1
|
Periferakis A, Periferakis AT, Troumpata L, Periferakis K, Scheau AE, Savulescu-Fiedler I, Caruntu A, Badarau IA, Caruntu C, Scheau C. Kaempferol: A Review of Current Evidence of Its Antiviral Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16299. [PMID: 38003488 PMCID: PMC10671393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol and its derivatives are flavonoids found in various plants, and a considerable number of these have been used in various medical applications worldwide. Kaempferol and its compounds have well-known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties among other health benefits. However, the antiviral properties of kaempferol are notable, and there is a significant number of experimental studies on this topic. Kaempferol compounds were effective against DNA viruses such as hepatitis B virus, viruses of the alphaherpesvirinae family, African swine fever virus, and pseudorabies virus; they were also effective against RNA viruses, namely feline SARS coronavirus, dengue fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, influenza virus, enterovirus 71, poliovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, human immunodeficiency virus, calicivirus, and chikungunya virus. On the other hand, no effectiveness against murine norovirus and hepatitis A virus could be determined. The antiviral action mechanisms of kaempferol compounds are various, such as the inhibition of viral polymerases and of viral attachment and entry into host cells. Future research should be focused on further elucidating the antiviral properties of kaempferol compounds from different plants and assessing their potential use to complement the action of antiviral drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
- Elkyda, Research & Education Centre of Charismatheia, 17675 Athens, Greece
| | - Aristodemos-Theodoros Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Elkyda, Research & Education Centre of Charismatheia, 17675 Athens, Greece
| | - Lamprini Troumpata
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Konstantinos Periferakis
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
- Pan-Hellenic Organization of Educational Programs (P.O.E.P), 17236 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreea-Elena Scheau
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ilinca Savulescu-Fiedler
- Department of Internal Medicine, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Anca Badarau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, “Prof. N.C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, “Foisor” Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Barahuie F, Dianat T, Ghaderi Nejad N, Shahbakhsh M, Kordi Tamandani DM. Evaluation of Chemical, Biochemical and Anti-Microbial Effects of Salvadora persica and Moringa oleifera Extract to Produce Organic Disinfectant Products. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2023; 78:1379-1386. [PMID: 38226376 PMCID: PMC10787916 DOI: 10.32592/ari.2023.78.4.1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Oral hygiene is one of the most influential and important issues in people's health. People have been using herbal components to maintain their oral hygiene for centuries. Oral cancer develops in the oral cavity, and its origin always lies in the growth of malignant epithelial tissue cells. Due to the spread of this cancer in Iran, we intend to measure the antibacterial effects of the combination of Salvadora persica and Moringa oleifera extracts. Cariogenic bacteria are one leading cause of oral cancer. We used this extract in mouthwash, toothpaste, and chewing gum, and we expect that it would reduce cell proliferation and be used in prevention and treatment. The new organic mouthwash, chewing gum, and toothpaste were designed and prepared using M. oleifera oil, S. persica, M. oleifera extract, the powder of S. persica wood, and M. oleifera leaves. With the use of herbal compounds in the preparation of these products, the quantity of essential chemical ingredients in the prepared samples was decreased. We examined the quality and stability of mouthwash, toothpaste, and chewing gum that indicated the standard level of each substance. Furthermore, we evaluated the antibacterial effects of our products, which indicated that our products can significantly reduce the total bacterial count. For the first time, a combination of S. persica and M. oleifera extract replaced chemicals in mouthwash, toothpaste, and chewing gum. Natural herbal ingredients with antimicrobial activity are effective in maintaining low bacterial counts in the mouth, and as a result, improving oral hygiene and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Barahuie
- Faculty of Industry and Mining (Khash), University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - T Dianat
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - N Ghaderi Nejad
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - M Shahbakhsh
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - D M Kordi Tamandani
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mosaddad SA, Hussain A, Tebyaniyan H. Green Alternatives as Antimicrobial Agents in Mitigating Periodontal Diseases: A Narrative Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1269. [PMCID: PMC10220622 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases and dental caries are the most common infectious oral diseases impacting oral health globally. Oral cavity health is crucial for enhancing life quality since it serves as the entranceway to general health. The oral microbiome and oral infectious diseases are strongly correlated. Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria have been associated with periodontal diseases. Due to the shortcomings of several antimicrobial medications frequently applied in dentistry, the lack of resources in developing countries, the prevalence of oral inflammatory conditions, and the rise in bacterial antibiotic resistance, there is a need for reliable, efficient, and affordable alternative solutions for the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Several accessible chemical agents can alter the oral microbiota, although these substances also have unfavorable symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and tooth discoloration. Natural phytochemicals generated from plants that have historically been used as medicines are categorized as prospective alternatives due to the ongoing quest for substitute products. This review concentrated on phytochemicals or herbal extracts that impact periodontal diseases by decreasing the formation of dental biofilms and plaques, preventing the proliferation of oral pathogens, and inhibiting bacterial adhesion to surfaces. Investigations examining the effectiveness and safety of plant-based medicines have also been presented, including those conducted over the past decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran;
| | - Ahmed Hussain
- School of Dentistry, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Science and Research Branch, Islimic Azade University, Tehran 14878-92855, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Azizi M, Abdulrahman YJ, Abdessamad NH, Azzaz AA, Naguib DM. Valorization and characterization of bio-oil from Salvadora persica seed for air pollutant adsorption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:53397-53410. [PMID: 36854946 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25566-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Salvadora persica (SP) is an important medicinal plant. Numerous articles have been conducted on the leaf, the roots, and the stem of the plant, but there is little information about the seed. Thus, the present work tries to identify the chemical composition of SP seed bio-oil and investigates its use as an adsorbent for cyclohexane removal. This study extracted bio-oil from seeds using different polar and non-polar organic solvents. Two techniques have been used to determine the chemical composition of the bio-oil extracted: FTIR and GC-MS. Results show that the extracted bio-oil presented 13 new major organic bio-compounds in n-hexane and ethanol SP seed extracts. Moreover, the analytical results showed that the two extracts are complex and contained thiocyanic acid, benzene, 3-pyridine carboxaldehyde, benzyl nitrile, ethyl tridecanoate, ethyl oleate, and dodecanoic acid ethyl ester. Additionally, each technique of analysis showed that the extracted bio-oils from SP seeds are rich in non-polar compounds. Indeed, the major fatty acids obtained are pentadecylic acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, oleic acid, margaric acid, and tricosanoic acid. This work provides guidelines for identifying these compounds, among others, and offers a platform for using SP seeds as a herbal alternative for various chemical, industrial, and medical applications. Furthermore, the capacity of SP extracts for air pollution treatment, namely, the removal of cyclohexane in batch mode, was investigated. Results showed that cyclohexane adsorption could be a chemical process involving both monolayer and multilayer adsorption mechanisms. The pores and the grooves on the surface of the SP bio-oil extract helped in adsorbing the cyclohexane with an outstanding maximum removal capacity of about 674.23 mg/g and 735.75 mg/g, respectively, for the ethanol and hexane SP extracts, which is superior to many other recent adsorbents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Azizi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Al-Baha University (College), Qilwah, Saudi Arabia.
- Laboratory Desalination and Water Treatment Valorisation (LaDVEN), Water Research and Technologies Center (WRTC), BP 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia.
| | - Yousif Jumaa Abdulrahman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Al-Baha University (College), Qilwah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Science Elobied, University of Kordofan, El Obeid, Sudan
| | - NourEl-Houda Abdessamad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Al-Baha University (College), Qilwah, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Wastewater and Environment, Center for Water Research and Technologies (CWRT), BP 273-8020, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Amine Azzaz
- Environnements Dynamiques Et Territoires de La Montagne, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, EDYTEM, Boulevard de La Mer Caspienne, 73370, Le Bourget-du-Lac, France
| | - Deyala M Naguib
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts in Qilwah, Albaha University (BU), Qilwah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
In Vitro Antiviral Effect and Potential Neuroprotection of Salvadora persica L. Stem Bark Extract against Lipopolysaccharides-Induced Neuroinflammation in Mice: LC-ESI-MS/MS Analysis of the Methanol Extract. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030398. [PMID: 36986497 PMCID: PMC10058283 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a serious immunomodulatory complex disorder that causes neurological and somatic ailments. The treatment of brain inflammation with new drugs derived from natural sources is a significant therapeutic goal. Utilizing LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis, the active constituents of Salvadora persica extract (SPE) were identified tentatively as exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in natural medicine. Herein, we determined the antiviral potential of SPE against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) using the plaque assay. HSV-2 is a neurotropic virus that can cause neurological diseases. SPE exhibited promising antiviral potential with a half-maximal cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of 185.960 ± 0.1 µg/mL and a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 8.946 ± 0.02 µg/mL. The in vivo study of the SPE impact against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation was performed using 42 mice divided into seven groups. All groups were administered LPS (0.25 mg/kg) intraperitoneally, except for the normal and SPE groups 1 and 2. Groups 5, 6, and 7 received 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg SPE. It was revealed that SPE inhibited acetylcholinesterase in the brain. It increased superoxide dismutase and catalase while decreasing malondialdehyde, which explains its antioxidative stress activity. SPE downregulated the gene expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase, as well as the apoptotic markers (caspase-3 and c-Jun). In addition, it decreased the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). Mice administered SPE (300 mg/kg) with LPS exhibited normal neurons in the cerebral cortices, hippocampus pyramidal layer, and cerebellum, as determined by the histopathological analysis. Therefore, using S. persica to prevent and treat neurodegeneration could be a promising new therapeutic strategy to be explored.
Collapse
|
6
|
Mujeeb A, Abideen Z, Aziz I, Sharif N, Hussain MI, Qureshi AS, Yang HH. Phytoremediation of Potentially Toxic Elements from Contaminated Saline Soils Using Salvadora persica L.: Seasonal Evaluation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12030598. [PMID: 36771682 PMCID: PMC9920363 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants in coastal ecosystems are primarily known as natural sinks of trace metals and their importance for phytoremediation is well established. Salvadora persica L., a medicinally important woody crop of marginal coasts, was evaluated for the accumulation of metal pollutants (viz. Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cr) from three coastal areas of Karachi on a seasonal basis. Korangi creek, being the most polluted site, had higher heavy metals (HM's) in soil (Fe up to 17,389, Mn: 268, Zn: 105, Cu: 23, Pb: 64.7 and Cr up to 35.9 mg kg-1) and S. persica accumulated most of the metals with >1 TF (translocation factor), yet none of them exceeded standard permissible ranges except for Pb (up to 3.1 in roots and 3.37 mg kg-1 in leaves with TF = 11.7). Seasonal data suggested that higher salinity in Clifton and Korangi creeks during pre- and post-monsoon summers resulted in lower leaf water (ΨWo) and osmotic potential at full turgor (ΨSo) and bulk elasticity (ε), higher leaf Na+ and Pb but lower extractable concentrations of other toxic metals (Cr, Cu, and Zn) in S. persica. Variation in metal accumulation may be linked to metal speciation via specific transporters and leaf water relation dynamics. Our results suggested that S. persica could be grown on Zn, Cr and Cu polluted soils but not on Pb affected soils as its leaves accumulated higher concentrations than the proposed limits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amtul Mujeeb
- Muhammad Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zainul Abideen
- Muhammad Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Aziz
- Muhammad Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Sharif
- Department of Biotechnology, Woman University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Plant Biology & Soil Science, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Asad Sarwar Qureshi
- Sustainable Natural Resources Management Section, International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, Dubai 14660, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hsi-Hsien Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wajdan N, Aslam K, Amin R, Khan S, Ahmed N, Lal A, AlHamdan EM, Vohra F, Abduljabbar T, Heboyan A. Anti-fungal efficacy of Miswak Extract (Salvadora Persica) and commercial cleaner against Candida albicans on heat cured polymethylmethacrylate denture base. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2023; 21:22808000231165666. [PMID: 37128650 DOI: 10.1177/22808000231165666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to compare the antifungal efficacy between commercial cleaner (Corega) and Miswak extract (Salvadora persica) against Candida albicans on heat cured Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) acrylic denture base resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight samples of heat cured PMMA acrylic denture base resin were fabircated in the study. The sterile acrylic resin specimens were immersed in standardized cell suspension of Candida albicans and incubated for 60 min at 370°C for cell adhesion and 2 h at 370°C for biofilm formation. After 24 h biofilm was evaluated by cell viability (CFUs) on SDA and cell counting of Candida albicans under light microscope at 400× magnification. The fungicidal effect of commercial cleaner and Miswak extract on Candida albicans biofilm was then evaluated by colony-forming units on SDA and cell counting under light microscope at 400× magnification. RESULTS Screening test agar disk-diffusion assay showed mean inhibitory zone of 3 mm for commercial cleaner as compared to Miswak extract, which showed mean inhibitory zone of 2 and 1 mm for different concentrations. Broth microdilution method showed 31 mg/ml MIC and 62.5 mg/ml Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) values for commercial cleaner as compared to Miswak extract that showed 125 mg/ml MIC and 250 mg/ml MFC values against Candida albicans. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between pre and post treatment of both commercial cleaner and Miswak extract, for CFUs and cell count for Candida albicans. CONCLUSION Commercial denture cleaner (Corega) showed better antifungal (C albicans) activity than Miswak extract (Salvadora persica) on heat cured PMMA acrylic denture base resin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Wajdan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Aslam
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Rafat Amin
- Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Khan
- Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Naseer Ahmed
- Department of Prosthodontics, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Abhishek Lal
- Department of Prosthodontics, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Eman M AlHamdan
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Artak Heboyan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ramli H, Nor Aripin KN, Mohd Said S, Mohamad Hanafiah R, Mohd Dom TN. The effectiveness of miswak (Salvadora persica L. and Azadirachta indica A.Juss.) practices in reducing plaque and gingivitis among adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115598. [PMID: 35944735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvadora persica L. and Azadirachtaindica A.Juss. are listed within the most common sources of miswak or chewing stick that widely used among Western Asia and Muslim populations worldwide. Miswak use in conjunction with toothbrush (adjunctive) has become apparent among the adults. Furthermore, miswak has been reported to have mechanical and pharmacological activities, and benefits to the oral health, by many studies. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the effectiveness of miswak in maintaining periodontal health among adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of miswak published in PubMed, EBSCOHOST (Dentistry & Oral Sciences), SCOPUS, and Cochrane Database for Systematic Review (CDSR) from inception to May 08, 2022. The primary outcomes of interest were changes in the periodontal health measured with plaque and gingivitis scores as well as subgingival bacteria load. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach while the estimates of effect were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS Ten eligible articles were identified, of which 9 could be analysed quantitatively. The remaining report was included as part of the qualitative analysis. The meta-analysis showed that miswak was comparable with the toothbrush in reducing the mean plaque score (p= 0.08, SMD: 0.39, and 95% CI: -0.05 to 0.83) and mean gingivitis score (p= 0.37, SMD: 0.13, and 95% CI: -0.16 to 0.43). Even higher certainty of evidence for the effect of miswak on mean plaque reduction on labial surface of anterior teeth. However, the adjunctive effect of miswak was significantly more superior for reducing plaque (p= 0.01, SMD: 0.68, and 95% CI: 0.14 to 1.22) and gingivitis score (p= 0.04, SMD: 0.66, and 95% CI: 0.03 to 1.29). CONCLUSIONS Miswak effectively reduced plaque and gingivitis scores to a level comparable to toothbrush when used exclusively. Adjunctive miswak use was particularly effective in improving periodontal health. However, the included studies inadequately reported on the method of toothbrushing using miswak and the frequency of miswak use. Therefore, further clinical studies are recommended to explore on the advantages and proper method of miswak practice for optima outcome and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haslinda Ramli
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Periodontology and Community Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Pandan Indah, 55100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Khairun Nain Nor Aripin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences II, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Putra Nilai, 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
| | - Shahida Mohd Said
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Rohazila Mohamad Hanafiah
- Department of Basic Science and Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Pandan Indah, 55100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Tuti Ningseh Mohd Dom
- Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Popek R, Mahawar L, Shekhawat GS, Przybysz A. Phyto-cleaning of particulate matter from polluted air by woody plant species in the near-desert city of Jodhpur (India) and the role of heme oxygenase in their response to PM stress conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:70228-70241. [PMID: 35585451 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20769-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is one of the most dangerous pollutants in the air. Urban vegetation, especially trees and shrubs, accumulates PM and reduces its concentration in ambient air. The aim of this study was to examine 10 tree and shrub species common for the Indian city of Jodhpur (Rajasthan) located on the edge of the Thar Desert and determine (1) the accumulation of surface and in-wax PM (both in three different size fractions), (2) the amount of epicuticular waxes on foliage, (3) the concentrations of heavy metals (Cd and Cu) on/in the leaves of the examined species, and (4) the level of heme oxygenase enzyme in leaves that accumulate PM and heavy metals. Among the investigated species, Ficus religiosa L. and Cordia myxa L. accumulated the greatest amount of total PM. F. religiosa is a tall tree with a lush, large crown and leaves with wavy edge, convex veins, and long petioles, while C. myxa have hairy leaves with convex veins. The lowest PM accumulation was recorded for drought-resistant Salvadora persica L. and Azadirachta indica A. Juss., which is probably due to their adaptation to growing conditions. Heavy metals (Cu and Cd) were found in the leaves of almost every examined species. The accumulation of heavy metals (especially Cu) was positively correlated with the amount of PM deposited on the foliage. A new finding of this study indicated a potentially important role of HO in the plants' response to PM-induced stress. The correlation between HO and PM was stronger than that between HO and HMs. The results obtained in this study emphasise the role of plants in cleaning polluted air in conditions where there are very high concentrations of PM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Popek
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Lovely Mahawar
- Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, 342001, India
| | - Gyan Singh Shekhawat
- Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, 342001, India
| | - Arkadiusz Przybysz
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Singh PK, Easwari TS. Natural Medicines as Gastro-protective Therapy in the Treatment of Peptic Ulcer: A Multifaceted Approach. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666220304150152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders are the ailments of the digestive tract that affect its function like digestion, absorption and excretion. The dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract may occur due to infections by bacteria, parasites and viruses. Peptic Ulcer Disease is a gastrointestinal tract disorder of stomach and duodenum that is associated with infection of Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter pylori is regarded as the worldwide causative agent responsible for the etiology of peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma. The existing drug therapies are good healers in this situation, but due to resistance problems and side effects of drugs, researchers have been working to find out some safe alternatives. Interestingly, the medicinal herbs have been used for treating several disorders, including peptic ulcers and are considered an effective and safer alternative to existing drugs. It is also considered as an eco-friendly, easily available, safe, and less toxic traditional treatment therapy. The combination of herbal medicines with natural products has been shown effective in treating peptic ulcers. In this review, the medicinal plants used against H. pylori infection have been discussed. The mechanism of herbal drugs in healing peptic ulcers by inhibition of H+ K+ ATPase pump, secretion of gastric acid and gastric mucosal protection have also elaborated. The phytochemicals responsible for biological activity have been summarized in the present article. The combination of herbs and natural products in the form of the polyherbal formulation may also be helpful as an effective therapy for treating peptic ulcers. Medicinal plants may offer the researchers new chemical molecules to explore as future drugs or as biochemical agents to unravel the etiology of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pranjal Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, IIMT College of Medical Sciences, IIMT University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India - 201012
| | - T. S. Easwari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, IIMT College of Medical Sciences, IIMT University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India - 201012
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Underutilized Fruit Crops of Indian Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: Importance, Conservation and Utilization Strategies. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, there is a large demand for nutrient-dense fruits to promote nutritional and metabolic human health. The production of commercial fruit crops is becoming progressively input-dependent to cope with the losses caused by biotic and abiotic stresses. A wide variety of underutilized crops, which are neither commercially cultivated nor traded on a large scale, are mainly grown, commercialized and consumed locally. These underutilized fruits have many advantages in terms of ease to grow, hardiness and resilience to climate changes compared to the major commercially grown crops. In addition, they are exceptionally rich in important phytochemicals and have medicinal value. Hence, their consumption may help to meet the nutritional needs of rural populations, such as those living in fragile arid and semi-arid regions around the world. In addition, local people are well aware of the nutritional and medicinal properties of these crops. Therefore, emphasis must be given to the rigorous study of the conservation and the nutritional characterization of these crops so that the future food basket may be widened for enhancing its functional and nutritional values. In this review, we described the ethnobotany, medicinal and nutritional values, biodiversity conservation and utilization strategies of 19 climate-resilient important, underutilized fruit crops of arid and semi-arid regions (Indian jujube, Indian gooseberry, lasora, bael, kair, karonda, tamarind, wood apple, custard apple, jamun, jharber, mahua, pilu, khejri, mulberry, chironji, manila tamarind, timroo, khirni).
Collapse
|
12
|
Biocompatibility and Antibacterial Action of Salvadora persica Extract as Intracanal Medication (In Vitro and Ex Vivo Experiment). MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15041373. [PMID: 35207914 PMCID: PMC8878108 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to test the biocompatibility and antibacterial properties of Salvadora persica (S. persica) extract, a natural product, as an intracanal medication in comparison with calcium hydroxide (Metapaste, META BIOMED, Cheongju, Korea). The pH values of both materials were tested. The biocompatibility of S. persica extract and Metapaste was determined using light microscopy and MTT assays. The antibacterial action was tested using the zone of bacterial inhibition on four common bacterial species. In addition, intracanal medication was administered using 68 extracted single-rooted teeth contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), and the percentage reduction in colony count (% RCC) at 1, 3, and 7 days was measured. The extension of activity for both materials was assessed using histological sections and scanning electron microscopy. S. persica was found to be acidic in nature. Both materials showed significantly lower cell viability than the positive control cells on days 1 and 3 but not on day 7. S. persica showed better antibacterial effects against E. faecalis and S. mutans. S. persica extract showed 97.6%, 98.9%, and 99.3% RCC values at 1, 3, and 7 days, respectively, which are comparable to those of Metapaste. S. persica herbal extract is a promising material that can be utilized as an intracanal medication, but its use requires further research.
Collapse
|
13
|
Arshad H, Sadaf S, Hassan U. De-novo fabrication of sunlight irradiated silver nanoparticles and their efficacy against E. coli and S. epidermidis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:676. [PMID: 35027620 PMCID: PMC8758773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04674-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) gained significant attention due to their activity against microbial pathogens, cancer cells, and viral particles etc. Traditional fabrication methods require hazardous chemicals as reducing agents and their usage and disposal pose a significant hazard to environmental ecosystem. Here, a de novo, robust, cost effective and an eco-friendly method is reported to fabricate AgNPs irradiated with sunlight (SL) while using Salvadora persica root extract (SPE) as reducing agent. Sunlight (SL) irradiated S. persica silver nanoparticles (SpNPs) i.e., SL-SpNPs were characterized using multiple techniques and their antibacterial efficacy was evaluated. The SL-SpNPs were synthesized in 10 min. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed their spherical morphology with a size range of 4.5-39.7 nm, while surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaked at 425 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis suggested that the reduction of SL-SpNPs was due to the presence of phytochemicals in the SPE. Furthermore, X-ray powder diffraction (P-XRD) pattern depicted the crystal structure of SL-SpNPs, hence proving the presence of AgNPs. Further the antibacterial studies were carried out against Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228) using Kirby Bauer method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for E. coli were determined to be 1.5 μg/mL and 3.0 μg/mL respectively while MIC and MBC values for S. epidermidis were found to be 12.5 μg/mL and 25 μg/mL respectively. The solar irradiation-based fabrication method and resulting SL-SpNPs can find their utility in many biomedical and environmental applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Arshad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, 54590, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Biology, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Sadaf
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, 54590, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Umer Hassan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
- Global Health Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Benahmed AG, Gasmi A, Menzel A, Hrynovets I, Chirumbolo S, Shanaida M, Lysiuk R, Shanaida Y, Dadar M, Bjørklund G. A review on natural teeth whitening. J Oral Biosci 2021; 64:49-58. [PMID: 34915121 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discoloration of teeth occurs for various reasons. Common ingredients like substances from tea and coffee, as well as antibiotics like tetracycline, or food dyes, can percolate into the teeth, and, as such, these stains may persist in the porous structure of the enamel. Smoking is also contributory to dental discoloration, with toxins of tobacco smoke accumulating in a similar way. With aging, teeth tend to be discolored with accumulation of various stains in addition to the enamel gradually eroding to expose the yellow dentin. HIGHLIGHT This review focused on the effect of several natural ingredients with teeth-whitening properties and their daily clinical application. Metabolic dental bleaching mechanisms, as well as tooth discoloration and decay, were also reviewed. The current scientific literature (mostly from 2000 to 2020) was consolidated from manuscripts retrieved from Scopus, PubMed, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar. CONCLUSION Natural teeth whitening effectively lightens the natural color of teeth without eroding dental surfaces. On the other hand, commercially available whiteners containing hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide, in high concentrations, can lead to deproteinization and demineralization of teeth through oxidation processes. If used extensively, these compounds may cause a number of adverse effects. Alternative natural teeth-whiteners include ingredients like lemons, strawberries, oranges, papaya, and other fruits. Such natural ingredients offer a milder and safer way of whitening teeth than whiteners containing hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Ihor Hrynovets
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine; CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; CONEM Scientific Secretary, Verona, Italy
| | - Mariia Shanaida
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Roman Lysiuk
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine; CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Yurii Shanaida
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo I Rana, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mathew T, John SK, Javali MV. Essential oils and cluster headache: insights from two cases. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e243812. [PMID: 34373243 PMCID: PMC8354251 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-243812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils with proconvulsive properties are known to cause seizures and may worsen migraine. Here, we report two cases of cluster headache temporally related to the use of toothpastes containing essential oils of camphor and eucalyptus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mathew
- Department of Neurology, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Saji Kaithavalappil John
- Department of Neurology, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahendra Vishwanath Javali
- Department of Neurology, M S Ramaiah Academy of Health and Applied Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Beneficial Role of Antioxidant Secondary Metabolites from Medicinal Plants in Maintaining Oral Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071061. [PMID: 34209152 PMCID: PMC8300643 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived phytochemicals have been touted as viable substitutes in a variety of diseases. All over the world, dentists have turned to natural remedies for dental cure due to the negative possessions of certain antibacterial mediators used in dentistry. Antimicrobial and other drugs are currently in use, but they show some side effects. Since ancient times, antioxidant EOs have been used for different ailments and have grown in popularity over time. Several in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials have shown the safety and effectiveness of antioxidant essential oils (EOs) in oral health obtained from medicinal plants. The current review of literature provides a summary of secondary metabolites, more specifically EOs from 20 most commonly used medicinal plants and their applications in maintaining oral health. Dental caries and periodontal diseases are the most common and preventable global infectious diseases, with diseases of the oral cavity being considered major diseases affecting a person's health. Several clinical studies have shown a connection between oral diseases and oral microbiota. This review discusses the role of antioxidant secondary metabolites in inhibiting the growth of oral pathogens and reducing the formation of dental plaque, and as well as reducing the symptoms of oral diseases. This review article contributes a basic outline of essential oils and their healing actions.
Collapse
|
17
|
Mekhemar M, Geib M, Kumar M, Radha, Hassan Y, Dörfer C. Salvadora persica: Nature's Gift for Periodontal Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:712. [PMID: 33946353 PMCID: PMC8146554 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvadora persica (SP) extract, displays very valuable biotherapeutic capacities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory effects. Numerous investigations have studied the pharmacologic actions of SP in oral disease therapies but its promising outcomes in periodontal health and treatment are not yet entirely described. The current study has been planned to analyze the reported effects of SP as a support to periodontal therapy to indorse regeneration and healing. In consort with clinical trials, in vitro investigations show the advantageous outcomes of SP adjunctive to periodontal treatment. Yet, comprehensive supplementary preclinical and clinical investigations at molecular and cellular levels are indispensable to reveal the exact therapeutic mechanisms of SP and its elements for periodontal health and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mekhemar
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrecht’s University, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (Y.H.); (C.D.)
| | - Mathias Geib
- Dr. Geib Private Dental Clinic, Frankfurter Landstraße 79, 61352 Bad Homburg, Germany;
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR—Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India;
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India;
| | - Yasmine Hassan
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrecht’s University, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (Y.H.); (C.D.)
| | - Christof Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrecht’s University, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (Y.H.); (C.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ibrahim II, Moussa AA, Chen Z, Zhang J, Cao WG, Yu C. Bioactive phenolic components and antioxidant activities of water-based extracts and flavonoid-rich fractions from Salvadora persica L. leaves. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:2591-2594. [PMID: 33858274 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1908281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Salvadora persica L. (Sp) has been widely used as folk medicine. This study aimed to identify and assess the significant phenolics' antioxidant activities in young (S1) and old (S2) leaves of Sp. Six flavonoids; isoquercitrin, kaempferol-3-neohesperidoside, myricetin-3-galactoside, apigenin-O-hexoside, isorhamnetin and isorhamnetin-3-neohesperidoside, were identified for the first time in Sp leaves using LC-ESI-QTOF MS/MS analysis. The flavonoid-rich fraction obtained after purification of S1 (S1TF7) has the highest TFC (358.88 ± 0.12 mg rutin equivalent/g) and TPC (180.82 ± 0.82 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) and exhibits significant (p < 0.05) free-radical scavenging activity in DPPH(IC50% = 14.64 ± 0.29 µg/mL) and ABTS (IC50% = 200.41 ± 1.85 µg/mL) assays which was similar to Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as a positive control (IC50% =12.94 ± 0.10 µg/mL and IC50% = 190.47 ± 8.93 µg/mL, respectively). Also, S1TF7 inhibits Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated ROS production in raw-cell-264.7 with no significant toxicity at 200 µg/mL (p > 0.05). The study concludes that S1TF7 can serve as a mean to prevent oxidative diseases, and it merits further pharmacological investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Issa Issoufou Ibrahim
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.,Département de Biologie, FAST, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Niamey, Niger
| | - Ag Arya Moussa
- Département de Biologie, FAST, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Niamey, Niger
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Wei-Guo Cao
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chao Yu
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Arshad H, Sami MA, Sadaf S, Hassan U. Salvadora persica mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial efficacy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5996. [PMID: 33727607 PMCID: PMC7966387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85584-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit strong antimicrobial properties against many pathogens. Traditionally employed chemical methods for AgNPs synthesis are toxic for the environment. Here, we report a quicker, simpler, and environmentally benign process to synthesize AgNPs by using an aqueous 'root extract' of Salvadora persica (Sp) plant as a reducing agent. The synthesized Salvadora persica nano particles (SpNPs) showed significantly higher antimicrobial efficacy compared to earlier reported studies. We characterized SpNPs using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and X-ray powder diffraction (P-XRD). UV-Vis spectrum showed the highest absorbance at 420 nm. FTIR analysis depicts presence of bond stretching including OH- (3300 cm-1), C=N- (2100 cm-1) and NH- (1630 cm-1) which are attributed in the involvement of phenolics, proteins or nitrogenous compounds in reduction and stabilization of AgNPs. TEM, FE-SEM and DLS analysis revealed the spherical and rod nature of SpNPs and an average size of particles as 37.5 nm. XRD analysis showed the presence of the cubic structure of Ag which confirmed the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. To demonstrate antimicrobial efficacy, we evaluated SpNPs antimicrobial activity against two bacterial pathogens (Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228)). SpNPs showed a significantly high inhibition for both pathogens and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were found to be 0.39 µg/mL and 0.78 µg/mL for E. coli while 0.19 µg/mL and 0.39 µg/mL for S. epidermidis respectively. Further, Syto 16 staining of bacterial cells provided a supplemental confirmation of the antimicrobial efficacy as the bacterial cells treated with SpNPs stop to fluoresce compared to the untreated bacterial cells. Our highly potent SpNPs will likely have a great potential for many antimicrobial applications including wound healing, water purification, air filtering and other biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Arshad
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Biology, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad A Sami
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Saima Sadaf
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Umer Hassan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
- Global Health Institute, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fouda MS, Hendawey MH, Hegazi GA, Sharada HM, El-Arabi NI, Attia ME, Soliman ERS. Nanoparticles induce genetic, biochemical, and ultrastructure variations in Salvadora persica callus. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:27. [PMID: 33559794 PMCID: PMC7873148 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvadora persica is an endangered medicinal plant due to difficulties in its traditional propagation. It is rich in bioactive compounds that possess many pharmaceutical, antimicrobial activities and widely used in folk medicine. The current study aims at in vitro propagation of Salvadora persica and the application of different nanoparticles (NPs) to induce the synthesis of bioactive and secondary metabolites within the plant. The cellular and genetic responses to the application of different NPs were evaluated. RESULTS The impact of nanoparticles NPs (ZnO, SiO2, and Fe3O4) on callus growth of Salvadora persica and the production of its active constituent benzyl isothiocyanate was examined, regarding some oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes, and genetic variabilities. An encouraging impact of 0.5 mg/l ZnO NPs on benzyl isothiocyanate production was shown reaching up to 0.905 mg/g callus fresh weight in comparison to 0.539 mg/g in control callus. This was associated with decreasing hydrogen peroxide content and increasing superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities. The deposition of the NPs on cellular organelles was detected using a transmission microscope. Fifteen Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) primers detected an overall, 79.1% polymorphism among different treatments. A reduction in genomic DNA template stability (GTS) was made and was more pronounced in higher doses of different NPs. CONCLUSION This study is a stepping stone in developing a productive protocol for in vitro production of benzyl isothiocyanate from Salvadora persica using NPs as a valuable anticancer compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manar S Fouda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Hendawey
- Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada A Hegazi
- Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hayat M Sharada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagwa I El-Arabi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Attia
- Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elham R S Soliman
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Unit, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abu-Odeh AM, Talib WH. Middle East Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Diabetes: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:742. [PMID: 33572627 PMCID: PMC7867005 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a global health problem, and the number of diabetic patients is in continuous rise. Conventional antidiabetic therapies are associated with high costs and limited efficiency. The use of traditional medicine and plant extracts to treat diabetes is gaining high popularity in many countries. Countries in the Middle East region have a long history of using herbal medicine to treat different diseases, including diabetes. In this review, we compiled and summarized all the in vivo and in vitro studies conducted for plants with potential antidiabetic activity in the Middle East region. Plants of the Asteraceae and Lamiaceae families are the most investigated. It is hoped that this review will contribute scientifically to evidence the ethnobotanical use of medicinal plants as antidiabetic agents. Work has to be done to define tagetes, mechanism of action and the compound responsible for activity. In addition, safety and pharmacokinetic parameters should be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa M. Abu-Odeh
- Department of pharmaceutical sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Wamidh H. Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Faruk EM, Nafea OE, Fouad H, Ebrahim UFA, Hasan RAA. Possible healing effects of Salvadora persica extract (MISWAK) and laser therapy in a rabbit model of a caustic-induced tongue ulcers: histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical study. J Mol Histol 2020; 51:341-352. [PMID: 32472334 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09884-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Caustic ingestion is a potentially detrimental event that can cause serious devastating damage on contact with tissues. Local exposure is associated with severe pain, swelling and ulceration. Caustics-induced oral ulcers can be painful enough to compromise the patient's quality of life. Treatment of oral ulcers is crucial in clinical practice. Albeit, some ulcers do not respond adequately to the conventional treatment. The current study was conducted to evaluate the potential healing effects of topical Salvadora persica (SP) extract, low-level laser (LLL) and high-level laser (HLL) therapies in a rabbit model of caustic-induced tongue ulcers and explore the underlying mechanisms. Fifty male rabbits with a caustic induced tongue ulcers were included in the study. Rabbits were equally divided into four groups: positive control (ulcer) group, SP, LLL and HLL groups in addition to the negative control (healthy) group. All treatments were given thrice weekly for 14 days. Results showed that acetic acid-induced tongue ulcers caused extensive structural tongue damage secondary to overexpression of apoptotic BAX, pathological angiogenesis indicated by VEGF overexpression, marked collagen fibers deposition as well as upregulation of tissue pro-inflammatory TNF-α and upregulation of tissue anti-inflammatory IL-10. The healing potential of topical SP, LLL and HLL therapy are mostly comparable. In conclusion, acetic acid-induced extensive tongue damage. Topical SP extract, LLL and HLL are equally effective therapies against caustics-induced tongue ulcers. However, we recommend SP extract, owing to its safety, non-invasiveness, availability and low cost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Mohamed Faruk
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
| | - Ola Elsayed Nafea
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hanan Fouad
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Rehab Abd Allah Hasan
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls (AFMG), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Miswak and oral health: An evidence-based review. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1801-1810. [PMID: 32565699 PMCID: PMC7296476 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor oral health has been associated with several chronic and systemic disease. Currently, the most common method of teeth cleaning is the use of a toothbrush together with dentifrices. However, natural chewing stick such as S. persica miswak is still used in many developing countries due to their low cost and availability. The present review aims to summarize the evidences on effectiveness of miswak in promoting oral health. The search was performed using Medline via Ebscohost, Scopus and Google Scholar database to obtain relevant articles published between 2010 to May 2020 using the following set of keywords 1) Miswak OR Salvadora OR persica AND 2) dental OR caries OR plaque OR oral OR orthodontics. Isolated microbial inhibition studies were excluded from the review due to its well-established wealth of literature. Miswak was administered as ten different forms, namely mouthwash, toothpaste, chewing stick, essential oil, aqueous extract, ethanol extract, probiotic spray, dental varnish, dental cement or chewing gum. All studies reported a positive effect of miswak as an anti-plaque, anti-gingivitis, anti-cariogenic, promotion of gingival wound healing, whitening properties, orthodontic chain preservation, and biocompatibility with oral cells. Miswak in its different forms demonstrated positive effect towards oral health maintenance and management.
Collapse
|
24
|
Khan M, Alkhathlan HZ, Khan ST. Antibiotic and Antibiofilm Activities of Salvadora persica L. Essential Oils against Streptococcus mutans: A Detailed Comparative Study with Chlorhexidine Digluconate. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9010066. [PMID: 31963342 PMCID: PMC7169458 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of organic components from plants as an alternative antimicrobial agent is becoming popular due to the development of drug-resistance in various pathogens. Essential oils from fresh (MF-1) and dried (MD-1) roots of Salvadora persica L. were extracted and benzyl isothiocynate was determined as their chief constituent using GC-MS and GC-FID. The antibiofilm and antimicrobial activities of MD-1 and MF-1 against Streptococcus mutans a dental caries causing bacteria were determined using multiple assays. These activities were compared with chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) and clove oil, well known antimicrobial agents for oral hygiene. Essential oils demonstrated IC50 values (10–11 µg/mL) comparable to that of CHX, showed a significant reduction (82 ± 7–87 ± 6%) of the biofilm formation at a very low concentration. These results were supported by RT-PCR studies showing change in the expression levels of AtlE, gtfB, ymcA and sodA genes involved in autolysis, biofilm formation and oxidative stress, respectively. The results presented in this study show the robust bactericidal and antibiofilm activity of MD-1 and MF-1 against S. mutans which is comparable to Chlorhexidine digluconate. Our results suggest that these essential oils can be as effective as CHX and hence can serve as a good alternative antimicrobial agent for oral hygiene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merajuddin Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.); (H.Z.A.)
| | - Hamad Z. Alkhathlan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.); (H.Z.A.)
| | - Shams Tabrez Khan
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 2002002 UP, India
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Miri A, Sarani M, Khatami M. Nickel-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles: biosynthesis, cytotoxicity and UV protection studies. RSC Adv 2020; 10:3967-3977. [PMID: 35492632 PMCID: PMC9048992 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09076b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to obtain NixCe1−xO2 (where x = 0, 1, 3 and 5% w/w) nanoparticles using Salvadora persica extracts through an easy, inexpensive and non-toxic method. The biosynthesized nanoparticles have been characterized via powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis. The results of PXRD showed that Ni doping in the CeO2 process generated a higher shift at an angle of (111); also, the PXRD patterns were surveyed by the Rietveld refinement technique. Raman analysis revealed that doping nickel in CeO2 led to the nanoparticles reducing the intensity of the F2g mode. The FESEM images showed that the particle size was 5–6 nm and it had a spherical shape. The hysteresis loops of the synthesized nanoparticles were similar to that of the normal ferromagnetic materials. The cytotoxic activity of the synthesized undoped and Ni-doped CeO2-NPs was determined using MTT assays against a colon cancer cell line (HT-29). The results showed that the cytotoxic effect of the synthesized nanoparticles changed after doping nickel in CeO2-NPs. The increase in the Ni-doping value for CeO2-NPs increased the cytotoxic activity. The sun protection factor (SPF) has been estimated through spectrophotometric measurements for determining UV protection. This showed that increasing the percentage of nickel in the doped nanoparticles increased the protection factor and a higher SPF value was obtained: 48.52. This study was conducted to obtain NixCe1−xO2 (where x = 0, 1, 3 and 5% w/w) nanoparticles using Salvadora persica extracts through an easy, inexpensive and non-toxic method.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdolhossein Miri
- Department of Pharmacognosy
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Zabol University of Medical Sciences
- Zabol
- Iran
| | - Mina Sarani
- NanoBioEletrochemistry Research Center
- Bam University of Medical Sciences
- Bam
- Iran
| | - Mehrdad Khatami
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz
- Iran
- Student Research Committee
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ali S, Abdelhalim A. Removal of amprolium from water by roots and seeds ash of Salvadora persica. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2020.1850623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samah Ali
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
- The National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abeer Abdelhalim
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mortazavi S, Aslani A, Babaee M, Hajiahmadi M. Persica Chewing Gum Effects on Saliva Fluoride Concentration and Flow Rate: A Triple-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. Contemp Clin Dent 2019; 10:117-122. [PMID: 32015653 PMCID: PMC6974992 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_509_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Dental caries is a prevalent disease worldwide. Salvadora persica or Miswak could be a source of fluoride and has caries preventive effects. Aims: The aim of this study was to compare saliva fluoride concentration and flow rate after using Persica and sodium fluoride chewing gums. Settings and Design: In a triple-blind crossover randomized trial, 44 healthy volunteers (21–25 year old) were recruited according to the inclusion criteria and were randomly allocated into two groups (22 each). Participants and Methods: This study was performed within two sets of trial with a 10-day washout period. Participants (subjects) were followed a running period and matched for trial confounders. Saliva samples were collected under controlled conditions at similar time (11 am) within baseline, 5, 10, 20, and 45 min intervals preceded by 5-min chewing of Persica or sodium fluoride chewing gum. Saliva samples were analyzed for fluoride ion using hexamethyldisiloxane diffusion method. Statistical Analysis Used: Saliva flow rate (ml/min) and mean fluoride concentration (ppm) during different time periods in two types of gum were compared using ANOVA-repeated measures (P < 0.05). Results: The difference in total means of stimulated saliva flow rates between two Persica and sodium fluoride gum intervention groups was statistically significant (P = 0.048); however, difference of fluoride concentrations was not statistically significant (P = 0.244). Conclusions: Chewing Persica containing gum released fluoride ions in saliva and increased saliva flow rate comparable with sodium fluoride chewing gum use as a gold standard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Mortazavi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Aslani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrnoush Babaee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Hajiahmadi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Patel M, Raval M, Joshi M, Sanandia J. High-performance thin-layer chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography methods for fingerprinting of Salvadora persica root powder extract using benzyl isothiocyanate as biomarker. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2018. [DOI: 10.1556/1006.2018.31.6.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Mihir Raval
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Mansi Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Jalpa Sanandia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Patel SS, Raghuwanshi R, Masood M, Acharya A, Jain SK. Medicinal plants with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:491-529. [PMID: 29303784 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease, is characterised by hypofunction of acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter in the distinct region of brain. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an enzyme that metabolises the ACh at synaptic cleft resulting in Alzheimer's disease. Medicinal plants have been used to treat numerous ailments and improve human health from ancient time. A traditional system of medicine is long recognised for its effective management of neurological disorders. The present review confers the scope of some common medicinal plants with a special focus on AChE-mediated central nervous system complications especially Alzheimer's disease. Literature suggests that medicinal plants reduce neuronal dysfunctions by reducing AChE activity in different brain regions. In some instances, activation of AChE activity by medicinal plants also showed therapeutic potential. In conclusion, medicinal plants have a wide scope and possess therapeutic potential to efficiently manage neurological disorders associated with AChE dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sita Sharan Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Sagar Institute of Research and Technology-Pharmacy, Bhopal 462041, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ramsaneh Raghuwanshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Sagar Institute of Research and Technology-Pharmacy, Bhopal 462041, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Misha Masood
- Department of Pharmacology, Sagar Institute of Research and Technology-Pharmacy, Bhopal 462041, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology, Sagar Institute of Research and Technology-Pharmacy, Bhopal 462041, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Surendra Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, Sagar Institute of Research and Technology-Pharmacy, Bhopal 462041, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Aumeeruddy MZ, Zengin G, Mahomoodally MF. A review of the traditional and modern uses of Salvadora persica L. (Miswak): Toothbrush tree of Prophet Muhammad. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 213:409-444. [PMID: 29196134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvadora persica L., also known as Arak (in Arabic) and Peelu (in Urdu), is the most common traditional source of tooth or chewing stick (miswak) highly recommended by Prophet Muhammad. To date, extensive studies have probed primarily into the validation of its traditional uses in oral care. Nonetheless, there is still a dearth of updated compilation and critical analysis of other potential ethnopharmacological properties of S. persica. This review therefore aims to provide an up-to-date detailed structured description of the traditional uses of S. persica and a critical analysis of its modern uses, highlighting its phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, and bioapplications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Various databases (Science Direct, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar), books, and relevant primary sources were probed, surveyed, analysed, and included in this review. The literature cited in this review dated from 1979 to 2017. RESULTS S. persica was found to possess a plethora of bioactive compounds and broad pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory activity, antiulcer, anticonvulsant, sedative, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antiosteoporosis, and antitumor activities. Studies also revealed the potential use of S. persica as a natural food preservative and a novel functional food ingredient. In addition, improvement in growth and reproductive performances have been observed by the introduction of S. persica in animal feed. Lastly, S. persica has also been used in the green synthesis of nanoparticles showing potential biotechnological applications. CONCLUSION S. persica showed a wide scope of application and its uses have been extended far beyond the initial traditional uses of its roots, stems, and twigs in oral care. We found a number of other ethnopharmacological uses and potential bioapplications of different parts of S. persica that warrants further investigations. Though widely studied using several in vitro and in vivo models, and tested clinically for oral hygiene mainly, several gaps and research priorities have been identified which needs to be addressed in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42250 Konya, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Siddeeqh S, Parida A, Jose M, Pai V. Estimation of Antimicrobial Properties of Aqueous and Alcoholic Extracts of Salvadora Persica ( Miswak) on Oral Microbial Pathogens - An Invitro Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:FC13-FC16. [PMID: 27790459 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/22213.8524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Twigs of Salvadora persica (Miswak) plant are being used as a means of oral hygiene since ages for brushing teeth. Though clinical research and trials have shown promising results on effectiveness of Miswak, but some reports are conflicting. AIM To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of crude aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Salvadora persica (Miswak) against the common microbial pathogens causing dental caries and periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study of one year duration was conducted in Yenopoya dental and medical college, Mangalore. The twigs of Salvadora persica were collected and alcoholic and aqueous extracts were prepared using standard techniques. The antimicrobial properties of the extracts against common oral pathogens like Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, Candida albicans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Prevotella intermedia, & Peptostreptococcus were performed by agar well diffusion method and two fold broth dilution method. RESULTS No significant results was obtained when water extracts of Salvadora persica was tested except for minimum inhibitory effect against Streptococcus mutans, Prevotella intermedia & Peptostreptococcus and Candida albicans. Relatively significant inhibitory effect was noted with respect to alcoholic extract of Salvadora persica. CONCLUSION Although comparatively less than chlorhexidine which is a known antimicrobial agent, the alcoholic extracts of Salvadora persica showed antimicrobial effect against the common microbial pathogens causing dental caries and periodontitis indicating a potential beneficial effect of this plant. However, further research with more standardized extraction procedure and advanced techniques is required to find out the exact chemicals responsible for the antimicrobial properties of the plant extract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salman Siddeeqh
- Assistant Professor, Department Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Century Dental College , Kasargod, Kerala, India
| | - Amrita Parida
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangaluru, Manipal University , Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Maji Jose
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Yenepoya Dental College , Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vidya Pai
- Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, Yenepoya Medical College , Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sheikh BY. The role of prophetic medicine in the management of diabetes mellitus: A review of literature. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
|
33
|
Kumari A, Parida AK. Metabolite profiling of the leaf extract reveals the antioxidant and nutraceuticals potential of the halophyte Salvadora persica. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08415j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolite profiling and antioxidant properties of the halophyteSalvadora persicareveal this plant as a source of non-conventional food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asha Kumari
- Palnt Omics Division
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI)
- Bhavnagar-364002
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - Asish Kumar Parida
- Palnt Omics Division
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI)
- Bhavnagar-364002
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rezaei S, Rezaei K, Mahboubi M, Jarahzadeh MH, Momeni E, Bagherinasab M, Targhi MG, Memarzadeh MR. Comparison the efficacy of herbal mouthwash with chlorhexidine on gingival index of intubated patients in Intensive Care Unit. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2016; 20:404-408. [PMID: 28298822 PMCID: PMC5341315 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.194269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intubated patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are not able to take care of their mouth health, so they are at risk of bacterial colonization and dental plaques formation that can lead to systemic diseases such as pneumonia and gingivitis. Aims: In randomized, double-blind clinical study, the efficacy of natural herbal mouthwash containing Salvadora persica ethanol extract and Aloe vera gel was compared with chlorhexidine on gingival index (GI) of intubated patients in ICU. Materials and Methods: Seventy-six intubated patients (18–64 years old with mean age 40.35 ± 13.2) in ICU were admitted to this study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: (1) Herbal mouthwash and (2) chlorhexidine solution. Before the intervention, the GIs was measured by modified GI device into two groups. The mouth was rinsed by mouthwashes every 2–3 h for 4 days. 2 h after the last intervention, GIs were determined. Results: Along with mechanical methods, herbal mouthwash in reducing GI was statistically significant than that of chlorhexidine (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study introduce a new botanical extract mouthwash with dominant healing effects on GI (1.5 ± 0.6) higher than that of synthetic mouthwash, chlorhexidine (2.31 ± 0.73).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahra Rezaei
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Korosh Rezaei
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mohaddese Mahboubi
- Department of Microbiology, Medicinal Plant, Research Center of Barij Essence, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Momeni
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mostafa Bagherinasab
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tabatabaei FS, Moezizadeh M, Javand F. Effects of extracts of Salvadora persica on proliferation and viability of human dental pulp stem cells. J Conserv Dent 2015; 18:315-20. [PMID: 26180418 PMCID: PMC4502129 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.159740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Efficacy of an ideal antimicrobial agent depends on its ability to eliminate microorganisms while causing minimal toxicity to host cells. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of ethanolic and water extracts of Salvadora persica (SP) on proliferation and viability of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this in-vitro study, the effects of seven concentrations of ethanolic and water extracts of SP (ranging from 5.75 mg/ml to 0.08 mg/ml) on hDPSCs were evaluated using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Water extract of SP only had cytotoxic effect at 5.75 mg/ml concentration; and caused significant cell proliferation at 1.43-0.08 mg/ml concentrations at 24 h (P < 0.05). At 48 h, only 0.17 and 0.08 mg/ml concentrations caused significant cell proliferation (P < 0.05). Ethanolic extract of SP at 5.75-1.43 mg/ml concentrations showed severe cytotoxic effects at 24 and 48 h. Other concentrations had no significant effects on cells (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The highest concentrations of both water and ethanolic extracts of SP had cytotoxic effects on hDPSCs. Water extract of SP has favorable effects on cell proliferation at specific concentrations in a time-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Sadat Tabatabaei
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Moezizadeh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Javand
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sukkarwalla A, Ali SM, Lundberg P, Tanwir F. Efficacy of miswak on oral pathogens. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2014; 10:314-20. [PMID: 24019798 PMCID: PMC3760353 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.115138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity harbors a diverse and abundant number of complex oral pathogens causing different oral diseases. The development of dental caries and periodontal diseases has been found to be closely associated with various gram positive and gram negative microrganisms. Miswak, a natural toothbrush, has been documented as a potent antibacterial aid and its use is encouraged in different countries because of its good taste, texture, availability, cost and beneficial effect on teeth and supporting tissues. Different researches have been carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of Miswak. This review encompasses the efficacy of Miswak on suppression of oral pathogens with respect to conducted on fungi as well as cariogenic, periodontal and endodontic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Sukkarwalla
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
The miswak (Salvadora persica L.) chewing stick: Cultural implications in oral health promotion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ksujds.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
38
|
Eissa TAF, Palomino OM, Carretero ME, Gómez-Serranillos MP. Ethnopharmacological study of medicinal plants used in the treatment of CNS disorders in Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 151:317-332. [PMID: 24184194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE To provide ethnopharmacological information on the use of medicinal plants for central nervous system (CNS) disorders in the Sinai Peninsula region (Egypt). To collect, analyze and evaluate the ethnobotanical knowledge about these medicinal plants in the Sinai Peninsula region with 61,000 km (2) and 379,000 inhabitants. METHODOLOGY Field work was concluded between March 2006 and May 2011, using semi-structured questionnaire with 700 informants (mean age: 59; 100% men) from 117 settlements of 17 Bedouin tribes. Transects walks in wild herbal plant collection areas and bibliographical review on the collected plants were also conducted. The Interview/ Inhabitant index (I/P), relative importance value of the species and informant consensus factor (FIC) were calculated. RESULTS More than 300 species were traditionally used in folk medicine in the Sinai Peninsula; 101 of these species belonging to 40 families were reported as useful in different CNS disorders. Only 5 species are endemic of the studied area. All different part plants were used, leaves and aerial parts being the most frequent. Most of the remedies were prepared as infusion or decoction, while oral administration was the most common way to be used. Gastrointestinal (67.3%) and respiratory disorders (42.57%) were also reported as frequently treated by Bedouins with herbal remedies. CONCLUSIONS Only a few species were found where the traditional use is supported by pharmacological studies (Acacia nilotica, Achillea fragrantissima, Ajuga iva or Mentha longifolia). No bibliographical references in the scientific literature were found for 22 species (21.78%); finally, several studies were published with different pharmacological activities than those provided by Bedouins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T A F Eissa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - O M Palomino
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M E Carretero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M P Gómez-Serranillos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|