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Sun Q, Li Z, Wang Z, Wang Q, Qin F, Pan H, Lin W, Mu X, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Ji J, Lu Z. Immunosuppression by opioids: Mechanisms of action on innate and adaptive immunity. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 209:115417. [PMID: 36682388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Opioids are excellent analgesics for the clinical treatment of various types of acute and chronic pain, particularly cancer-related pain. Nevertheless, it is well known that opioids have some nasty side effects, including immunosuppression, which is commonly overlooked. As a result, the incidence of opportunistic bacterial and viral infections increases in patients with long-term opioid use. Nowadays, there are no effective medications to alleviate opioid-induced immunosuppression. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanism of opioids in immunosuppression can enable researchers to devise effective therapeutic interventions. This review comprehensively summarized the exogenous opioids-induced immunosuppressive effects and their underlying mechanisms, the regulatory roles of endogenous opioids on the immune system, the potential link between opioid immunosuppressive effect and the function of the central nervous system (CNS), and the future perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinmei Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhonghao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zijing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qisheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fenfen Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Haotian Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Weixin Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinru Mu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yongwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianjian Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhigang Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Gluten Exorphins Promote Cell Proliferation through the Activation of Mitogenic and Pro-Survival Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043912. [PMID: 36835317 PMCID: PMC9966116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic and systemic autoimmune disorder that affects preferentially the small intestine of individuals with a genetic predisposition. CD is promoted by the ingestion of gluten, a storage protein contained in the endosperm of the seeds of wheat, barley, rye, and related cereals. Once in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, gluten is enzymatically digested with the consequent release of immunomodulatory and cytotoxic peptides, i.e., 33mer and p31-43. In the late 1970s a new group of biologically active peptides, called gluten exorphins (GEs), was discovered and characterized. In particular, these short peptides showed a morphine-like activity and high affinity for the δ-opioid receptor (DOR). The relevance of GEs in the pathogenesis of CD is still unknown. Recently, it has been proposed that GEs could contribute to asymptomatic CD, which is characterized by the absence of symptoms that are typical of this disorder. In the present work, GEs cellular and molecular effects were in vitro investigated in SUP-T1 and Caco-2 cells, also comparing viability effects with human normal primary lymphocytes. As a result, GEs treatments increased tumor cell proliferation by cell cycle and Cyclins activation as well as by induction of mitogenic and pro-survival pathways. Finally, a computational model of GEs interaction with DOR is provided. Altogether, the results might suggest a possible role of GEs in CD pathogenesis and on its associated cancer comorbidities.
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Brejchova J, Holan V, Svoboda P. Expression of Opioid Receptors in Cells of the Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E315. [PMID: 33396783 PMCID: PMC7795304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The observation of the immunomodulatory effects of opioid drugs opened the discussion about possible mechanisms of action and led researchers to consider the presence of opioid receptors (OR) in cells of the immune system. To date, numerous studies analyzing the expression of OR subtypes in animal and human immune cells have been performed. Some of them confirmed the expression of OR at both the mRNA and protein level, while others did not detect the receptor mRNA either. Although this topic remains controversial, further studies are constantly being published. The most recent articles suggested that the expression level of OR in human peripheral blood lymphocytes could help to evaluate the success of methadone maintenance therapy in former opioid addicts, or could serve as a biomarker for chronic pain diagnosis. However, the applicability of these findings to clinical practice needs to be verified by further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Brejchova
- Laboratory of Biomathematics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Vladimir Holan
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Svoboda
- Laboratory of Biomathematics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
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Xu N, Wang Y, Zhao S, Jiao T, Xue H, Shan F, Zhang N. Naltrexone (NTX) relieves inflammation in the collagen-induced- arthritis (CIA) rat models through regulating TLR4/NFκB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 79:106056. [PMID: 31865244 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to study the efficacy and mechanism by which NTX alleviate arthritis in CIA rat models in vivo. METHODS Female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, their weights were observed and the severity of arthritis and pathological changes were evaluated by HE staining. T lymphocyte subsets were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of cytokines was detected in peripheral serum by ELISA. Real time PCR, immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis were utilized to detect the mRNA and protein expression of opioid receptors, TLR4, RANKL and /NF-κB in synovial tissue and the spleen. RESULTS The weight of the rats in the 10 mg/kg NTX group decreased the least, and had the least severe arthritis. CD4+ T cells, Th1 cells and Treg cells increased, and CD8+T cells, Th1 cells and Th17 cells decreased in the splenic lymphocytes. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines decreased, and the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines increased. MOR and DOR were strongly expressed in the spleen, whereas KOR and DOR were strongly expressed in synovial tissue. The expression of TLR4, NF-κB and RANKL was reduced in the spleen and synovium in the NTX group. CONCLUSIONS NTX relieved the severity of arthritis in the CIA rat models at a concentration of 10 mg/kg by regulating T lymphocyte subsets and the expression of cytokines. NTX affected opioid receptors to inhibit the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, regulating the systemic immune response and decreasing osteoclast differentiation, thereby alleviating inflammation and the erosion of articular cartilage along with bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neili Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Yuejiao Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Ting Jiao
- Department of Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Hongxia Xue
- Department of Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Fengping Shan
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China.
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Basso L, Garnier L, Bessac A, Boué J, Blanpied C, Cenac N, Laffont S, Dietrich G. T-lymphocyte-derived enkephalins reduce T h1/T h17 colitis and associated pain in mice. J Gastroenterol 2018; 53:215-226. [PMID: 28424989 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-017-1341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endogenous opioids, including enkephalins, are fundamental regulators of pain. In inflammatory conditions, the local release of opioids by leukocytes at the inflammatory site inhibits nociceptor firing, thereby inducing analgesia. Accordingly, in chronic intestinal Th1/Th17-associated inflammation, enkephalins released by colitogenic CD4+ T lymphocytes relieve inflammation-induced visceral pain. The present study aims to investigate whether mucosal T-cell-derived enkephalins also exhibit a potent anti-inflammatory activity as described for exogenous opioid drugs in Th1/Th17-associated colitis. METHODS The anti-inflammatory effects of endogenous opioids were investigated in both Th1/Th17-associated (transfer of CD4+CD45RBhigh T lymphocytes) and Th2-associated (oxazolone) colitis models in mice. Inflammation-induced colonic damage and CD4+ T cell subsets were compared in mice treated or not treated with naloxone methiodide, a peripheral antagonist of opioid receptors. The anti-inflammatory activity of T-cell-derived enkephalins was further estimated by comparison of colitis severity in immunodeficient mice into which naïve CD4+CD45RBhigh T lymphocytes originating from wild-type or enkephalin-knockout mice had been transferred. RESULTS Peripheral opioid receptor blockade increases the severity of Th1/Th17-induced colitis and attenuates Th2 oxazolone colitis. The opposite effects of naloxone methiodide treatment in these two models of intestinal inflammation are dependent on the potency of endogenous opioids to promote a Th2-type immune response. Accordingly, the transfer of enkephalin-deficient CD4+CD45RBhigh T lymphocytes into immunodeficient mice exacerbates inflammation-induced colonic injury. CONCLUSIONS Endogenous opioids, including T-cell-derived enkephalins, promote a Th2-type immune response, which, depending on the context, may either attenuate (Th1/Th17-associated) or aggravate (Th2-associated) intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Basso
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Garnier
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Bessac
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Boué
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Blanpied
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Cenac
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Laffont
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Gilles Dietrich
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France.
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Stechova K, Kolar M, Blatny R, Halbhuber Z, Vcelakova J, Hubackova M, Petruzelkova L, Sumnik Z, Obermannova B, Pithova P, Stavikova V, Krivjanska M, Neuwirth A, Kolouskova S, Filipp D. Healthy first-degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes exhibit significant differences in basal gene expression pattern of immunocompetent cells compared to controls: expression pattern as predeterminant of autoimmune diabetes. Scand J Immunol 2015; 75:210-9. [PMID: 21923738 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02637.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Expression features of genetic landscape which predispose an individual to the type 1 diabetes are poorly understood. We addressed this question by comparing gene expression profile of freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from either patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), or their first-degree relatives or healthy controls. Our aim was to establish whether a distinct type of 'prodiabetogenic' gene expression pattern in the group of relatives of patients with T1D could be identified. Whole-genome expression profile of nine patients with T1D, their ten first-degree relatives and ten healthy controls was analysed using the human high-density expression microarray chip. Functional aspects of candidate genes were assessed using the MetaCore software. The highest number of differentially expressed genes (547) was found between the autoantibody-negative healthy relatives and the healthy controls. Some of them represent genes critically involved in the regulation of innate immune responses such as TLR signalling and CCR3 signalling in eosinophiles, humoral immune reactions such as BCR pathway, costimulation and cytokine responses mediated by CD137, CD40 and CD28 signalling and IL-1 proinflammatory pathway. Our data demonstrate that expression profile of healthy relatives of patients with T1D is clearly distinct from the pattern found in the healthy controls. That especially concerns differential activation status of genes and signalling pathways involved in proinflammatory processes and those of innate immunity and humoral reactivity. Thus, we posit that the study of the healthy relative's gene expression pattern is instrumental for the identification of novel markers associated with the development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Stechova
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Kolar
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Blatny
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Z Halbhuber
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Vcelakova
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Hubackova
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Petruzelkova
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Z Sumnik
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B Obermannova
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Pithova
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Stavikova
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Krivjanska
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Neuwirth
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S Kolouskova
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Filipp
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
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Li W, Chen W, Herberman RB, Plotnikoff NP, Youkilis G, Griffin N, Wang E, Lu C, Shan F. Immunotherapy of cancer via mediation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by methionine enkephalin (MENK). Cancer Lett 2013; 344:212-22. [PMID: 24291668 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the immunological mechanisms by which synthetic methionine enkephalin (MENK) exerts therapeutic effects on tumor growth. Our findings in vivo or in vitro show that MENK treatment either in vivo or in vitro could up-regulate the percentages of CD8+T cells, induce markers of activated T cells, increased cytotoxic activity against mouse S180 tumor cells and increase secretion of IFNγ. In addition, the adoptively transferred CD8+T cells, after either in vitro or in vivo treatment with MENK, result in significantly increased survival of S180 tumor-bearing mice and significant shrinkage in tumor growth. Opioid receptors are detected on normal CD8+T cells and exposure to MENK leads to increased expression of opioid receptors. Interaction between MENK and the opioid receptors on CD8+T cells appears to be essential for the activation of CTL, since the addition of naltrexone (NTX), an opioid receptor antagonist, significantly inhibits all of the effects of MENK. The evidence obtained indicates that the MENK-induced T cell signaling is associated with a significant up-regulation of Ca2+ influx into the cytoplasm and the translocation of NFAT2 into nucleus, and these signaling effects are also inhibited by naltrexone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 92, North Second Road, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Wenna Chen
- Center of Teaching & Research, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 79, Chongshan Eastern Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110847, PR China
| | - Ronald B Herberman
- TNI Bio Tech. Inc., 6701 Democracy Blvd., Suite 300, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | | | - Gene Youkilis
- TNI Bio Tech. Inc., 6701 Democracy Blvd., Suite 300, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Noreen Griffin
- TNI Bio Tech. Inc., 6701 Democracy Blvd., Suite 300, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Enhua Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 92, North Second Road, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Changlong Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 92, North Second Road, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Fengping Shan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 92, North Second Road, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, PR China.
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8
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Olin MR, Oh S, Roy S, Peterson PK, Molitor T. Morphine induces splenocyte trafficking into the CNS. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2012; 7:436-43. [PMID: 21858458 PMCID: PMC3570027 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-011-9307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Opioids significantly alter functional responses of lymphocytes following activation. The opiate Morphine, alters the Th1 to Th2 response and modulates functional responses such as cytolytic activity and T-cell proliferation. Although there has been extensive research involving morphine's effects on lymphocytes, little is known about the effects morphine has on lymphocyte trafficking. The objective of the study was to use in vivo bioluminescent imaging to determine morphine's effect on the trafficking pattern of splenocytes systemically and into the CNS either in a naïve state or following a neuroinflammatory stimulus. A neuroinflammatory response was induced by intracerebrally administering a DNA IFN-γ DNA plasmid into morphine-dependent or placebo wildtype mice. Mice with or without a neurostimulus received adoptively transferred firefly luciferase transgenic splenocytes and imaged. Morphine dependence significantly altered the inherent ability of splenocytes to traffic into the spleen, and lead to non-directed chaotic trafficking throughout the animal, including into the CNS. The morphine-mediated effects on trafficking were blocked by the antagonist naltrexone. Morphine dependence intensified splenocyte infiltration into the CNS following neuroinflammation induced by IFN-γ gene transfer. The study precented determined that morphine severely altered the ability of non-activated splenocytes to home to the spleen, inducing extrasplenic trafficking thoughout the animal. In addition to altering the ability of naive splenocyte to traffic to the spleen, this study demonstrated that morphine profoundly exacerbated lymphocyte infiltration into the CNS following a neurostimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Olin
- University of Minnesota. Department of pediatrics, Minneapolis, MN 55455, 612-616-2246
| | - Seunguk Oh
- University of Minnesota. McGuire Translational Research Facility, Minneapolis, MN 55455, 612-624-1195
| | - Sabita Roy
- University of Minnesota, Department of Pharmacology and Surgery, Minneapolis, MN 55455, 612-624-4615
| | - Phillip K Peterson
- University of Minnesota Medical School. Center for Infectious Diseases and Translational Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55415, 612 626-9923
| | - Thomas Molitor
- University of Minnesota, Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, 225 Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 1365 Gortner Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, 612-625-5295
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9
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Bénard A, Cavaillès P, Boué J, Chapey E, Bayry J, Blanpied C, Meyer N, Lamant L, Kaveri SV, Brousset P, Dietrich G. μ-Opioid Receptor Is Induced by IL-13 within Lymph Nodes from Patients with Sézary Syndrome. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:1337-44. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Autoantibodies to the delta-opioid receptor function as opioid agonists and display immunomodulatory activity. J Neuroimmunol 2009; 217:65-73. [PMID: 19879656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Revised: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we show that affinity purified human anti-delta opioid receptor (DOR) autoantibodies from IVIG are specific to DOR and possess agonistic properties displayed by their ability to dramatically decrease forskolin stimulated cAMP accumulation. Anti-DOR autoantibody also caused phosphorylation of the opioid receptor. Anti-DOR autoantibody treatment showed a significant reduction in CXCR4 gene expression as well as surface protein expression. In contrast, anti-DOR autoantibody treatment significantly upregulated CCR5 gene and protein expression. The presence of anti-DOR autoantibodies in IVIG and their potent immunomodulatory activity is further evidence to support the cross-talk between the neuroendocrine and immune systems.
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11
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Emmett DS, Feranchak A, Kilic G, Puljak L, Miller B, Dolovcak S, McWilliams R, Doctor RB, Fitz JG. Characterization of ionotrophic purinergic receptors in hepatocytes. Hepatology 2008; 47:698-705. [PMID: 18027885 DOI: 10.1002/hep.22035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ionotrophic purinergic (P2X) receptors function as receptor-gated cation channels, where agonist binding leads to opening of a nonselective cation pore permeable to both Na(+) and Ca(2+). Based on evidence that extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) stimulates glucose release from liver, these studies evaluate whether P2X receptors are expressed by hepatocytes and contribute to ATP-dependent calcium signaling and glucose release. Studies were performed in isolated hepatocytes from rats and mice and hepatoma cells from humans and rats. Transcripts and protein for both P2X4 and P2X7 were detectable, and immunohistochemistry of intact liver revealed P2X4 in the basolateral and canalicular domains. In whole cell patch clamp studies, exposure to the P2X4/P2X7 receptor agonist 2'3'-O-(4-benzoyl-benzoyl)-adenosine 5'-triphosphate (BzATP; 10 microM) caused a rapid increase in membrane Na(+) conductance. Similarly, with Fluo-3 fluorescence, BzATP induced an increase in intracellular [Ca(2+)]. P2X4 receptors are likely involved because the calcium response to BzATP was inhibited by Cu(2+), and the P2X4 modulators Zn(2+) and ivermectin (0.3-3 microM) each increased intracellular [Ca(2+)]. Exposure to BzATP decreased cellular glycogen content; and P2X4 receptor messenger RNA increased in glycogen-rich liver samples. CONCLUSION These studies provide evidence that P2X4 receptors are functionally important in hepatocyte Na(+) and Ca(2+) transport, are regulated by extracellular ATP and divalent cation concentrations, and may constitute a mechanism for autocrine regulation of hepatic glycogen metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Emmett
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9030, USA
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12
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Frederick TJ, Miller SD. Arresting autoimmunity by blocking beta-arrestin 1. Nat Immunol 2007; 8:791-2. [PMID: 17641656 DOI: 10.1038/ni0807-791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Shi Y, Feng Y, Kang J, Liu C, Li Z, Li D, Cao W, Qiu J, Guo Z, Bi E, Zang L, Lu C, Zhang JZ, Pei G. Critical regulation of CD4+ T cell survival and autoimmunity by beta-arrestin 1. Nat Immunol 2007; 8:817-24. [PMID: 17618287 DOI: 10.1038/ni1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 06/15/2007] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are important in adaptive immunity, but their dysregulation can cause autoimmunity. Here we demonstrate that the multifunctional adaptor protein beta-arrestin 1 positively regulated naive and activated CD4+ T cell survival. We found enhanced expression of the proto-oncogene Bcl2 through beta-arrestin 1-dependent regulation of acetylation of histone H4 at the Bcl2 promoter. Mice deficient in the gene encoding beta-arrestin 1 (Arrb1) were much more resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, whereas overexpression of Arrb1 increased susceptibility to this disease. CD4+ T cells from patients with multiple sclerosis had much higher Arrb1 expression, and 'knockdown' of Arrb1 by RNA-mediated interference in those cells increased apoptosis induced by cytokine withdrawal. Our data demonstrate that beta-arrestin 1 is critical for CD4+ T cell survival and is a factor in susceptibility to autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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14
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Jaume M, Laffont S, Chapey E, Blanpied C, Dietrich G. Opioid receptor blockade increases the number of lymphocytes without altering T cell response in draining lymph nodes in vivo. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 188:95-102. [PMID: 17617474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Revised: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have been dedicated to estimate the consequences on immunity of the clinical use of opioids by focusing on mitogen-induced polyclonal proliferation of T cells from blood or spleen. Here we examined, under physiological conditions, the contribution of endogenous opioids in the development of a CD4(+) T cell response within draining lymph nodes. We show in OVA-primed DO11.10 mice that delta-opioid receptors were up-regulated upon T cell activation in vivo and that opioid receptor neutralization increased the number of specific anti-OVA T lymphocytes without promoting their capacity to proliferate. The sensitivity to Fas-mediated apoptosis of T lymphocytes and the synthesis of homeostatic lymphoid chemokines were not either affected suggesting that opioids operate mainly before the entry of T lymphocytes into lymph nodes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Cell Death/drug effects
- Cell Death/immunology
- Cell Proliferation
- Dendritic Cells/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Female
- Flow Cytometry/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Genes, MHC Class II/genetics
- Immunoglobulin G/pharmacology
- Lymph Nodes/cytology
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Transgenic
- Naltrexone/pharmacology
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/drug effects
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid/physiology
- fas Receptor/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Martial Jaume
- INSERM, U563, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
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15
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Dubeykovskiy A, McWhinney C, Robishaw JD. Runx-dependent regulation of G-protein gamma3 expression in T-cells. Cell Immunol 2006; 240:86-95. [PMID: 16904090 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2006.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Revised: 06/24/2006] [Accepted: 06/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G-proteins control diverse biological processes by conveying signals from seven-transmembrane receptors to intracellular effectors. Although their signaling roles were originally ascribed to their GTP-bound alpha-subunits, more recent evidence points to the equally active roles played by their betagamma-dimers. To elucidate the individual contributions of their gamma-subtypes, we used a gene targeting approach to show that mice lacking the gamma3-subtype display a defective T-cell dependent immune response. To identify the cellular basis for this defect, we demonstrated that gamma3-mRNA is strongly induced in activated CD4+ T-cells. To determine the mechanism for this regulated expression, we used several strategies to identify the importance of a Runx consensus sequence element in the first intron of the gamma3 gene and the Runx1 protein. Overall, these data provide the first genetic evidence for the tight regulation and involvement of the G protein gamma3-subtype in mounting an effective immune response in mice.
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16
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Sharp BM. Multiple opioid receptors on immune cells modulate intracellular signaling. Brain Behav Immun 2006; 20:9-14. [PMID: 16364815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2005.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2005] [Revised: 02/22/2005] [Accepted: 02/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1979, Joseph Wybran reported his insights into the existence of different opioid receptor subtypes on T-cells. He observed that morphine and methionine enkephalin had different effects on human T-cell rosetting to sheep red blood cells. Since that time, a wide array of laboratories have shown that opiate alkyloids and opioid peptides exert pleiotropic effects on immune cell function. These compounds are immunomodulators, modifying immune responses to extracellular stimuli such as mitogens, antigens, and antibodies that cross-link the T-cell receptor. It has been demonstrated that cells involved in host defense and immunity express mRNA transcripts encoding the various opioid receptors originally described in neuronal tissues. Molecular imaging approaches have demonstrated the regulated expression of both delta and kappa opioid receptors, predominantly on T-cells. Moreover, atypical opiate and opioid binding sites are present on these cells. This review will consider the evidence for both classical and atypical opioid receptors and their effects on signaling within immune cells; our emphasis is the T-cell and its delta opioid receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burt M Sharp
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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17
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Hutchinson MR, Somogyi AA. Relationship between 4,5-epoxymorphinan structure and in vitro modulation of cell proliferation. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 494:251-62. [PMID: 15212982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2004] [Revised: 04/28/2004] [Accepted: 04/30/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Morphine belongs to the class of compounds known as 4,5-epoxymorphinans, which can alter immune function directly via receptors expressed by immune cells. However, the opioid characteristics of these receptors are not clear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro immunomodulatory effects of 24 structurally related 4,5-epoxymorphinans to allow further characterisation of the receptor that mediates the immunomodulation and to ascertain if there is any structure-effect relationship. The immunomodulation of 4,5-epoxymorphinans using isolated mouse splenocytes stimulated with concanavalin A resulted in five types of responses: an inverted bell shaped curve (oxycodone, inhibitory EC(50)=1.6 nM), an inhibitory concentration response curve (buprenorphine, inhibitory EC(50)=12.6 microM), an inverted bell-shaped curve with induction (morphine, induction EC(50)=1.7 microM), an induction concentration response curve (oxymorphone, induction EC(50)=20 nM), and the lack of any response (e.g. noroxycodone). Non-stereoselectivity, naloxone-insensitivity, naloxone-sensitivity and non-classical opioid rank order of effect were all observed. A structure-effect relationship was developed and significant evidence for non-classical opioid receptor function on immune cells was concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Hutchinson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Level 5, Medical School North, University of Adelaide, Frome Road, Adelaide 5005, South Australia, Australia.
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18
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Abougergi MS, Gidner SJ, Spady DK, Miller BC, Thiele DL. Fas and TNFR1, but not cytolytic granule-dependent mechanisms, mediate clearance of murine liver adenoviral infection. Hepatology 2005; 41:97-105. [PMID: 15619234 PMCID: PMC2666068 DOI: 10.1002/hep.20504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
After intravenous injection of replication-deficient adenovirus, hepatocytes are transduced and express high levels of adenovirus-encoded genes. However, adenovirally encoded gene expression is ablated rapidly by CD8+ T-cell-dependent mechanisms. Thus, this model is suitable for examining intrahepatic cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) effector mechanisms. In the present studies, recombinant adenoviruses encoding secreted (human apolipoprotein A-I) or intracellular (beta-galactosidase) gene products were infused into mice with genetic deficiencies affecting the granule exocytosis-, Fas-, or tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1)-mediated pathways of CTL and natural killer cell effector function; the rates of clearance of adenovirus-encoded gene products were assessed. Clearance of secreted or intracellular adenoviral gene products was not delayed in perforin-deficient mice or dipeptidyl peptidase I-deficient mice, which fail to process and activate granzyme A or granzyme B. TNFR1-deficient mice also exhibited no delay in clearance of adenoviral gene products. However, adenoviral clearance from Fas-deficient mice was delayed, and such delays were much greater in mice deficient in both TNFR1 and Fas. In contrast, chimeric mice lacking both hepatic Fas and lymphocyte perforin function exhibited no greater delay in adenoviral clearance than chimeras deficient only in hepatic Fas expression. In conclusion, Fas-dependent mechanisms are required for efficient clearance of virally infected hepatocytes and, in Fas-deficient animals, TNFR1-dependent mechanisms provide an alternative mechanism for hepatic adenovirus clearance. In contrast, perforin- and granule protease-dependent cytotoxicity mechanisms play no apparent role in clearance of adenovirus from the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan S Abougergi
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9151, USA
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19
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Barrie MB, Stout HW, Abougergi MS, Miller BC, Thiele DL. Antiviral Cytokines Induce Hepatic Expression of the Granzyme B Inhibitors, Proteinase Inhibitor 9 and Serine Proteinase Inhibitor 6. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:6453-9. [PMID: 15128837 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.6453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the granzyme B inhibitors, human proteinase inhibitor 9 (PI-9), or the murine orthologue, serine proteinase inhibitor 6 (SPI-6), confers resistance to CTL or NK killing by perforin- and granzyme-dependent effector mechanisms. In light of prior studies indicating that virally infected hepatocytes are selectively resistant to this CTL effector mechanism, the present studies investigated PI-9 and SPI-6 expression in hepatocytes and hepatoma cells in response to adenoviral infection and to cytokines produced during antiviral immune responses. Neither PI-9 nor SPI-6 expression was detected by immunoblotting in uninfected murine or human hepatocytes. Similarly, human Huh-7 hepatoma cells were found to express only very low levels of PI-9 relative to levels detected in perforin- and granzyme-resistant CTL or lymphokine-activated killer cells. Following in vivo adenoviral infection or in vitro culture with IFN-alphabeta or IFN-gamma, SPI-6 expression was induced in murine hepatocytes. Similarly, after culture with IFN-alpha, induction of PI-9 mRNA and protein expression was observed in human hepatocytes and Huh-7 cells. IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha also induced 4- to 10-fold higher levels of PI-9 mRNA expression in Huh-7 cells, whereas levels of mRNA encoding a related serine proteinase inhibitor, proteinase inhibitor 8, were unaffected by culture of Huh-7 cells with IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, or TNF-alpha. These findings indicate that cytokines that promote antiviral cytopathic responses also regulate expression of the cytoprotective molecules, PI-9 and SPI-6, in hepatocytes that are potential targets of CTL and NK effector mechanisms.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae Infections/enzymology
- Adenoviridae Infections/immunology
- Animals
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/virology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/pharmacology
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Granzymes
- Hepatocytes/enzymology
- Hepatocytes/immunology
- Hepatocytes/virology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred MRL lpr
- Mice, Knockout
- Perforin
- Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins
- Serine Endopeptidases/biosynthesis
- Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Serine Endopeptidases/physiology
- Serpins/biosynthesis
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud B Barrie
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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20
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Miller BC, Eckman EA, Sambamurti K, Dobbs N, Chow KM, Eckman CB, Hersh LB, Thiele DL. Amyloid-beta peptide levels in brain are inversely correlated with insulysin activity levels in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:6221-6. [PMID: 12732730 PMCID: PMC156353 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1031520100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors that elevate amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide levels are associated with an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease. Insulysin has been identified as one of several proteases potentially involved in Abeta degradation based on its hydrolysis of Abeta peptides in vitro. In this study, in vivo levels of brain Abeta40 and Abeta42 peptides were found to be increased significantly (1.6- and 1.4-fold, respectively) in an insulysin-deficient gene-trap mouse model. A 6-fold increase in the level of the gamma-secretase-generated C-terminal fragment of the Abeta precursor protein in the insulysin-deficient mouse also was found. In mice heterozygous for the insulysin gene trap, in which insulysin activity levels were decreased approximately 50%, brain Abeta peptides were increased to levels intermediate between those in wild-type mice and homozygous insulysin gene-trap mice that had no detectable insulysin activity. These findings indicate that there is an inverse correlation between in vivo insulysin activity levels and brain Abeta peptide levels and suggest that modulation of insulysin activity may alter the risk for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie C Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas 75390-9151, USA.
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