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Di X, Chen J, Li Y, Wang M, Wei J, Li T, Liao B, Luo D. Crosstalk between fibroblasts and immunocytes in fibrosis: From molecular mechanisms to clinical trials. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1545. [PMID: 38264932 PMCID: PMC10807359 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of fibroblasts on the immune system provides insight into the function of fibroblasts. In various tissue microenvironments, multiple fibroblast subtypes interact with immunocytes by secreting growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines, leading to wound healing, fibrosis, and escape of cancer immune surveillance. However, the specific mechanisms involved in the fibroblast-immunocyte interaction network have not yet been fully elucidated. MAIN BODY AND CONCLUSION Therefore, we systematically reviewed the molecular mechanisms of fibroblast-immunocyte interactions in fibrosis, from the history of cellular evolution and cell subtype divisions to the regulatory networks between fibroblasts and immunocytes. We also discuss how these communications function in different tissue and organ statuses, as well as potential therapies targeting the reciprocal fibroblast-immunocyte interplay in fibrosis. A comprehensive understanding of these functional cells under pathophysiological conditions and the mechanisms by which they communicate may lead to the development of effective and specific therapies targeting fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingpeng Di
- Department of Urology and Institute of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Urology and Institute of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Urology and Institute of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Menghua Wang
- Department of Urology and Institute of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Jingwen Wei
- Department of Urology and Institute of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Tianyue Li
- Department of Urology and Institute of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Banghua Liao
- Department of Urology and Institute of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
| | - Deyi Luo
- Department of Urology and Institute of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP.R. China
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Yim KC, Mousa JJ, Blanco JCG, Kim S, Boukhvalova MS. Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) Infection and MPV467 Treatment in Immunocompromised Cotton Rats Sigmodon hispidus. Viruses 2023; 15:476. [PMID: 36851691 PMCID: PMC9966515 DOI: 10.3390/v15020476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an important cause of respiratory disease in immunocompromised individuals, yet hMPV infection has not been modeled before in immunocompromised animals. In this work, cotton rats S. hispidus immunosuppressed by cyclophosphamide were infected with hMPV, and viral replication and pulmonary inflammation in these animals were compared to those in normal hMPV-infected S. hispidus. The efficacy of prophylactic and therapeutic administration of the anti-hMPV antibody MPV467 was also evaluated. Immunosuppressed animals had higher pulmonary and nasal titers of hMPV on day 5 post-infection compared to normal animals, and large amounts of hMPV were still present in the respiratory tract of immunosuppressed animals on days 7 and 9 post-infection, indicating prolonged viral replication. Immunosuppression was accompanied by reduced pulmonary histopathology in hMPV-infected cotton rats compared to normal animals; however, a delayed increase in pathology and pulmonary chemokine expression was seen in immunosuppressed cotton rats. Prophylactic and therapeutic MPV467 treatments protected both upper and lower respiratory tracts against hMPV infection. The lung pathology and pulmonary expression of IP-10 and MIP-1α mRNA were reduced by therapeutic MPV467 administration. These results indicate that immunosuppressed cotton rats represent a useful model for studying hMPV pathogenesis and for evaluating therapeutics that could alleviate hMPV-induced disease in immunocompromised subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C. Yim
- Sigmovir Biosystems, Inc., 9610 Medical Center Drive, Suite 100, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Jarrod J. Mousa
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jorge C. G. Blanco
- Sigmovir Biosystems, Inc., 9610 Medical Center Drive, Suite 100, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Sonnie Kim
- NIH/NIAID, Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Marina S. Boukhvalova
- Sigmovir Biosystems, Inc., 9610 Medical Center Drive, Suite 100, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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Ishida Y, Kuninaka Y, Mukaida N, Kondo T. Immune Mechanisms of Pulmonary Fibrosis with Bleomycin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043149. [PMID: 36834561 PMCID: PMC9958859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis and structural remodeling of the lung tissue can significantly impair lung function, often with fatal consequences. The etiology of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is diverse and includes different triggers such as allergens, chemicals, radiation, and environmental particles. However, the cause of idiopathic PF (IPF), one of the most common forms of PF, remains unknown. Experimental models have been developed to study the mechanisms of PF, and the murine bleomycin (BLM) model has received the most attention. Epithelial injury, inflammation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), myofibroblast activation, and repeated tissue injury are important initiators of fibrosis. In this review, we examined the common mechanisms of lung wound-healing responses after BLM-induced lung injury as well as the pathogenesis of the most common PF. A three-stage model of wound repair involving injury, inflammation, and repair is outlined. Dysregulation of one or more of these three phases has been reported in many cases of PF. We reviewed the literature investigating PF pathogenesis, and the role of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and matrix feeding in an animal model of BLM-induced PF.
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Hoshino T, Okamoto M, Sakazaki Y, Kato S, Young HA, Aizawa H. Role of proinflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IL-1beta in bleomycin-induced lung injury in humans and mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009; 41:661-670. [PMID: 19265174 PMCID: PMC10283344 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0182oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration of several chemotherapeutic drugs, such as bleomycin, busulfan, and gefitinib, often induces lethal lung injury. However, the precise mechanisms responsible for this drug-induced lung injury are still unclear. In the present study, we examined the role of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IL-1beta in the mechanism of bleomycin-induced lung injury. We performed immunohistochemical analysis of IL-18 and IL-18 receptor (R) alpha chain expression in the lungs of five patients with bleomycin-induced lethal lung injury. Enhanced expression of both IL-18 and IL-18Ralpha was observed in the lungs of all five patients with bleomycin-induced lung injury. To support the data obtained from patient samples, the levels of IL-1beta and IL-18 mRNA and protein, pulmonary inflammation, and lung fibrosis were examined in mouse models of bleomycin-induced lung injury. Intravenous administration of bleomycin induced the expression of IL-1beta and IL-18 in the serum and lungs of wild-type C57BL/6 mice. IL-18-producing F4/80(+) neutrophils, but not CD3(+) T cells, were greatly increased in the lungs of treated mice. Moreover, bleomycin-induced lung injury was significantly attenuated in caspase-1(-/-), IL-18(-/-), and IL-18Ralpha(-/-) mice in comparison with control mice. Thus, our results provide evidence for an important role of IL-1beta and IL-18 in chemotherapy-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Hoshino
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
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Keane MP, Belperio JA, Arenberg DA, Burdick MD, Xu ZJ, Xue YY, Strieter RM. IFN-γ-Inducible Protein-10 Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis Via Inhibition of Angiogenesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.10.5686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Few studies have addressed the importance of vascular remodeling in the lung during the development of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis (BPF). For fibroplasia and deposition of extracellular matrix to occur, there must be a geometric increase in neovascularization. We hypothesized that net angiogenesis during the pathogenesis of fibroplasia and deposition of extracellular matrix during BPF are dependent in part on a relative deficiency of the angiostatic CXC chemokine, IFN-γ-inducible protein-10 (IP-10). To test this hypothesis, we measured IP-10 by specific ELISA in whole lung homogenates in either bleomycin-treated or control mice and correlated these levels with lung hydroxyproline. We found that lung tissue from mice treated with bleomycin, compared with that from saline-treated controls, demonstrated a decrease in the presence of IP-10 that was correlated to a greater angiogenic response and total lung hydroxyproline content. Systemic administration of IP-10 significantly reduced BPF without any alteration in lung lymphocyte or NK cell populations. This was also paralleled by a reduction in angiogenesis. Furthermore, IP-10 had no direct effect on isolated pulmonary fibroblasts. These results demonstrate that the angiostatic CXC chemokine, IP-10, inhibits fibroplasia and deposition of extracellular matrix by regulating angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Keane
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - John A. Belperio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Douglas A. Arenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Marie D. Burdick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Zuo J. Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ying Y. Xue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Robert M. Strieter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Koga S, Auerbach MB, Engeman TM, Novick AC, Toma H, Fairchild RL. T Cell Infiltration into Class II MHC-Disparate Allografts and Acute Rejection Is Dependent on the IFN-γ-Induced Chemokine Mig. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.9.4878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Direct evidence that cytokines with chemoattractant properties for leukocytes, chemokines, recruit alloantigen-primed T cells into transplanted allografts has been lacking. We present evidence that neutralization of a single chemokine inhibits T cell infiltration into class II MHC-disparate murine allografts and acute rejection. The chemokines IFN-γ-inducible protein-10 and monokine induced by IFN-γ (Mig) are expressed in allogeneic skin grafts during the late stages of acute rejection. Survival of class II MHC-disparate B6.H-2bm12 allografts is prolonged from day 14 to day 55 posttransplant when C57BL/6 recipients are given a short course treatment with an antiserum to Mig. This treatment also inhibits T cell and macrophage infiltration into the allografts. B6.H-2bm12 allografts are also not rejected by IFN-γ−/− C57BL/6 recipients. Injection of Mig directly into B6.H-2bm12 grafts on IFN-γ-deficient recipients restores T cell infiltration and rejection. Therefore, the inability of IFN-γ-deficient recipients to reject the class II MHC-disparate allografts is due to the lack of intraallograft Mig production and alloantigen-primed T cell recruitment to the graft. These results indicate for the first time the potential utility of chemokine neutralization strategies in preventing T cell infiltration into allografts and abrogating acute rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Koga
- *Urology and
- §Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tara M. Engeman
- †Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | | | - Hiroshi Toma
- §Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert L. Fairchild
- *Urology and
- †Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
- ‡Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106; and
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Takamizawa A, Koyama S, Sato E, Masubuchi T, Kubo K, Sekiguchi M, Nagai S, Izumi T. Bleomycin Stimulates Lung Fibroblasts to Release Neutrophil and Monocyte Chemotactic Activity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.10.6200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We determined whether human lung fibroblasts might release chemotactic activity for neutrophils (NCA) and monocytes (MCA) in response to bleomycin. The human lung fibroblasts supernatant fluids were evaluated for chemotactic activity by a blind well chamber technique. Human lung fibroblasts released NCA and MCA in a dose- and time-dependent manner in response to bleomycin. Checkerboard analysis of supernatant fluids revealed that both NCA and MCA were chemotactic. Partial characterization revealed that NCA was partly heat labile, trypsin sensitive, and predominantly ethyl acetate extractable. In contrast, MCA was partly trypsin sensitive and ethyl acetate extractable. The release of chemotactic activity was inhibited by lipoxygenase inhibitors and cycloheximide. Molecular sieve column chromatography revealed that both NCA and MCA had multiple chemotactic peaks. NCA was inhibited by leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist and anti-IL-8 and G-CSF Abs. MCA was attenuated by leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, GM-CSF, and TGF-β Abs. Leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist and these Abs inhibited the corresponding m.w. chemotactic activity separated by column chromatography. The concentrations of IL-8, G-CSF, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, GM-CSF, and TGF-β in the supernatant fluids significantly increased in response to bleomycin. These data suggest that lung fibroblasts may modulate inflammatory cell recruitment into the lung by releasing NCA and MCA in response to bleomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akemi Takamizawa
- *First Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; and
| | - Sekiya Koyama
- *First Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; and
- †Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Etsuro Sato
- *First Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; and
| | - Takeshi Masubuchi
- *First Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; and
| | - Keishi Kubo
- *First Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; and
| | - Morie Sekiguchi
- *First Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; and
| | - Sonoko Nagai
- †Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takateru Izumi
- †Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Keane MP, Belperio JA, Moore TA, Moore BB, Arenberg DA, Smith RE, Burdick MD, Kunkel SL, Strieter RM. Neutralization of the CXC Chemokine, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-2, Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.9.5511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Few studies have addressed the importance of vascular remodeling in the lung during the development of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. For fibroplasia and deposition of extracellular matrix to occur, there must be a geometric increase in neovascularization. We hypothesized that net angiogenesis during the pathogenesis of fibroplasia and deposition of extracellular matrix during bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis are dependent in part upon an overexpression of the angiogenic CXC chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2). To test this hypothesis, we measured MIP-2 by specific ELISA in whole lung homogenates in either bleomycin-treated or control CBA/J mice and correlated these levels with lung hydroxyproline. We found that lung tissue from mice treated with bleomycin, compared with that from saline-treated controls, demonstrated a significant increase in the presence of MIP-2 that was correlated to a greater angiogenic response and total lung hydroxyproline content. Neutralizing anti-MIP-2 Abs inhibited the angiogenic activity of day 16 bleomycin-treated lung specimens using an in vivo angiogenesis bioassay. Furthermore, when MIP-2 was depleted in vivo by passive immunization, bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis was significantly reduced without a change in the presence of pulmonary neutrophils, fibroblast proliferation, or collagen gene expression. This was also paralleled by a reduction in angiogenesis. These results demonstrate that the angiogenic CXC chemokine, MIP-2, is an important factor that regulates angiogenesis/fibrosis in pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Keane
- *Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - John A. Belperio
- *Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- *Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Bethany B. Moore
- *Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Douglas A. Arenberg
- *Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Robert E. Smith
- †Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Marie D. Burdick
- *Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Steven L. Kunkel
- †Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Robert M. Strieter
- *Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
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Clark JG, Madtes DK, Hackman RC, Chen W, Cheever MA, Martin PJ. Lung Injury Induced by Alloreactive Th1 Cells Is Characterized by Host-Derived Mononuclear Cell Inflammation and Activation of Alveolar Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.4.1913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We have investigated a murine model of acute lung injury caused by i.v. administration of a T cell clone (CD4+, Th1 phenotype) that recognizes Ly5, a polymorphic cell surface glycoprotein expressed on hemopoietic cells. Alloreactive cloned T cells, specific for host Ly5 Ag, cause a mononuclear cell pulmonary vasculitis and interstitial pneumonitis. In further studies of the cellular mechanisms involved in this model, we found that mature host T cells or B cells are not required, since lung injury was comparable in transgenic host mice that lack these cells (RAG-1 knockout). Cloned T cells labeled in vitro with bromodeoxyuridine were localized in inflammation foci in lung, but the majority of cells in the foci were not labeled. Using transgenic mice that constitutively express lacZ, we determined that the mononuclear cell vasculitis is of host cell origin. Alveolar macrophages (AM) from T cell-treated mice spontaneously secreted TNF-α in culture, whereas TNF-α was not detected in AM cultures from control mice. TNF-α production in response to LPS stimulation was significantly higher in AM cultures derived from T cell-treated mice than in those from control mice. Challenge with sublethal doses of LPS resulted in 50% mortality in T cell-treated mice and was associated with augmented AM TNF-α production and protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. We conclude that immune activation of T cells of the Th1 phenotype can initiate lung injury characterized by a host-derived mononuclear cell inflammation and activation of AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan G. Clark
- *Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
- §Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - David K. Madtes
- *Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
- §Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Robert C. Hackman
- ‡Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and
- §Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Wei Chen
- †Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
- §Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Martin A. Cheever
- †Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
- §Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Paul J. Martin
- †Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
- §Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
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Horton MR, Burdick MD, Strieter RM, Bao C, Noble PW. Regulation of Hyaluronan-Induced Chemokine Gene Expression by IL-10 and IFN-γ in Mouse Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.6.3023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Turnover of the extracellular matrix (ECM), activation of macrophages, and accumulation of chemokines/cytokines are all hallmarks of chronic inflammation. Extracellular matrix components, such as hyaluronan (HA), have recently been shown to influence macrophage effector functions, such as the release of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. Although low m.w. fragments of the glycosaminoglycan HA induce macrophages to secrete numerous inflammatory mediators, the mechanisms regulating ECM-induced macrophage activation are poorly understood. We have examined the effects of IL-10 and IFN-γ on HA-induced chemokine gene expression in primary mouse macrophages. We found that IL-10 and IFN-γ independently inhibit HA-induced expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), MIP-1β, and KC at both the mRNA and protein levels. Whereas IL-10 inhibited most of the HA-induced chemokines tested, IFN-γ selectively inhibited only MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and KC. This inhibition did not require prestimulation and occurred even when the cytokines were added up to 3 h after stimulation with HA. For MIP-1α, the inhibition by IFN-γ occurred at the level of transcription, whereas IL-10 predominantly decreased the stability of MIP-1α mRNA. IFN-γ and IL-10 equally inhibited macrophage expression of MIP-1β mRNA at the level of transcription, but MIP-1β mRNA stability was decreased to a greater extent by IL-10. These data identify a previously unrecognized role for IL-10 and IFN-γ as regulators of ECM-induced macrophage expression of inflammatory chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen R. Horton
- *Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205; and
| | - Marie D. Burdick
- †Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Robert M. Strieter
- †Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Clare Bao
- *Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205; and
| | - Paul W. Noble
- *Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205; and
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