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Li J, Chen Y, Fan Y, Wang H, Mu W, Liu X. Radiotherapy combined with anti-CEACAM1 immunotherapy to induce survival advantage in glioma. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:32. [PMID: 36928507 PMCID: PMC10020409 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00638-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to observe the effect of radiotherapy on the expression of immune checkpoint molecule CEACAM1 in patients with glioma and the therapeutical effect of radiotherapy combined with blockade of CEACAM1 in mice with intracranial gliomas. METHODS The expression of CEACAM1 on T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with glioma was detected before and after radiotherapy; GL261 murine glioma cells (stably transfected with the luciferase gene) were implanted in the right caudate nucleus of C57BL/6 mice, and tumour growth was observed using the small animal in vivo imaging system. Mice were divided into 4 groups: (1) the isotype control; (2) the radiotherapy; (3) the anti-CEACAM1 treatment; and (4) the combination therapy. The survival of mice after treatment was recorded; the expression of CEACAM1 on murine glioma cells was detected by immunohistochemistry before and after radiotherapy; flow cytometry was adopted to detect CD8+ T-cells (Treg) (CD4+FoxP3+CD25+) among mouse brain-infiltrating T-cells; serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 were detected by ELISA; proliferation and apoptosis were observed by immunohistochemistry; Retrospective RNA-seq data analysis was conducted in a cohort of 325 patients with glioma in the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database and 702 patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. RESULTS The expression of CEACAM1 on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in the peripheral blood of patients with glioma was significantly higher 1 week after radiotherapy than before radiotherapy and was further increased 1 month after radiotherapy. Combined therapy notably inhibited the growth of intracranial tumours in mice and prolonged their survival time, with some mice being capable of surviving long-term (> 90 d). Immunohistochemistry revealed that the expression of CEACAM1 in murine glioma tissues after radiotherapy was elevated in a time-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis showed an increase in mouse brain-infiltrating CD8+ T-lymphocytes, a decrease in Treg cells, and an increase in CD8+ T/Treg cells after treatment. ELISA demonstrated the elevated levels of IFN and decreased levels of IL-10 in the serum of mice in the combination therapy group. CONCLUSIONS Radiotherapy combined with CEACAM1 inhibitors resulted in strong and durable anti-tumour immune responses against murine glioma and long-term survival of some mice. Hence, this study is expected to offer new effective immunotherapy strategies against glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yimin Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongqin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Mu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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2
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De Ridder K, Tung N, Werle JT, Karpf L, Awad RM, Bernier A, Ceuppens H, Salmon H, Goyvaerts C. Novel 3D Lung Tumor Spheroids for Oncoimmunological Assays. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten De Ridder
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy Department of Biomedical Sciences Vrije Universiteit Brussel Laarbeeklaan 103-E 1090 Jette Belgium
| | - Navpreet Tung
- Department of Oncological Sciences The Precision Immunology Institute The Tisch Cancer Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 1470 Madison Avenue New York NY 10029 USA
| | - Jan-Timon Werle
- Institut Curie INSERM 75005 Paris France
- PSL Research University 75006 Paris France
| | - Léa Karpf
- Department of Oncological Sciences The Precision Immunology Institute The Tisch Cancer Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 1470 Madison Avenue New York NY 10029 USA
| | - Robin Maximilian Awad
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy Department of Biomedical Sciences Vrije Universiteit Brussel Laarbeeklaan 103-E 1090 Jette Belgium
| | - Annie Bernier
- Institut Curie INSERM 75005 Paris France
- PSL Research University 75006 Paris France
| | - Hannelore Ceuppens
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy Department of Biomedical Sciences Vrije Universiteit Brussel Laarbeeklaan 103-E 1090 Jette Belgium
| | - Hélène Salmon
- Department of Oncological Sciences The Precision Immunology Institute The Tisch Cancer Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 1470 Madison Avenue New York NY 10029 USA
- Institut Curie INSERM 75005 Paris France
- PSL Research University 75006 Paris France
| | - Cleo Goyvaerts
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy Department of Biomedical Sciences Vrije Universiteit Brussel Laarbeeklaan 103-E 1090 Jette Belgium
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3
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Galore-Haskel G, Greenberg E, Yahav I, Markovits E, Ortenberg R, Shapira-Fromer R, Itzhaki O, Schachter J, Besser MJ, Markel G. microRNA expression patterns in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes are strongly associated with response to adoptive cell transfer therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:1541-1555. [PMID: 33201337 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02782-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) using autologous tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was previously shown to yield clinical response in metastatic melanoma patients as an advanced line. Unfortunately, there is no reliable marker for predicting who will benefit from the treatment. We analyzed TIL samples from the infusion bags used for treatment of 57 metastatic melanoma patients and compared their microRNA profiles. The discovery cohort included six responding patients and seven patients with progressive disease, as defined by RECIST1.1. High throughput analysis with NanoString nCounter demonstrated significantly higher levels of miR-34a-5p and miR-22-3p among TIL from non-responders. These results were validated in TIL infusion bag samples from an independent cohort of 44 patients, using qRT-PCR of the individual microRNAs. Using classification trees, a data-driven predictive model for response was built, based on the level of expression of these microRNAs. Patients that achieved stable disease were classified with responders, setting apart the patients with progressive disease. Moreover, the expression levels of miR-34a-5p in the infused TIL created distinct survival groups, which strongly supports its role as a potential biomarker for TIL-ACT therapy. Indeed, when tested against autologous melanoma cells, miRLow TIL cultures exhibited significantly higher cytotoxic activity than miRHigh TIL cultures, and expressed features of terminally exhausted effectors. Finally, overexpression of miR-34a-5p or miR-22-3p in TIL inhibited their cytotoxic ability in vitro. Overall, we show that a two-microRNA signature correlates with failure of TIL-ACT therapy and survival in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilli Galore-Haskel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 526260, Israel
| | - Eyal Greenberg
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 526260, Israel
| | - Inbal Yahav
- Graduate School of Business Administration, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ettai Markovits
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 526260, Israel.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rona Ortenberg
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 526260, Israel
| | - Ronnie Shapira-Fromer
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 526260, Israel
| | - Orit Itzhaki
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 526260, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 526260, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal J Besser
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 526260, Israel.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 526260, Israel. .,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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4
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Gur C, Maalouf N, Shhadeh A, Berhani O, Singer BB, Bachrach G, Mandelboim O. Fusobacterium nucleatum supresses anti-tumor immunity by activating CEACAM1. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1581531. [PMID: 31069151 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1581531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is an oral anaerobe found to be enriched in colorectal cancer (CRC). Presence of F. nucleatum in CRC has been correlated with resistance to chemotherapy and poor prognosis. We previously demonstrated that the Fap2 outer-surface protein of F. nucleatum binds and activates the human inhibitory receptor TIGIT which is expressed by T and Natural Killer (NK) cells, and inhibits anti-tumor immunity. Here we show that F. nucleatum also binds and activates the human inhibitory receptor CEACAM1 leading to inhibition of T and NK cells activities. Our results suggest that using CEACAM1 and TIGIT inhibitors and specific targeting of fusobacteria should be considered for treating fusobacteria-colonized tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamutal Gur
- The Lautenberg Center of General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Naseem Maalouf
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amjad Shhadeh
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orit Berhani
- The Lautenberg Center of General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Gilad Bachrach
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Lautenberg Center of General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Jerusalem, Israel
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5
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Size Matters: The Functional Role of the CEACAM1 Isoform Signature and Its Impact for NK Cell-Mediated Killing in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030356. [PMID: 30871206 PMCID: PMC6468645 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive and treatment resistant type of skin cancer. It is characterized by continuously rising incidence and high mortality rate due to its high metastatic potential. Various types of cell adhesion molecules have been implicated in tumor progression in melanoma. One of these, the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), is a multi-functional receptor protein potentially expressed in epithelia, endothelia, and leukocytes. CEACAM1 often appears in four isoforms differing in the length of their extracellular and intracellular domains. Both the CEACAM1 expression in general, and the ratio of the expressed CEACAM1 splice variants appear very dynamic. They depend on both the cell activation stage and the cell growth phase. Interestingly, normal melanocytes are negative for CEACAM1, while melanomas often show high expression. As a cell–cell communication molecule, CEACAM1 mediates the direct interaction between tumor and immune cells. In the tumor cell this interaction leads to functional inhibitions, and indirectly to decreased cancer cell immunogenicity by down-regulation of ligands of the NKG2D receptor. On natural killer (NK) cells it inhibits NKG2D-mediated cytolysis and signaling. This review focuses on novel mechanistic insights into CEACAM1 isoforms for NK cell-mediated immune escape mechanisms in melanoma, and their clinical relevance in patients suffering from malignant melanoma.
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6
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Nichita L, Zurac S, Bastian A, Stinga P, Nedelcu R, Brinzea A, Turcu G, Ion D, Jilaveanu L, Sticlaru L, Popp C, Cioplea M. Comparative analysis of CEACAM1 expression in thin melanomas with and without regression. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4149-4154. [PMID: 30944609 PMCID: PMC6444332 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a key molecule in several intracellular and intercellular signaling pathways, with multiple functional and structural roles. CEACAM1 expression in melanoma is often described in the invading part of the tumor and has been associated with increased melanoma cells invasion and migration. We studied CEACAM1 expression in regressing versus non-regressing thin melanomas, knowing that phenomenon of regression represents a valuable model for understanding tumor immunity. In melanoma, through homophilic interactions, CEACAM1 inhibits natural killer cell activity, inhibits effector functions of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, such as cytotoxicity and interferon-γ release. We present a retrospective study including 53 consecutive cases of thin melanoma, 21 with regression and 32 without regression. Comparative analysis of CEACAM1 expression in regressed and non-regressed areas from melanomas with regression and in non-regressed melanomas was performed. We used three different clones of CEACAM1: AA 1-428, extracellular domain, rabbit; AA 1-428, mouse, clone 8B6E2F4; and AA 1-468, full length, mouse, clone 2F6. All three clones had similar reactivity. We identified membrane positivity of tumor cells in non-regressed melanomas and in non-regressed areas in melanomas with regression. Remaining tumor cells in regressed areas were mostly negative for CEACAM1. In non-regressed lesions, there was a stronger positivity of CEACAM1 in the deep invasive front. In thin melanomas, CEACAM1 overexpression is related with invasiveness, suggesting that CEACAM1-positive melanomas are more aggressive. Also, in areas of regression tumor cells lose CEACAM1 expression, probably correlated with the presence of natural killer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Nichita
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 010221 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sabina Zurac
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 010221 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Bastian
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 010221 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Patricia Stinga
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana Nedelcu
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alice Brinzea
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Turcu
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Dermatology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Ion
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucia Jilaveanu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 208028, USA
| | - Liana Sticlaru
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristiana Popp
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mirela Cioplea
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
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7
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Margolis N, Markovits E, Markel G. Reprogramming lymphocytes for the treatment of melanoma: From biology to therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 141:104-124. [PMID: 31276707 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This decade has introduced drastic changes in melanoma therapy, predominantly due to the materialization of the long promise of immunotherapy. Cytotoxic T cells are the chief component of the immune system, which are targeted by different strategies aimed to increase their capacity against melanoma cells. To this end, reprogramming of T cells occurs by T cell centered manipulation, targeting the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment or altering the whole patient. These are enabled by delivery of small molecules, functional monoclonal antibodies, different subunit vaccines, as well as living lymphocytes, native or genetically engineered. Current FDA-approved therapies are focused on direct T cell manipulation, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors blocking CTLA-4 and/or PD-1, which paves the way for an effective immunotherapy backbone available for combination with other modalities. Here we review the biology and clinical developments that enable melanoma immunotherapy today and in the future.
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8
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On the Dual Role of Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (CEACAM1) in Human Malignancies. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:7169081. [PMID: 30406153 PMCID: PMC6204181 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7169081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a glycoprotein belonging to the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family that is expressed on a wide variety of cells and holds a complex role in inflammation through its alternate splicing and generation of various isoforms, mediating intricate mechanisms of modulation and dysregulation. Initially regarded as a tumor suppressor as its expression shows considerable downregulation within the epithelia in the early phases of many solid cancers, CEACAM1 has been linked lately to the progression of malignancy and metastatic spread as various papers point to its role in tumor progression, angiogenesis, and invasion. We reviewed the literature and discussed the various expression patterns of CEACAM1 in different types of tumors, describing its structure and general biologic functions and emphasizing the most significant findings that link this molecule to poor prognosis. The importance of understanding the role of CEACAM1 in cell transformation stands not only in this adhesion molecule's value as a prognostic factor but also in its promising premise as a potential new molecular target that could be exploited as a specific cancer therapy.
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9
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Hosomi S, Grootjans J, Huang YH, Kaser A, Blumberg RS. New Insights Into the Regulation of Natural-Killer Group 2 Member D (NKG2D) and NKG2D-Ligands: Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and CEA-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule 1. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1324. [PMID: 29973929 PMCID: PMC6020765 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural-killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) is a well-characterized activating receptor expressed by natural killer (NK) cells, NKT cells, activated CD8+ T cells, subsets of γδ+ T cells, and innate-like T cells. NKG2D recognizes multiple ligands (NKG2D-ligands) to mount an innate immune response against stressed, transformed, or infected cells. NKG2D-ligand surface expression is tightly restricted on healthy cells through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, while transformed or infected cells express the ligands as a danger signal. Recent studies have revealed that unfolded protein response pathways during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress result in upregulation of ULBP-related protein via the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase-activating factor 4-C/EBP homologous protein (PERK-ATF4-CHOP) pathway, which can be linked to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Transformed cells, however, possess mechanisms to escape NKG2D-mediated immune surveillance, such as upregulation of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), a negative regulator of NKG2D-ligands. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of NKG2D-ligand regulation, with a focus on newly discovered mechanisms that promote NKG2D-ligand expression on epithelial cells, including ER stress, and mechanisms that suppress NKG2D-ligand-mediated killing of cancer cells, namely by co-expression of CEACAM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Hosomi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Joep Grootjans
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yu-Hwa Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Arthur Kaser
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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10
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Kfir-Elirachman K, Ortenberg R, Vizel B, Besser MJ, Barshack I, Schachter J, Nemlich Y, Markel G. Regulation of CEACAM1 Protein Expression by the Transcription Factor ETS-1 in BRAF-Mutant Human Metastatic Melanoma Cells. Neoplasia 2018; 20:401-409. [PMID: 29558679 PMCID: PMC5909674 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF becomes constitutively activated in 50% to 70% of melanoma cases. CEACAM1 has a dual role in melanoma, including facilitation of cell proliferation and suppression of infiltrating lymphocytes, which are consistent with its value as a marker for poor prognosis in melanoma patients. Here we show that BRAFV600E melanoma cells treated with BRAF and MEK inhibitors (MAPKi) downregulate CEACAM1 mRNA and protein expression in a dose- and exposure time–dependent manners. Indeed, there is a significant correlation between the presence of BRAFV600E and CEACAM1 expression in melanoma specimens obtained from 45 patients. Vemurafenib-resistant cell systems reactivate the MAPK pathway and restore basal CEACAM1 mRNA and protein levels. These combined results suggest transcriptional regulation. Indeed, luciferase reporting assays show that CEACAM1 promoter (CEACAM1p) activity is significantly reduced by MAPKi. Importantly, we show that the MAPK-driven CEACAM1p activity is mediated by ETS1, a major transcription factor and downstream effector of the MAPK pathway. Phosphorylation mutant ETS1T38A shows a dominant negative effect over CEACAM1 expression. The data are consistent with independent RNAseq data from serial biopsies of melanoma patients treated with BRAF inhibitors, which demonstrate similar CEACAM1 downregulation. Finally, we show that CEACAM1 downregulation by MAPKi renders the cells more sensitive to T-cell activation. These results provide a new view on a potential immunological mechanism of action of MAPKi in melanoma, as well as on the aggressive phenotype observed in drug-resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Kfir-Elirachman
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 5262620, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rona Ortenberg
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 5262620, Israel
| | - Bella Vizel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 5262620, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal J Besser
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 5262620, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Barshack
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 5262620, Israel; Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 5262620, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 5262620, Israel; Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 5262620, Israel
| | - Yael Nemlich
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 5262620, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 5262620, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; School of Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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11
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Tam K, Schoppy DW, Shin JH, Tay JK, Moreno-Nieves U, Mundy DC, Sunwoo JB. Assessing the Impact of Targeting CEACAM1 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 159:76-84. [PMID: 29436278 DOI: 10.1177/0194599818756627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective In conjunction with advances made in cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery, immunotherapy has emerged as a fourth modality of treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Understanding the mechanisms by which HNSCC evades immune-mediated control will aid in the development of new therapies to augment an antitumor immune response. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a cell surface receptor that is expressed on malignant cells and lymphocytes such as natural killer (NK) cells. We sought to determine whether tumor-derived CEACAM1 inhibits NK cell cytotoxicity and whether blockade of CEACAM1 restores antitumor immunity. Study Design In vitro HNSCC cell line study. Setting Research laboratory. Subject and Methods We utilized a real-time cell analyzer to assess NK cell cytotoxicity against an oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line after modulating CEACAM1 expression by cytokines and shRNA knockdown of CEACAM1 expression. Results NK cells and HNSCC cells both demonstrated cytokine-inducible expression of CEACAM1. Coincubation of NK cells and HNSCC cells resulted in the upregulation of CEACAM1 on the tumor cells. When compared with CEACAM1- cells, CEACAM1+ tumor cells exhibited increased cell growth and increased size and number of organoids in 3-dimensional culture. Notably, CEACAM1+ HNSCC cells were more resistant to NK cell-mediated killing, but the inhibited expression of CEACAM1 by an shRNA construct restored NK cell cytotoxicity. Conclusion Together, these data indicate that CEACAM1 acts as an inducible checkpoint molecule, and they support the idea that targeting CEACAM1 could serve as a novel immunotherapy approach in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenric Tam
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - David W Schoppy
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - June Ho Shin
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Joshua K Tay
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,2 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Uriel Moreno-Nieves
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - David C Mundy
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - John B Sunwoo
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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12
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Lidar M, Giat E, Garelick D, Horowitz Y, Amital H, Steinberg-Silman Y, Schachter J, Shapira-Frommer R, Markel G. Rheumatic manifestations among cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:284-289. [PMID: 29341936 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has grown incessantly since they were first approved in 2014. These monoclonal antibodies inhibit T cell activation, yielding a dramatic tumor response with improved survival. However, immunotherapy is frequently hampered by immune adverse events (iAE) such as hypophysitis, colitis, hepatitis, pneumonitis and rash. Until recently, rheumatic side effects were only infrequently reported. AIM To describe the rheumatic manifestations encountered among patients treated with ICIs in a large tertiary cancer center in Israel METHODS: The cancer center's patient registry was screened for patients who had ever been treated with ipilimumab, pembrolizumab and/or nivolumab with relevant data gathered from clinical charts. RESULTS Rheumatic manifestations were encountered in 14 of 400 patients (3.5%) who had received immunotherapy between January 1st 2013 and April 30th, 2017. The most common rheumatic manifestation was inflammatory arthritis (85%) for which a third (4/11) had a clear cut predisposing factor such as a personal or family history of psoriasis, a prior episode of uveitis or ACPA positivity. Pulmonary sarcoidosis and biopsy-proven eosinophilic fasciitis were diagnosed in two additional patients. Treatment with NSAIDS was mostly unsuccessful while steroid therapy was beneficial in doses ≥20 mg/d. Methotrexate enabled steroid tapering without an excess of side effects or tumor progression in the short follow-up available. Overall, rheumatic manifestations tended to occur later in the course of immunotherapy as compared to other iAE. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore that rheumatic iAE are part of the side effect profile of ICIs and require heightened awareness as these therapies are becoming the standard of care for various malignancies. We show that these appear later in the course of iAEs and respond preferentially to high dose steroids. MTX appears effective as a steroid sparing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merav Lidar
- Rheumatology Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Eitan Giat
- Rheumatology Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | | | | | - Howard Amital
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Internal Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | | | - Jacob Schachter
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | | | - Gal Markel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Israel.
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13
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Li J, Liu X, Duan Y, Wang H, Su W, Wang Y, Zhuang G, Fan Y. Abnormal expression of circulating and tumor-infiltrating carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 in patients with glioma. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:3496-3503. [PMID: 29467871 PMCID: PMC5796289 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma, the most prevalent primary tumor of the central nervous system, is known to evade immune surveillance and escape immune attacks by inducing immunosuppression. The homophilic interactions of the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) serve a critical function in immunoregulation. In the present study, the expression levels of CEACAM1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from patients with gliomas were assessed. Furthermore, associations between CEACAM1 expression and multiple clinicopathological characteristics in patients with gliomas were analyzed. The results of the present study suggested that the expression of CEACAM1 in circulating T cells was markedly increased in patients with gliomas compared with control subjects, and was further increased in TILs. Patients with high-grade gliomas [World Health Organization (WHO) grade III–IV] demonstrated a significantly increased expression of CEACAM1 on T cells compared with those with low-grade gliomas (WHO grade I–II). Furthermore, the expression of CEACAM1 on T cells was negatively correlated with the Karnofsky score and the plasma level of interferon-γ in patients with gliomas. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the expression levels of CEACAM1 in high-grade glioma tissues (WHO grade III–IV) were increased compared with the expression levels in the controls, and were associated with the expression of CEACAM1 in TILs. In summary, the results of the present study indicate that homophilic interactions of CEACAM1 may participate in the progression and development of gliomas through their negative regulatory effects on T cells. Thus, CEACAM1 may be a promising candidate for targeted glioma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Yijun Duan
- Department of Immunology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, P.R. China
| | - Hongqin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Immunology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, P.R. China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, P.R. China
| | - Guotao Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Datong, Datong, Shanxi 037006, P.R. China
| | - Yimin Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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14
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Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is a powerful form of immunotherapy by inducing durable complete responses that significantly extend the survival of melanoma patients. Mutation-derived neoantigens were recently identified as key factors for tumor recognition and rejection by TILs. The isolation of T-cell receptor (TCR) genes directed against neoantigens and their retransduction into peripheral T cells may provide a new form of ACT.Genetic modifications of T cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have demonstrated remarkable clinical results in hematologic malignancies, but are so far less effective in solid tumors. Only very limited reports exist in melanoma. Progress in CAR T-cell engineering, including neutralization of inhibitory signals or additional safety switches, may open opportunities also in melanoma.We review clinical results and latest developments of adoptive therapies with TILs, T-cell receptor, and CAR-modified T cells and discuss future directions for the treatment of melanoma.
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15
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Sackstein R, Schatton T, Barthel SR. T-lymphocyte homing: an underappreciated yet critical hurdle for successful cancer immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2017; 97:669-697. [PMID: 28346400 PMCID: PMC5446300 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in cancer immunotherapy have offered new hope for patients with metastatic disease. This unfolding success story has been exemplified by a growing arsenal of novel immunotherapeutics, including blocking antibodies targeting immune checkpoint pathways, cancer vaccines, and adoptive cell therapy (ACT). Nonetheless, clinical benefit remains highly variable and patient-specific, in part, because all immunotherapeutic regimens vitally hinge on the capacity of endogenous and/or adoptively transferred T-effector (Teff) cells, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, to home efficiently into tumor target tissue. Thus, defects intrinsic to the multi-step T-cell homing cascade have become an obvious, though significantly underappreciated contributor to immunotherapy resistance. Conspicuous have been low intralesional frequencies of tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes (TILs) below clinically beneficial threshold levels, and peripheral rather than deep lesional TIL infiltration. Therefore, a Teff cell 'homing deficit' may arguably represent a dominant factor responsible for ineffective immunotherapeutic outcomes, as tumors resistant to immune-targeted killing thrive in such permissive, immune-vacuous microenvironments. Fortunately, emerging data is shedding light into the diverse mechanisms of immune escape by which tumors restrict Teff cell trafficking and lesional penetrance. In this review, we scrutinize evolving knowledge on the molecular determinants of Teff cell navigation into tumors. By integrating recently described, though sporadic information of pivotal adhesive and chemokine homing signatures within the tumor microenvironment with better established paradigms of T-cell trafficking under homeostatic or infectious disease scenarios, we seek to refine currently incomplete models of Teff cell entry into tumor tissue. We further summarize how cancers thwart homing to escape immune-mediated destruction and raise awareness of the potential impact of immune checkpoint blockers on Teff cell homing. Finally, we speculate on innovative therapeutic opportunities for augmenting Teff cell homing capabilities to improve immunotherapy-based tumor eradication in cancer patients, with special focus on malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sackstein
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Program of Excellence in Glycosciences, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Rm 671, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tobias Schatton
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven R. Barthel
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Correspondence to: Dr. Steven R. Barthel, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Rm. 673B, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115;
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16
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Dankner M, Gray-Owen SD, Huang YH, Blumberg RS, Beauchemin N. CEACAM1 as a multi-purpose target for cancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1328336. [PMID: 28811966 PMCID: PMC5543821 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1328336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CEACAM1 is an extensively studied cell surface molecule with established functions in multiple cancer types, as well as in various compartments of the immune system. Due to its multi-faceted role as a recently appreciated immune checkpoint inhibitor and tumor marker, CEACAM1 is an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. Herein, we highlight CEACAM1's function in various immune compartments and cancer types, including in the context of metastatic disease. This review outlines CEACAM1's role as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment in light of these properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dankner
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Scott D Gray-Owen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yu-Hwa Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Beauchemin
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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17
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Markel G, Imazio M, Koren-Morag N, Galore-Haskel G, Schachter J, Besser M, Cumetti D, Maestroni S, Altman A, Shoenfeld Y, Brucato A, Adler Y. CEACAM1 and MICA as novel serum biomarkers in patients with acute and recurrent pericarditis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:17885-95. [PMID: 26909604 PMCID: PMC4951257 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immune response plays a significant role in pericarditis, but the mechanisms of disease are poorly defined. Further, efficient monitoring and predictive clinical tools are unavailable. Carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is an immune-inhibitory protein, while MHC class I chain related protein A (MICA) and B (MICB) have an immune-stimulating function. Methods and results Serum CEACAM1, MICA and MICB concentrations were measured by ELISA in ∼50 subjects of each group: acute pericarditis (AP), recurrent pericarditis (RP) and lupus (SLE) patients, metastatic melanoma patients as well as healthy donors. Serum CEACAM1 was dramatically elevated in AP and RP patients, but not in SLE patients, and displayed a highly accurate profile in ROC curve analyses. MICA and MICB were elevated in some pericarditis patients. All markers were enhanced in metastatic melanoma patients irrespective of neoplastic pericardial involvement. Etiology-guided analysis of RP patients showed that very low MICA levels were associated with idiopathic RP, while high MICA was associated with autoimmune and post-operative RP. Importantly, MICA was significantly associated with recurrences, independently of other potentially confounding parameters such as age, time of follow up or treatment modality. Conclusions Here we report for the first time on CEACAM1 as a potentially novel biomarker for pericarditis, as well as on MICA as an innovative prognostic marker in these patients. Determination of the roles of these immune factors, as well as their diagnostic and prognostic values should be determined in future prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Markel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Massimo Imazio
- Cardiology Department, Maria Vittoria Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Nira Koren-Morag
- Department of Epidemiology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gilli Galore-Haskel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Michal Besser
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Arie Altman
- Internal Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Yehuda Adler
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Cardiac Rehabilitation Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Department of Internal Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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18
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Haik J, Nardini G, Goldman N, Galore-Haskel G, Harats M, Zilinsky I, Weissman O, Schachter J, Winkler E, Markel G. Increased serum NKG2D-ligands and downregulation of NKG2D in peripheral blood NK cells of patients with major burns. Oncotarget 2016; 7:2220-8. [PMID: 26745675 PMCID: PMC4823030 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune suppression following major thermal injury directly impacts the recovery potential. Limited data from past reports indicate that natural killer cells might be suppressed due to a putative soluble factor that has remained elusive up to date. Here we comparatively study cohorts of patients with Major and Non-Major Burns as well as healthy donors. MICB and ULBP1 are stress ligands of NKG2D that can be induced by heat stress. Remarkably, serum concentration levels of MICB and ULBP1 are increased by 3-fold and 20-fold, respectively, already within 24h post major thermal injury, and are maintained high for 28 days. In contrast, milder thermal injuries do not similarly enhance the serum levels of MICB and ULBP1. This kinetics coincides with a significant downregulation of NKG2D expression among peripheral blood NK cells. Downregulation of NKG2D by high concentration of soluble MICB occurs in cancer patients and during normal pregnancy due to over production by cancer cells or extravillous trophoblasts, respectively, as an active immune-evasion mechanism. In burn patients this seems an incidental outcome of extensive thermal injury, leading to reduced NKG2D expression. Enhanced susceptibility of these patients to opportunistic viral infections, particularly herpes viruses, could be explained by the reduced NKG2D expression. Further studies are warranted for translation into innovative diagnostic or therapeutic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Haik
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gil Nardini
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noga Goldman
- Department of General Surgery C, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Moti Harats
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Isaac Zilinsky
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Oren Weissman
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eyal Winkler
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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19
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CEACAM1: Expression and Role in Melanocyte Transformation. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:9406319. [PMID: 27642217 PMCID: PMC5013198 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9406319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metastases represent the main cause of death in melanoma patients. Despite the current optimized targeted therapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors the treatment of metastatic melanoma is unsatisfactory. Because of the poor prognosis of advanced melanoma there is an urgent need to identify new biomarkers to differentiate melanoma cells from normal melanocytes, to stratify patients according to their risk, and to identify subgroups of patients that require close follow-up or more aggressive therapy. Furthermore, melanoma progression has been associated with the dysregulation of cell adhesion molecules. We have reviewed the literature and have discussed the important role of the expression of the carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) in the development of melanoma. Thus, novel insights into CEACAM1 may lead to promising strategies in melanoma treatment, in monitoring melanoma patients, in assessing the response to immunotherapy, and in completing the standard immunohistochemical panel used in melanoma examination.
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20
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R, Agnihotri N, Singh AP, Bhatnagar A. Involvement of Regulatory T Cells and Their Cytokines Repertoire in Chemopreventive Action of Fish Oil in Experimental Colon Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1212245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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21
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The human antibody fragment DIATHIS1 specific for CEACAM1 enhances natural killer cell cytotoxicity against melanoma cell lines in vitro. J Immunother 2016; 38:357-70. [PMID: 26448580 PMCID: PMC4605278 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Several lines of evidence show that de novo expression of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is strongly associated with reduced disease-free survival of patients affected by metastatic melanoma. Previously published investigations report that homophilic interactions between CEACAM1 expressed on natural killer (NK) cells and tumors inhibit the NK cell-mediated killing independently of major histocompatibility complex class I recognition. This biological property can be physiologically relevant in metastatic melanoma because of the increased CEACAM1 expression observed on NK cells from some patients. Moreover, this inhibitory mechanism in many cases might hinder the efficacy of immunotherapeutic treatments of CEACAM1+ malignancies because of tumor evasion by activated effector cells. In the present study, we designed an in vitro experimental model showing that the human single-chain variable fragment (scFv) DIATHIS1 specific for CEACAM1 is able to enhance the lytic machinery of NK cells against CEACAM1+ melanoma cells. The coincubation of the scFv DIATHIS1 with CEACAM1+ melanoma cells and NK-92 cell line significantly increases the cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Moreover, pretreatment of melanoma cells with scFv DIATHIS1 promotes the activation and the degranulation capacity of in vitro–expanded NK cells from healthy donors. It is interesting to note that the melanoma cell line MelC and the primary melanoma cells STA that respond better to DIATHIS1 treatment, express higher relative levels of CEACAM1-3L and CEACAM1-3S splice variants isoforms compared with Mel501 cells that are less responsive to DIATHIS1-induced NK cell–mediated cytotoxicity. Taken together, our results suggest that the fully human antibody fragment DIATHIS1 originated by biopanning approach from a phage antibody library may represent a relevant biotechnological platform to design and develop completely human antimelanoma therapeutics of biological origin.
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22
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Ashkenazi S, Ortenberg R, Besser M, Schachter J, Markel G. SOX9 indirectly regulates CEACAM1 expression and immune resistance in melanoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:30166-77. [PMID: 26885752 PMCID: PMC5058672 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As melanoma cells are immunogenic, they instigate an adaptive immune response and production of anti-tumor T-cells. A central factor in this interaction is CEACAM1 (carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1), a transmembrane glycoprotein previously shown in our lab to protect melanoma cells from T cell-mediated killing. In this study, we examine the role of transcription factor SOX9 in the regulation of CEACAM1 expression and immune resistance in melanoma cells. Knockdown of endogenous SOX9 results in CEACAM1 up-regulation, while its overexpression leads to the opposite effect. We show that SOX9 controls CEACAM1 expression at a transcriptional level, but in an indirect manner, as regulation of the CEACAM1 promoter remains intact even when all eight potential SOX9-binding sites are abolished. A series of promoter truncations localizes the SOX9-controlled area to the proximal 200bp of the promoter. Point mutations in putative Sp1 and ETS1 binding sites identify these transcription factors as the primary SOX9-controlled mediators. Co-immunoprecipitation studies show that SOX9 and Sp1 physically interact in melanoma cells, while silencing of SOX9 down-regulates ETS1, but not Sp1, in the same cells. Finally, knockdown of SOX9 indeed renders melanoma cells resistant to T cell-mediated killing, in line with the increased CEACAM1 expression. In conclusion, we show that SOX9 regulates CEACAM1 expression in melanoma cells, and thereby their immune resistance. As CEACAM1 is a pivotal protein in melanoma biology and immune crosstalk, further understanding of its regulation can provide new insights and contribute to the development of novel approaches to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Ashkenazi
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Rona Ortenberg
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Besser
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
- Talpiot Medical Leadership program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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23
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Serum CEACAM1 Elevation Correlates with Melanoma Progression and Failure to Respond to Adoptive Cell Transfer Immunotherapy. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:902137. [PMID: 26688824 PMCID: PMC4673329 DOI: 10.1155/2015/902137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a devastating disease whose incidences are continuously rising. The recently approved antimelanoma therapies carry new hope for metastatic patients for the first time in decades. However, the clinical management of melanoma is severely hampered by the absence of effective screening tools. The expression of the CEACAM1 adhesion molecule on melanoma cells is a strong predictor of poor prognosis. Interestingly, a melanoma-secreted form of CEACAM1 (sCEACAM1) has recently emerged as a potential tumor biomarker. Here we add novel evidences supporting the prognostic role of serum CEACAM1 by using a mice xenograft model of human melanoma and showing a correlation between serum CEACAM1 and tumor burden. Moreover, we demonstrate that serum CEACAM1 is elevated over time in progressive melanoma patients who fail to respond to immunotherapy as opposed to responders and stable disease patients, thus proving a correlation between sCEACAM1, response to treatment, and clinical deterioration.
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24
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Śledzińska A, Menger L, Bergerhoff K, Peggs KS, Quezada SA. Negative immune checkpoints on T lymphocytes and their relevance to cancer immunotherapy. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1936-65. [PMID: 26578451 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The term 'inhibitory checkpoint' refers to the broad spectrum of co-receptors expressed by T cells that negatively regulate T cell activation thus playing a crucial role in maintaining peripheral self-tolerance. Co-inhibitory receptor ligands are highly expressed by a variety of malignancies allowing evasion of anti-tumour immunity. Recent studies demonstrate that manipulation of these co-inhibitory pathways can remove the immunological brakes that impede endogenous immune responses against tumours. Antibodies that block the interactions between co-inhibitory receptors and their ligands have delivered very promising clinical responses, as has been shown by recent successful trials targeting the CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of action and expression pattern of co-inhibitory receptors on different T cells subsets, emphasising differences between CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. We also summarise recent clinical findings utilising immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Śledzińska
- Cancer Immunology Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, UK
| | - Laurie Menger
- Cancer Immunology Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Karl S Peggs
- Cancer Immunology Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, UK.
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25
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Galore-Haskel G, Nemlich Y, Greenberg E, Ashkenazi S, Hakim M, Itzhaki O, Shoshani N, Shapira-Fromer R, Ben-Ami E, Ofek E, Anafi L, Besser MJ, Schachter J, Markel G. A novel immune resistance mechanism of melanoma cells controlled by the ADAR1 enzyme. Oncotarget 2015; 6:28999-9015. [PMID: 26338962 PMCID: PMC4745707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The blossom of immunotherapy in melanoma highlights the need to delineate mechanisms of immune resistance. Recently, we have demonstrated that the RNA editing protein, adenosine deaminase acting on RNA-1 (ADAR1) is down-regulated during metastatic transition of melanoma, which enhances melanoma cell proliferation and tumorigenicity. Here we investigate the role of ADAR1 in melanoma immune resistance.Importantly, knockdown of ADAR1 in human melanoma cells induces resistance to tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in a cell contact-dependent mechanism. We show that ADAR1, in an editing-independent manner, regulates the biogenesis of miR-222 at the transcription level and thereby Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM1) expression, which consequently affects melanoma immune resistance. ADAR1 thus has a novel, pivotal, role in cancer immune resistance. Corroborating with these results, the expression of miR-222 in melanoma tissue specimens was significantly higher in patients who had no clinical benefit from treatment with ipilimumab as compared to patients that responded clinically, suggesting that miR-222 could function as a biomarker for the prediction of response to ipilimumab.These results provide not only novel insights on melanoma immune resistance, but also pave the way to the development of innovative personalized tools to enable optimal drug selection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilli Galore-Haskel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Nemlich
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Eyal Greenberg
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shira Ashkenazi
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Motti Hakim
- cCAM Biotherapeutics, Misgav Industrial Park, Misgav, Israel
| | - Orit Itzhaki
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Noa Shoshani
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | | | - Eytan Ben-Ami
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Efrat Ofek
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Liat Anafi
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Michal J. Besser
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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26
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Ling Y, Wang J, Wang L, Hou J, Qian P, Xiang-dong W. Roles of CEACAM1 in cell communication and signaling of lung cancer and other diseases. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2015; 34:347-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-015-9569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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27
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Ullrich N, Heinemann A, Nilewski E, Scheffrahn I, Klode J, Scherag A, Schadendorf D, Singer BB, Helfrich I. CEACAM1-3S Drives Melanoma Cells into NK Cell-Mediated Cytolysis and Enhances Patient Survival. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1897-907. [PMID: 25744717 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CEACAM1 is a widely expressed multifunctional cell-cell adhesion protein reported to serve as a poor prognosis marker in melanoma patients. In this study, we examine the functional and clinical contributions of the four splice isoforms of CEACAM1. Specifically, we present in vitro and in vivo evidence that they affect melanoma progression and immune surveillance in a negative or positive manner that is isoform specific in action. In contrast with isoforms CEACAM1-4S and CEACAM1-4L, expression of isoforms CEACAM1-3S and CEACAM1-3L is induced during disease progression shown to correlate with clinical stage. Unexpectedly, overall survival was prolonged in patients with advanced melanomas expressing CEACAM1-3S. The favorable effects of CEACAM1-3S related to enhanced immunogenicity, which was mediated by cell surface upregulation of NKG2D receptor ligands, thereby sensitizing melanoma cells to lysis by natural killer cells. Conversely, CEACAM1-4L downregulated cell surface levels of the NKG2D ligands MICA and ULBP2 by enhanced shedding, thereby promoting malignant character. Overall, our results define the splice isoform-specific immunomodulatory and cell biologic functions of CEACAM1 in melanoma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Ullrich
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Heinemann
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena Nilewski
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Inka Scheffrahn
- Institute for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim Klode
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - André Scherag
- Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard B Singer
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Iris Helfrich
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
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28
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ZIPPEL DOUGLAS, BARLEV HANI, ORTENBERG RONA, BARSHACK IRIS, SCHACHTER JACOB, MARKEL GAL. A longitudinal study of CEACAM1 expression in melanoma disease progression. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:1314-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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29
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Ortenberg R, Galore-Haskel G, Greenberg I, Zamlin B, Sapoznik S, Greenberg E, Barshack I, Avivi C, Feiler Y, Zan-Bar I, Besser MJ, Azizi E, Eitan F, Schachter J, Markel G. CEACAM1 promotes melanoma cell growth through Sox-2. Neoplasia 2014; 16:451-60. [PMID: 24931667 PMCID: PMC4198694 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic value of the carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) in melanoma was demonstrated more than a decade ago as superior to Breslow score. We have previously shown that intercellular homophilic CEACAM1 interactions protect melanoma cells from lymphocyte-mediated elimination. Here, we study the direct effects of CEACAM1 on melanoma cell biology. By employing tissue microarrays and low-passage primary cultures of metastatic melanoma, we show that CEACAM1 expression gradually increases from nevi to metastatic specimens, with a strong dominance of the CEACAM1-Long tail splice variant. Using experimental systems of CEACAM1 knockdown and overexpression of selective variants or truncation mutants, we prove that only the full-length long tail variant enhances melanoma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. This effect is not reversed with a CEACAM1-blocking antibody, suggesting that it is not mediated by intercellular homophilic interactions. Downstream, CEACAM1-Long increases the expression of Sox-2, which we show to be responsible for the CEACAM1-mediated enhanced proliferation. Furthermore, analysis of the CEACAM1 promoter reveals two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that significantly enhance the promoter's activity compared with the consensus nucleotides. Importantly, case-control genetic SNP analysis of 134 patients with melanoma and matched healthy donors show that patients with melanoma do not exhibit the Hardy-Weinberg balance and that homozygous SNP genotype enhances the hazard ratio to develop melanoma by 35%. These observations shed new mechanistic light on the role of CEACAM1 in melanoma, forming the basis for development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Ortenberg
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gilli Galore-Haskel
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilanit Greenberg
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Bella Zamlin
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sivan Sapoznik
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Eyal Greenberg
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Barshack
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 526260, Israel
| | - Camila Avivi
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 526260, Israel
| | - Yulia Feiler
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Israel Zan-Bar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal J Besser
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ester Azizi
- Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Friedman Eitan
- The Susanne-Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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30
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Zikich D, Schachter J, Besser MJ. Immunotherapy for the management of advanced melanoma: the next steps. Am J Clin Dermatol 2013; 14:261-72. [PMID: 23516145 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-013-0013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is an immunogenic tumor that can induce a natural immune response. A number of immunotherapy-based approaches have been developed over the past decades, and certain degrees of effectiveness were achieved by the use of cytokines, adoptive cell transfer and T-cell immune modulators. Currently, interleukin-2 and the immune stimulatory antibody, ipilimumab, are the only two approved immunotherapies for metastatic melanoma, but various new therapies are in promising developmental stages. This comprehensive review will discuss the latest achievements of immunotherapy and emerging directions for the management of advanced melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragoslav Zikich
- Ella Institute for Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, 52621 Ramat-Gan, Israel
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31
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Hosomi S, Chen Z, Baker K, Chen L, Huang YH, Olszak T, Zeissig S, Wang JH, Mandelboim O, Beauchemin N, Lanier LL, Blumberg RS. CEACAM1 on activated NK cells inhibits NKG2D-mediated cytolytic function and signaling. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:2473-83. [PMID: 23696226 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is expressed on activated natural killer (NK) cells wherein it inhibits lysis of CEACAM1-bearing tumor cell lines. The mechanism for this is unknown. Here, we show that interleukin-2-induced expression of CEACAM1 on both mouse and primary human NK cells impairs the ability of NK gene complex group 2 member D (NKG2D) to stimulate cytolysis of CEACAM1-bearing cells. This process requires the expression of CEACAM1 on the NK cells and on the tumor cells, which is consistent with the involvement of trans-homophilic interactions between CEACAM1. Mechanistically, co-engagement of NKG2D and CEACAM1 results in a biochemical association between these two surface receptors and the recruitment of Src homology phosphatase 1 by CEACAM1 that leads to dephosphorylation of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav1 and blockade of downstream signaling that is associated with the initiation of cytolysis. Thus, CEACAM1 on activated NK cells functions as an inhibitory receptor for NKG2D-mediated cytolysis, which has important implications for understanding the means by which CEACAM1 expression adversely affects tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Hosomi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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32
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Sapoznik S, Ortenberg R, Galore-Haskel G, Kozlovski S, Levy D, Avivi C, Barshack I, Cohen CJ, Besser MJ, Schachter J, Markel G. CXCR1 as a novel target for directing reactive T cells toward melanoma: implications for adoptive cell transfer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:1833-47. [PMID: 22441657 PMCID: PMC11028868 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1245-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive cell transfer therapy with reactive T cells is one of the most promising immunotherapeutic modalities for metastatic melanoma patients. Homing of the transferred T cells to all tumor sites in sufficient numbers is of great importance. Here, we seek to exploit endogenous chemotactic signals in order to manipulate and enhance the directional trafficking of transferred T cells toward melanoma. Chemokine profiling of 15 melanoma cultures shows that CXCL1 and CXCL8 are abundantly expressed and secreted from melanoma cultures. However, the complimentary analysis on 40 melanoma patient-derived tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) proves that the corresponding chemokine receptors are either not expressed (CXCR2) or expressed at low levels (CXCR1). Using the in vitro transwell system, we demonstrate that TIL cells preferentially migrate toward melanoma and that endogenously expressing CXCR1 TIL cells are significantly enriched among the migrating lymphocytes. The role of the chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL8 is demonstrated by partial abrogation of this enrichment with anti-CXCL1 and anti-CXCL8 neutralizing antibodies. The role of the chemokine receptor CXCR1 is validated by the enhanced migration of CXCR1-engineered TIL cells toward melanoma or recombinant CXCL8. Cytotoxicity and IFNγ secretion activity are unaltered by CXCR1 expression profile. Taken together, these results mark CXCR1 as a candidate for genetic manipulations to enhance trafficking of adoptively transferred T cells. This approach is complimentary and potentially synergistic with other genetic strategies designed to enhance anti-tumor potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Sapoznik
- The Ella Institute for Melanoma Research and Treatment, Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621 Ramat Gan, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Rona Ortenberg
- The Ella Institute for Melanoma Research and Treatment, Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621 Ramat Gan, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gilli Galore-Haskel
- The Ella Institute for Melanoma Research and Treatment, Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621 Ramat Gan, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Stav Kozlovski
- The Ella Institute for Melanoma Research and Treatment, Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621 Ramat Gan, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daphna Levy
- The Ella Institute for Melanoma Research and Treatment, Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621 Ramat Gan, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Camila Avivi
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Iris Barshack
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Pathology Department, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Cyrille J. Cohen
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal J. Besser
- The Ella Institute for Melanoma Research and Treatment, Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621 Ramat Gan, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- The Ella Institute for Melanoma Research and Treatment, Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621 Ramat Gan, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- The Ella Institute for Melanoma Research and Treatment, Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621 Ramat Gan, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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33
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Lehman HK, Simpson-Abelson MR, Conway TF, Kelleher RJ, Bernstein JM, Bankert RB. Memory T cells in the chronic inflammatory microenvironment of nasal polyposis are hyporesponsive to signaling through the T cell receptor. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2012; 13:423-35. [PMID: 22310933 PMCID: PMC3346897 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-012-0313-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A majority of T cells from chronic inflammatory tissues derived from patients with nasal polyposis were found to express an effector memory phenotype. We report here that these memory T cells failed to activate NF-κB in response to TCR stimulation but responded normally when the proximal TCR signaling molecules were bypassed with PMA and ionomycin. The dysfunction of these cells was associated with a decrease in the phosphorylation of several TCR proximal signaling molecules including ZAP70, Lck and SLP-76. In addition to the disruption in the TCR signaling pathway, the nasal polyp-associated T cells were shown to have a defect in their ability to translocate LAMP-1 to the cell surface. The results presented here establish that the phenotype and anergy of the T cells in the nasal polyp are similar to those which is seen in memory T cells derived from human tumors and other sites of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather K. Lehman
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 239 Bryant St., 2nd Floor, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA
| | - Michelle R. Simpson-Abelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo School at Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 138 Farber Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, S708 BST South, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Thomas F. Conway
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo School at Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 138 Farber Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
| | - Raymond J. Kelleher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo School at Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 138 Farber Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
| | - Joel M. Bernstein
- Department of Otolaryngology, University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
| | - Richard B. Bankert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo School at Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 138 Farber Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
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34
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Novel anti-melanoma immunotherapies: disarming tumor escape mechanisms. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:818214. [PMID: 22778766 PMCID: PMC3386565 DOI: 10.1155/2012/818214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The immune system fights cancer and sometimes temporarily eliminates it or reaches an equilibrium stage of tumor growth. However, continuous immunological pressure also selects poorly immunogenic tumor variants that eventually escape the immune control system. Here, we focus on metastatic melanoma, a highly immunogenic tumor, and on anti-melanoma immunotherapies, which recently, especially following the FDA approval of Ipilimumab, gained interest from drug development companies. We describe new immunomodulatory approaches currently in the development pipeline, focus on the novel CEACAM1 immune checkpoint, and compare its potential to the extensively described targets, CTLA4 and PD1. This paper combines multi-disciplinary approaches and describes anti-melanoma immunotherapies from molecular, medical, and business angles.
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35
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Ortenberg R, Sapir Y, Raz L, Hershkovitz L, Ben Arav A, Sapoznik S, Barshack I, Avivi C, Berkun Y, Besser MJ, Ben-Moshe T, Schachter J, Markel G. Novel immunotherapy for malignant melanoma with a monoclonal antibody that blocks CEACAM1 homophilic interactions. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:1300-10. [PMID: 22466331 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CEACAM1 (biliary glycoprotein-1, CD66a) was reported as a strong clinical predictor of poor prognosis in melanoma. We have previously identified CEACAM1 as a tumor escape mechanism from cytotoxic lymphocytes. Here, we present substantial evidence in vitro and in vivo that blocking of CEACAM1 function with a novel monoclonal antibody (MRG1) is a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. MRG1, a murine IgG1 monoclonal antibody, was raised against human CEACAM1. It recognizes the CEACAM1-specific N-domain with high affinity (K(D) ~ 2 nmol/L). Furthermore, MRG1 is a potent inhibitor of CEACAM1 homophilic binding and does not induce any agonistic effect. We show using cytotoxicity assays that MRG1 renders multiple melanoma cell lines more vulnerable to T cells in a dose-dependent manner, only following antigen-restricted recognition. Accordingly, MRG1 significantly enhances the antitumor effect of adoptively transferred, melanoma-reactive human lymphocytes using human melanoma xenograft models in severe combined immunodeficient/nonobese diabetic (SCID/NOD) mice. A significant antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity response was excluded. It is shown that MRG1 reaches the tumor and is cleared within a week. Importantly, approximately 90% of melanoma specimens are CEACAM1(+), implying that the majority of patients with melanoma could be amenable to MRG1-based therapy. Normal human tissue microarray displays limited binding to luminal epithelial cells on some secretory ducts, which was weaker than the broad normal cell binding of other anticancer antibodies in clinical use. Importantly, MRG1 does not directly affect CEACAM1(+) cells. CEACAM1 blockade is different from other immunomodulatory approaches, as MRG1 targets inhibitory interactions between tumor cells and late effector lymphocytes, which is thus a more specific and compartmentalized immune stimulation with potentially superior safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Ortenberg
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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36
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Serum CEACAM1 Correlates with Disease Progression and Survival in Malignant Melanoma Patients. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:290536. [PMID: 22291846 PMCID: PMC3265158 DOI: 10.1155/2012/290536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The search for melanoma biomarkers is crucial, as the incidence of melanoma continues to rise. We have previously demonstrated that serum CEACAM1 (sCEACAM1) is secreted from melanoma cells and correlates with disease progression in metastatic melanoma patients. Here, we have used a different cohort of melanoma patients with regional or metastatic disease (N = 49), treated with autologous vaccination. By monitoring sCEACAM1 in serum samples obtained prior to and after vaccination, we show that sCEACAM1 correlates with disease state, overall survival, and S100B. The trend of change in sCEACAM1 following vaccination (increase/decrease) inversely correlates with overall survival. DTH skin test is used to evaluate patients' anti-melanoma immune response and to predict response to vaccination. Importantly, sCEACAM1 had a stronger prognostic value than that of DTH, and when sCEACAM1 decreased following treatment, this was the dominant predictor of increased survival. Collectively, our results point out the relevance of sCEACAM1 in monitoring melanoma patients.
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37
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Wieërs G, Demotte N, Godelaine D, van der Bruggen P. Immune suppression in tumors as a surmountable obstacle to clinical efficacy of cancer vaccines. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:2904-54. [PMID: 24212939 PMCID: PMC3759179 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3032904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human tumors are usually not spontaneously eliminated by the immune system and therapeutic vaccination of cancer patients with defined antigens is followed by tumor regressions only in a small minority of the patients. The poor vaccination effectiveness could be explained by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Because T cells that infiltrate tumor metastases have an impaired ability to lyse target cells or to secrete cytokine, many researchers are trying to decipher the underlying immunosuppressive mechanisms. We will review these here, in particular those considered as potential therapeutic targets. A special attention will be given to galectins, a family of carbohydrate binding proteins. These lectins have often been implicated in inflammation and cancer and may be useful targets for the development of new anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Wieërs
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Université catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, 74 av. Hippocrate, P.O. Box B1-7403, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; E-Mails: (G.W.); (N.D.); (D.G.)
| | - Nathalie Demotte
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Université catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, 74 av. Hippocrate, P.O. Box B1-7403, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; E-Mails: (G.W.); (N.D.); (D.G.)
| | - Danièle Godelaine
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Université catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, 74 av. Hippocrate, P.O. Box B1-7403, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; E-Mails: (G.W.); (N.D.); (D.G.)
| | - Pierre van der Bruggen
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Université catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, 74 av. Hippocrate, P.O. Box B1-7403, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; E-Mails: (G.W.); (N.D.); (D.G.)
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Nagai H, Oniki S, Fujiwara S, Yoshimoto T, Nishigori C. Antimelanoma immunotherapy: clinical and preclinical applications of IL-12 family members. Immunotherapy 2011; 2:697-709. [PMID: 20874653 DOI: 10.2217/imt.10.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma has been considered a prototypical 'immunogenic' tumor through clinical observations, such as the spontaneous regression of primary lesions, their higher incidence in immune-suppressed individuals, and the development of vitiligo after immunotherapy. Among many cytokines, IL-12 is one of the best characterized and the most potent anti-tumor cytokines. Although the systemic application of IL-12 resulted in disappointing results owing to its considerable toxicity, IL-12 is not entirely unusable in the clinical setting. IL-12-related cytokines, IL-23 and IL-27, have also been shown to possess anti-tumor activities in preclinical models. Although belonging to the same cytokine family, IL-12, IL-23 and IL-27 were found to have different anti-tumor mechanisms, adjuvant activity for tumor vaccines and adverse effects in a poorly immunogeneic melanoma model. In addition, their novel activities on melanoma have been clarified. We briefly review the key features of these members of the IL-12 cytokine family and discuss their potential relevance to melanoma immunity and antimelanoma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nagai
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
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Markel G, Ortenberg R, Seidman R, Sapoznik S, Koren-Morag N, Besser MJ, Bar J, Shapira R, Kubi A, Nardini G, Tessone A, Treves AJ, Winkler E, Orenstein A, Schachter J. Systemic dysregulation of CEACAM1 in melanoma patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:215-30. [PMID: 19633846 PMCID: PMC11030926 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-009-0740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
It was previously shown that CEACAM1 on melanoma cells strongly predicts poor outcome. Here, we show a statistically significant increase of serum CEACAM1 in 64 active melanoma patients, as compared to 48 patients with no evidence of disease and 37 healthy donors. Among active patients, higher serum CEACAM1 correlated with LDH values and with decreased survival. Multivariate analysis with neutralization of LDH showed that increased serum CEACAM1 carries a hazard ratio of 2.40. In vitro, soluble CEACAM1 was derived from CEACAM1(+), but neither from CEACAM1(-) melanoma cells nor from CEACAM1(+) lymphocytes, and directly correlated with the number of CEACAM1(+) melanoma cells. Production of soluble CEACAM1 depended on intact de novo protein synthesis and secretion machineries, but not on metalloproteinase function. An unusually high percentage of CEACAM1(+) circulating NK and T lymphocytes was demonstrated in melanoma patients. CEACAM1 inhibited killing activity in functional assays. CEACAM1 expression could not be induced on lymphocytes by serum from patients with high CEACAM1 expression. Further, expression of other NK receptors was impaired, which collectively indicate on a general abnormality. In conclusion, the systemic dysregulation of CEACAM1 in melanoma patients further denotes the role of CEACAM1 in melanoma and may provide a basis for new tumor monitoring and prognostic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Markel
- The Ella Institute for Melanoma Research and Treatment, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, 52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel.
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40
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Gambichler T, Grothe S, Rotterdam S, Altmeyer P, Kreuter A. Protein expression of carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecules in benign and malignant melanocytic skin lesions. Am J Clin Pathol 2009; 131:782-7. [PMID: 19461083 DOI: 10.1309/ajcp24kxjvbzxens] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of cell adhesion molecules is associated with progression of malignant melanoma. Immunohistologic study of benign nevi (BN), dysplastic nevi (DN), and primary superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) was performed for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CEA cell adhesion molecule-1 (CEACAM1) using monoclonal antibodies. We investigated BN (n = 42), DN (n = 22), thin SSM (n = 21), and thick SSM (n = 21). CEA expression in melanomas and DN was significantly increased compared with BN. CEA expression in thick SSM was significantly higher than in DN. Compared with BN, expression of CEACAM1 in melanomas was significantly increased. CEACAM1 expression in thick SSM was significantly increased compared with DN and thin SSM. Our data support the findings of previous studies indicating that cell adhesion molecules of the CEA family may have a role in the development and progression of cutaneous melanoma and potentially serve as prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Gambichler
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sarah Grothe
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rotterdam
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Peter Altmeyer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexander Kreuter
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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41
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Markel G, Seidman R, Besser MJ, Zabari N, Ortenberg R, Shapira R, Treves AJ, Loewenthal R, Orenstein A, Nagler A, Schachter J. Natural killer lysis receptor (NKLR)/NKLR-ligand matching as a novel approach for enhancing anti-tumor activity of allogeneic NK cells. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5597. [PMID: 19440333 PMCID: PMC2680030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background NK cells are key players in anti tumor immune response, which can be employed in cell-based therapeutic modalities. One of the suggested ways to amplify their anti tumor effect, especially in the field of stem cell transplantation, is by selecting donor/recipient mismatches in specific HLA, to reduce the inhibitory effect of killer Ig-like receptors (KIRs). Here we suggest an alternative approach for augmentation of anti tumor effect of allogeneic NK cells, which is founded on profile matching of donor NK lysis receptors (NKLR) phenotype with tumor lysis-ligands. Methodology/Principal Findings We show that an NKLR-mediated killing directly correlates with the NKLR expression intensity on NK cells. Considerable donor variability in the expression of CD16, NKp46, NKG2D and NKp30 on circulating NK cells, combined with the stability of phenotype in several independently performed tests over two months, indicates that NKLR-guided selection of donors is feasible. As a proof of concept, we show that melanoma cells are dominantly recognized by three NKLRs: NKG2D, NKp30 and NKp44. Notably, the expression of NKp30 on circulating NK cells among metastatic melanoma patients was significantly decreased, which diminishes their ability to kill melanoma cells. Ex vivo expansion of NK cells results not only in increased amount of cells but also in a consistently superior and predictable expression of NKG2D, NKp30 and NKp44. Moreover, expanded NK cultures with high expression of NKG2D or NKp30 were mostly derived from the corresponding NKG2Dhigh or NK30high donors. These NK cultures subsequently displayed an improved cytotoxic activity against melanoma in a HLA/KIR-ligand mismatched setup, which was NKLR-dependent, as demonstrated with blocking anti-NKG2D antibodies. Conclusions/Significance NKLR/NKLR-ligand matching reproducibly elicits enhanced NK anti-tumor response. Common NKLR recognition patterns of tumors, as demonstrated here in melanoma, would allow implementation of this approach in solid malignancies and potentially in hematological malignancies, either independently or in adjunction to other modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Markel
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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Markel G, Seidman R, Cohen Y, Besser MJ, Sinai TC, Treves AJ, Orenstein A, Berger R, Schachter J. Dynamic expression of protective CEACAM1 on melanoma cells during specific immune attack. Immunology 2008; 126:186-200. [PMID: 18557789 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02888.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient immune response against tumours depends on a well-orchestrated function of integrated components, but is finally exerted by effector tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). We have previously reported that homophilic CEACAM1 interactions inhibit the specific killing and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) release activities of natural killer cells and TIL. In this study a model for the investigation of melanoma cells surviving long coincubation with antigen-specific TIL is reported. It is demonstrated that the surviving melanoma cells increase their surface CEACAM1 expression, which in turn confers enhanced resistance against fresh TIL. Furthermore, it is shown that this is an active process, driven by specific immune recognition and is at least partially mediated by lymphocyte-derived IFN-gamma. Similar results were observed with antigen-restricted TIL, either autologous or allogeneic, as well as with natural killer cells. The enhanced CEACAM1 expression depends, however, on the presence of IFN-gamma and sharply drops within 48 hr. This may be a mechanism that allows tumour cells to transiently develop a more resistant phenotype upon recognition by specific lymphocytes. Therefore, this work substantiates the melanoma-promoting role of CEACAM1 and marks it as an attractive target for novel immunotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Markel
- The Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Cancer Research Centre, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
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Chen Z, Chen L, Qiao SW, Nagaishi T, Blumberg RS. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 inhibits proximal TCR signaling by targeting ZAP-70. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:6085-93. [PMID: 18424730 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.9.6085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The long cytoplasmic tail (CT) isoforms of carcinoembryonic Ag-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) are expressed on activated human T cells and possess two ITIM motifs in the CT. These isoforms of CEACAM1 are inhibitory for T cell responses initiated by the TCR/CD3 complex with the inhibition dependent upon the ITIMs of CEACAM1 and Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 (SHP-1). However, the mechanism by which this inhibition occurs in T cells is unknown. We demonstrate here that the Src family kinase, Lck, and the ability of CEACAM1 to bind homophilically are required for the ITIM phosphorylation of CEACAM1 that is a prerequisite for CEACAM1 association with SHP-1. We further show that CEACAM1 associates with and recruits SHP-1 to the TCR/CD3 complex leading to decreased phosphorylation of CD3-zeta and ZAP-70 and consequently decreased activation of the elements downstream of ZAP-70. This is physiologically relevant because extinction of SHP-1 expression or blockade of homophilic binding by CEACAM1 using a Fab that specifically recognizes the homophilic binding region of human CEACAM1 increases the cytolytic function initiated by the TCR/CD3 complex. These studies show that long CT isoforms of CEACAM1 orchestrate an inhibitory program that abrogates extremely proximal events downstream of the TCR/CD3 complex by focusing on the activation of ZAP-70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangguo Chen
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Thirion G, Feliu AA, Coutelier JP. CD66a (CEACAM1) expression by mouse natural killer cells. Immunology 2008; 125:535-40. [PMID: 18492055 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02867.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CD66a (CEACAM1), an adhesion molecule that has regulatory function on T lymphocytes, was found to be expressed on a minority of mouse natural killer (NK) cells, especially in the liver. CD66a expression on NK cells depended on their differentiation stage, with highest levels on immature CD49b(-)NK cells. Expression of CD66a on NK cells was strongly enhanced by in vitro activation with interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-18. However, in vivo NK cell stimulation by infection with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus did not lead to strong CD66a expression, even on activated interferon--gamma-producing NK cells. These results indicate that CD66a expression is differently regulated, depending on the NK cell activation pathway, which may lead to distinct regulatory mechanisms of the functional subpopulations of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Thirion
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, Christian de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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