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Alsamae AA, Elzilal HA, Alzahrani E, Abo-Dief HM, Sultan MA. A Comparative Cross-sectional Study on Prevalence of Low Birth Weight and its Anticipated Risk Factors. Glob Pediatr Health 2023; 10:2333794X231203857. [PMID: 37846399 PMCID: PMC10576915 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x231203857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. This study aims to highlight the low birth weight (LBW) in Taiz City (Yemen), as LBW is one of the public health challenges experiencing a profound effect on newborns. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study since the interview and medical records were the sources of data to be analyzed by SPSS. Results. The findings of this study include; a high prevalence of LBW (39.11%), the maternal age was not associated with LBW (P = .68), and education level, economic status, residence place, and health status were not associated with LBW (P < .05). Although the pre-pregnancy BMI, during-pregnancy BMI, MUAC, and gestational age were significantly associated with LBW (P < .05), the only risk factor was gestational age (OR = 9.606, CI = 3.988-23.135, P = .00). Conclusion. LBW is highly prevalent in Taiz (Yemen), so providing good healthcare services is essential to manage LBW incidence.
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Pandit NB, Fulmali PR, Chandrayan P, Chauhan K, Bhil DL, Rasania MN. How safe is COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant women and its outcome - A hospital-based retrospective study in Indian population. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:2140-2145. [PMID: 38024942 PMCID: PMC10657075 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_333_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although getting the Covid infection is equal for every person, during pregnancy, the women's immunity is a little lower than usual, so they are more prone to infection. That is why they should be taken care of with more precautions. A vaccine is the best weapon to fight such infection. Covishield and Covaxin are the two vaccines first introduce in country India including for pregnant women. The safety of the vaccine was a big concern as one of them is a newer type of vaccine. The current study was planned with objectives to understand the safety aspect of Covid19 vaccine on pregnancy outcome and Adverse events following immunization (AEFI) following vaccination. Materials and Methods This was a hospital-based retrospective cohort study. The sample size was all the pregnant women who delivered a baby from July 2021 to April 2022 at the tertiary care hospital in Vadodara. These women were retrospectively assessed for the status of vaccination based on the record and other information related to ANC from the record. Total of 1974 women were eligible for study after inclusion-exclusion criteria. The collected data was analysed. Result Of the 1974 pregnant women, 531 (27%) took any of one covid19 vaccine and 1443 (73%) did not take vaccine. There were 511 (96%) women opted for Covishield vaccine and 20 (4%) women who opted for Covaxin. Of 531 women who took vaccination, 46% women had AEFI. The risk of low birth weight (LBW) baby was 40% among vaccinated v/s 39% among non-vaccinated and congenital malformation was 0.6% among vaccinated v/s 1% among non-vaccinated women. On the contrary, the risk of premature birth was 8% among the vaccinated group v/s 13% among the non-vaccinated group and NICU admission following delivery was 8% among the vaccinated group v/s 12% among the non-vaccinated group. Conclusion AEFI among pregnant women were found less compared to the general population. The study also revealed that both Covishield and Covaxin are found safe for pregnancy outcomes and can be given to pregnant women during any trimester of pregnancy message for a family physician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj B. Pandit
- Department of Community Medicine, SBKS MI and RC, Sumandeep Vidypeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Purvi R. Fulmali
- Department of Community Medicine Healthy Mother Healthy Child Project, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Piyusha Chandrayan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dhiraj Hospital, SBKS MIRC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Kishor Chauhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dhiraj Hospital, SBKS MIRC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Dipika L. Bhil
- Department of Paediatrics, Dhiraj Hospital, SBKS MIRC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Manish N. Rasania
- Department of Paediatrics, Dhiraj Hospital, SBKS MIRC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Jana A, Saha UR, Reshmi RS, Muhammad T. Relationship between low birth weight and infant mortality: evidence from National Family Health Survey 2019-21, India. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:28. [PMID: 36803539 PMCID: PMC9942291 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low birth weight (LBW) predisposes physical and mental growth failure and premature death among infants. Studies report that LBW predominately explains infant mortality. However, existing studies rarely demonstrate the phenomenon of both observed and unobserved factors, which may influence the likelihood of birth and mortality outcomes simultaneously. In this study, we identified the spatial clustering of the prevalence of LBW along with its determinants. Further, the relationship between of LBW and infant mortality, considering the unobserved factors, has been explored in the study. METHODS Data for this study have been extracted from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) round 5, 2019-21. We used the directed acyclic graph model to identify the potential predictors of LBW and infant mortality. Moran's I statistics have been used to identify the high-risk areas of LBW. We applied conditional mixed process modelling in Stata software to account for the simultaneous nature of occurrences of the outcomes. The final model has been performed after imputing the missing data of LBW. RESULTS Overall, in India, 53% of the mothers reported their babies' birth weight by seeing health card, 36% reported by recall, and about 10% of the LBW information was observed as missing. The state/union territory of Punjab and Delhi were observed to have the highest levels of LBW (about 22%) which is much higher than the national level (18%). The effect of LBW was more than four times larger compared to the effect in the analysis which does not account for the simultaneous occurrence of LBW and infant mortality (marginal effect; from 12 to 53%). Also, in a separate analysis, the imputation technique has been used to address the missing data. Covariates' effects showed that female children, higher order births, births that occur in Muslim and non-poor families and literate mothers were negatively associated with infant mortality. However, a significant difference was observed in the impact of LBW before and after imputing the missing values. CONCLUSIONS The current findings showed the significant association of LBW with infant deaths, highlighting the importance of prioritising policies that help improve the birth weight of new-born children that may significantly reduce the infant mortality in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Jana
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088, India.
| | - Unnati Rani Saha
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R. S. Reshmi
- grid.419349.20000 0001 0613 2600International Institute for Population Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088 India
| | - T. Muhammad
- grid.419349.20000 0001 0613 2600International Institute for Population Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088 India
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Zhou F, Yang L, Sun W, Wang X, Guo N, Ma H, Yang L. The PPARα/CYP4A14 bile acid pathway is associated with lipid metabolism disorders caused by low birth weight with high-fat diet. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:8994. [PMID: 36794015 PMCID: PMC9899044 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.8994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate possible mechanisms underlying the greater susceptibility of lipid metabolism disorders in low birth weight (LBW) mice fed with high-fat diets (HFDs). Methods LBW mice model was established by using the pregnancy malnutrition method. Male pups were selected from LBW and normal-birth weight (NBW) offspring at random. After 3 weeks of weaning, all offspring mice were fed with HFD. Serum triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), total bile acid (TAB), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), and mice fecal bile acid profiles were measured. Lipid deposition in liver sections was visualized by Oil Red O staining. The weight ratio of liver, muscle, and adiposity was calculated. Tandem mass tag (TMT) combined with LC-MS/MS was used to determine the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of liver tissue in two groups. Bioinformatics was used for further analysis of DEPs to screen key target proteins, and then Western Blot (WB) and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were performed to validate the expressions of DEPs. Results LBW mice fed with HFD showed more severe lipid metabolism disorders in the childhood. In contrast to the NBW group, the serum bile acids and fecal ω-muricholic acid (ω-MCA) levels in the LBW group were significantly lower. LC-MS/MS analysis showed that downregulated proteins were associated with lipid metabolism, and further analysis found that these proteins are mainly concentrated in peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR) and primary bile acid synthesis signaling pathways and are involved in cellular processes and metabolic processes through binding and catalytic functions. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the level of Cytochrome P450 Family 46 Subfamily A Member 1 (CYP46A1), PPARα, key factors of cholesterol metabolism and bile acid synthesis, as well as downstream molecules Cytochrome P450 Family 4 Subfamily A Member 14 (CYP4A14), and Acyl-Coenzyme A Oxidase 2 (ACOX2) are markedly different in the liver of LBW individuals fed with HFD, and confirmed by WB and RT-qPCR. Conclusion LBW mice are more prone to dyslipidemia probably due to downregulated bile acid metabolism-related PPARα/CYP4A14 pathway, resulting in insufficient metabolism of cholesterol to bile acids, which, in turn, leads to elevated blood cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China,Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Linquan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenwen Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Na Guo
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huijuan Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China,Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China,Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China,Huijuan Ma Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Linlin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China,Linlin Yang Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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Quinones S, Mendola P, Tian L, Lin S, Novignon J, Angeles G, Palermo T. Ghana's Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (1000) Program Seasonally Impacts Birthweight: A Difference-in-Differences Analysis. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605336. [PMID: 36891221 PMCID: PMC9986251 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Low birthweight (LBW) prevalence remains high in African countries and evidence of cash transfer impacts on birthweight, particularly by season of infant birth, is limited. This study examines overall and seasonal cash transfer impacts on LBW in rural Ghana. Methods: Data come from a longitudinal, quasi-experimental impact evaluation of the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) 1,000 unconditional cash transfer program for impoverished pregnant or lactating women in rural districts of Northern Ghana. LEAP1000 program impacts on average birthweight and LBW were estimated for a multiply imputed sample of 3,258 and a panel sample of 1,567 infants using differences-in-differences models and triple difference models to assess impacts by season. Results: LEAP1000 decreased LBW prevalence by 3.5 and 4.1 percentage points overall and in the dry season, respectively. LEAP1000 increased average birthweight by 94, 109, and 79 g overall, in the dry season, and in the rainy season, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings of positive LEAP1000 impacts on birthweight across seasons and on LBW in the dry season demonstrate the need to take seasonal vulnerabilities into account when designing and implementing programs for rural populations in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Quinones
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Pauline Mendola
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Lili Tian
- Department of Biostatistics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Shao Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Jacob Novignon
- Department of Economics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Gustavo Angeles
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Tia Palermo
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
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Hendrixson DT, Lasowski PN, Koroma AS, Manary MJ. Newborn Mid-Upper Arm Circumference Identifies Low-Birth Weight and Vulnerable Infants: A Secondary Analysis. Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzac138. [PMID: 36475019 PMCID: PMC9718650 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Low birth weight (LBW) infants are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Identification of LBW may not occur in settings where access to reliable scales is limited. Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) may be an accessible, low-cost measure to identify LBW and vulnerable infants. Objectives We explored the validity of newborn MUAC in identifying LBW and vulnerable newborns in rural Sierra Leone. Methods This study was a secondary analysis of infant data from a randomized controlled clinical trial of supplementary food and anti-infective therapies compared with standard care for undernourished pregnant women. Data for singleton liveborn infants with birth measurement and 6-mo survival data were included in this analysis. The primary outcome was validity of MUAC in identifying low-birth weight (LBW) neonates. Secondary outcomes included validity of MUAC and head circumference (HC) in identifying weight-for-length z-score (WLZ) <-2, length-for-age z-score (LAZ) <-2, neonatal mortality, and mortality within the first 6 mo of life. Results The study population included 1167 infants, 229 (19.6%) with LBW. Birth MUAC (r = 0.817) and HC (r = 0.752) were highly correlated with birth weight. MUAC (AUC: 0.905; 95% CI: 0.884, 0.925) performed superiorly to HC (AUC: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.856, 0.904) in identifying LBW. The MUAC for identifying LBW was 9.6 cm (sensitivity: 0.86; specificity: 0.78). Neither MUAC nor HC reliably identified newborns with WLZ <-2 or LAZ <-2. MUAC ≤9.0 cm was the ideal cutoff for neonatal mortality (sensitivity: 53.3%; specificity: 89.7%; HR: 9.57; 95% CI: 1.86, 49.30). Birth anthropometrics did not reliably identify infants at risk of death in the first 6 mo of life. Conclusions MUAC was used successfully to identify LBW infants and infants at risk of neonatal mortality in Sierra Leone. Further evidence is needed to support increased use of newborn MUAC measurement to identify LBW infants and infants at risk of neonatal mortality in community settings where scales are not available. Primary trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03079388. Lay Summary Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) can be used to identify infants with low birth weight and infants at risk for neonatal mortality, with an MUAC ≤9.0 cm indicating the highest risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aminata Shamit Koroma
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, The Republic of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Mark J Manary
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Mamidi RS, Banjara SK, Manchala S, Babu CK, Geddam JJB, Boiroju NK, Varanasi B, Neeraja G, Reddy GVR, Ramalakshmi BA, Hemalatha R, Meur G. Maternal Nutrition, Body Composition and Gestational Weight Gain on Low Birth Weight and Small for Gestational Age-A Cohort Study in an Indian Urban Slum. Children (Basel) 2022; 9:children9101460. [PMID: 36291396 PMCID: PMC9600910 DOI: 10.3390/children9101460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Maternal nutritional status and care during pregnancy are essential for adequate birth weight. In this prospective cohort study (N = 1061) in an urban slum, we investigated the association of maternal anthropometry, body composition, gestational weight gain and dietary intakes with low birthweight (LBW, <2.5 kg). About one-third of the women were short (<150 cm), 35% were underweight (<45 kg), 23% suffered from chronic energy deficiency (CED, BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) and another 30% were overweight/obese. The mean age and BMI were 23 years and 21.7 kg/m2, respectively, and haemoglobin was 10.73 g/dL. The mean birthweight (N = 605) was 2.81 ± 0.5 kg, and the average gestational age was 38 ± 2 weeks. About 15% of infants had LBW, and 48% were small for gestational age (SGA). Maternal body composition was assessed by skinfold thickness (SFT) in all trimesters. In the first trimester (N = 762), we found that mean fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM) and body fat percentage (% BF) were 38.86 kg, 11.43 kg and 21.55%, respectively. Low birthweight was significantly associated with preterm deliveries (p < 0.001) and less fat free mass (p = 0.02) in the third trimester. Among other factors were age (p = 0.017), maternal anthropometry (height: p = 0.031; weight: p = 0.059) and fewer antenatal check-ups (p = 0.037). Small size (SGA) was consistently associated with maternal bodyweight at all trimesters (term I, p = 0.013, term II, p = 0.003 and term III, p < 0.001), fat mass in the third trimester (p < 0.001) and maternal height (p = 0.003).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Sriswan Mamidi
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | | | - Sridevi Manchala
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Ch Khadar Babu
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - J. J. Babu Geddam
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Boiroju
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Bhaskar Varanasi
- Public Health Nutrition, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - G. Neeraja
- Public Health Nutrition, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - G. Venkat Raji Reddy
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - B. A. Ramalakshmi
- Clinical Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - R. Hemalatha
- Clinical Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500 007, India
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (G.M.); Tel.: +91-4027197200 (R.H.); +91-4027197472 (G.M.)
| | - Gargi Meur
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500 007, India
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (G.M.); Tel.: +91-4027197200 (R.H.); +91-4027197472 (G.M.)
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Zhou F, Yang L, Yang L, Wang X, Guo N, Sun W, Ma H. Trpc5-regulated AMPKα/mTOR autophagy pathway is associated with glucose metabolism disorders in low birth weight mice under overnutrition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 630:1-7. [PMID: 36122525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that low birth weight (LBW) individuals are at higher risk of glucose metabolism disorders compared with normal birth weight (NBW) individuals under overnutrition conditions, but the mechanism remains unclear. To explore the underlying mechanism of glucose metabolism disorders induced by LBW under overnutrition in adulthood, the prenatal malnutrition method was applied to ICR mice to establish the LBW mice model and high-fat diets were used to mimic overnutrition conditions. Then the mechanism was further explored on Hepg2 cells treated with nutritional deprivation plus palmitic acid. The results showed that LBW plus high-fat interventions will cause glucose metabolism disorders and inhibit autophagy flux in adulthood. Moreover, the expression of TRPC5-regulated AMPK/mTOR autophagy pathway was downregulated by LBW with high-fat interventions. Collectively, LBW plus high-fat intervention increased the risk of glucose metabolism disorders, which may be related to the alteration of TRPC5 expression level and its regulation of the AMPKα/mTOR autophagy pathway. This study may provide a fundamental basis for the molecular mechanism of glucose metabolism disorders induced by LBW with high-fat diets in adulthood and a new target for the treatment of metabolic diseases in LBW individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Linlin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Linquan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Na Guo
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wenwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Huijuan Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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Reimann L, Brytan Z, Jania G. Influence of Filler Metal on Electrochemical Characteristics of a Laser-Welded CoCrMoW Alloy Used in Prosthodontics. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:5721. [PMID: 36013855 PMCID: PMC9412628 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper sought to determine corrosion resistance changes in the artificial saliva of a CoCrMoW-based alloy used for dental prostheses under Nd:YAG laser welding with CoCr alloy and stainless steel wire filler metals. The paper presents the corrosion characteristics of such joints, including the next stage of porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) firing. Corrosion tests were performed by electrochemical methods registering anodic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The microstructures were assessed by scanning microscopy (SEM) and chemical composition analysis (EDS) at the connection and heat-affected zones. Welding CoCrMoW alloy with and without a filler material increased the open circuit potential of the samples by 40-100 mV compared to unwelded base alloy. At the same time, a potentiodynamic test showed a polarization resistance Rpol reduction in welded samples, both for CoCr and stainless steel wires, as compared to the base CoCrMoW material. On the other hand, when comparing the current density and polarization resistance between materials welded with two different filler metals, better results were obtained for samples welded with stainless steel wire. The polarization resistance Rpol for the base alloy was 402 kΩ·cm2, for the CoCr wire weld it was 436 kΩ·cm2, and the value was 452 kΩ·cm2 for stainless steel wire welds. Comparing polarization resistance Rpol from the Tafel analysis and the total charge transfer resistance from Rp(EIS) from EIS, the CoCrMoW alloy welded with a stainless steel wire after heat treatment equaled or even slightly exceeded the corrosion resistance of the base alloy and alloy welded with dedicated CoCr wire after heat treatment. These results indicated the possibility of using stainless steel wire for the laser welding of CoCrMoW alloys dental prostheses, including the next stage of PFM, without sacrificing the corrosion resistance of such connections, and this was confirmed by most electrochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Reimann
- Materials Research Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego St. 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Brytan
- Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian, University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Jania
- Dental Engineering Laboratory Grzegorz Jania, 48-200 Prudnik, Poland
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Yang L, Wang W, Mao B, Qiu J, Guo H, Yi B, He X, Lin X, Lv L, Xu X, Liu Q, Cao Y, Chen Y. Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation, Dietary Folate Intake, and Low Birth Weight: A Birth Cohort Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:844150. [PMID: 35757618 PMCID: PMC9218084 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.844150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the independent and collective effects of maternal folic acid supplementation or dietary folate intake on the risk of low birth weight (LBW), and to further comprehensively examine the joint associations of folic acid supplementation and dietary folate intake with LBW by various clinical subtypes. Design Participants were recruited from Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital. A standardized and structured questionnaire was distributed to collect demographic factors, reproductive and medical history, occupational and residential history, physical activity, and diet. Data on pregnancy-related complications and birth outcomes were extracted from medical records. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for single and joint associations of folic acid supplementation and dietary folate intake with LBW. Setting A birth cohort data analysis using the 2010–2012 Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital in Lanzhou, China. Participants In total, 9,231 pregnant women and their children were enrolled in the study. Results Compared with non-users, folic acid supplementation was associated with a reduced risk of LBW (OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.66–0.97), and the reduced risk was mainly seen for term-LBW (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.41–0.85), and multiparous-LBW (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.54–0.94). There were no significant associations between dietary folate intake and LBW, and there was no interaction between folic acid supplement and dietary folate intake on LBW. Conclusions Our study results indicated that folic acid supplementation was associated with a reduced risk of LBW, and there was no interaction between folic acid supplements and dietary folate intake on LBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yang
- Department of Public Health and Infection Management, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Information Administration, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baohong Mao
- Department of Information Administration, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Department of Information Administration, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huaqi Guo
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Information Administration, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun He
- Department of Information Administration, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Lin
- Department of Information Administration, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ling Lv
- Department of Information Administration, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Xu
- Department of Information Administration, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Information Administration, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongchun Cao
- Department of Operation Management, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Department of Human Resource, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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11
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Liu D, Li S, Zhang B, Kang Y, Cheng Y, Zeng L, Chen F, Mi B, Qu P, Zhao D, Zhu Z, Yan H, Wang D, Dang S. Maternal Hemoglobin Concentrations and Birth Weight, Low Birth Weight ( LBW), and Small for Gestational Age (SGA): Findings from a Prospective Study in Northwest China. Nutrients 2022; 14:858. [PMID: 35215507 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Birth weight and related outcomes have profound influences on life cycle health, but the effect of maternal hemoglobin concentration during pregnancy on birth weight is still unclear. This study aims to reveal the associations between maternal hemoglobin concentrations in different trimesters of pregnancy and neonatal birth weight, LBW, and SGA. This was a prospective study based on a cluster-randomized controlled trial conducted from July 2015 to December 2019 in rural areas of Northwest China. Information on maternal socio-demographic status, health-related factors, antenatal visits, and neonatal birth outcomes were collected. A total of 3748 women and their babies were included in the final analysis. A total of 65.1% and 46.3% of the participants had anemia or hemoglobin ≥ 130 g/L during pregnancy. In the third trimester, maternal hemoglobin concentration was associated with birth weight in an inverted U-shaped curve and with the risks of LBW and SGA in extended U-shaped curves. The relatively higher birth weight and lower risks for LBW and SGA were observed when hemoglobin concentration was 100–110 g/L. When maternal hemoglobin was <70 g/L or >130 g/L, the neonatal birth weight was more than 100 g lower than that when the maternal hemoglobin was 100 g/L. In conclusion, both low and high hemoglobin concentrations in the third trimester could be adverse to fetal weight growth and increase the risks of LBW and SGA, respectively. In addition to severe anemia, maternal hemoglobin >130 g/L in the third trimester should be paid great attention to in the practice of maternal and child health care.
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12
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Cozzani M, Aradhya S, Goisis A. The cognitive development from childhood to adolescence of low birthweight children born after medically assisted reproduction-a UK longitudinal cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:1523-1525. [PMID: 34468744 PMCID: PMC8580264 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research has documented that children conceived through medically assisted reproduction (MAR) are at increased risk of poor birth outcomes, such as low birthweight (LBW), which are risk factors for stunted longer-term cognitive development. However, parents who undergo MAR to conceive have, on average, advantaged socioeconomic backgrounds which could compensate for the negative effects of being born LBW. Previous studies have not analysed whether the negative effects of LBW are attenuated among MAR conceived children. Methods We draw on the UK Millennium Cohort Study (sweeps 1–6) which contains a sub-sample of (N = 396) MAR-conceived children. The dependent variable measures cognitive ability at around ages 3, 5, 7, 11 and 14. We examine the cognitive development of four groups of children: MAR-conceived low birthweight (MAR LBW); MAR-conceived non-low birthweight (MAR NLBW); naturally conceived low birthweight (NC LBW); naturally conceived non-low birthweight (NC NLBW). We estimate the two following linear regression models for each sweep: (i) a baseline model to examine the unadjusted association between cognitive development and low birthweight by mode of conception; and (ii) a model adjusted by socio-demographic family characteristics. Results In baseline models, MAR LBW children [age 3: β = 0.021, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.198, 0.241; age 5: β = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.009, 0.418; age 7: β = 0.163, 95% CI: -0.148, 0.474; age 11: β = 0.003, 95% CI: -0.318, 0.325; age 14: β = 0.156, 95% CI: -0.205, 0.517], on average perform similarly in cognitive ability relative to NC NLBW at all ages, and display higher cognitive scores than NC LBW children until age 7. When we account for family characteristics, differences are largely attenuated and become close to zero at age 14. Conclusions Despite the higher incidence of LBW among MAR compared with NC children, they do not seem to experience any disadvantage in their cognitive development compared with naturally conceived children. This finding is likely explained by the fact that, on average, MAR children are born to socioeconomically advantaged parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cozzani
- Department of Social and Political Science, European University Institute, San Domenico di Fiesole, Italy
| | - Siddartha Aradhya
- Stockholm University Demography Unit (SUDA), Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alice Goisis
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
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13
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Bhunu B, Riccio I, Intapad S. Insights into the Mechanisms of Fetal Growth Restriction-Induced Programming of Hypertension. Integr Blood Press Control 2021; 14:141-152. [PMID: 34675650 PMCID: PMC8517636 DOI: 10.2147/ibpc.s312868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, both clinical and animal studies have shown that fetal growth restriction (FGR), caused by exposure to adverse uterine environments, is a risk factor for hypertension as well as for a variety of adult diseases. This observation has shaped and informed the now widely accepted theory of developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). There is a plethora of evidence supporting the association of FGR with increased risk of adult hypertension; however, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this correlation remain unclear. This review aims to explain the current advances in the field of fetal programming of hypertension and a brief narration of the underlying mechanisms that may link FGR to increased risk of adult hypertension. We explain the theory of DOHaD and then provide evidence from both clinical and basic science research which support the theory of fetal programming of adult hypertension. In addition, we have explored the underlying mechanisms that may link FGR to an increased risk of adult hypertension. These mechanisms include epigenetic changes, metabolic disorders, vascular dysfunction, neurohormonal impairment, and alterations in renal physiology and function. We further describe sex differences seen in the developmental origins of hypertension and provide insights into the opportunities and challenges present in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bhunu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Isabel Riccio
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Suttira Intapad
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
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14
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Champion S. Assessment of Hearing in High Risk Infants, Using Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 73:383-388. [PMID: 34471628 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-02363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing plays a basic and important role in language, speech and intellectual development. A hearing impaired child develops psychological, social, educational and cognitive problems. The aim is to evaluate the hearing in high-risk neonates using BERA. 50 High risk admissions in the NICU and high- risk infants presenting to the OPD of our hospital for a period of 2 years were included in the study. Of the 50 high-risk infants, 44 (88%) cases had impaired BERA, remaining 6 (12%) had normal hearing threshold. LBW and hyperbilirubinemia were found to have strong relationship with hearing impairment (p value 0.04 and 0.03 respectively) and OR of 1.98 and 1.75 respectively. Elevated auditory threshold was found more frequently in infants with multiple clinical adverse factors than in those having single risk factor (36/50 vs. 8/50, p < 0.009). Proportion of infants with impaired BERA was high in infants with low birth weight and hyperbilirubinemia in exchange range. Screening by BERA at an early age is beneficial for early diagnosis of hearing impairment, so that possible interventions can be used as early as possible and prevent developmental delays in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Champion
- Faculty, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, India
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15
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Rifai NA, Abdullah MT, Russeng SS. Risk factors of low birth weight in Prof. Dr. H.M. Anwar Makkatutu Bantaeng general hospital in 2019. Enferm Clin 2021. [PMID: 32545115 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.10.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the risk factors for the incidence of LBW. METHODS The research uses observational analytic with a case-control study design with a sample of 126 people, the data were analyzed using chi-square and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS There were 3 variables which were risk factors for the incidence of LBW, exposure to cigarette smoke with OR=3.441, nutritional status OR=3.224, and utilization of ANC OR=3.185, with a significance level of each p<0.05). CONCLUSION Pregnant women are advised to routinely check their pregnancy, with a minimum of 4 examinations during pregnancy because by carrying out ANC all factors can be prevented, abnormalities that might arise quickly are known and immediately overcome before adversely affecting pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Aryani Rifai
- Reproductive Health Department, Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia.
| | - M Tahir Abdullah
- Reproductive Health Department, Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
| | - Syamsiar S Russeng
- Occupational Health and Safety Department, Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
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16
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Ayuso M, Irwin R, Walsh C, Van Cruchten S, Van Ginneken C. Low birth weight female piglets show altered intestinal development, gene expression, and epigenetic changes at key developmental loci. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21522. [PMID: 33734504 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002587r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal development is compromised in low birth weight (LBW) pigs, negatively impacting their growth, health, and resilience. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of the altered intestinal maturation observed in neonatal and juvenile LBW female piglets by comparing the changes in intestinal morphology, gene expression, and methylation in LBW versus normal birth weight (NBW) female piglets. A total of 16 LBW/NBW sibling pairs were sacrificed at 0 hours, 8 hours, 10 days, and 8 weeks of age. The gastrointestinal tract was weighed, measured, and the small intestine was sampled for histomorphology, gene expression, and methylation analyses. Impaired intestinal development, with shorter villi and shallower crypts, was observed in LBW female piglets. The expression of intestinal development markers (ALPI and OLFM) rapidly peaked after birth in NBW but not in LBW female piglets. The lower expression of genes involved in nutrient digestion (ANPEP and SI) and barrier function (OCLN and CLDN4) in LBW, together with their delayed development of intestinal villi and crypts could help to explain the compromised health and growth potential of LBW female piglets. The changes in methylation observed in LBW in key regulators of intestinal development (OLFM4 and FZD5) suggest long-term effects of BW on intestinal gene expression, development, and function. Accordingly, experimental demethylation induced in IPEC-J2 cells led to increased expression of intestinal genes (MGA, DPP4, and GLUT2). Overall, we have identified the alterations in transcription or epigenetic marking at a number of genes critical to intestinal development, which may contribute to both the short- and long-term failure of LBW female piglets to thrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ayuso
- Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Rachelle Irwin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Colum Walsh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Steven Van Cruchten
- Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Chris Van Ginneken
- Comparative Perinatal Development, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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17
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Cozzani M, Aradhya S, Goisis A. The cognitive development from childhood to adolescence of low birthweight children born after medically assisted reproduction-a UK longitudinal cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:1514-1523. [PMID: 33693716 PMCID: PMC8580276 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research has documented that children conceived through medically assisted reproduction (MAR) are at increased risk of poor birth outcomes, such as low birthweight (LBW), which are risk factors for stunted longer-term cognitive development. However, parents who undergo MAR to conceive have, on average, advantaged socioeconomic backgrounds which could compensate for the negative effects of being born LBW. Previous studies have not analysed whether the negative effects of LBW are attenuated among MAR conceived children. Methods We draw on the UK Millennium Cohort Study (sweeps 1–6) which contains a sub-sample of (N = 396) MAR-conceived children. The dependent variable measures cognitive ability at around ages 3, 5, 7, 11 and 14. We examine the cognitive development of four groups of children: MAR-conceived low birthweight (MAR LBW); MAR-conceived non-low birthweight (MAR NLBW); naturally conceived low birthweight (NC LBW); naturally conceived non-low birthweight (NC NLBW). We estimate the two following linear regression models for each sweep: (i) a baseline model to examine the unadjusted association between cognitive development and low birthweight by mode of conception; and (ii) a model adjusted by socio-demographic family characteristics. Results In baseline models, MAR LBW children [age 3: β = 0.021, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.198, 0.241; age 5: β = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.009, 0.418; age 7: β = 0.163, 95% CI: -0.148, 0.474; age 11: β = 0.003, 95% CI: -0.318, 0.325; age 14: β = 0.156, 95% CI: -0.205, 0.517], on average perform similarly in cognitive ability relative to NC NLBW at all ages, and display higher cognitive scores than NC LBW children until age 7. When we account for family characteristics, differences are largely attenuated and become close to zero at age 14. Conclusions Despite the higher incidence of LBW among MAR compared with NC children, they do not seem to experience any disadvantage in their cognitive development compared with naturally conceived children. This finding is likely explained by the fact that, on average, MAR children are born to socioeconomically advantaged parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cozzani
- Department of Social and Political Science, European University Institute, San Domenico di Fiesole, Italy
| | - Siddartha Aradhya
- Stockholm University Demography Unit (SUDA), Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alice Goisis
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
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18
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Vakalopoulos A, Dharmage SC, Dharmaratne S, Jayasinghe P, Lall O, Ambrose I, Weerasooriya R, Bui DS, Yasaratne D, Heyworth J, Bowatte G. Household Air Pollution from Biomass Fuel for Cooking and Adverse Fetal Growth Outcomes in Rural Sri Lanka. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18041878. [PMID: 33671963 PMCID: PMC7918999 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of biomass fuel for cooking on adverse fetal growth outcomes in Sri Lanka. A cross-sectional study of mothers recruited at maternity clinics in rural communities in Sri Lanka’s Central Province was undertaken. Data pertaining to household air pollution and fetal growth parameters were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to evaluate the impact of biomass fuel for cooking on low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) parameters. Findings showed that exposure to biomass cooking fuels during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of LBW adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.74 (95% CI 1.08–6.96) and SGA (aOR: 1.87, 95% CI 1.03–3.41) compared with the use of clean energy. The risk of LBW was highest for traditional biomass stoves compared to improved biomass stoves (aOR: 3.23, 95% 1.17–8.89) and biomass use in kitchens without a chimney compared to kitchens with a chimney (aOR: 4.63, 95% 1.54–13.93). Similar trends were observed for SGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Vakalopoulos
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; (A.V.); (O.L.); (I.A.); (D.S.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Shyamali C. Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; (A.V.); (O.L.); (I.A.); (D.S.B.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Samath Dharmaratne
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka;
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Pasan Jayasinghe
- Department of Health Services, Central Province, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka;
| | - Olivia Lall
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; (A.V.); (O.L.); (I.A.); (D.S.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Isabella Ambrose
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; (A.V.); (O.L.); (I.A.); (D.S.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Rohan Weerasooriya
- National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka;
| | - Dinh S. Bui
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; (A.V.); (O.L.); (I.A.); (D.S.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Duminda Yasaratne
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka;
| | - Jane Heyworth
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Gayan Bowatte
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; (A.V.); (O.L.); (I.A.); (D.S.B.); (G.B.)
- National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka;
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
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19
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Skröder H, Pettersson H, Norlén F, Gustavsson P, Rylander L, Albin M, Selander J. Occupational exposure to whole body vibrations and birth outcomes - A nationwide cohort study of Swedish women. Sci Total Environ 2021; 751:141476. [PMID: 32871309 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More women in reproductive ages are entering occupations where exposure to whole body vibrations (WBV) is common (e.g. in transportation and construction). Previous studies based on self-assessed exposure suggest increased risks of adverse birth outcomes, but it is unclear at what exposure levels and if the current exposure guidelines are appropriate during pregnancy. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether occupational WBV-exposure increases the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and/or small-for-gestational age, in a large, nationwide, prospective, cohort study. DESIGN The Fetal Air Pollution Exposure cohort (FAIR) was formed by merging data from multiple, national registers, and the present study includes singletons born 1994-2014 to working women in Sweden (n = 1,091,080 births). WBV-exposure was assessed quantitatively using a job-exposure matrix based on measurements, and calculated odds ratios were adjusted for potential confounders such as smoking and BMI, and other occupational exposures like noise, combustion particles, and physically and psychologically strenuous work. Data on absence from work (full-/part time, sick leave, parental leave, etc.) was also used. RESULTS Exposure to WBV during pregnancy, among women with low absence from work (n = 476,419), was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, below the occupational exposure limit (1.15 m/s2). Compared to unexposed mothers, the OR was 1.38 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.83) for exposure ≥0.5 m/s2, corresponding to an increase from 47/1000 cases to 65/1000 cases. No increased risk was found for small-for-gestational age. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to WBV was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth. The results suggest that the current permissible exposure and action levels for WBV-exposure do not adequately protect pregnant women with continuous exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Skröder
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - H Pettersson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - F Norlén
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Gustavsson
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Rylander
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Box 188, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - M Albin
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Selander
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Patnaik N. Study the effect of increased maternal BMI on foetal outcome: A prospective observational study. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:5906-5908. [PMID: 33681017 PMCID: PMC7928135 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1104_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To study the effect of increased maternal BMI on fetal outcome. Materials and Methods The present descriptive cross-sectional study entitled was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The study includes 100 subjects who have taken antenatal care at the hospital. Descriptive statistics included computation of percentages, means and standard deviations were calculated using SPSS version 20. Results Mean age was 27.21 years, mean BMI (kg/m2) was 27.49 and mean weight gain was 7.14 kgs. Most common neonatal complication was Low Birth Weight (7%) followed by Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (6%), Sepsis (6%). Neonatal death was observed among 5% subjects and still birth was reported among 4%. Conclusion Present study confirmed that maternal obesity is associated with an increased risk of neonatal complications like Low Birth Weight, Meconium Aspiration Syndrome and Sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabnita Patnaik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, AIIMS, Bibinagar, Telangana, India
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Hussaini KS, Gardesey MD, Yocher G, Paul DA. Evaluating the Health Outcomes of the Healthy Women Healthy Babies Program in Delaware. Matern Child Health J 2020; 24:1259-66. [PMID: 32654015 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-020-02972-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Delaware Healthy Women Healthy Babies Program (HWHB) was developed in response to increasing rates of infant mortality (IMR) and widening racial disparity. The primary aim of this study was to examine birth outcomes of enrolled and non-enrolled black and Hispanic women in the program whose payer was Medicaid. METHODS We utilized a retrospective cohort of linked birth certificate and HWHB program participant data during 2011-2015. Our primary outcome variables (dependent variables) of interest included cigarette use, low birth weight, preterm birth and neonatal mortality. We utilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and estimated crude odds ratios (COR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using IPTW as a weight variable. RESULTS HWHB enrolled women were 10% less likely to smoke during pregnancy COR 0.89 (95% CI 0.82-0.96); were 9% less likely to deliver a low birth weight infant (AOR 0.91; 95% CI 0.84-0.99; p = 0.023); were 15% less likely to deliver a preterm infant (AOR 0.85; 0.78-0.92; p < .0001) as compared with non-HWHB women. Infants delivered by HWHB enrolled women had 27% less likelihood (AOR 0.73; 95% CI 0.54-0.98; p = 0.035) of experiencing a neonatal death (i.e., < 28 days) as compared with infants of non-enrolled HWHB women. CONCLUSION The primary goal of this evaluation was to assess the effectiveness of the HWHB program on modifiable risk factors of IMR among HWHB enrolled and non-enrolled women. We found that HWHB program is a promising practice in improving the outcomes of infants born to participating black and Hispanic mothers.
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Steinle S, Johnston HJ, Loh M, Mueller W, Vardoulakis S, Tantrakarnapa K, Cherrie JW. In Utero Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution during Pregnancy: Impact on Birth Weight and Health through the Life Course. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E8948. [PMID: 33271938 PMCID: PMC7730886 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In high-income countries, and increasingly in lower- and middle-income countries, chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become the primary health burden. It is possible that in utero exposure to environmental pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) may have an impact on health later in life, including the development of NCDs. Due to a lack of data on foetal growth, birth weight is often used in epidemiologic studies as a proxy to assess impacts on foetal development and adverse birth outcomes since it is commonly recorded at birth. There are no research studies with humans that directly link PM exposure in utero to birth weight (BW) and subsequently, the effects of lower BW on health outcomes in old age. It is, however, plausible that such associations exist, and it is thus important to assess the potential public health impacts of PM across the life course, and it is plausible to use birth weight as an indicator of risk. We therefore split this narrative review into two parts. In the first part, we evaluated the strength of the evidence on the impact of PM exposure during the entire pregnancy on birth weight outcomes in ten meta-analyses. In the second part, we reviewed the literature linking lower birth weight to childhood and adult chronic cardiovascular disease to explore the potential implications of PM exposure in utero on health later in life. Within the reviewed meta-studies on birth weight, there is sufficient evidence that PM pollution is associated with lower birth weight, i.e., the majority of meta-studies found statistically significant reductions in birth weight. From the second part of the review, it is evident that there is good evidence of associations between lower birth weight and subsequent cardiovascular disease risk. It is thus plausible that in utero exposure to PM is associated with lower birth weight and persisting biological changes that could be associated with adverse health effects in adulthood. Based on the reviewed evidence, however, the magnitude of later life cardiovascular health impacts from in utero exposure and its impact on BW are likely to be small compared to health effects from exposure to particulate air pollution over a whole lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Steinle
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Avenue North, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK; (S.S.); (M.L.); (W.M.); (S.V.)
| | - Helinor J. Johnston
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK;
| | - Miranda Loh
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Avenue North, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK; (S.S.); (M.L.); (W.M.); (S.V.)
| | - William Mueller
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Avenue North, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK; (S.S.); (M.L.); (W.M.); (S.V.)
| | - Sotiris Vardoulakis
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Avenue North, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK; (S.S.); (M.L.); (W.M.); (S.V.)
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Kraichat Tantrakarnapa
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, MAHIDOL University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - John W. Cherrie
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Avenue North, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK; (S.S.); (M.L.); (W.M.); (S.V.)
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK;
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Ma XW, Fan WQ. Earlier Nutrient Fortification of Breastmilk Fed LBW Infants Improves Jaundice Related Outcomes. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2116. [PMID: 32708857 PMCID: PMC7400820 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate jaundice outcomes of low-birthweight premature infants commenced on earlier versus later nutrient supplementation (80 mL/kg/day vs. 160 mL/kg/day; total fluid intake, F80 vs. F160). Demographics, feeding regimens, and clinical outcomes data were collected. Infant and maternal characteristics were similar. Earlier nutrient supplementation was associated with multiple improved jaundice outcomes: total (TSBR), unconjugated and conjugated (CSBR) serum bilirubin values (196 ± 46 vs. 228 ± 52, 184 ± 44 vs. 212 ± 50, 12 ± 4 vs. 16 ± 5, respectively, all p < 0.001); phototherapy (39% vs. 64%, p < 0.0001). % CSBR/TSBR ratio was similar between groups. For those on phototherapy, duration and median irradiance were similar. F80 infants experienced reduced: feeding intolerance (26.0% vs. 45.2%, p = 0.007); length of stay (16.0 ± 0.64 vs. 18.8 ± 0.74 days, p = 0.03), maximum weight loss as % birth weight (5% vs. 6%, p = 0.03); decrease in weight Z-score at 10 days (-0.70 ± 0.03 vs. -0.79 ± 0.03, p = 0.01). F80 infants regained birthweight earlier (10.0 ± 0.3 days vs. 11.5 ± 0.3 days, p < 0.0001) and had no differences in adverse clinical outcomes. We speculate that earlier nutrient supplementation improved jaundice outcomes due to enhanced excretion/elimination of bilirubin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wei Ma
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Wei Qi Fan
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
- Department of Paediatrics, The Northern Hospital, 185 Cooper Street, Epping, VIC 3076, Australia
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San Martin Porter MA, Kisely S, Betts KS, Alati R. The effect of antenatal screening for depression on neonatal birthweight and gestation. Women Birth 2020; 34:389-395. [PMID: 32622751 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antenatal depression has been associated with poor perinatal outcomes such as preterm birth and low birth weight. Universal screening of perinatal depression has been recommended to improve maternal and pregnancy outcomes. HYPOTHESIS AND AIM We hypothesise that screening for antenatal depressive symptoms may reduce the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight. To assess the hypothesis, we explore the association between antenatal depression screening using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and neonatal outcomes. METHODS A retrospective analysis of state-wide population-based health administrative data. Inclusion criteria were pregnant women who gave birth to a singleton in Queensland in the second half of 2015 (29,543 women). Logistic regression analyses were run in 27,817 women with information in all variables. Main outcomes were preterm birth (<37 weeks of gestation) and low birth weight (<2500 grs). RESULTS Women who did not complete the screening had increased odds of preterm birth (AOR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.39-1.74; p < 0.001) and low birth weight (AOR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.30-1.68; p < 0.001) before and after adjustments for relevant confounders when compared to women who completed the screening. Sensitivity analyses performed in women with spontaneous labour and in women without a diagnosis of depression showed similar results. CONCLUSION(S) We found an association between screening for depressive symptoms during pregnancy and better neonatal outcomes. However, this result does not necessarily infer causality. Any association may represent a previously unknown benefit to screening, which could support the case for universal antenatal depression screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steve Kisely
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kim S Betts
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- Institute for Social Science Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Hussein H, Shamsipour M, Yunesian M, Hasanvand MS, Fotouhi A. Association of adverse birth outcomes with exposure to fuel type use: A prospective cohort study in the northern region of Ghana. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04169. [PMID: 32551393 PMCID: PMC7287244 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the potential associations between exposure to fuel types for cooking and birth outcomes in Northern Region of Ghana. Third trimester pregnant women were recruited during antenatal visit to the hospital and followed-up till delivery. Three questionnaires were administered covering baseline information, exposure to fuel types, and birth outcomes. Adjusting for potential confounding factors, log binomial regression model was applied to investigate the association between low birth weights (LBW), preterm birth and perinatal deaths in mothers and fuel types. Of the 1626 participants recruited at baseline, about 1323 women in the delivery period completed the study. At delivery period, maternal mean (SD) age was 27.3 (5.2) years. Mothers who used charcoal and firewood for cooking had 1.47 times (95% CI 1.04–2.05) and 1.18 times (95% CI 0.83–1.69) increased in risk of preterm birth respectively after controlling for potential confounding variables. Although, non-significant, mothers who used charcoal had 1.34 times (95% CI 0.45–3.97) increased risk in LBW, while those who used firewood had 1.23 times (95% CI 0.41–3.71) risk in LBW. Similarly, babies of mothers who used charcoal and those who used firewood respectively had 1.72 times (95% CI 0.52–5.65) and 1.70 times (95% CI 0.49–5.92) risk in small for gestational age after controlling for maternal BMI at first visit and anemia. Lastly, mothers who used charcoal and those who used firewood respectively had 1.87 times (95% CI 0.29–11.64) and 2.02 times (95% CI 0.31–13.04) increased risk in perinatal mortality after controlling for potential confounding variables. We observed a significant association between charcoal and preterm birth. Also, we observed a non-significant association between charcoal and firewood users and LBW, SGA and perinatal mortality respectively, compared to those using gas or electricity. This suggests cooking with charcoal and firewood could have health consequences on the outcome of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawawu Hussein
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,African Union Scientific Technical and Research Commission, Abuja, Nigeria.,Tamale Teaching Hospital, Research Department, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Mansour Shamsipour
- Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masud Yunesian
- Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Hasanvand
- Centre for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Fotouhi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Moeini R, Dalili H, Kavyani Z, Shariat M, Charousaei H, Akhondzadeh A, Naddaf A, Nayyeri FS. Maternal and neonatal outcomes of abnormal placentation: a case-control study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 34:3097-3103. [PMID: 32316780 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1678128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited information on neonatal outcomes in complicated pregnancies with abnormal placentation. The aim of this study was to assess the neonatal outcomes of abnormal placentation. METHODS In this case-control study, known cases of abnormal placentation between the years 2010 and 2017 were extracted. The case group consisted of pregnant women with abnormal placentation (172 cases), while controls were selected from repeated cesarean section cases with normal placentation (341 people). RESULTS In the case group, 145 cases (84.3%) had placenta accreta, 12 cases (7.07%) had placenta increta and five cases (8.7%) had placenta percreta. Characteristics significantly more common in the case group included lower mean gestational age and average neonatal weight (p < .001), low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) (p < .001), admission to the NICU (p < .001), higher average number of hospitalization days in the NICU (p < .05), lower average 5-minute Apgar scores (p < .001), neonatal seizure (p = .004), cranial hemorrhage (p = .037), anemia (p = .002) and thrombocytosis (p = .029). The occurrence of abnormal placentation was associated with some underlying maternal characteristics such as high maternal age (p = .34), lower maternal weight (p = .044), multiparity (p = .11), history of previous abortion (p = .036), and history of cesarean (p = .001). The prevalence of placenta previa was significantly higher in the case group (p < .001). CONCLUSION The presence of placenta previa has a close relationship with abnormal placentation and is considered to be a potential risk factor for LBW, SGA, lower 5 minutes Apgar scores, first-day seizure, cranial hemorrhage, the necessity for NICU admission and occurrence of anemia and thrombocytosis in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roksana Moeini
- Breastfeeding Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Pediatrics Department, Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Dalili
- Breastfeeding Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Kavyani
- Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mamak Shariat
- Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasti Charousaei
- Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Naddaf
- Pediatrics Department, Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Nayyeri
- Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gidi NW, Berhane M, Girma T, Abdissa A, Lim R, Lee K, Nguyen C, Russell F. Anthropometric measures that identify premature and low birth weight newborns in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study with community follow-up. Arch Dis Child 2020; 105:326-331. [PMID: 31676553 PMCID: PMC7146923 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-317490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate foot length (FL), chest circumference (CHC) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) as predictors of low birth weight (LBW) or prematurity, and to describe the agreement between the gestational age (GA) assessments ascertained by the New Ballard Score (NBS) and the Eregie model. METHODS A hospital-based cross-sectional study with community follow-up in a subset was conducted in Jimma University Medical Center, Ethiopia. GA (NBS and Eregie model), weight, FL, CHC and MUAC were measured at birth. Anthropometrics were repeated at 5 days of age. RESULTS The optimal cut-offs indicative of LBW were ≤7.7 cm for FL; ≤31.2 cm for CHC and ≤9.8 cm for MUAC. CHC, MUAC and FL identified LBW with sensitivities (95% CI) of 91.6 (86.9 to 95), 83.7 (77.8 to 88.5) and 84.2 (78.4 to 88.9), and specificities (95% CI) of 85.4 (83.3 to 87.4), 90.2 (88.4 to 91.9) and 73.9 (71.3 to 76.4), respectively. CHC, MUAC and FL identified prematurity with sensitivities of 83.8 (76.7 to 89.4), 83.1 (75.9 to 88.9) and 81.7 (74.3 to 87.7), and specificities of 81.1 (78.9 to 83.3), 63.4 (60.7 to 66.1) and 77.0 (74.6 to 79.3), respectively. The cut-offs identified have comparable diagnostic ability for LBW and prematurity when measurements are repeated on day 5 of age. The GA assessment by the NBS and the Eregie model gave similar results, with the mean difference of 1.2 weeks. CONCLUSION CHC, MUAC and FL taken on day 1 and 5 after birth could be used as diagnostic tools for LBW or prematurity. The Eregie model for GA estimation gives similar results to the NBS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melkamu Berhane
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Tsinuel Girma
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Alemseged Abdissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Ruth Lim
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Lee
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cattram Nguyen
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona Russell
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Yang M, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Jiang Q. Impact of maternal HIV infection on pregnancy outcomes in southwestern China - a hospital registry based study. Epidemiol Infect 2019; 147:e124. [PMID: 30868995 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268818003345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, human immune deficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) continues to be a major public health issue. With improved survival, the number of people living with HIV/AIDS is increasing, with over 2 million among pregnant women. Investigating adverse pregnant outcomes of HIV-infected population and associated factors are of great importance to maternal and infant health. A cross-sectional data collected from hospital delivery records of 4397 mother-infant pairs in southwestern China were analysed. Adverse pregnant outcomes (including low birthweight/preterm delivery/low Apgar score) and maternal HIV status and other characteristics were measured. Two hundred thirteen (4.9%) mothers were HIV positive; maternal HIV infection, rural residence and pregnancy history were associated with all three indicators of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This research suggested that maternal population have high prevalence in HIV infection in this region. HIV-infected women had higher risks of experiencing adverse pregnancy outcomes. Rural residence predisposes adverse pregnancy outcomes. Findings of this study suggest social and medical support for maternal-infant care needed in this region, selectively towards rural areas and HIV-positive mothers.
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Kumar SN, Raisuddin S, Singh KJ, Bastia B, Borgohain D, Teron L, Sharma SK, Jain AK. Association of maternal determinants with low birth weight babies in tea garden workers of Assam. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 46:715-726. [PMID: 32173970 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study was aimed to evaluate the association of maternal determinants with birth weight (BW) of babies in tea garden workers (TGW) and housewives (HW). METHODS A total of 175 subjects were recruited from Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, India. In this cross-sectional study, maternal determinants, BW of babies and placental weight were explored in TGW (n = 102) and HW (n = 73). These factors were assessed and correlated by logistic regression models. RESULTS A higher incidence of low birth weight (LBW) was found in mothers working in the tea garden (48.04%) as compared to HW (10.96%). Activity of plucking of leaves in tea garden by women had a higher risk for LBW babies (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] 4.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.38-13.57, P = 0.012) and decreased placental weight (AOR 11.42, 95% CI 1.18-126.02, P = 0.036) as compared to HW considered as reference group. Women who worked continuously in the tea garden during 9 months of pregnancy also revealed an elevated risk for LBW (AOR 5.32, 95% CI 1.34-21.09, P = 0.017). CONCLUSION This study suggests the activity of plucking of tea leaves by women is associated with LBW of babies and decreased placental weight. Particularly, if mothers worked continuously in the tea garden during 9 months of pregnancy, it also increased the risk of delivering LBW babies. This exploratory study provides an important platform for further prospective studies, which could be focused on the potential consequences of maternal occupational exposures during pregnancy on fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Nandar Kumar
- Environmental Toxicology Lab, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India.,Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheikh Raisuddin
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Banajit Bastia
- Environmental Toxicology Lab, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepa Borgohain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Long Teron
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, India
| | | | - Arun Kumar Jain
- Environmental Toxicology Lab, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
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Aneesh M, Ghugre PS. Anthropometry, body fat and central adiposity in LBW and NBW Indian children aged 3.5 to 4 years. Early Hum Dev 2019; 139:104885. [PMID: 31518866 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.104885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND India has a high prevalence of low birth weight. Evidence indicates that poor fetal growth and rapid postnatal weight gain are associated with adiposity. OBJECTIVES (i) To study the differences between the anthropometry, body fat measures of LBW and NBW children and (ii) To find out if there is any relationship between birth weight, change in weight SD and body fat measures of these children. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS We studied 396 children aged between 3.5 and 4 years who were beneficiaries of government-run anganwadis in urban slums of Mumbai city, India. OUTCOME MEASURES Birth weight, current weight, height, skinfold thicknesses and waist circumference. Change in weight SD and body fat (%) were calculated. WHOAnthro was used to compute the z scores. Parent's education, income and breastfeeding history was recorded. RESULTS The mean change in weight SD of LBW and NBW groups were 1.01 ± 1.4 and -0.73 ± 1.13 respectively (p < 0.001). LBW children were lighter and shorter than NBW ones but had similar body fat (%) and central adiposity measures. In LBW and NBW children, birth weight Z score and change in weight SD were positively related to body fat (%) and waist circumference. CONCLUSION Children in this study belonged to low socioeconomic section. Despite this, LBW displayed a tendency towards accumulating body fat particularly, abdominal fat for lower body weight. Birth weight and postnatal weight change predict body fat and waist circumference in LBW and NBW children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitravinda Aneesh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, S.N.D.T. Women's University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Padmini S Ghugre
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, S.N.D.T. Women's University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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31
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Shroff BD, Ninama NH. A Call for Eminence Obstetrics Care by Way of "Neonatal Near Miss" Events (NNM): A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2019; 69:50-55. [PMID: 30814810 PMCID: PMC6361179 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-018-1093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A neonatal near miss (NNM) case would refer to an infant who nearly died but survived during birth or within 28 days of extra-uterine life. The near miss concept is being increasingly used as a tool to evaluate and improve the quality of care, especially obstetric care. All "near miss" should be inferred as free lesson and opportunities to improve the quality of service endowment. METHODS A hospital based case control study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of central Gujarat to measure factors associated with NNM events. Mothers of those newborns, who had been admitted for critical care, and survived, were included as cases, after their discharge. Controls were selected from same settings who were not falling into defined criteria of NNM. Various antenatal factors were compared among the two groups. RESULTS The number of neonatal near miss events were 291 (109 newborns with birth weight less than 1500 g, 169 APGAR score <7 and 13 with gestational age <30 weeks). The neonatal near miss rate was 86.7 per 1000 live births. Less number of antenatal visits, history of referral and hospitalisation during ante natal period were adversely associated with near miss events. CONCLUSIONS Incorporation of near miss events into the confidential enquiry system is worthwhile for corrective interventions like quality antenatal care, timely screening and referral of pregnant women into the primary health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh D. Shroff
- Department of Community Medicine, Medical College Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat India
| | - Nittal H. Ninama
- Department of Community Medicine, GMERS Medical College, Himmatnagar, Gujarat India
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Hussaini KS, Garcia Saavedra LF. Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) in Southwestern Border States: Examining Trends, Population Correlates, and Implications for Policy. Matern Child Health J 2018; 22:1352-9. [PMID: 29572587 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-018-2517-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is withdrawal syndrome in newborns following birth and is primarily caused by maternal drug use during pregnancy. This study examines trends, population correlates, and policy implications of NAS in two Southwest border states. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional analysis of Hospital Inpatient Discharge Data (HIDD) was utilized to examine the incidence of NAS in the Southwest border states of Arizona (AZ) and New Mexico (NM). All inpatient hospital births in AZ and NM from January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2013 with ICD9-CM codes for NAS (779.5), cocaine (760.72), or narcotics (760.75) were extracted. Results During 2008-2013 there were 1472 NAS cases in AZ and 888 in NM. The overall NAS rate during this period was 2.83 per 1000 births (95% CI 2.68-2.97) in AZ and 5.31 (95% CI 4.96-5.66) in NM. NAS rates increased 157% in AZ and 174% in NM. NAS newborns were more likely to have low birth weight, have respiratory distress, more likely to have feeding difficulties, and more likely to be on state Medicaid insurance. AZ border region (border with Mexico) had NAS rates significantly higher than the state rate (4.06 per 1000 births [95% CI 3.68-4.44] vs. 2.83 [95% CI 2.68-2.97], respectively). In NM, the border region rate (2.09 per 1000 births [95% CI 1.48-2.69]) was significantly lower than the state rate (5.31 [95% CI 4.96-5.66]). Conclusions Despite a dramatic increase in the incidence of NAS in the U.S. and, in particular, the Southwest border states of AZ and NM, there is still scant research on the overall incidence of NAS, its assessment in the southwest border, and associated long-term outcomes. The Healthy Border (HB) 2020 binational initiative of the U.S.-Mexico Border Health Commission is an initiative that addresses several public health priorities that not only include chronic and degenerative diseases, infectious diseases, injury prevention, maternal and child health but also mental health and addiction. The growing opioid epidemic and rise in NAS cases in the Southwest border, as partially shown in this study, provides another opportunity to track health illnesses and outcomes in the Southwest border, especially because there are targeted resources through High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas (HIDTA) funding.
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Aboye W, Berhe T, Birhane T, Gerensea H. Prevalence and associated factors of low birth weight in Axum town, Tigray, North Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:684. [PMID: 30285895 PMCID: PMC6167810 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Weight at birth is a good indicator of the newborn's chances for survival, growth, long-term health and psychosocial development. Therefore, the aimed of this study is to assess the prevalence and associated factors of low birth weight in Axum town, Tigray, North Ethiopia. RESULT The magnitude of low birth weight was 8.8%. Height of mother adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.607 (CI 1.34-15.8), gestational age AOR 4.7 (CI 1.08-20.44), anti-natal care (ANC) visit AOR 0.076 (CI 0.009-0.645), anemia during pregnancy AOR 14.5 (CI 3.821-55.6) and drinking alcohol AOR 6.4 (CI 1.235-33.94) were found to be significantly associated with low birth weight. Pre-conceptual counseling on nutrition, about the effect of short suture on birth outcome and personal maternal habit (drinking alcohol), effective treatment and prevention of anemia and awareness on the importance ANC follow up should be the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wondim Aboye
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfay Berhe
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia
| | - Taddis Birhane
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia
| | - Hadgu Gerensea
- School of Nursing, College of Health Science, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia
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Fan WQ, Gan A, Crane O. Commencing Nutrient Supplements before Full Enteral Feed Volume Achievement Is Beneficial for Moderately Preterm to Late Preterm Low Birth Weight Babies: A Prospective, Observational Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101340. [PMID: 30241325 PMCID: PMC6213071 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to observe after following a routine change in the feeding protocol whether the earlier introduction of nutrient supplements improved nutritional outcomes in moderately preterm to late preterm low birth weight (LBW) babies. In this prospective observational study, LBW babies between 31 and 39 weeks’ gestation admitted to a Special Care Nursery were assigned to two groups (F80, n = 45, F160, n = 42) upon commencing nutrient supplement at total fluid intake achievement of 80 or 160 mL/kg/day. Outcomes included weight, protein intake, biochemical markers, feeding intolerance, and length of stay (LOS). F80 nutrient supplements commenced before F160 (2.8 vs. 6.7 days, p < 0.0001) and lasted longer (15.2 vs. 12.2 days, p < 0.03). Weight gain velocity and LOS were similar. F80 mean protein intake during the first 10 days was higher (3.38 vs. 2.74 g/kg/day, p < 0.0001). There were fewer infants with protein intake <3 g/kg/day in the F80 group (8% vs. 65%, p < 0001). F80 babies regained birthweight almost two days earlier (7.5 vs. 9.4 days, p < 0.01). Weight gain Z-scores revealed an attenuation of the trend towards lower weight percentiles in the F80 group. Feeding intolerance was decreased for F80 (24.4% vs. 47.6%, p < 0.03). There were no adverse outcomes. Earlier nutrient supplementation for LBW babies lifts mean protein intake to above 3 g/kg/day and reduces both the duration of post-birth weight loss and incidence of feeding intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qi Fan
- Department of Paediatrics, The Northern Hospital, 185 Cooper Street, Epping, VIC 3076, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Amy Gan
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Olivia Crane
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Campbell AG, Miranda PY. Breastfeeding Trends Among Very Low Birth Weight, Low Birth Weight, and Normal Birth Weight Infants. J Pediatr 2018; 200:71-78. [PMID: 29784514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the change in breastfeeding behaviors over time, among low birth weight (LBW), very low birth weight (VLBW), and normal birth weight (NBW) infants using nationally representative US data. STUDY DESIGN Univariate statistics and bivariate logistic models were examined using the Early Child Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (2001) and National Study of Children's Health (2007 and 2011/2012). RESULTS Breastfeeding behaviors improved for infants of all birth weights from 2007 to 2011/2012. In 2011/2012, a higher percentage of VLBW infants were ever breastfed compared with LBW and NBW infants. In 2011/2012, LBW infants had a 28% lower odds (95% CI, 0.57-0.92) of ever breastfeeding and a 52% lower odds (95% CI, 0.38-0.61) of breastfeeding for ≥6 months compared with NBW infants. Among black infants, a larger percentage of VLBW infants were breastfed for ≥6 months (26.2%) compared with LBW infants (14.9%). CONCLUSIONS Breastfeeding rates for VLBW and NBW infants have improved over time. Both VLBW and NBW infants are close to meeting the Healthy People 2020 ever breastfeeding goal of 81.9%. LBW infants are farther from this goal than VLBW infants. The results suggest a need for policies that encourage breastfeeding specifically among LBW infants.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is preventable factor for pregnancy outcomes such as low birth weight (LBW). In this study, we assessed the effects of smoking cessation in pregnancy period on the birth weight in Randomized Controlled Trial studies (RCTs). METHODS International databases of Pub Med, Scopus, and Web of Science, by the MeSH heading and/or additional terms, were searched to assess relevant studies in systematic possess. I2 statistics was used to assess of heterogeneity. Pooled effects size was obtained by random effects model. Meta-regression was used to explore of heterogeneity using Stata software version 12 (Stata Corp, College Station, TX). RESULTS A total 16 RCTs, 6192 women were enrolled to assess of smoking cessation in pregnancy period on the birth weight. Relative risk (RR) of not smoking at the end of pregnancy in intervention group was 2.47 (95% CI: 1.73-3.20). The odds ratio (OR) for effect of smoking cessation on LBW was 0.65 (95% CI: 0.42-0.88) and standardized mean difference (SMD) was significantly increased in the intervention group, 0.28 (95% CI: 0.05-0.50). CONCLUSIONS Results of this study approve results of previous RCTs that smoking cessation in pregnancy is a good practical action to prevention of LBW in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Veisani
- a Psychosocial Injuries Research Center , Ilam University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Jenabi
- b Department of Midwifery, Tuyserkan Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tuyserkan , Iran
| | - Ali Delpisheh
- c Department of Clinical Epidemiology , Ilam University of Medical Sciences , Ilam , Iran
| | - Salman Khazaei
- d Department of Epidemiology , School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran , Hamadan , Iran
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Iltaf G, Shahid B, Khan MI. Incidence and associated risk factors of low birth weight babies born in Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayad Al-Nayan Hospital Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Pak J Med Sci 2017; 33:626-630. [PMID: 28811783 PMCID: PMC5510115 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.333.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Birth weight is the most important factor that affects infant and child mortality. The most common cause of low birth is malnutrition before and during the pregnancy period. The present study was conducted to explore the associated risk factors of low birth weight which will be helpful to undertake effective measures to reduce the incidence of the low birth weight babies. Methods: The study was conducted at Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayad Al-Nayan Hospital Muzaffarabad. A sample size of 1603 live births over a period of five months were analyzed. The pregnant women were recruited in the last trimester of their pregnancy and followed up till their delivery. Information regarding maternal age, parity, income of family, gestational age, maternal occupation, degree of illiteracy, birth interval was collected. The birth weight was recorded within 24 hours of delivery. Data analysis was done using Graph Pad Prism version 6.0. Results: Data of 1863 birth out of which 1603 were live births and among these live births, 1442 were normal birth weight babies and 161 number of low birth weight (LBW) were analyzed. The incidence of LBW in this study was (10.04%). LBW was more common in female (n=84) than in male (n=77) babies. However, this difference was statistically insignificant. Among different risk factors maternal age (p<0.05), parity (P = 0.0167), income of family (P = 0.0190), has a statically significant association with incidence of LBW. The gestational age of mother, maternal occupation, degree of illiteracy was found to affect the incidence of LBW babies, however the difference was found to be statistically insignificant for LBW. Birth interval less than three years and low hemoglobin level (P<0.0260) was found to have a significant association with LBW babies. Conclusion: LBW a common problem in Pakistan is an important factor for perinatal mortality and morbidity. Among different risk factors maternal age, parity, income of family, gestational age of mother, maternal occupation, degree of illiteracy, birth interval less than three years were found to be the important risk factors contributing to LBW babies born in Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayad Al- Nayan Hospital Muzaffarabad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnaz Iltaf
- Gulnaz Iltaf, M.Phil. Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Beenish Shahid
- Beenish Shahid, M.Phil. Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ijaz Khan
- Dr. Muhammad Ijaz Khan, Ph.D. Livestock Development Research Centre, Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir
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Mutambudzi M, Meyer JD, Reisine S, Warren N. A review of recent literature on materialist and psychosocial models for racial and ethnic disparities in birth outcomes in the US, 2000-2014. Ethn Health 2017; 22:311-332. [PMID: 27852109 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2016.1247150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Material and psychosocial factors exacerbate racial disparities in health outcomes. This review sought to ascertain recent knowledge of the effects of materialist and psychosocial factors on differences in low birthweight (LBW) and preterm delivery (PTD) outcomes between Black and White mothers. DESIGN Search and review was conducted for studies that examined: (a) neighborhood-level deprivation as an indicator of material conditions, and (b) racial discrimination or occupational stressors as indicators of psychosocial stress. The outcomes of interest were LBW and PTD. RESULTS Material and psychosocial factors significantly and negatively affected Blacks more than Whites, and were associated with increased adverse outcomes. Of five studies with a homogeneous Black study sample, three reported no effect on outcomes in women exposed to material or psychosocial factors. CONCLUSION Through this review we find that in comparison to White women, Black women are at higher risk of adverse outcomes due to both psychosocial stress and meso-level deprivation, after accounting for personal factors. A better understanding of effects on health outcomes of material and psychosocial factors in Black women is needed. Further investigation into materialist and psychosocial factors, will allow us to better understand the factors driving PTD and LBW disparities in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Mutambudzi
- a Department of Preventive Medicine & Community Health , University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston , TX , USA
| | - John D Meyer
- b Selikoff Centers for Occupational Medicine , Icahn-Mount Sinai School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA
| | - Susan Reisine
- c School of Dental Medicine , University of Connecticut Health Center , Farmington , CT , USA
| | - Nicholas Warren
- c School of Dental Medicine , University of Connecticut Health Center , Farmington , CT , USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Birth weight is an important indicator of a population's health and is associated with numerous interrelated factors in the infant, mother, and physical environment. The objective of this study was to assess the proportion of low birth weight and identify the associated factors for low birth weight in a liveborn infant among the women in Morang, Nepal. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was carried out from December 2010 to March 2011 among 255 mothers who gave birth during the study period at the Koshi Zonal Hospital, Nepal. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire with face-to-face interviews. Data were analyzed through logistic regression and presented with crude and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS The study showed that the prevalence of low-birth-weight babies was 23.1% (95% CI: 17.9-28.1). The mean (standard deviation) age of mothers was 23.23 (4.18) years. The proportion of low birth weight of previous baby was 3.9% (95% CI: 0.1-7.9), and 15.7% (95% CI: 11.5-20.5) of the respondents had preterm delivery. Nearly one-third (36.1%; 95% CI: 26.4-45.6) of the respondents had >2 years' gap after the previous delivery. Nonformal employment (AOR: 2.14; 95% CI: 0.523-8.74), vegetarian diet (AOR: 1.47; 95% CI: 0.23-9.36), and no rest during pregnancy (AOR: 1.38; 95% CI: 0.41-4.39) were factors more likely to determine low birth weight. However, none of the variables showed a significant association between low birth weight and other dependent variables. CONCLUSION Low birth weight is an important factor for perinatal morbidity and mortality and is a common problem in the developing world. The proportion of low-birth-weight babies was high in hospital delivery, and ethnicities, Hindu religion, education, nonformal employment, food habit, rest during pregnancy, and type of delivery were found to influence the birth weight. Hence, it is important to strengthen health education services at the basic level of a community to solve this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Koirala
- Administrative Department, Helping Hands Community Hospital, Chabahil, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Dharma N Bhatta
- Department of Public Health, Nobel College, Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal ; Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention of viable spontaneous preterm birth and low birth weight through screening is one of the key aims of antenatal care as these have implications for the child, mother and society. If women can be identified to be at high risk of these adverse birth outcomes in early pregnancy, they can be targeted for more intensive antenatal surveillance and prophylactic interventions. OBJECTIVES This study is therefore aimed to determine the association between elevated maternal serum cholesterol level in pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcome. METHODS It was a prospective observational cohort study in which eligible participants were enrolled at gestational age of 14 to 20 weeks. Blood samples were obtained to measure total serum cholesterol concentrations and the sera were then analyzed enzymatically by the cholesterol oxidase: p-aminophenazone (CHOD PAP) method. Pregnancy outcomes were obtained by extraction from medical records and the labour ward register. RESULTS The incidences of the two adverse pregnancy outcomes examined in the study (preterm births and low birth weight (LBW) in term neonates) were 8.0% and 14.4% respectively. Preterm birth was 6.89-times more common in mothers with high cholesterol than in control mothers with normal total cholesterol level (38.5% versus 5.4%, P=0.029) while LBW was 7.99-times more common in mothers with high total maternal cholesterol than in mothers with normal cholesterol (87.5% versus 10.5%, P=0.019). CONCLUSION We can infer that the high maternal serum cholesterol (hypercholesterolaemia) is associated with preterm delivery/ low birth weight (LBW) in term infants. However, further validation of these findings with more robust prospective and longitudinal characterization of maternal serum cholesterol profiles is required in subsequent investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Okunade Kehinde
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Gbadegesin Abidoye
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Akinsola Oluwatosin
- Department of Community Health, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria
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Raghuraman RP, D'Souza R, Nathan P, Wang D, Manyonda IT, Antonios TFT. Skin capillary density in infants born to normotensive mothers: a comparison between singleton and twin infants. Microcirculation 2014; 21:67-73. [PMID: 23844560 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Twin infants tend to have LBW and microvascular alterations but do not appear to have an increase in cardiovascular mortality later in life as singleton infants. We hypothesized that twin infants born to normotensive mothers would not have capillary rarefaction at birth. METHODS We studied 26 dizygotic twin infants and compared them with 115 consecutive singleton infants to normotensive mothers. We used orthogonal polarized spectroscopy to measure basal (i.e., functional) and maximal (i.e., structural) skin capillary density according to a well-standardized protocol. RESULTS Twin infants have significantly higher BCD (mean difference 4.3 capillaries/mm(2) , 95% CI: 0.4, 8.1, p = 0.03) and have marginally significantly higher MCD (mean difference 3.9 capillaries/mm(2) , 95% CI: -0.6, 8.3, p = 0.086) compared to singleton infants. Birth weight was significantly associated with BCD and MCD (p = 0.003 and 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Twin infants with low and NBWs tend to have higher functional and structural capillary densities compared to singleton infants. Further longitudinal studies of skin capillary density and of retinal vascular parameters commencing from birth to various stages in early childhood are essential to identify the dynamics and the exact timing, if any, of the remodeling of microcirculation in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra P Raghuraman
- Blood Pressure Unit & Division of Clinical Sciences, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between proximity to green spaces and surrounding greenness and pregnancy outcomes, such as birth weight, low birth weight (LBW), very LBW (VLBW), gestational age, preterm deliveries (PTD) and very PTD (VPTD). METHODS This study was based on 39,132 singleton live births from a registry birth cohort in Tel Aviv, Israel, during 2000-2006. Surrounding greenness was defined as the average of satellite-based Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in 250 m buffers and proximity to major green spaces was defined as residence within a buffer of 300 m from boundaries of a major green space (5000 m(2)), based on data constructed from OpenStreetMap. Linear regression (for birth weight and gestational age) and logistic regressions models (for LBW, VLBW, PTD and VPTD) were used with adjustment for relevant covariates. RESULTS An increase in 1 interquartile range greenness was associated with a statistically significant increase in birth weight (19.2 g 95% CI 13.3 to 25.1) and decreased risk of LBW (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.90). Results for VLBW were in the same direction but were not statistically significant. In general, no associations were found for gestational age, PTD and VPTD. The findings were consistent with different buffer and green space sizes and stronger associations were observed among those of lower socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the results of a few previous studies demonstrating an association between maternal proximity to green spaces and birth weight. Further investigation is needed into the associations with VLBW and VPTD, which has never been studied before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Agay-Shay
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ammatzia Peled
- University of Haifa, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences Haifa 31905, Israel
| | - Antonia Valentín Crespo
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chava Peretz
- Tel Aviv University, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, P.O.B. 39040, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yona Amitai
- Bar Ilan University, Department of Management, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Shai Linn
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Rambam Medical Center, P.O. B 9602, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Michael Friger
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Department of Epidemiology and Health Services Evaluation, Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O.B 653 Beersheba 84105, Israel
| | - Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
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Gillberg L, Jacobsen SC, Rönn T, Brøns C, Vaag A. PPARGC1A DNA methylation in subcutaneous adipose tissue in low birth weight subjects--impact of 5 days of high-fat overfeeding. Metabolism 2014; 63:263-71. [PMID: 24262291 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased DNA methylation of the metabolic regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PPARGC1A) has been reported in skeletal muscle from type 2 diabetes (T2D) subjects and from low birth weight (LBW) subjects with an increased risk of T2D. High-fat overfeeding increases PPARGC1A DNA methylation in muscle in a birth weight dependent manner. However, PPARGC1A DNA methylation in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in LBW subjects has not previously been investigated. Our objective was to determine PPARGC1A DNA methylation and mRNA expression in basal and insulin-stimulated SAT from LBW and matched normal birth weight (NBW) subjects during control and high-fat overfeeding. MATERIALS/METHODS Nineteen young healthy men with LBW and 26 NBW controls were studied after both a 5-day high-fat overfeeding and a control diet in a randomized crossover setting. DNA methylation was assessed with bisulfite sequencing and mRNA expression with quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS Following high-fat overfeeding, increased SAT PPARGC1A DNA methylation was observed in LBW subjects but not in NBW controls. Basal SAT PPARGC1A mRNA expression was unaffected by diet and similar in the two groups. However, LBW subjects showed an increased SAT PPARGC1A mRNA expression during insulin-stimulation. SAT PPARGC1A methylation correlated inversely with mRNA expression during insulin-stimulation. CONCLUSIONS The study adds to the increasing awareness of PPARGC1A DNA methylation being flexible and influenced by high-fat overfeeding in a birth weight dependent manner with muscle and fat responding differently. Further data are needed to understand the role of PPARGC1A DNA methylation in insulin resistance and developmental programming of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Gillberg
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Tagensvej 20, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensensvej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark.
| | - Stine C Jacobsen
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Tagensvej 20, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensensvej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Tina Rönn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Brøns
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Tagensvej 20, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensensvej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Allan Vaag
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Tagensvej 20, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensensvej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark; Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Chen JH, Claessens A, Msall ME. Prematurity and school readiness in a nationally representative sample of Australian children: does typically occurring preschool moderate the relationship? Early Hum Dev 2014; 90:73-9. [PMID: 24401664 PMCID: PMC3932373 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the relationship between indicators of prematurity and children's cognitive and behavioral school readiness in a nationally representative sample and to investigate whether typically occurring preschool enrollment moderates this relationship, particularly for children from disadvantaged families in Australia. METHODS The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children is a nationally representative prospective sample of two cohorts of children with sequentially obtained indicators of child health and developmental outcomes. We analyzed information on 8060 children aged 4-5 years who had complete data on birth weight, gestational age, prenatal risks, social factors, and cognitive and behavioral outcomes of school readiness. Multivariate regressions were used to relate three indicators of prematurity (low birth weight, preterm birth, and small for gestational age) to cognitive and behavioral school readiness. RESULTS Children born preterm, small for gestational age, or with low birth weight have significantly lower cognitive school readiness after controlling for social factors and prenatal risks. None of the premature indicators were associated with behavioral school readiness. All children benefited from attending preschool. Yet, preschool enrollment did not moderate the relationship between prematurity and school readiness. The only exception is for small for gestational age survivors with low educated mothers. Preschool enrollment was associated with an increase in cognitive school readiness skills. CONCLUSIONS Prematurity was associated with lower cognitive school readiness skills. Typical occurring preschool did not eliminate this association. Findings suggest that simply expanding the preschool enrollment is inadequate to address the developmental needs of premature children from disadvantaged backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Hao Chen
- Department of Sociology, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan 64 Section 2, Zhinan Road, Taipei, Taiwan 11605.
| | - Amy Claessens
- Harris School of Public Policy Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael E. Msall
- rSection of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics University of Chicago Comer Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL,JP Kennedy Research Center on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Hamta A, Khalilian AR, Farhadi R, Ranjbaran H. Path analysis of the risk of low birth weight for multipara. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2013; 15:462-6. [PMID: 24349742 PMCID: PMC3840831 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.3592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LBW rate is one of the most important health indices in every society. It reveals mothers and their new-born infants' health. OBJECTIVES Our aim, in the present paper, was to present a new statistical framework for analysis based on path analysis techniques. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective study was conducted in two maternity wards, (privet & governmental hospital) in Sari, Iran. In this research a check-list containing 25 questions about mother's demographic information and her new-born infant was prepared. Every new born infant who was born weighing less than 2500 g was entered in our study and just next the newborn infant who was normal all of his/her information use to be taken too, (n = 190). Path analysis, an extension of the regression model, was used in this study. RESULTS Obviously exactly half of the infants were LBW, and the remainder were normal. There were 97 boys and 93 girls. The percentage of IUGR among mothers who had preterm delivery was 19, while this percentage for mothers who had term delivery was 11.5 (P value = 0.167). LBW infants were 36.7% unexpected, while this percent for normal infants was 15.5 (P value < 0.001). Preterm delivery has a significant and direct effect on LBW (p value < 0.001), and its positive sign of path coefficient shows that if it occurs, the probability of LBW will increase, the second important was IUGR, the results showed unexpected pregnancy had direct effect on LBW but this wasn't significant (P value = 0.292). CONCLUSIONS By preventing unnecessary termination of pregnancy and keeping fit, the chances of LBW can be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hamta
- Department of Biostatistics and Community Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandarana, IR Iran
| | - Ali Reza Khalilian
- Department of Biostatistics and Community Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandarana, IR Iran
| | - Roya Farhadi
- Department of pediatrics, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandarana, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Ranjbaran
- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandarana, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Hossein Ranjbaran, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandarana, IR Iran. Tel: +98-1513249827, Fax: +98-1513443087, E-mail:
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Gondret F, Père MC, Tacher S, Daré S, Trefeu C, Le Huërou-Luron I, Louveau I. Spontaneous intra-uterine growth restriction modulates the endocrine status and the developmental expression of genes in porcine fetal and neonatal adipose tissue. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 194:208-16. [PMID: 24095810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Low birth weight is correlated with low adiposity at birth, a phenotype that influences neonatal survival and later adiposity. A better understanding of events affecting the fetal adipose tissue development and its functionality around birth is thus needed. This study was undertaken to examine the impact of spontaneous intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) on circulating concentrations of hormones and nutrients together with the developmental expression patterns of various genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue of pig fetus during the last third of pregnancy and just after birth. At 71 and 112 days post-conception and 2 days postnatal, pairs of same-sex piglets were chosen within litters to have either a medium (MBW) or a low (LBW) weight (n=6 pairs at each stage). The results indicate that IUGR counteracts the temporal fall of DLK1 gene expression in developing adipose tissue across gestation. It also attenuates the time-dependent increase in expression levels of many genes promoting adipocyte differentiation (PPARG, CEBPA) and lipogenesis (LPL, SREBF1, FASN, FABP4). Opposite responses to IUGR were observed for the IGF system, so that IGF1 mRNA levels were lower (P<0.001) but IGF2 mRNA levels were greater in adipose tissue of LBW piglets compared with MBW piglets. The plasma insulin concentration and the mRNA levels of insulin receptor (INSR) and insulin-responsive glucose transporter (GLUT4) in adipose tissue were also greater in LBW piglets at day 2 postnatal. The data indicate that IUGR delays the normal ontogeny of adipose tissue across gestation and affects the insulin and IGF axes around birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Gondret
- INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France; AgrocampusOuest, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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Wang KCW, Lim CH, McMillen IC, Duffield JA, Brooks DA, Morrison JL. Alteration of cardiac glucose metabolism in association to low birth weight: experimental evidence in lambs with left ventricular hypertrophy. Metabolism 2013; 62:1662-72. [PMID: 23928106 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intrauterine growth restriction that results in low birth weight (LBW) has been linked to the onset of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. An altered transition from a fetal to an adult energy metabolism phenotype, with increased reliance on glucose rather than fatty acids for energy production, could help explain this connection. We have therefore investigated cardiac metabolism in relation to left ventricular hypertrophy in LBW lambs, at 21days after birth. MATERIALS/METHODS The expression of regulatory molecules involved in cardiac glucose and fatty acid metabolism was measured using real-time PCR and Western blotting. A section of the left ventricle was fixed for Periodic Acid Schiff staining to determine tissue glycogen content. RESULTS There was increased abundance of insulin signalling pathway proteins (phospho-insulin receptor, insulin receptor and phospho-Akt) and the glucose transporter (GLUT)-1, but no change in GLUT-4 or glycogen content in the heart of LBW compared to ABW lambs. There was, however, increased abundance of cardiac pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK-4) in LBW compared to ABW lambs. There were no significant changes in the mRNA expression of components of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor regulatory complex or proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism. CONCLUSION We concluded that LBW induced left ventricular hypertrophy was associated with increased GLUT-1 and PDK-4, suggesting increased glucose uptake, but decreased efficacy for the conversion of glucose to ATP. A reduced capacity for energy conversion could have significant implications for vulnerability to cardiovascular disease in adults who are born LBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley C W Wang
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Mussap M, Antonucci R, Noto A, Fanos V. The role of metabolomics in neonatal and pediatric laboratory medicine. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 426:127-38. [PMID: 24035970 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics consists of the quantitative analysis of a large number of low molecular mass metabolites involving substrates or products in metabolic pathways existing in all living systems. The analysis of the metabolic profile detectable in a human biological fluid allows to instantly identify changes in the composition of endogenous and exogenous metabolites caused by the interaction between specific physiopathological states, gene expression, and environment. In pediatrics and neonatology, metabolomics offers new encouraging perspectives for the improvement of critically ill patient outcome, for the early recognition of metabolic profiles associated with the development of diseases in the adult life, and for delivery of individualized medicine. In this view, nutrimetabolomics, based on the recognition of specific cluster of metabolites associated with nutrition and pharmacometabolomics, based on the capacity to personalize drug therapy by analyzing metabolic modifications due to therapeutic treatment may open new frontiers in the prevention and in the treatment of pediatric and neonatal diseases. This review summarizes the most relevant results published in the literature on the application of metabolomics in pediatric and neonatal clinical settings. However, there is the urgent need to standardize physiological and preanalytical variables, analytical methods, data processing, and result presentation, before establishing the definitive clinical value of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Mussap
- Laboratory Medicine Service, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, University-Hospital, National Institute for Cancer Research, Genova, Italy
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Erickson SJ, Duvall SW, Fuller J, Schrader R, MacLean P, Lowe J. Differential associations between maternal scaffolding and toddler emotion regulation in toddlers born preterm and full term. Early Hum Dev 2013; 89:699-704. [PMID: 23773306 PMCID: PMC3805124 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental "scaffolding" behavior has been associated with developmental outcomes in at-risk children. AIMS Because there are limited empirical data regarding how scaffolding is associated with emotion-based developmental skills, the purpose of this study was to compare associations between maternal verbal scaffolding and toddler emotion regulation, including fewer displays of negative affect and increased contentment and enjoyment during play, in toddlers born preterm and full term. STUDY DESIGN This study was a cross-sectional cohort design. Maternal and toddler behavior was assessed during 5 min of videotaped free play with standardized toys. SUBJECTS 131 toddlers (18-22 months) and their mothers were included (77 born preterm; 54 born full term). OUTCOME MEASURES Toddler emotion regulation, negative affect, and dyadic mutual enjoyment were coded from videotaped play. RESULTS The association between maternal scaffolding and emotion regulation was different for dyads with a toddler born preterm versus full term, wherein the association was positive for toddlers born preterm and non-significant for toddlers born full term. Similarly, the association between maternal scaffolding and negative affect was different for the two groups: negative for toddlers born preterm and non-significant for toddlers born full term. Finally, the association between maternal scaffolding and mutual enjoyment was positive for toddlers born preterm and non-significant for toddlers born full term. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight early differences in mother-child interactive style correlates of children born preterm compared to those born full term. Maternal scaffolding behavior may be uniquely associated with emotion regulation and a positive dyadic encounter for toddlers born preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Erickson
- University of New Mexico, Department of Psychology, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Susanne W. Duvall
- Oregon Health & Science University, Division of Psychology, Institute on Development & Disability, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098
| | - Janell Fuller
- University of New Mexico, Department of Pediatrics, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Ron Schrader
- University of New Mexico, Clinical and Translational Center, Albuquerque NM 87131
| | - Peggy MacLean
- University of New Mexico, Department of Pediatrics, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Jean Lowe
- University of New Mexico, Department of Pediatrics, Albuquerque, NM 87131
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Alhusen JL, Lucea MB, Bullock L, Sharps P. Intimate partner violence, substance use, and adverse neonatal outcomes among urban women. J Pediatr 2013; 163:471-6. [PMID: 23485028 PMCID: PMC3686908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of intimate partner violence, substance use, and their co-occurrence during pregnancy and to examine their associations with adverse neonatal outcomes. STUDY DESIGN Between February 2009-February 2010, pregnant women receiving obstetrical care at 3 urban clinics were screened for intimate partner violence and substance use between 24-28 weeks gestation. A chart review was conducted upon delivery to assess for adverse neonatal outcomes of low birth weight, preterm birth, and small for gestational age (SGA). RESULTS Maternal and neonatal data were collected on 166 mothers and their neonates. Overall, 19% of the sample reported intimate partner violence during their pregnancies. Of the study's neonates, 41% had at least 1 adverse neonatal outcome. Nearly one-half of the mothers reported using at least 1 substance during pregnancy. Women experiencing intimate partner violence had a higher prevalence of marijuana use than their nonabused counterparts (P < .01). Experiencing intimate partner violence was associated with a 4-fold increase in having a SGA neonate (aOR = 4.00; 95% CI 1.58-9.97). Women who reported marijuana use had 5 times the odds of having a neonate classified as SGA (aOR = 5.16, 95% CI 2.24-11.89) or low birth weight (aOR 5.00; 95% CI 1.98-12.65). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of intimate partner violence during pregnancy and substance use is high in urban mothers, the risks of which extend to their neonates. Pediatric providers are urged to routinely screen for both issues and recognize the impact of co-occurrence of these risk factors on poor neonatal and childhood outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Linda Bullock
- The University of Virginia, School of Nursing, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Phyllis Sharps
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD
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