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Peng C, Wang Y, Guo Y, Li J, Liu F, Fu Y, Yu Y, Zhang C, Fu J, Han F. A literature review on signaling pathways of cervical cancer cell death-apoptosis induced by Traditional Chinese Medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118491. [PMID: 38936644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cervical cancer (CC) is a potentially lethal disorder that can have serious consequences for a woman's health. Because early symptoms are typically only present in the middle to late stages of the disease, clinical diagnosis and treatment can be challenging. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been shown to have unique benefits in terms of alleviating cancer clinical symptoms, lowering the risk of recurrence after surgery, and reducing toxic side effects and medication resistance after radiation therapy. It has also been shown to improve the quality of life for patients. Because of its improved anti-tumor effectiveness and biosafety, it could be considered an alternative therapy option. This study examines how TCM causes apoptosis in CC cells via signal transduction, including the active components and medicinal tonics. It also intends to provide a reliable clinical basis and protocol selection for the TCM therapy of CC. METHODS The following search terms were employed in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, and other scientific databases to retrieve pertinent literature on "cervical cancer," "apoptosis," "signaling pathway," "traditional Chinese medicine," "herbal monomers," "herbal components," "herbal extracts," and "herbal formulas." RESULTS It has been demonstrated that herbal medicines can induce apoptosis in cells of the cervix, a type of cancer, by influencing the signaling pathways involved. CONCLUSION A comprehensive literature search was conducted, and 148 papers from the period between January 2017 and December 2023 were identified as eligible for inclusion. After a meticulous process of screening, elimination and summary, generalization, and analysis, it was found that TCM can regulate multiple intracellular signaling pathways and related molecular targets, such as STAT3, PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, MAPK, NF-κB, p53, HIF-1α, Fas/FasL and so forth. This regulatory capacity was observed to induce apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. The study of the mechanism of TCM against cervical cancer and the screening of new drug targets is of great significance for future research in this field. The results of this study will provide ideas and references for the future development of Chinese medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Fangyuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chengxin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jiangmei Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Fengjuan Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Park SY, Kim MW, Kang JH, Hwang JH, Choi H, Park J, Seong JK, Yoon YS, Oh SH. Loss of Ninjurin1 alleviates acetaminophen-induced liver injury via enhancing AMPKα-NRF2 pathway. Life Sci 2024; 350:122782. [PMID: 38848941 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP), a widely used pain and fever reliever, is a major contributor to drug-induced liver injury, as its toxic metabolites such as NAPQI induce oxidative stress and hepatic necrosis. While N-acetylcysteine serves as the primary treatment for APAP-induced liver injury (AILI), its efficacy is confined to a narrow window of 8-24 h post-APAP overdose. Beyond this window, liver transplantation emerges as the final recourse, prompting ongoing research to pinpoint novel therapeutic targets aimed at enhancing AILI treatment outcomes. Nerve injury-induced protein 1 (Ninjurin1; Ninj1), initially recognized as an adhesion molecule, has been implicated in liver damage stemming from factors like TNFα and ischemia-reperfusion. Nonetheless, its role in oxidative stress-related liver diseases, including AILI, remains unexplored. In this study, we observed up-regulation of Ninj1 expression in the livers of both human DILI patients and the AILI mouse model. Through the utilization of Ninj1 null mice, hepatocyte-specific Ninj1 KO mice, and myeloid-specific Ninj1 KO mice, we unveiled that the loss of Ninj1 in hepatocytes, rather than myeloid cells, exerts alleviative effects on AILI irrespective of sex dependency. Further in vitro experiments demonstrated that Ninj1 deficiency shields hepatocytes from APAP-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunctions, and cell death by bolstering NRF2 stability via activation of AMPKα. In summary, our findings imply that Ninj1 likely plays a role in AILI, and its deficiency confers protection against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity through the AMPKα-NRF2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Yong Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Woo Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21963, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ho Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21963, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21963, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21963, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Oh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Xu TT, Deng YY, Yu XY, Li M, Fu YY. Natural autophagy modulators in non-communicable diseases: from autophagy mechanisms to therapeutic potential. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01356-y. [PMID: 39090393 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01356-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are defined as a kind of diseases closely related to bad behaviors and lifestyles, e.g., cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes. Driven by population growth and aging, NCDs have become the biggest disease burden in the world, and it is urgent to prevent and control these chronic diseases. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that degrade cellular senescent or malfunctioning organelles in lysosomes. Mounting evidence has demonstrated a major role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and other major human diseases, suggesting that autophagy could be a candidate therapeutic target for NCDs. Natural products/phytochemicals are important resources for drugs against a wide variety of diseases. Recently, compounds from natural plants, such as resveratrol, curcumin, and ursolic acid, have been recognized as promising autophagy modulators. In this review, we address recent advances and the current status of the development of natural autophagy modulators in NCDs and provide an update of the latest in vitro and in vivo experiments that pave the way to clinical studies. Specifically, we focus on the relationship between natural autophagy modulators and NCDs, with an intent to identify natural autophagy modulators with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Xu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug for Thoracic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Ying-Yi Deng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug for Thoracic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug for Thoracic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Min Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Fu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug for Thoracic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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4
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Lo TH, Weng IC, Chen HL, Liu FT. The role of galectins in the regulation of autophagy and inflammasome in host immunity. Semin Immunopathol 2024; 46:6. [PMID: 39042263 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-024-01018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Galectins, a family of glycan-binding proteins have been shown to bind a wide range of glycans. In the cytoplasm, these glycans can be endogenous (or "self"), originating from damaged endocytic vesicles, or exogenous (or "non-self"), found on the surface of invading microbial pathogens. Galectins can detect these unusual cytosolic exposures to glycans and serve as critical regulators in orchestrating immune responses in innate and adaptive immunity. This review provides an overview of how galectins modulate host cellular responses, such as autophagy, xenophagy, and inflammasome-dependent cell death program, to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Han Lo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Weng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Lin Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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5
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Oh SH, Yook JM, Jung HY, Choi JY, Cho JH, Park SH, Kim CD, Kim YL, Lim JH. Autophagy caused by oxidative stress promotes TGF-β1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human peritoneal mesothelial cells. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:365. [PMID: 38806451 PMCID: PMC11133371 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06753-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the main causes of peritoneal fibrosis. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of EMT, specifically its relationship with autophagy, are still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the role of autophagy in transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced EMT in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs). Primary cultured HPMCs were treated with TGF-β1 (2 and 5 ng/mL) and changes in autophagy markers and the relationship between autophagy and EMT were evaluated. We also identified changes in EMT- and autophagy-related signaling pathways after autophagy and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) inhibition. TGF-β1 increased the generation of NOX4 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HPMCs, resulting in mitochondrial damage. Treatment with GKT137831 (20 μM), a NOX1/4 inhibitor, reduced ROS in the mitochondria of HPMC cells and reduced TGF-β1-induced mitochondrial damage. Additionally, the indirect inhibition of autophagy by GKT137831 (20 μM) downregulated TGF-β1-induced EMT, whereas direct inhibition of autophagy using 3-methyladenine (3-MA) (2 mM) or autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) gene silencing decreased the TGF-β1-induced EMT in HPMCs. The suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic 2/3 (Smad2/3), autophagy-related phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) class III, and protein kinase B (Akt) pathways, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and P38, were involved in TGF-β1-induced EMT. Autophagy and NOX4 inhibition suppressed the activation of these signaling pathways. Direct inhibition of autophagy and its indirect inhibition through the reduction of mitochondrial damage by upstream NOX4 inhibition reduced EMT in HPMCs. These results suggest that autophagy could serve as a therapeutic target for the prevention of peritoneal fibrosis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hyun Oh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Min Yook
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Yeon Jung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Choi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Cho
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Duck Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Lim Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Hoon Lim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Ma L, Cao Z. Periodontopathogen-Related Cell Autophagy-A Double-Edged Sword. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02049-8. [PMID: 38762837 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The periodontium is a highly organized ecosystem, and the imbalance between oral microorganisms and host defense leads to periodontal diseases. The periodontal pathogens, mainly Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, colonize the periodontal niches or enter the blood circulation, resulting in periodontal tissue destruction and distal organ damage. This phenomenon links periodontitis with various systemic conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, malignant tumors, steatohepatitis, and Alzheimer's disease. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular self-degradation process essential for eliminating internalized pathogens. Nowadays, increasing studies have been carried out in cells derived from periodontal tissues, immune system, and distant organs to investigate the relationship between periodontal pathogen infection and autophagy-related activities. On one hand, as a vital part of innate and adaptive immunity, autophagy actively participates in host resistance to periodontal bacterial infection. On the other, certain periodontal pathogens exploit autophagic vesicles or pathways to evade immune surveillance, therefore achieving survival within host cells. This review provides an overview of the autophagy process and focuses on periodontopathogen-related autophagy and their involvements in cells of different tissue origins, so as to comprehensively understand the role of autophagy in the occurrence and development of periodontal diseases and various periodontitis-associated systemic illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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7
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Schmid M, Fischer P, Engl M, Widder J, Kerschbaum-Gruber S, Slade D. The interplay between autophagy and cGAS-STING signaling and its implications for cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1356369. [PMID: 38660307 PMCID: PMC11039819 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1356369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular process that targets various cargos for degradation, including members of the cGAS-STING signaling cascade. cGAS-STING senses cytosolic double-stranded DNA and triggers an innate immune response through type I interferons. Emerging evidence suggests that autophagy plays a crucial role in regulating and fine-tuning cGAS-STING signaling. Reciprocally, cGAS-STING pathway members can actively induce canonical as well as various non-canonical forms of autophagy, establishing a regulatory network of feedback mechanisms that alter both the cGAS-STING and the autophagic pathway. The crosstalk between autophagy and the cGAS-STING pathway impacts a wide variety of cellular processes such as protection against pathogenic infections as well as signaling in neurodegenerative disease, autoinflammatory disease and cancer. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms involved in autophagy and cGAS-STING signaling, with a specific focus on the interactions between the two pathways and their importance for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Schmid
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Fischer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Engl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Biocenter PhD Program, a Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joachim Widder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvia Kerschbaum-Gruber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Dea Slade
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Zou T, Xie R, Huang S, Lu D, Liu J. Potential role of modulating autophagy levels in sensorineural hearing loss. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116115. [PMID: 38460910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the pathogenesis of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Apoptosis and necrosis have been identified to play important roles in hearing loss, but they cannot account for all hearing loss. Autophagy, a cellular process responsible for cell self-degradation and reutilization, has emerged as a significant factor contributing to hearing loss, particularly in cases of autophagy deficiency. Autophagy plays a crucial role in maintaining cell health by exerting cytoprotective and metabolically homeostatic effects in organisms. Consequently, modulating autophagy levels can profoundly impact the survival, death, and regeneration of cells in the inner ear, including hair cells (HCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Abnormal mitochondrial autophagy has been demonstrated in animal models of SNHL. These findings indicate the profound significance of comprehending autophagy while suggesting that our perspective on this cellular process holds promise for advancing the treatment of SNHL. Thus, this review aims to clarify the pathogenic mechanisms of SNHL and the role of autophagy in the developmental processes of various cochlear structures, including the greater epithelial ridge (GER), SGNs, and the ribbon synapse. The pathogenic mechanisms of age-related hearing loss (ARHL), also known as presbycusis, and the latest research on autophagy are also discussed. Furthermore, we underscore recent findings on the modulation of autophagy in SNHL induced by ototoxic drugs. Additionally, we suggest further research that might illuminate the complete potential of autophagy in addressing SNHL, ultimately leading to the formulation of pioneering therapeutic strategies and approaches for the treatment of deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Renwei Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Renhe Hospital, Baoshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Sihan Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingkun Lu
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Mukhopadhyay S, Subedi S, Hopkins JB, Ugrinov A, Chakravarthy S, Colbert CL, Sinha SC. Invariant BECN1 CXXC motifs bind Zn 2+ and regulate structure and function of the BECN1 intrinsically disordered region. Autophagy 2024; 20:380-396. [PMID: 37791766 PMCID: PMC10813572 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2259707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS AFM: aromatic finger mutant; BH3D: BCL2 homology 3 domain; CCD: coiled-coil domain; CD: circular dichroism spectroscopy; [CysDM1]: C18S and C21S double mutant; [CysDM2]: C137S, and C140S double mutant; [CysTM], C18S, C21S, C137S, and C140S tetrad mutant; Dmax: maximum particle diameter; dRI, differential refractive index; EFA: evolving factor analysis; FHD: flexible helical domain; FL: full length; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HDX-MS: hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry; ICP-MS: inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; IDR: intrinsically disordered region; ITC, isothermal titration calorimetry; MALS, multi angle light scattering; MBP: maltose-binding protein; MoRFs: molecular recognition features; P(r): pairwise-distance distribution; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; Rg: radius of gyration; SASBDB: small angle scattering biological data bank; SEC: size-exclusion chromatography; SEC-SAXS: size-exclusion chromatography in tandem with small angle X-ray scattering; TEV: tobacco-etch virus; TFE: 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol; TPEN: N,N,N,N-tetrakis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine; Vc: volume of correlation; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Subeksha Subedi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Jesse B. Hopkins
- The Biophysics Collaborative Access Team, Departments of Biology and Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Angel Ugrinov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Srinivas Chakravarthy
- The Biophysics Collaborative Access Team, Departments of Biology and Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Sangita C. Sinha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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Miranda RG, Guarache GC, Leão AHFF, Pereira GJ, Dorta DJ. BDE-47-mediated cytotoxicity via autophagy blockade in 3D HepaRG spheroids cultured in alginate microcapsules. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 388:110831. [PMID: 38101597 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) are a major class of brominated flame retardants, and their widespread use has led them to be considered contaminants with emerging concern. PBDEs have been detected in the indoor air, house dust, food, and all environmental compartments. The congener BDE-47 (2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether) is the most prevalent, and hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, immunological changes, endocrine disruption, and genotoxic potential have been related to its exposure. Although the BDE-47 molecular toxicity pathway is directly related to intrinsic apoptotic cell death, the role of autophagy in BDE-47 toxicity remains unclear. In this context, three-dimensional cell culture has emerged as a good strategy for the replacement of animals in toxicological testing. Here, we used HepaRG spheroids cultured in alginate microcapsules to investigate the role of autophagy in BDE-47-mediated hepatotoxicity. We developed mature and functional HepaRG spheroids by culturing them in alginate microcapsules. Histological analysis revealed that HepaRG spheroids formed an extracellular matrix and stored glycogen. No apoptotic and/or necrotic cores were observed. BDE-47 showed concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxicity in HepaRG spheroids. In the early exposure period, BDE-47 initially disrupted mitochondrial activity and increased the formation of acid compartments that promoted the increase in autophagic activity; however, this autophagy was blocked, and long-term exposure to BDE-47 promoted efficient apoptotic cell death through autophagy blockade, as evidenced by an increased number of fragmented/condensed nuclei. Therefore, for the first time, we demonstrated BDE-47 toxicity and its cell pathway induces cell death using a three-dimensional liver cell culture, the HepaRG cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Ghiraldelli Miranda
- Univesity of São Paulo (USP), School of Phamaceutical Science of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil; Department of Life Science of the University of Coimbra, 3000, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Gabriel Cicolin Guarache
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Anderson Henrique F F Leão
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo José Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Junqueira Dorta
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Química, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactivies (INCT-DATREM), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute os Chemistry, Araraquara, SP, 14800-060, Brazil.
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11
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Wellman R, Jacobson D, Secrier M, Labbadia J. Distinct patterns of proteostasis network gene expression are associated with different prognoses in melanoma patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:198. [PMID: 38167612 PMCID: PMC10761826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50640-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The proteostasis network (PN) is a collection of protein folding and degradation pathways that spans cellular compartments and acts to preserve the integrity of the proteome. The differential expression of PN genes is a hallmark of many cancers, and the inhibition of protein quality control factors is an effective way to slow cancer cell growth. However, little is known about how the expression of PN genes differs between patients and how this impacts survival outcomes. To address this, we applied unbiased hierarchical clustering to gene expression data obtained from primary and metastatic cutaneous melanoma (CM) samples and found that two distinct groups of individuals emerge across each sample type. These patient groups are distinguished by the differential expression of genes encoding ATP-dependent and ATP-independent chaperones, and proteasomal subunits. Differences in PN gene expression were associated with increased levels of the transcription factors, MEF2A, SP4, ZFX, CREB1 and ATF2, as well as markedly different survival outcomes. However, surprisingly, similar PN alterations in primary and metastatic samples were associated with discordant survival outcomes in patients. Our findings reveal that the expression of PN genes demarcates CM patients and highlights several new proteostasis sub-networks that could be targeted for more effective suppression of CM within specific individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Wellman
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, UK
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Jacobson
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Secrier
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK.
| | - John Labbadia
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, UK.
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12
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Mia MAR, Dey D, Sakib MR, Biswas MY, Prottay AAS, Paul N, Rimti FH, Abdullah Y, Biswas P, Iftehimul M, Paul P, Sarkar C, El-Nashar HAS, El-Shazly M, Islam MT. The efficacy of natural bioactive compounds against prostate cancer: Molecular targets and synergistic activities. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5724-5754. [PMID: 37786304 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Globally, prostate cancer (PCa) is regarded as a challenging health issue, and the number of PCa patients continues to rise despite the availability of effective treatments in recent decades. The current therapy with chemotherapeutic drugs has been largely ineffective due to multidrug resistance and the conventional treatment has restricted drug accessibility to malignant tissues, necessitating a higher dosage resulting in increased cytotoxicity. Plant-derived bioactive compounds have recently attracted a great deal of attention in the field of PCa treatment due to their potent effects on several molecular targets and synergistic effects with anti-PCa drugs. This review emphasizes the molecular mechanism of phytochemicals on PCa cells, the synergistic effects of compound-drug interactions, and stem cell targeting for PCa treatment. Some potential compounds, such as curcumin, phenethyl-isothiocyanate, fisetin, baicalein, berberine, lutein, and many others, exert an anti-PCa effect via inhibiting proliferation, metastasis, cell cycle progression, and normal apoptosis pathways. In addition, multiple studies have demonstrated that the isolated natural compounds: d-limonene, paeonol, lanreotide, artesunate, and bicalutamide have potential synergistic effects. Further, a significant number of natural compounds effectively target PCa stem cells. However, further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of these phytochemicals against PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdur Rashid Mia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Dipta Dey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Musfiqur Rahman Sakib
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Md Yeaman Biswas
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Shamsh Prottay
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Niloy Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Hoque Rimti
- Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery, Chittagong Medical College, Chawkbazar, Bangladesh
| | - Yusuf Abdullah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Partha Biswas
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Md Iftehimul
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Priyanka Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Heba A S El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
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13
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Haghshenas M, Firouzabadi N, Akbarizadeh AR, Rashedinia M. Combination of metformin and gallic acid induces autophagy and apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Res Pharm Sci 2023; 18:663-675. [PMID: 39005566 PMCID: PMC11246111 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.389956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and one of the major causes of death among women. Many reports propose gallic acid as a candidate for cancer treatment due to its biological and medicinal effects as well as its antioxidant properties. This study aimed to assess the effects of metformin and gallic acid on human breast cancer (MCF-7) and normal (MCF-10) cell lines. Experimental approach MCF7 and MCF-10 cells were treated with various concentrations of metformin, gallic acid, and their combination. Cell proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as cell cycle arrest were measured. Autophagy induction was assessed using western blot analysis. Findings/Results Metformin and gallic acid did not cause toxicity in normal cells. They had a stronger combined impact on ROS induction. Metformin and Gallic acid resulted in cell cycle arrest in the sub-G1 phase with G1 and S phase arrest, respectively. Increased levels of LC3 and Beclin-1 markers along with decreased P62 markers were observed in cancerous cells, which is consistent with the anticancer properties of metformin and gallic acid. Conclusion and implications The effects of metformin and gallic acid on cancerous cells indicate the positive impact of their combination in treating human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Haghshenas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Firouzabadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Reza Akbarizadeh
- Department of Quality Control, Food and Drug, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Rashedinia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Food and Supplements Safety Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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14
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Xiang H, Zhou M, Li Y, Zhou L, Wang R. Drug discovery by targeting the protein-protein interactions involved in autophagy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4373-4390. [PMID: 37969735 PMCID: PMC10638514 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular process in which proteins and organelles are engulfed in autophagosomal vesicles and transported to the lysosome/vacuole for degradation. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play a crucial role at many stages of autophagy, which present formidable but attainable targets for autophagy regulation. Moreover, selective regulation of PPIs tends to have a lower risk in causing undesired off-target effects in the context of a complicated biological network. Thus, small-molecule regulators, including peptides and peptidomimetics, targeting the critical PPIs involved in autophagy provide a new opportunity for innovative drug discovery. This article provides general background knowledge of the critical PPIs involved in autophagy and reviews a range of successful attempts on discovering regulators targeting those PPIs. Successful strategies and existing limitations in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Xiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Renxiao Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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15
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Rodriguez M, Owens F, Perry M, Stone N, Soler Y, Almohtadi R, Zhao Y, Batrakova EV, El-Hage N. Implication of the Autophagy-Related Protein Beclin1 in the Regulation of EcoHIV Replication and Inflammatory Responses. Viruses 2023; 15:1923. [PMID: 37766329 PMCID: PMC10537636 DOI: 10.3390/v15091923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein Beclin1 (BECN1, a mammalian homologue of ATG6 in yeast) plays an important role in the initiation and the normal process of autophagy in cells. Moreover, we and others have shown that Beclin1 plays an important role in viral replication and the innate immune signaling pathways. We previously used the cationic polymer polyethyleneimine (PEI) conjugated to mannose (Man) as a non-viral tool for the delivery of a small interfering (si) Beclin1-PEI-Man nanoplex, which specifically targets mannose receptor-expressing glia (microglia and astrocytes) in the brain when administered intranasally to conventional mice. To expand our previous reports, first we used C57BL/6J mice infected with EcoHIV and exposed them to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). We show that EcoHIV enters the mouse brain, while intranasal delivery of the nanocomplex significantly reduces the secretion of HIV-induced inflammatory molecules and downregulates the expression of the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kB. Since a spectrum of neurocognitive and motor problems can develop in people living with HIV (PLWH) despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy, we subsequently measured the role of Beclin1 in locomotor activities using EcoHIV-infected BECN1 knockout mice exposed to cART. Viral replication and cytokine secretion were reduced in the postmortem brains recovered from EcoHIV-infected Becn1+/- mice when compared to EcoHIV-infected Becn1+/+ mice, although the impairment in locomotor activities based on muscle strength were comparable. This further highlights the importance of Beclin1 in the regulation of HIV replication and in viral-induced cytokine secretion but not in HIV-induced locomotor impairments. Moreover, the cause of HIV-induced locomotor impairments remains speculative, as we show that this may not be entirely due to viral load and/or HIV-induced inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myosotys Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.R.); (F.O.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (Y.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Florida Owens
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.R.); (F.O.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (Y.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Marissa Perry
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.R.); (F.O.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (Y.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Nicole Stone
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.R.); (F.O.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (Y.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Yemmy Soler
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.R.); (F.O.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (Y.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Rianna Almohtadi
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.R.); (F.O.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (Y.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Yuling Zhao
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.Z.); (E.V.B.)
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Elena V. Batrakova
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.Z.); (E.V.B.)
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nazira El-Hage
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.R.); (F.O.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (Y.S.); (R.A.)
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16
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Xue L, Zhang W, Ju Y, Xu X, Bo H, Zhong X, Hu Z, Zheng C, Fang B, Tang S. TNFSF10, an autophagy related gene, was a prognostic and immune infiltration marker in skin cutaneous melanoma. J Cancer 2023; 14:2417-2430. [PMID: 37670976 PMCID: PMC10475358 DOI: 10.7150/jca.86735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy exerts a pivotal effect on skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM). This study was aimed to investigate the expression of autophagy related genes (ARGs) in SKCM as well as its clinical value. Differentially expressed (DE) ARGs were downloaded from the intersection of SKCM data in GEPIA2 database and ARGs in Human Autophagy Database (HADB) database, and were verified in SKCM datasets GSE46517 and GSE15605. DE ARGs were enriched by Metascape online tools. According to GEPIA2 database, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TNFSF10) was identified as a closely related factor and prognostic marker of SKCM. Then the correlation analysis of clinicopathological characteristics between TNFSF10 and SKCM was completed by several online tools such as TISCH, HPA, BEST and qRT-PCR. Subsequently, we investigated TNFSF10 related functions and signal pathways with LinkedOmics online tool, and immune infiltration using Assistant for Clinical Bioinformatics online tool. Furthermore, correlation analysis between TNFSF10 expression and immunotherapy response was performed by TIDE algorithm and BEST online tool. And Kaplan-Meier Plotter was used to assessing the prognosis of SKCM patients receiving immunotherapy. Finally, the correlation analysis among TNFSF10 methylation, TNFSF10 expression and patient prognosis was completed by the DiseaseMeth version 2.0, UCSC XENA and qRT-PCR. ARGs are DE in SKCM and participate in the ERBB signaling pathway, as well as the processing and presentation of antigens. Moreover, TNFSF10's expression along with methylation expression were significantly associated with the prognosis. Low expression of TNFSF10 was associated with malignant clinicopathological features, lower immune signal activity and lower immunocytes abundance in patients with SKCM. As an ARG, TNFSF10 has a potential capacity in predicting the prognosis of SKCM patients, meanwhile, may be a novel immunotherapy marker for SKCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xue
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wancong Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Plastic Surgery Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yikun Ju
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuezheng Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Bo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhong
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Plastic Surgery Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhexiao Hu
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Plastic Surgery Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Congyuan Zheng
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Plastic Surgery Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bairong Fang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shijie Tang
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Plastic Surgery Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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17
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Lipids in Mitochondrial Macroautophagy: Phase Behavior of Bilayers Containing Cardiolipin and Ceramide. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065080. [PMID: 36982156 PMCID: PMC10049649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a key lipid for damaged mitochondrial recognition by the LC3/GABARAP human autophagy proteins. The role of ceramide (Cer) in this process is unclear, but CL and Cer have been proposed to coexist in mitochondria under certain conditions. Varela et al. showed that in model membranes composed of egg sphingomyelin (eSM), dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), and CL, the addition of Cer enhanced the binding of LC3/GABARAP proteins to bilayers. Cer gave rise to lateral phase separation of Cer-rich rigid domains but protein binding took place mainly in the fluid continuous phase. In the present study, a biophysical analysis of bilayers composed of eSM, DOPE, CL, and/or Cer was attempted to understand the relevance of this lipid coexistence. Bilayers were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, confocal fluorescence microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Upon the addition of CL and Cer, one continuous phase and two segregated ones were formed. In bilayers with egg phosphatidylcholine instead of eSM, in which the binding of LC3/GABARAP proteins hardly increased with Cer in the former study, a single segregated phase was formed. Assuming that phase separation at the nanoscale is ruled by the same principles acting at the micrometer scale, it is proposed that Cer-enriched rigid nanodomains, stabilized by eSM:Cer interactions formed within the DOPE- and CL-enriched fluid phase, result in structural defects at the rigid/fluid nanointerfaces, thus hypothetically facilitatingLC3/GABARAP protein interaction.
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18
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Banik I, Ghosh A, Beebe E, Burja B, Frank Bertoncelj M, Dooley CM, Markkanen E, Dummer R, Busch-Nentwich EM, Levesque MP. P38 Mediates Tumor Suppression through Reduced Autophagy and Actin Cytoskeleton Changes in NRAS-Mutant Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:877. [PMID: 36765834 PMCID: PMC9913513 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hotspot mutations in the NRAS gene are causative genetic events associated with the development of melanoma. Currently, there are no FDA-approved drugs directly targeting NRAS mutations. Previously, we showed that p38 acts as a tumor suppressor in vitro and in vivo with respect to NRAS-mutant melanoma. We observed that because of p38 activation through treatment with the protein synthesis inhibitor, anisomycin leads to a transient upregulation of several targets of the cAMP pathway, representing a stressed cancer cell state that is often observed by therapeutic doses of MAPK inhibitors in melanoma patients. Meanwhile, genetically induced p38 or its stable transduction leads to a distinct cellular transcriptional state. Contrary to previous work showing an association of invasiveness with high p38 levels in BRAF-mutated melanoma, there was no correlation of p38 expression with NRAS-mutant melanoma invasion, highlighting the difference in BRAF and NRAS-driven melanomas. Although the role of p38 has been reported to be that of both tumor suppressor and oncogene, we show here that p38 specifically plays the role of a tumor suppressor in NRAS-mutant melanoma. Both the transient and stable activation of p38 elicits phosphorylation of mTOR, reported to be a master switch in regulating autophagy. Indeed, we observed a correlation between elevated levels of phosphorylated mTOR and a reduction in LC3 conversion (LCII/LCI), indicative of suppressed autophagy. Furthermore, a reduction in actin intensity in p38-high cells strongly suggests a role of mTOR in regulating actin and a remodeling in the NRAS-mutant melanoma cells. Therefore, p38 plays a tumor suppressive role in NRAS-mutant melanomas at least partially through the mechanism of mTOR upregulation, suppressed autophagy, and reduced actin polymerization. One or more combinations of MEK inhibitors with either anisomycin, rapamycin, chloroquine/bafilomycin, and cytochalasin modulate p38 activation, mTOR phosphorylation, autophagy, and actin polymerization, respectively, and they may provide an alternate route to targeting NRAS-mutant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishani Banik
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University of San Francisco California, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH/University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erin Beebe
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Blaž Burja
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mojca Frank Bertoncelj
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Team Integrative Biology of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, BioMed X Institute, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Enni Markkanen
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University of San Francisco California, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA
| | | | - Mitchell P. Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University of San Francisco California, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA
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19
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Yin Y, Zhou Y, Yang X, Xu Z, Yang B, Luo P, Yan H, He Q. The participation of non-canonical autophagic proteins in the autophagy process and their potential as therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:71-86. [PMID: 36735300 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2177151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process that helps recycle intracellular components to maintain homeostasis. The completion of autophagy requires the synergistic effect of multiple canonical autophagic proteins. Defects in autophagy machinery have been reported to promote diseases, rendering autophagy a bone fide health-modifying agent. However, the clinical implication of canonical pan-autophagic activators or inhibitors has often led to undesirable side effects, making it urgent to find a safer autophagy-related therapeutic target. The discovery of non-canonical autophagic proteins has been found to specifically affect the development of diseases without causing a universal impact on autophagy and has shed light on finding a safer way to utilize autophagy in the therapeutic context. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes recently discovered non-canonical autophagic proteins, how these proteins influence autophagy, and their potential therapeutic role in the disease due to their interaction with autophagy. EXPERT OPINION Several therapies have been studied thus far and continued research is needed to identify the potential that non-canonical autophagic proteins have for treating certain diseases. In the meantime, continue to uncover new non-canonical autophagic proteins and examine which are likely to have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yourong Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaochun Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhifei Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peihua Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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20
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Al-Odat OS, Guirguis DA, Schmalbach NK, Yao G, Budak-Alpdogan T, Jonnalagadda SC, Pandey MK. Autophagy and Apoptosis: Current Challenges of Treatment and Drug Resistance in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010644. [PMID: 36614089 PMCID: PMC9820338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the natural history of multiple myeloma (MM) has evolved dramatically, owing primarily to novel agents targeting MM in the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) pathways. However, the mechanisms of resistance acquisition remain a mystery and are poorly understood. Autophagy and apoptosis are tightly controlled processes and play a critical role in the cell growth, development, and survival of MM. Genetic instability and abnormalities are two hallmarks of MM. During MM progression, plasma malignant cells become genetically unstable and activate various signaling pathways, resulting in the overexpression of abnormal proteins that disrupt autophagy and apoptosis biological processes. Thus, achieving a better understanding of the autophagy and apoptosis processes and the proteins that crosslinked both pathways, could provide new insights for the MM treatment and improve the development of novel therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance. This review presents a sufficient overview of the roles of autophagy and apoptosis and how they crosslink and control MM progression and drug resistance. Potential combination targeting of both pathways for improving outcomes in MM patients also has been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar S. Al-Odat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Daniel A. Guirguis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Nicole K. Schmalbach
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Gabriella Yao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | | | | | - Manoj K. Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-856-956-2751
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21
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Apoptosis, Proliferation, and Autophagy Are Involved in Local Anesthetic-Induced Cytotoxicity of Human Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415455. [PMID: 36555096 PMCID: PMC9779437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer accounts for almost one quarter of all female cancers worldwide, and more than 90% of those who are diagnosed with breast cancer undergo mastectomy or breast conservation surgery. Local anesthetics effectively inhibit the invasion of cancer cells at concentrations that are used in surgical procedures. The limited treatment options for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) demonstrate unmet clinical needs. In this study, four local anesthetics, lidocaine, levobupivacaine, bupivacaine, and ropivacaine, were applied to two breast tumor cell types, TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells and triple-positive breast cancer BT-474 cells. In addition to the induction of apoptosis and the suppression of the cellular proliferation rate, the four local anesthetics decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species and increased the autophagy elongation indicator in both cell types. Our combination index analysis with doxorubicin showed that ropivacaine had a synergistic effect on the two cell types, and lidocaine had a synergistic effect only in MDA-MB-231 cells; the others had no synergistic effects on doxorubicin. Lidocaine contributed significantly to the formation of autophagolysosomes in a dose-dependent manner in MDA-MB-231 cells but not in BT-474 cells. Our study demonstrated that the four local anesthetics can reduce tumor growth and proliferation and promote apoptosis and autophagy.
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22
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Lapierre J, Karuppan MKM, Perry M, Rodriguez M, El-Hage N. Different Roles of Beclin1 in the Interaction Between Glia and Neurons after Exposure to Morphine and the HIV- Trans-Activator of Transcription (Tat) Protein. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2022; 17:470-486. [PMID: 34741242 PMCID: PMC9068829 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-10017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Previously we showed that Beclin1 has a regulatory role in the secretion of inflammatory molecules in glia after exposure to morphine and Tat (an HIV protein). Here we show increased secretion of neuronal growth factors and increased neuronal survival in Beclin1-deficient glia. However, without glia co-culture, neurons deficient in Beclin1 showed greater death and enhanced dendritic beading when compared to wild-type neurons, suggesting that glial-secreted growth factors compensate for the damage reduced autophagy causes neurons. To assess if our ex vivo results correlated with in vivo studies, we used a wild-type (Becn1+/+) and Beclin1-deficient (Becn1+/+) mouse model and intracranially infused the mice with Tat and subcutaneously administered morphine pellets. After morphine implantation, significantly impaired locomotor activities were detected in both Becn1+/+ and Becn1+/- mice, irrespective of Tat infusion. After induction of pain, morphine-induced antinociception was detected. Interestingly, co-exposure to morphine and Tat increased sensitivity to pain in Becn1+/+ mice, but not in similarly treated Becn1+/- mice. Brain homogenates from Becn1+/+ mice exposed to Tat, alone and in combination with morphine, showed increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced expression of growth factors when compared to similarly treated Becn1+/- mice. Likewise, increased neuronal loss was detected when both Tat and morphine were administered to Becn1+/+ mice, but not in similarly treated Becn1+/- mice. Overall, our findings show that there is a Beclin1-driven interaction between Tat and morphine in glia and neurons. Moreover, reduced glial-Beclin1 may provide a layer of protection to neurons under stressful conditions, such as when exposed to morphine and Tat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lapierre
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Mohan K M Karuppan
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Marissa Perry
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Myosotys Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Nazira El-Hage
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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23
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Distinct roles for different autophagy-associated genes in the virulence of the fungal wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. Fungal Genet Biol 2022; 163:103748. [PMID: 36309095 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2022.103748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The fungal wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici causes major crop losses as the causal agent of the disease Septoria tritici blotch. The infection cycle of Z. tritici displays two distinct phases, beginning with an extended symptomless phase of 1-2 weeks, before the fungus induces host cell death and tissue collapse in the leaf. Recent evidence suggests that the fungus uses little host-derived nutrition during asymptomatic colonisation, raising questions as to the sources of energy required for this initial growth phase. Autophagy is crucial for the pathogenicity of other fungal plant pathogens through its roles in supporting cellular differentiation and growth under starvation. Here we characterised the contributions of the autophagy genes ZtATG1 and ZtATG8 to the development and virulence of Z. tritici. Deletion of ZtATG1 led to inhibition of autophagy but had no impact on starvation-induced hyphal differentiation or virulence, suggesting that autophagy is not required for Z. tritici pathogenicity. Contrastingly, ZtATG8 deletion delayed the transition to necrotrophic growth, despite having no influence on filamentous growth under starvation, pointing to an autophagy-independent role of ZtATG8 during Z. tritici infection. To our knowledge, this study represents the first to find autophagy not to contribute to the virulence of a fungal plant pathogen, and reveals novel roles for different autophagy-associated proteins in Z. tritici.
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Zhou F, Yang L, Yang L, Wang X, Guo N, Sun W, Ma H. Trpc5-regulated AMPKα/mTOR autophagy pathway is associated with glucose metabolism disorders in low birth weight mice under overnutrition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 630:1-7. [PMID: 36122525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that low birth weight (LBW) individuals are at higher risk of glucose metabolism disorders compared with normal birth weight (NBW) individuals under overnutrition conditions, but the mechanism remains unclear. To explore the underlying mechanism of glucose metabolism disorders induced by LBW under overnutrition in adulthood, the prenatal malnutrition method was applied to ICR mice to establish the LBW mice model and high-fat diets were used to mimic overnutrition conditions. Then the mechanism was further explored on Hepg2 cells treated with nutritional deprivation plus palmitic acid. The results showed that LBW plus high-fat interventions will cause glucose metabolism disorders and inhibit autophagy flux in adulthood. Moreover, the expression of TRPC5-regulated AMPK/mTOR autophagy pathway was downregulated by LBW with high-fat interventions. Collectively, LBW plus high-fat intervention increased the risk of glucose metabolism disorders, which may be related to the alteration of TRPC5 expression level and its regulation of the AMPKα/mTOR autophagy pathway. This study may provide a fundamental basis for the molecular mechanism of glucose metabolism disorders induced by LBW with high-fat diets in adulthood and a new target for the treatment of metabolic diseases in LBW individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Linlin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Linquan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Na Guo
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wenwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Huijuan Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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25
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Fonderflick L, Baudu T, Adotévi O, Guittaut M, Adami P, Delage-Mourroux R. The ATG8 Family Proteins GABARAP and GABARAPL1 Target Antigen to Dendritic Cells to Prime CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182782. [PMID: 36139357 PMCID: PMC9496894 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine therapy is a promising method of research to promote T cell immune response and to develop novel antitumor immunotherapy protocols. Accumulating evidence has shown that autophagy is involved in antigen processing and presentation to T cells. In this work, we investigated the potential role of GABARAP and GABARAPL1, two members of the autophagic ATG8 family proteins, as surrogate tumor antigen delivery vectors to prime antitumor T cells. We showed that bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, expressing the antigen OVALBUMIN (OVA) fused with GABARAP or GABARAPL1, were able to prime OVA-specific CD4+ T cells in vitro. Interestingly, the fusion proteins were also degraded by the proteasome pathway and the resulting peptides were presented by the MHC class I system. We then asked if the aforementioned fusion proteins could improve tumor cell immunogenicity and T cell priming. The B16-F10 melanoma was chosen as the tumor cell line to express the fusion proteins. B16-F10 cells that expressed the OVA-ATG8 fused proteins stimulated OVA-specific CD8+ T cells, but demonstrated no CD4+ T cell response. In the future, these constructions may be used in vaccination trials as potential candidates to control tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leïla Fonderflick
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Institute, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Group TIM-C, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Timothée Baudu
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Institute, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Group TIM-C, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Olivier Adotévi
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Institute, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Group TIM-C, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
- Departement of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier de Recherche Universitaire de Besançon, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Michaël Guittaut
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Institute, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Group TIM-C, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
- DImaCell Platform, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Pascale Adami
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Institute, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Group TIM-C, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (R.D.-M.)
| | - Régis Delage-Mourroux
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Institute, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Group TIM-C, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (R.D.-M.)
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26
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Carinci M, Palumbo L, Pellielo G, Agyapong ED, Morciano G, Patergnani S, Giorgi C, Pinton P, Rimessi A. The Multifaceted Roles of Autophagy in Infectious, Obstructive, and Malignant Airway Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081944. [PMID: 36009490 PMCID: PMC9405571 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved dynamic process by which cells deliver their contents to lysosomes for degradation, thus ensuring cell homeostasis. In response to environmental stress, the induction of autophagy is crucial for cell survival. The dysregulation of this degradative process has been implicated in a wide range of pathologies, including lung diseases, representing a relevant potential target with significant clinical outcomes. During lung disease progression and infections, autophagy may exert both protective and harmful effects on cells. In this review, we will explore the implications of autophagy and its selective forms in several lung infections, such as SARS-CoV-2, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections, and different lung diseases such as Cystic Fibrosis (CF), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and Malignant Mesothelioma (MM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Carinci
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Palumbo
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Pellielo
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Esther Densu Agyapong
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence:
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27
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Varela YR, Iriondo MN, Etxaniz A, Ballesteros U, Montes LR, Goñi FM, Alonso A. Ceramide enhances binding of LC3/GABARAP autophagy proteins to cardiolipin-containing membranes. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:748-760. [PMID: 35839958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy, or autophagy, is a process in which cell macromolecules, or even organelles, are engulfed in a double-membrane vesicle, the autophagosome, and directed to a lysosome. Among autophagy-related proteins, LC3/GABARAP constitute a protein family derived from yeast Atg8. They play important roles in autophagosome formation, binding future cargo organelles and promoting autophagosome growth. The involvement of specific lipids in this process is poorly understood. The present study explores the interaction of LC3/GABARAP proteins with phospholipid monolayers and bilayers based on phosphatidylcholine or on sphingomyelin. Cardiolipin is found to be essential for the protein interaction with such bilayers, as measured through gradient centrifugation experiments, while ceramide markedly increases binding. Giant unilamellar vesicles examined under confocal fluorescence microscopy reveal that ceramide segregates laterally into very rigid domains, while GABARAP binds only the more fluid regions, suggesting that the enhancing role of ceramide is exerted by the minority of ceramide molecules dispersed in the fluid phase. Although in further autophagy steps the LC3/GABARAP proteins are covalently bound to a phospholipid, this is not the case in our system, thus it is proposed that the observed ceramide effects would correspond to very early stages in the process, such as cargo recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza R Varela
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain
| | - Marina N Iriondo
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain
| | - Asier Etxaniz
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain
| | - Uxue Ballesteros
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain
| | - L Ruth Montes
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain.
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28
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Endothelial Autophagy in Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132081. [PMID: 35805165 PMCID: PMC9265562 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) refers to a subset of structural and/or functional disorders of coronary microcirculation that lead to impaired coronary blood flow and eventually myocardial ischemia. Amid the growing knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms and the development of advanced tools for assessment, CMD has emerged as a prevalent cause of a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including obstructive and nonobstructive coronary artery disease, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Of note, the endothelium exerts vital functions in regulating coronary microvascular and cardiac function. Importantly, insufficient or uncontrolled activation of endothelial autophagy facilitates the pathogenesis of CMD in diverse CVDs. Here, we review the progress in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of autophagy in coronary endothelial cells and discuss their potential role in CMD and CVDs.
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29
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Shao L, Zhu Y, Liao B, Wang G, Huang L, Yu L, Bai D. Effects of Curcumin-mediated photodynamic therapy on autophagy and Epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lung cancer cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102849. [PMID: 35390521 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigated whether Curcumin-mediated PDT suppress EMT in lung cancer cells, and explore the roles of autophagy in the process of regulating EMT. METHODS Lung cancer cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assay. The expression of epithelial marker and mesenchymal markers, the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II and the levels of p62 and beclin1 in A549 and SPCA1 cells were measured by Western blotting assay. The Wound healing and Transwell assays were used to detect the migration and invasion abilities of the A549 and SPCA1 cells. Autophagosome formation was detected via observing the colocalization of Lamp-2 with LC3 in A549 cells, and the autophagy ultrastructure was observed by TEM. RESULTS Curcumin-PDT inhibited EMT, migration and invasion and induced autophagy in lung cancer cells. Curcumin-PDT induced autophagy was involved in the process of PDT inhibiting EMT, but it presented a promoting effect of EMT in lung cancer cells. Curcumin-PDT combined with CQ further inhibited EMT, invasion and migration of lung cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS The role of PDT-induced autophagy in the regulation of EMT was determined to be a promoting effect in lung cancer. Therefore, Curcumin-mediated PDT combined with autophagy inhibitor further suppressed EMT of lung cancer cells, and may represent a potential strategy against invasion and migration of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Shao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Bo Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Gailan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Liyi Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Lehua Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Dingqun Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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30
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Autophagy-Related Gene PlATG6a Is Involved in Mycelial Growth, Asexual Reproduction and Tolerance to Salt and Oxidative Stresses in Peronophythora litchii. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031839. [PMID: 35163762 PMCID: PMC8836449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is ubiquitously present in eukaryotes. During this process, intracellular proteins and some waste organelles are transported into lysosomes or vacuoles for degradation, which can be reused by the cell to guarantee normal cellular metabolism. However, the function of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins in oomycetes is rarely known. In this study, we identified an autophagy-related gene, PlATG6a, encoding a 514-amino-acid protein in Peronophythora litchii, which is the most destructive pathogen of litchi. The transcriptional level of PlATG6a was relatively higher in mycelium, sporangia, zoospores and cysts. We generated PlATG6a knockout mutants using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The P. litchii Δplatg6a mutants were significantly impaired in autophagy and vegetative growth. We further found that the Δplatg6a mutants displayed decreased branches of sporangiophore, leading to impaired sporangium production. PlATG6a is also involved in resistance to oxidative and salt stresses, but not in sexual reproduction. The transcription of peroxidase-encoding genes was down-regulated in Δplatg6a mutants, which is likely responsible for hypersensitivity to oxidative stress. Compared with the wild-type strain, the Δplatg6a mutants showed reduced virulence when inoculated on the litchi leaves using mycelia plugs. Overall, these results suggest a critical role for PlATG6a in autophagy, vegetative growth, sporangium production, sporangiophore development, zoospore release, pathogenesis and tolerance to salt and oxidative stresses in P. litchii.
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He HJ, Xiong X, Zhou S, Zhang XR, Zhao X, Chen L, Xie CL. Neuroprotective effects of curcumin via autophagy induction in 6-hydroxydopamine Parkinson's models. Neurochem Int 2022; 155:105297. [PMID: 35122926 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound extracted from curcuma longa, acts as a nontoxic matter with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects as well as antiproliferative activities. Here, our research aimed to explore the neuroprotective effects of curcumin both in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD) in vivo and 6-OHDA-lesioned PC12 cells in vitro. In vitro, 6-OHDA caused a distinct decrease in cell viability of PC12 cells (150 μM). With the incubation of curcumin (1 μM), 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis was suppressed, increasing the autophagy markers (LC3-II/LC3-I, Beclin-1) and inhibiting phosphor-AKT/AKT, phosphor-mTOR/mTOR. In vivo, curcumin (50 mg/kg) reduced the accumulation of a-synuclein and led to higher parkinsonian disability scores in 6-OHDA-lesioned PD rats, contributing to induction of autophagy through inhibiting AKT/mTOR signal pathway. Moreover, treatment with autophagy inhibitors, such as 3-MA and chloroquine, abolished the neuroprotective effects of curcumin as evidence by compromised autophagy and declined motor behavior in PD rats. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that curcumin repressed PC12 cell death in vitro and improved parkinsonian disability scores in vivo by inhibiting AKT/mTOR signaling pathway which mediated by autophagy, indicating a potential value of curcumin in the therapeutic intervention of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jun He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xi Xiong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Shuoting Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xing-Ru Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xuemiao Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Lingli Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Cheng-Long Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, China; Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Oujiang Laboratory, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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CircCBFB is a mediator of hepatocellular carcinoma cell autophagy and proliferation through miR-424-5p/ATG14 axis. Immunol Res 2022; 70:341-353. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-021-09255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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The Prognostic and Molecular Landscape of Autophagy-Related Long Noncoding RNA in Colorectal Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5614915. [PMID: 35097120 PMCID: PMC8794669 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5614915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Current evidence suggests that autophagy is closely correlated with the pathogenesis and development of malignant tumors. This study is aimed at assessing the potential prognostic significance of autophagy-related long noncoding RNA (ARlncRNA) in colorectal cancer (CRC). 3145 ARlncRNAs were obtained from autophagy-related genes (ARGs) by Pearson correlation analysis, and we established a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network mediated by ARlncRNAs. A novel six-ARlncRNA prognostic signature was constructed based on TCGA samples used as the training group. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and independent prognosis analysis were performed on the internal (training and test groups) and external validations (GEO datasets) to assess the accuracy and clinical practicability. Moreover, the nomogram combining the two independent prognostic factors (age and ARlncRNA-risk score (ARlncRNA-RS)) intuitively displayed overall survival. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) conducted on the prognostic signature revealed that the gene set of the high-risk group was significantly enriched in the hallmark gene set “hypoxia” and the gene set of the low-risk group was enriched in KEGG pathways, including “peroxisome,” “the citrate cycle (TCA cycle),” and “other glycan degradation.” Assessment of antineoplastic therapy susceptibility and microsatellite instability (MSI) analysis were performed on CRC samples based on the prognostic signature. Moreover, Spearman correlation analysis was conducted on the expression of six ARlncRNAs of the prognostic signature and cancer stem cell (CSC) index as well as the tumor microenvironment (TME). In conclusion, this study established a six-ARlncRNA prognostic signature, which yielded favorable prognostic significance and demonstrated the correlation between ARlncRNAs and CRC progression.
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Siddique Y. Neurodegenerative Disorders and the Current State, Pathophysiology, and Management of Parkinson's Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 21:574-595. [PMID: 34477534 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210903101841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, major knowledge has been gained about pathophysiological aspects and molecular pathways behind Parkinson's Disease (PD). Based on neurotoxicological studies and postmortem investigations, there is a general concept of how environmental toxicants (neurotoxins, pesticides, insecticides) and genetic factors (genetic mutations in PD-associated proteins) cause depletion of dopamine from substantia nigra pars compacta region of the midbrain and modulate cellular processes leading to the pathogenesis of PD. α-Synuclein, a neuronal protein accumulation in oligomeric form, called protofibrils, is associated with cellular dysfunction and neuronal death, thus possibly contributing to PD propagation. With advances made in identifying loci that contribute to PD, molecular pathways involved in disease pathogenesis are now clear, and introducing therapeutic strategy at the right time may delay the progression. Biomarkers for PD have helped monitor PD progression; therefore, personalized therapeutic strategies can be facilitated. In order to further improve PD diagnostic and prognostic accuracy, independent validation of biomarkers is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Siddique
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wang Y, Wang S, Jing H, Zhang T, Song N, Xu S. CircRNA-IGLL1/miR-15a/RNF43 axis mediates ammonia-induced autophagy in broilers jejunum via Wnt/β-catenin pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118332. [PMID: 34637826 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the continued increase of global ammonia emission, the damage to human or animal caused by ammonia pollution has attracted wide attention. The noncoding RNAs have been reported to regulate a variety of biological processes under different environmental stimulation via ceRNA (competing endogenous RNA) networks. Autophagy is a hallmark of tissue damage from air pollution. However, the specific role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the injury of intestinal tissue caused by autophagy remains unclear. Here, we established 42-days old ammonia-exposed broiler models and observed that autophagy flux in broiler jejunum was activated under ammonia exposure. Meanwhile, a total of eight significantly dysregulated expressed circRNAs were obtained and a circRNAs-miRNAs-genes interaction networks were constructed by bioinformatics analysis. Furthermore, an axis named circRNA-IGLL1/miR-15a/RNF43 was predicted to participate in the excessive autophagy by targeting RNF43. The target relationship was proved by dual-luciferase reporter assay in vitro. Mechanistically, downregulated circRNA-IGLL1 could suppress the expression of RNF43 in ammonia-exposed jejunum and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was activated. Inhibition of miR-15a reversed autophagy caused by downregulated circRNA-IGLL1. CircRNA-IGLL1 could competitively bind miR-15a to regulate RNF43 expression, thus modulating the occurrence of autophagy. Taken together, our results showed that circRNA-IGLL1/miR-15a/RNF43 axis is involved in ammonia-induced intestinal autophagy in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shengchen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Hongyuan Jing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Nuan Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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Yang L, Liang B, Li J, Zhang X, Chen H, Sun J, Zhang Z. Dapagliflozin alleviates advanced glycation end product induced podocyte injury through AMPK/mTOR mediated autophagy pathway. Cell Signal 2021; 90:110206. [PMID: 34856357 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) contributes to autophagy interruption on podocytes and insufficient autophagy on podocytes is accountable to podocyte injury and eventually accelerates the advancement of DN. SGLT2 inhibitors have been confirmed excellent renoprotection in DN whereas the mechanism for such benefit is not fully illustrated. Here, we report dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, ameliorated the pro-inflammatory cytokines release and apoptosis level concomitant with increasing Synaptopodin level on AGE-induced podocytes. Furthermore, dapagliflozin manifested autophagy promotion on AGE-induced podocytes as evident by the upregulated Beclin and LC3II/LC3I ratio levels attendant with the shrunk p62 level. However, The protective effect of dapagliflozin was blunted by 3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor. Additionally, the effect of dapagliflozin on autophagy was relevant to the regulation of the AMPK-mTOR signal pathway. Taken together, dapagliflozin effectively mitigated AGE-induced podocyte injury through AMPK-mTOR mediated upregulation of autophagy. It may offer a novel mechanism to further elucidate the renoprotective effect on SGLT2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baozhu Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Liao FX, Huang F, Ma WG, Qin KP, Xu PF, Wu YF, Wang H, Chang J, Yin ZS. The New Role of Sirtuin1 in Human Osteoarthritis Chondrocytes by Regulating Autophagy. Cartilage 2021; 13:1237S-1248S. [PMID: 31072129 PMCID: PMC8804807 DOI: 10.1177/1947603519847736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the role of Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) in the regulation of autophagy for human osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes. DESIGN All cartilage samples were collected from human donors, including young group, aged group, and OA group. Primary chondrocytes were isolated and cultured with Sirt1 activator or inhibitor. Sirt1 expression in cartilage tissue and chondrocytes was evaluated, and the deacetylation activity of Sirt1 was determined. The alteration of autophagy activity after upregulating or downregulating Sirt1 was detected. Chondrocytes were treated with autophagy activator and inhibitor, and then the protein level of Sirt1 was examined. The interactions between Sirt1 and autophagy-related proteins Atg7, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), and Beclin-1 were determined by using immunoprecipitation. RESULTS The assay of articular cartilage revealed that the expression of Sirt1 might be age-related: highly expressed in of younger people, and respectively decreased in the elderly people and OA patients. In vitro study was also validated this result. Further study confirmed that higher levels of Sirt1 significantly increased autophagy in aged chondrocytes, while the lower expression of Sirt1 reduced autophagy in young chondrocytes. Of note, the high levels of Sirt1 reduced autophagy in OA chondrocytes. When the chondrocytes were treated with autophagy activator or inhibitor, we found the expression of Sirt1 was not affected. In addition, we found that Sirt1 could interact with Atg7. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Sirt1 in human chondrocytes regulates autophagy by interacting with autophagy related Atg7, and Sirt1 may become a more important target in OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Xue Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People’s
Republic of China,Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Wen-Guang Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Kun-Peng Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Yun-Feng Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Jun Chang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Zong-Sheng Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of
China,Zong-Sheng Yin, Department of Orthopaedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road,
Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, China.
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Understanding the Role of Autophagy in Cancer Formation and Progression Is a Real Opportunity to Treat and Cure Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225622. [PMID: 34830777 PMCID: PMC8616104 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The modulation of autophagy represents a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer. More than one hundred clinical trials have been conducted or are ongoing to explore the efficacy of autophagy modulators to reduce the tumor growth and potentiate the anti-cancer effects of conventional therapy. Despite this, the effective role of autophagy during tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis remains not well understood. Depending on the cancer type and stage of cancer, autophagy may have tumor suppressor properties as well as help cancer cells to proliferate and evade cancer therapy. The current review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the autophagy implications in cancer and report the therapeutic opportunities based on the modulation of the autophagy process. Abstract The malignant transformation of a cell produces the accumulation of several cellular adaptions. These changes determine variations in biological processes that are necessary for a cancerous cell to survive during stressful conditions. Autophagy is the main nutrient recycling and metabolic adaptor mechanism in eukaryotic cells, represents a continuous source of energy and biomolecules, and is fundamental to preserve the correct cellular homeostasis during unfavorable conditions. In recent decades, several findings demonstrate a close relationship between autophagy, malignant transformation, and cancer progression. The evidence suggests that autophagy in the cancer context has a bipolar role (it may act as a tumor suppressor and as a mechanism of cell survival for established tumors) and demonstrates that the targeting of autophagy may represent novel therapeutic opportunities. Accordingly, the modulation of autophagy has important clinical benefits in patients affected by diverse cancer types. Currently, about 30 clinical trials are actively investigating the efficacy of autophagy modulators to enhance the efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy treatments. A deeper understanding of the molecular pathways regulating autophagy in the cancer context will provide new ways to target autophagy for improving the therapeutic benefits. Herein, we describe how autophagy participates during malignant transformation and cancer progression, and we report the ultimate efforts to translate this knowledge into specific therapeutic approaches to treat and cure human cancers.
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Hommen F, Bilican S, Vilchez D. Protein clearance strategies for disease intervention. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 129:141-172. [PMID: 34689261 PMCID: PMC8541819 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, is essential for cell function and viability. Unwanted, damaged, misfolded and aggregated proteins are degraded by the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Growing evidence indicates that alterations in these major proteolytic mechanisms lead to a demise in proteostasis, contributing to the onset and development of distinct diseases. Indeed, dysregulation of the UPS or autophagy is linked to several neurodegenerative, infectious and inflammatory disorders as well as cancer. Thus, modulation of protein clearance pathways is a promising approach for therapeutics. In this review, we discuss recent findings and open questions on how targeting proteolytic mechanisms could be applied for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hommen
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Strasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Saygın Bilican
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Strasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Vilchez
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Strasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Hyttinen J, Blasiak J, Tavi P, Kaarniranta K. Therapeutic potential of PGC-1α in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) - the involvement of mitochondrial quality control, autophagy, and antioxidant response. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:773-785. [PMID: 34637373 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1991913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading, cause of sight loss in the elderly in the Western world. Most patients remain still without any treatment options. The targeting of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), a transcription co-factor, is a putative therapy against AMD. AREAS COVERED The characteristics of AMD and their possible connection with PGC-1α as well as the transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of PGC-1α are discussed. The PGC-1α-driven control of mitochondrial functions, and its involvement in autophagy and antioxidant responses are also examined. Therapeutic possibilities via drugs and epigenetic approaches to enhance PGC-1α expression are discussed. Authors conducted a search of literature mainly from the recent decade from the PubMed database. EXPERT OPINION Therapy options in AMD could include PGC-1α activation or stabilization. This could be achieved by a direct elevation of PGC-1α activity, a stabilization or modification of its upstream activators and inhibitors by chemical compounds, like 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside, metformin, and resveratrol. Furthermore, manipulations with epigenetic modifiers of PGC-1α expression, including miRNAs, e.g. miR-204, are considered. A therapy aimed at PGC-1α up-regulation may be possible in other disorders besides AMD, if they are associated with disturbances in the mitochondria-antioxidant response-autophagy axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha Hyttinen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Pasi Tavi
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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Siva Sankar D, Dengjel J. Protein complexes and neighborhoods driving autophagy. Autophagy 2021; 17:2689-2705. [PMID: 33183148 PMCID: PMC8526019 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1847461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy summarizes evolutionarily conserved, intracellular degradation processes targeting cytoplasmic material for lysosomal degradation. These encompass constitutive processes as well as stress responses, which are often found dysregulated in diseases. Autophagy pathways help in the clearance of damaged organelles, protein aggregates and macromolecules, mediating their recycling and maintaining cellular homeostasis. Protein-protein interaction networks contribute to autophagosome biogenesis, substrate loading, vesicular trafficking and fusion, protein translocations across membranes and degradation in lysosomes. Hypothesis-free proteomic approaches tremendously helped in the functional characterization of protein-protein interactions to uncover molecular mechanisms regulating autophagy. In this review, we elaborate on the importance of understanding protein-protein-interactions of varying affinities and on the strengths of mass spectrometry-based proteomic approaches to study these, generating new mechanistic insights into autophagy regulation. We discuss in detail affinity purification approaches and recent developments in proximity labeling coupled to mass spectrometry, which uncovered molecular principles of autophagy mechanisms.Abbreviations: AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; AP-MS: affinity purification-mass spectrometry; APEX2: ascorbate peroxidase-2; ATG: autophagy related; BioID: proximity-dependent biotin identification; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GFP: green fluorescent protein; iTRAQ: isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification; MS: mass spectrometry; PCA: protein-fragment complementation assay; PL-MS: proximity labeling-mass spectrometry; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; PTM: posttranslational modification; PUP-IT: pupylation-based interaction tagging; RFP: red fluorescent protein; SILAC: stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture; TAP: tandem affinity purification; TMT: tandem mass tag.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jörn Dengjel
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Heduschke A, Ackermann K, Wilhelm B, Mey L, Bonaterra GA, Kinscherf R, Schwarz A. GDF-15 Deficiency Reduces Autophagic Activity in Human Macrophages In Vitro and Decreases p62-Accumulation in Atherosclerotic Lesions in Mice. Cells 2021; 10:2346. [PMID: 34571994 PMCID: PMC8470202 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is associated with cardiovascular diseases and autophagy in human macrophages (MΦ). Thus, we are interested in investigating autophagic mechanisms with special respect to the role of GDF-15. (2) Methods: Recombinant (r)GDF-15 and siRNA GDF-15 were used to investigate the effects of GDF-15 on autophagic and lysosomal activity, as well as autophagosome formation by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in MΦ. To ascertain the effects of GDF-15-/- on the progression of atherosclerotic lesions, we used GDF-15-/-/ApoE-/- and ApoE-/- mice under a cholesterol-enriched diet (CED). Body weight, body mass index (BMI), blood lipid levels and lumen stenosis in the brachiocephalic trunk (BT) were analyzed. Identification of different cell types and localization of autophagy-relevant proteins in atherosclerotic plaques were performed by immunofluorescence. (3) Results: siGDF-15 reduced and, conversely, rGDF-15 increased the autophagic activity in MΦ, whereas lysosomal activity was unaffected. Autophagic degradation after starvation and rGDF-15 treatment was observed by TEM. GDF-15-/-/ApoE-/- mice, after CED, showed reduced lumen stenosis in the BT, while body weight, BMI and triglycerides were increased compared with ApoE-/- mice. GDF-15-/- decreased p62-accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions, especially in endothelial cells (ECs). (4) Conclusion: GDF-15 seems to be an important factor in the regulation of autophagy, especially in ECs of atherosclerotic lesions, indicating its crucial pathophysiological function during atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anja Schwarz
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; (A.H.); (K.A.); (B.W.); (L.M.); (G.A.B.); (R.K.)
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Saikia R, Joseph J. AMPK: a key regulator of energy stress and calcium-induced autophagy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1539-1551. [PMID: 34398293 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a well-known cell-survival strategy orchestrated by a conserved set of proteins. It equips the cells with mechanisms to attain homeostasis during unfavorable conditions such as stress by breaking down the cellular components and reusing them for energy as well as for building new components required for survival. A basal level of autophagy is required for achieving homeostasis under normal conditions through regular turnover of macromolecules and organelles. Initiation of autophagy is regulated by two key components of the nutrient/energy sensor pathways; mammalian target of rapamycin 1 (mTORC1) and AMP-activated kinase (AMPK). Under energy-deprived conditions, AMPK is activated triggering autophagy, whereas, in nutrient-rich conditions, the growth-promoting kinase mTORC1 is activated inhibiting autophagy. Thus, the reciprocal regulation of autophagy by AMPK and mTORC1 defines a fundamental mechanism by which cells respond to nutrient availability. Interestingly, cytoplasmic calcium is also found to be an activator of AMPK and autophagy through a calmodulin/CaMKKβ pathway. However, the physiological significance of the regulation of autophagy by cytoplasmic calcium is currently unclear. This review focuses on the current understanding of the mechanism of autophagy and its regulation by AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimpi Saikia
- National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Jomon Joseph
- National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra State, India.
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Martínez-Sánchez M, Hernandez-Monge J, Rangel M, Olivares-Illana V. Retinoblastoma: from discovery to clinical management. FEBS J 2021; 289:4371-4382. [PMID: 34042282 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The retinoblastoma gene (RB1) was the first tumour suppressor cloned; the role of its protein product (RB) as the principal driver of the G1 checkpoint in cell cycle control has been extensively studied. However, many other RB functions are continuously reported. Its role in senescence, DNA repair and apoptosis, among others, is indications of the significance of RB in a vast network of cellular interactions, explaining why RB loss or its malfunction is one of the leading causes of a large number of paediatric and adult cancers. RB was first reported in retinoblastoma, a common intraocular malignancy in the paediatric population worldwide. Currently, its diagnosis is clinical, and in nondeveloped countries, where the incidence is higher, it is performed in advanced stages of the disease, compromising the integrity of the eye and the patient's life. Even though new treatments are being continuously developed, enucleation is still a major choice due to the late disease stage diagnosis and treatments costs. Research into biomarkers is our best option to improve the chances of good results in the treatment and hopes of patients' good quality of life. Here, we recapitulated the history of the disease and the first treatments to put the advances in its clinical management into perspective. We also review the different functions of the protein and the progress in the search for biomarkers. It is clear that there is still a long way to go, but we should offer these children and their families a better way to deal with the disease with the community's effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Martínez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Biomoleculares y Cancer, Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Jesús Hernandez-Monge
- Catedra CONACyT - Laboratorio de Biomarcadores Moleculares, Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Martha Rangel
- Departamento de Oftalmología. Hospital Central "Ignacio Morones Prieto", San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Vanesa Olivares-Illana
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Biomoleculares y Cancer, Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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Shen K, Liu X, Chen D, Chang J, Zhang Y, Kou X. Voluntary wheel-running exercise attenuates brain aging of rats through activating miR-130a-mediated autophagy. Brain Res Bull 2021; 172:203-211. [PMID: 33964346 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly regulated intracellular process for the degradation of protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Recently, autophagy has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and aging. Autophagy process is regulated by the recruitment and assembly of several autophagy-related genes (Atgs) such as, Atg7 and LC3, as the highly conserved and important markers involved in the regulation of autophagy. We recently reported the reduced LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, down-regulated ATG7, and increased p62 protein levels in hippocampal tissues of aging rats. MicroRNA-130a (miR-130a) plays a crucial role in physiological and pathological processes, but whether miR-130a affects the autophagy of brain is unknown. We aim to explore the regulatory role of miR-130a on the autophagy and cell senescence of SH-SY5Y, as well as LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, and the expression of p62, ATG7, Ac-p53 and p21 during exercise intervention of aging rats. In this study, miR-130a expression was markedly down-regulated in the hippocampal of aged rats companying with up-regulated expression of Ac-p53 and p21 when compared with young rats. In contrast, voluntary wheel running could up-regulate miR-130a expression; decrease the expression of Ac-p53 and p21 in aging rats. Interestingly, exercise reversed the impaired autophagy resulted from aging possibly by activating AMPK signaling. Moreover, overexpression of miR-130a in d-galactose (D-gal)-induced SH-SY5Y cell senescence model attenuated d-gal-induced impaired autophagy and cell senescence, demonstrated by decreased levels of LC3, Ac-p53, p21 and increased p62, suggesting that voluntary wheel running can alleviate brain aging in natural aging rats by up-regulating miR-130a-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyin Shen
- Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xingran Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jingru Chang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xianjuan Kou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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Lee EJ, Neppl RL. Influence of Age on Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy and Atrophy Signaling: Established Paradigms and Unexpected Links. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050688. [PMID: 34063658 PMCID: PMC8147613 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy in an inevitable occurrence with advancing age, and a consequence of disease including cancer. Muscle atrophy in the elderly is managed by a regimen of resistance exercise and increased protein intake. Understanding the signaling that regulates muscle mass may identify potential therapeutic targets for the prevention and reversal of muscle atrophy in metabolic and neuromuscular diseases. This review covers the major anabolic and catabolic pathways that regulate skeletal muscle mass, with a focus on recent progress and potential new players.
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Pileggi CA, Parmar G, Harper ME. The lifecycle of skeletal muscle mitochondria in obesity. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13164. [PMID: 33442950 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle possesses dramatic metabolic plasticity that allows for the rapid adaptation in cellular energy transduction to meet the demands of the organism. Obesity elicits changes in skeletal muscle structure and function, resulting in the accumulation of intramuscular lipids. The accumulation of intramuscular lipids in obesity is associated with impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and function. Mitochondria exist as a dynamic network that is regulated by the processes of biogenesis, fusion, fission, and mitophagy. In this review, we outline adaptations in molecular pathways that regulate mitochondrial structure and function in obesity. We highlight the emerging role of dysregulated skeletal muscle macroautophagy and mitochondrial turnover in obesity. Future research should further elucidate the role of mitophagy in observed reductions in mitochondrial content and function during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal A Pileggi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Gaganvir Parmar
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
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Lin KL, Chen SD, Lin KJ, Liou CW, Chuang YC, Wang PW, Chuang JH, Lin TK. Quality Matters? The Involvement of Mitochondrial Quality Control in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:636295. [PMID: 33829016 PMCID: PMC8019794 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.636295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death and global health problems worldwide. Multiple factors are known to affect the cardiovascular system from lifestyles, genes, underlying comorbidities, and age. Requiring high workload, metabolism of the heart is largely dependent on continuous power supply via mitochondria through effective oxidative respiration. Mitochondria not only serve as cellular power plants, but are also involved in many critical cellular processes, including the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulating cellular survival. To cope with environmental stress, mitochondrial function has been suggested to be essential during bioenergetics adaptation resulting in cardiac pathological remodeling. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction has been advocated in various aspects of cardiovascular pathology including the response to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, hypertension (HTN), and cardiovascular complications related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Therefore, mitochondrial homeostasis through mitochondrial dynamics and quality control is pivotal in the maintenance of cardiac health. Impairment of the segregation of damaged components and degradation of unhealthy mitochondria through autophagic mechanisms may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various cardiac disorders. This article provides in-depth understanding of the current literature regarding mitochondrial remodeling and dynamics in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Lieh Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Der Chen
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jung Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chung Chuang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Metabolism, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Haur Chuang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Kung Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Shi Y, Norberg E, Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg H. Mutant p53 as a Regulator and Target of Autophagy. Front Oncol 2021; 10:607149. [PMID: 33614491 PMCID: PMC7886977 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.607149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most notoriously altered genes in human cancer is the tumor-suppressor TP53, which is mutated with high frequency in more cancers than any other tumor suppressor gene. Beyond the loss of wild-type p53 functions, mutations in the TP53 gene often lead to the expression of full-length proteins with new malignant properties. Among the defined oncogenic functions of mutant p53 is its effect on cell metabolism and autophagy. Due to the importance of autophagy as a stress adaptive response, it is frequently dysfunctional in human cancers. However, the role of p53 is enigmatic in autophagy regulation. While the complex action of the wild-type p53 on autophagy has extensively been described in literature, in this review, we focus on the conceivable role of distinct mutant p53 proteins in regulating different autophagic pathways and further discuss the available evidence suggesting a possible autophagy stimulatory role of mutant p53. Moreover, we describe the involvement of different autophagic pathways in targeting and degrading mutant p53 proteins, exploring the potential strategies of targeting mutant p53 in cancer by autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Norberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Guo JM, Xing HJ, Cai JZ, Zhang HF, Xu SW. H 2S exposure-induced oxidative stress promotes LPS-mediated hepatocyte autophagy through the PI3K/AKT/TOR pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111801. [PMID: 33383342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a common air pollutant and toxic gas, is detrimental to organisms and the environment. Exposure to highly concentrated H2S can induce oxidative stress and autophagy. However, the mechanism underlying the liver damage caused by H2S has not been identified. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the key component of endotoxin, can induce oxidative stress and autophagy. For this experiment, we used one-day-old chickens as model organisms to evaluate the effects of H2S combined with LPS on oxidative stress and autophagy. The four groups (control group, LPS group, H2S group and H2S-LPS group) were observed by electron microscopy, detected by oxidative stress kit, analyzed by quantitative real-time quantitative PCR, and analyzed by Western blot. We found that the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, antioxidant glutathione, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) decreased in the H2S group compared to those in the control group; however, malondialdehyde levels in the H2S group increased. Molecular-level studies showed that the expression of genes associated with the PI3K/ AKT/ TOR pathways in the H2S group decreased, whereas the expression of other autophagy-related genes (Beclin1, ATG5 and the ratio of LC3-II/ LC3-I) increased compared to that in the control group. These findings suggest that H2S caused oxidative stress and induced autophagy through the PI3K/ AKT/ TOR pathway in chicken liver cells. Additionally, exposure to H2S aggravated LPS-induced oxidative stress and autophagy injury. Capsule: Aerial exposure to H2S can cause oxidative stress in chicken livers and induce autophagy through the PI3K/AKT/TOR pathway, and can aggravate LPS-induced oxidative stress and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ming Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Hou-Juan Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jing-Zeng Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Hong-Fu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Shi-Wen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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