1
|
Characterisation of dendritic cell frequency and phenotype in bovine afferent lymph reveals kinetic changes in costimulatory molecule expression. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 243:110363. [PMID: 34861459 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The bovine afferent lymphatic cannulation model allows collection of large volumes of afferent lymph and provides an opportunity to study lymphatic cells trafficking from the periphery directly ex-vivo. The technique requires surgical intervention, but influence of the procedure or time post-surgery on cells trafficking in the lymph has not been well documented. Here, we measured the volume of lymph and number of cells/mL collected daily over a two week time-course. Animal to animal variability was demonstrated but no consistent changes in lymph volume or cell density were observed in relation to time post-cannulation. Cell populations (dendritic cells, αβ T-cells, γδ T-cells and NK cells) were analysed by flow cytometry at 1, 3 and 10 days post-cannulation (DPC) and a reduced percentage of γδ T-cells in afferent lymph was observed at 1 DPC. In addition, cell surface molecule expression by afferent lymphatic dendritic cells (ALDC) was assessed due to the key role of these cells in initiating an adaptive immune response. Co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 were upregulated by CD172a+ve ALDC early in the time-course, suggesting that the cannulation procedure and duration of experiment may impact the activation state of DCs in the naïve host. This should be considered when analysing the response of these cells to vaccines or pathogens.
Collapse
|
2
|
Dendritic cell migration in inflammation and immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:2461-2471. [PMID: 34302064 PMCID: PMC8298985 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the key link between innate immunity and adaptive immunity and play crucial roles in both the promotion of immune defense and the maintenance of immune tolerance. The trafficking of distinct DC subsets across lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues is essential for DC-dependent activation and regulation of inflammation and immunity. DC chemotaxis and migration are triggered by interactions between chemokines and their receptors and regulated by multiple intracellular mechanisms, such as protein modification, epigenetic reprogramming, metabolic remodeling, and cytoskeletal rearrangement, in a tissue-specific manner. Dysregulation of DC migration may lead to abnormal positioning or activation of DCs, resulting in an imbalance of immune responses and even immune pathologies, including autoimmune responses, infectious diseases, allergic diseases and tumors. New strategies targeting the migration of distinct DC subsets are being explored for the treatment of inflammatory and infectious diseases and the development of novel DC-based vaccines. In this review, we will discuss the migratory routes and immunological consequences of distinct DC subsets, the molecular basis and regulatory mechanisms of migratory signaling in DCs, and the association of DC migration with the pathogenesis of autoimmune and infectious diseases.
Collapse
|
3
|
Saminathan M, Singh KP, Khorajiya JH, Dinesh M, Vineetha S, Maity M, Rahman AF, Misri J, Malik YS, Gupta VK, Singh RK, Dhama K. An updated review on bluetongue virus: epidemiology, pathobiology, and advances in diagnosis and control with special reference to India. Vet Q 2021; 40:258-321. [PMID: 33003985 PMCID: PMC7655031 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2020.1831708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue (BT) is an economically important, non-contagious viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants. BT is caused by BT virus (BTV) and it belongs to the genus Orbivirus and family Reoviridae. BTV is transmitted by Culicoides midges and causes clinical disease in sheep, white-tailed deer, pronghorn antelope, bighorn sheep, and subclinical manifestation in cattle, goats and camelids. BT is a World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) listed multispecies disease and causes great socio-economic losses. To date, 28 serotypes of BTV have been reported worldwide and 23 serotypes have been reported from India. Transplacental transmission (TPT) and fetal abnormalities in ruminants had been reported with cell culture adopted live-attenuated vaccine strains of BTV. However, emergence of BTV-8 in Europe during 2006, confirmed TPT of wild-type/field strains of BTV. Diagnosis of BT is more important for control of disease and to ensure BTV-free trade of animals and their products. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, agar gel immunodiffusion assay and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are found to be sensitive and OIE recommended tests for diagnosis of BTV for international trade. Control measures include mass vaccination (most effective method), serological and entomological surveillance, forming restriction zones and sentinel programs. Major hindrances with control of BT in India are the presence of multiple BTV serotypes, high density of ruminant and vector populations. A pentavalent inactivated, adjuvanted vaccine is administered currently in India to control BT. Recombinant vaccines with DIVA strategies are urgently needed to combat this disease. This review is the first to summarise the seroprevalence of BTV in India for 40 years, economic impact and pathobiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mani Saminathan
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Murali Dinesh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sobharani Vineetha
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhulina Maity
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - At Faslu Rahman
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jyoti Misri
- Animal Science Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- Director, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zanna MY, Yasmin AR, Omar AR, Arshad SS, Mariatulqabtiah AR, Nur-Fazila SH, Mahiza MIN. Review of Dendritic Cells, Their Role in Clinical Immunology, and Distribution in Various Animal Species. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158044. [PMID: 34360810 PMCID: PMC8348663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are cells derived from the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) of the bone marrow and form a widely distributed cellular system throughout the body. They are the most efficient, potent, and professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) of the immune system, inducing and dispersing a primary immune response by the activation of naïve T-cells, and playing an important role in the induction and maintenance of immune tolerance under homeostatic conditions. Thus, this review has elucidated the general aspects of DCs as well as the current dynamic perspectives and distribution of DCs in humans and in various species of animals that includes mouse, rat, birds, dog, cat, horse, cattle, sheep, pig, and non-human primates. Besides the role that DCs play in immune response, they also play a pathogenic role in many diseases, thus becoming a target in disease prevention and treatment. In addition, its roles in clinical immunology have also been addressed, which include its involvement in transplantation, autoimmune disease, viral infections, cancer, and as a vaccine target. Therefore, based on the current knowledge and understanding of the important roles they play, DCs can be used in the future as a powerful tool for manipulating the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Yusuf Zanna
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Abd Rahaman Yasmin
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.R.O.); (A.R.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-8609-3473 or +601-7353-7341
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.R.O.); (A.R.M.)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.S.A.); (S.H.N.-F.); (M.I.N.M.)
| | - Siti Suri Arshad
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.S.A.); (S.H.N.-F.); (M.I.N.M.)
| | - Abdul Razak Mariatulqabtiah
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.R.O.); (A.R.M.)
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Saulol Hamid Nur-Fazila
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.S.A.); (S.H.N.-F.); (M.I.N.M.)
| | - Md Isa Nur Mahiza
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.S.A.); (S.H.N.-F.); (M.I.N.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jamali A, Kenyon B, Ortiz G, Abou-Slaybi A, Sendra VG, Harris DL, Hamrah P. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the eye. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 80:100877. [PMID: 32717378 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique subpopulation of immune cells, distinct from classical dendritic cells. pDCs are generated in the bone marrow and following development, they typically home to secondary lymphoid tissues. While peripheral tissues are generally devoid of pDCs during steady state, few tissues, including the lung, kidney, vagina, and in particular ocular tissues harbor resident pDCs. pDCs were originally appreciated for their potential to produce large quantities of type I interferons in viral immunity. Subsequent studies have now unraveled their pivotal role in mediating immune responses, in particular in the induction of tolerance. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on pDCs in ocular tissues in both mice and humans, in particular in the cornea, limbus, conjunctiva, choroid, retina, and lacrimal gland. Further, we will review our current understanding on the significance of pDCs in ameliorating inflammatory responses during herpes simplex virus keratitis, sterile inflammation, and corneal transplantation. Moreover, we describe their novel and pivotal neuroprotective role, their key function in preserving corneal angiogenic privilege, as well as their potential application as a cell-based therapy for ocular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arsia Jamali
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brendan Kenyon
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gustavo Ortiz
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abdo Abou-Slaybi
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victor G Sendra
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deshea L Harris
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pedram Hamrah
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Cornea Service, Tufts New England Eye Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jamali A, Harris DL, Blanco T, Lopez MJ, Hamrah P. Resident plasmacytoid dendritic cells patrol vessels in the naïve limbus and conjunctiva. Ocul Surf 2020; 18:277-285. [PMID: 32109562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) constitute a unique population of bone marrow-derived cells that play a pivotal role in linking innate and adaptive immune responses. While peripheral tissues are typically devoid of pDCs during steady state, few tissues do host resident pDCs. In the current study, we aim to assess presence and distribution of pDCs in naïve murine limbus and bulbar conjunctiva. Immunofluorescence staining followed by confocal microscopy revealed that the naïve bulbar conjunctiva of wild-type mice hosts CD45+ CD11clow PDCA-1+ pDCs. Flow cytometry confirmed the presence of resident pDCs in the bulbar conjunctiva through multiple additional markers, and showed that they express maturation markers, the T cell co-inhibitory molecules PD-L1 and B7-H3, and minor to negligible levels of T cell co-stimulatory molecules CD40, CD86, and ICAM-1. Epi-fluorescent microscopy of DPE-GFP×RAG1-/- transgenic mice with GFP-tagged pDCs indicated lower density of pDCs in the bulbar conjunctiva compared to the limbus. Further, intravital multiphoton microscopy revealed that resident pDCs accompany the limbal vessels and patrol the intravascular space. In vitro multiphoton microscopy showed that pDCs are attracted to human umbilical vein endothelial cells and interact with them during tube formation. In conclusion, our study shows that the limbus and bulbar conjunctiva are endowed with resident pDCs during steady state, which express maturation and classic T cell co-inhibitory molecules, engulf limbal vessels, and patrol intravascular spaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arsia Jamali
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deshea L Harris
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomas Blanco
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria J Lopez
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pedram Hamrah
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Immunology, School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Cornea Service, Tufts New England Eye Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hampton HR, Chtanova T. Lymphatic Migration of Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1168. [PMID: 31191539 PMCID: PMC6546724 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels collect interstitial fluid that has extravasated from blood vessels and return it to the circulatory system. Another important function of the lymphatic network is to facilitate immune cell migration and antigen transport from the periphery to draining lymph nodes. This migration plays a crucial role in immune surveillance, initiation of immune responses and tolerance. Here we discuss the significance and mechanisms of lymphatic migration of innate and adaptive immune cells in homeostasis, inflammation and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatyana Chtanova
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guzman E, Montoya M. Contributions of Farm Animals to Immunology. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:307. [PMID: 30574508 PMCID: PMC6292178 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
By their very nature, great advances in immunology are usually underpinned by experiments carried out in animal models and inbred lines of mice. Also, their corresponding knock-out or knock-in derivatives have been the most commonly used animal systems in immunological studies. With much credit to their usefulness, laboratory mice will never provide all the answers to fully understand immunological processes. Large animal models offer unique biological and experimental advantages that have been and continue to be of great value to the understanding of biological and immunological processes. From the identification of B cells to the realization that γδ T cells can function as professional antigen presenting cells, farm animals have contributed significantly to a better understanding of immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Montoya
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CIB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ziegler A, Marti E, Summerfield A, Baumann A. Identification and characterization of equine blood plasmacytoid dendritic cells. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 65:352-357. [PMID: 27524460 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are antigen-presenting cells that can be classified into three major cell subsets: conventional DC1 (cDC1), cDC2 and plasmacytoid DCs (pDC), none of which have been identified in horses. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify and characterize DC subsets in equine peripheral blood, emphasizing on pDC. Surface marker analysis allowed distinction of putative DC subsets, according to their differential expression of CADM-1 and MHC class II. Equine pDC were found to be Flt3(+) CD4(low) CD13(-) CD14(-) CD172a(-) CADM-1(-) MHCII(low). The weak expression of CD4 on equine pDC contrasts with findings in several other mammals. Furthermore, pDC purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting were found to be the only cell subset able to produce large amounts of IFN-α upon TLR9-agonist stimulation. The pDC identity was confirmed by demonstrating high-levels of PLAC8, RUNX2 and TCF4 expression, showing pDC-restricted expression in other mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Ziegler
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eliane Marti
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 124, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Artur Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Sensemattstrasse 293, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology (DIP), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Baumann
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology (DIP), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Worbs T, Hammerschmidt SI, Förster R. Dendritic cell migration in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2016; 17:30-48. [PMID: 27890914 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2016.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 511] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent and versatile antigen-presenting cells, and their ability to migrate is key for the initiation of protective pro-inflammatory as well as tolerogenic immune responses. Recent comprehensive studies have highlighted the importance of DC migration in the maintenance of immune surveillance and tissue homeostasis, and also in the pathogenesis of a range of diseases. In this Review, we summarize the anatomical, cellular and molecular factors that regulate the migration of different DC subsets in health and disease. In particular, we focus on new insights concerning the role of migratory DCs in the pathogenesis of diseases of the skin, intestine, lung, and brain, as well as in autoimmunity and atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Worbs
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Swantje I Hammerschmidt
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kohli K, Janssen A, Förster R. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells induce tolerance predominantly by cargoing antigen to lymph nodes. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:2659-2668. [PMID: 27592607 PMCID: PMC5129535 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) have been shown to induce tolerance to innocuous antigens. Their migratory properties allow them to take up antigens from the periphery and transport them to the draining lymph nodes or to the thymus. However, pDC‐T‐cell interaction in the primary and secondary lymphoid organs still remains poorly defined. In this study, we show that resting pDCs loaded with exogenous antigen could induce tolerance when transferred intralymphatically into a single lymph node of wild‐type C57BL/6 mice. However, this was a result of antigen transfer from pDCs to endogenous antigen presenting cells and subsequent abortive proliferation of cognate CD4+ T cells. pDCs could not directly induce the proliferation of CD4+ T cells, as observed in mice lacking MHC class II gene. Moreover, pDCs failed to make physical contacts with OT‐II cells as revealed by two‐photon imaging. Thus, the role of resting pDCs in tolerance induction seems to be independent of its direct interaction with cognate CD4+ T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karan Kohli
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anika Janssen
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vu Manh TP, Elhmouzi-Younes J, Urien C, Ruscanu S, Jouneau L, Bourge M, Moroldo M, Foucras G, Salmon H, Marty H, Quéré P, Bertho N, Boudinot P, Dalod M, Schwartz-Cornil I. Defining Mononuclear Phagocyte Subset Homology Across Several Distant Warm-Blooded Vertebrates Through Comparative Transcriptomics. Front Immunol 2015; 6:299. [PMID: 26150816 PMCID: PMC4473062 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes are organized in a complex system of ontogenetically and functionally distinct subsets, that has been best described in mouse and to some extent in human. Identification of homologous mononuclear phagocyte subsets in other vertebrate species of biomedical, economic, and environmental interest is needed to improve our knowledge in physiologic and physio-pathologic processes, and to design intervention strategies against a variety of diseases, including zoonotic infections. We developed a streamlined approach combining refined cell sorting and integrated comparative transcriptomics analyses which revealed conservation of the mononuclear phagocyte organization across human, mouse, sheep, pigs and, in some respect, chicken. This strategy should help democratizing the use of omics analyses for the identification and study of cell types across tissues and species. Moreover, we identified conserved gene signatures that enable robust identification and universal definition of these cell types. We identified new evolutionarily conserved gene candidates and gene interaction networks for the molecular regulation of the development or functions of these cell types, as well as conserved surface candidates for refined subset phenotyping throughout species. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that orthologous genes of the conserved signatures exist in teleost fishes and apparently not in Lamprey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thien-Phong Vu Manh
- UM2, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université , Marseille , France ; U1104, INSERM , Marseille , France ; UMR7280, CNRS , Marseille , France
| | - Jamila Elhmouzi-Younes
- UR892, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Céline Urien
- UR892, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Suzana Ruscanu
- UR892, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Luc Jouneau
- UR892, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Mickaël Bourge
- IFR87 La Plante et son Environnement, IMAGIF CNRS , Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Marco Moroldo
- CRB GADIE, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Gilles Foucras
- UMR1225, Université de Toulouse, INPT, ENVT , Toulouse , France ; UMR1225, Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes, INRA , Toulouse , France
| | - Henri Salmon
- UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA , Nouzilly , France ; UMR1282, Université François Rabelais de Tours , Tours , France
| | - Hélène Marty
- UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA , Nouzilly , France ; UMR1282, Université François Rabelais de Tours , Tours , France
| | - Pascale Quéré
- UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA , Nouzilly , France ; UMR1282, Université François Rabelais de Tours , Tours , France
| | - Nicolas Bertho
- UR892, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- UR892, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Marc Dalod
- UM2, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université , Marseille , France ; U1104, INSERM , Marseille , France ; UMR7280, CNRS , Marseille , France
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Summerfield A, Auray G, Ricklin M. Comparative Dendritic Cell Biology of Veterinary Mammals. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2015; 3:533-57. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-111009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland;
| | - Gael Auray
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland;
| | - Meret Ricklin
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Summerfield A, Meurens F, Ricklin ME. The immunology of the porcine skin and its value as a model for human skin. Mol Immunol 2014; 66:14-21. [PMID: 25466611 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The porcine skin has striking similarities to the human skin in terms of general structure, thickness, hair follicle content, pigmentation, collagen and lipid composition. This has been the basis for numerous studies using the pig as a model for wound healing, transdermal delivery, dermal toxicology, radiation and UVB effects. Considering that the skin also represents an immune organ of utmost importance for health, immune cells present in the skin of the pig will be reviewed. The focus of this review is on dendritic cells, which play a central role in the skin immune system as they serve as sentinels in the skin, which offers a large surface area exposed to the environment. Based on a literature review and original data we propose a classification of porcine dendritic cell subsets in the skin corresponding to the subsets described in the human skin. The equivalent of the human CD141(+) DC subset is CD1a(-)CD4(-)CD172a(-)CADM1(high), that of the CD1c(+) subset is CD1a(+)CD4(-)CD172a(+)CADM1(+/low), and porcine plasmacytoid dendritic cells are CD1a(-)CD4(+)CD172a(+)CADM1(-). CD209 and CD14 could represent markers of inflammatory monocyte-derived cells, either dendritic cells or macrophages. Future studies for example using transriptomic analysis of sorted populations are required to confirm the identity of these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Sensemattstrasse 293, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
| | - François Meurens
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Meret E Ricklin
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Sensemattstrasse 293, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sei JJ, Ochoa AS, Bishop E, Barlow JW, Golde WT. Phenotypic, ultra-structural, and functional characterization of bovine peripheral blood dendritic cell subsets. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109273. [PMID: 25295753 PMCID: PMC4190170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are multi-functional cells that bridge the gap between innate and adaptive immune systems. In bovine, significant information is lacking on the precise identity and role of peripheral blood DC subsets. In this study, we identify and characterize bovine peripheral blood DC subsets directly ex vivo, without further in vitro manipulation. Multi-color flow cytometric analysis revealed that three DC subsets could be identified. Bovine plasmacytoid DC were phenotypically identified by a unique pattern of cell surface protein expression including CD4, exhibited an extensive endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, efficiently internalized and degraded exogenous antigen, and were the only peripheral blood cells specialized in the production of type I IFN following activation with Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. Conventional DC were identified by expression of a different pattern of cell surface proteins including CD11c, MHC class II, and CD80, among others, the display of extensive dendritic protrusions on their plasma membrane, expression of very high levels of MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules, efficient internalization and degradation of exogenous antigen, and ready production of detectable levels of TNF-alpha in response to TLR activation. Our investigations also revealed a third novel DC subset that may be a precursor of conventional DC that were MHC class II+ and CD11c−. These cells exhibited a smooth plasma membrane with a rounded nucleus, produced TNF-alpha in response to TLR-activation (albeit lower than CD11c+ DC), and were the least efficient in internalization/degradation of exogenous antigen. These studies define three bovine blood DC subsets with distinct phenotypic and functional characteristics which can be analyzed during immune responses to pathogens and vaccinations of cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet J. Sei
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Greenport, New York, United States of America
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Amanda S. Ochoa
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Bishop
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Greenport, New York, United States of America
| | - John W. Barlow
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - William T. Golde
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Greenport, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Entrican G, Wattegedera SR, Griffiths DJ. Exploiting ovine immunology to improve the relevance of biomedical models. Mol Immunol 2014; 66:68-77. [PMID: 25263932 PMCID: PMC4368439 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sheep make a valuable contribution to immunology research. Lessons to be learned from studying infections in the natural host. Factors to consider when selecting biomedical models.
Animal models of human disease are important tools in many areas of biomedicine; for example, in infectious disease research and in the development of novel drugs and medical devices. Most studies involving animals use rodents, in particular congenic mice, due to the availability of a wide number of strains and the ease with which they can be genetically manipulated. The use of mouse models has led to major advances in many fields of research, in particular in immunology but despite these advances, no animal model can exactly reproduce all the features of human disease. It is increasingly becoming recognised that in many circumstances mice do not provide the best model and that alternative species may be more appropriate. Here, we describe the relative merits of sheep as biomedical models for human physiology and disease in comparison to mice, with a particular focus on reproductive and respiratory pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary Entrican
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK.
| | - Sean R Wattegedera
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK
| | - David J Griffiths
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dutertre CA, Wang LF, Ginhoux F. Aligning bona fide dendritic cell populations across species. Cell Immunol 2014; 291:3-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
18
|
Bonaccorsi I, Pezzino G, Morandi B, Ferlazzo G. Drag cells in immunity: Plasmacytoid DCs dress up as cancer cells. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e28184. [PMID: 25083317 PMCID: PMC4108465 DOI: 10.4161/onci.28184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-dressing, in immunology, is a term originally coined to indicate the transfer of peptide-MHC complexes belonging to neighboring cells on antigen presenting cells. We have recently shown that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are particularly suited to be cross-dressed by tumor cells and that this phenomenon provides a unique pathway for abundant presentation of tumor antigens by pDCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bonaccorsi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy; Department of Human Pathology; University of Messina; Messina, Italy ; Cell Therapy Program; A.O.U. Policlinico "G.Martino"; Messina, Italy
| | - Gaetana Pezzino
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy; Department of Human Pathology; University of Messina; Messina, Italy ; Cell Therapy Program; A.O.U. Policlinico "G.Martino"; Messina, Italy
| | - Barbara Morandi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES); University of Genoa; Genoa, Italy
| | - Guido Ferlazzo
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy; Department of Human Pathology; University of Messina; Messina, Italy ; Cell Therapy Program; A.O.U. Policlinico "G.Martino"; Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Neeland MR, Meeusen EN, de Veer MJ. Afferent lymphatic cannulation as a model system to study innate immune responses to infection and vaccination. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 158:86-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
20
|
Berri F, Lê VB, Jandrot-Perrus M, Lina B, Riteau B. Switch from protective to adverse inflammation during influenza: viral determinants and hemostasis are caught as culprits. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:885-98. [PMID: 24091817 PMCID: PMC11114008 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause acute respiratory infections, which are highly contagious and occur as seasonal epidemic and sporadic pandemic outbreaks. Innate immune response is activated shortly after infection with influenza A viruses (IAV), affording effective protection of the host. However, this response should be tightly regulated, as insufficient inflammation may result in virus escape from immunosurveillance. In contrast, excessive inflammation may result in bystander lung tissue damage, loss of respiratory capacity, and deterioration of the clinical outcome of IAV infections. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of the innate immune response to IAV infection and summarize the most important findings on how the host can inappropriately respond to influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Berri
- VirPath, EA4610 Virologie et Pathologie Humaine, Faculté de médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Vuong Ba Lê
- VirPath, EA4610 Virologie et Pathologie Humaine, Faculté de médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Martine Jandrot-Perrus
- Inserm, U698, Paris, France
- Université Paris 7, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Lina
- VirPath, EA4610 Virologie et Pathologie Humaine, Faculté de médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Béatrice Riteau
- VirPath, EA4610 Virologie et Pathologie Humaine, Faculté de médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- INRA, Nouzilly, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bonaccorsi I, Morandi B, Antsiferova O, Costa G, Oliveri D, Conte R, Pezzino G, Vermiglio G, Anastasi GP, Navarra G, Münz C, Di Carlo E, Mingari MC, Ferlazzo G. Membrane transfer from tumor cells overcomes deficient phagocytic ability of plasmacytoid dendritic cells for the acquisition and presentation of tumor antigens. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 192:824-32. [PMID: 24337377 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The potential contribution of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in the presentation of tumor cell Ags remains unclear, and some controversies exist with regard to the ability of pDCs to phagocytose cell-derived particulate Ags and cross-present them to MHC class I-restricted T lymphocytes. In this study, we show that human pDCs, although inefficient in the internalization of cell membrane fragments by phagocytosis, can efficiently acquire membrane patches and associated molecules from cancer cells of different histotypes. The transfer of membrane patches to pDCs occurred in a very short time and required cell-to-cell contact. Membrane transfer also included intact HLA complexes, and the acquired Ags could be efficiently recognized on pDCs by tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells. Remarkably, pDCs isolated from human colon cancer tissues displayed a strong surface expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule, indicating that the exchange of exogenous Ags between pDCs and tumor cells also can occur in vivo. These data demonstrate that pDCs are well suited to acquire membrane patches from contiguous tumor cells by a cell-to-cell contact-dependent mechanism that closely resembles "trogocytosis." This phenomenon may allow pDCs to proficiently present tumor cell-derived Ags, despite limited properties of endophagocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bonaccorsi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Vitour D, Doceul V, Ruscanu S, Chauveau E, Schwartz-Cornil I, Zientara S. Induction and control of the type I interferon pathway by Bluetongue virus. Virus Res 2013; 182:59-70. [PMID: 24211608 PMCID: PMC7114367 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A general review describing the current knowledge on the type I IFN pathway. Description of several mechanisms evolved by viruses to counteract this antiviral response. An up-to-date review on the interaction of BTV and the type I IFN pathway in vivo and in vitro. Description of the cellular sensors involved in the induction of IFN-α/β synthesis upon BTV infection in haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cells. Description of the strategies evolved by BTV to counteract this cellular antiviral response.
The innate immune response is the first line of defence against viruses, involving the production of type I IFN (IFN-α/β) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines that control the infection. It also shapes the adaptive immune response generated by both T and B cells. Production of type I IFN occurs both in vivo and in vitro in response to Bluetongue virus (BTV), an arthropod-borne virus. However, the mechanisms responsible for the production of IFN-β in response to BTV remained unknown until recently and are still not completely understood. In this review, we describe the recent advances in the identification of cellular sensors and signalling pathways involved in this process. The RNA helicases retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) were shown to be involved in the expression of IFN-β as well as in the control of BTV infection in non-haematopoietic cells. In contrast, induction of IFN-α/β synthesis in sheep primary plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) required the MyD88 adaptor independently of the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), as well as the kinases dsRNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK). As type I IFN is essential for the establishment of an antiviral cellular response, most of viruses have elaborated counteracting mechanisms to hinder its action. This review also addresses the ability of BTV to interfere with IFN-β synthesis and the recent findings describing the non-structural viral protein NS3 as a powerful antagonist of the host cellular response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Vitour
- UMR1161 ANSES-INRA-ENVA, 23 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Virginie Doceul
- UMR1161 ANSES-INRA-ENVA, 23 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Suzana Ruscanu
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, UR892 INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Emilie Chauveau
- UMR1161 ANSES-INRA-ENVA, 23 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | | | - Stéphan Zientara
- UMR1161 ANSES-INRA-ENVA, 23 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Olivier M, Foret B, Le Vern Y, Kerboeuf D, Guilloteau LA. Plasticity of migrating CD1b+ and CD1b- lymph dendritic cells in the promotion of Th1, Th2 and Th17 in response to Salmonella and helminth secretions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79537. [PMID: 24223964 PMCID: PMC3818231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are pivotal in the development of specific T-cell responses to control pathogens, as they govern both the initiation and the polarization of adaptive immunity. To investigate the capacities of migrating DCs to respond to pathogens, we used physiologically generated lymph DCs (L-DCs). The flexible polarization of L-DCs was analysed in response to Salmonella or helminth secretions known to induce different T cell responses. Mature conventional CD1b+ L-DCs showed a predisposition to promote pro-inflammatory (IL-6), pro-Th1 (IL-12p40) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) responses which were amplified by Salmonella, and limited to only IL-6 induction by helminth secretions. The other major population of L-DCs did not express the CD1b molecule and displayed phenotypic features of immaturity compared to CD1b+ L-DCs. Salmonella infection reduced the constitutive expression of TNF-α and IL-4 mRNA in CD1b- L-DCs, whereas this expression was not affected by helminth secretions. The cytokine response of T cells promoted by L-DCs was analysed in T cell subsets after co-culture with Salmonella or helminth secretion-driven CD1b+ or CD1b- L-DCs. T cells preferentially expressed the IL-17 gene, and to a lesser extent the IFN-γ and IL-10 genes, in response to Salmonella-driven CD1b+ L-DCs, whereas a preferential IL-10, IFN-γ and IL-17 gene expression was observed in response to Salmonella-driven CD1b- L-DCs. In contrast, a predominant IL-4 and IL-13 gene expression by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was observed after stimulation of CD1b+ and CD1b- L-DCs with helminth secretions. These results show that mature conventional CD1b+ L-DCs maintain a flexible capacity to respond differently to pathogens, that the predisposition of CD1b- L-DCs to promote a Th2 response can be oriented towards other Th responses, and finally that the modulation of migrating L-DCs responses is controlled more by the pathogen encountered than the L-DC subsets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Olivier
- UR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA, Nouzilly, France
| | - Benjamin Foret
- UR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA, Nouzilly, France
| | - Yves Le Vern
- Laboratoire de Cytométrie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nouzilly, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Alvarez B, Poderoso T, Alonso F, Ezquerra A, Domínguez J, Revilla C. Antigen targeting to APC: from mice to veterinary species. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 41:153-163. [PMID: 23648645 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Antigen delivery to receptors expressed on antigen presenting cells (APC) has shown to improve immunogenicity of vaccines in mice. An enhancement of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), helper T cell or humoral responses was obtained depending on the type of APC and the surface molecule targeted. Although this strategy is being also evaluated in livestock animals with promising results, some discrepancies have been found between species and pathogens. The genetic diversity of livestock animals, the different pattern of expression of some receptors among species, the use of different markers to characterize APC in large animals and sometimes the lack of reagents make difficult to compare results obtained in different species. In this review, we summarize the data available regarding antigen targeting to APC receptors in cattle, sheep and pig and discuss the results found in these animals in the context of what has been obtained in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Alvarez
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Morandi B, Bonaccorsi I, Mesiti M, Conte R, Carrega P, Costa G, Iemmo R, Martini S, Ferrone S, Cantoni C, Mingari MC, Moretta L, Ferlazzo G. Characterization of human afferent lymph dendritic cells from seroma fluids. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:4858-66. [PMID: 24078697 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) migrate from peripheral tissues to secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) through the afferent lymph. Owing to limitations in investigating human lymph, DCs flowing in afferent lymph have not been properly characterized in humans until now. In this study, DCs present in seroma, an accrual of human afferent lymph occurring after lymph node surgical dissection, were isolated and analyzed in detail. Two main DC subsets were identified in seroma that corresponded to the migratory DC subsets present in lymph nodes, that is, CD14(+) and CD1a(+). The latter also included CD1a(bright) Langerhans cells. The two DC subsets appeared to share the same monocytic precursor and to be developmentally related; both of them spontaneously released high levels of TGF-β and displayed similar T cell-activating and -polarizing properties. In contrast, they differed in the expression of surface molecules, including TLRs; in their phagocytic activity; and in the expression of proteins involved in Ag processing and presentation. It is worth noting that although both subsets were detected in seroma in the postsurgical inflammatory phase, only CD1a(+) DCs migrated via afferent lymph under steady-state conditions. In conclusion, the high numbers of DCs contained in seroma fluids allowed a proper characterization of human DCs migrating via afferent lymph, revealing a continuous stream of DCs from peripheral regions toward SLOs under normal conditions. Moreover, we showed that, in inflammatory conditions, distinct subsets of DCs can migrate to SLOs via afferent lymph.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Morandi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dendritic cell subtypes from lymph nodes and blood show contrasted gene expression programs upon Bluetongue virus infection. J Virol 2013; 87:9333-43. [PMID: 23785206 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00631-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human and animal hemorrhagic viruses initially target dendritic cells (DCs). It has been proposed, but not documented, that both plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and conventional DCs (cDCs) may participate in the cytokine storm encountered in these infections. In order to evaluate the contribution of DCs in hemorrhagic virus pathogenesis, we performed a genome-wide expression analysis during infection by Bluetongue virus (BTV), a double-stranded RNA virus that induces hemorrhagic fever in sheep and initially infects cDCs. Both pDCs and cDCs accumulated in regional lymph nodes and spleen during BTV infection. The gene response profiles were performed at the onset of the disease and markedly differed with the DC subtypes and their lymphoid organ location. An integrative knowledge-based analysis revealed that blood pDCs displayed a gene signature related to activation of systemic inflammation and permeability of vasculature. In contrast, the gene profile of pDCs and cDCs in lymph nodes was oriented to inhibition of inflammation, whereas spleen cDCs did not show a clear functional orientation. These analyses indicate that tissue location and DC subtype affect the functional gene expression program induced by BTV and suggest the involvement of blood pDCs in the inflammation and plasma leakage/hemorrhage during BTV infection in the real natural host of the virus. These findings open the avenue to target DCs for therapeutic interventions in viral hemorrhagic diseases.
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Pulmonary dendritic cells (DCs) constantly sample the tissue and traffic inhaled antigens to the lung-draining lymph node where they normally orchestrate an appropriate immune response. The dynamic ability of these professional antigen-presenting cells to promote tolerance or immunity has been intensively studied by several groups, including ours. Distinct DC subsets in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues have been described based on their surface molecule expression and location. Current efforts to unravel DC development and function are providing insight into the various roles each subset offers the immune system. Elucidating DC functions, particularly in the lung, may then allow use of the inherent ability of these cells for enhanced vaccine strategies and therapeutics for pulmonary infections and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Nicole Desch
- Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Peter M. Henson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
- Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Claudia V. Jakubzick
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA,
- Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Contreras V, Urien C, Jouneau L, Bourge M, Bouet-Cararo C, Bonneau M, Zientara S, Klonjkowski B, Schwartz-Cornil I. Canine recombinant adenovirus vector induces an immunogenicity-related gene expression profile in skin-migrated CD11b⁺ -type DCs. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52513. [PMID: 23300693 PMCID: PMC3530480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression profiling of the blood cell response induced early after vaccination has previously been demonstrated to predict the immunogenicity of vaccines. In this study, we evaluated whether the analysis of the gene expression profile of skin-migrated dendritic cells (DCs) could be informative for the in vitro prediction of immunogenicity of vaccine, using canine adenovirus serotype 2 (CAV2) as vaccine vector. CAV2 has been shown to induce immunity to transgenes in several species including sheep and is an interesting alternative to human adenovirus-based vectors, based on the safety records of the parental strain in dogs and the lack of pre-existing immunity in non-host species. Skin-migrated DCs were collected from pseudo-afferent lymph in sheep. Both the CD11b(+) -type and CD103(+) -type skin-migrated DCs were transduced by CAV2. An analysis of the global gene response to CAV2 in the two skin DC subsets showed that the gene response in CD11b(+) -type DCs was far higher and broader than in the CD103(+) -type DCs. A newly released integrative analytic tool from Ingenuity systems revealed that the CAV2-modulated genes in the CD11b(+) -type DCs clustered in several activated immunogenicity-related functions, such as immune response, immune cell trafficking and inflammation. Thus gene profiling in skin-migrated DC in vitro indicates that the CD11b(+) DC type is more responsive to CAV2 than the CD103(+) DC type, and provides valuable information to help in evaluating and possibly improving viral vector vaccine effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Contreras
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Céline Urien
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Luc Jouneau
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Mickael Bourge
- IMAGIF, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Coraline Bouet-Cararo
- UMR Virologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and Université Paris-Est and Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort and Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’alimentation de l’environnement et du travail, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Michel Bonneau
- Centre de Recherche en Imagerie Interventionnelle, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Stephan Zientara
- UMR Virologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and Université Paris-Est and Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort and Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’alimentation de l’environnement et du travail, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Bernard Klonjkowski
- UMR Virologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and Université Paris-Est and Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort and Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’alimentation de l’environnement et du travail, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Isabelle Schwartz-Cornil
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ruscanu S, Pascale F, Bourge M, Hemati B, Elhmouzi-Younes J, Urien C, Bonneau M, Takamatsu H, Hope J, Mertens P, Meyer G, Stewart M, Roy P, Meurs EF, Dabo S, Zientara S, Breard E, Sailleau C, Chauveau E, Vitour D, Charley B, Schwartz-Cornil I. The double-stranded RNA bluetongue virus induces type I interferon in plasmacytoid dendritic cells via a MYD88-dependent TLR7/8-independent signaling pathway. J Virol 2012; 86:5817-28. [PMID: 22438548 PMCID: PMC3347300 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.06716-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), especially plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), produce large amounts of alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) upon infection with DNA or RNA viruses, which has impacts on the physiopathology of the viral infections and on the quality of the adaptive immunity. However, little is known about the IFN-α/β production by DCs during infections by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses. We present here novel information about the production of IFN-α/β induced by bluetongue virus (BTV), a vector-borne dsRNA Orbivirus of ruminants, in sheep primary DCs. We found that BTV induced IFN-α/β in skin lymph and in blood in vivo. Although BTV replicated in a substantial fraction of the conventional DCs (cDCs) and pDCs in vitro, only pDCs responded to BTV by producing a significant amount of IFN-α/β. BTV replication in pDCs was not mandatory for IFN-α/β production since it was still induced by UV-inactivated BTV (UV-BTV). Other inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-12p40, were also induced by UV-BTV in primary pDCs. The induction of IFN-α/β required endo-/lysosomal acidification and maturation. However, despite being an RNA virus, UV-BTV did not signal through Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) for IFN-α/β induction. In contrast, pathways involving the MyD88 adaptor and kinases dsRNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) were implicated. This work highlights the importance of pDCs for the production of innate immunity cytokines induced by a dsRNA virus, and it shows that a dsRNA virus can induce IFN-α/β in pDCs via a novel TLR-independent and Myd88-dependent pathway. These findings have implications for the design of efficient vaccines against dsRNA viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Ruscanu
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, UR892 INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Florentina Pascale
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, UR892 INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Centre de Recherche en Imagerie Interventionnelle, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Mickael Bourge
- IFR87 La Plante et son Environnement, IMAGIF CNRS, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Behzad Hemati
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, UR892 INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Céline Urien
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, UR892 INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Michel Bonneau
- Centre de Recherche en Imagerie Interventionnelle, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Haru Takamatsu
- Vector Bourne Viral Disease Programme, Institute for Animal Health, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne Hope
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Mertens
- Vector Bourne Viral Disease Programme, Institute for Animal Health, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Gilles Meyer
- Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, INRA UMR1225, IHAP, Toulouse, France
| | - Meredith Stewart
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Polly Roy
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eliane F. Meurs
- Institut Pasteur, Hepacivirus and Innate Immunity, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Dabo
- Institut Pasteur, Hepacivirus and Innate Immunity, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bernard Charley
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, UR892 INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gibson A, Miah S, Griebel P, Brownlie J, Werling D. Identification of a lineage negative cell population in bovine peripheral blood with the ability to mount a strong type I interferon response. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 36:332-341. [PMID: 21663757 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Lineage negative dendritic cells, or natural interferon-producing cells (NIPC), also referred to as plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) constitute a small population of leukocytes secreting high levels of type I interferon (IFNα/β) in response to certain danger signals. Here, we provide initial data towards the identification of so far uncharacterised circulating bovine pDC like cells. A lineage negative cell population (LIN(-) cells) was isolated from PBMC which showed characteristics similar to that of pDC in other species. Isolated LIN(-) cells presented lymphoid morphology with a semi-crescent nucleus, extensive ER and Golgi network; indicative of pDC. In addition phenotypic analysis of LIN(-) cells described them as distinct from other bovine DC subsets; expressing both lymphoid and myeloid surface markers. LIN(-) cells did not express lineage specific markers, but were MHC class II(+), CD45RO(+), CD80/86(+), CD6(+), WC1(+), CD26(+) and expressed the myeloid markers CD205, CD172a and CD11a. In keeping with pDC, LIN(-) cells express TLR7 mRNA transcripts; however, in a resting state do not express TLR8 or TLR9. Functionally, LIN(-) cells, but not PBMC, monocytes and monocyte derived DC produce large amounts of IFNα/β in response to different CpG oligonucleotides. Taken together, we present data suggesting that an enriched circulating population of bovine LIN(-) cells are uniquely capable of producing IFNα/β in response to CpG oligonucleotides and thus this population likely contain the functional equivalent of bovine pDC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Gibson
- The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Olivier M, Foret B, Le Vern Y, Guilloteau LA. Capacities of migrating CD1b+ lymph dendritic cells to present Salmonella antigens to naive T cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30430. [PMID: 22279590 PMCID: PMC3261196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are well known as professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) able to initiate specific T-cell responses to pathogens in lymph nodes (LN) draining the site of infection. However, the respective contribution of migratory and LN-resident DCs in this process remains unclear. As DC subsets represent important targets for vaccination strategies, more precise knowledge of DC subsets able to present vaccine antigens to T cells efficiently is required. To investigate the capacities of DCs migrating in the lymph (L-DCs) to initiate a specific T-cell response, we used physiologically generated DCs collected from a pseudoafferent lymphatic cannulation model in sheep. The CD1b+ L-DCs were assessed for presenting antigens from the vaccine attenuated strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Abortusovis. CD1b+ L-DCs were able to phagocytose, process and to present efficiently Salmonella antigens to effector/memory T cells in vitro. They were shown to be efficient APC for the priming of allogeneic naive T cells associated with inducing both IFN-γ and IL-4 responses. They were also efficient in presenting Salmonella antigens to autologous naive T cells associated with inducing both IFN-γ and IL-10 responses. The capacities of L-DCs to process and present Salmonella antigens to T cells were investigated in vivo after conjunctival inoculation of Salmonella. The CD1b+ L-DCs collected after inoculation were able to induce the proliferative response of CD4+ T cells suggesting the in vivo capture of Salmonella antigens by the CD1b+ L-DCs, and their potential to present them directly to CD4+ T cells. In this study, CD1b+ L-DCs present potential characteristics of APC to initiate by themselves T cell priming in the LN. They could be used as target cells for driving immune activation in vaccinal strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Olivier
- UR1282 Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nouzilly, France
| | - Benjamin Foret
- UR1282 Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nouzilly, France
| | - Yves Le Vern
- UR1282 Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nouzilly, France
| | - Laurence A. Guilloteau
- UR1282 Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nouzilly, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Søndergaard L, Dagnæs-Hansen F, Herskin M. Welfare assessment in porcine biomedical research – Suggestion for an operational tool. Res Vet Sci 2011; 91:e1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
33
|
Reizis B, Bunin A, Ghosh HS, Lewis KL, Sisirak V. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: recent progress and open questions. Annu Rev Immunol 2011; 29:163-83. [PMID: 21219184 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-031210-101345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are specialized in rapid and massive secretion of type I interferon (IFN-α/β) in response to foreign nucleic acids. Combined with their antigen presentation capacity, this powerful functionality enables pDCs to orchestrate innate and adaptive immune responses. pDCs combine features of both lymphocytes and classical dendritic cells and display unique molecular adaptations to nucleic acid sensing and IFN production. In the decade since the identification of the pDC as a distinct immune cell type, our understanding of its molecular underpinnings and role in immunity has progressed rapidly. Here we review select aspects of pDC biology including cell fate establishment and plasticity, specific molecular mechanisms of pDC function, and the role of pDCs in T cell responses, antiviral immunity, and autoimmune diseases. Important unresolved questions remain in these areas, promising exciting times in pDC research for years to come.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Reizis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Foucault ML, Moules V, Rosa-Calatrava M, Riteau B. Role for proteases and HLA-G in the pathogenicity of influenza A viruses. J Clin Virol 2011; 51:155-9. [PMID: 21612979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Influenza is one of the most common infectious diseases in humans occurring as seasonal epidemic and sporadic pandemic outbreaks. The ongoing infections of humans with avian H5N1 influenza A viruses (IAV) and the past 2009 pandemic caused by the quadruple human/avian/swine reassortant (H1N1) virus highlights the permanent threat caused by these viruses. This review aims to describe the interaction between the virus and the host, with a particular focus on the role of proteases and HLA-G in the pathogenicity of influenza viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Foucault
- CNRS FRE 3011 VirPath, Virologie et Pathologie Humaine, Faculté de médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Blank F, Stumbles P, von Garnier C. Opportunities and challenges of the pulmonary route for vaccination. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011; 8:547-63. [PMID: 21438741 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2011.565326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The respiratory tract is an attractive target for the delivery of vaccine antigens. Potential advantages of drug delivery by means of the pulmonary route include accessibility, non-invasiveness, ease of administration, and the possibility to reach an elaborate mucosal network of antigen-presenting cells. AREAS COVERED This review discusses current pulmonary vaccination strategies and their advantages and disadvantages. EXPERT OPINION To improve efficiency of vaccination and develop new strategies, a well-founded knowledge about composition and characterization of antigen-presenting cell populations throughout the respiratory tract is essential. In particular, respiratory tract dendritic cells, as key antigen-presenting cells in the lung, constitute an ideal target for vaccine delivery. Furthermore, particle size is a key factor when designing new inhalable vaccines, as size determines not only deposition in different respiratory tract compartments, but also how an antigen and its carrier will interact with lung tissue components and immune cells. An increased knowledge of different respiratory tract antigen-presenting cell populations and their interactions with other components of the immune system will enable new targeting strategies to improve the efficacy of pulmonary vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Blank
- Bern University, Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Clinical Research, Murtenstrasse 50, CH-3010 Berne, Switzerland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Umeshappa CS, Singh KP, Channappanavar R, Sharma K, Nanjundappa RH, Saxena M, Singh R, Sharma AK. A comparison of intradermal and intravenous inoculation of bluetongue virus serotype 23 in sheep for clinico-pathology, and viral and immune responses. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 141:230-8. [PMID: 21511346 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of bluetongue (BT) could vary with route of inoculation. Using laboratory-passaged moderately virulent bluetongue virus serotype 23 (BTV-23), one of the most prevalent Indian serotype, we investigated the pathogenesis of BT in intradermally (ID) and intravenously (IV) inoculated native sheep. The ID inoculation resulted in relatively increased clinical signs and lesions in many organs as compared to IV inoculation. BTV-23 detection by real-time RT-PCR and isolation studies revealed that ID inoculation can be more efficient than IV ones in disseminating and spreading virus to systemic organs, including pre-scapular draining lymph node, spleen, lungs and pulmonary artery. Furthermore, the ID inoculation resulted in early onset and increased humoral response with significant increase (P<0.01) in antibody titre at various intervals. Taken together, these data suggest that ID inoculation can be more potent in reproducing many aspects of natural infection, including clinical disease, viral and immune responses, and may be useful route in setting up experimental infections for challenge or pathogenesis studies using laboratory passaged BTVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Channakeshava Sokke Umeshappa
- Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bovine plasmacytoid dendritic cells are the major source of type I interferon in response to foot-and-mouth disease virus in vitro and in vivo. J Virol 2011; 85:4297-308. [PMID: 21307187 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02495-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (alpha/beta interferons [IFN-α/β]) are the main innate cytokines that are able to induce a cellular antiviral state, thereby limiting viral replication and disease pathology. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a crucial role in the control of viral infections, especially in response to viruses that have evolved mechanisms to block the type I IFN signal transduction pathway. Using density gradient separation and cell sorting, we have highly enriched a population of bovine cells capable of producing high levels of biologically active type I IFN. These cells represented less than 0.1% of the total lymphocyte population in blood, pseudoafferent lymph, and lymph nodes. Phenotypic analysis identified these cells as bovine pDCs (CD3(-) CD14(-) CD21(-) CD11c(-) NK(-) TCRδ(-) CD4(+) MHC II(+) CD45RB(+) CD172a(+) CD32(+)). High levels of type I IFN were generated by these cells in vitro in response to Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9) agonist CpG and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) immune complexes. In contrast, immune complexes formed with UV-inactivated FMDV or FMDV empty capsids failed to elicit a type I IFN response. Depletion of CD4 cells in vivo resulted in levels of type I IFN in serum early during FMDV infection that were significantly lower than those for control animals. In conclusion, pDCs interacting with immune-complexed virus are the major source of type I interferon production during acute FMDV infection in cattle.
Collapse
|
38
|
Marquet F, Bonneau M, Pascale F, Urien C, Kang C, Schwartz-Cornil I, Bertho N. Characterization of dendritic cells subpopulations in skin and afferent lymph in the swine model. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16320. [PMID: 21298011 PMCID: PMC3029332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcutaneous delivery of vaccines to specific skin dendritic cells (DC) subsets is foreseen as a promising strategy to induce strong and specific types of immune responses such as tolerance, cytotoxicity or humoral immunity. Because of striking histological similarities between human and pig skin, pig is recognized as the most suitable model to study the cutaneous delivery of medicine. Therefore improving the knowledge on swine skin DC subsets would be highly valuable to the skin vaccine field. In this study, we showed that pig skin DC comprise the classical epidermal langerhans cells (LC) and dermal DC (DDC) that could be divided in 3 subsets according to their phenotypes: (1) the CD163neg/CD172aneg, (2) the CD163highCD172apos and (3) the CD163lowCD172apos DDC. These subtypes have the capacity to migrate from skin to lymph node since we detected them in pseudo-afferent lymph. Extensive phenotyping with a set of markers suggested that the CD163high DDC resemble the antibody response-inducing human skin DC/macrophages whereas the CD163negCD172low DDC share properties with the CD8+ T cell response-inducing murine skin CD103pos DC. This work, by showing similarities between human, mouse and swine skin DC, establishes pig as a model of choice for the development of transcutaneous immunisation strategies targeting DC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Marquet
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires UR892, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Michel Bonneau
- Centre de Recherche en Imagerie Interventionnelle, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Florentina Pascale
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires UR892, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Centre de Recherche en Imagerie Interventionnelle, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Celine Urien
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires UR892, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Chantal Kang
- Centre de Recherche en Imagerie Interventionnelle, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Isabelle Schwartz-Cornil
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires UR892, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- * E-mail: (NB); (IS-C)
| | - Nicolas Bertho
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires UR892, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- * E-mail: (NB); (IS-C)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ferret-Bernard S, Remot A, Lacroix-Lamandé S, Metton C, Bernardet N, Drouet F, Laurent F. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the strong neonatal IL-12 response of lamb mesenteric lymph node cells to R-848. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13705. [PMID: 21060840 PMCID: PMC2965667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparative studies on the response of neonates and adults to TLR stimulation have been almost exclusively limited to comparisons of human neonatal cord blood cells with peripheral blood from adults, and analyses of spleen cell responses in mice. We need to extend these studies and gain further information regarding such responses at mucosal sites. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We used sheep as a large animal model to study TLR agonist responses in the lymph nodes draining the intestine, an organ that must adapt to profound changes after birth. In response to the imidazoquinoline compound R-848, neonatal mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and spleen cells produced more IL-12 and, consequently, more IFNγ than their adult counterparts. This difference was age-related for both organs, but the preferential IL-12 response decreased more rapidly in the MLN, with young animals producing similar amounts of this cytokine to adults, from the age of 20 days onwards. Intracellular assays and depletion experiments identified CD14(+)CD11b(+)CD40(+) cells as the main producer of IL-12. These cells accounted for a greater proportion of neonatal than of adult MLN cells, and also produced, in direct response to R-848, more IL-12 after isolation. This strong IL-12 response in neonates occurred despite the production of larger amounts of the regulatory cytokine IL-10 and the stronger upregulation of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 mRNA levels than in adult cells, and was correlated with an increase in p38/MAPK phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This is the first attempt to decipher the mechanism by which neonatal MLN cells produce more IL-12 than adult cells in response to the TLR8 agonist R-848. CD14(+)CD11b(+)CD40(+) IL-12-producing cells were more numerous in neonate than in adult MLN cells and displayed higher intracellular responsiveness upon R-848 stimulation. This work provides relevant information for future vaccination or immunostimulation strategies targeting neonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Ferret-Bernard
- Equipe «Contrôle et Immunologie des Maladies Entériques du Nouveau-Né», UR1282 Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique, INRA Nouzilly, Nouzilly, France
| | - Aude Remot
- Equipe «Contrôle et Immunologie des Maladies Entériques du Nouveau-Né», UR1282 Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique, INRA Nouzilly, Nouzilly, France
| | - Sonia Lacroix-Lamandé
- Equipe «Contrôle et Immunologie des Maladies Entériques du Nouveau-Né», UR1282 Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique, INRA Nouzilly, Nouzilly, France
| | - Coralie Metton
- Equipe «Contrôle et Immunologie des Maladies Entériques du Nouveau-Né», UR1282 Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique, INRA Nouzilly, Nouzilly, France
| | - Nelly Bernardet
- Equipe «Contrôle et Immunologie des Maladies Entériques du Nouveau-Né», UR1282 Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique, INRA Nouzilly, Nouzilly, France
| | - Françoise Drouet
- Equipe «Contrôle et Immunologie des Maladies Entériques du Nouveau-Né», UR1282 Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique, INRA Nouzilly, Nouzilly, France
| | - Fabrice Laurent
- Equipe «Contrôle et Immunologie des Maladies Entériques du Nouveau-Né», UR1282 Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique, INRA Nouzilly, Nouzilly, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Coffey TJ, Werling D. Therapeutic targeting of the innate immune system in domestic animals. Cell Tissue Res 2010; 343:251-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-010-1054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
41
|
LeBouder F, Lina B, Rimmelzwaan GF, Riteau B. Plasminogen promotes influenza A virus replication through an annexin 2-dependent pathway in the absence of neuraminidase. J Gen Virol 2010; 91:2753-61. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.023804-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
42
|
Contreras V, Urien C, Guiton R, Alexandre Y, Vu Manh TP, Andrieu T, Crozat K, Jouneau L, Bertho N, Epardaud M, Hope J, Savina A, Amigorena S, Bonneau M, Dalod M, Schwartz-Cornil I. Existence of CD8α-like dendritic cells with a conserved functional specialization and a common molecular signature in distant mammalian species. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:3313-25. [PMID: 20702727 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mouse lymphoid organ-resident CD8alpha(+) dendritic cell (DC) subset is specialized in Ag presentation to CD8(+) T cells. Recent evidence shows that mouse nonlymphoid tissue CD103(+) DCs and human blood DC Ag 3(+) DCs share similarities with CD8alpha(+) DCs. We address here whether the organization of DC subsets is conserved across mammals in terms of gene expression signatures, phenotypic characteristics, and functional specialization, independently of the tissue of origin. We study the DC subsets that migrate from the skin in the ovine species that, like all domestic animals, belongs to the Laurasiatheria, a distinct phylogenetic clade from the supraprimates (human/mouse). We demonstrate that the minor sheep CD26(+) skin lymph DC subset shares significant transcriptomic similarities with mouse CD8alpha(+) and human blood DC Ag 3(+) DCs. This allowed the identification of a common set of phenotypic characteristics for CD8alpha-like DCs in the three mammalian species (i.e., SIRP(lo), CADM1(hi), CLEC9A(hi), CD205(hi), XCR1(hi)). Compared to CD26(-) DCs, the sheep CD26(+) DCs show 1) potent stimulation of allogeneic naive CD8(+) T cells with high selective induction of the Ifngamma and Il22 genes; 2) dominant efficacy in activating specific CD8(+) T cells against exogenous soluble Ag; and 3) selective expression of functional pathways associated with high capacity for Ag cross-presentation. Our results unravel a unifying definition of the CD8alpha(+)-like DCs across mammalian species and identify molecular candidates that could be used for the design of vaccines applying to mammals in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Contreras
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires UR892, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Trafficking properties of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in health and disease. Trends Immunol 2010; 31:270-7. [PMID: 20579936 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) represent a subset of circulating leukocytes characterized by the ability to release high levels of type I interferon (IFN). Under homeostatic conditions PDCs are confined to primary and secondary lymphoid organs. This is consistent with the restricted profile of functional chemotactic receptors expressed by circulating PDCs (i.e. CXCR4 and ChemR23). Accumulation of PDCs in non-lymphoid tissue is, however, observed in certain autoimmune diseases, allergic reactions and tumors. Indeed, PDCs are now considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of diseases characterized by a type I IFN-signature and are considered as a promising target for new intervention strategies. Here, current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the recruitment of PDCs under homeostatic and pathological conditions are summarized.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) in the intestine are heterogeneous. Phenotypically different populations of conventional DCs have been identified in the intestinal lamina propria, Peyer's patches, and in the draining mesenteric lymph nodes, to which these DCs constitutively migrate. Markers used to identify these populations include major histocompatibility complex class II, CD11c, CD8 alpha, CD11b, and CD103. Extensive studies in rats, summarized here, which involved collection of migrating DCs by thoracic duct cannulation after mesenteric lymphadenectomy, have clearly demonstrated that the subsets of migrating intestinal lymph DCs have different functional properties. The subsets might play different roles in the induction of oral tolerance and in driving systemic immune responses after vaccination or intestinal stimulation with Toll-like receptor ligands. The use of these surgical techniques allows investigation of the functions of purified subsets of migrating DCs. However, in the rat, these studies are limited by the range of available reagents and are difficult to compare with data from other species in this fast-moving field. Recent refinements have enabled the collection of migrating intestinal DCs from mice; our initial results are described here. We believe that these studies will generate exciting data and have the potential to resolve important questions about the functions of migrating intestinal DC subsets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Milling
- Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Van de Walle GR, Cox E, Nauwynck H, Favoreel HW. The role of dendritic cells in alphaherpesvirus infections: archetypes and paradigms. Rev Med Virol 2010; 19:338-58. [PMID: 19750563 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in orchestrating both innate and adaptive components of the immune system and are therefore of pivotal importance in the initiation of immune responses to control and eliminate viral infections. A major focus of this review is to give an overview on the recent findings that point out the importance of DCs in controlling alphaherpesvirus infections, but also indicate that these viruses have evolved several strategies to inhibit and/or exploit DC functions to delay or escape elimination by the immune system. In addition, we point out the common features and interspecies differences between DCs from man and animal, and discuss the potential use of animal alphaherpesvirus homologues to gain further insights into the interaction between alphaherpesviruses and DCs in their natural virus-host environment. Finally, recent knowledge on the potential of alphaherpesviruses as vectors for DC stimulation and their use for immunotherapy is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Parasitology, and Immunology, Ghent University, Salisburylaan, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Characterization of the cytokine and maturation responses of pure populations of porcine plasmacytoid dendritic cells to porcine viruses and toll-like receptor agonists. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009; 135:20-33. [PMID: 19939462 PMCID: PMC7126865 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Plausible representatives of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in pigs have been characterized as being CD4hiCD172lo. Due to their paucity in blood, we utilized novel fluorescent-activated cell sorting procedures to isolate them from PBMC. The resultant subset was greater than 98% homogeneous in regards to the selected phenotype and contained the preponderance of individuals secreting IFN-α after exposure to a known stimulant, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). In addition to being a potent source of IFN-α, other properties of these porcine CD4hiCD172lo cells including their morphological transition from a plasma cell-like shape during quiescence to one resembling a dendritic cell (DC) after activation by TGEV and their relatively strong constitutive expression of interferon regulatory factor-7 (IRF-7) conformed to the expectations of genuine pDCs. While a substantial IFN-α response was also elicited from the porcine pDCs by pseudorabies virus (PrV), swine influenza virus (SIV), and TLR7 and 9 agonists, there was an agent-dependent induction of varying amounts of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. Notably, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) failed to provoke the pDCs to secrete any of the measured cytokines except IL-2. Moreover, whereas pDCs exposed to TGEV or the TLR9 agonist rapidly increased IRF-7 production and morphed into DCs with enhanced CD80/86 expression, similar alterations were not observed during incubation with PRRSV. This atypical response of pDCs to PRRSV may contribute to its pathogenesis, which unlike that associated with PrV, SIV or TGEV includes persistent infection and limited development of protective immunity.
Collapse
|
47
|
Fahlén-Yrlid L, Gustafsson T, Westlund J, Holmberg A, Strömbeck A, Blomquist M, MacPherson GG, Holmgren J, Yrlid U. CD11c(high )dendritic cells are essential for activation of CD4+ T cells and generation of specific antibodies following mucosal immunization. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:5032-41. [PMID: 19786541 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To generate vaccines that protect mucosal surfaces, a better understanding of the cells required in vivo for activation of the adaptive immune response following mucosal immunization is required. CD11c(high) conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) have been shown to be necessary for activation of naive CD8(+) T cells in vivo, but the role of cDCs in CD4(+) T cell activation is still unclear, especially at mucosal surfaces. The activation of naive Ag-specific CD4(+) T cells and the generation of Abs following mucosal administration of Ag with or without the potent mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin were therefore analyzed in mice depleted of CD11c(high) cDCs. Our results show that cDCs are absolutely required for activation of CD4(+) T cells after oral and nasal immunization. Ag-specific IgG titers in serum, as well as Ag-specific intestinal IgA, were completely abrogated after feeding mice OVA and cholera toxin. However, giving a very high dose of Ag, 30-fold more than required to detect T cell proliferation, to cDC-ablated mice resulted in proliferation of Ag-specific CD4(+) T cells. This proliferation was not inhibited by additional depletion of plasmacytoid DCs or in cDC-depleted mice whose B cells were MHC-II deficient. This study therefore demonstrates that cDCs are required for successful mucosal immunization, unless a very high dose of Ag is administered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Fahlén-Yrlid
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center, University of Gothenburg Vaccine Research Institute, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dynamic accumulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in lymph nodes is regulated by interferon-β. Blood 2009; 114:2623-31. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-10-183301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) represent a major cellular component of our front-line defense against viruses because of their capacity to rapidly secrete type I interferon (IFN)–α and -β after infection. Constant immunosurveillance of the host requires that lymphocytes traffic through lymph nodes (LNs) to sample antigen, yet little is known about the dynamics of pDC accumulation within the secondary lymphoid organs. Here we show that pDCs readily accumulate within the secondary lymphoid organs of mice after virus infection. Interestingly, retention of pDC within LNs is enhanced in the presence of the sphingoshine-1-phosphate receptor agonist FTY720 in a manner similar to that observed for B and T lymphocytes. Ex vivo comparison of mouse pDCs with lymphocytes revealed that pDCs express sphingoshine-1-phosphate 4 and also constitutively express CD69, which is further up-regulated upon virus infection. In IFN-β−/− mice, accumulation of pDC and lymphocytes within LNs is reduced both during viral infection and under steady state conditions, and these defects can be reversed by adding recombinant IFN-β in vivo. These data suggest that pDC and lymphocytes use similar mechanisms for retention within LNs and that these processes are influenced by IFN-β even in the absence of viral infection.
Collapse
|
49
|
LeBouder F, Khoufache K, Menier C, Mandouri Y, Keffous M, Lejal N, Krawice-Radanne I, Carosella ED, Rouas-Freiss N, Riteau B. Immunosuppressive HLA-G molecule is upregulated in alveolar epithelial cells after influenza A virus infection. Hum Immunol 2009; 70:1016-9. [PMID: 19664669 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus type A (IAV) infections constitute an important economic burden and raise health-care problems. Host defense mechanisms usually clear IAV infections after a few days by exploiting a variety of cellular immune responses. However, increasing the production of immunosubversive molecules is a mechanism by which viruses escape host surveillance. In this regard, the nonclassical HLA class I molecule HLA-G displays strong tolerogenic properties. We show here that several strains of IAV differently upregulate HLA-G expression, at both the mRNA and protein levels, in alveolar epithelial cells. Thus the virulence of IAV may be caused by the capability of different strains to upregulate HLA-G allowing their escape from host immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny LeBouder
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, UR 892 INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Khoufache K, LeBouder F, Morello E, Laurent F, Riffault S, Andrade-Gordon P, Boullier S, Rousset P, Vergnolle N, Riteau B. Protective role for protease-activated receptor-2 against influenza virus pathogenesis via an IFN-gamma-dependent pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:7795-802. [PMID: 19494303 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR(2)), a receptor highly expressed in the respiratory tract, can influence inflammation at mucosal surfaces. Although the effects of PAR(2) in the innate immune response to bacterial infection have been documented, knowledge of its role in the context of viral infection is lacking. We thus investigated the role of PAR(2) in influenza pathogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, stimulation of PAR(2) on epithelial cells inhibited influenza virus type A (IAV) replication through the production of IFN-gamma. In vivo, stimulation of PAR(2) using specific agonists protected mice from IAV-induced acute lung injury and death. This effect correlated with an increased clearance of IAV in the lungs associated with increased IFN- gamma production and a decreased presence of neutrophils and RANTES release in bronchoalveolar fluids. More importantly, the protective effect of the PAR(2) agonist was totally abrogated in IFN- gamma-deficient mice. Finally, compared with wild-type mice, PAR(2)-deficient mice were more susceptible to IAV infection and displayed more severe lung inflammation. In these mice higher neutrophil counts and increased RANTES concentration but decreased IFN- gamma levels were observed in the bronchoalveolar lavages. Collectively, these results showed that PAR(2) plays a protective role during IAV infection through IFN-gamma production and decreased excessive recruitment of inflammatory cells to lung alveoli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Khoufache
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Unité de Recherche 892, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|