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Chen S, Liang J, Chen D, Huang Q, Sun K, Zhong Y, Lin B, Kong J, Sun J, Gong C, Wang J, Gao Y, Zhang Q, Sun H. Cerebrospinal fluid metabolomic and proteomic characterization of neurologic post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:209-222. [PMID: 37858739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 causes neurological post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (neuro-PASC) remains unclear. Herein, we conducted proteomic and metabolomic analyses of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 21 neuro-PASC patients, 45 healthy volunteers, and 26 inflammatory neurological diseases patients. Our data showed 69 differentially expressed metabolites and six differentially expressed proteins between neuro-PASC patients and healthy individuals. Elevated sphinganine and ST1A1, sphingolipid metabolism disorder, and attenuated inflammatory responses may contribute to the occurrence of neuro-PASC, whereas decreased levels of 7,8-dihydropterin and activation of steroid hormone biosynthesis may play a role in the repair process. Additionally, a biomarker cohort consisting of sphinganine, 7,8-dihydroneopterin, and ST1A1 was preliminarily demonstrated to have high value in diagnosing neuro-PASC. In summary, our study represents the first attempt to integrate the diagnostic benefits of CSF with the methodological advantages of multi-omics, thereby offering valuable insights into the pathogenesis of neuro-PASC and facilitating the work of neuroscientists in disclosing different neurological dimensions associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilan Chen
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jianhao Liang
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Dingqiang Chen
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Qiyuan Huang
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Kaijian Sun
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yuxia Zhong
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Baojia Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jingjing Kong
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jiaduo Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Chengfang Gong
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Qingguo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Haitao Sun
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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2
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Verdoorn TA, Parry TJ, Pinna G, Lifshitz J. Neurosteroid Receptor Modulators for Treating Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:1603-1615. [PMID: 37653253 PMCID: PMC10684848 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers wide-ranging pathology that impacts multiple biochemical and physiological systems, both inside and outside the brain. Functional recovery in patients is impeded by early onset brain edema, acute and chronic inflammation, delayed cell death, and neurovascular disruption. Drug treatments that target these deficits are under active development, but it seems likely that fully effective therapy may require interruption of the multiplicity of TBI-induced pathological processes either by a cocktail of drug treatments or a single pleiotropic drug. The complex and highly interconnected biochemical network embodied by the neurosteroid system offers multiple options for the research and development of pleiotropic drug treatments that may provide benefit for those who have suffered a TBI. This narrative review examines the neurosteroids and their signaling systems and proposes directions for their utility in the next stage of TBI drug research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Verdoorn
- NeuroTrauma Sciences, LLC, 2655 Northwinds Parkway, Alpharetta, GA 30009, USA.
| | - Tom J Parry
- NeuroTrauma Sciences, LLC, 2655 Northwinds Parkway, Alpharetta, GA 30009, USA
| | - Graziano Pinna
- Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, 1601 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jonathan Lifshitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, 475 N. 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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Khaw YM, Anwar S, Zhou J, Kawano T, Lin P, Otero A, Barakat R, Drnevich J, Takahashi T, Ko CJ, Inoue M. Estrogen receptor alpha signaling in dendritic cells modulates autoimmune disease phenotype in mice. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e54228. [PMID: 36633157 PMCID: PMC9986829 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is a disease-modifying factor in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) via estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). However, the mechanisms by which ERα signaling contributes to changes in disease pathogenesis have not been completely elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that ERα deletion in dendritic cells (DCs) of mice induces severe neurodegeneration in the central nervous system in a mouse EAE model and resistance to interferon beta (IFNβ), a first-line MS treatment. Estrogen synthesized by extragonadal sources is crucial for controlling disease phenotypes. Mechanistically, activated ERα directly interacts with TRAF3, a TLR4 downstream signaling molecule, to degrade TRAF3 via ubiquitination, resulting in reduced IRF3 nuclear translocation and transcription of membrane lymphotoxin (mLT) and IFNβ components. Diminished ERα signaling in DCs generates neurotoxic effector CD4+ T cells via mLT-lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR) signaling. Lymphotoxin beta receptor antagonist abolished EAE disease symptoms in the DC-specific ERα-deficient mice. These findings indicate that estrogen derived from extragonadal sources, such as lymph nodes, controls TRAF3-mediated cytokine production in DCs to modulate the EAE disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Ming Khaw
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
- Neuroscience ProgramUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Shehata Anwar
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBeni‐Suef University (BSU)Beni‐SuefEgypt
| | - Jinyan Zhou
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
- Neuroscience ProgramUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Tasuku Kawano
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Po‐Ching Lin
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Ashley Otero
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
- Neuroscience ProgramUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Radwa Barakat
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Benha UniversityQalyubiaEgypt
| | - Jenny Drnevich
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology CenterUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Tomoko Takahashi
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - CheMyong Jay Ko
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
- Neuroscience ProgramUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Makoto Inoue
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
- Neuroscience ProgramUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and TechnologyUrbanaILUSA
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Fairweather D, Beetler DJ, Musigk N, Heidecker B, Lyle MA, Cooper LT, Bruno KA. Sex and gender differences in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy: An update. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1129348. [PMID: 36937911 PMCID: PMC10017519 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1129348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade there has been a growing interest in understanding sex and gender differences in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and the purpose of this review is to provide an update on this topic including epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical presentation, diagnosis and management. Recently, many clinical studies have been conducted examining sex differences in myocarditis. Studies consistently report that myocarditis occurs more often in men than women with a sex ratio ranging from 1:2-4 female to male. Studies reveal that DCM also has a sex ratio of around 1:3 women to men and this is also true for familial/genetic forms of DCM. Animal models have demonstrated that DCM develops after myocarditis in susceptible mouse strains and evidence exists for this progress clinically as well. A consistent finding is that myocarditis occurs primarily in men under 50 years of age, but in women after age 50 or post-menopause. In contrast, DCM typically occurs after age 50, although the age that post-myocarditis DCM occurs has not been investigated. In a small study, more men with myocarditis presented with symptoms of chest pain while women presented with dyspnea. Men with myocarditis have been found to have higher levels of heart failure biomarkers soluble ST2, creatine kinase, myoglobin and T helper 17-associated cytokines while women develop a better regulatory immune response. Studies of the pathogenesis of disease have found that Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 signaling pathways play a central role in increasing inflammation during myocarditis and in promoting remodeling and fibrosis that leads to DCM, and all of these pathways are elevated in males. Management of myocarditis follows heart failure guidelines and there are currently no disease-specific therapies. Research on standard heart failure medications reveal important sex differences. Overall, many advances in our understanding of the effect of biologic sex on myocarditis and DCM have occurred over the past decade, but many gaps in our understanding remain. A better understanding of sex and gender effects are needed to develop disease-targeted and individualized medicine approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- DeLisa Fairweather
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Danielle J. Beetler
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Nicolas Musigk
- Department of Cardiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Heidecker
- Department of Cardiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melissa A. Lyle
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Leslie T. Cooper
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Katelyn A. Bruno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Mishra P, Davies DA, Albensi BC. The Interaction Between NF-κB and Estrogen in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1515-1526. [PMID: 36512265 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Post-menopausal women are at a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) than males. The higher rates of AD in women are associated with the sharp decline in the estrogen levels after menopause. Estrogen has been shown to downregulate inflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system (CNS), which has a neuroprotective role against neurodegenerative diseases including AD. Sustained neuroinflammation is associated with neurodegeneration and contributes to AD. Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) is a transcription factor involved with the modulation of inflammation and interacts with estrogen to influence the progression of AD. Application of 17β-estradiol (E2) has been shown to inhibit NF-κB, thereby reducing transcription of NF-κB target genes. Despite accumulating evidence showing that estrogens have beneficial effects in pre-clinical AD studies, there are mixed results with hormone replacement therapy in clinical trials. Furthering our understanding of how NF-κB interacts with estrogen and alters the progression of neurodegenerative disorders including AD, should be beneficial and result in the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Mishra
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Don A Davies
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benedict C Albensi
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
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Offner H, Lockwood D, Meza-Romero R, Vandenbark AA. PD-L1 is required for estrogen-induced protection against severe EAE in IL-10 deficient mice 1. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:589-599. [PMID: 36454506 PMCID: PMC9976593 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-10 knockout (KO) mice can be protected against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) with low-dose estrogen (E2) treatment similar to wild type (WT) mice, indicating that IL-10 is not required for E2-induced EAE protection. Our previous study demonstrated that E2 treatment induced an increase in programmed death ligands 1 (PD-L1) and 2 (PD-L2) on monocytes and macrophages in the periphery and within the CNS. In this study, we selectively inhibited the function of PD-L1 and PD-L2 to evaluate their critical role in maintaining E2-induced protection against EAE in IL-10-KO mice. METHODS This study used female IL-10 KO mice pre-treated with either E2 or sham pellets seven days prior to induction of EAE and subsequently treated with Vehicle or antibodies to PD-L1, PD-L2 or respective isotype controls. Mice were scored daily for EAE severity over 21 days post-EAE induction. Cells from the spleen and brain were evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS Differences in EAE severity were assessed in E2 and sham pre-treated IL-10-KO mice treated with α-PD-L1 or α-PD-L2 antibodies over the course of disease compared to treatment with Vehicle or isotype control antibodies. The results revealed real-time development of severe EAE in E2-pre-treated IL-10-KO mice treated with α-PD-L1 but not α-PD-L2 antibodies, mediated in part by increased percentages of activated CD74+CD11b+ myeloid cells in spleen and brain as well as splenic B-cells, T-cells and CD73+ cells. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate unequivocally that PD-L1 but not PD-L2 was required to retain the inhibitory effects of E2 on clinical EAE scores in female IL-10-KO mice and further implicate the emergence of the MIF/CD74 axis as a contributing pathogenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Offner
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, R&D-31, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd., 97239, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Denesa Lockwood
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Roberto Meza-Romero
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Arthur A Vandenbark
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Boziki M, Theotokis P, Kesidou E, Karafoulidou E, Konstantinou C, Michailidou I, Bahar Y, Altintas A, Grigoriadis N. Sex, aging and immunity in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: An intriguing interaction. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1104552. [PMID: 36698908 PMCID: PMC9869255 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1104552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with a profound neurodegenerative component early in the disease pathogenesis. Age is a factor with a well-described effect on the primary disease phenotype, namely, the relapsing-remitting vs. the primary progressive disease. Moreover, aging is a prominent factor contributing to the transition from relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) to secondary progressive disease. However, sex also seems to, at least in part, dictate disease phenotype and evolution, as evidenced in humans and in animal models of the disease. Sex-specific gene expression profiles have recently elucidated an association with differential immunological signatures in the context of experimental disease. This review aims to summarize current knowledge stemming from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models regarding the effects of sex, either independently or as a factor combined with aging, on disease phenotype, with relevance to the immune system and the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Boziki
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Kesidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Karafoulidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrystalla Konstantinou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Iliana Michailidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Ayse Altintas
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece,*Correspondence: Nikolaos Grigoriadis ✉
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Anesi N, Miquel CH, Laffont S, Guéry JC. The Influence of Sex Hormones and X Chromosome in Immune Responses. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 441:21-59. [PMID: 37695424 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-35139-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Males and females differ in their susceptibility to develop autoimmunity and allergy but also in their capacity to cope with infections and cancers. Cellular targets and molecular pathways underlying sexual dimorphism in immunity have started to emerge and appeared multifactorial. It became increasingly clear that sex-linked biological factors have important impact on the development, tissue maintenance and effector function acquisition of distinct immune cell populations, thereby regulating multiple layers of innate or adaptive immunity through distinct mechanisms. This review discusses the recent development in our understanding of the cell-intrinsic actions of biological factors linked to sex, sex hormones and sex chromosome complement, on immune cells, which may account for the sex differences in susceptibility to autoimmune diseases and allergies, and the sex-biased responses in natural immunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Anesi
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITY), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Charles-Henry Miquel
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITY), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Laffont
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITY), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Charles Guéry
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITY), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, 31300, Toulouse, France.
- INSERM UMR1291, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Purpan, Place du Dr. Baylac, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 3, France.
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9
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McCombe PA, Greer JM. Effects of biological sex and pregnancy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: It's complicated. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1059833. [PMID: 36518769 PMCID: PMC9742606 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1059833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) can be induced in many animal strains by inoculation with central nervous system antigens and adjuvant or by the passive transfer of lymphocytes reactive with these antigens and is widely used as an animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). There are reports that female sex and pregnancy affect EAE. Here we review the effects of biological sex and the effects of pregnancy on the clinical features (including disease susceptibility) and pathophysiology of EAE. We also review reports of the possible mechanisms underlying these differences. These include sex-related differences in the immune system and in the central nervous system, the effects of hormones and the sex chromosomes and molecules unique to pregnancy. We also review sex differences in the response to factors that can modify the course of EAE. Our conclusion is that the effects of biological sex in EAE vary amongst animal models and should not be widely extrapolated. In EAE, it is therefore essential that studies looking at the effects of biological sex or pregnancy give full information about the model that is used (i.e. animal strain, sex, the inducing antigen, timing of EAE induction in relation to pregnancy, etc.). In addition, it would be preferable if more than one EAE model were used, to show if any observed effects are generalizable. This is clearly a field that requires further work. However, understanding of the mechanisms of sex differences could lead to greater understanding of EAE, and suggest possible therapies for MS.
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10
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Haghmorad D, Soltanmohammadi A, Jadid Tavaf M, Zargarani S, Yazdanpanah E, Shadab A, Yousefi B. The protective role of interaction between vitamin D, sex hormones and calcium in multiple sclerosis. Int J Neurosci 2022:1-19. [PMID: 36369838 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2147431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disorder that causes disability and paralysis, especially among young adults. Although interactions of several factors, such as viral infections, autoimmunity, genetic and environmental factors, performance a role in the beginning and progression of the disease, the exact cause of MS is unknown to date. Different immune cells such as Th1 and Th17 play an impressive role in the immunopathogenesis of MS, while, regulatory cells such as Th2 and Treg diminish the severity of the illness. Sex hormones have a vital role in many autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis. Testosterone, estrogen and progesterone have various roles in the progress of MS, which higher prevalence of disease in women and more severe in men reveals the importance of sex hormones' role in this disease. Vitamin D after chemical changes in the body, as an active hormone called calcitriol, plays an important role in regulating immune responses and improves MS by modulating the immune system. The optimum level of calcium in the body with vitamin D modulates immune responses and calcium as an essential ion in the body plays a key role in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The interaction between vitamin D and sex hormones has protective and therapeutic effects against MS and functional synergy between estrogen and calcitriol occurs in disease recovery. Moreover, vitamin D and calcium interact with each other to regulate the immune system and shift them to anti-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Haghmorad
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Azita Soltanmohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Maryam Jadid Tavaf
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Simin Zargarani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Yazdanpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Allergy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Shadab
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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11
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17β-estradiol ameliorates delirium-like phenotypes in a murine model of urinary tract infection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19622. [PMID: 36380004 PMCID: PMC9666646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24247-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common and frequently precipitate delirium-like states. Advanced age coincident with the postmenopausal period is a risk factor for delirium following UTIs. We previously demonstrated a pathological role for interleukin-6 (IL-6) in mediating delirium-like phenotypes in a murine model of UTI. Estrogen has been implicated in reducing peripheral IL-6 expression, but it is unknown whether the increased susceptibility of postmenopausal females to developing delirium concomitant with UTIs reflects diminished effects of circulating estrogen. Here, we tested this hypothesis in a mouse model of UTI. Female C57BL/6J mice were oophorectomized, UTIs induced by transurethral inoculation of E. coli, and treated with 17β-estradiol. Delirium-like behaviors were evaluated prior to and following UTI and 17β-estradiol treatment. Compared to controls, mice treated with 17β-estradiol had less neuronal injury, improved delirium-like behaviors, and less plasma and frontal cortex IL-6. In vitro studies further showed that 17β-estradiol may also directly mediate neuronal protection, suggesting pleiotropic mechanisms of 17β-estradiol-mediated neuroprotection. In summary, we demonstrate a beneficial role for 17β-estradiol in ameliorating acute UTI-induced structural and functional delirium-like phenotypes. These findings provide pre-clinical justification for 17β-estradiol as a therapeutic target to ameliorate delirium following UTI.
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12
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Adachi A, Honda T. Regulatory Roles of Estrogens in Psoriasis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164890. [PMID: 36013129 PMCID: PMC9409683 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease of the interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 axis. The severity of psoriasis has been reported as higher in men than in women. The immunoregulatory role of female sex hormones has been proposed to be one of the factors responsible for sex differences. Among female sex hormones, estrogens have been suggested to be significantly involved in the development of psoriasis by various epidemiological and in vitro studies. For example, the severity of psoriasis is inversely correlated with serum estrogen levels. In vitro, estrogens suppress the production of psoriasis-related cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-23 from neutrophils and dendritic cells, respectively. Furthermore, a recent study using a mouse psoriasis model indicated the inhibitory role of estrogens in psoriatic dermatitis by suppressing IL-1β production from neutrophils and macrophages. Understanding the role and molecular mechanisms of female sex hormones in psoriasis may lead to better control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimasa Adachi
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo 130-8575, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Honda
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
- Correspondence:
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13
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Liu Z, Niu X, Wang J. Naringenin as a natural immunomodulator against T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases: literature review and network-based pharmacology study. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11026-11043. [PMID: 35776085 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2092054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
T cells, especially CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, play a vital role in the pathogenesis of specific autoimmune diseases. Naringenin, a citrus flavonoid, exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and antitumor properties, which have been verified in animal autoimmune disease models. However, naringenin's possible effects and molecular mechanisms in T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases are unclear. This review summarizes the findings of previous studies and predicts the target of naringenin in T cell-mediated autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis through network pharmacology analysis. We performed DAVID enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction analysis, and molecular docking to predict the positive effect of naringenin on T cell-mediated autoimmune disorders. Sixteen common genes were screened, among which the core genes were PTGS2, ESR1, CAT, CASP3, MAPK1, and AKT1. The possible molecular mechanism relates to HIF-1, estrogen, TNF, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Our findings have significance for future naringenin treatment of T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejin Liu
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xinli Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junpeng Wang
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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14
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Kurmann L, Okoniewski M, Dubey RK. Estradiol Inhibits Human Brain Vascular Pericyte Migration Activity: A Functional and Transcriptomic Analysis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092314. [PMID: 34571963 PMCID: PMC8472363 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the third leading cause of mortality in women and it kills twice as many women as breast cancer. A key role in the pathophysiology of stroke plays the disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) within the neurovascular unit. While estrogen induces vascular protective actions, its influence on stroke remains unclear. Moreover, experiments assessing its impact on endothelial cells to induce barrier integrity are non-conclusive. Since pericytes play an active role in regulating BBB integrity and function, we hypothesize that estradiol may influence BBB by regulating their activity. In this study using human brain vascular pericytes (HBVPs) we investigated the impact of estradiol on key pericyte functions known to influence BBB integrity. HBVPs expressed estrogen receptors (ER-α, ER-β and GPER) and treatment with estradiol (10 nM) inhibited basal cell migration but not proliferation. Since pericyte migration is a hallmark for BBB disruption following injury, infection and inflammation, we investigated the effects of estradiol on TNFα-induced PC migration. Importantly, estradiol prevented TNFα-induced pericyte migration and this effect was mimicked by PPT (ER-α agonist) and DPN (ER-β agonist), but not by G1 (GPR30 agonist). The modulatory effects of estradiol were abrogated by MPP and PHTPP, selective ER-α and ER-β antagonists, respectively, confirming the role of ER-α and ER-β in mediating the anti-migratory actions of estrogen. To delineate the intracellular mechanisms mediating the inhibitory actions of estradiol on PC migration, we investigated the role of AKT and MAPK activation. While estradiol consistently reduced the TNFα-induced MAPK and Akt phosphorylation, only the inhibition of MAPK, but not Akt, significantly abrogated the migratory actions of TNFα. In transendothelial electrical resistance measurements, estradiol induced barrier function (TEER) in human brain microvascular endothelial cells co-cultured with pericytes, but not in HBMECs cultured alone. Importantly, transcriptomics analysis of genes modulated by estradiol in pericytes showed downregulation of genes known to increase cell migration and upregulation of genes known to inhibit cell migration. Taken together, our findings provide the first evidence that estradiol modulates pericyte activity and thereby improves endothelial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kurmann
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland;
| | | | - Raghvendra K. Dubey
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland;
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Correspondence:
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15
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Gholami A, Mollanoroozy E, Reza Baradaran H, Hariri M. The efficacy of soy isoflavones combined with soy protein on serum concentration of interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α among post-menopausal women? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 49:10-24. [PMID: 34455600 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The post-menopausal stage in women's life is associated with the enhancement of inflammation that may be reduced using soy isoflavones or soy protein. The present study aimed to summarize the effect of soy isoflavones plus soy protein on circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in post-menopausal women. The English-language articles were identified from the databases such as Cochrane Library, clinicaltrials.gov, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus until December 2020. The mean change from baseline and its standard deviation (SD) for intervention and comparison groups were used to calculate the effect size. The statistical heterogeneity of the intervention effects was computing by Cochran's Q test and I2 statistic. Nine and seven studies were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. The results of our meta-analysis indicated a non-significant effect on the serum concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α (weighted mean differences [WMD] = 0.07 pg/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.03, 0.17 pg/mL; P = 0.190; WMD =0.05 pg/mL; 95% CI = -0.01, 0.12 pg/mL; P = 0.092; respectively). In subgroup analysis, soy isoflavones plus soy protein could increase the serum concentration of IL-6 in studies with soy isoflavones dose ≤87 mg/days, cross-over design, weak quality, and studies on participants who had health risk factors or diseases. The serum concentration of TNF-α increased in studies with cross-over design, intervention duration ≤56 days, and body mass index (BMI) >27, and in studies that were conducted on at-risk or sick participants. In conclusion, our meta-analysis did not confirm any significant effect on serum concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α among post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gholami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Mollanoroozy
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Baradaran
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research Team, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mitra Hariri
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.,Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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16
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Chimenti MS, Perricone C, D'Antonio A, Ferraioli M, Conigliaro P, Triggianese P, Ciccacci C, Borgiani P, Perricone R. Genetics, Epigenetics, and Gender Impact in Axial-Spondyloarthritis Susceptibility: An Update on Genetic Polymorphisms and Their Sex Related Associations. Front Genet 2021; 12:671976. [PMID: 34447407 PMCID: PMC8383732 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.671976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease that can be divided into predominantly axial or predominantly peripheral involvement, with or without associated psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease or previous infection. Axial SpA (axSpA) encompasses ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with radiological sacroiliitis, and a type without radiographic sacroiliitis, called “non-radiographic axial SpA” (nr-axSpA). Males and females show large differences in their susceptibility to SpA, such as distinctions in clinical patterns, phenotypes and in therapeutical response, particularly to TNF inhibitors (TNFi). Several studies indicate that AS women have doubled risk to failure TNFi compared with males. This diversity in drugs’ efficacy among women and men may be caused by differences in the balance of sex hormones and in gene-specific expression likely triggered by X-chromosome instability and gene-specific epigenetic modifications. Evidence reported that polymorphisms in microRNAs on X- and other chromosomes, such as miR-146a, miR-155, miR-125a-5p, miR-151a-3p and miR-22-3p, miR-199a-5p could be involved in the different clinical presentation of SpA, as well as disease activity. In addition, association with non−response to TNFi treatment and presence of IRAK3 and CHUCK genes in SpA patients was recently detected. Finally, polymorphisms in genes involved in IL-23/IL-17 pathway, such as in drug pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics may have a role in response to TNFi, IL17i, and IL23i. A major understanding of genomic variability could help in the development of new therapeutic targets or in taking advantages of different mechanisms of action of biological drugs. Moving from the multifactorial etiology of disease, the present review aims at evaluating genetic and epigenetic factors and their relationship with sex and bDMARDs response, helping to investigate the different expression among males and females of genes on X- and other chromosomes, as well as mi-RNA, to highlight relationships between sex and occurrence of specific phenotypes and symptoms of the disease. Moreover, the role of the epigenetic modification in relation to immune-regulatory mechanisms will be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sole Chimenti
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Perricone
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Arianna D'Antonio
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Ferraioli
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Conigliaro
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Triggianese
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Ciccacci
- Unicamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Unit, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Borgiani
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Unit, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Perricone
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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17
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Hassan Sohouli M, Lari A, Fatahi S, Shidfar F, Găman MA, Sernizon Guimarães N, Sindi GA, Mandili RA, Alzahrani GR, Abdulwahab RA, Almuflihi AM, Alsobyani FM, Albu Mahmud AM, Nazzal O, Alshaibani L, Elmokid S, Abu-Zaid A. Impact of soy milk consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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18
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Hariri M, Baradaran HR, Gholami A. The effect of soy protein containing soy isoflavones on serum concentration of cell adhesion molecules: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2021; 61:102764. [PMID: 34333131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soy protein in combination with soy isoflavones might reduce the serum concentration of inflammatory mediators. In this study, we attempted to summarize the effect of soy protein combined with soy isoflavones on circulating E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in adults. METHODS Clinicaltrials.gov, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Scopus were searched for English articles with no time limit regarding publication up to December 2020. Thereafter, the mean changes from baseline and their standard deviations (SDs) for both intervention and comparison groups were used to calculate the effect size. We used DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model if the heterogeneity test was statistically significant. Cochran's Q test and I-squared statistic were also used to calculate the statistical heterogeneity of the intervention effects. RESULTS Eight articles were found as eligible for this study. The treatment duration was between 6 and 24 weeks. Soy isoflavones dose was in a range of 30-112 mg/day and soy protein dose was in a range of 11.25-52 g/day. Overall, taking soy protein supplements containing soy isoflavones was not associated with changes in cell adhesion molecules, E-selectin, ICAM-1, or VCAM-1 (WMD = 0.65, 95 % CI: -2.58, 3.89; p = 0.692; WMD = 2.68, 95 % CI: -0.98, 6.34; p = 0.151; WMD = 2.66, 95 % CI: -6.28, 11.61; p = 0.559, respectively). CONCLUSION The combination of soy protein and soy isoflavones was not significantly associated with changes in levels of E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. However, we need more studies with a large sample size and more participants with different age categories in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Hariri
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran; Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Baradaran
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research Team, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ali Gholami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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19
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Willems S, Zaienne D, Merk D. Targeting Nuclear Receptors in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9592-9638. [PMID: 34251209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors, also known as ligand-activated transcription factors, regulate gene expression upon ligand signals and present as attractive therapeutic targets especially in chronic diseases. Despite the therapeutic relevance of some nuclear receptors in various pathologies, their potential in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation is insufficiently established. This perspective gathers preclinical and clinical data for a potential role of individual nuclear receptors as future targets in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis, and concomitantly evaluates the level of medicinal chemistry targeting these proteins. Considerable evidence suggests the high promise of ligand-activated transcription factors to counteract neurodegenerative diseases with a particularly high potential of several orphan nuclear receptors. However, potent tools are lacking for orphan receptors, and limited central nervous system exposure or insufficient selectivity also compromises the suitability of well-studied nuclear receptor ligands for functional studies. Medicinal chemistry efforts are needed to develop dedicated high-quality tool compounds for the therapeutic validation of nuclear receptors in neurodegenerative pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Willems
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Zaienne
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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20
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Ghosh MK, Chen KHE, Dill-Garlow R, Ma LJ, Yonezawa T, Itoh Y, Rivera L, Radecki KC, Wu QP, Arnold AP, Muller HK, Walker AM. Sex Differences in the Immune System Become Evident in the Perinatal Period in the Four Core Genotypes Mouse. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:582614. [PMID: 34122327 PMCID: PMC8191418 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.582614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We have used the four core genotypes (FCG) mouse model, which allows a distinction between effects of gonadal secretions and chromosomal complement, to determine when sex differences in the immune system first appear and what influences their development. Using splenic T cell number as a measure that could be applied to neonates with as yet immature immune responses, we found no differences among the four genotypes at postnatal day 1, but by day 7, clear sex differences were observed. These sex differences were unexpectedly independent of chromosomal complement and similar in degree to gonadectomized FCG adults: both neonatal and gonadectomized adult females (XX and XY) showed 2-fold the number of CD4+ and 7-fold the number of CD8+ T cells versus their male (XX and XY) counterparts. Appearance of this long-lived sex difference between days 1 and 7 suggested a role for the male-specific perinatal surge of testicular testosterone. Interference with the testosterone surge significantly de-masculinized the male CD4+, but not CD8+ splenic profile. Treatment of neonates demonstrated elevated testosterone limited mature cell egress from the thymus, whereas estradiol reduced splenic T cell seeding in females. Neonatal male splenic epithelium/stroma expressed aromatase mRNA, suggesting capacity for splenic conversion of perinatal testosterone into estradiol in males, which, similar to administration of estradiol in females, would result in reduced splenic T cell seeding. These sex steroid effects affected both CD4+ and CD8+ cells and yet interference with the testosterone surge only significantly de-masculinized the splenic content of CD4+ cells. For CD8+ cells, male cells in the thymus were also found to express one third the density of sphingosine-1-phosphate thymic egress receptors per cell compared to female, a male characteristic most likely an indirect result of Sry expression. Interestingly, the data also support a previously unrecognized role for non-gonadal estradiol in the promotion of intra-thymic cell proliferation in neonates of both sexes. Microarray analysis suggested the thymic epithelium/stroma as the source of this hormone. We conclude that some immune sex differences appear long before puberty and more than one mechanism contributes to differential numbers and distribution of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal K. Ghosh
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Kuan-hui E. Chen
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Riva Dill-Garlow
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Lisa J. Ma
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Tomohiro Yonezawa
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Yuichiro Itoh
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lorena Rivera
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Kelly C. Radecki
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Quiming P. Wu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Arthur P. Arnold
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - H. Konrad Muller
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Ameae M. Walker
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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21
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Sekyi MT, Lauderdale K, Atkinson KC, Golestany B, Karim H, Feri M, Soto JS, Diaz C, Kim SH, Cilluffo M, Nusinowitz S, Katzenellenbogen JA, Tiwari‐Woodruff SK. Alleviation of extensive visual pathway dysfunction by a remyelinating drug in a chronic mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Brain Pathol 2021; 31:312-332. [PMID: 33368801 PMCID: PMC8018057 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual deficits are among the most prevalent symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). To understand deficits in the visual pathway during MS and potential treatment effects, we used experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the most commonly used animal model of MS. The afferent visual pathway was assessed in vivo using optical coherence tomography (OCT), electroretinography (ERG), and visually evoked cortical potentials (VEPs). Inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration were examined by immunohistochemistry ex vivo. In addition, an immunomodulatory, remyelinating agent, the estrogen receptor β ligand chloroindazole (IndCl), was tested for its therapeutic potential in the visual pathway. EAE produced functional deficits in visual system electrophysiology, including suppression of ERG and VEP waveform amplitudes and increased signal latencies. Therapeutic IndCl rescued overall visual system latency by VEP but had little impact on amplitude or ERG findings relative to vehicle. Faster VEP conduction in IndCl-treated mice was associated with enhanced myelin basic protein signal in all visual system structures examined. IndCl preserved retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and oligodendrocyte density in the prechiasmatic white matter, but similar retinal nerve fiber layer thinning by OCT was noted in vehicle and IndCl-treated mice. Although IndCl differentially attenuated leukocyte and astrocyte staining signal throughout the structures analyzed, axolemmal varicosities were observed in all visual fiber tracts of mice with EAE irrespective of treatment, suggesting impaired axonal energy homeostasis. These data support incomplete functional recovery of VEP amplitude with IndCl, as fiber tracts displayed persistent axon pathology despite remyelination-induced decreases in latencies, evidenced by reduced optic nerve g-ratio in IndCl-treated mice. Although additional studies are required, these findings demonstrate the dynamics of visual pathway dysfunction and disability during EAE, along with the importance of early treatment to mitigate EAE-induced axon damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T. Sekyi
- Division of Biomedical SciencesRiverside School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCAUSA
- Department of BioengineeringRiverside Bourns School of EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCAUSA
| | - Kelli Lauderdale
- Division of Biomedical SciencesRiverside School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCAUSA
| | - Kelley C. Atkinson
- Division of Biomedical SciencesRiverside School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCAUSA
| | - Batis Golestany
- Division of Biomedical SciencesRiverside School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCAUSA
| | - Hawra Karim
- Division of Biomedical SciencesRiverside School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCAUSA
| | - Micah Feri
- Division of Biomedical SciencesRiverside School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCAUSA
| | - Joselyn S. Soto
- Division of Biomedical SciencesRiverside School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCAUSA
| | - Cobi Diaz
- Division of Biomedical SciencesRiverside School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCAUSA
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Cancer CenterUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Marianne Cilluffo
- BRI Electron Microscopy LaboratoryLos Angeles School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Steven Nusinowitz
- Stein Eye InstituteLos Angeles School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | - Seema K. Tiwari‐Woodruff
- Division of Biomedical SciencesRiverside School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCAUSA
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22
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Hariri M, Baradaran HR, Gholami A. The effect of soy isoflavones and soy isoflavones plus soy protein on serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3575-3589. [PMID: 33586244 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we summarized the effect of soy isoflavones and soy isoflavones plus soy protein on serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) among adult participants. We systematically searched Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and clinicaltrials.gov for articles published up to May 2020. Effect size was calculated by mean change from baseline of TNF-α concentrations and its standard deviation (SD) for intervention and comparison groups. If the heterogeneity test was statistically significant, DerSimonian and Laird random effects model was used to estimate the summary of the overall effects and its heterogeneity. Nineteen and fourteen randomized clinical trials were included in our systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. The result of overall effect size indicated a non-significant effect in serum concentration of TNF-α following soy isoflavones intake (WMD = 0.2 pg/ml, 95% CI: -0.13, 0.53; p = .226) and the combination of soy isoflavones and soy protein intake (WMD = 0.02 pg/ml, 95% CI: -0.02, 0.06; p = .286). Subgroup analyses revealed no significant change in circulatory levels of TNF-α following soy isoflavones plus soy protein intake. In conclusion, the present systematic review and meta-analysis found insufficient evidence that soy isoflavones or the combination of soy isoflavones and soy protein significantly reduce serum concentration of TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Hariri
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.,Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Baradaran
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research Team, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ali Gholami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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23
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Effects of soy intake on circulating levels of TNF-α and interleukin-6: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:581-601. [PMID: 33399974 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pro-inflammatory mediators, including serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), can be used as biomarkers to indicate or monitor disease. This study was designed to ascertain the effects of soy products on TNF-α and IL-6 levels. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched to November 2019 for RCTs around the effects of soy-based products on TNF-α and IL-6. A random effects model was used to calculate overall effect size. RESULTS In total, 29 eligible publications were considered in the present systematic review, of which 25 were included in this meta-analysis. The overall effect of soy products on TNF-α and IL-6 levels failed to reach statistical significance (MD = - 0.07; 95% CI - 0.22-0.09; I2 50.9; MD = 0.03; 95% CI - 0.07-0.14; I2 42.1, respectively). According to a subgroup analysis, natural soy products led to a reduction in TNF-α concentration compared with processed soy products (MD = - 0.32; 95% CI - 0.45 to - 0.19; I2 0.0). Moreover, IL-6 reduction was stronger in participants who were affected by different diseases (MD = - 0.04; 95% CI - 0.07 to - 0.02; I2 0.0). CONCLUSIONS A review of RCTs published to November 2019 found that natural soy products are effective in lowering TNF-α levels. While the beneficial effects on reduction of IL-6 appeared stronger in individuals affected by different diseases, this finding cannot be generalized to all individuals affected by different diseases.
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24
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Rouatbi H, Farhat N, Heying R, Vazquez-Jimenez JF, Parent AS, Seghaye MC. Myocardial Expression of Estrogen Receptor-mRNA Is Associated With Lower Markers of Post-operative Organ Damage in Young Patients With Congenital Cardiac Defect. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:729198. [PMID: 34631625 PMCID: PMC8493930 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.729198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Estrogen receptors (ERs) relate to cardio-protection in adults, but their role in younger patients is not known. We aimed to assess the myocardial expression of ERα- and ERβ- mRNA in young patients with congenital cardiac disease and to analyze their putative protective role. Patients and Methods: Twenty children and young adults (seven females and 13 males) with a median age of 13.8 years (interquartile range: 12.3 years) were enrolled in this prospective study. The myocardial expression of ER-mRNA and genes involved in inflammation, growth, and stress response was assessed by real-time PCR and was correlated to post-operative (po) outcome. Results: ER-mRNA was detected in the myocardium of all patients, independently of gender and age. The expression of ER-mRNA correlated with that of mRNA coding for brain natriuretic peptide and for all cytokines tested. A higher ERα-mRNA expression correlated with lower troponin T concentrations at 24 h po (p = 0.032), higher PaO2/FiO2 ratio at 4 h po (p = 0.059), lower fluid retention at 4 h po (p = 0.048), and lower aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels at 24 h po (p = 0.047). A higher ERβ-mRNA expression was also correlated with lower fluid retention at 24 h po (p = 0.048). Patients in whom the levels of ERα- and ERβ-mRNA were >P50 had lower troponin T (p = 0.003, respectively) and lower AST concentrations at 24 h po (p = 0.043, respectively) than the others. Conclusions: The expression of ERα- and ERβ-mRNA is present in the myocardium of children and young adults with congenital cardiac defect and is associated with lower markers of po organ damage. This suggests that ERs may provide perioperative organ protection in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Rouatbi
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nesrine Farhat
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ruth Heying
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jaime F Vazquez-Jimenez
- Department of Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anne-Simone Parent
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie-Christine Seghaye
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium
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25
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Sen A, Kaul A, Kaul R. Estrogen receptors in human bladder cells regulate innate cytokine responses to differentially modulate uropathogenic E. coli colonization. Immunobiology 2020; 226:152020. [PMID: 33246308 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.152020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The bladder epithelial cells elicit robust innate immune responses against urinary tract infections (UTIs) for preventing the bacterial colonization. Physiological fluctuations in circulating estrogen levels in women increase the susceptibility to UTI pathogenesis, often resulting in adverse health outcomes. Dr adhesin bearing Escherichia coli (Dr E. coli) cause recurrent UTIs in menopausal women and acute pyelonephritis in pregnant women. Dr E. coli bind to epithelial cells via host innate immune receptor CD55, under hormonal influence. The role of estrogens or estrogen receptors (ERs) in regulating the innate immune responses in the bladder are poorly understood. In the current study, we investigated the role of ERα, ERβ and GPR30 in modulating the innate immune responses against Dr E. coli induced UTI using human bladder epithelial carcinoma 5637 cells (HBEC). Both ERα and ERβ agonist treatment in bladder cells induced a protection against Dr E. coli invasion via upregulation of TNFα and downregulation of CD55 and IL10, and these effects were reversed by action of ERα and ERβ antagoinsts. In contrast, the agonist-mediated activation of GPR30 led to an increased bacterial colonization due to suppression of innate immune factors in the bladder cells, and these effects were reversed by the antagonist-mediated suppression of GPR30. Further, siRNA-mediated ERα knockdown in the bladder cells reversed the protection against bacterial invasion observed in the ERα positive bladder cells, by modulating the gene expression of TNFα, CD55 and IL10, thus confirming the protective role of ERα. We demonstrate for the first time a protective role of nuclear ERs, ERα and ERβ but not of membrane ER, GPR30 against Dr E. coli invasion in HBEC 5637 cells. These findings have many clinical implications and suggest that ERs may serve as potential drug targets towards developing novel therapeutics for regulating local innate immunity and treating UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayantika Sen
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK 74107, USA; Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Anil Kaul
- Health Care Administration, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK 74107, USA
| | - Rashmi Kaul
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK 74107, USA.
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26
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Khan N. Possible protective role of 17β-estradiol against COVID-19. JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 1:38-48. [PMID: 33196058 PMCID: PMC7665224 DOI: 10.46439/allergy.1.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); a worldwide pandemic as declared by the World Health Organization (WHO). SARS-CoV-2 appears to infect cells by first binding and priming its viral-spike proteins with membrane-associated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Through the coordinated actions of ACE2 and TMPRSS2, SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins fuse with plasma membranes and ultimately the virus enters cells. ACE2 is integral to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and SARS-CoV-2 down-regulates protein expression levels of ACE2. Once infected, patients typically develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and a number of other severe complications that result in a high rate of fatality, especially in older (>60 years) adults and in people with pre-existing medical conditions. Data now indicate clearly that among people of all age groups, COVID-19 fatalities are higher in men than women. Here, attention is focused on these sex differences and posit a role of estrogen in these differences as well as possible therapeutic and protective actions of 17β-estradiol against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabab Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203, USA
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27
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Seifert HA, Gerstner G, Kent G, Vandenbark AA, Offner H. Estrogen-induced compensatory mechanisms protect IL-10-deficient mice from developing EAE. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:195. [PMID: 31665042 PMCID: PMC6821034 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1588-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background IL-10 knockout (KO) mice are protected from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) with low-dose estrogen (E2) treatment similar to wild-type (WT) mice. Previous studies have demonstrated a decrease in tumor necrosis factor in all E2-treated groups, which led to the protection of the mice. Methods This study used IL-10 KO mice and WT mice treated either with E2 or sham pellets 7 days prior to induction of EAE. Mice were observed for 21 days post-immunization. The spleen, inguinal lymph nodes, and brain were evaluated by flow cytometry. Spinal cords were evaluated using a cytokine/chemokine array, RT-PCR, and histology. Results This study demonstrates that E2 treatment induced three heightened regulatory mechanisms that potentially protect IL-10 KO mice from EAE: (1) an increase in programmed death-ligands 1 and 2 on monocytes and macrophages in the periphery and within the CNS; (2) an increase in CD73 in the inflamed CNS, which can increase the production of the anti-inflammatory molecule adenosine; and (3) a decrease in CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in the spleen. Together, these factors comprise an alternative compensatory mechanism that significantly downregulates key pro-inflammatory cytokine, chemokine, and chemokine receptor genes which are enhanced in the spinal cord of IL-10 KO mice. This group of E2-treated mice remained asymptomatic after EAE challenge similar to E2-treated WT mice, despite their having more T and B lymphocytes in the brain, and modestly increased demyelination in the spinal cord. Conclusion These results indicate that previously unrecognized compensatory mechanisms of EAE protection are stimulated by E2 in the absence of IL-10, which can provide disease protection comparable to the IL-10-dependent effects induced by E2 in WT mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary A Seifert
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, R&D-31, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Grant Gerstner
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, R&D-31, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Gail Kent
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, R&D-31, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Arthur A Vandenbark
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, R&D-31, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Halina Offner
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. .,Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, R&D-31, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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28
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The Adaptive Immune System in Multiple Sclerosis: An Estrogen-Mediated Point of View. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101280. [PMID: 31635066 PMCID: PMC6829884 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic central nervous system inflammatory disease that leads to demyelination and neurodegeneration. The third trimester of pregnancy, which is characterized by high levels of estrogens, has been shown to be associated with reduced relapse rates compared with the rates before pregnancy. These effects could be related to the anti-inflammatory properties of estrogens, which orchestrate the reshuffling of the immune system toward immunotolerance to allow for fetal growth. The action of these hormones is mediated by the transcriptional regulation activity of estrogen receptors (ERs). Estrogen levels and ER expression define a specific balance of immune cell types. In this review, we explore the role of estradiol (E2) and ERs in the adaptive immune system, with a focus on estrogen-mediated cellular, molecular, and epigenetic mechanisms related to immune tolerance and neuroprotection in MS. The epigenome dynamics of immune systems are described as key molecular mechanisms that act on the regulation of immune cell identity. This is a completely unexplored field, suggesting a future path for more extensive research on estrogen-induced coregulatory complexes and molecular circuitry as targets for therapeutics in MS.
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29
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Yilmaz C, Karali K, Fodelianaki G, Gravanis A, Chavakis T, Charalampopoulos I, Alexaki VI. Neurosteroids as regulators of neuroinflammation. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 55:100788. [PMID: 31513776 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a physiological protective response in the context of infection and injury. However, neuroinflammation, especially if chronic, may also drive neurodegeneration. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI), display inflammatory activation of microglia and astrocytes. Intriguingly, the central nervous system (CNS) is a highly steroidogenic environment synthesizing steroids de novo, as well as metabolizing steroids deriving from the circulation. Neurosteroid synthesis can be substantially affected by neuroinflammation, while, in turn, several steroids, such as 17β-estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and allopregnanolone, can regulate neuroinflammatory responses. Here, we review the role of neurosteroids in neuroinflammation in the context of MS, AD, PD and TBI and describe underlying molecular mechanisms. Moreover, we introduce the concept that synthetic neurosteroid analogues could be potentially utilized for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canelif Yilmaz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kanelina Karali
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Georgia Fodelianaki
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Achille Gravanis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ioannis Charalampopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vasileia Ismini Alexaki
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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30
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Qian L, Shi H, Ding M. Comparative analysis of gene expression profiles in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3989-4000. [PMID: 30942443 PMCID: PMC6472094 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that is typically diagnosed in children. The aim of the present study was to identify potential genes involved in the pathogenesis of childhood T1D. Two datasets of mRNA expression in children with T1D were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in children with T1D were identified. Functional analysis was performed and a protein‑protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, as was a transcription factor (TF)‑target network. The expression of selected DEGs was further assessed using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) analysis. Electronic validation and diagnostic value analysis of the identified DEGs [cytokine inducible SH2 containing protein (CISH), SR‑related CTD associated factor 11 (SCAF11), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), Rho GTPase activating protein 25 (ARHGAP25), major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR β4 (HLA‑DRB4) and interleukin 23 subunit α (IL23A)] was performed in the GEO dataset. Compared with the normal control group, a total of 1,467 DEGs with P<0.05 were identified in children with T1D. CISH and SCAF11 were determined to be the most up‑ and downregulated genes, respectively. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D (HNRNPD; degree=33), protein kinase AMP‑activated catalytic subunit α1 (PRKAA1; degree=11), integrin subunit α4 (ITGA4; degree=8) and ESR1 (degree=8) were identified in the PPI network as high‑degree genes. ARHGAP25 (degree=12), HNRNPD (degree=10), HLA‑DRB4 (degree=10) and IL23A (degree=9) were high‑degree genes identified in the TF‑target network. RT‑qPCR revealed that the expression of HNRNPD, PRKAA1, ITGA4 and transporter 2, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member was consistent with the results of the integrated analysis. Furthermore, the results of the electronic validation were consistent with the bioinformatics analysis. SCAF11, CISH and ARHGAP25 were identified to possess value as potential diagnostic markers for children with T1D. In conclusion, identifying DEGs in children with T1D may contribute to our understanding of its pathogenesis, and such DEGs may be used as diagnostic biomarkers for children with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Qian
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Honglei Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Meili Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
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Haplotypes of TNF α/ β Genes Associated with Sex-Specific Paranoid Schizophrenic Risk in Tunisian Population. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:3502564. [PMID: 30627222 PMCID: PMC6304811 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3502564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Several medical research findings have announced a strong association between the biology of cytokines and various brain activities. Since growing evidences suggest the crucial and complex role of the tumor necrosis factor in the CNS, we have hypothesized that functional genetic variants of the LTA and TNFA genes (LTA +252A/G (rs909253) and TNFA -857C/T (rs1799724) and TNFA -238G/A (rs361525)) may be involved in the predisposition to schizophrenia. This research is based on a case-control study. The RFLP-PCR genotyping was conducted on a Tunisian population composed of 208 patients and 208 controls. We found a strong significant overrepresentation of the minor alleles (G, T, and A, respectively) in all patients compared with controls (p = 0.003, OR = 1.55; p = 0.005, OR = 1.78; and p = 0.0001, OR = 1.74, respectively). This correlation was confirmed for male but not for female patients. Interestingly, the frequencies of the minor alleles were significantly more common among patients with paranoid schizophrenia when compared with controls (p = 0.003, OR = 1.75; p = 5 · 10-6, OR = 3.04; and p = 4 · 10-6, OR = 2.35, respectively). This potential association was confirmed by a logistic binary regression analysis only for the development of the paranoid form of schizophrenia (p = 0.001/OR = 2.6; p = 0.0002/OR = 3.2; and p = 0.0004/OR = 3.1, respectively) and remained not significant for the other subtypes. Moreover, our study showed an important association between GCA haplotype and the development of this pathological form (p = 10-4, OR = 3.71). In conclusion, our results proved a significant association between the three polymorphisms and paranoid schizophrenia, at least in the Tunisian population, suggesting a substantially increased risk for paranoid schizophrenia with dominant inheritance of these three minor alleles.
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32
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Evaluating sex hormones and cytokine profile in Egyptian females with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2018; 54:30. [PMID: 30459503 PMCID: PMC6223740 DOI: 10.1186/s41983-018-0030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sexual dimorphism shown in multiple sclerosis suggests an interaction between immune system and sex hormones. The objective of this study is to determine the hormonal profile and serum cytokine levels in Egyptian female patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) compared with healthy controls and their associations with disease disability. Methods This study was conducted on 40 female patients with RRMS and 20 age-matched controls subjected to measurements of the hormonal profile (estrogen, testosterone) and cytokine levels (interleukin 10 and 4 and tumor necrosis factor alpha) and disability assessment using Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Results Levels of estrogen, testosterone, interleukin 10 and 4 (IL-10 and IL-4), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were higher in patients compared to control with no statistically significant difference. Estrogen levels were positively correlated with interleukin 10 and interleukin 4 levels and negatively correlated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), but there was no statistically significant correlation between hormonal profile or cytokine profile (IL-10, IL-4, and TNF-α) and EDSS. Conclusions It is suggested that estrogen has an anti-inflammatory effect on cytokine milieu; therefore, it can be tried as a treatment option in multiple sclerosis.
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Garnier L, Laffont S, Lélu K, Yogev N, Waisman A, Guéry JC. Estrogen Signaling in Bystander Foxp3neg CD4+ T Cells Suppresses Cognate Th17 Differentiation in Trans and Protects from Central Nervous System Autoimmunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:3218-3228. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Vermillion MS, Ursin RL, Attreed SE, Klein SL. Estriol Reduces Pulmonary Immune Cell Recruitment and Inflammation to Protect Female Mice From Severe Influenza. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3306-3320. [PMID: 30032246 PMCID: PMC6109301 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Estriol (E3) is an endogenous estrogen in females with broad biological activity within diverse tissue types. In the context of certain T-cell-mediated autoimmune inflammatory diseases, E3 can ameliorate disease severity through immunomodulatory mechanisms that decrease tissue inflammation. Severe disease caused by influenza A virus (IAV) infection is also characterized by aberrant inflammation and immunopathology. How E3 might affect the pathogenesis of IAV infection, however, has not been explored. Gonadally intact female C57BL/6 mice that were treated with exogenous E3 during infection with mouse-adapted 2009 H1N1 had reduced total pulmonary inflammation and improved disease outcomes compared with females that received no hormone. Furthermore, compared with no hormone treatment, E3 treatment reduced the induction of genes associated with proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses in the lungs, which preceded clinical disease, reductions in innate immune cell recruitment, altered pulmonary T-cell skewing, and reduced antibody titers during IAV infection. Although E3 treatment was associated with reduced local and systemic anti-influenza adaptive immune responses, there was no effect of E3 on viral replication or clearance. Together, these data suggest that exogenous E3 confers protection during IAV infection through immunomodulatory mechanisms and that E3 may have broad therapeutic potential in the context of both infectious and noninfectious inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan S Vermillion
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rebecca L Ursin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sarah E Attreed
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Correspondence: Sabra L. Klein, PhD, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205. E-mail:
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Estriol is the main estrogen in pregnancy, but has received less attention outside gestation. It is well known that pregnancy has an immunosuppressive effect on many autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, thyroiditis, uveitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Emerging evidence indicates that estriol has potential immunomodulatory benefits for many disease states including autoimmune, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative conditions. In this review, we discuss emerging roles for estriol in the treatment of menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, cancer, hyperlipidemia, vascular disease, and multiple sclerosis. Estriol appears to offer a potentially cost-effective approach to a variety of conditions and may offer a wide range of health benefits. METHODS We reviewed the English language MEDLINE literature with estriol in the title with emphasis on publications including nonpregnant females between January 1974 and August 2016. Approximately 393 such articles were considered and 72 articles have been referenced in this review. RESULTS Estriol offers considerable benefits for postmenopausal women with reduced risks that are normally associated with traditional hormone therapies. These benefits include improved control of menopausal symptoms and better urogenital health. Moreover, the immunomodulatory role of estriol in reducing proinflammatory cytokines may be an important new therapeutic option for chronic autoimmune and neurodegenerative illnesses. Since it is a relatively weak estrogen, there is potential for use in men for conditions such as multiple sclerosis. CONCLUSIONS We conclude transvaginal estriol potentially offers a suitable physiologic delivery and cost-effective alternative to currently available estrogen regimens in selected patients. Additional studies on mode of delivery, safety, and efficacy merit further investigation.
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Rafiee Zadeh A, Ghadimi K, Mohammadi B, Hatamian H, Naghibi SN, Danaeiniya A. Effects of Estrogen and Progesterone on Different Immune Cells Related to Multiple Sclerosis. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/cjns.4.13.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Seifert HA, Vandenbark AA, Offner H. Regulatory B cells in experimental stroke. Immunology 2018; 154:169-177. [PMID: 29313944 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment options for human stroke are limited mainly to the modestly effective infusion of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), with additional improvement of functional independence and higher rates of angiographic revascularization observed after mechanical thrombectomy. However, new therapeutic strategies that address post-stroke immune-mediated inflammatory responses are urgently needed. Recent studies in experimental stroke have firmly implicated immune mechanisms in the propagation and partial resolution of central nervous system damage after the ischaemic event. A new-found anti-inflammatory role for regulatory B (Breg) cells in autoimmune diseases sparked interest in these cells as potential immunomodulators in stroke. Subsequent studies identified interleukin-10 as a common regulatory cytokine among all five of the currently recognized Breg cell subsets, several of which can be found in the affected brain hemisphere after induction of experimental stroke in mice. Transfer of enriched Breg cell subpopulations into both B-cell-depleted and wild-type mice confirmed their potent immunosuppressive activities in vivo, including recruitment and potentiation of regulatory T cells. Moreover, Breg cell therapy strongly reduced stroke volumes and treatment outcomes in ischaemic mice even when administered 24 hr after induction of experimental stroke, a treatment window far exceeding that of tPA. These striking results suggest that transfer of enriched Breg cell populations could have therapeutic value in human stroke, although considerable clinical challenges remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary A Seifert
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Arthur A Vandenbark
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Halina Offner
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Modulation of HIV replication in monocyte derived macrophages (MDM) by steroid hormones. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191916. [PMID: 29373606 PMCID: PMC5786332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant sex specific differences in the progression of HIV/AIDS have been reported. Several studies have implicated steroid hormones in regulating host factor expression and modulating HIV transmission and replication. However, the exact mechanism exerted by steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone in the regulation of HIV-1 replication is still unclear. Results from the current study indicated a dose dependent down regulation of HIV-1 replication in monocyte derived macrophages pre-treated with high concentrations of estrogen or progesterone. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms associated with the down regulation of HIV-1 replication by estrogen and progesterone we used PCR arrays to analyze the expression profile of host genes involved in antiviral responses. Several chemokines, cytokines, transcription factors, interferon stimulated genes and genes involved in type-1 interferon signaling were down regulated in cells infected with HIV-1 pre-treated with high concentrations of estrogen or progesterone compared to untreated HIV-1 infected cells or HIV-1 infected cells treated with low concentrations of estrogen or progesterone. The down regulation of CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 chemokines and IL-1β, IL-6 cytokines in response to high concentrations of estrogen and progesterone pre-treatment in HIV-1 infected cells was confirmed at the protein level by quantitating chemokine and cytokine concentrations in the culture supernatant. These results demonstrate that a potent anti-inflammatory response is mediated by pre-treatment with high concentrations of estrogen and progesterone. Thus, our study suggests a strong correlation between the down-modulation of anti-viral and pro-inflammatory responses mediated by estrogen and progesterone pre-treatment and the down regulation of HIV-1 replication. These findings may be relevant to clinical observations of sex specific differences in patient populations and point to the need for further investigation.
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Lin MY, Li WM, Huang CN, Lee HL, Niu SW, Chen LT, Wu WJ, Hwang SJ. Dialysis Increases the Risk of Bladder Recurrence in Patients with Upper Tract Urothelial Cancer: A Population-Based Study. Ann Surg Oncol 2018; 25:1086-1093. [PMID: 29330720 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-017-6295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relation of dialysis to tumor recurrence in patients with upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) is unknown; however, a limited number of small-scale studies suggest that patients with renal diseases prior to UTUC are more likely to exhibit bladder recurrence. We performed a population-based analysis to determine the effect of dialysis on bladder recurrence for patients with UTUC. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with UTUC (2002-2007) from the Taiwan National Cancer Registry and divided them into two groups-dialysis and non-dialysis groups. These patients were followed up until bladder recurrence, death, or the end of 2010. Competing risk analyses adjusting covariates and death were applied to determine the relation of dialysis and bladder recurrence. RESULTS Of the 5141 eligible patients, 548 (10.7%) were undergoing dialysis. The cumulative bladder recurrence was significantly higher in the dialysis group than in the non-dialysis group (29% vs. 21%, modified log-rank p < 0.001). In the multivariable analysis, the dialysis group exhibited a 64% increased bladder recurrence risk (cause-specific hazard ratio 1.64, 95% confidence interval 1.34-2.01, p < 0.001), which was confirmed using stratification and propensity score weighting methods. The other prognostic factors for bladder recurrence were sex, diabetes, cardiac disorder, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and tumor grade. CONCLUSIONS Despite unknown reasons, approximately one-tenth of patients with UTUC have experienced dialysis treatment. Patients undergoing dialysis have a higher risk of bladder recurrence. Various treatment and screening strategies should be developed for dialysis and non-dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yen Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ming Li
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Ministry of Health and Welfare Pingtung Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nung Huang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Lan Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Niu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jeng Wu
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Jyh Hwang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Faculty of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
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40
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Golden LC, Voskuhl R. The importance of studying sex differences in disease: The example of multiple sclerosis. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:633-643. [PMID: 27870415 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To date, scientific research has often focused on one sex, with assumptions that study of the other sex would yield similar results. However, many diseases affect males and females differently. The sex of a patient can affect the risk for both disease susceptibility and progression. Such differences can be brought to the laboratory bench to be investigated, potentially bringing new treatments back to the clinic. This method of research, known as a "bedside to bench to bedside" approach, has been applied to studying sex differences in multiple sclerosis (MS). Females have greater susceptibly to MS, while males have worse disease progression. These two characteristics of the disease are influenced by the immune system and the nervous system, respectively. Thus, sex differences in each system must be studied. Personalized medicine has been at the forefront of research recently, and studying sex differences in disease fits with this initiative. This review will discuss the known sex differences in MS and highlight how investigating them can lead to new insights and potential treatments for both men and women. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Golden
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Molecular Biology IDP, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rhonda Voskuhl
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Jeong H, Bae EK, Kim H, Eun YH, Kim IY, Kim H, Lee J, Jeon CH, Koh EM, Cha HS. Estrogen attenuates the spondyloarthritis manifestations of the SKG arthritis model. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:198. [PMID: 28882159 PMCID: PMC5590166 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a male-predominant disease, and radiographic evidence of damage is also more severe in males. Estrogen modulates immune-related processes such as T cell differentiation and cytokine production. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of estrogen on the disease activity of spondyloarthritis (SpA). Methods The effects of estrogen on the development of arthritis were evaluated by performing ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol (E2) pellet implantation in zymosan-treated SKG mice. Clinical arthritis scores were measured, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) small-animal positron emission tomography/computed tomography performed to quantify joint inflammation. The expression of inflammatory cytokines in joint tissue was measured. Results E2-treated mice showed remarkable suppression of arthritis clinically and little infiltration of inflammatory cells in the Achilles tendon and intervertebral disc. 18F-FDG uptake was significantly lower in E2-treated mice than in sham-operated (sham) and ovariectomized mice. Expression of TNF, interferon-γ, and IL-17A was significantly reduced in E2-treated mice, whereas expression of sclerostin and Dickkopf-1 was increased in E2-treated mice compared with sham and ovariectomized mice. Conclusions Estrogen suppressed arthritis development in SKG mice, a model of SpA. Results of this study suggest that estrogen has an anti-inflammatory effect on the spondyloarthritis manifestations of the SKG arthritis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Jeong
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Bae
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hunnyun Kim
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeong Hee Eun
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - In Young Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Hyungjin Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Jaejoon Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Chan Hong Jeon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Koh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Hoon-Suk Cha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
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Keselman A, Fang X, White PB, Heller NM. Estrogen Signaling Contributes to Sex Differences in Macrophage Polarization during Asthma. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1573-1583. [PMID: 28760880 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic Th2 inflammation in the lungs that constricts the airways and presents as coughing and wheezing. Asthma mostly affects boys in childhood and women in adulthood, suggesting that shifts in sex hormones alter the course of the disease. Alveolar macrophages have emerged as major mediators of allergic lung inflammation in animal models as well as humans. Whether sex differences exist in macrophage polarization and the molecular mechanism(s) that drive differential responses are not well understood. We found that IL-4-stimulated bone marrow-derived and alveolar macrophages from female mice exhibited greater expression of M2 genes in vitro and after allergen challenge in vivo. Alveolar macrophages from female mice exhibited greater expression of the IL-4Rα and estrogen receptor (ER) α compared with macrophages from male mice following allergen challenge. An ERα-specific agonist enhanced IL-4-induced M2 gene expression in macrophages from both sexes, but more so in macrophages from female mice. Furthermore, IL-4-stimulated macrophages from female mice exhibited more transcriptionally active histone modifications at M2 gene promoters than did macrophages from male mice. We found that supplementation of estrogen into ovariectomized female mice enhanced M2 polarization in vivo upon challenge with allergen and that macrophage-specific deletion of ERα impaired this M2 polarization. The effects of estrogen are long-lasting; bone marrow-derived macrophages from ovariectomized mice implanted with estrogen exhibited enhanced IL-4-induced M2 gene expression compared with macrophages from placebo-implanted littermates. Taken together, our findings suggest that estrogen enhances IL-4-induced M2 gene expression and thereby contributes to sex differences observed in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Keselman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Preston B White
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Nicola M Heller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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Nair RR, Verma P, Singh K. Immune-endocrine crosstalk during pregnancy. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 242:18-23. [PMID: 26965955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The success of pregnancy depends mostly on a synchronized immune-endocrine crosstalk at the maternal-fetal interface. Hormones are important in terms of maintaining the suitable environment and sufficient nutrition for the developing fetus. They also play a major role during the process of parturition and lactation. Maternal immunomodulation is important for the tolerance of semiallogeneic fetus. This is achieved in concert with a variety of endocrine stimulation. Estrogen, progesterone, and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin play a major role in immune modulation during pregnancy. Hormones modulate B cells, dendritic cells, uterine natural killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils to adopt fetal friendly immune phenotypes. Recently the use of hormones in assisted reproductive technology has been found to improve the pregnancy outcome. The present review focuses on the pregnancy-related hormones, their role in immunomodulation for successful pregnancy outcome. This also shed light on the immune-endocrine crosstalk at maternal-fetal interface during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini R Nair
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele University and Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Priyanka Verma
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Kiran Singh
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The relationship between sex hormones and asthma has been evaluated in several studies. The aim of this review article was to investigate the association between asthma and female sex hormones, under different conditions (premenstrual asthma, use of oral contraceptives, menopause, hormone replacement therapy and pregnancy). DESIGN AND SETTING: Narrative review of the medical literature, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT) and Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp). METHODS: We searched the CAPES journal portal, a Brazilian platform that provides access to articles in the MEDLINE, PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases. The following keywords were used based on Medical Subject Headings: asthma, sex hormones, women and use of oral contraceptives. RESULTS: The associations between sex hormones and asthma remain obscure. In adults, asthma is more common in women than in men. In addition, mortality due to asthma is significantly higher among females. The immune system is influenced by sex hormones: either because progesterone stimulates progesterone-induced blocking factor and Th2 cytokines or because contraceptives derived from progesterone and estrogen stimulate the transcription factor GATA-3. CONCLUSIONS: The associations between asthma and female sex hormones remain obscure. We speculate that estrogen fluctuations are responsible for asthma exacerbations that occur in women. Because of the anti-inflammatory action of estrogen, it decreases TNF-α production, interferon-γ expression and NK cell activity. We suggest that further studies that highlight the underlying physiopathological mechanisms contributing towards these interactions should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivaldo Silva
- MD, PhD. Adjunct Professor, Gynecology, Universidade Federal do São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
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45
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van den Broek HHLP, Damoiseaux JGMC, De Baets MH, Hupperts RMM. The influence of sex hormones on cytokines in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: a review. Mult Scler 2016; 11:349-59. [PMID: 15957520 DOI: 10.1191/1352458505ms1174rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The female predominance of multiple sclerosis (MS) has suggested that hormonal differences between the sexes must confer some protective effect on males or enhance the susceptibility of females to this disease. There has been evidence that gonadal hormones can modulate the immune response regulated by antigen presenting cells and T cells. These cells control the immune response by the production of interacting pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The first include the acute phase pro-inflammatory cytokines of the innate immune response as well as the T-helper 1 (Th1) cytokines, while the later contain the Th2 cytokines as well as the suppressor cytokines. There is some evidence that MS and experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) are Th1 cell-mediated diseases. For this reason many studies have been done to influence the pro-inflammatory cytokine production of these Th1 cells in favour of an anti-inflammatory immune response as mediated by Th2 cells. However the role of the regulatory T cells in this context is not clearly understood. Here we review the studies concerning the role of sex hormones on the cytokine production in relation to the disease course of MS and EAE and in particular in the light of the recent revival of the regulatory T cells and their suppressive cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans H L P van den Broek
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Maastricht, P Debyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Rapoport Y, Singer JM, Ling JD, Gregory A, Kohanim S. A Comprehensive Review of Sex Disparities in Symptoms, Pathophysiology, and Epidemiology of Dry Eye Syndrome. Semin Ophthalmol 2016; 31:325-36. [DOI: 10.3109/08820538.2016.1154168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Lin X, Huang T. Impact of pregnancy and oestrogen on psoriasis and potential therapeutic use of selective oestrogen receptor modulators for psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 30:1085-91. [PMID: 27072912 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Lin
- Department of Dermatology First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - T. Huang
- Department of Dermatology Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian China
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Ahmedi M, Belguendouz H, Messaoudene D, Mesbah-Amroun H, Terahi M, Lahlou-Boukoffa O, Touil-Boukoffa C. Influence des hormones stéroïdes sur la production de deux marqueurs inflammatoires, l’IL-12 et le monoxyde d’azote, au cours de la maladie de Behçet. J Fr Ophtalmol 2016; 39:333-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wu SY, Chen YW, Tsai SF, Wu SN, Shih YH, Jiang-Shieh YF, Yang TT, Kuo YM. Estrogen ameliorates microglial activation by inhibiting the Kir2.1 inward-rectifier K(+) channel. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22864. [PMID: 26960267 PMCID: PMC4785403 DOI: 10.1038/srep22864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although the etiology of PD remains unclear, age and male gender are known PD risk factors. By comparing microglia and dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) of male and female mice of different ages, we found that the degrees of microglial activation and DA neuron loss increased with age in both genders, but were more pronounced in males, as were peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial activation and DA neuron loss. A bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) eliminated the female-associated protection against age- and LPS-induced microglial activation, which suggests that ovary hormones are involved in gender-specific responses. Treating female mice with 17β-estradiol supplements reduced the age-associated microglial activation in OVX mice. Moreover, pretreating mouse BV2 microglial cells with 17β-estradiol inhibited LPS-induced elevation of Toll-like receptor 4, phosphorylated p38, and TNF-α levels. We then examined the effect of 17β-estradiol on inward-rectifier K(+) channel Kir2.1, a known regulator of microglial activation. We found that 17β-estradiol inhibited the Kir2.1 activity of BV2 cells by reducing the probability that the channel would be open. We conclude that age- and inflammation-associated microglial activation is attenuated by ovarian estrogen, because it inhibits Kir2.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ying Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Wen Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsiang Shih
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fen Jiang-Shieh
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ting Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Two cases of multiple sclerosis manifesting after in vitro fertilization procedures. J Neurol 2016; 263:603-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-016-8041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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