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Valizadeh M, Raoofian R, Homayoonfar A, Hajati E, Pourfathollah AA. MARCH-I: A negative regulator of dendritic cell maturation. Exp Cell Res 2024; 436:113946. [PMID: 38331309 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The expression of costimulatory molecules such as MHC-II, CD86 and CD83 on dendritic cells (DCs) are strongly regulated during cellular activation. Ubiquitination of some of these markers by the E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH-I affects the maturation state of DCs and subsequently modulates immune responses. The effects of MARCH-I gene overexpression on the functional activity of human DCs is not well understood. Here, we investigate how MARCH-I, regulates maturation of DCs. We now provide evidence that MARCH-I transduced DCs secrete high levels of IL10 despite low secretion of IL 6 and IL 12 in response to LPS stimulation. They are weak stimulators of T lymphocyte cells but skewed T cell polarization toward T regulatory subset. These results exhibit that reduced expression of surface costimulatory molecules suppresses DC activation. It can be concluded that overexpression of MARCH-I gene in DCs leads to the production of tolerogenic DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Valizadeh
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Raoofian
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afrooz Homayoonfar
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmerdis Hajati
- Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali A Pourfathollah
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Liu NN, Yi CX, Wei LQ, Zhou JA, Jiang T, Hu CC, Wang L, Wang YY, Zou Y, Zhao YK, Zhang LL, Nie YT, Zhu YJ, Yi XY, Zeng LB, Li JQ, Huang XT, Ji HB, Kozlakidis Z, Zhong L, Heeschen C, Zheng XQ, Chen C, Zhang P, Wang H. The intratumor mycobiome promotes lung cancer progression via myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:1927-1944.e9. [PMID: 37738973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Although polymorphic microbiomes have emerged as hallmarks of cancer, far less is known about the role of the intratumor mycobiome as living microorganisms in cancer progression. Here, using fungi-enriched DNA extraction and deep shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we have identified enriched tumor-resident Aspergillus sydowii in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). By three different syngeneic lung cancer mice models, we find that A. sydowii promotes lung tumor progression via IL-1β-mediated expansion and activation of MDSCs, resulting in suppressed activity of cytotoxic T lymphocyte cells and accumulation of PD-1+ CD8+ T cells. This is mediated by IL-1β secretion via β-glucan/Dectin-1/CARD9 pathway. Analysis of human samples confirms that enriched A. sydowii is associated with immunosuppression and poor patient outcome. Our findings suggest that intratumor mycobiome, albeit at low biomass, promotes lung cancer progression and could be targeted at the strain level to improve patients with LUAD outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Cheng-Xiang Yi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China; Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lu-Qi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jin-An Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tong Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Science, (Past Name: Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Shanghai 200031, China; Laboratory Services and Biobanking, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Cong-Cong Hu
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Science, (Past Name: Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yun Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Science, (Past Name: Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yi-Kai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Le-Le Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China; Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ya-Ting Nie
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yi-Jing Zhu
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xin-Yao Yi
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Ling-Bing Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330052, China
| | - Jing-Quan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Tian Huang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330052, China
| | - Hong-Bin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zisis Kozlakidis
- Laboratory Services and Biobanking, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Christopher Heeschen
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Changbin Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Science, (Past Name: Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Shanghai 200031, China; Nanjing Advanced Academy of Life and Health, Nanjing 211135, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Gea-Mallorquí E, Rowland-Jones S. DC-targeting lentivectors for cancer immunotherapy. IMMUNOTHERAPY ADVANCES 2023; 3:ltad023. [PMID: 38020311 PMCID: PMC10656295 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lentivectors (LVs) induce sustained transgene expression and are attractive vaccine platforms for complex immune scenarios like cancer and persistent infections. This review summarises the literature on lentivectors with potential uses for in vivo immunotherapy, focussing on those targeting the most potent antigen-presenting cells: dendritic cells (DCs). There is a growing interest in myeloid-targeting therapies as, by influencing an early stage in the immune hierarchy, they can orchestrate a more diverse and complex targeted immune response. We dissect the nature of DC-targeting LVs and their induced immune responses to understand the state of the art, identify the knowledge gaps and guide efforts to maximise the generation of potent and effective immune responses. Lentivector-based vaccines provide several advantages over other vaccine platforms, such as directed tropism and limited vector immunogenicity, and have been shown to generate effective and sustained immune responses. Overall, DC-targeting lentivectors stand out as promising tools to be exploited in cancer immunotherapy, and new-generation LVs can further exploit the gained knowledge in the study of naturally occurring lentiviruses for a more directed and adjuvanted response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Gea-Mallorquí
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Rowland-Jones
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Hussein MS, Li Q, Mao R, Peng Y, He Y. TCR T cells overexpressing c-Jun have better functionality with improved tumor infiltration and persistence in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1114770. [PMID: 37215108 PMCID: PMC10192869 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1114770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The overall 5-year survival rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a major form of liver cancer, is merely 20%, underscoring the need for more effective therapies. We recently identified T cell receptors (TCR) specific for the HLA-A2/alpha fetoprotein amino acids 158-166 (AFP158) and showed that these TCR engineered T cells could control HCC xenografts in NSG mice. However, their efficacy was limited by poor expansion, loss of function, and short persistence of the TCR T cells. Here, we studied whether overexpression of c-Jun, a transcription factor required for T cell activation, in the TCR T cells could enhance their expansion, function, and persistence in HCC tumor models. Methods Recombinant lentiviral vectors (lv), expressing either the HLA-A2/AFP158-specific TCR or both the TCR and c-Jun (TCR-JUN), were constructed and used to transduce primary human T cells to generate the TCR or TCR-JUN T cells, respectively. We compared the expansion, effector function, and exhaustion status of the TCR and TCR-JUN T cells in vitro after HCC tumor stimulation. Additionally, we studied the persistence and antitumor effects of the TCR and TCR-JUN T cells using the HCC xenografts in NSG mice. Results We could effectively transduce primary human T cells to express both TCR and c-Jun. Compared to the HLA-A2/AFP158 TCR T cells, the TCR-JUN T cells have better expansion potential in culture, with enhanced functional capacity against HCC tumor cells. In addition, the TCR-JUN T cells were less apoptotic and more resistant to exhaustion after HepG2 tumor stimulation. In the HCC xenograft tumor model, c-Jun overexpression enhanced the TCR T cell expansion and increased the overall survival rate of the treated mice. Importantly, the TCR-JUN T cells were less exhausted in the tumor lesions and demonstrated enhanced tumor infiltration, functionality, and persistence. Conclusion c-Jun overexpression can enhance the expansion, function, and persistence of the A2/AFP158 TCR engineered T cells. The c-Jun gene co-delivery has the potential to enhance the antitumor efficacy of AFP specific TCR T cells when treating patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Hussein
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Qi Li
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Rui Mao
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Yibing Peng
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Yukai He
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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Lentiviral Vectors as a Vaccine Platform against Infectious Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030846. [PMID: 36986707 PMCID: PMC10053212 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors are among the most effective viral vectors for vaccination. In clear contrast to the reference adenoviral vectors, lentiviral vectors have a high potential for transducing dendritic cells in vivo. Within these cells, which are the most efficient at activating naive T cells, lentiviral vectors induce endogenous expression of transgenic antigens that directly access antigen presentation pathways without the need for external antigen capture or cross-presentation. Lentiviral vectors induce strong, robust, and long-lasting humoral, CD8+ T-cell immunity and effective protection against several infectious diseases. There is no pre-existing immunity to lentiviral vectors in the human population and the very low pro-inflammatory properties of these vectors pave the way for their use in mucosal vaccination. In this review, we have mainly summarized the immunological aspects of lentiviral vectors, their recent optimization to induce CD4+ T cells, and our recent data on lentiviral vector-based vaccination in preclinical models, including prophylaxis against flaviviruses, SARS-CoV-2, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Caraballo Galva LD, Jiang X, Hussein MS, Zhang H, Mao R, Brody P, Peng Y, He AR, Kehinde-Ige M, Sadek R, Qiu X, Shi H, He Y. Novel low-avidity glypican-3 specific CARTs resist exhaustion and mediate durable antitumor effects against HCC. Hepatology 2022; 76:330-344. [PMID: 34897774 PMCID: PMC10568540 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chimeric antigen receptor engineered T cells (CARTs) for HCC and other solid tumors are not as effective as they are for blood cancers. CARTs may lose function inside tumors due to persistent antigen engagement. The aims of this study are to develop low-affinity monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and low-avidity CARTs for HCC and to test the hypothesis that low-avidity CARTs can resist exhaustion and maintain functions in solid tumors, generating durable antitumor effects. METHODS AND RESULTS New human glypican-3 (hGPC3) mAbs were developed from immunized mice. We obtained three hGPC3-specific mAbs that stained HCC tumors, but not the adjacent normal liver tissues. One of them, 8F8, bound an epitope close to that of GC33, the frequently used high-affinity mAb, but with approximately 17-fold lower affinity. We then compared the 8F8 CARTs to GC33 CARTs for their in vitro function and in vivo antitumor effects. In vitro, low-avidity 8F8 CARTs killed both hGPC3high and hGPC3low HCC tumor cells to the same extent as high-avidity GC33 CARTs. 8F8 CARTs expanded and persisted to a greater extent than GC33 CARTs, resulting in durable responses against HCC xenografts. Importantly, compared with GC33 CARTs, there were 5-fold more of 8F8-BBz CARTs in the tumor mass for a longer period of time. Remarkably, the tumor-infiltrating 8F8 CARTs were less exhausted and apoptotic, and more functional than GC33 CARTs. CONCLUSION The low-avidity 8F8-BBz CART resists exhaustion and apoptosis inside tumor lesions, demonstrating a greater therapeutic potential than high-avidity CARTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaotao Jiang
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mohamed S. Hussein
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Huajun Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Rui Mao
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Pierce Brody
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yibing Peng
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Aiwu Ruth He
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Mercy Kehinde-Ige
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ramses Sadek
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xiangguo Qiu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Huidong Shi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yukai He
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Lopez J, Anna F, Authié P, Pawlik A, Ku MW, Blanc C, Souque P, Moncoq F, Noirat A, Hardy D, Sougakoff W, Brosch R, Guinet F, Charneau P, Majlessi L. A lentiviral vector encoding fusion of light invariant chain and mycobacterial antigens induces protective CD4 + T cell immunity. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111142. [PMID: 35905717 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are highly efficient at inducing CD8+ T cell responses. However, LV-encoded antigens are processed inside the cytosol of antigen-presenting cells, which does not directly communicate with the endosomal major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) presentation pathway. LVs are thus poor at inducing CD4+ T cell response. To overcome this limitation, we devised a strategy whereby LV-encoded antigens are extended at their N-terminal end with the MHC-II-associated light invariant chain (li), which contains an endosome-targeting signal sequence. When evaluated with an LV-encoded polyantigen composed of CD4+ T cell targets from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, intranasal vaccination in mice triggers pulmonary polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Adjuvantation of these LVs extends the mucosal immunity to Th17 and Tc17 responses. A systemic prime and an intranasal boost with one of these LV induces protection against M. tuberculosis. This strategy improves the protective power of LVs against infections and cancers, where CD4+ T cell immunity plays an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Lopez
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - François Anna
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Authié
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Pawlik
- Institut Pasteur, Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics Unit, CNRS UMR 3525, Université Paris Cité, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Min-Wen Ku
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Blanc
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Souque
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Fanny Moncoq
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Amandine Noirat
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - David Hardy
- Institut Pasteur, Histopathology Platform, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Wladimir Sougakoff
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CIMI-Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, CNR-MyRMA, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Roland Brosch
- Institut Pasteur, Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics Unit, CNRS UMR 3525, Université Paris Cité, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Françoise Guinet
- Institut Pasteur, Lymphocytes and Immunity Unit, Université Paris Cité, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Charneau
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laleh Majlessi
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
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Deng L, Liang P, Cui H. Pseudotyped lentiviral vectors: Ready for translation into targeted cancer gene therapy? Genes Dis 2022. [PMID: 37492721 PMCID: PMC10363566 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy holds great promise for curing cancer by editing the deleterious genes of tumor cells, but the lack of vector systems for efficient delivery of genetic material into specific tumor sites in vivo has limited its full therapeutic potential in cancer gene therapy. Over the past two decades, increasing studies have shown that lentiviral vectors (LVs) modified with different glycoproteins from a donating virus, a process referred to as pseudotyping, have altered tropism and display cell-type specificity in transduction, leading to selective tumor cell killing. This feature of LVs together with their ability to enable high efficient gene delivery in dividing and non-dividing mammalian cells in vivo make them to be attractive tools in future cancer gene therapy. This review is intended to summarize the status quo of some typical pseudotypings of LVs and their applications in basic anti-cancer studies across many malignancies. The opportunities of translating pseudotyped LVs into clinic use in cancer therapy have also been discussed.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lentiviral vectors have emerged as powerful vectors for vaccination, due to their high efficiency to transduce dendritic cells and to induce long-lasting humoral immunity, CD8+ T cells, and effective protection in numerous preclinical animal models of infection and oncology. AREAS COVERED Here, we reviewed the literature, highlighting the relevance of lentiviral vectors in vaccinology. We recapitulated both their virological and immunological aspects of lentiviral vectors. We compared lentiviral vectors to the gold standard viral vaccine vectors, i.e. adenoviral vectors, and updated the latest results in lentiviral vector-based vaccination in preclinical models. EXPERT OPINION Lentiviral vectors are non-replicative, negligibly inflammatory, and not targets of preexisting immunity in human populations. These are major characteristics to consider in vaccine development. The potential of lentiviral vectors to transduce non-dividing cells, including dendritic cells, is determinant in their strong immunogenicity. Notably, lentiviral vectors can be engineered to target antigen expression to specific host cells. The very weak inflammatory properties of these vectors allow their use in mucosal vaccination, with particular interest in infectious diseases that affect the lungs or brain, including COVID-19. Recent results in various preclinical models have reinforced the interest of these vectors in prophylaxis against infectious diseases and in onco-immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Wen Ku
- Virology Department, Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Charneau
- Virology Department, Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Paris, France
| | - Laleh Majlessi
- Virology Department, Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Paris, France
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Ku MW, Authié P, Nevo F, Souque P, Bourgine M, Romano M, Charneau P, Majlessi L. Lentiviral vector induces high-quality memory T cells via dendritic cells transduction. Commun Biol 2021; 4:713. [PMID: 34112936 PMCID: PMC8192903 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02251-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a lentiviral vector harboring the human β2-microglobulin promoter, with predominant expression in immune cells and minimal proximal enhancers to improve vector safety. This lentiviral vector efficiently transduces major dendritic cell subsets in vivo. With a mycobacterial immunogen, we observed distinct functional signatures and memory phenotype in lentiviral vector- or Adenovirus type 5 (Ad5)-immunized mice, despite comparable antigen-specific CD8+ T cell magnitudes. Compared to Ad5, lentiviral vector immunization resulted in higher multifunctional and IL-2-producing CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, lentiviral vector immunization primed CD8+ T cells towards central memory phenotype, while Ad5 immunization favored effector memory phenotype. Studies using HIV antigens in outbred rats demonstrated additional clear-cut evidence for an immunogenic advantage of lentiviral vector over Ad5. Additionally, lentiviral vector provided enhance therapeutic anti-tumor protection than Ad5. In conclusion, coupling lentiviral vector with β2-microglobulin promoter represents a promising approach to produce long-lasting, high-quality cellular immunity for vaccinal purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wen Ku
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Laboratoire Commun Pasteur-TheraVectys, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ,grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Unité de Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ,grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France ,Ecole Doctorale Frontières du Vivant (FdV), Paris, France
| | - Pierre Authié
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Laboratoire Commun Pasteur-TheraVectys, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Nevo
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Laboratoire Commun Pasteur-TheraVectys, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Souque
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Unité de Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Maryline Bourgine
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Laboratoire Commun Pasteur-TheraVectys, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ,grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Unité de Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marta Romano
- grid.508031.fUnit In Vivo Models, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Charneau
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Laboratoire Commun Pasteur-TheraVectys, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ,grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Unité de Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laleh Majlessi
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Laboratoire Commun Pasteur-TheraVectys, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Blalock LT, Landsberg J, Messmer M, Shi J, Pardee AD, Haskell R, Vujanovic L, Kirkwood JM, Butterfield LH. Human dendritic cells adenovirally-engineered to express three defined tumor antigens promote broad adaptive and innate immunity. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:287-357. [PMID: 22737604 PMCID: PMC3382861 DOI: 10.4161/onci.18628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy has shown a promising ability to promote anti-tumor immunity in vitro and in vivo. Many trials have tested single epitopes and single antigens to activate single T cell specificities, and often CD8(+) T cells only. We previously found that determinant spreading and breadth of antitumor immunity correlates with improved clinical response. Therefore, to promote activation and expansion of polyclonal, multiple antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells, as well as provide cognate help from antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells, we have created an adenovirus encoding three full length melanoma tumor antigens (tyrosinase, MART-1 and MAGE-A6, "AdVTMM"). We previously showed that adenovirus (AdV)-mediated antigen engineering of human DC is superior to peptide pulsing for T cell activation, and has positive biological effects on the DC, allowing for efficient activation of not only antigen-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells, but also NK cells. Here we describe the cloning and testing of "AdVTMM2," an E1/E3-deleted AdV encoding the three melanoma antigens. This novel three-antigen virus expresses mRNA and protein for all antigens, and AdVTMM-transduced DC activate both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells which recognize melanoma tumor cells more efficiently than single antigen AdV. Addition of physiological levels of interferon-α (IFNα) further amplifies melanoma antigen-specific T cell activation. NK cells are also activated, and show cytotoxic activity. Vaccination with multi-antigen engineered DC may provide for superior adaptive and innate immunity and ultimately, improved antitumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeann T Blalock
- Department of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, PA USA
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12
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Ku MW, Bourgine M, Authié P, Lopez J, Nemirov K, Moncoq F, Noirat A, Vesin B, Nevo F, Blanc C, Souque P, Tabbal H, Simon E, Hardy D, Le Dudal M, Guinet F, Fiette L, Mouquet H, Anna F, Martin A, Escriou N, Majlessi L, Charneau P. Intranasal vaccination with a lentiviral vector protects against SARS-CoV-2 in preclinical animal models. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 29:236-249.e6. [PMID: 33357418 PMCID: PMC7738935 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To develop a vaccine candidate against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we generated a lentiviral vector (LV) eliciting neutralizing antibodies against the Spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. Systemic vaccination by this vector in mice, in which the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor hACE2 has been induced by transduction of respiratory tract cells by an adenoviral vector, confers only partial protection despite high levels of serum neutralizing activity. However, eliciting an immune response in the respiratory tract through an intranasal boost results in a >3 log10 decrease in the lung viral loads and reduces local inflammation. Moreover, both integrative and non-integrative LV platforms display strong vaccine efficacy and inhibit lung deleterious injury in golden hamsters, which are naturally permissive to SARS-CoV-2 replication and closely mirror human COVID-19 physiopathology. Our results provide evidence of marked prophylactic effects of LV-based vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and designate intranasal immunization as a powerful approach against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Wen Ku
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Maryline Bourgine
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France; Molecular Virology and Vaccinology Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Pierre Authié
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Jodie Lopez
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Kirill Nemirov
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Fanny Moncoq
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Amandine Noirat
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Benjamin Vesin
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Fabien Nevo
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Catherine Blanc
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Philippe Souque
- Molecular Virology and Vaccinology Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Houda Tabbal
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Université de Paris, Paris 75015, France
| | - Emeline Simon
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Université de Paris, Paris 75015, France; Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
| | - David Hardy
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Global Health Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | | | - Françoise Guinet
- Lymphocytes and Immunity Unit, Immunology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | | | - Hugo Mouquet
- Laboratory of Humoral Immunology, Immunology Department, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1222, Paris, France
| | - François Anna
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Annette Martin
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Université de Paris, Paris 75015, France
| | - Nicolas Escriou
- Innovation Lab, Vaccines, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Laleh Majlessi
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.
| | - Pierre Charneau
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France; Molecular Virology and Vaccinology Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.
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13
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Halaby MJ, Hezaveh K, Lamorte S, Ciudad MT, Kloetgen A, MacLeod BL, Guo M, Chakravarthy A, Medina TDS, Ugel S, Tsirigos A, Bronte V, Munn DH, Pugh TJ, De Carvalho DD, Butler MO, Ohashi PS, Brooks DG, McGaha TL. GCN2 drives macrophage and MDSC function and immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Sci Immunol 2020; 4:4/42/eaax8189. [PMID: 31836669 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aax8189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
General control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) is an environmental sensor controlling transcription and translation in response to nutrient availability. Although GCN2 is a putative therapeutic target for immuno-oncology, its role in shaping the immune response to tumors is poorly understood. Here, we used mass cytometry, transcriptomics, and transcription factor-binding analysis to determine the functional impact of GCN2 on the myeloid phenotype and immune responses in melanoma. We found that myeloid-lineage deletion of GCN2 drives a shift in the phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that promotes antitumor immunity. Time-of-flight mass cytometry (CyTOF) and single-cell RNA sequencing showed that this was due to changes in the immune microenvironment with increased proinflammatory activation of macrophages and MDSCs and interferon-γ expression in intratumoral CD8+ T cells. Mechanistically, GCN2 altered myeloid function by promoting increased translation of the transcription factor CREB-2/ATF4, which was required for maturation and polarization of macrophages and MDSCs in both mice and humans, whereas targeting Atf4 by small interfering RNA knockdown reduced tumor growth. Last, analysis of patients with cutaneous melanoma showed that GCN2-dependent transcriptional signatures correlated with macrophage polarization, T cell infiltrates, and overall survival. Thus, these data reveal a previously unknown dependence of tumors on myeloid GCN2 signals for protection from immune attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Jo Halaby
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kebria Hezaveh
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sara Lamorte
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Teresa Ciudad
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andreas Kloetgen
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bethany L MacLeod
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mengdi Guo
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ankur Chakravarthy
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Stefano Ugel
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Section, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vincenzo Bronte
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Section, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - David H Munn
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel D De Carvalho
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marcus O Butler
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pamela S Ohashi
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David G Brooks
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tracy L McGaha
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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14
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Irvine DJ, Aung A, Silva M. Controlling timing and location in vaccines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 158:91-115. [PMID: 32598970 PMCID: PMC7318960 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are one of the most powerful technologies supporting public health. The adaptive immune response induced by immunization arises following appropriate activation and differentiation of T and B cells in lymph nodes. Among many parameters impacting the resulting immune response, the presence of antigen and inflammatory cues for an appropriate temporal duration within the lymph nodes, and further within appropriate subcompartments of the lymph nodes– the right timing and location– play a critical role in shaping cellular and humoral immunity. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of how vaccine kinetics and biodistribution impact adaptive immunity, and the underlying immunological mechanisms that govern these responses. We discuss emerging approaches to engineer these properties for future vaccines, with a focus on subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
| | - Aereas Aung
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Murillo Silva
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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15
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Poorebrahim M, Abazari MF, Sadeghi S, Mahmoudi R, Kheirollahi A, Askari H, Wickström SL, Poortahmasebi V, Lundqvist A, Kiessling R, Cid-Arregui A. Genetically modified immune cells targeting tumor antigens. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 214:107603. [PMID: 32553789 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy approaches consisting of genetically modified immune cells have become a promising platform for cancer treatment. Such 'living' therapies targeting tumor antigens have shown success in many cancer patients in the form of durable responses in a growing number of clinical studies. Besides, a large number of ongoing studies have been designed to introduce reliable methods for identification of tumor antigens. In addition, technical and biotechnological developments are being applied to the generation and expansion of genetically modified immune cells. In this review, we summarize and discuss the latest progress and current challenges in the tumor antigen landscape and in the generation of genetically modified immune cells in view of their clinical efficacy, either as monotherapy or combinational therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Foad Abazari
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Sadeghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asma Kheirollahi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Askari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Stina L Wickström
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vahdat Poortahmasebi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Andreas Lundqvist
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rolf Kiessling
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angel Cid-Arregui
- Targeted Tumor Vaccines Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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16
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Cai L, Caraballo Galva LD, Peng Y, Luo X, Zhu W, Yao Y, Ji Y, He Y. Preclinical Studies of the Off-Target Reactivity of AFP 158-Specific TCR Engineered T Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:607. [PMID: 32395117 PMCID: PMC7196607 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous T cells engineered with T receptor genes (TCR) are being studied to treat cancers. We have recently identified a panel of mouse TCRs specific for the HLA-A0201/alpha fetoprotein epitope (AFP158) complex and have shown that human T cells engineered with these TCR genes (TCR-Ts) can eradicate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) xenografts in NSG mice. However, due to TCR’s promiscuity, their off-target cross-reactivity must be studied prior to conducting clinical trials. In this study, we conducted in vitro X-scan assay and in silico analysis to determine the off-target cross-reactivity of 3 AFP158-specific TCR-Ts. We found that the 3 AFP158-specific TCR-Ts could be cross-activated by ENPP1436 peptide and that the TCR3-Ts could also be activated by another off-target peptide, RCL1215. However, compared to AFP158, it requires 250 times more ENPP1436 and 10,000 times more RCL1215 peptides to achieve the same level of activation. The EC50 of ENPP1436 peptide for activating TCR-Ts is approximately 17–33 times higher than AFP158. Importantly, the ENPP1+ tumor cells did not activate TCR1-Ts and TCR2-Ts, and only weakly activated TCR3-Ts. The IFNγ produced by TCR3-Ts after ENPP1+ cell stimulation was >22x lower than that after HepG2 cells. And, all TCR-Ts did not kill ENPP1 + tumor cells. Furthermore, ectopic over-expression of ENPP1 protein in HLA-A2+ tumor cells did not activate TCR-Ts. In silico analysis showed that the ENPP1436 peptide affinity for HLA-A0201 was ranked 40 times lower than AFP158 and the chance of ENPP1436 peptide being processed and presented by HLA-A0201 was 100 times less likely than AFP158. In contrast, the two off-targets (Titin and MAGE-A3) that did cause severe toxicity in previous trials have the same or higher MHC-binding affinity and the same or higher chance of being processed and presented. In conclusion, our data shows that TCR-Ts can be activated by off-target ENPP1436 peptide. But, compared to target AFP158, it requires at least 250 times more ENPP1436 to achieve the same level of activation. Importantly, ENPP1436 peptide in human cells is not processed and presented to a sufficient level to activate the AFP158-specific TCR-Ts. Thus, these TCR-Ts, especially the TCR1-Ts and TCR2-Ts, will unlikely cause significant off-target toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Cai
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Leidy D Caraballo Galva
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States.,The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Yibing Peng
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Xiaobing Luo
- Cellular Biomedicine Group (CBMG), Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Wei Zhu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Yihong Yao
- Cellular Biomedicine Group (CBMG), Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Yun Ji
- Cellular Biomedicine Group (CBMG), Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Yukai He
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States.,The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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17
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Cousin C, Oberkampf M, Felix T, Rosenbaum P, Weil R, Fabrega S, Morante V, Negri D, Cara A, Dadaglio G, Leclerc C. Persistence of Integrase-Deficient Lentiviral Vectors Correlates with the Induction of STING-Independent CD8 + T Cell Responses. Cell Rep 2020; 26:1242-1257.e7. [PMID: 30699352 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentiviruses are among the most promising viral vectors for in vivo gene delivery. To overcome the risk of insertional mutagenesis, integrase-deficient lentiviral vectors (IDLVs) have been developed. We show here that strong and persistent specific cytotoxic T cell (CTL) responses are induced by IDLVs, which persist several months after a single injection. These responses were associated with the induction of mild and transient maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and with the production of low levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. They were independent of the IFN-I, TLR/MyD88, interferon regulatory factor (IRF), retinoic acid induced gene I (RIG-I), and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathways but require NF-κB signaling in CD11c+ DCs. Despite the lack of integration of IDLVs, the transgene persists for 3 months in the spleen and liver of IDLV-injected mice. These results demonstrate that the capacity of IDLVs to trigger persistent adaptive responses is mediated by a weak and transient innate response, along with the persistence of the vector in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Cousin
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1041, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marine Oberkampf
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1041, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Tristan Felix
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1041, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Rosenbaum
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1041, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Robert Weil
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Signalisation et Pathogénèse, Département Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Fabrega
- Plateforme Vecteurs Viraux et Transfert de Gènes, SFR Necker, US 24, UMS 3633, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Valeria Morante
- Department of Infection Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Negri
- Department of Infection Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Cara
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gilles Dadaglio
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1041, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Claude Leclerc
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1041, 75015 Paris, France.
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18
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Baldin AV, Savvateeva LV, Bazhin AV, Zamyatnin AA. Dendritic Cells in Anticancer Vaccination: Rationale for Ex Vivo Loading or In Vivo Targeting. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030590. [PMID: 32150821 PMCID: PMC7139354 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) have shown great potential as a component or target in the landscape of cancer immunotherapy. Different in vivo and ex vivo strategies of DC vaccine generation with different outcomes have been proposed. Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated their efficacy and safety in cancer patients. However, there is no consensus regarding which DC-based vaccine generation method is preferable. A problem of result comparison between trials in which different DC-loading or -targeting approaches have been applied remains. The employment of different DC generation and maturation methods, antigens and administration routes from trial to trial also limits the objective comparison of DC vaccines. In the present review, we discuss different methods of DC vaccine generation. We conclude that standardized trial designs, treatment settings and outcome assessment criteria will help to determine which DC vaccine generation approach should be applied in certain cancer cases. This will result in a reduction in alternatives in the selection of preferable DC-based vaccine tactics in patient. Moreover, it has become clear that the application of a DC vaccine alone is not sufficient and combination immunotherapy with recent advances, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, should be employed to achieve a better clinical response and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Baldin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (L.V.S.)
| | - Lyudmila V. Savvateeva
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (L.V.S.)
| | - Alexandr V. Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (L.V.S.)
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Department of Cell Signaling, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +74-956-229-843
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19
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Caraballo Galva LD, Cai L, Shao Y, He Y. Engineering T cells for immunotherapy of primary human hepatocellular carcinoma. J Genet Genomics 2020; 47:1-15. [PMID: 32089500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancers, majority of which are primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), continue to be on the rise in the world. Furthermore, due to the lack of effective treatments, liver cancer ranks the 4th most common cause of male cancer deaths. Novel therapies are urgently needed. Over the last few years, immunotherapies, especially the checkpoint blockades and adoptive cell therapies of engineered T cells, have demonstrated a great potential for treating malignant tumors including HCC. In this review, we summarize the current ongoing research of antigen-specific immunotherapies including cancer vaccines and adoptive cell therapies for HCC. We briefly discuss the HCC cancer vaccine and then focus on the antigen-specific T cells genetically engineered with the T cell receptor genes (TCRTs) and the chimeric antigen receptor genes (CARTs). We first review the current options of TCRTs and CARTs immunotherapies for HCC, and then analyze the factors and parameters that may help to improve the design of TCRTs and CARTs to enhance their antitumor efficacy and safety. Our goals are to render readers a panoramic view of the current stand of HCC immunotherapies and provide some strategies to design better TCRTs and CARTs to achieve more effective and durable antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidy D Caraballo Galva
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Lun Cai
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Yanxia Shao
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Yukai He
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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20
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Sigal D, Przedborski M, Sivaloganathan D, Kohandel M. Mathematical modelling of cancer stem cell-targeted immunotherapy. Math Biosci 2019; 318:108269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2019.108269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Butterfield LH, Vujanovic L, Santos PM, Maurer DM, Gambotto A, Lohr J, Li C, Waldman J, Chandran U, Lin Y, Lin H, Tawbi HA, Tarhini AA, Kirkwood JM. Multiple antigen-engineered DC vaccines with or without IFNα to promote antitumor immunity in melanoma. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:113. [PMID: 31014399 PMCID: PMC6480917 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer vaccines are designed to promote systemic antitumor immunity and tumor eradication. Cancer vaccination may be more efficacious in combination with additional interventions that may build on or amplify their effects. Methods Based on our previous clinical and in vitro studies, we designed an antigen-engineered DC vaccine trial to promote a polyclonal CD8+ and CD4+ T cell response against three shared melanoma antigens. The 35 vaccine recipients were then randomized to receive one month of high-dose IFNα or observation. Results The resulting clinical outcomes were 2 partial responses, 8 stable disease and 14 progressive disease among patients with measurable disease using RECIST 1.1, and, of 11 surgically treated patients with no evidence of disease (NED), 4 remain NED at a median follow-up of 3 years. The majority of vaccinated patients showed an increase in vaccine antigen-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses. The addition of IFNα did not appear to improve immune or clinical responses in this trial. Examination of the DC vaccine profiles showed that IL-12p70 secretion did not correlate with immune or clinical responses. In depth immune biomarker studies support the importance of circulating Treg and MDSC for development of antigen-specific T cell responses, and of circulating CD8+ and CD4+ T cell subsets in clinical responses. Conclusions DC vaccines are a safe and reliable platform for promoting antitumor immunity. This combination with one month of high dose IFNα did not improve outcomes. Immune biomarker analysis in the blood identified several predictive and prognostic biomarkers for further analysis, including MDSC. Trial registration NCT01622933. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40425-019-0552-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa H Butterfield
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.27, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.27, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.27, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.27, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Lazar Vujanovic
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.27, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Patricia M Santos
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.27, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Deena M Maurer
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.27, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Andrea Gambotto
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.27, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Joel Lohr
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.27, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Chunlei Li
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.27, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Present address: Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jacob Waldman
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Uma Chandran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Huang Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hussein A Tawbi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.27, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.27, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Present address: Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ahmad A Tarhini
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.27, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.27, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Present address: Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - John M Kirkwood
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.27, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.27, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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22
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Zhu W, Peng Y, Wang L, Hong Y, Jiang X, Li Q, Liu H, Huang L, Wu J, Celis E, Merchen T, Kruse E, He Y. Identification of α-fetoprotein-specific T-cell receptors for hepatocellular carcinoma immunotherapy. Hepatology 2018; 68:574-589. [PMID: 29443377 PMCID: PMC7368991 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major form of liver cancer for which there is no effective therapy. Genetic modification with T-cell receptors (TCRs) specific for HCC-associated antigens, such as α-fetoprotein (AFP), can potentially redirect human T cells to specifically recognize and kill HCC tumor cells to achieve antitumor effects. In this study, using lentivector and peptide immunization, we identified a population of cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8) T cells in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 transgenic AAD mice that recognized AFP158 epitope on human HCC cells. Adoptive transfer of the AFP158 -specific mouse CD8 T cells eradicated HepG2 tumor xenografts as large as 2 cm in diameter in immunocompromised nonobese diabetic severe combined immunodeficient gamma knockout (NSG) mice. We then established T-cell hybridoma clones from the AFP158 -specific mouse CD8 T cells and identified three sets of paired TCR genes out of five hybridomas. Expression of the murine TCR genes redirected primary human T cells to bind HLA-A2/AFP158 tetramer. TCR gene-engineered human T (TCR-T) cells also specifically recognized HLA-A2+ AFP+ HepG2 HCC tumor cells and produced effector cytokines. Importantly, the TCR-T cells could specifically kill HLA-A2+ AFP+ HepG2 tumor cells without significant toxicity to normal primary hepatocytes in vitro. Adoptive transfer of the AFP-specific TCR-T cells could eradicate HepG2 tumors in NSG mice. CONCLUSION We have identified AFP-specific murine TCR genes that can redirect human T cells to specifically recognize and kill HCC tumor cells, and those AFP158 -specific TCRs have a great potential to engineer a patient's autologous T cells to treat HCC tumors. (Hepatology 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Yibing Peng
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Lan Wang
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Yuan Hong
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Xiaotao Jiang
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Qi Li
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Heping Liu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Lei Huang
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Juan Wu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Esteban Celis
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Todd Merchen
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA.,Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Edward Kruse
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA.,Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Yukai He
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
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23
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Tang M, Liu Y, Zhang QC, Zhang P, Wu JK, Wang JN, Ruan Y, Huang Y. Antitumor efficacy of the Runx2-dendritic cell vaccine in triple-negative breast cancer in vitro. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2813-2822. [PMID: 30127867 PMCID: PMC6096217 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with a poor prognosis and limited effective treatment. The rise in immunotherapeutic strategies prompted the establishment of a genetic vaccine against TNBC in vitro using a possible biological marker of TNBC. In the present study, different detection methods were used to evaluate the distribution and expression of runt-associated transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in various breast cancer cell lines. Following the development of the Runx2-dendritic cell (DC) vaccine using a lentivirus, the transfection efficacy was recorded. The T lymphocytes co-cultured with the vaccine were collected to assess the antitumor potency. Increased levels of Runx2 were expressed in breast cancer cells; however, different breast cancer cell lines expressed various levels of Runx2. Runx2 demonstrated particularly high expression in TNBC cells, compared with non-TNBC cells. A Runx2 lentivirus transfection system was successfully engineered, and Runx2 was transduced into dendritic cells whilst maintaining stable expression. The sustained and stable cytotoxic T cells induced in the transfected group had higher and more specific antitumor efficacy against TNBC, compared with the other cell lines. Runx2 may be a novel target for TNBC treatment. The Runx2-DC vaccine may induce specific and efficient antitumor effects in TNBC in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Qiao-Chu Zhang
- Department of VIP, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Lingnan Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Jue-Kun Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Ni Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Ruan
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
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24
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Zhang Y, Liu Z, Hao X, Li A, Zhang J, Carey CD, Falo LD, You Z. Tumor-derived high-mobility group box 1 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin are involved in modulating dendritic cells to activate T regulatory cells in a mouse model. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:353-366. [PMID: 29116372 PMCID: PMC11028122 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is involved in the tumor-associated activation of regulatory T cells (Treg), but the mechanisms remain unknown. In a mouse tumor model, silencing HMGB1 in tumor cells or inhibiting tumor-derived HMGB1 not only dampened the capacity of tumor cells to produce thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), but also aborted the tumor-associated modulation of Treg-activating DC. Tumor-derived HMGB1 triggered the production of TSLP by tumor cells. Importantly, both tumor-derived HMGB1 and TSLP were necessary for modulating DC to activate Treg in a TSLP receptor (TSLPR)-dependent manner. In the therapeutic model, intratumorally inhibiting tumor-derived HMGB1 (causing downstream loss of TSLP production) attenuated Treg activation, unleashed tumor-specific CD8 T cell responses, and elicited CD8α+/CD103+DC- and T cell-dependent antitumor activity. These results suggest a new pathway for the activation of Treg involving in tumor-derived HMGB1 and TSLP, and have important implications for incorporating HMGB1 inhibitors into cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuqiang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xingxing Hao
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ang Li
- Cleveland Clinic, Cole Eye Institute, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jiying Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Cara D Carey
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Louis D Falo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Zhaoyang You
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- W1154 Thomas E. Starzl Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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25
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Pollack SM. The potential of the CMB305 vaccine regimen to target NY-ESO-1 and improve outcomes for synovial sarcoma and myxoid/round cell liposarcoma patients. Expert Rev Vaccines 2017; 17:107-114. [PMID: 29280411 PMCID: PMC6521962 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1419068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Synovial Sarcoma (SS) and Myxoid Round Cell Liposarcoma (MRCL) are devastating sarcoma subtypes with few treatment options and poor outcomes in the advanced setting. However, both these diseases may be ideal for novel immunotherapies targeting the cancer-testis antigen, NY-ESO-1. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss the novel NY-ESO-1 targeted vaccine regimen, CMB305. This regimen uses a unique integration-deficient, dendritic-cell targeting lentiviral vector from the ZVex® platform, LV305, in order to prime NY-ESO-1 specific T cells. LV305 has single agent activity, and, in one case, caused a durable partial response in a refractory SS patient. CMB305 also includes a boost from a NY-ESO-1 protein vaccine given along with a potent toll-like-4 receptor agonist, glycopyranosyl lipid A. CMB305 induces NY-ESO-1 specific T cell responses in both SS and MRC patients and these patients had excellent overall survival (OS) outcomes in the initial phase I study. EXPERT COMMENTARY CMB305 is a therapeutic vaccine regimen targeting NY-ESO-1 based on the lentiviral vaccine vector, LV305. Phase I studies have proven this vaccine is active immunologically. Data suggesting this vaccine may improve OS for SS and MRCL patients is exciting but early, and on-going work is testing the impact of CMB305 on patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth M Pollack
- a Clinical Research Division , Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle , WA , USA.,b Department of Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
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26
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Wu S, Zhu W, Peng Y, Wang L, Hong Y, Huang L, Dong D, Xie J, Merchen T, Kruse E, Guo ZS, Bartlett D, Fu N, He Y. The Antitumor Effects of Vaccine-Activated CD8 + T Cells Associate with Weak TCR Signaling and Induction of Stem-Like Memory T Cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 5:908-919. [PMID: 28851693 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To understand why vaccine-activated tumor-specific T cells often fail to generate antitumor effects, we studied two α-fetoprotein-specific CD8+ T cells (Tet499 and Tet212) that had different antitumor effects. We found that Tet499 required high antigen doses for reactivation, but could survive persistent antigen stimulation and maintain their effector functions. In contrast, Tet212 had a low threshold of reactivation, but underwent exhaustion and apoptosis in the presence of persistent antigen. In vivo, Tet499 cells expanded more than Tet212 upon reencountering antigen and generated stronger antitumor effects. The different antigen responsiveness and antitumor effects of Tet212 and Tet499 cells correlated with their activation and differentiation states. Compared with Tet212, the population of Tet499 cells was less activated and contained more stem-like memory T cells (Tscm) that could undergo expansion in vivo The TCR signaling strength on Tet499 was weaker than Tet212, correlating with more severe Tet499 TCR downregulation. Weak TCR signaling may halt T-cell differentiation at the Tscm stage during immune priming and also explains why Tet499 reactivation requires a high antigen dose. Weak TCR signaling of Tet499 cells in the effector stage will also protect them from exhaustion and apoptosis when they reencounter persistent antigen in tumor lesion, which generates antitumor effects. Further investigation of TCR downregulation and manipulation of TCR signaling strength may help design cancer vaccines to elicit a mix of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells, including Tscm, capable of surviving antigen restimulation to generate antitumor effects. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(10); 908-19. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Wu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Division of Laboratory Medicine of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yibing Peng
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Lan Wang
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yuan Hong
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Lei Huang
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Dayong Dong
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Junping Xie
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Todd Merchen
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Edward Kruse
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Zong Sheng Guo
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David Bartlett
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ning Fu
- Division of Laboratory Medicine of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yukai He
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia. .,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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Abstract
Immunotherapy using dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccination is an approved approach for harnessing the potential of a patient's own immune system to eliminate tumor cells in metastatic hormone-refractory cancer. Overall, although many DC vaccines have been tested in the clinic and proven to be immunogenic, and in some cases associated with clinical outcome, there remains no consensus on how to manufacture DC vaccines. In this review we will discuss what has been learned thus far about human DC biology from clinical studies, and how current approaches to apply DC vaccines in the clinic could be improved to enhance anti-tumor immunity.
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28
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Norton TD, Miller EA. Recent Advances in Lentiviral Vaccines for HIV-1 Infection. Front Immunol 2016; 7:243. [PMID: 27446074 PMCID: PMC4914507 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of an effective HIV vaccine to prevent and/or cure HIV remains a global health priority. Given their central role in the initiation of adaptive immune responses, dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines are being increasingly explored as immunotherapeutic strategies to enhance HIV-specific T cells in infected individuals and, thus, promote immune responses that may help facilitate a functional cure. HIV-1-based lentiviral (LV) vectors have inherent advantages as DC vaccine vectors due to their ability to transduce non-dividing cells and integrate into the target cell genomic DNA, allowing for expression of encoded antigens over the lifespan of the cell. Moreover, LV vectors may express additional immunostimulatory and immunoregulatory proteins that enhance DC function and direct antigen-specific T cells responses. Recent basic and clinical research efforts have broadened our understanding of LV vectors as DC-based vaccines. In this review, we provide an overview of the pre-clinical and clinical LV vector vaccine studies for treating HIV to date. We also discuss advances in LV vector designs that have enhanced DC transduction efficiency, target cell specificity, and immunogenicity, and address potential safety concerns regarding LV vector-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Norton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, NYU School of Medicine , New York, NY , USA
| | - Elizabeth A Miller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA
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Albershardt TC, Campbell DJ, Parsons AJ, Slough MM, Ter Meulen J, Berglund P. LV305, a dendritic cell-targeting integration-deficient ZVex(TM)-based lentiviral vector encoding NY-ESO-1, induces potent anti-tumor immune response. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2016; 3:16010. [PMID: 27626061 PMCID: PMC5008268 DOI: 10.1038/mto.2016.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have engineered an integration-deficient lentiviral vector, LV305, to deliver the tumor antigen NY-ESO-1 to human dendritic cells in vivo through pseudotyping with a modified Sindbis virus envelop protein. Mice immunized once with LV305 developed strong, dose-dependent, multifunctional, and cytotoxic NY-ESO-1-specific cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8) T cells within 14 days post-immunization and could be boosted with LV305 at least twice to recall peak-level CD8 T-cell responses. Immunization with LV305 protected mice against tumor growth in an NY-ESO-1-expressing CT26 lung metastasis model, with the protective effect abrogated upon depletion of CD8 T cells. Adoptive transfer of CD8 T cells, alone or together with CD4 T cells or natural killer cells, from LV305-immunized donor mice to tumor-bearing recipient mice conferred significant protection against metastatic tumor growth. Biodistribution of injected LV305 in mice was limited to the site of injection and the draining lymph node, and injected LV305 exhibited minimal excretion. Mice injected with LV305 developed little to no adverse effects, as evaluated by toxicology studies adherent to good laboratory practices. Taken together, these data support the development of LV305 as a clinical candidate for treatment against tumors expressing NY-ESO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jan Ter Meulen
- In Vivo Biology, Immune Design , Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter Berglund
- In Vivo Biology, Immune Design , Seattle, Washington, USA
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30
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Dai S, Zhuo M, Song L, Chen X, Yu Y, Zang G, Tang Z. Lentiviral vector encoding ubiquitinated hepatitis B core antigen induces potent cellular immune responses and therapeutic immunity in HBV transgenic mice. Immunobiology 2016; 221:813-21. [PMID: 26874581 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Predominant T helper cell type 1 (Th1) immune responses accompanied by boosted HBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity are essential for the clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Ubiquitin (Ub) serves as a signal for the target protein to be recognized and degraded through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Ubiquitinated hepatitis B core antigen (Ub-HBcAg) has been proved to be efficiently degraded into the peptides, which can be presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I resulting in stimulating cell-mediated responses. In the present study, lentiviral vectors encoding Ub-HBcAg (LV-Ub-HBcAg) were designed and constructed as a therapeutic vaccine for immunotherapy. HBcAg-specific cellular immune responses and anti-viral effects induced by LV-Ub-HBcAg were evaluated in HBV transgenic mice. We demonstrated that immunization with LV-Ub-HBcAg promoted the secretion of cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), generated remarkably high percentages of IFN-γ-secreting CD8(+) T cells and CD4(+) T cells, and enhanced HBcAg-specific CTL activity in HBV transgenic mice. More importantly, vaccination with LV-Ub-HBcAg could efficiently decreased the levels of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), HBV DNA and the expression of HBsAg and HBcAg in liver tissues of HBV transgenic mice. In addition, LV-Ub-HBcAg could upregulate the expression of T cell-specific T-box transcription factor (T-bet) and downregulate the expression of GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA-3) in spleen T lymphocytes. The therapeutic vaccine LV-Ub-HBcAg could break immune tolerance, and induce potent HBcAg specific cellular immune responses and therapeutic effects in HBV transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Dai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233,China
| | - Meng Zhuo
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233,China
| | - Linlin Song
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233,China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233,China
| | - Yongsheng Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233,China
| | - Guoqing Zang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233,China.
| | - Zhenghao Tang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233,China.
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31
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Amodio G, Annoni A, Gregori S. Dendritic Cell Immune Therapy to Break or Induce Tolerance. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-015-0024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Liechtenstein T, Perez-Janices N, Blanco-Luquin I, Goyvaerts C, Schwarze J, Dufait I, Lanna A, Ridder MD, Guerrero-Setas D, Breckpot K, Escors D. Anti-melanoma vaccines engineered to simultaneously modulate cytokine priming and silence PD-L1 characterized using ex vivo myeloid-derived suppressor cells as a readout of therapeutic efficacy. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e945378. [PMID: 25954597 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.945378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficacious antitumor vaccines strongly stimulate cancer-specific effector T cells and counteract the activity of tumor-infiltrating immunosuppressive cells. We hypothesised that combining cytokine expression with silencing programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) could potentiate anticancer immune responses of lentivector vaccines. Thus, we engineered a collection of lentivectors that simultaneously co-expressed an antigen, a PD-L1-silencing shRNA, and various T cell-polarising cytokines, including interferon γ (IFNγ), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) or interleukins (IL12, IL15, IL23, IL17A, IL6, IL10, IL4). In a syngeneic B16F0 melanoma model and using tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP1) as a vaccine antigen, we found that simultaneous delivery of IL12 and a PD-L1-silencing shRNA was the only combination that exhibited therapeutically relevant anti-melanoma activities. Mechanistically, we found that delivery of the PD-L1 silencing construct boosted T cell numbers, inhibited in vivo tumor growth and strongly cooperated with IL12 cytokine priming and antitumor activities. Finally, we tested the capacities of our vaccines to counteract tumor-infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) activities ex vivo. Interestingly, the lentivector co-expressing IL12 and the PD-L1 silencing shRNA was the only one that counteracted MDSC suppressive activities, potentially underlying the observed anti-melanoma therapeutic benefit. We conclude that (1) evaluation of vaccines in healthy mice has no significant predictive value for the selection of anticancer treatments; (2) B16 cells expressing xenoantigens as a tumor model are of limited value; and (3) vaccines which inhibit the suppressive effect of MDSC on T cells in our ex vivo assay show promising and relevant antitumor activities.
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Key Words
- 142 3p, target sequence for the microRNA 142 3p
- DC, dendritic cell
- G-MDSC, granulocytic MDSC
- IL, interleukin
- IiOVA, MHC II invariant chain-ovalbumin
- M-MDS, monocytic MDSC
- MDSC
- MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell
- MLR, mixed lymphocyte reaction
- OVA, chicken ovalbumin
- PD-1, programmed cell death 1
- PD-L1
- PD-L1, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1
- T cell
- TAA, tumor associated antigen
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TRP1, tyrosinase related protein 1;
- TRP2, tyrosinase related protein 2
- Th, T helper lymphocyte
- immunotherapy
- melanoma
- p1, PD-L1-targeted microRNA
- shRNA, short hairpin RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Liechtenstein
- Division of infection and immunity; Rayne Institute; University College London ; London, UK ; Immunomodulation group; Navarrabiomed-Fundacion Miguel Servet ; Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Noemi Perez-Janices
- Division of infection and immunity; Rayne Institute; University College London ; London, UK ; Cancer Epigenetics group; Navarrabiomed-Fundacion Miguel Servet ; Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Idoia Blanco-Luquin
- Cancer Epigenetics group; Navarrabiomed-Fundacion Miguel Servet ; Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Cleo Goyvaerts
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy; Department of Physiology-Immunology; Vrije Universiteit Brussel ; Jette, Belgium
| | - Julia Schwarze
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy; Department of Physiology-Immunology; Vrije Universiteit Brussel ; Jette, Belgium
| | - Ines Dufait
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy; Department of Physiology-Immunology; Vrije Universiteit Brussel ; Jette, Belgium ; Department of Radiotherapy; Vrije Universiteit Brussel ; Jette, Belgium
| | - Alessio Lanna
- Division of infection and immunity; Rayne Institute; University College London ; London, UK
| | - Mark De Ridder
- Department of Radiotherapy; Vrije Universiteit Brussel ; Jette, Belgium
| | - David Guerrero-Setas
- Cancer Epigenetics group; Navarrabiomed-Fundacion Miguel Servet ; Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy; Department of Physiology-Immunology; Vrije Universiteit Brussel ; Jette, Belgium
| | - David Escors
- Division of infection and immunity; Rayne Institute; University College London ; London, UK ; Immunomodulation group; Navarrabiomed-Fundacion Miguel Servet ; Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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Mucosal immunization with integrase-defective lentiviral vectors protects against influenza virus challenge in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97270. [PMID: 24824623 PMCID: PMC4019533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports highlight the potential for integrase-defective lentiviral vectors (IDLV) to be developed as vaccines due to their ability to elicit cell-mediated and humoral immune responses after intramuscular administration. Differently from their integrase-competent counterpart, whose utility for vaccine development is limited by the potential for insertional mutagenesis, IDLV possess a mutation in their integrase gene that prevents genomic integration. Instead, they are maintained as episomal DNA circles that retain the ability to stably express functional proteins. Despite their favorable profile, it is unknown whether IDLV elicit immune responses after intranasal administration, a route that could be advantageous in the case of infection with a respiratory agent. Using influenza as a model, we constructed IDLV expressing the influenza virus nucleoprotein (IDLV-NP), and tested their ability to generate NP-specific immune responses and protect from challenge in vivo. We found that administration of IDLV-NP elicited NP-specific T cell and antibody responses in BALB/c mice. Importantly, IDLV-NP was protective against homologous and heterosubtypic influenza virus challenge only when given by the intranasal route. This is the first report demonstrating that IDLV can induce protective immunity after intranasal administration, and suggests that IDLV may represent a promising vaccine platform against infectious agents.
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Hong Y, Peng Y, Guo ZS, Guevara-Patino J, Pang J, Butterfield LH, Mivechi N, Munn DH, Bartlett DL, He Y. Epitope-optimized alpha-fetoprotein genetic vaccines prevent carcinogen-induced murine autochthonous hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2014; 59:1448-58. [PMID: 24122861 PMCID: PMC4151349 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Immunization with effective cancer vaccines can offer a much needed adjuvant therapy to fill the treatment gap after liver resection to prevent relapse of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, current HCC cancer vaccines are mostly based on native shared-self/tumor antigens that are only able to induce weak immune responses. In this study we investigated whether the HCC-associated self/tumor antigen of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) could be engineered to create an effective vaccine to break immune tolerance and potently activate CD8 T cells to prevent clinically relevant carcinogen-induced autochthonous HCC in mice. We found that the approach of computer-guided methodical epitope-optimization created a highly immunogenic AFP and that immunization with lentivector expressing the epitope-optimized AFP, but not wild-type AFP, potently activated CD8 T cells. Critically, the activated CD8 T cells not only cross-recognized short synthetic wild-type AFP peptides, but also recognized and killed tumor cells expressing wild-type AFP protein. Immunization with lentivector expressing optimized AFP, but not native AFP, completely protected mice from tumor challenge and reduced the incidence of carcinogen-induced autochthonous HCC. In addition, prime-boost immunization with the optimized AFP significantly increased the frequency of AFP-specific memory CD8 T cells in the liver that were highly effective against emerging HCC tumor cells, further enhancing the tumor prevention of carcinogen-induced autochthonous HCC. CONCLUSIONS Epitope-optimization is required to break immune tolerance and potently activate AFP-specific CD8 T cells, generating effective antitumor effect to prevent clinically relevant carcinogen-induced autochthonous HCC in mice. Our study provides a practical roadmap to develop effective human HCC vaccines that may result in an improved outcome compared to the current HCC vaccines based on wild-type AFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hong
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation, and Tolerance Program, Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Augusta, GA
| | - Yibing Peng
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation, and Tolerance Program, Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Augusta, GA
| | - Z. Sheng Guo
- Department of Surgery and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jose Guevara-Patino
- Depart of Surgery, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University, Maywood, IL
| | - Junfeng Pang
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Chaperone Program, Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Augusta, GA
| | - Lisa H. Butterfield
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nahid Mivechi
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Chaperone Program, Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Augusta, GA
| | - David H Munn
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation, and Tolerance Program, Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Augusta, GA,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | - David L Bartlett
- Department of Surgery and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yukai He
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation, and Tolerance Program, Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Augusta, GA,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
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Mossoba ME, Medin JA. Cancer immunotherapy using virally transduced dendritic cells: animal studies and human clinical trials. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 5:717-32. [PMID: 17181444 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.5.5.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The immune system uses a process known as 'immunosurveillance' to help prevent the outgrowth of tumors. In cancer immunotherapy, a major goal is for immunity against tumor-associated antigens to be generated or strengthened in patients. To achieve this goal, several approaches have been tested, including the use of highly potent antigen-presenting cells called dendritic cells (DCs), which can activate T cells efficiently. Presentation of peptides derived from tumor antigens on the surface of DCs can stimulate strong antitumor immunity. Using recombinant viral vectors encoding tumor-associated antigens, DCs can be engineered efficiently to express sustained levels of tumor-antigen peptides. This review discusses the effectiveness of virally transduced DCs in treating tumors and generating antigen-specific T-cell responses. It covers mouse and nonhuman primate studies, preclinical in vitro human cell experiments and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam E Mossoba
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 67 College Street, Room 426, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2MI, Canada.
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Abstract
The success of immunotherapy against infectious diseases has shown us the powerful potential that such a treatment offers, and substantial work has been done to apply this strategy in the fight against cancer. Cancer is however a fiercer opponent than pathogen-caused diseases due to natural tolerance towards tumour associated antigens and tumour-induced immunosuppression. Recent gene therapy clinical trials with viral vectors have shown clinical efficacy in the correction of genetic diseases, HIV and cancer. The first successful gene therapy clinical trials were carried out with onco(γ-)retroviral vectors but oncogenesis by insertional mutagenesis appeared as a serious complication. Lentiviral vectors have emerged as a potentially safer strategy, and recently the first clinical trial of patients with advanced leukemia using lentiviral vectors has proven successful. Additionally, therapeutic lentivectors have shown clinical efficacy for the treatment of HIV, X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, and β-thalassaemia. This review aims at describing lentivectors and how they can be utilized to boost anti-tumour immune responses by manipulating the effector immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lubong Sabado
- NYU Langone Medical Center Cancer Institute; New York University School of Medicine, New York; New York
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- NYU Langone Medical Center Cancer Institute; New York University School of Medicine, New York; New York
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Xiao H, Peng Y, Hong Y, Huang L, Guo ZS, Bartlett DL, Fu N, Munn DH, Mellor A, He Y. Local administration of TLR ligands rescues the function of tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells and enhances the antitumor effect of lentivector immunization. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:5866-73. [PMID: 23610140 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines, to date, have shown limited effect to control the growth of established tumors due largely to effector failure of the antitumor immune responses. Tumor lesion is characterized as chronic indolent inflammation in which the effector function of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is severely impaired. In this study, we investigated whether the effector function of CD8 TILs could be rescued by converting the chronic inflammation milieu to acute inflammation within tumors. We found that injection of TLR3/9 ligands (polyI:C/CpG) into a tumor during the effector phase of lentivector (lv) immunization effectively rescued the function of lv-activated CD8 TILs and decreased the percentage of T regulatory within the tumor, resulting in a marked improvement in the antitumor efficacy of lv immunization. Mechanistically, rescue of the effector function of CD8 TILs by TLR3/9 ligands is most likely dependent on production, within a tumor, of type-1 IFN that can mature and activate tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells. The effector function of CD8 TILs could not be rescued in mice lacking intact type I IFN signaling. These findings have important implications for tumor immunotherapy, suggesting that type I IFN-mediated activation of tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells within a tumor will most likely restore/enhance the effector function of CD8 TILs and thus improve the antitumor efficacy of current cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Xiao
- Immunology/Immunotherapy Program, Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Guo C, Yi H, Yu X, Zuo D, Qian J, Yang G, Foster BA, Subjeck JR, Sun X, Mikkelsen RB, Fisher PB, Wang XY. In situ vaccination with CD204 gene-silenced dendritic cell, not unmodified dendritic cell, enhances radiation therapy of prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:2331-41. [PMID: 22896667 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Given the complexity of prostate cancer progression and metastasis, multimodalities that target different aspects of tumor biology, for example, radiotherapy in conjunction with immunotherapy, may provide the best opportunities for promoting clinical benefits in patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer. Here, we show that intratumoral administration of unmodified dendritic cells (DC) failed to synergize with fractionated radiotherapy. However, ionizing radiation combined with in situ vaccination with DCs, in which the immunosuppressive scavenger receptor A (SRA/CD204) has been downregulated by lentivirus-mediated gene silencing, profoundly suppressed the growth of two mouse prostate cancers (e.g., RM1 and TRAMP-C2) and prolonged the lifespan of tumor-bearing animals. Treatment of subcutaneous tumors with this novel combinatorial radioimmunotherapeutic regimen resulted in a significant reduction in distant experimental metastases. SRA/CD204-silenced DCs were highly efficient in generating antigen or tumor-specific T cells with increased effector functions (e.g., cytokine production and tumoricidal activity). SRA/CD204 silencing-enhanced tumor cell death was associated with elevated IFN-γ levels in tumor tissue and increased tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) cells. IFN-γ neutralization or depletion of CD8(+) cells abrogated the SRA/CD204 downregulation-promoted antitumor efficacy, indicating a critical role of IFN-γ-producing CD8(+) T cells. Therefore, blocking SRA/CD204 activity significantly enhances the therapeutic potency of local radiotherapy combined with in situ DC vaccination by promoting a robust systemic antitumor immunity. Further studies are warranted to test this novel combinatorial approach for translating into improved clinical outcomes in patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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PD-1/PD-L1 blockade can enhance HIV-1 Gag-specific T cell immunity elicited by dendritic cell-directed lentiviral vaccines. Mol Ther 2012; 20:1800-9. [PMID: 22588271 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exhaustion of CD8(+) T cells and upregulation of programmed death 1 (PD-1), a negative regulator of T cell activation, are characteristic features of individuals chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. In a previous study, we showed in mice that a dendritic cell-directed lentiviral vector (DCLV) system encoding the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 Gag protein was an efficient vaccine modality to induce a durable Gag-specific T cell immune response. In this study, we demonstrate that blocking of the PD-1/PD-1 ligand (PD-L) inhibitory signal via an anti-PD-L1 antibody generated an enhanced HIV-1 Gag-specific CD8(+) immune response following both a single round of DCLV immunization and a homologous prime/boost regimen. The prime/boost regimen combined with PD-L1 blockade generated very high levels of Gag-specific CD8(+) T cells comprising several valuable features: improved ability to produce multiple cytokines, responding to a broader range of Gag-derived epitopes, and long-lasting memory. This enhanced cellular immune response generated by DCLV immunization combined with anti-PD-L1 blockade correlated with improved viral control following challenge with Gag-expressing vaccinia virus. Taken together, our studies offer evidence to support the use of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade as an adjuvant modality to enhance antigen-specific immune responses elicited by T cell-based immunizations such as DCLV.
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Hong Y, Peng Y, Xiao H, Mi M, Munn D, He Y. Immunoglobulin Fc fragment tagging allows strong activation of endogenous CD4 T cells to reshape the tumor milieu and enhance the antitumor effect of lentivector immunization. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:4819-27. [PMID: 22504640 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A major problem with current cancer vaccines is that the induction of CD8 immune responses is rarely associated with antitumor benefits, mainly owing to multiple immune suppressions in established tumor lesions. In this study, we investigated if and how activation of endogenous CD4 T cells could be achieved to influence the suppressive tumor milieu and antitumor effect. We engineered a lentivector (lv) to express a nominal fusion Ag composed of hepatitis B surface protein and IgG2a Fc fragment (HBS-Fc-lv) to increase the magnitude of CD8 response but, more importantly, to induce effective coactivation of CD4 T cells. We found that, remarkably, immunization with HBS-Fc-lv caused significant regression of established tumors. Immunologic analysis revealed that, compared with HBS-lv without Fc fragment, immunization with HBS-Fc-lv markedly increased the number of functional CD8 and CD4 T cells and the level of Th1/Tc1-like cytokines in the tumor while substantially decreasing the regulatory T cell ratio. The favorable immunologic changes in tumor lesions and the improvement of antitumor effects from HBS-Fc-lv immunization were dependent on the CD4 activation, which was Fc receptor mediated. Adoptive transfer of CD4 T cells from the HBS-Fc-lv-immunized mice could activate endogenous CD8 T cells in an IFN-γ-dependent manner. We conclude that endogenous CD4 T cells can be activated by lv expressing Fc-tagged Ag to provide another layer of help--that is, creating a Th1/Tc1-like proinflammatory milieu within the tumor lesion to boost the effector phase of immune responses in enhancing the antitumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hong
- Immunology/Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Hu JG, Shen L, Wang R, Wang QY, Zhang C, Xi J, Ma SF, Zhou JS, Lü HZ. Effects of Olig2-overexpressing neural stem cells and myelin basic protein-activated T cells on recovery from spinal cord injury. Neurotherapeutics 2012; 9:422-45. [PMID: 22173726 PMCID: PMC3337015 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-011-0090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation is a major focus of current research for treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). However, it is very important to promote the survival and differentiation of NSCs into myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs). In this study, myelin basic protein-activated T (MBP-T) cells were passively immunized to improve the SCI microenvironment. Olig2-overexpressing NSCs were infected with a lentivirus carrying the enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene to generate Olig2-GFP-NSCs that were transplanted into the injured site to differentiate into OLs. Transferred MBP-T cells infiltrated the injured spinal cord, produced neurotrophic factors, and induced the differentiation of resident microglia and/or infiltrating blood monocytes into an "alternatively activated" anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype by producing interleukin-13. As a result, the survival of transplanted NSCs increased fivefold in MBP-T cell-transferred rats compared with that of the vehicle-treated control. In addition, the differentiation of MBP-positive OLs increased 12-fold in Olig2-GFP-NSC-transplanted rats compared with that of GFP-NSC-transplanted controls. In the MBP-T cell and Olig2-GFP-NSC combined group, the number of OL-remyelinated axons significantly increased compared with those of all other groups. However, a significant decrease in spinal cord lesion volume and an increase in spared myelin and behavioral recovery were observed in Olig2-NSC- and NSC-transplanted MBP-T cell groups. Collectively, these results suggest that MBP-T cell adoptive immunotherapy combined with NSC transplantation has a synergistic effect on histological and behavioral improvement after traumatic SCI. Although Olig2 overexpression enhances OL differentiation and myelination, the effect on functional recovery may be surpassed by MBP-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Hu
- />Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004 People’s Republic of China
- />Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Shen
- />Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- />Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi-Yi Wang
- />Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- />Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Xi
- />Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan-Feng Ma
- />Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Sheng Zhou
- />Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004 People’s Republic of China
| | - He-Zuo Lü
- />Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004 People’s Republic of China
- />Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233004 People’s Republic of China
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Chen JH, Yu YS, Chen XH, Liu HH, Zang GQ, Tang ZH. Enhancement of CTLs induced by DCs loaded with ubiquitinated hepatitis B virus core antigen. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:1319-27. [PMID: 22493545 PMCID: PMC3319958 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i12.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether hepatitis B virus (HBV) could induce a hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response in vitro by dendritic cells (DCs) transduced with lentiviral vector-encoding ubiquitinated hepatitis B virus core antigen (LV-Ub-HBcAg).
METHODS: Recombinant LV-Ub-HBcAg were transfected into highly susceptible 293 T cells to obtain high virus titres. Bone marrow-derived DCs isolated from BALB/c mice were cultured with recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and recombinant interleukin (IL)-4. LV-Ub-HBcAg, lentiviral vector-encoding hepatitis B virus core antigen (LV-HBcAg), lentiviral vector (LV) or lipopolysaccharide were added to induce DC maturation, and the DC phenotypes were analyzed by flow cytometry. The level of IL-12 in the supernatant was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). T lymphocytes were proliferated using Cell Counting Kit-8. DCs were cultured and induced to mature using different LVs, and co-cultured with allogeneic T cells to detect the secretion levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and interferon-γ in the supernatants of T cells by ELISA. Intracellular cytokines of proliferative T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, and specific CTL activity was measured by a lactate dehydrogenase release assay.
RESULTS: LV-Ub-HBcAg-induced DCs secreted more IL-12 and upregulated the expression of CD80, CD86 and major histocompatibility class II. DCs sensitised by different LVs effectively promoted cytokine secretion; the levels of IL-2 and interferon-γ induced by LV-Ub-HBcAg were higher than those induced by LV-HBcAg. Compared with LV-HBcAg-transduced DCs, LV-Ub-HBcAg-transduced DCs more efficiently stimulated the proliferation of T lymphocytes and generated HBcAg-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
CONCLUSION: LV-Ub-HBcAg effectively induced DC maturation. The mature DCs efficiently induced T cell polarisation to Th1 and generated HBcAg-specific CTLs.
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Tumour-derived IL-10 within tumour microenvironment represses the antitumour immunity of Socs1-silenced and sustained antigen expressing DCs. Eur J Cancer 2012; 48:2252-9. [PMID: 22230748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that silencing of suppressor of cytokine signalling 1 (Socs1) or stably expressing transgenic protein Ags in antigen-presenting dentritic cells (DCs) strongly enhances antigen-specific anti-tumour immunity. However, whether the strong and long-lasting T cell responses induced by the modified DCs could modulate the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment has not been clarified. In this study, we explored the anti-tumour immunity of DCs modified by Socs1-shRNA lentiviral transduction combined with sustained expression of TRP2 in different tumour models. We showed that transfer Socs1-silenced or tumour antigen TRP2 persistent expressed DCs, or DCs modified by combination of Socs1-silencing and sustaining TRP2 expression prior to inoculation of tumour cells delayed B16 tumour cell growth, prolonged mouse survival and increased the ratio of CD8+ T/Treg as well as the CTL activity in tumours. However, there was no significant effect on tumour growth and mouse survival rate upon tumour established. Further, we showed that tumour cell secreted IL-10 counteracted the immunity of modified DCs in established tumour model, injection of Socs1-shRNA and TRP2 antigen modified significantly inhibited growth of the established B16-IL-10(-/-) tumours. These data indicated that the high level of IL-10 within tumour microenvironment is one of factors that compromise DC vaccine functions.
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Engineered Viruses as Vaccine Platforms. INNOVATION IN VACCINOLOGY 2012. [PMCID: PMC7120934 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4543-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many viruses have been investigated for the development of genetic vaccines and the ideal ones must be endowed with many properties, such as the quality and the quantity of the immunological response induced against the encoded antigens, safety and production on a large scale basis. Viral based vaccines must also deal with the potential problem of the pre-existing antivector immunity. Several viral vaccine vectors have emerged to date, all of them having relative advantages and limits depending on the proposed application. Recent successes reflect diverse improvements such as development of new adenovirus serotypes and prime-boost regimes. This chapter describes the features of four viral vector systems based on poxviruses, adenoviruses, alphaviruses and lentiviruses and recent results following their use with a particular emphasis on clinical research, highlighting the challenges and successes.
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Yi H, Guo C, Yu X, Gao P, Qian J, Zuo D, Manjili MH, Fisher PB, Subjeck JR, Wang XY. Targeting the immunoregulator SRA/CD204 potentiates specific dendritic cell vaccine-induced T-cell response and antitumor immunity. Cancer Res 2011; 71:6611-20. [PMID: 21914786 PMCID: PMC3213980 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-1801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although dendritic cell (DC) vaccines offer promise as cancer immunotherapy, further improvements are needed to amplify their clinical therapeutic efficacy. The pattern recognition scavenger receptor SRA/CD204 attenuates the ability of DCs to activate CD8(+) T-cell responses. Therefore, we examined the impact of SRA/CD204 on antitumor responses generated by DC vaccines and we also evaluated the feasibility of enhancing DC vaccine potency by SRA/CD204 blockade. DCs from SRA/CD204-deficient mice were more immunogenic in generating antitumor responses to B16 melanoma, compared with DCs from wild-type mice. Similarly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of SRA/CD204 by lentiviral vectors improved the ability of wild-type DCs to stimulate the expansion and activation of CD8(+) T cells specific for idealized or established melanoma antigens in mice. Using SRA/CD204-silenced DCs to generate antigen-targeted vaccines, we documented a marked increase in the level of antitumor immunity achieved against established B16 tumors and metastases. This increase was associated with enhanced activation of antigen specific CTLs, greater tumor infiltration by CD8(+) T cells and NK cells, and increased intratumoral ratios of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-effector cells to CD4(+)CD25(+) T-regulatory cells. Our studies establish that downregulating SRA/CD204 strongly enhances DC-mediated antitumor immunity. In addition, they provide a rationale to enhance DC vaccine potency through SRA/CD204-targeting approaches that can improve clinical outcomes in cancer treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Genetic Therapy
- Genetic Vectors/pharmacology
- Genetic Vectors/therapeutic use
- Immunotherapy, Active
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Lentivirus/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/secondary
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/deficiency
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/immunology
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering/therapeutic use
- Scavenger Receptors, Class A/antagonists & inhibitors
- Scavenger Receptors, Class A/deficiency
- Scavenger Receptors, Class A/genetics
- Scavenger Receptors, Class A/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/transplantation
- Vaccination
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanfa Yi
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
| | - Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
| | - Xiaofei Yu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
| | - Ping Gao
- College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jie Qian
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
| | - Daming Zuo
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
| | - Masoud H. Manjili
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
| | - Paul B. Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
| | - John R. Subjeck
- Department of Cellular Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY14263, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298, USA
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47
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Arce F, Breckpot K, Collins M, Escors D. Targeting lentiviral vectors for cancer immunotherapy. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2011; 7:248-260. [PMID: 22983382 DOI: 10.2174/157339411797642605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of tumour-associated antigens (TAA) in a way that induces effective, specific immunity is a challenge in anti-cancer vaccine design. Circumventing tumour-induced tolerogenic mechanisms in vivo is also critical for effective immunotherapy. Effective immune responses are induced by professional antigen presenting cells, in particular dendritic cells (DC). This requires presentation of the antigen to both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the context of strong co-stimulatory signals. Lentiviral vectors have been tested as vehicles, for both ex vivo and in vivo delivery of TAA and/or activation signals to DC, and have been demonstrated to induce potent T cell mediated immune responses that can control tumour growth. This review will focus on the use of lentiviral vectors for in vivo gene delivery to DC, introducing strategies to target DC, either targeting cell entry or gene expression to improve safety of the lentiviral vaccine or targeting dendritic cell activation pathways to enhance performance of the lentiviral vaccine. In conclusion, this review highlights the potential of lentiviral vectors as a generally applicable 'off-the-shelf' anti-cancer immunotherapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Arce
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Medical School of the Royal Free and University College London, 46 Cleveland Street, London W1T 4JF, United Kingdom
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48
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Xiao H, Peng Y, Hong Y, Liu Y, Guo ZS, Bartlett DL, Fu N, He Y. Lentivector prime and vaccinia virus vector boost generate high-quality CD8 memory T cells and prevent autochthonous mouse melanoma. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:1788-96. [PMID: 21746967 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Most cancer vaccines, to date, fail to control established tumors. However, their application in preventing tumors is another question that is understudied. In the current study, we investigated the CD8 memory T cell responses of lentivector (lv) immunization and its potential to prevent melanoma using both transplantable B16 tumor and autochthonous melanoma models. We found that lv-expressing xenogenic human gp100 could induce potent CD8 responses that cross-react with mouse gp100. Importantly, the lv-primed CD8 response consisted of a high number of memory precursors and could be further increased by recombinant vaccinia virus vector (vv) boost, resulting in enhanced CD8 memory response. These long-lasting CD8 memory T cells played a critical role in immune surveillance and could rapidly respond and expand after sensing B16 tumor cells to prevent tumor establishment. Although CD8 response plays a dominant role after lv immunization, both CD4 and CD8 T cells are responsible for the immune prevention. In addition, we surprisingly found that CD4 help was not only critical for generating primary CD8 responses, but also important for secondary CD8 responses of vv boost. CD4 depletion prior to lv prime or prior to vv boost substantially reduced the magnitude of secondary CD8 effector and memory responses, and severely compromised the effect of cancer immune prevention. More importantly, the CD8 memory response from lv-vv prime-boost immunization could effectively prevent autochthonous melanoma in tumor-prone transgenic mice, providing a strong evidence that lv-vv prime-boost strategy is an effective approach for cancer immune prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Xiao
- Immunology/Immunotherapy Program, Georgia Health Sciences University Cancer Center, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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49
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Hong Y, Peng Y, Mi M, Xiao H, Munn DH, Wang GQ, He Y. Lentivector expressing HBsAg and immunoglobulin Fc fusion antigen induces potent immune responses and results in seroconversion in HBsAg transgenic mice. Vaccine 2011; 29:3909-16. [PMID: 21421003 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Even though hepatitis B virus(HBV) vaccines effectively prevent new cases of HBV infection, with approximately 350 million patients worldwide, chronic HBV infection remains a major health problem because of the associated complications (such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma) and the limited treatment options. Immunotherapy has the potential to effectively control HBV replication. In this current study, we found that recombinant lentivectors could induce potent HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) specific T cell responses and humoral immune responses. Tagging the HBsAg with immunoglobulin Fc fragment further substantially increased the HBsAg specific immune responses. Remarkably, the HBS-Fc-lv lentivector could effectively break immune tolerance and induce potent HBsAg specific adaptive immune responses in HBsAg transgenic (Tg) mice with low serum level of HBsAg. More importantly, the induction of HBsAg specific immune responses in Tg mice accompanied seroconversion from HBsAg to anti-HBsAg antibody (anti-HBsAb). Our study demonstrated the potential of utilizing lentivector to treat chronic HBV infection following reduction of viral load with antiviral drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hong
- Immunology/Immunotherapy Program, MCG Cancer Center, Georgia Health Science University, Augusta, GA, United States
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50
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Goold HD, Escors D, Conlan TJ, Chakraverty R, Bennett CL. Conventional dendritic cells are required for the activation of helper-dependent CD8 T cell responses to a model antigen after cutaneous vaccination with lentiviral vectors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:4565-72. [PMID: 21389256 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous vaccination with lentiviral vectors generates systemic CD8 T cell responses that have the potential to eradicate tumors for cancer immunotherapy. However, although s.c. immunization with <1 million lentiviral particles clearly primes cytotoxic T cells, vaccination with much higher doses has routinely been used to define the mechanisms of T cell activation by lentiviral vectors. In particular, experiments to test presentation of lentiviral Ags by dendritic cells (DC) require injection of high viral titers, which may result in aberrant transduction of different DC populations. We exploited inducible murine models of DC depletion to investigate which DC prime the lentiviral response after s.c. immunization with low doses of lentiviral particles. In this article, we demonstrate that conventional DC are required to present Ag to CD8 T cells in draining lymph nodes. Langerhans cells are not required to activate the effector response, and neither Langerhans cells nor plasmacytoid DC are sufficient to prime Ag-specific T cells. Immunization drives the generation of endogenous long-lived memory T cells that can be reactivated to kill Ag-specific targets in the absence of inflammatory challenge. Furthermore, lentiviral vaccination activates expansion of endogenous CD4 Th cells, which are required for the generation of effector CD8 T cells that produce IFN-γ and kill Ag-specific targets. Collectively, we demonstrate that after cutaneous immunization with lentiviral particles, CD4-licensed lymph node conventional DC present Ag to CD8 T cells, resulting in the generation of protective endogenous antitumor immunity that may be effective for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh D Goold
- Division of Cancer Studies, Department of Haematology, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
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