC. Tolerogenic dendritic cells for reprogramming of lymphocyte responses in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:1071-1080. [PMID: 27485011 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) control immune responses by driving potent inflammatory actions against external and internal threats while generating tolerance to self and harmless components. This duality and their potential to reprogram immune responses in an antigen-specific fashion have made them an interesting target for immunotherapeutic strategies to control autoimmune diseases. Several protocols have been described for in vitro generation of tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) capable of modulating adaptive immune responses and restoring tolerance through different mechanisms that involve anergy, generation of regulatory lymphocyte populations, or deletion of potentially harmful inflammatory T cell subsets. Recently, the capacity of tolDCs to induce interleukin (IL-10)-secreting regulatory B cells has been demonstrated. In vitro assays and rodent models of autoimmune diseases provide insights to the molecular regulators and pathways enabling tolDCs to control immune responses. Here we review mechanisms through which tolDCs modulate adaptive immune responses, particularly focusing on their suitability for reprogramming autoreactive CD4+ effector T cells. Furthermore, we discuss recent findings establishing that tolDCs also modulate B cell populations and discuss clinical trials applying tolDCs to patients with autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina García-González
- Immune Regulation and Tolerance Research Group, Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Ubilla-Olguín
- Immune Regulation and Tolerance Research Group, Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Catalán
- Immune Regulation and Tolerance Research Group, Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile
| | - Katina Schinnerling
- Immune Regulation and Tolerance Research Group, Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile.
| | - Juan Carlos Aguillón
- Immune Regulation and Tolerance Research Group, Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Diao HY, Shao JG, Bian ZL, Chen L, Ju LL, Zhang Y. Role of phosphoinositide-3 kinase signaling pathways in pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:3002-3008. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i19.3002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) as a common acute disease poses a great threat to people's health. According to statistics, about one-fifth of cases develop acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction, which result in high mortality. The early understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease is limited to an inflammatory response resulting in autodigestion, edema, hemorrhage and necrosis of pancreatic tissue after the abnormal activation of trypsin. In recent years, researchers have focused their research on the role of immune inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of AP. Here we discuss the relationship between the immune inflammation and PI3K signaling pathways in AP.
Collapse
|