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Wattenberg MM, Colby S, Garrido-Laguna I, Xue Y, Chang R, Delman D, Lee J, Affolter K, Mulvihill SJ, Beg MS, Wang-Gillam A, Wade JL, Guthrie KA, Chiorean EG, Ahmad SA, Lowy AM, Philip PA, Sohal DPS, Beatty GL. Intratumoral Cell Neighborhoods Coordinate Outcomes in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 2024; 166:1114-1129. [PMID: 38244727 PMCID: PMC11102852 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a highly lethal disease characterized by a spatially heterogeneous tumor microenvironment. Within the PDA microenvironment, cells organize into communities where cell fate is influenced by neighboring cells of diverse ontogeny and function. However, it remains unclear how cell neighborhoods in the tumor microenvironment evolve with treatment and impact clinical outcomes. METHODS Here, using automated chromogenic multiplex immunohistochemistry and unsupervised computational image analysis of human PDA tumors, we investigated cell neighborhoods in surgically resected tumors from patients with chemotherapy-naïve PDA (n = 59) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy-treated PDA (n = 57). Single cells were defined by lineage markers (CD3, CD8, Foxp3, CD68, CK19), proliferation (Ki67), and neighboring cells. RESULTS Distinct intratumoral immune and tumor cell subsets were defined by neighboring cells. Higher content of stromal-associated macrophages was seen in chemotherapy-naïve tumors from long-term survivors (overall survival >3 years) compared with short-term survivors (overall survival <1 year), whereas immune-excluded tumor cells were higher in short-term survivors. Chemotherapy-treated vs -naïve tumors showed lower content of tumor-associated T cells and macrophages but similar densities of stromal-associated immune cells. However, proliferating tumor cell subsets with immune-rich neighborhoods were higher in chemotherapy-treated tumors. In a blinded analysis of tumors from patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, a composite index comprising lower quantities of immune-excluded tumor cells and higher spatially distinct immune cell subsets was associated with prolonged survival. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data provide new insights into discrete cell communities in PDA and show their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max M Wattenberg
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah Colby
- SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ignacio Garrido-Laguna
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Yuqing Xue
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Renee Chang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Devora Delman
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jesse Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kajsa Affolter
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sean J Mulvihill
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | | | | | - Katherine A Guthrie
- SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - E Gabriela Chiorean
- University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Andrew M Lowy
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Philip Agop Philip
- Henry Ford Health, Wayne State University, Oncology and Pharmacology, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Gregory L Beatty
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Zhang C, Deng J, Li K, Lai G, Liu H, Zhang Y, Xie B, Zhong X. Mononuclear phagocyte system-related multi-omics features yield head and neck squamous cell carcinoma subtypes with distinct overall survival, drug, and immunotherapy responses. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:37. [PMID: 38279056 PMCID: PMC10817853 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research reported that mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) can contribute to immune defense but the classification of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients based on MPS-related multi-omics features using machine learning lacked. METHODS In this study, we obtain marker genes for MPS through differential analysis at the single-cell level and utilize "similarity network fusion" and "MoCluster" algorithms to cluster patients' multi-omics features. Subsequently, based on the corresponding clinical information, we investigate the prognosis, drugs, immunotherapy, and biological differences between the subtypes. A total of 848 patients have been included in this study, and the results obtained from the training set can be verified by two independent validation sets using "the nearest template prediction". RESULTS We identified two subtypes of HNSCC based on MPS-related multi-omics features, with CS2 exhibiting better predictive prognosis and drug response. CS2 represented better xenobiotic metabolism and higher levels of T and B cell infiltration, while the biological functions of CS1 were mainly enriched in coagulation function, extracellular matrix, and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Furthermore, we established a novel and stable classifier called "getMPsub" to classify HNSCC patients, demonstrating good consistency in the same training set. External validation sets classified by "getMPsub" also illustrated similar differences between the two subtypes. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified two HNSCC subtypes by machine learning and explored their biological difference. Notably, we constructed a robust classifier that presented an excellent classifying prediction, providing new insight into the precision medicine of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yixue Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jielian Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yixue Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Kangjie Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yixue Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Guichuan Lai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yixue Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yixue Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yixue Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Biao Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yixue Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Xiaoni Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yixue Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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3
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Deng S, Cao H, Cui X, Fan Y, Wang Q, Zhang X. Optimization of exosome-based cell-free strategies to enhance endogenous cell functions in tissue regeneration. Acta Biomater 2023; 171:68-84. [PMID: 37730080 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, nanoscale extracellular vesicles, play a crucial role in intercellular communication, owing to their biologically active cargoes such as RNAs and proteins. In recent years, they have emerged as a promising tool in the field of tissue regeneration, with the potential to initiate a new trend in cell-free therapy. However, it's worth noting that not all types of exosomes derived from cells are appropriate for tissue repair. Thus, selecting suitable cell sources is critical to ensure their efficacy in specific tissue regeneration processes. Current therapeutic applications of exosomes also encounter several limitations, including low-specific content for targeted diseases, non-tissue-specific targeting, and short retention time due to rapid clearance in vivo. Consequently, this review paper focuses on exosomes from diverse cell sources with functions specific to tissue regeneration. It also highlights the latest engineering strategies developed to overcome the functional limitations of natural exosomes. These strategies encompass the loading of specific therapeutic contents into exosomes, the endowment of tissue-specific targeting capability on the exosome surface, and the incorporation of biomaterials to extend the in vivo retention time of exosomes in a controlled-release manner. Collectively, these innovative approaches aim to synergistically enhance the therapeutic effects of natural exosomes, optimizing exosome-based cell-free strategies to boost endogenous cell functions in tissue regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Exosome-based cell-free therapy has recently emerged as a promising tool for tissue regeneration. This review highlights the characteristics and functions of exosomes from different sources that can facilitate tissue repair and their contributions to the regeneration process. To address the functional limitations of natural exosomes in therapeutic applications, this review provides an in-depth understanding of the latest engineering strategies. These strategies include optimizing exosomal contents, endowing tissue-specific targeting capability on the exosome surface, and incorporating biomaterials to extend the in vivo retention time of exosomes in a controlled-release manner. This review aims to explore and discuss innovative approaches that can synergistically improve endogenous cell functions in advanced exosome-based cell-free therapies for a broad range of tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyan Deng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Hongfu Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- School of medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China; Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Yujiang Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Qiguang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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4
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Wang J, Zhang Z, Chen Y. Supramolecular immunotherapy on diversiform immune cells. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8347-8367. [PMID: 37563947 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00924f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular immunotherapy employs supramolecular materials to stimulate the immune system for inhibiting tumor cell growth and metastasis, reducing the cancer recurrence rate, and improving the quality of the patient's life. Additionally, it can lessen patient suffering and the deterioration of their illness, as well as increase their survival rate. This paper will outline the fundamentals of tumor immunotherapy based on supramolecular materials as well as its current state of development and potential applications. To be more specific, we will first introduce the basic principles of supramolecular immunotherapy, including the processes, advantages and limitations of immunotherapy, the construction of supramolecular material structures, and its benefits in treatment. Second, considering the targeting of supramolecular drugs to immune cells, we comprehensively discuss the unique advantages of applying supramolecular drugs with different types of immune cells in tumor immunotherapy. The current research advances in supramolecular immunotherapy, including laboratory research and clinical applications, are also described in detail. Finally, we reveal the tremendous promise of supramolecular materials in tumor immunotherapy, as well as discuss the opportunities and challenges that may be faced in future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
| | - Yueyue Chen
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
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Park SH, Eun R, Heo J, Lim YT. Nanoengineered drug delivery in cancer immunotherapy for overcoming immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:2015-2031. [PMID: 36581707 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01282-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Almost like a living being in and of itself, tumors actively interact with and modify their environment to escape immune responses. Owing to the pre-formation of cancer-favorable microenvironment prior to anti-cancer treatment, the numerous attempts that followed propose limited efficacy in oncology. Immunogenicity by activation of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment or recruitment of immune cells from nearby lymph nodes is quickly offset as the immunosuppressive environment, rapidly converting immunogenic cells into immune suppressive cells, overriding the immune system. Tumor cells, as well as regulatory cells, namely M2 macrophages, Treg cells, and MDSCs, derived by the immunosuppressive environment, also cloak from potential anti-tumoral factors by directly or indirectly secreting cytokines, such as IL-10 and TGF-β, related to immune regulation. Enzymes and other metabolic or angiogenetic constituents - VEGF, IDO1, and iNOS - are also employed directed for anti-cancer immune cell malfunctioning. Therefore, the conversion of "cold" immunosuppressive environment into "hot" immune responsive environment is of paramount importance, bestowing the advances in the field of cancer immunotherapy the opportunity to wholly fulfill its intended purpose. This paper reviews the mechanisms by which tumors wield to exercise immune suppression and the nanoengineered delivery strategies being developed to overcome this suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Hyun Park
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryounho Eun
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Janghun Heo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Taik Lim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Najibi AJ, Larkin K, Feng Z, Jeffreys N, Dacus MT, Rustagi Y, Hodi FS, Mooney DJ. Chemotherapy Dose Shapes the Expression of Immune-Interacting Markers on Cancer Cells. Cell Mol Bioeng 2022; 15:535-551. [PMID: 36531864 PMCID: PMC9751245 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-022-00742-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tumor and immune cells interact through a variety of cell-surface proteins that can either restrain or promote tumor progression. The impacts of cytotoxic chemotherapy dose and delivery route on this interaction profile remain incompletely understood, and could support the development of more effective combination therapies for cancer treatment. Methods and Results Here, we found that exposure to the anthracycline doxorubicin altered the expression of numerous immune-interacting markers (MHC-I, PD-L1, PD-L2, CD47, Fas, and calreticulin) on live melanoma, breast cancer, and leukemia cells in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Notably, an intermediate dose best induced immunogenic cell death and the expression of immune-activating markers without maximizing expression of markers associated with immune suppression. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells exposed to ovalbumin-expressing melanoma treated with intermediate doxorubicin dose became activated and best presented tumor antigen. In a murine melanoma model, both the doxorubicin dose and delivery location (systemic infusion versus local administration) affected the expression of these markers on live tumor cells. Particularly, local release of doxorubicin from a hydrogel increased calreticulin expression on tumor cells without inducing immune-suppressive markers, in a manner dependent on the loaded dose. Doxorubicin exposure also altered the expression of immune-interacting markers in patient-derived melanoma cells. Conclusions Together, these results illustrate how standard-of-care chemotherapy, when administered in various manners, can lead to distinct expression of immunogenic markers on cancer cells. These findings may inform development of chemo-immunotherapy combinations for cancer treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-022-00742-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Najibi
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Kerry Larkin
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Zhaoqianqi Feng
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Nicholas Jeffreys
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Mason T. Dacus
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Yashika Rustagi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - F. Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - David J. Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Zhang Q, Jin S, Zou X. scAB detects multiresolution cell states with clinical significance by integrating single-cell genomics and bulk sequencing data. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:12112-12130. [PMID: 36440766 PMCID: PMC9757078 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although single-cell sequencing has provided a powerful tool to deconvolute cellular heterogeneity of diseases like cancer, extrapolating clinical significance or identifying clinically-relevant cells remains challenging. Here, we propose a novel computational method scAB, which integrates single-cell genomics data with clinically annotated bulk sequencing data via a knowledge- and graph-guided matrix factorization model. Once combined, scAB provides a coarse- and fine-grain multiresolution perspective of phenotype-associated cell states and prognostic signatures previously not visible by single-cell genomics. We use scAB to enhance live cancer single-cell RNA-seq data, identifying clinically-relevant previously unrecognized cancer and stromal cell subsets whose signatures show a stronger poor-survival association. The identified fine-grain cell subsets are associated with distinct cancer hallmarks and prognosis power. Furthermore, scAB demonstrates its utility as a biomarker identification tool, with the ability to predict immunotherapy, drug responses and survival when applied to melanoma single-cell RNA-seq datasets and glioma single-cell ATAC-seq datasets. Across multiple single-cell and bulk datasets from different cancer types, we also demonstrate the superior performance of scAB in generating prognosis signatures and survival predictions over existing models. Overall, scAB provides an efficient tool for prioritizing clinically-relevant cell subsets and predictive signatures, utilizing large publicly available databases to improve prognosis and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinran Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Computational Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Suoqin Jin
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +86 027 68752957; Fax: +86 027 68752256;
| | - Xiufen Zou
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Xiufen Zou. Tel: +86 027 68752957; Fax: +86 027 68752256;
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Wang Q, Yang B, Wang N, Gu J. Tumor immunomodulatory effects of polyphenols. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1041138. [PMID: 36505462 PMCID: PMC9729837 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1041138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols, commonly found in various plants, have attracted enormous attention due to their potential pharmacological activity, especially antitumor activity dependent on immune function. In recent years, the development of nanomedicine can counteract the low bioavailability of polyphenols and improve the effect of tumor treatment. Among them, metal-phenolic networks (MPNs), which utilize various metal ions and phenolic ligands for coordination binding, have now become candidates for polyphenol-based nanomedicine treatment of tumors. In this mini-review, we described the classification of polyphenols and their mechanisms in antitumor immune responses, and provided suggestions for the next steps of treating tumors with polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- *Correspondence: Qin Wang, ; Jian Gu,
| | | | | | - Jian Gu
- *Correspondence: Qin Wang, ; Jian Gu,
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Yang H, Zhang J, Ling J. The Modulatory Effects and Targets Prediction of Herbal Medicines or Phytochemicals on Cancer Immunosurveillance. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:1401-1422. [PMID: 35748216 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a main life-threatening disease worldwide. Due to the adverse effects of conventional chemotherapies and radiotherapies, immunotherapy has emerged as a potent strategy to treat cancer. In cancer immunotherapy, cancer immune surveillance plays a crucial role in the cancer process, which contains various effector cells from innate and adaptive immunity. This review summarized the functions of innate and adaptive immune cells in cancer immunosurveillance and their main reported targets. Moreover, the potential targets about the modulatory effects of cancer immunosurveillance were predicted using network-based target analysis, with total predicted pathways not only reporting previously reported pathways, but also putative signaling pathways pending for investigation. In addition, the potential use of herbal medicines and their phytochemicals in the modulation of cancer immunosurveillance were also discussed. Taken together, this review paper aims to provide scientific insight into further drug development, particularly herbs, phytochemicals, and TCM formulae, in the modulatory effects of cancer immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihai Yang
- College of Chinese Medicine Material, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 136000, P. R. China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities, Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicine Material, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 136000, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Ling
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities, Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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10
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Yang H, Wang L, Zhang J. Leukocyte modulation by natural products from herbal medicines and potential as cancer immunotherapy. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:185-200. [PMID: 35612275 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ru0222-087rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer constitutes a kind of life-threatening disease that is prevalent throughout the world. In light of limitations in conventional chemotherapies or radiotherapies, cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a potent strategy in treating cancer. In cancer immunotherapy, preliminary studies have demonstrated that cancer immune surveillance serves a crucial role in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Herbal medicines and natural products, which serve as alternative medicines, are involved in the modulation of tumor immunosurveillance to enhance antitumor activity. Accordingly, this review aimed to summarize the modulation function of herbal medicines and natural products on tumor immunosurveillance while providing scientific insight into further research on its molecular mechanism and potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihai Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine Material, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Department of Chinese medicine, College of Medicine, Changchun Science-Technology University, Changchun, China.,Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Chinese medicine, College of Medicine, Changchun Science-Technology University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine Material, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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11
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Exosomes for Regulation of Immune Responses and Immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF NANOTHERANOSTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jnt3010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane-enveloped nanosized (30–150 nm) extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin produced by almost all cell types and encompass a multitude of functioning biomolecules. Exosomes have been considered crucial players of cell-to-cell communication in physiological and pathological conditions. Accumulating evidence suggests that exosomes can modulate the immune system by delivering a plethora of signals that can either stimulate or suppress immune responses, which have potential applications as immunotherapies for cancer and autoimmune diseases. Here, we discuss the current knowledge about the active biomolecular components of exosomes that contribute to exosomal function in modulating different immune cells and also how these immune cell-derived exosomes play critical roles in immune responses. We further discuss the translational potential of engineered exosomes as immunotherapeutic agents with their advantages over conventional nanocarriers for drug delivery and ongoing clinical trials.
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12
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Anti-GD2 Directed Immunotherapy for High-Risk and Metastatic Neuroblastoma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030358. [PMID: 35327550 PMCID: PMC8945428 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is one of the few childhood cancers that carries a tumor-specific antigen in the form of a glycolipid antigen known as GD2. It has restricted expression in normal tissue, such as peripheral afferent nerves. Monoclonal antibodies targeting GD2 have been applied clinically to high-risk neuroblastoma with significant success. However, there are different anti-GD2 products and administration regimens. For example, anti-GD2 has been used in combination with chemotherapy during the induction phase or with retinoic acid during the maintenance stage. Regimens also vary in the choice of whether to add cytokines (i.e., IL-2, GMCSF, or both). Furthermore, the addition of an immune enhancer, such as β-glucan, or allogeneic natural killer cells also becomes a confounder in the interpretation. The question concerning which product or method of administration is superior remains to be determined. So far, most studies agree that adding anti-GD2 to the conventional treatment protocol can achieve better short- to intermediate-term event-free and overall survival, but the long-term efficacy remains to be verified. How to improve its efficacy is another challenge. Late relapse and central nervous system metastasis have emerged as new problems. The methods to overcome the mechanisms related to immune evasion or resistance to immunotherapy represent new challenges to be resolved. The newer anti-GD2 strategies, such as bispecific antibody linking of anti-GD2 with activated T cells or chimeric antigen receptor T cells, are currently under clinical trials, and they may become promising alternatives. The use of anti-GD2/GD3 tumor vaccine is a novel and potential approach to minimizing late relapse. How to induce GD2 expression from tumor cells using the epigenetic approach is a hot topic nowadays. We expect that anti-GD2 treatment can serve as a model for the use of monoclonal antibody immunotherapy against cancers in the future.
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Isolation and Identification of Adipose Stem Cell Exosomes and the Study of Its Potential as Drug Delivery Carrier In Vitro. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:2594-2603. [PMID: 35175564 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03835-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Most small molecule anticancer drugs have high lipophilicity and low water solubility, which is often regarded as a key obstacle to their development and clinical applications. A variety of nano-size drug carriers, like liposomes, has been developed for solubilizing these drugs. Naturally secreted by cells, exosomes have good biocompatibility and are considered as "natural liposomes." Exosomes released by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) not only have the properties like the ones generated by other cells but may also possess many therapeutic bioactive factors uniquely secreted by stem cells. In the present study, exosomes secreted by murine adipose stem cells (mASCs) were isolated, identified, and characterized. Its potential as drug delivery carrier and its biological effects on hepatoma cells and normal liver cell lines were explored in vitro. The data indicated that mASC exosomes separated by our improved sequential filtration method have particle size distribution in 30-150 nm, positively expresses TSG101, CD63, CD9, GADPH, and negatively expresses calnexin. The exosomes of mASCs obtained by this method could be taken up by cells and inhibit the cell activity of hepatoma cells HepG2, while enhance the normal cell activity of THLE-2. The results suggest that ASC exosomes are ideal potential drug delivery carriers and have the prospect of applications in carcinoma treatments.
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Codolo G, Facchinello N, Papa N, Bertocco A, Coletta S, Benna C, Dall’Olmo L, Mocellin S, Tiso N, de Bernard M. Macrophage-Mediated Melanoma Reduction after HP-NAP Treatment in a Zebrafish Xenograft Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031644. [PMID: 35163566 PMCID: PMC8836027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Helicobacter pylori Neutrophil Activating Protein (HP-NAP) is endowed with immunomodulatory properties that make it a potential candidate for anticancer therapeutic applications. By activating cytotoxic Th1 responses, HP-NAP inhibits the growth of bladder cancer and enhances the anti-tumor activity of oncolytic viruses in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer and neuroendocrine tumors. The possibility that HP-NAP exerts its anti-tumor effect also by modulating the activity of innate immune cells has not yet been explored. Taking advantage of the zebrafish model, we examined the therapeutic efficacy of HP-NAP against metastatic human melanoma, limiting the observational window to 9 days post-fertilization, well before the maturation of the adaptive immunity. Human melanoma cells were xenotransplanted into zebrafish embryos and tracked in the presence or absence of HP-NAP. The behavior and phenotype of macrophages and the impact of their drug-induced depletion were analyzed exploiting macrophage-expressed transgenes. HP-NAP administration efficiently inhibited tumor growth and metastasis and this was accompanied by strong recruitment of macrophages with a pro-inflammatory profile at the tumor site. The depletion of macrophages almost completely abrogated the ability of HP-NAP to counteract tumor growth. Our findings highlight the pivotal role of activated macrophages in counteracting melanoma growth and support the notion that HP-NAP might become a new biological therapeutic agent for the treatment of metastatic melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Codolo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.C.); (N.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Nicola Facchinello
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Nicole Papa
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.C.); (N.P.); (S.C.)
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Ambra Bertocco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Sara Coletta
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.C.); (N.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Clara Benna
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padova, 35124 Padova, Italy;
| | - Luigi Dall’Olmo
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.D.); (S.M.)
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padova, 35124 Padova, Italy;
| | - Simone Mocellin
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.D.); (S.M.)
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padova, 35124 Padova, Italy;
| | - Natascia Tiso
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.C.); (N.P.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (M.d.B.)
| | - Marina de Bernard
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.C.); (N.P.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (M.d.B.)
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15
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He J, Ren W, Wang W, Han W, Jiang L, Zhang D, Guo M. Exosomal targeting and its potential clinical application. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:2385-2402. [PMID: 34973131 PMCID: PMC9458566 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by a variety of living cells, which have a certain degree of natural targeting as nano-carriers. Almost all exosomes released by cells will eventually enter the blood circulation or be absorbed by other cells. Under the action of content sorting mechanism, some specific surface molecules can be expressed on the surface of exosomes, such as tetraspanins protein and integrin. To some extent, these specific surface molecules can fuse with specific cells, so that exosomes show specific cell natural targeting. In recent years, exosomes have become a drug delivery system with low immunogenicity, high biocompatibility and high efficacy. Nucleic acids, polypeptides, lipids, or small molecule drugs with therapeutic function are organically loaded into exosomes, and then transported to specific types of cells or tissues in vivo, especially tumor tissues, to achieve targeting drug delivery. The natural targeting of exosome has been found and recognized in some studies, but there are still many challenges in effective clinical treatments. The use of the natural targeting of exosomes alone is incapable of accurately transporting the goods loaded to specific sites. Besides, the natural targeting of exosomes is still an open question in disease targeting and efficient gene/chemotherapy combined therapy. Engineering transformation and modification on exosomes can optimize its natural targeting and deliver the goods to a specific location, providing wide use in clinical treatment. This review summarizes the research progress of exosomal natural targeting and transformation strategy of obtained targeting after transformation. The mechanism of natural targeting and obtained targeting after transformation are also reviewed. The potential value of exosomal targeting in clinical application is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao He
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqi Guo
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
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16
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Chen H, Wang L, Zeng X, Schwarz H, Nanda HS, Peng X, Zhou Y. Exosomes, a New Star for Targeted Delivery. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:751079. [PMID: 34692704 PMCID: PMC8531489 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.751079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-secreted nanoparticles (generally with a size of 30–150 nm) bearing numerous biological molecules including nucleic acids, proteins and lipids, which are thought to play important roles in intercellular communication. As carriers, exosomes hold promise as advanced platforms for targeted drug/gene delivery, owing to their unique properties, such as innate stability, low immunogenicity and excellent tissue/cell penetration capacity. However, their practical applications can be limited due to insufficient targeting ability or low efficacy in some cases. In order to overcome these existing challenges, various approaches have been applied to engineer cell-derived exosomes for a higher selectivity and effectiveness. This review presents the state-of-the-art designs and applications of advanced exosome-based systems for targeted cargo delivery. By discussing experts’ opinions, we hope this review will inspire the researchers in this field to develop more practical exosomal delivery systems for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xinling Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource From Lingnan, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Herbert Schwarz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Himansu Sekhar Nanda
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, PDPM-Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur, India
| | - Xinsheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yubin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
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Lin H, Cheng J, Mu W, Zhou J, Zhu L. Advances in Universal CAR-T Cell Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:744823. [PMID: 34691052 PMCID: PMC8526896 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.744823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy achieved extraordinary achievements results in antitumor treatments, especially against hematological malignancies, where it leads to remarkable, long-term antineoplastic effects with higher target specificity. Nevertheless, some limitations persist in autologous CAR-T cell therapy, such as high costs, long manufacturing periods, and restricted cell sources. The development of a universal CAR-T (UCAR-T) cell therapy is an attractive breakthrough point that may overcome most of these drawbacks. Here, we review the progress and challenges in CAR-T cell therapy, especially focusing on comprehensive comparison in UCAR-T cell therapy to original CAR-T cell therapy. Furthermore, we summarize the developments and concerns about the safety and efficiency of UCAR-T cell therapy. Finally, we address other immune cells, which might be promising candidates as a complement for UCAR-T cells. Through a detailed overview, we describe the current landscape and explore the prospect of UCAR-T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolong Lin
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiali Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Mu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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18
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Serum Amyloid A Proteins and Their Impact on Metastasis and Immune Biology in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133179. [PMID: 34202272 PMCID: PMC8267706 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The liver responds to systemic inflammation and injury in a coordinated manner, called the acute phase response. While this normal physiological response aims to restore homeostasis, malignant transformation coopts this biology to increase the risk for metastasis, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance. In this Review, we discuss the importance of acute phase response proteins in regulating cancer biology and treatment efficacy. We also consider potential strategies to intervene on acute phase biology as an approach to improve outcomes in cancer. Abstract Cancer triggers the systemic release of inflammatory molecules that support cancer cell metastasis and immune evasion. Notably, this biology shows striking similarity to an acute phase response that is coordinated by the liver. Consistent with this, a role for the liver in defining cancer biology is becoming increasingly appreciated. Understanding the mechanisms that link acute phase biology to metastasis and immune evasion in cancer may reveal vulnerable pathways and novel therapeutic targets. Herein, we discuss a link between acute phase biology and cancer with a focus on serum amyloid A proteins and their involvement in regulating the metastatic cascade and cancer immunobiology.
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19
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Chen L, Hong W, Ren W, Xu T, Qian Z, He Z. Recent progress in targeted delivery vectors based on biomimetic nanoparticles. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:225. [PMID: 34099630 PMCID: PMC8182741 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, great interest has been given to biomimetic nanoparticles (BNPs) since the rise of targeted drug delivery systems and biomimetic nanotechnology. Biological vectors including cell membranes, extracellular vesicles (EVs), and viruses are considered promising candidates for targeted delivery owing to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. BNPs, the integration of biological vectors and functional agents, are anticipated to load cargos or camouflage synthetic nanoparticles to achieve targeted delivery. Despite their excellent intrinsic properties, natural vectors are deliberately modified to endow multiple functions such as good permeability, improved loading capability, and high specificity. Through structural modification and transformation of the vectors, they are pervasively utilized as more effective vehicles that can deliver contrast agents, chemotherapy drugs, nucleic acids, and genes to target sites for refractory disease therapy. This review summarizes recent advances in targeted delivery vectors based on cell membranes, EVs, and viruses, highlighting the potential applications of BNPs in the fields of biomedical imaging and therapy industry, as well as discussing the possibility of clinical translation and exploitation trend of these BNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiqi Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenyan Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiyao He
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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20
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Zhang X, Wang L, Xie F, Yaseen A, Chen B, Zhang GL, Wang MK, Shen XF, Li F. A polysaccharide TKP-2-1 from Tamarindus indica L: Purification, structural characterization and immunomodulating activity. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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21
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LDL receptors and their role in targeted therapy for glioma: a review. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1212-1225. [PMID: 33609780 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are highly lethal forms of cancers occurring in the brain. Delivering the drugs into the brain is a major challenge to the treatment of gliomas because of the highly selectively permeable blood-brain barrier (BBB). Tapping the potential of receptor-mediated drug delivery systems using targeted nanoparticles (NPs) is a sought-after step forward toward successful glioma treatment. Several receptors are the focus of research for application in drug delivery. Low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR) are abundantly expressed in both healthy brains and diseased brains with a disrupted BBB. In this review, we discuss the LDLR and the types of NPs that have been used to target the brain via this receptor.
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Shelton SE, Nguyen HT, Barbie DA, Kamm RD. Engineering approaches for studying immune-tumor cell interactions and immunotherapy. iScience 2021; 24:101985. [PMID: 33490895 PMCID: PMC7808917 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes recent research that has advanced our understanding of the role of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) using advanced 3D in vitro models and engineering approaches. The TME can hinder effective eradication of tumor cells by the immune system, but immunotherapy has been able to reverse this effect in some cases. However, patient-to-patient variability in response suggests that we require deeper understanding of the mechanistic interactions between immune and tumor cells to improve response and develop novel therapeutics. Reconstruction of the TME using engineered 3D models allows high-resolution observation of cell interactions while allowing control of conditions such as hypoxia, matrix stiffness, and flow. Moreover, patient-derived organotypic models are an emerging tool for prediction of drug efficacy. This review highlights the importance of modeling and understanding the immune TME and describes new tools for identifying new biological targets, drug testing, and strategies for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Shelton
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huu Tuan Nguyen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David A. Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Daher M, Rezvani K. Outlook for New CAR-Based Therapies with a Focus on CAR NK Cells: What Lies Beyond CAR-Engineered T Cells in the Race against Cancer. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:45-58. [PMID: 33277313 PMCID: PMC8137521 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) engineering of T cells has revolutionized the field of cellular therapy for the treatment of cancer. Despite this success, autologous CAR-T cells have recognized limitations that have led to the investigation of other immune effector cells as candidates for CAR modification. Recently, natural killer (NK) cells have emerged as safe and effective platforms for CAR engineering. In this article, we review the advantages, challenges, and preclinical and clinical research advances in CAR NK cell engineering for cancer immunotherapy. We also briefly consider the feasibility and potential benefits of applying other immune effector cells as vehicles for CAR expression. SIGNIFICANCE: CAR engineering can redirect the specificity of immune effector cells, converting them to a much more potent weapon to combat cancer cells. Expanding this strategy to immune effectors beyond conventional T lymphocytes could overcome some of the limitations of CAR T cells, paving the way for safer and more effective off-the-shelf cellular therapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Daher
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Marisetty A, Wei J, Kong LY, Ott M, Fang D, Sabbagh A, Heimberger AB. MiR-181 Family Modulates Osteopontin in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123813. [PMID: 33348707 PMCID: PMC7765845 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary MicroRNAs can silence a broad set of target genes that may benefit heterogeneous tumors like glioblastoma. We have previously shown that osteopontin has an oncogenic role and may have immune modulatory effects on macrophages. In the current study, we used miRNAs to target osteopontin in tumor cells and modulate immune cells to elicit an antitumor effect. Intravenous delivery of miR-181a to immune competent mice bearing intracranial glioblastoma demonstrated a 22% increase in median survival duration relative to that of control mice. The overexpression of miR-181a in tumor cells led to decreased OPN production and proliferation and increased apoptosis in vitro, and increased survival duration of the mice when compared to its controls. miR-181a controls osteopontin expression in tumor cells by regulating their proliferation and apoptosis. Abstract MiRNAs can silence a wide range of genes, which may be an advantage for targeting heterogenous tumors like glioblastoma. Osteopontin (OPN) plays both an oncogenic role in a variety of cancers and can immune modulate macrophages. We conducted a genome wide profiling and bioinformatic analysis to identify miR-181a/b/c/d as potential miRNAs that target OPN. Luciferase assays confirmed the binding potential of miRNAs to OPN. Expression levels of miR-181a/b/c/d and OPN were evaluated by using quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in mouse and human glioblastomas and macrophages that showed these miRNAs were downregulated in Glioblastoma associated CD11b+ cells compared to their matched blood CD14b+ cells. miRNA mimicking and overexpression using lentiviruses showed that MiR-181a overexpression in glioblastoma cells led to decreased OPN production and proliferation and increased apoptosis in vitro. MiR-181a treatment of immune competent mice bearing intracranial glioblastoma demonstrated a 22% increase in median survival duration relative to that of control mice.
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The history and advances in cancer immunotherapy: understanding the characteristics of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and their therapeutic implications. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:807-821. [PMID: 32612154 PMCID: PMC7395159 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0488-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1052] [Impact Index Per Article: 263.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment and rejuvenated the field of tumor immunology. Several types of immunotherapy, including adoptive cell transfer (ACT) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have obtained durable clinical responses, but their efficacies vary, and only subsets of cancer patients can benefit from them. Immune infiltrates in the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been shown to play a key role in tumor development and will affect the clinical outcomes of cancer patients. Comprehensive profiling of tumor-infiltrating immune cells would shed light on the mechanisms of cancer-immune evasion, thus providing opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. However, the highly heterogeneous and dynamic nature of the TME impedes the precise dissection of intratumoral immune cells. With recent advances in single-cell technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and mass cytometry, systematic interrogation of the TME is feasible and will provide insights into the functional diversities of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. In this review, we outline the recent progress in cancer immunotherapy, particularly by focusing on landmark studies and the recent single-cell characterization of tumor-associated immune cells, and we summarize the phenotypic diversities of intratumoral immune cells and their connections with cancer immunotherapy. We believe such a review could strengthen our understanding of the progress in cancer immunotherapy, facilitate the elucidation of immune cell modulation in tumor progression, and thus guide the development of novel immunotherapies for cancer treatment.
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Chang RB, Beatty GL. The interplay between innate and adaptive immunity in cancer shapes the productivity of cancer immunosurveillance. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:363-376. [PMID: 32272502 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mir0320-475r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is a vital determinant of cancer and shapes its trajectory. Notably, the immune reaction to cancer harbors dual potential for suppressing or promoting cancer development and progression. This polarity of the immune response is determined, in part, by the character of the interplay between innate and adaptive immunity. On the one hand, the innate immune compartment is a necessary proponent of cancer immunity by supporting an immunostimulatory state that enables T cell immunosurveillance. However, in the setting of cancer, innate immune cells are commonly polarized with immune-suppressive properties and as a result, orchestrate a tolerogenic niche that interferes with the cytotoxic potential of tumor antigen-specific T cells. Here, we discuss the role of innate immunity as a positive and negative regulator of adaptive immunosurveillance; moreover, we highlight how tumor cells may skew leukocytes toward an immunosuppressive state and, as such, subvert the phenotypic plasticity of the immune compartment to advance disease progression. These observations establish the precedent for novel therapeutic strategies that aim to restore the tumor microenvironment to an immunoreactive state and, in doing so, condition and maintain the immunogenicity of tumors to yield deep and durable responses to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee B Chang
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gregory L Beatty
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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27
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Wattenberg MM, Beatty GL. Overcoming immunotherapeutic resistance by targeting the cancer inflammation cycle. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 65:38-50. [PMID: 31954172 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a hallmark of cancer and supports tumor growth, proliferation, and metastasis, but also inhibits T cell immunosurveillance and the efficacy of immunotherapy. The biology of cancer inflammation is defined by a cycle of distinct immunological steps that begins during disease conception with the release of inflammatory soluble factors. These factors communicate with host organs to trigger bone marrow mobilization of myeloid cells, trafficking of myeloid cells to the tumor, and differentiation of myeloid cells within the tumor bed. Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells then orchestrate an immunosuppressive microenvironment and assist in sustaining a vicious cycle of inflammation that co-evolves with tumor cells. This Cancer-Inflammation Cycle acts as a rheostat or "inflammostat" that impinges upon T cell immunosurveillance and prevents the development of productive anti-tumor immunity. Here, we define the major nodes of the Cancer-Inflammation Cycle and describe their impact on T cell immunosurveillance in cancer. Additionally, we discuss emerging pre-clinical and clinical data suggesting that intervening upon the Cancer-Inflammation Cycle will be a necessary step for broadening the potential of immunotherapy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max M Wattenberg
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Gregory L Beatty
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.
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28
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Shen L, Kang L, Wang D, Xun J, Chen C, Du L, Zhang M, Gong J, Mi X, Yue S, Zhang Y, Song X, Xiang R, Zhang Z, Tan X. Legumain-deficient macrophages promote senescence of tumor cells by sustaining JAK1/STAT1 activation. Cancer Lett 2019; 472:40-49. [PMID: 31857155 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages serve as the first line of communication between tumors and the rest of the immune system, and understanding the interplay between macrophage and tumor cells is essential for developing novel macrophage-based strategy against tumor. Here, we show that deletion of legumain in macrophages activates senescence of tumor cells. Macrophage derived IL-1β mediates the pro-senescent effect of Lgmn-/- macrophages since blockage of IL-1β reverses the senescence phenotype in both a coculture model of macrophage and tumor cells and an orthotopic mouse model of breast cancer. Sustained activation of JAK1/STAT1 signaling and increased iNOS were found in the tumor cell-cocultured Lgmn-/- macrophages, which were necessary for IL-1β expression and secretion. Applying a specific STAT1 agonist mimics the inductive effect of legumain deletion on IL-1β expression in macrophages, and the effect can be blocked via inhibition of iNOS. Legumain and integrin αvβ3 interact to prevent STAT1 signaling in macrophages, and blockage of integrin αvβ3 stimulates STAT1 activation. Therapeutically, transplantation of bone marrow from Lgmn-/- mice suppresses the malignant growth of tumor by upregulating tumor cell senescence. Therefore, our finding highlights legumain in macrophages as a potential therapeutic target for tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Shen
- College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Lichun Kang
- College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dekun Wang
- College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jing Xun
- College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chuan'ai Chen
- College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lingfang Du
- College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Mianzhi Zhang
- Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China
| | - Junbo Gong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xue Mi
- College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shijing Yue
- College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiangrong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhujun Zhang
- College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Xiaoyue Tan
- College of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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29
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Joseph M, Enting D. Immune Responses in Bladder Cancer-Role of Immune Cell Populations, Prognostic Factors and Therapeutic Implications. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1270. [PMID: 31824850 PMCID: PMC6879653 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosurveillance, which describes the immunologically mediated elimination of transformed cells, has been widely accepted in the context of bladder cancer for many decades with the successful use of Bacillus-Calmette Guerin for superficial bladder cancer since the 1970s. With the emergence of checkpoint inhibitor blockade in the treatment of urothelial cancers, there has been a resurgent interest in the immunology of bladder cancer. The theory of cancer immunoediting proposes that the immune system has both pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumor effects, the balance between the two determining the progression of an individual tumor. However, whilst there is evidence for the action of various immune cell populations in bladder cancer, a cohesive picture of the immune response to bladder cancer and its driving forces are still lacking. Additionally, little is still known about the normal immune landscape of the bladder. Future progress in bladder cancer therapeutic approaches will require a strong foundation in understanding the immunology of this disease. This review considers the evidence for the role of the main immune cell populations, both innate and adaptive, in the immune response to bladder cancer. Recent research and overarching themes in the immune response to bladder cancer are explored. The minimal evidence regarding the normal immune landscape of the human bladder is also summarized to contextualize downstream immune responses. Of specific interest are the innate and myeloid populations, some of which are resident in the human bladder and which have significant effects on downstream adaptive tumor immunity. We discuss factors which restrain the efficacy of populations known to have anti-tumor activity such as cytotoxic T cells, including the constraints on checkpoint blockade. Additionally, the effects on the immune response of tumor intrinsic factors such as the genomic subtype of bladder cancer and the effect of common therapies such as chemotherapy and intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin are considered. A significant theme is the polarization of immune responses within the tumor by a heavily immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment which affects the phenotype of multiple innate and adaptive populations. Throughout, clinical implications are discussed with suggestions for future research directions and therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene Joseph
- Hayday Laboratory, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Enting
- Department of Uro-Oncology, Guy's Hospital, Guy's St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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30
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Ranasinghe SL, Rivera V, Boyle GM, McManus DP. Kunitz type protease inhibitor from the canine tapeworm as a potential therapeutic for melanoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16207. [PMID: 31700040 PMCID: PMC6838156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52609-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulating the tumor microenvironment to promote an effective immune response is critical in managing any type of tumor. Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer and the incidence rate is increasing worldwide. Potent protease inhibitors have recently been extensively researched as potential therapeutic agents against various cancers. EgKI-1 is a potent Kunitz type protease inhibitor identified from the canine tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus that has shown anti-cancer activities in vivo. In this study we show that EgKI-1 significantly reduced the growth of melanoma in the B16-F0 mouse model and was not toxic to normal surrounding tissue. Moreover, EgKI-1 treatment significantly reduced survivin expression levels and increased the CD8+ T cell population in draining axillary lymph nodes. Therefore, EgKI-1 potentially reduces tumor growth by inducing apoptosis and modulating the tumor microenvironment, and has potential for development as an intra-lesional treatment for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwanthi L Ranasinghe
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Vanessa Rivera
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Glen M Boyle
- Cancer Drug Mechanisms Group, Cell & Molecular Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Donald P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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31
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Shan S, Fang B, Zhang Y, Wang C, Zhou J, Niu C, Gao Y, Zhao D, He J, Wang J, Zhang X, Li Q. Mechanical stretch promotes tumoricidal M1 polarization via the FAK/NF-κB signaling pathway. FASEB J 2019; 33:13254-13266. [PMID: 31539281 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900799rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages (Mφs) can be used as a part of cell-based cancer immunotherapy. However, they may be hampered by a failure to effectively and stably regulate their polarization state to enhance their tumoricidal effects. In this work, mechanical stretch (MS), as a biology-free modulatory method, was shown to enhance M1 polarization and tumoricidal effects. By using an in vitro Flexcell Tension system, we found that murine Mφ RAW264.7 cells showed higher M1 polarization-related mRNA expression and cytokine release after MS. Further molecular analyses found that focal adhesion kinase and NF-κB activation occurred in the MS-induced M1 polarization. Coculture of MS-preconditioned Mφ with B16F10 skin melanoma cells in vitro showed that the proliferation of B16F10 cells decreased, whereas caspase-3-induced apoptosis increased. Importantly, the injection of MS-preconditioned Mφ into murine skin melanomas in vivo impeded tumor growth; lesions were characterized by increased amounts of M1 Mφ, decreased tumor cell proliferation, and increased tumor cell apoptosis in the tumor microenvironment. Together, our results suggest that MS could be used as a simple preconditioning approach to prepare tumoricidal M1 Mφ for cancer immunotherapy.-Shan, S., Fang, B., Zhang, Y., Wang, C., Zhou, J., Niu, C., Gao, Y., Zhao, D., He, J., Wang, J., Zhang, X., Li, Q. Mechanical stretch promotes tumoricidal M1 polarization via the FAK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhou Shan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Fang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuandong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenguang Niu
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danyang Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahao He
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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32
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Stone ML, Beatty GL. Cellular determinants and therapeutic implications of inflammation in pancreatic cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 201:202-213. [PMID: 31158393 PMCID: PMC6708742 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a hallmark of cancer. For pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), malignant cells arise in the context of a brisk inflammatory cell infiltrate surrounded by dense fibrosis that is seen beginning at the earliest stages of cancer conception. This inflammatory and fibrotic milieu supports cancer cell escape from immune elimination and promotes malignant progression and metastatic spread to distant organs. Targeting this inflammatory reaction in PDAC by inhibiting or depleting pro-tumor elements and by engaging the potential of inflammatory cells to acquire anti-tumor activity has garnered strong research and clinical interest. Herein, we describe the current understanding of key determinants of inflammation in PDAC; mechanisms by which inflammation drives immune suppression; the impact of inflammation on metastasis, therapeutic resistance, and clinical outcomes; and strategies to intervene on inflammation for providing therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith L Stone
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United states of America; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Gregory L Beatty
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United states of America; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
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33
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Bercovici N, Guérin MV, Trautmann A, Donnadieu E. The Remarkable Plasticity of Macrophages: A Chance to Fight Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1563. [PMID: 31354719 PMCID: PMC6640155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) found in most advanced tumors have a pro-tumoral role. In this context, TAM limit the activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), and a number of mechanisms have been described including a trapping in the stroma, impeding TIL to reach malignant cells. Based on these results, a number of therapeutic approaches have been designed to deplete TAM. However, during tumor regression induced by immunotherapeutic treatments, recent studies revealed that TAM can switch from pro-tumoral to anti-tumoral and actively cooperate with TIL. Here, we will review the two faces of TAM in their interaction with TIL. We will summarize how they can inhibit T cell activities in growing tumors, and how they may also, together with T cells, successfully contribute to tumor eradication after an appropriate stimulation. Finally, we will discuss current promising therapies combining TAM reprogramming with T cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Bercovici
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marion V. Guérin
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alain Trautmann
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Donnadieu
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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34
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Immunological consequences of chemotherapy: Single drugs, combination therapies and nanoparticle-based treatments. J Control Release 2019; 305:130-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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35
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Haney MJ, Klyachko NL, Harrison EB, Zhao Y, Kabanov AV, Batrakova EV. TPP1 Delivery to Lysosomes with Extracellular Vesicles and their Enhanced Brain Distribution in the Animal Model of Batten Disease. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801271. [PMID: 30997751 PMCID: PMC6584948 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising natural nanocarriers for delivery of various types of therapeutics. Earlier engineered EV-based formulations for neurodegenerative diseases and cancer are reported. Herein, the use of macrophage-derived EVs for brain delivery of a soluble lysosomal enzyme tripeptidyl peptidase-1, TPP1, to treat a lysosomal storage disorder, Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses 2 (CLN2) or Batten disease, is investigated. TPP1 is loaded into EVs using two methods: i) transfection of parental EV-producing macrophages with TPP1-encoding plasmid DNA (pDNA) or ii) incorporation therapeutic protein TPP1 into naive empty EVs. For the former approach, EVs released by pretransfected macrophages contain the active enzyme and TPP1-encoding pDNA. To achieve high loading efficiency by the latter approach, sonication or permeabilization of EV membranes with saponin is utilized. Both methods provide proficient incorporation of functional TPP1 into EVs (EV-TPP1). EVs significantly increase stability of TPP1 against protease degradation and provide efficient TPP1 delivery to target cells in in vitro model of CLN2. The majority of EV-TPP1 (≈70%) is delivered to target organelles, lysosomes. Finally, a robust brain accumulation of EV carriers and increased lifespan is recorded in late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL) mouse model following intraperitoneal administration of EV-TPP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Haney
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Carolina Institute for Nanomedicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Natalia L Klyachko
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Carolina Institute for Nanomedicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Deparment of Chemical Enzymology, Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Emily B Harrison
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Carolina Institute for Nanomedicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yuling Zhao
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Carolina Institute for Nanomedicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alexander V Kabanov
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Carolina Institute for Nanomedicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Deparment of Chemical Enzymology, Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Elena V Batrakova
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Carolina Institute for Nanomedicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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36
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Eisel D, Das K, Dickes E, König R, Osen W, Eichmüller SB. Cognate Interaction With CD4 + T Cells Instructs Tumor-Associated Macrophages to Acquire M1-Like Phenotype. Front Immunol 2019; 10:219. [PMID: 30853959 PMCID: PMC6395406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) established by tumor cells, stromal cells and inhibitory immune cells counteracts the function of tumor reactive T cells. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) showing functional plasticity contribute to this process as so called M2-like macrophages can suppress the function of effector T cells and promote their differentiation into regulatory T cells (Tregs). Furthermore, tumor antigen specific CD4+ T effector cells can essentially sustain anti-tumoral immune responses as shown for various tumor entities, thus suggesting that cognate interaction between tumor antigen-specific CD4+ Th1 cells and TAMs might shift the intra-tumoral M1/M2 ratio toward M1. This study demonstrates repolarization of M2-like PECs upon MHC II-restricted interaction with tumor specific CD4+ Th1 cells in vitro as shown by extensive gene and protein expression analyses. Moreover, adoptive transfer of OVA-specific OT-II cells into C57BL/6 mice bearing OVA expressing IAb−/− tumors resulted in increased accumulation of M1-like TAMs with enhanced M1 associated gene and protein expression profiles. Thus, this paper highlights a so far underestimated function of the CD4+ Th1/TAM axis in re-conditioning the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Eisel
- GMP & T Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Biosciences Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, Germany
| | - Krishna Das
- GMP & T Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Biosciences Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Virology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elke Dickes
- GMP & T Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer König
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfram Osen
- GMP & T Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan B Eichmüller
- GMP & T Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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37
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Nabergoj S, Mlinarič-Raščan I, Jakopin Ž. Harnessing the untapped potential of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain ligands for cancer immunotherapy. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:1447-1484. [PMID: 30548868 PMCID: PMC6767550 DOI: 10.1002/med.21557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, cancer immunotherapy has emerged as an effective alternative to traditional therapies such as chemotherapy and radiation. In contrast to the latter, cancer immunotherapy has the potential to distinguish between cancer and healthy cells, and thus to avoid severe and intolerable side‐effects, since the cancer cells are effectively eliminated by stimulated immune cells. The cytosolic nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domains 1 and 2 receptors (NOD1 and NOD2) are important components of the innate immune system and constitute interesting targets in terms of strengthening the immune response against cancer cells. Many NOD ligands have been synthesized, in particular NOD2 agonists that exhibit favorable immunostimulatory and anticancer activity. Among them, mifamurtide has already been approved in Europe by the European Medicine Agency for treating patients with osteosarcoma in combination with chemotherapy after complete surgical removal of the primary tumor. This review is focused on NOD receptors as promising targets in cancer immunotherapy as well as summarizing current knowledge of the various NOD ligands exhibiting antitumor and even antimetastatic activity in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Nabergoj
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Žiga Jakopin
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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38
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Exosomes and Exosome-Inspired Vesicles for Targeted Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10040218. [PMID: 30404188 PMCID: PMC6321407 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The similarities between exosomes and liposomes, together with the high organotropism of several types of exosomes, have recently prompted the development of engineered-exosomes or exosome-mimetics, which may be artificial (liposomal) or cell-derived vesicles, as advanced platforms for targeted drug delivery. Here, we provide the current state-of-the-art of using exosome or exosome-inspired systems for drug delivery. We review the various approaches investigated and the shortcomings of each approach. Finally the challenges which have been identified to date in this field are summarized.
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Lacal PM, Graziani G. Therapeutic implication of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) targeting in cancer cells and tumor microenvironment by competitive and non-competitive inhibitors. Pharmacol Res 2018; 136:97-107. [PMID: 30170190 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) is a tyrosine kinase receptor for VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and placental growth factor (PlGF) ligands that is expressed in endothelial, myelomonocytic and tumor cells. VEGF-B and PlGF exclusively bind to VEGFR-1, whereas VEGF-A also binds to VEGFR-2. At variance with VEGFR-2, VEGFR-1 does not play a relevant role in physiological angiogenesis in the adult, while it is important in tumor-associated angiogenesis. VEGFR-1 and PlGF are expressed in a variety of tumors, promote invasiveness and contribute to resistance to anti-VEGF-A therapy. The currently approved antiangiogenic therapies for the treatment of a variety of solid tumors hamper VEGF-A signaling mediated by both VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-1 [i.e., the monoclonal antibody (mAb) anti-VEGF-A bevacizumab, the chimeric molecule aflibercept and several small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors] or exclusively by VEGFR-2 (i.e., the mAb anti-VEGFR-2 ramucirumab). However, molecules that interfere with VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 signaling determine severe adverse effects due to inhibition of physiological angiogenesis and their efficacy is hampered by tumor infiltration of protumoral myeloid cells. Blockade of VEGFR-1 may exert anti-tumor activity by multiple mechanisms: a) inhibition of tumor-associated angiogenesis; b) reduction of myeloid progenitor mobilization and tumor infiltration by VEGFR-1 expressing M2 macrophages, which contribute to tumor progression and spreading; c) inhibition of invasiveness, vasculogenic mimicry and survival of VEGFR-1 positive tumor cells. As a consequence of these properties, molecules targeting VEGFR-1 are expected to produce less adverse effects and to counteract resistance towards anti-VEGF-A therapies. More interestingly, selective VEGFR-1 inhibition might enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we will examine the experimental evidence available so far that supports targeting VEGFR-1 signal transduction pathway for cancer treatment by competitive inhibitors that prevent growth factor interaction with the receptor and non-competitive inhibitors that hamper receptor activation without affecting ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Miguel Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy.
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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Functionalized extracellular vesicles as advanced therapeutic nanodelivery systems. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 121:34-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Lu M, Zhao X, Xing H, Xun Z, Yang T, Cai C, Wang D, Ding P. Liposome-chaperoned cell-free synthesis for the design of proteoliposomes: Implications for therapeutic delivery. Acta Biomater 2018; 76:1-20. [PMID: 29625253 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free (CF) protein synthesis has emerged as a powerful technique platform for efficient protein production in vitro. Liposomes have been widely studied as therapeutic carriers due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, flexible surface manipulation, easy preparation, and higher cargo encapsulation capability. However, rapid immune clearance, insufficient targeting capacity, and poor cytoplasmic delivery efficiency substantially restrict their clinical application. The incorporation of functional membrane proteins (MPs) or peptides allows the transfer of biological properties to liposomes and imparts them with improved circulation, increased targeting, and efficient intracellular delivery. Liposome-chaperoned CF synthesis enables production of proteoliposomes in one-step reaction, which not only substantially simplifies the production procedure but also keeps protein functionality intact. Building off these observations, proteoliposomes with integrated MPs represent an excellent candidate for therapeutic delivery. In this review, we describe recent advances in CF synthesis with emphasis on detailing key factors for improving CF expression efficiency. Furthermore, we provide insights into strategies for rational design of proteoliposomal nanodelivery systems via CF synthesis. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Liposome-chaperoned CF synthesis has emerged as a powerful approach for the design of recombinant proteoliposomes in one-step reaction. The incorporation of bioactive MPs or peptides into liposomes via CF synthesis can facilitate the development of proteoliposomal nanodelivery systems with improved circulation, increased targeting, and enhanced cellular delivery capacity. Moreover, by adapting lessons learned from natural delivery vehicles, novel bio-inspired proteoliposomes with enhanced delivery properties could be produced in CF systems. In this review, we first give an overview of CF synthesis with focus on enhancing protein expression in liposome-chaperoned CF systems. Furthermore, we intend to provide insight into harnessing CF-synthesized proteoliposomes for efficient therapeutic delivery.
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He H, Chiu AC, Kanada M, Schaar BT, Krishnan V, Contag CH, Dorigo O. Imaging of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Orthotopic Ovarian Cancer. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 19:694-702. [PMID: 28233218 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are often associated with a poor prognosis in cancer. To gain a better understanding of cellular recruitment and dynamics of TAM biology during cancer progression, we established a novel transgenic mouse model for in vivo imaging of luciferase-expressing macrophages. PROCEDURES B6.129P2-Lyz2tm1(cre)Ifo/J mice, which express Cre recombinase under the control of the lysozyme M promoter (LysM) were crossed to Cre-lox Luc reporter mice (RLG), to produce LysM-LG mice whose macrophages express luciferase. Cell-type-specific luciferase expression in these mice was verified by flow cytometry, and via in vivo bioluminescence imaging under conditions where macrophages were either stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or depleted with clodronate liposomes. The distribution of activated macrophages was longitudinally imaged in two immunocompetent LysM-LG mouse models with either B16 melanoma or ID8 ovarian cancer cells. RESULTS In vivo imaging of LysM-LG mice showed luciferase activity was generated by macrophages. Clodronate liposome-mediated depletion of macrophages lowered overall bioluminescence while lipopolysaccharide injection increased macrophage bioluminescence in both the B16 and ID8 models. Tracking macrophages weekly in tumor-bearing animals after intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intraovarian (i.o.) injection resulted in distinct, dynamic patterns of macrophage activity. Animals with metastatic ovarian cancer after i.p. injection exhibited significantly higher peritoneal macrophage activity compared to animals after i.o. injection. CONCLUSION The LysM-LG model allows tracking of macrophage recruitment and activation during disease initiation and progression in a noninvasive manner. This model provides a tool to visualize and monitor the benefit of pharmacological interventions targeting macrophages in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan He
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alan C Chiu
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Masamitsu Kanada
- Departments of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Bruce T Schaar
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Venkatesh Krishnan
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Christopher H Contag
- Departments of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Departments of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Oliver Dorigo
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Wei Z, Chen G, Zhang P, Zhu L, Zhang L, Chen K. Rhizopus nigricans polysaccharide activated macrophages and suppressed tumor growth in CT26 tumor-bearing mice. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 198:302-312. [PMID: 30093003 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a homogeneous polysaccharide (RPS-1) was extracted from liquid-cultured mycelia of Rhizopus nigricans. The weight-average molecular weight of RPS-1 was 1.617 × 107 g/mol and structural characterization indicated that RPS-1 was a non-starch glucan which consisted of a backbone structure of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl residues substituted at the O-6 position with α-d-glucopyranosyl branches. RPS-1 stimulated the production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-α by triggering phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B p65 in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Moreover, intragastric administration of RPS-1 improved the immune function of CT26 tumor-bearing mice and significantly inhibited the growth of transplanted tumor. In combination with 5-FU, RPS-1 enhanced antitumor activity of 5-FU and alleviated its toxicity on immune system. These findings suggested that RPS-1 has the potential for the development of functional foods and dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Wei
- Gynecology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guochuang Chen
- School of Life Science and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Pengying Zhang
- School of Life Science and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Linan Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kaoshan Chen
- School of Life Science and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
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Macrophages impede CD8 T cells from reaching tumor cells and limit the efficacy of anti-PD-1 treatment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E4041-E4050. [PMID: 29632196 PMCID: PMC5924916 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1720948115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 504] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a promising therapeutic intervention. However, complete and durable responses are seen in only a fraction of cancer patients. A key factor that limits therapeutic success is the lack of T cells in tumor cell regions, a profile termed “immune-excluded.” Here, we provide evidence that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important determinant of the establishment of a T cell-excluded tumor phenotype. In human and murine tumors, we found that CD8 T cells poorly migrate and invade tumor nests due to long-lasting interactions with TAMs. The depletion of TAMs restores T cell migration and infiltration into tumor islets and improves the efficacy of anti–PD-1 immunotherapy. This study highlights the rationale of combining approaches targeting TAM and immune checkpoint proteins. In a large proportion of cancer patients, CD8 T cells are excluded from the vicinity of cancer cells. The inability of CD8 T cells to reach tumor cells is considered an important mechanism of resistance to cancer immunotherapy. We show that, in human lung squamous-cell carcinomas, exclusion of CD8 T cells from tumor islets is correlated with a poor clinical outcome and with a low lymphocyte motility, as assessed by dynamic imaging on fresh tumor slices. In the tumor stroma, macrophages mediate lymphocyte trapping by forming long-lasting interactions with CD8 T cells. Using a mouse tumor model with well-defined stromal and tumor cell areas, macrophages were depleted with PLX3397, an inhibitor of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R). Our results reveal that a CSF-1R blockade enhances CD8 T cell migration and infiltration into tumor islets. Although this treatment alone has minor effects on tumor growth, its combination with anti–PD-1 therapy further increases the accumulation of CD8 T cells in close contact with malignant cells and delays tumor progression. These data suggest that the reduction of macrophage-mediated T cell exclusion increases tumor surveillance by CD8 T cells and renders tumors more responsive to anti–PD-1 treatment.
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Zhang Y, Cai K, Li C, Guo Q, Chen Q, He X, Liu L, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Chen X, Sun T, Huang Y, Cheng J, Jiang C. Macrophage-Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles for Tumor-Targeted Chemotherapy. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1908-1915. [PMID: 29473753 PMCID: PMC7470025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b05263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Various delivery vectors have been integrated within biologically derived membrane systems to extend their residential time and reduce their reticuloendothelial system (RES) clearance during systemic circulation. However, rational design is still needed to further improve the in situ penetration efficiency of chemo-drug-loaded membrane delivery-system formulations and their release profiles at the tumor site. Here, a macrophage-membrane-coated nanoparticle is developed for tumor-targeted chemotherapy delivery with a controlled release profile in response to tumor microenvironment stimuli. Upon fulfilling its mission of tumor homing and RES evasion, the macrophage-membrane coating can be shed via morphological changes driven by extracellular microenvironment stimuli. The nanoparticles discharged from the outer membrane coating show penetration efficiency enhanced by their size advantage and surface modifications. After internalization by the tumor cells, the loaded drug is quickly released from the nanoparticles in response to the endosome pH. The designed macrophage-membrane-coated nanoparticle (cskc-PPiP/PTX@Ma) exhibits an enhanced therapeutic effect inherited from both membrane-derived tumor homing and step-by-step controlled drug release. Thus, the combination of a biomimetic cell membrane and a cascade-responsive polymeric nanoparticle embodies an effective drug delivery system tailored to the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kaimin Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qinjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xi He
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lisha Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yifei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Rd, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Corresponding Author: ,
| | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Corresponding Author: ,
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Derakhshandeh R, Sanadhya S, Lee Han K, Chen H, Goloubeva O, Webb TJ, Younis RH. Semaphorin 4D in human head and neck cancer tissue and peripheral blood: A dense fibrotic peri-tumoral stromal phenotype. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 29541402 PMCID: PMC5834246 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for stromal biomarkers in carcinoma patients is a challenge in the field. Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D), known for its various developmental, physiological and pathological effects, plays a role in pro and anti-inflammatory responses. It is expressed in many epithelial tumors including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Recently, we found that HNSCC-associated Sema4D modulates an immune-suppressive, tumor-permissible environment by inducing the expansion of myeloid derived suppressor cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of Sema4D as a biomarker for the peri-tumoral stromal phenotype in human HNSCC. Our data showed Sema4D+ve/high tumor cells in 34% of the studied cohort with positive correlation to Stage III (p=0.0001). Sema4D+ve/high tumor cells correlated directly with dense fibrotic peri-tumoral stroma (p=0.0001) and inversely with infiltrate of Sema4D+ve/high tumor-associated inflammatory cells (TAIs) (p=0.01). Most of the Sema4D+ve/high TAIs were co-positive for the macrophage biomarker CD163. Knockdown of Sema4D in WSU-HN6 cells inhibited collagen production by fibroblasts, and decreased activated TGF-β1 levels in culture medium of HNSCC cell lines. In a stratification model of HNSCC using combined Sema4D and the programmed death ligand 1 (PDL-1), Sema4D+ve/high tumor cells represented a phenotype distinct from the PDL-1 positive tumors. Finally,Sema4D was detected in plasma of HNC patients at significantly higher levels (115.44, ± 39.37) compared to healthy donors (38.60± 12.73) (p <0.0001). In conclusion, we present a novel HNSCC tumor stratification model, based on the expression of the biomarker Sema4D. This model opens new avenues to novel targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Derakhshandeh
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sonia Sanadhya
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kyu Lee Han
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Olga Goloubeva
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,The Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tonya J Webb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,The Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rania H Younis
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Oral Pathology Consultants, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,The Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Garetto S, Sardi C, Martini E, Roselli G, Morone D, Angioni R, Cianciotti BC, Trovato AE, Franchina DG, Castino GF, Vignali D, Erreni M, Marchesi F, Rumio C, Kallikourdis M. Tailored chemokine receptor modification improves homing of adoptive therapy T cells in a spontaneous tumor model. Oncotarget 2018; 7:43010-43026. [PMID: 27177227 PMCID: PMC5190004 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, tumor Adoptive Cell Therapy (ACT), using administration of ex vivo-enhanced T cells from the cancer patient, has become a promising therapeutic strategy. However, efficient homing of the anti-tumoral T cells to the tumor or metastatic site still remains a substantial hurdle. Yet the tumor site itself attracts both tumor-promoting and anti-tumoral immune cell populations through the secretion of chemokines. We attempted to identify these chemokines in a model of spontaneous metastasis, in order to “hijack” their function by expressing matching chemokine receptors on the cytotoxic T cells used in ACT, thus allowing us to enhance the recruitment of these therapeutic cells. Here we show that this enabled the modified T cells to preferentially home into spontaneous lymph node metastases in the TRAMP model, as well as in an inducible tumor model, E.G7-OVA. Due to the improved homing, the modified CD8+ T cells displayed an enhanced in vivo protective effect, as seen by a significant delay in E.G7-OVA tumor growth. These results offer a proof of principle for the tailored application of chemokine receptor modification as a means of improving T cell homing to the target tumor, thus enhancing ACT efficacy. Surprisingly, we also uncover that the formation of the peri-tumoral fibrotic capsule, which has been shown to impede T cell access to tumor, is partially dependent on host T cell presence. This finding, which would be impossible to observe in immunodeficient model studies, highlights possible conflicting roles that T cells may play in a therapeutic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Garetto
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
| | - Claudia Sardi
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
| | - Elisa Martini
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
| | - Giuliana Roselli
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
| | - Diego Morone
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
| | - Roberta Angioni
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
| | | | - Anna Elisa Trovato
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
| | | | | | - Debora Vignali
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
| | - Marco Erreni
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
| | - Federica Marchesi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milano), Italy.,Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiano Rumio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marinos Kallikourdis
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milano), Italy.,Humanitas University, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
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Long KB, Collier AI, Beatty GL. Macrophages: Key orchestrators of a tumor microenvironment defined by therapeutic resistance. Mol Immunol 2017; 110:3-12. [PMID: 29273393 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages have emerged as promising therapeutic targets in cancer. Within tumor tissue, macrophages foster tumor development, invasion, and metastasis. As the phenotype of macrophages is inherently pliable and dependent on cues received from the surrounding microenvironment, macrophages co-evolve with malignant and other non-malignant cells during cancer progression. In doing so, they establish a microenvironment that is therapeutically resistant and thwarts the productivity of T cell immunosuveillance. Strategies designed to deplete, inhibit, or redirect macrophages with anti-tumor activity are being explored to reverse the pro-tumor properties of macrophages that are commonly observed in cancer. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the mechanisms that regulate macrophage recruitment to tumors, their impact on the tumor microenvironment, and their promise as therapeutic targets for improving the efficacy of cytotoxic- and immune-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen B Long
- Department of Biology, Mansfield University, Mansfield, PA 16933, USA
| | - Arthur I Collier
- Department of Biology, Mansfield University, Mansfield, PA 16933, USA
| | - Gregory L Beatty
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Netea MG, Joosten LAB, van der Meer JWM. Hypothesis: stimulation of trained immunity as adjunctive immunotherapy in cancer. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:1323-1332. [PMID: 29018149 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5ri0217-064rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has steadily progressed during the past decades, with checkpoint inhibitor therapy becoming the latest and one of the most promising treatments. Despite the progress, most of the patients do not respond or develop resistance, and novel additional approaches are needed to improve the clinical effectiveness of immunotherapy. Trained immunity (TI) has been described recently as a process of epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming that induces a long-term enhanced function of innate immune cells. TI is considered to have beneficial effects in improving host response to infections and vaccination, and increasing evidence suggests that TI-mediated mechanisms also have useful and potent antitumor effects. We hypothesized that novel and more effective approaches for immunotherapy in cancer may involve induction of TI, alone or in combination with current immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos W M van der Meer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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50
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Beatty GL, Eghbali S, Kim R. Deploying Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer: Defining Mechanisms of Response and Resistance. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2017; 37:267-278. [PMID: 28561678 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_175232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The immune reaction to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a strong prognostic determinant of clinical outcomes and may be a promising therapeutic target. We use multiplex immunohistochemistry to illustrate distinct patterns of T-cell and myeloid cell infiltration seen in PDAC that have therapeutic implications and discuss the current state of immunotherapy in this disease. Based on collective findings from clinical and preclinical studies, two conceptual models have emerged for applying immunotherapy in PDAC that involve (1) restoring elements of T-cell immunosurveillance and (2) redirecting myeloid cells to condition tumors with increased sensitivity to cytotoxic therapies. Overall, the success of immunotherapy in PDAC will most likely rely on strategic combinations of therapies that are informed by well-designed correlative analyses that consider the spatial heterogeneity of immune responses detected in malignant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L Beatty
- From the Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Shabnam Eghbali
- From the Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rebecca Kim
- From the Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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