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Wang B, Qu X, Su A, Zhu H. PD protects Müller cells through the SIRT1/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:97. [PMID: 38372810 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-02971-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polydatin (PD) has widely pharmacological activities. However, the effects of PD on high glucose (HG)-induced Müller cells in diabetic retinopathy (DR) are rarely studied. METHODS The protective effects of PD were evaluated in HG-induced human retinal Müller cells. The levels of pro-angiogenic factors and pro-inflammatory factors were detected using the ELISA kits. The expressions of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) and sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) were determined by western blot. RESULTS PD inhibited proliferation and activation of HG-induced MIO-M1 cells. PD treatment reduced the levels of pro-angiogenic factors, pro-inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress, while these effects were attenuated by NLRP3 agonist ATP in HG-induced MIO-M1 cells. Furthermore, PD inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by regulating the SIRT1 expression after HG stimulation, and knockdown of SIRT1 reversed the inhibition effects of PD on NLRP3 inflammasome, pro-angiogenic factors, pro-inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress in HG-induced MIO-M1 cells. CONCLUSION PD may inhibit HG-induced Müller cells proliferation and activation and suppress pro-angiogenic factors, pro-inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress through the SIRT1/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. In summary, PD treatment may be an effective therapeutic strategy for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, No.12, Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an City, 710006, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, No.12, Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an City, 710006, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Anle Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, No.12, Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an City, 710006, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hongna Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, No.12, Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an City, 710006, Shaanxi Province, China.
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2
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Navneet S, Wilson K, Rohrer B. Müller Glial Cells in the Macula: Their Activation and Cell-Cell Interactions in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:42. [PMID: 38416457 PMCID: PMC10910558 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.2.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Müller glia, the main glial cell of the retina, are critical for neuronal and vascular homeostasis in the retina. During age-related macular degeneration (AMD) pathogenesis, Müller glial activation, remodeling, and migrations are reported in the areas of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) degeneration, photoreceptor loss, and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) lesions. Despite this evidence indicating glial activation localized to the regions of AMD pathogenesis, it is unclear whether these glial responses contribute to AMD pathology or occur merely as a bystander effect. In this review, we summarize how Müller glia are affected in AMD retinas and share a prospect on how Müller glial stress might directly contribute to the pathogenesis of AMD. The goal of this review is to highlight the need for future studies investigating the Müller cell's role in AMD. This may lead to a better understanding of AMD pathology, including the conversion from dry to wet AMD, which has no effective therapy currently and may shed light on drug intolerance and resistance to current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Navneet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Kyrie Wilson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Bärbel Rohrer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Division of Research, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
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3
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Hu J, Zhu M, Li D, Wu Q, Le YZ. Critical Role of VEGF as a Direct Regulator of Photoreceptor Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1415:487-491. [PMID: 37440076 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27681-1_71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF or VEGF-A), a major pathogenic factor for diabetic and hypoxic blood-retina barrier (BRB) diseases, has been shown to act as a direct functional regulator for neurons in the peripheral and central nerve systems. To determine if VEGF plays a direct role in regulating retinal neuronal function, we established specific experimental procedures and examined the effect of recombinant VEGF (rVEGF) on photoreceptor function with electroretinography (ERG) in mice. In our case, rVEGF caused a significant reduction of scotopic ERG a-wave and b-wave amplitudes and photopic ERG b-wave amplitudes in a dose-dependent manner in dark-adapted wild-type (WT) mice, shortly after the intravitreal delivery of rVEGF in dark. However, the effect of rVEGF on photoreceptor function was nullified in adult Akita diabetic mice. Our data strongly suggest that VEGF is a direct regulator of photoreceptor function and VEGF upregulation contributes significantly to the diabetes-induced reduction of photoreceptor function. In this chapter, we will discuss the relevant background, key experimental procedures and results, and clinical significance of our work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyan Hu
- Department of Medicine/Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Meili Zhu
- Department of Medicine/Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Dai Li
- Department of Medicine/Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- School of Optometry, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Zheng Le
- Department of Medicine/Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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4
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MicroRNA-150 (miR-150) and Diabetic Retinopathy: Is miR-150 Only a Biomarker or Does It Contribute to Disease Progression? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012099. [PMID: 36292956 PMCID: PMC9603433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a chronic disease associated with diabetes mellitus and is a leading cause of visual impairment among the working population in the US. Clinically, DR has been diagnosed and treated as a vascular complication, but it adversely impacts both neural retina and retinal vasculature. Degeneration of retinal neurons and microvasculature manifests in the diabetic retina and early stages of DR. Retinal photoreceptors undergo apoptosis shortly after the onset of diabetes, which contributes to the retinal dysfunction and microvascular complications leading to vision impairment. Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of diabetes and a contributor to cell apoptosis, and retinal photoreceptors are a major source of intraocular inflammation that contributes to vascular abnormalities in diabetes. As the levels of microRNAs (miRs) are changed in the plasma and vitreous of diabetic patients, miRs have been suggested as biomarkers to determine the progression of diabetic ocular diseases, including DR. However, few miRs have been thoroughly investigated as contributors to the pathogenesis of DR. Among these miRs, miR-150 is downregulated in diabetic patients and is an endogenous suppressor of inflammation, apoptosis, and pathological angiogenesis. In this review, how miR-150 and its downstream targets contribute to diabetes-associated retinal degeneration and pathological angiogenesis in DR are discussed. Currently, there is no effective treatment to stop or reverse diabetes-caused neural and vascular degeneration in the retina. Understanding the molecular mechanism of the pathogenesis of DR may shed light for the future development of more effective treatments for DR and other diabetes-associated ocular diseases.
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Wang Y, Yu H, Li J, Liu W, Yu S, Lv P, Zhao L, Wang X, Zuo Z, Liu X. Th22 cells induce Müller cell activation via the Act1/TRAF6 pathway in diabetic retinopathy. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 390:367-383. [PMID: 36201050 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03689-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
T helper 22 (Th22) cells have been implicated in diabetic retinopathy (DR), but it remains unclear whether Th22 cells involve in the pathogenesis of DR. To investigate the role of Th22 cells in DR mice, the animal models were established by intraperitoneal injection of STZ and confirmed by fundus fluorescein angiography and retinal haematoxylin-eosin staining. IL-22BP was administered by intravitreal injection. IL-22 level was measured by ELISA in vivo and in vitro. The expression of IL-22Rα1 in the retina was assessed by immunofluorescence. We assessed GFAP, VEGF, ICAM-1, inflammatory-associated factors and the integrity of blood-retinal barrier in control, DR, IL-22BP, and sham group. Müller cells were co-cultured with Th22 cells, and the expression of the above proteins was measured by immunoblotting. Plasmid transfection technique was used to silence Act1 gene in Müller cells. Results in vivo and in vitro indicated that Th22 cells infiltrated into the DR retinal and IL-22Rα1 expressed in Müller cells. Th22 cells promoted Müller cells activation and inflammatory factor secretion by secreting IL-22 compared with high-glucose stimulation alone. In addition, IL-22BP ameliorated the pathological alterations of the retina in DR. Inhibition of the inflammatory signalling cascade through Act1 knockdown alleviated DR-like pathology. All in all, the results suggested that Th22 cells infiltrated into the retina and secreted IL-22 in DR, and then IL-22 binding with IL-22Rα1 activated the Act1/TRAF6 signal pathway, and promoted the inflammatory of Müller cells and involved the pathogenesis of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hongdan Yu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Shengxue Yu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Pan Lv
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Lipan Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xiaobai Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhongfu Zuo
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China. .,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China. .,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Xuezheng Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China. .,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
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6
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Al Kawas H, Saaid I, Jank P, Westhoff CC, Denkert C, Pross T, Weiler KBS, Karsten MM. How VEGF-A and its splice variants affect breast cancer development - clinical implications. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:227-239. [PMID: 35303290 PMCID: PMC9050780 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00665-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered expression levels and structural variations in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been found to play important roles in cancer development and to be associated with the overall survival and therapy response of cancer patients. Particularly VEGF-A and its splice variants have been found to affect physiological and pathological angiogenic processes, including tumor angiogenesis, correlating with tumor progression, mostly caused by overexpression. This review focuses on the expression and impact of VEGF-A splice variants under physiologic conditions and in tumors and, in particular, the distribution and role of isoform VEGF165b in breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES Many publications already highlighted the importance of VEGF-A and its splice variants in tumor therapy, especially in breast cancer, which are summarized in this review. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate that cytoplasmatic VEGFA/165b expression is higher in invasive breast cancer tumor cells than in normal tissues or stroma. These examples show that the detection of VEGF splice variants can be performed also on the protein level in formalin fixed tissues. Although no quantitative conclusions can be drawn, these results may be the starting point for further studies at a quantitative level, which can be a major step towards the design of targeted antibody-based (breast) cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hivin Al Kawas
- Department of Gynecology with Breast Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Inas Saaid
- Department of Gynecology with Breast Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Jank
- Institute of Pathology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Denkert
- Institute of Pathology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Therese Pross
- Department of Gynecology with Breast Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Maria Margarete Karsten
- Department of Gynecology with Breast Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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7
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Biochemical mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and other diabetic complications in humans: the methanol-formaldehyde-formic acid hypothesis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:415-451. [PMID: 35607958 PMCID: PMC9828688 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia in diabetic patients is associated with abnormally-elevated cellular glucose levels. It is hypothesized that increased cellular glucose will lead to increased formation of endogenous methanol and/or formaldehyde, both of which are then metabolically converted to formic acid. These one-carbon metabolites are known to be present naturally in humans, and their levels are increased under diabetic conditions. Mechanistically, while formaldehyde is a cross-linking agent capable of causing extensive cytotoxicity, formic acid is an inhibitor of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase, capable of inducing histotoxic hypoxia, ATP deficiency and cytotoxicity. Chronic increase in the production and accumulation of these toxic one-carbon metabolites in diabetic patients can drive the pathogenesis of ocular as well as other diabetic complications. This hypothesis is supported by a large body of experimental and clinical observations scattered in the literature. For instance, methanol is known to have organ- and species-selective toxicities, including the characteristic ocular lesions commonly seen in humans and non-human primates, but not in rodents. Similarly, some of the diabetic complications (such as ocular lesions) also have a characteristic species-selective pattern, closely resembling methanol intoxication. Moreover, while alcohol consumption or combined use of folic acid plus vitamin B is beneficial for mitigating acute methanol toxicity in humans, their use also improves the outcomes of diabetic complications. In addition, there is also a large body of evidence from biochemical and cellular studies. Together, there is considerable experimental support for the proposed hypothesis that increased metabolic formation of toxic one-carbon metabolites in diabetic patients contributes importantly to the development of various clinical complications.
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8
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Carpi-Santos R, de Melo Reis RA, Gomes FCA, Calaza KC. Contribution of Müller Cells in the Diabetic Retinopathy Development: Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040617. [PMID: 35453302 PMCID: PMC9027671 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a neurovascular complication of diabetes and the main cause of vision loss in adults. Glial cells have a key role in maintenance of central nervous system homeostasis. In the retina, the predominant element is the Müller cell, a specialized cell with radial morphology that spans all retinal layers and influences the function of the entire retinal circuitry. Müller cells provide metabolic support, regulation of extracellular composition, synaptic activity control, structural organization of the blood–retina barrier, antioxidant activity, and trophic support, among other roles. Therefore, impairments of Müller actions lead to retinal malfunctions. Accordingly, increasing evidence indicates that Müller cells are affected in diabetic retinopathy and may contribute to the severity of the disease. Here, we will survey recently described alterations in Müller cell functions and cellular events that contribute to diabetic retinopathy, especially related to oxidative stress and inflammation. This review sheds light on Müller cells as potential therapeutic targets of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Carpi-Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (R.C.-S.); (F.C.A.G.)
| | - Ricardo A. de Melo Reis
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Flávia Carvalho Alcantara Gomes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (R.C.-S.); (F.C.A.G.)
| | - Karin C. Calaza
- Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi 24210-201, RJ, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Hanaguri J, Nagai N, Yokota H, Kushiyama A, Watanabe M, Yamagami S, Nagaoka T. Fenofibrate Nano-Eyedrops Ameliorate Retinal Blood Flow Dysregulation and Neurovascular Coupling in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020384. [PMID: 35214116 PMCID: PMC8876509 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of fenofibrate nano-eyedrops (FenoNano) on impaired retinal blood flow regulation in type 2 diabetic mice. Six-week-old db/db mice were randomly divided into an untreated group (n = 6) and treated group, which received FenoNano (n = 6). The longitudinal changes in retinal neuronal function and blood flow responses to systemic hyperoxia and flicker stimulation were evaluated every 2 weeks in diabetic db/db mice treated with FenoNano (n = 6) or the vehicle (n = 6) from ages 8–14 weeks. The retinal blood flow was assessed using laser speckle flowgraphy. We also evaluated the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and the phosphorylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) by immunofluorescence. In db/db mice treated with FenoNano, both responses were restored from 8 to 14 weeks of age compared with the diabetic mice treated with the vehicle. At 14 weeks of age, the impaired regulation of retinal blood flow during systemic hyperoxia and flicker stimulation improved to about half of that in the db/db mice treated with FenoNano compared with the db/m control group (n = 5). FenoNano prevented the activation of VEGF and GFAP expression and increased the AQP4 expression and the phosphorylation of PPAR-α detected by immunofluorescence compared with the diabetic mice treated with the vehicle eyedrop. Our results suggested that the fenofibrate nano-eyedrops prevent retinal glial dysfunction via the phosphorylation of PPAR-α and improves the retinal blood flow dysregulation in type 2 diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Hanaguri
- Department of Visual Science, Division of Ophthalmology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (J.H.); (H.Y.); (M.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Noriaki Nagai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Harumasa Yokota
- Department of Visual Science, Division of Ophthalmology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (J.H.); (H.Y.); (M.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Akifumi Kushiyama
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan;
| | - Masahisa Watanabe
- Department of Visual Science, Division of Ophthalmology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (J.H.); (H.Y.); (M.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Satoru Yamagami
- Department of Visual Science, Division of Ophthalmology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (J.H.); (H.Y.); (M.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Taiji Nagaoka
- Department of Visual Science, Division of Ophthalmology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (J.H.); (H.Y.); (M.W.); (S.Y.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +81-3-3972-8111
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10
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Li J, Du L, He JN, Chu KO, Guo CL, Wong MOM, Pang CP, Chu WK. Anti-inflammatory Effects of GTE in Eye Diseases. Front Nutr 2021; 8:753955. [PMID: 34966770 PMCID: PMC8711650 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.753955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular inflammation is a common complication of various eye diseases with wide consequences from irritations to potentially sight-threatening complications. Green tea is a popular beverage throughout the world. One of the proven health benefits of consuming green tea extract (GTE) is anti-inflammation. Catechins are the biologically active constituents of GTE. In in vitro and in vivo studies, GTE and catechins present inhibition of inflammatory responses in the development of ocular inflammation including infectious, non-infectious or autoimmune, and oxidative-induced complications. Research on the ocular inflammation in animal models has made significant progress in the past decades and several key disease mechanisms have been identified. Here we review the experimental investigations on the effects of GTE and catechins on various ocular inflammation related diseases including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, uveitis and ocular surface inflammation. We also review the pharmacokinetics of GTE constituents and safety of green tea consumption. We discuss the insights and perspectives of these experimental results, which would be useful for future development of novel therapeutics in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lin Du
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jing Na He
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai On Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cosmos Liutao Guo
- Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mandy Oi Man Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Kit Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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11
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Kern TS, Du Y, Tang J, Lee CA, Liu H, Dreffs A, Leinonen H, Antonetti DA, Palczewski K. Regulation of Adrenergic, Serotonin, and Dopamine Receptors to Inhibit Diabetic Retinopathy: Monotherapies versus Combination Therapies. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 100:470-479. [PMID: 34393108 PMCID: PMC9175131 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared monotherapies and combinations of therapies that regulate G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with respect to their abilities to inhibit early stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in streptozotocin-diabetic mice. Metoprolol (MTP; 0.04-1.0 mg/kg b.wt./day), bromocriptine (BRM; 0.01-0.1 mg/kg b.wt./day), doxazosin (DOX; 0.01-1.0 mg/kg b.wt./day), or tamsulosin (TAM; 0.05-0.25 mg/kg b.wt./day) were injected individually daily for 2 months in dose-response studies to assess their effects on the diabetes-induced increases in retinal superoxide and leukocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against vascular endothelial cells, both of which abnormalities have been implicated in the development of DR. Each of the individual drugs inhibited the diabetes-induced increase in retinal superoxide at the higher concentrations tested, but the inhibition was lost at lower doses. To determine whether combination therapies had superior effects over individual drugs, we intentionally selected for each drug a low dose that had little or no effect on the diabetes-induced retinal superoxide for use separately or in combinations in 8-month studies of retinal function, vascular permeability, and capillary degeneration in diabetes. At the low doses used, combinations of the drugs generally were more effective than individual drugs, but the low-dose MTP alone totally inhibited diabetes-induced reduction in a vision task, BRM or DOX alone totally inhibited the vascular permeability defect, and DOX alone totally inhibited diabetes-induced degeneration of retinal capillaries. Although low-dose MTP, BRM, DOX, or TAM individually had beneficial effects on some endpoints, combination of the therapies better inhibited the spectrum of DR lesions evaluated. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The pathogenesis of early stages of diabetic retinopathy remains incompletely understood, but multiple different cell types are believed to be involved in the pathogenic process. We have compared the effects of monotherapies to those of combinations of drugs that regulate GPCR signaling pathways with respect to their relative abilities to inhibit the development of early diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Kern
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute (T.S.K., Y.D., H.L., K.P.), Department of Physiology and Biophysics (K.P.), and Department of Chemistry (K.P.), University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Long Beach Healthcare System, Research Service, Long Beach, California (T.S.K.); Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (J.T., C.A.L.); and Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.D., D.A.A.)
| | - Yunpeng Du
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute (T.S.K., Y.D., H.L., K.P.), Department of Physiology and Biophysics (K.P.), and Department of Chemistry (K.P.), University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Long Beach Healthcare System, Research Service, Long Beach, California (T.S.K.); Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (J.T., C.A.L.); and Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.D., D.A.A.)
| | - Jie Tang
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute (T.S.K., Y.D., H.L., K.P.), Department of Physiology and Biophysics (K.P.), and Department of Chemistry (K.P.), University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Long Beach Healthcare System, Research Service, Long Beach, California (T.S.K.); Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (J.T., C.A.L.); and Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.D., D.A.A.)
| | - Chieh Allen Lee
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute (T.S.K., Y.D., H.L., K.P.), Department of Physiology and Biophysics (K.P.), and Department of Chemistry (K.P.), University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Long Beach Healthcare System, Research Service, Long Beach, California (T.S.K.); Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (J.T., C.A.L.); and Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.D., D.A.A.)
| | - Haitao Liu
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute (T.S.K., Y.D., H.L., K.P.), Department of Physiology and Biophysics (K.P.), and Department of Chemistry (K.P.), University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Long Beach Healthcare System, Research Service, Long Beach, California (T.S.K.); Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (J.T., C.A.L.); and Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.D., D.A.A.)
| | - Alyssa Dreffs
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute (T.S.K., Y.D., H.L., K.P.), Department of Physiology and Biophysics (K.P.), and Department of Chemistry (K.P.), University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Long Beach Healthcare System, Research Service, Long Beach, California (T.S.K.); Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (J.T., C.A.L.); and Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.D., D.A.A.)
| | - Henri Leinonen
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute (T.S.K., Y.D., H.L., K.P.), Department of Physiology and Biophysics (K.P.), and Department of Chemistry (K.P.), University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Long Beach Healthcare System, Research Service, Long Beach, California (T.S.K.); Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (J.T., C.A.L.); and Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.D., D.A.A.)
| | - David A Antonetti
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute (T.S.K., Y.D., H.L., K.P.), Department of Physiology and Biophysics (K.P.), and Department of Chemistry (K.P.), University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Long Beach Healthcare System, Research Service, Long Beach, California (T.S.K.); Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (J.T., C.A.L.); and Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.D., D.A.A.)
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute (T.S.K., Y.D., H.L., K.P.), Department of Physiology and Biophysics (K.P.), and Department of Chemistry (K.P.), University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Long Beach Healthcare System, Research Service, Long Beach, California (T.S.K.); Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (J.T., C.A.L.); and Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (A.D., D.A.A.)
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12
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Hu J, Zhu M, Li D, Wu Q, Le YZ. VEGF as a Direct Functional Regulator of Photoreceptors and Contributing Factor to Diabetes-Induced Alteration of Photoreceptor Function. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070988. [PMID: 34356612 PMCID: PMC8301820 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major therapeutic target for blood-retina barrier (BRB) breakdown in diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and other hypoxic retinal vascular disorders. To determine whether VEGF is a direct regulator of retinal neuronal function and its potential role in altering vision during the progression of DR, we examined the immediate impact of recombinant VEGF (rVEGF) on photoreceptor function with electroretinography in C57BL6 background wild-type (WT) and Akita spontaneous diabetic mice. Shortly after intravitreal injections, rVEGF caused a significant reduction of scotopic ERG a-wave and b-wave amplitudes and photopic ERG b-wave amplitudes in a dose-dependent manner in dark-adapted 1.5-mo-old WT mice. Compared with WT controls, 5-mo-old Akita spontaneous diabetic mice demonstrated a significant reduction in scotopic ERG a-wave and b-wave amplitudes and photopic ERG b-wave amplitudes. However, the effect of rVEGF altered photoreceptor function in WT controls was diminished in 5-mo-old Akita spontaneous diabetic mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that VEGF is a direct functional regulator of photoreceptors and VEGF up-regulation in DR is a contributing factor to diabetes-induced alteration of photoreceptor function. This information is critical to the understanding of the therapeutic effect and to the care of anti-VEGF drug-treated patients for BRB breakdown in DR, AMD, and other hypoxic retinal vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyan Hu
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.); (M.Z.); (D.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Meili Zhu
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.); (M.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Dai Li
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.); (M.Z.); (D.L.)
- School of Optometry, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (Y.-Z.L.)
| | - Yun-Zheng Le
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.); (M.Z.); (D.L.)
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (Y.-Z.L.)
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13
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VEGF Mediates Retinal Müller Cell Viability and Neuroprotection through BDNF in Diabetes. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050712. [PMID: 34068807 PMCID: PMC8150851 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the mechanism of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in Müller cell (MC) viability and neuroprotection in diabetic retinopathy (DR), we examined the role of VEGF in MC viability and BDNF production, and the effect of BDNF on MC viability under diabetic conditions. Mouse primary MCs and cells of a rat MC line, rMC1, were used in investigating MC viability and BDNF production under diabetic conditions. VEGF-stimulated BDNF production was confirmed in mice. The mechanism of BDNF-mediated MC viability was examined using siRNA knockdown. Under diabetic conditions, recombinant VEGF (rVEGF) stimulated MC viability and BDNF production in a dose-dependent manner. rBDNF also supported MC viability in a dose-dependent manner. Targeting BDNF receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TRK-B) with siRNA knockdown substantially downregulated the activated (phosphorylated) form of serine/threonine-specific protein kinase (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), classical survival and proliferation mediators. Finally, the loss of MC viability in TrkB siRNA transfected cells under diabetic conditions was rescued by rBDNF. Our results provide direct evidence that VEGF is a positive regulator for BDNF production in diabetes for the first time. This information is essential for developing BDNF-mediated neuroprotection in DR and hypoxic retinal diseases, and for improving anti-VEGF treatment for these blood-retina barrier disorders, in which VEGF is a major therapeutic target for vascular abnormalities.
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14
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Chen K, Xu W, Zheng J, Shen Y, Ma J, Chen Z. Angiogenin, FGF-α, and IL-36β have higher expression levels in aqueous humor of nAMD patients in comparison to cataract patients. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:431. [PMID: 33115414 PMCID: PMC7592502 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01684-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous cytokines have been proven to participate in the pathogenesis of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). The present study aimed to investigate the aqueous humor cytokine expression profile in nAMD patients before and after ranibizumab treatments in comparison to cataract patients. Methods This prospective study included 20 treatment-naïve nAMD eyes of 20 patients who received three consecutive monthly injections of ranibizumab. Aqueous humor samples were collected before the first (baseline), second (1 month later), and third (2 months later) injections. Controls were 20 age- and gender-matched cataract patients without any other ocular disease. The aqueous concentrations of 28 cytokines were measured using a multiplex bead assay. Central macular thickness (CMT) and maximum retinal thickness (MRT)-3 mm were measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The greatest linear diameter (GLD) was measured by fundus fluorescein angiography (FA). Results Three cytokines in aqueous humor, including angiogenin, interleukin-36β (IL-36β), and fibroblast growth factor-acidic (FGF-α) were significantly higher in nAMD patients in comparison to cataract patients, both before and after two consecutive monthly ranibizumab injections. Compared with the nAMD patients’ basal levels, two consecutive monthly ranibizumab injections effectively reduced the aqueous concentrations of VEGF-A and placental growth factor (PlGF), as well as the values of CMT, MRT-3 mm, and GLD. Conclusions Angiogenin, IL-36β, and FGF-α have higher expression levels in nAMD patients in comparison to cataract patients, both before and after 2 months of ranibizumab therapy. These cytokines may have correlations with the pathogenesis of nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Chen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Wen Xu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Zheng
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yupeng Shen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ma
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqing Chen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China.
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15
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Shivshankar P, Li YD, Mueller-Ortiz SL, Wetsel RA. In response to complement anaphylatoxin peptides C3a and C5a, human vascular endothelial cells migrate and mediate the activation of B-cells and polarization of T-cells. FASEB J 2020; 34:7540-7560. [PMID: 32301538 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902397r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium has been discovered in the past several years to be important in shaping the cellular immune response. During the immune response the vascular endothelium is constantly perturbed by biologically potent molecules, including the complement activation peptides, C3a and C5a. Despite the importance of C3a and C5a in inflammation and immunity, their role in modulating lymphocyte function via activation of vascular endothelial cells is unknown. Accordingly, we investigated the regulated expression of the C3a and C5a receptors (complement anaphylatoxin C3a receptor [C3aR] and complement anaphylatoxin C5a receptor 1 [C5aR1]) on human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and examined how C3a or C5a activation of HUVECs affects the activation and polarization of lymphatic cells. Our findings demonstrated that C3a and C5a increase C3aR and C5aR1 expression by HUVECs as well as directing their cellular transmigration and spreading through transwell filters. Moreover, C3a- or C5a-stimulated endothelial cells: (1) caused activation of B-lymphoblasts with significant increase in Fas Ligand (CD95L) (FasL), CD69, and IL-R1 expression, and (2) skewed T-lymphoblast cells toward a Th1 subtype, (CD4+ /CCR5+ ) that correlated with significant increase of IFN-γ. Collectively, these data indicate that C3a and C5a signaling is important in the activation and polarization of lymphocytes as they traffic through the vascular endothelium during the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Shivshankar
- Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yi-Dong Li
- Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stacey L Mueller-Ortiz
- Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rick A Wetsel
- Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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16
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Yang H, Gan S, Jiang Z, Song X, Chen T, Xu Y, Fu L, Zhang Y, Tao L, Shen X. Protective effects of essential oil from Fructus Alpiniae zerumbet on retinal Müller gliosis via the PPAR-γ-p-CREB signaling pathway. Chin Med 2020; 15:4. [PMID: 31938037 PMCID: PMC6954544 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) involves extensive retinal damage and is one of the most common and serious complications of diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia is the major pathological trigger for diabetic complications. Müller cell gliosis, a key pathophysiological process in DR, could finally lead to vision loss. Our previous finding revealed that the essential oil of Fructus Alpiniae zerumbet (EOFAZ) protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) against high glucose (HG)-induced injury via the PPAR-γ signal. However, Whether EOFAZ could prevent HG-induced Müller cell gliosis through the PPAR signaling remains unclear. Methods The neuroprotective effects of EOFAZ were evaluated in HG-treated rat retinal Müller cells (RMCs) and DR rat model. Result GFAP and VEGF upregulation is the biomarker of Müller glial reactivity gliosis. Results suggested that EOFAZ could remarkably ameliorate retinal reactive gliosis by suppressing p-CREB and GFAP and VEGF downstream effectors. Its effects on PPAR-γ, a major target for currently available anti-diabetes drugs, were also investigated. EOFAZ treatment remarkably attenuated the reduction of PPAR-γ and high level of p-CaMK II and p-CREB in HG-treated RMCs and diabetic rats. Furthermore, the activation and ectopic expression of PPAR-γ downregulated p-CREB and p-CaMK II in HG-treated RMCs. By contrast, CaMK II inhibitor KN93 and CREB gene silencing did not significantly affect the PPAR-γ expression. Conclusions A novel PPAR-γ-p-CREB signaling pathway accounts for the inhibitory effect of EOFAZ on RMCs gliosis. These findings provide scientific evidence for the potential use of EOFAZ as a complementary and alternative medicine for DR prevention and treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- 1The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, the High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025 China.,2The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province (the Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, China
| | - Shiquan Gan
- 1The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, the High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025 China.,2The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province (the Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhaohui Jiang
- 1The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, the High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025 China.,2The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province (the Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Song
- 1The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, the High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025 China.,2The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province (the Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- 1The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, the High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025 China.,2The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province (the Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, China.,3The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, China
| | - Yini Xu
- 1The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, the High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025 China.,2The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province (the Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, China
| | - Lingyun Fu
- 2The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province (the Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, China.,3The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- 1The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, the High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025 China.,2The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province (the Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, China
| | - Ling Tao
- 3The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- 1The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, the High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025 China.,2The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province (the Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, China.,3The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, China
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17
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Ma Q, Reiter RJ, Chen Y. Role of melatonin in controlling angiogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions. Angiogenesis 2019; 23:91-104. [PMID: 31650428 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-019-09689-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis depends on proangiogenic and anti-angiogenic molecules that regulate endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Well-regulated angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in many physiological conditions such as reproduction and embryonic development, while abnormal angiogenesis is also the basis of a variety of pathological processes including tumor metastasis and atherosclerotic plaque formation. Melatonin has a variety of biological effects, including inhibition of tumor metastasis, stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques, and the regulation of seasonal reproductive rhythms, etc. During certain pathophysiological processes, melatonin exerts different functions depending on its ability to regulate angiogenesis. This review reveals that melatonin has different effects on neovascularization under different physiological and pathological conditions. In tumors, in age-related ocular diseases, and in a hypoxic environment, melatonin inhibits neovascularization in tissues, while in gastric ulcers, skin lesions, and some physiologic processes, it promotes angiogenesis. We also speculate that melatonin may inhibit the neovascularization in atherosclerotic plaques, thus preventing the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. Most studies suggest that these effects are related to the role of melatonin in regulating of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors, but the specific regulatory mechanisms remain disparate, which may lead to the differential effects of melatonin on angiogenesis under different conditions. In this review, we thus summarize some seemingly contradictory mechanisms by which melatonin controls angiogenesis under different pathological and physiological conditions, and urge that the regulatory mechanisms be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA.
| | - Yundai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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18
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Fernández-Albarral JA, Salobrar-García E, Martínez-Páramo R, Ramírez AI, de Hoz R, Ramírez JM, Salazar JJ. Retinal glial changes in Alzheimer's disease - A review. JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY 2019; 12:198-207. [PMID: 30377086 PMCID: PMC6612028 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative dementia characterized by the deposition of extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and the presence of neurofibrillary tangles. Until now, the techniques used to analyze these deposits have been difficult to access, invasive, and expensive. This leads us to consider new access routes to the central nervous system (CNS), allowing us to diagnose the disease before the first symptoms appear. Recent studies have shown that microglial and macroglial cell activation could play a role in the development of this disease. Glial cells in the CNS can respond to various damages, such as neurodegenerative pathologies, with morphological and functional changes. These changes are a common feature in neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. The retina is considered an extension of the CNS and has a population of glial cells similar to that of the CNS. When glial cells are activated, various molecules are released and changes in glial cell expression occur, which can be indicators of neuronal damage. The objective of this review is to compile the most relevant findings in the last 10 years relating to alterations in the eye in AD, and the role that glial cells play in the degenerative process in the retina in the context of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Fernández-Albarral
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Salobrar-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Martínez-Páramo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa de Hoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan J Salazar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Wang L, Sun X, Zhu M, Du J, Xu J, Qin X, Xu X, Song E. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate stimulates autophagy and reduces apoptosis levels in retinal Müller cells under high-glucose conditions. Exp Cell Res 2019; 380:149-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Zhou X, Ai S, Chen Z, Li C. Probucol promotes high glucose-induced proliferation and inhibits apoptosis by reducing reactive oxygen species generation in Müller cells. Int Ophthalmol 2019; 39:2833-2842. [PMID: 31144240 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-019-01130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the protective effect of probucol on human retinal Müller cells cultured in high glucose. METHODS Primary Müller cells from human retinas were cultured in complete DMEM. Third-generation Müller cells were identified using glutamine synthetase (GS) antibody and randomly divided into three groups: normoglycemia (NG, 5.5 mmol/L); hyperglycemia (HG, 30 mmol/L); and hyperglycemia (30 mmol/L) with probucol (10 μmol/L; HGPB). After a 24-h intervention, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured with a CCK-8 kit, flow cytometry, and DCFH-DA probe, respectively. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) protein expression were detected by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS For NG, HG, and HGPB, optical density (OD) values for cell proliferation were 0.98 ± 0.23, 0.58 ± 0.11, and 0.73 ± 0.11; apoptotic rates were 2.79 ± 0.52%, 7.70 ± 0.44%, and 4.00 ± 0.95%; and intracellular ROS were 20.89 ± 5.14, 55.17 ± 14.07, and 26.28 ± 4.73, respectively. Compared to NG, OD was markedly decreased (P < 0.01), apoptosis was increased (P < 0.001), and intracellular ROS level was significantly higher than in HG (P < 0.01). Compared to HG, OD was markedly increased (P < 0.01), apoptosis was meaningfully decreased (P < 0.01), and intracellular ROS level was significantly lower than in HGPB (P < 0.01). GS, Keap1, Nrf2, and GCLC had positive expression. CONCLUSIONS Probucol could inhibit intracellular ROS generation, promote proliferation, and decrease apoptosis of human retinal Müller cells cultured in high glucose. This might also be associated with Keap1/Nrf2/ARE oxidative stress signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxia Zhou
- AIER School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, 410015, Hunan Province, China
| | - ShiBei Ai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - ZhongPing Chen
- AIER School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, 410015, Hunan Province, China. .,Department of Fundus Oculi, AIER Eye Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, 410015, Hunan Province, China.
| | - ChenXiang Li
- AIER School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, 410015, Hunan Province, China
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21
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Xu B, Zhang H, Zhu M, Le YZ. Critical Role of Trophic Factors in Protecting Müller Glia: Implications to Neuroprotection in Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Diabetic Retinopathy, and Anti-VEGF Therapies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1185:469-473. [PMID: 31884656 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-27378-1_77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The concept that Müller glia (MG) are major retinal supporting cells for neuroprotection under various stresses is well established. However, the detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms of MG-mediated neuroprotection remain elusive. Particularly, the role and mechanism of MG in neuroprotection under diabetic and hypoxic stresses are largely unknown. In this article, we will discuss the role and mechanisms of a major growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in mediating MG viability and its potential impact on neuronal integrity in diabetes and hypoxia, demonstrate results on alternative mechanisms to VEGF signaling for MG and neural protection, and highlight the relevance of our work to the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, wet age-related macular degeneration, and other hypoxic retinal vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Xu
- Department of Medicine Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huiru Zhang
- Department of Medicine Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meili Zhu
- Department of Medicine Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Yun-Zheng Le
- Departments of Medicine Endocrinology, Cell Biology, and Ophthalmology, and Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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22
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Xu Z, Chu Z, Li W, Sun T, Sun X. Grape seed extracts attenuate retinal Müller cell gliosis in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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23
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Chen H, Ji Y, Yan X, Su G, Chen L, Xiao J. Berberine attenuates apoptosis in rat retinal Müller cells stimulated with high glucose via enhancing autophagy and the AMPK/mTOR signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1201-1207. [PMID: 30372821 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) has beneficial effects on diabetes and the multiple complications of diabetes due to its anti-apoptotic activity; however, the effect of BBR on diabetic retinopathy and its mechanism of action have not been clarified. The present study investigated the effect of BBR on Müller cells stimulated with high glucose (HG). Primary retinal Müller cells were incubated with high glucose to induce cell apoptosis; cells were pretreated with the AMPK inhibitor compound C and the AMPK activator AICAR to further explore the role of the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in the anti-apoptotic action of BBR. Immunofluorescence was used to measure apoptosis and autophagy. Western blot analysis was employed to determine the levels of p-AMPK and p-mTOR, as well as apoptosis-related proteins and autophagy-related proteins in Müller cells. Our results showed that BBR attenuated apoptosis, up regulated Bcl-2 and down regulated Bax and caspase-3 expression; enhanced the formation of autophagy, elevated the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3II and activated the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in Müller cells under high glucose conditions compared with the control group. The effect of BBR was partly blocked by compound C and strengthened by AICAR. BBR may have therapeutic potential to protect Müller cells from high-glucose-inducing apoptosis through enhancing autophagy and activating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Yingshi Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; General Hospital of Fushun Mining Bureau, Fushun, 113008, China
| | - Guanfang Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China.
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24
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Araújo RS, Santos DF, Silva GA. The role of the retinal pigment epithelium and Müller cells secretome in neovascular retinal pathologies. Biochimie 2018; 155:104-108. [PMID: 29960032 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Secreted trophic factors are key to maintain the structural and functional integrity of the retina, as they regulate cellular pathways responsible for survival, function, and response to injury. Nevertheless, these same factors can also be involved in retinal pathologies, as a consequence of the impairment of the secretory function of cells. The cells considered as major contributors to the retinal secretome are the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) and Müller cells. Their role in the pathophysiology of the most common neovascular pathologies in the retina - Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), and Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) - is highlighted in this short review, together with current trophic factor-based therapies, which are mainly focused on controlling inflammation, cell survival, and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute S Araújo
- CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Center, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; Bioengineering-Cell Therapies and Regenerative Medicine PhD Program, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Daniela F Santos
- CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Center, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; ProRegeM - PhD Programme Mechanisms of Disease and Regenerative Medicine, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gabriela A Silva
- CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Center, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
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25
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Subirada PV, Paz MC, Ridano ME, Lorenc VE, Vaglienti MV, Barcelona PF, Luna JD, Sánchez MC. A journey into the retina: Müller glia commanding survival and death. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 47:1429-1443. [PMID: 29790615 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Müller glial cells (MGCs) are known to participate actively in retinal development and to contribute to homoeostasis through many intracellular mechanisms. As there are no homologous cells in other neuronal tissues, it is certain that retinal health depends on MGCs. These macroglial cells are located at the centre of the columnar subunit and have a great ability to interact with neurons, astrocytes, microglia and endothelial cells in order to modulate different events. Several investigations have focused their attention on the role of MGCs in diabetic retinopathy, a progressive pathology where several insults coexist. As expected, data suggest that MGCs display different responses according to the severity of the stimulus, and therefore trigger distinct events throughout the course of the disease. Here, we describe physiological functions of MGCs and their participation in inflammation, gliosis, synthesis and secretion of trophic and antioxidant factors in the diabetic retina. We invite the reader to consider the protective/deleterious role of MGCs in the early and late stages of the disease. In the light of the results, we open up the discussion around and ask the question: Is it possible that the modulation of a single cell type could improve or even re-establish retinal function after an injury?
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula V Subirada
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María C Paz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Magali E Ridano
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Valeria E Lorenc
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - María V Vaglienti
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo F Barcelona
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - José D Luna
- Centro Privado de Ojos Romagosa-Fundación VER, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María C Sánchez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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26
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Hachana S, Bhat M, Sénécal J, Huppé-Gourgues F, Couture R, Vaucher E. Expression, distribution and function of kinin B 1 receptor in the rat diabetic retina. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:968-983. [PMID: 29285756 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The kinin B1 receptor contributes to vascular inflammation and blood-retinal barrier breakdown in diabetic retinopathy (DR). We investigated the changes in expression, cellular localization and vascular inflammatory effect of B1 receptors in retina of streptozotocin diabetic rats. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The distribution of B1 receptors on retinal cell types was investigated by immunocytochemistry. Effects of B1 receptor agonist, R-838, and antagonist, R-954, on retinal leukocyte adhesion, gene expression of kinin and VEGF systems, B1 receptor immunoreactivity, microgliosis and capillary leakage were measured. Effect of B1 receptor siRNA on gene expression was also assessed. KEY RESULTS mRNA levels of the kinin and VEGF systems were significantly enhanced at 2 weeks in streptozotocin (STZ)-retina compared to control-retina and were further increased at 6 weeks. B1 receptor mRNA levels remained increased at 6 months. B1 receptor immunolabelling was detected in vascular layers of the retina, on glial and ganglion cells. Intravitreal R-838 amplified B1 and B2 receptor gene expression, B1 receptor levels (immunodetection), leukostasis and vascular permeability at 2 weeks in STZ-retina. Topical application (eye drops) of R-954 reversed these increases in B1 receptors, leukostasis and vascular permeability. Intravitreal B1 receptor siRNA inhibited gene expression of kinin and VEGF systems in STZ-retina. Microgliosis was unaffected by R-838 or R-954 in STZ-retina. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our results support the detrimental role of B1 receptors on endothelial and glial cells in acute and advanced phases of DR. Topical application of the B1 receptor antagonist R-954 seems a feasible therapeutic approach for the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Hachana
- École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Menakshi Bhat
- École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Sénécal
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Réjean Couture
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Elvire Vaucher
- École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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27
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Chang KC, Petrash JM. Aldo-Keto Reductases: Multifunctional Proteins as Therapeutic Targets in Diabetes and Inflammatory Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1032:173-202. [PMID: 30362099 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-98788-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) is an NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductase that has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of several blinding diseases such as uveitis, diabetic retinopathy (DR) and cataract. However, possible mechanisms linking the action of AR to these diseases are not well understood. As DR and cataract are among the leading causes of blindness in the world, there is an urgent need to explore therapeutic strategies to prevent or delay their onset. Studies with AR inhibitors and gene-targeted mice have demonstrated that the action of AR is also linked to cancer onset and progression. In this review we examine possible mechanisms that relate AR to molecular signaling cascades and thus explain why AR inhibition is an effective strategy against colon cancer as well as diseases of the eye such as uveitis, cataract, and retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Che Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J Mark Petrash
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
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28
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Coughlin BA, Feenstra DJ, Mohr S. Müller cells and diabetic retinopathy. Vision Res 2017; 139:93-100. [PMID: 28866025 PMCID: PMC5794018 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Müller cells are one of the primary glial cell types found in the retina and play a significant role in maintaining retinal function and health. Since Müller cells are the only cell type to span the entire width of the retina and have contact to almost every cell type in the retina they are uniquely positioned to perform a wide variety of functions necessary to maintaining retinal homeostasis. In the healthy retina, Müller cells recycle neurotransmitters, prevent glutamate toxicity, redistribute ions by spatial buffering, participate in the retinoid cycle, and regulate nutrient supplies by multiple mechanisms. Any disturbance to the retinal environment is going to influence proper Müller cell function and well being which in turn will affect the entire retina. This is evident in a disease like diabetic retinopathy where Müller cells contribute to neuronal dysfunction, the production of pro-angiogenic factors leading to neovascularization, the set up of a chronic inflammatory retinal environment, and eventual cell death. In this review, we highlight the importance of Müller cells in maintaining a healthy and functioning retina and discuss various pathological events of diabetic retinopathy in which Müller cells seem to play a crucial role. The beneficial and detrimental effects of cytokine and growth factor production by Müller cells on the microvasculature and retinal neuronal tissue will be outlined. Understanding Müller cell functions within the retina and restoring such function in diabetic retinopathy should become a cornerstone for developing effective therapies to treat diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A Coughlin
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Derrick J Feenstra
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Susanne Mohr
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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29
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Zhu S, Luo H, Liu H, Ha Y, Mays ER, Lawrence RE, Winkelmann E, Barrett AD, Smith SB, Wang M, Wang T, Zhang W. p38MAPK plays a critical role in induction of a pro-inflammatory phenotype of retinal Müller cells following Zika virus infection. Antiviral Res 2017; 145:70-81. [PMID: 28739278 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has been associated with ocular abnormalities such as chorioretinal atrophy, optic nerve abnormalities, posterior uveitis and idiopathic maculopathy. Yet our knowledge about ZIKV infection in retinal cells and its potential contribution to retinal pathology is still very limited. Here we found that primary Müller cells, the principal glial cells in the retina, expressed a high level of ZIKV entry cofactor AXL gene and were highly permissive to ZIKV infection. In addition, ZIKV-infected Müller cells exhibited a pro-inflammatory phenotype and produced many inflammatory and growth factors. While a number of inflammatory signaling pathways such as ERK, p38MAPK, NF-κB, JAK/STAT3 and endoplasmic reticulum stress were activated after ZIKV infection, inhibition of p38MAPK after ZIKV infection most effectively blocked ZIKV-induced inflammatory and growth molecules. In comparison to ZIKV, Dengue virus (DENV), another Flavivirus infected Müller cells more efficiently but induced much lower pro-inflammatory responses. These data suggest that Müller cells play an important role in ZIKV-induced ocular pathology by induction of inflammatory and growth factors in which the p38MAPK pathway has a central role. Blocking p38MAPK may provide a novel approach to control ZIKV-induced ocular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Huanle Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA; Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Yonju Ha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Mays
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Ryan E Lawrence
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Evandro Winkelmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Alan D Barrett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Sylvia B Smith
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Min Wang
- FutraTech Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA; Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
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30
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Tien T, Zhang J, Muto T, Kim D, Sarthy VP, Roy S. High Glucose Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Retinal Müller Cells: Implications for Diabetic Retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:2915-2921. [PMID: 28586916 PMCID: PMC5460955 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-21355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate whether high glucose (HG) induces mitochondrial dysfunction and promotes apoptosis in retinal Müller cells. Methods Rat retinal Müller cells (rMC-1) grown in normal (N) or HG (30 mM glucose) medium for 7 days were subjected to MitoTracker Red staining to identify the mitochondrial network. Digital images of mitochondria were captured in live cells under confocal microscopy and analyzed for mitochondrial morphology changes based on form factor (FF) and aspect ratio (AR) values. Mitochondrial metabolic function was assessed by measuring oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) using a bioenergetic analyzer. Cells undergoing apoptosis were identified by differential dye staining and TUNEL assay, and cytochrome c levels were assessed by Western blot analysis. Results Cells grown in HG exhibited significantly increased mitochondrial fragmentation compared to those grown in N medium (FF = 1.7 ± 0.1 vs. 2.3 ± 0.1; AR = 2.1 ± 0.1 vs. 2.5 ± 0.2; P < 0.01). OCR and ECAR were significantly reduced in cells grown in HG medium compared to those grown in N medium (steady state: 75% ± 20% of control, P < 0.02; 64% ± 22% of control, P < 0.02, respectively). These cells also exhibited a significant increase (∼2-fold) in the number of apoptotic cells compared to those grown in N medium (P < 0.01), with a concomitant increase in cytochrome c levels (247% ± 94% of control, P < 0.05). Conclusions Findings indicate that HG-induced mitochondrial morphology changes and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to retinal Müller cell loss associated with diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tien
- Departments of Medicine and Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Joyce Zhang
- Departments of Medicine and Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Tetsuya Muto
- Departments of Medicine and Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Dongjoon Kim
- Departments of Medicine and Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Vijay P Sarthy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Sayon Roy
- Departments of Medicine and Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Angiopoietin-Tie signalling in the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:87-103. [PMID: 27941161 PMCID: PMC5146956 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells that form the inner layer of blood and lymphatic vessels are important regulators of vascular functions and centrally involved in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. In addition to the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor pathway, the angiopoietin (Ang)-Tie system is a second endothelial cell specific ligand-receptor signalling system necessary for embryonic cardiovascular and lymphatic development. The Ang-Tie system also regulates postnatal angiogenesis, vessel remodelling, vascular permeability and inflammation to maintain vascular homoeostasis in adult physiology. This system is implicated in numerous diseases where the vasculature has an important contribution, such as cancer, sepsis, diabetes, atherosclerosis and ocular diseases. Furthermore, mutations in the TIE2 signalling pathway cause defects in vascular morphogenesis, resulting in venous malformations and primary congenital glaucoma. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of the Ang-Tie signalling system, including cross-talk with the vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP) and the integrin cell adhesion receptors, focusing on the Ang-Tie system in vascular development and pathogenesis of vascular diseases.
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VEGF production and signaling in Müller glia are critical to modulating vascular function and neuronal integrity in diabetic retinopathy and hypoxic retinal vascular diseases. Vision Res 2017; 139:108-114. [PMID: 28601428 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Müller glia (MG) are major retinal supporting cells that participate in retinal metabolism, function, maintenance, and protection. During the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a neurovascular disease and a leading cause of blindness, MG modulate vascular function and neuronal integrity by regulating the production of angiogenic and trophic factors. In this article, I will (1) briefly summarize our work on delineating the role and mechanism of MG-modulated vascular function through the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and on investigating VEGF signaling-mediated MG viability and neural protection in diabetic animal models, (2) explore the relationship among VEGF and neurotrophins in protecting Müller cells in in vitro models of diabetes and hypoxia and its potential implication to neuroprotection in DR and hypoxic retinal diseases, and (3) discuss the relevance of our work to the effectiveness and safety of long-term anti-VEGF therapies, a widely used strategy to combat DR, diabetic macular edema, neovascular age-related macular degeneration, retinopathy of prematurity, and other hypoxic retinal vascular disorders.
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Matsuda M, Krempel PG, Marquezini MV, Sholl-Franco A, Lameu A, Monteiro MLR, Miguel NCDO. Cellular stress response in human Müller cells (MIO-M1) after bevacizumab treatment. Exp Eye Res 2017; 160:1-10. [PMID: 28419863 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agent, is widely used in the treatment of retinal vascular diseases. However, due to the essential role Müller cell derived-VEGF plays in the maintenance of retinal neurons and glial cells, cell viability is likely to be affected by VEGF inhibition. We therefore evaluated the effect of bevacizumab-induced VEGF inhibition on Müller cells (MIO-M1) in vitro. MIO-M1 cells were cultured for 12 or 24 h in media containing bevacizumab at 0.25 or 0.5 mg/mL. Controls were cultured in medium only. Cell viability was determined with the trypan blue exclusion test and MTT assay. Caspase-3, beclin-1, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin content were quantified by immunohistochemistry. Gene expression was evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR. Treatment with bevacizumab did not reduce MIO-M1 cell viability, but increased metabolic activity at 24 h (0.5 mg/mL) and induced apoptosis and autophagy, as shown by the increased caspase-3 levels at 12 h (0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL) and the increased beclin levels at 24 h (0.5 mg/mL). Caspase-3 mRNA was upregulated at 12 h and downregulated at 24 h in cells treated with bevacizumab at 0.25 mg/mL. Bevacizumab treatment was also associated with structural protein abnormalities, with decreased GFAP and vimentin content and upregulated GFAP and vimentin mRNA expression. Although bevacizumab did not significantly affect MIO-M1 cell viability, it led to metabolic and molecular changes (apoptosis, autophagy and structural abnormalities) suggestive of significant cellular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Matsuda
- Laboratory of Investigation in Ophthalmology (LIM-33), Division of Ophthalmology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil
| | - Paloma Gava Krempel
- Laboratory of Investigation in Ophthalmology (LIM-33), Division of Ophthalmology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil
| | - Mônica Valeria Marquezini
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, University of São Paulo Medical School & Pro-Sangue Foundation, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alfred Sholl-Franco
- Laboratório de Neurogênese, Programa de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amanda Lameu
- Pharmacy College, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mário Luiz R Monteiro
- Laboratory of Investigation in Ophthalmology (LIM-33), Division of Ophthalmology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil.
| | - Nádia Campos de Oliveira Miguel
- Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
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Mrugacz M, Bryl A, Bossowski A. Neuroretinal Apoptosis as a Vascular Dysfunction in Diabetic Patients. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 14:826-830. [PMID: 27212050 PMCID: PMC5333582 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160523144245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an important complication of diabetes and is considered one of the main causes of blindness in moderate-income and highly-developed countries. As it is a major socioeconomic problem, defining all mechanisms that may lead to DR development is of great importance. In the 21st century diabetic lesions occurring in the retina are well known. However what kind of retinal neuronal damage occurs in the course of diabetes remains unclear. Results In this manuscript we present the most recent knowledge about suggested mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy, including neuroretinal apoptosis. Getting a deep insight into the role of apoptosis and degeneration of retinal neurons leading to DR will have vital consequences. Conclusion The findings of this review confirm that it is very likely that in the nearest future diabetic retinopathy treatment will be based on administration of neuroprotective agents. The implementation of neuroprotective drugs may slow down retinopathy progression, making it possible to avoid the currently used therapeutic procedures, such as laser photocoagulation, intravitreous injections or posterior vitrectomy, which are not only risky for the healthy part of the retina but also relatively expensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Mrugacz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
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Erianin inhibits high glucose-induced retinal angiogenesis via blocking ERK1/2-regulated HIF-1α-VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34306. [PMID: 27678303 PMCID: PMC5039671 DOI: 10.1038/srep34306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Erianin is a natural compound found in Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious and common microvascular complication of diabetes. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory mechanism of erianin on retinal neoangiogenesis and its contribution to the amelioration of DR. Erianin blocked high glucose (HG)-induced tube formation and migration in choroid-retinal endothelial RF/6A cells. Erianin inhibited HG-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) translocation into nucleus and ERK1/2 activation in RF/6A and microglia BV-2 cells. MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 blocked HG-induced HIF-1α and ERK1/2 activation in both above two cells. In addition, erianin abrogated VEGF-induced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, and also inhibited VEGF-induced activation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and its downstream cRaf-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways in RF/6A cells. Furthermore, erianin reduced the increased retinal vessels, VEGF expression and microglia activation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemic and oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mice. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that erianin inhibits retinal neoangiogenesis by abrogating HG-induced VEGF expression by blocking ERK1/2-mediated HIF-1α activation in retinal endothelial and microglial cells, and further suppressing VEGF-induced activation of VEGFR2 and its downstream signals in retinal endothelial cells.
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Wheeler SE, Lee NY. Emerging Roles of Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling in Diabetic Retinopathy. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:486-489. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Wheeler
- Division of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
| | - Nam Y. Lee
- Division of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
- Davis Heart Lung Research Institute; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
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Fu X, Gens JS, Glazier JA, Burns SA, Gast TJ. Progression of Diabetic Capillary Occlusion: A Model. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1004932. [PMID: 27300722 PMCID: PMC4907516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An explanatory computational model is developed of the contiguous areas of retinal capillary loss which play a large role in diabetic maculapathy and diabetic retinal neovascularization. Strictly random leukocyte mediated capillary occlusion cannot explain the occurrence of large contiguous areas of retinal ischemia. Therefore occlusion of an individual capillary must increase the probability of occlusion of surrounding capillaries. A retinal perifoveal vascular sector as well as a peripheral retinal capillary network and a deleted hexagonal capillary network are modelled using Compucell3D. The perifoveal modelling produces a pattern of spreading capillary loss with associated macular edema. In the peripheral network, spreading ischemia results from the progressive loss of the ladder capillaries which connect peripheral arterioles and venules. System blood flow was elevated in the macular model before a later reduction in flow in cases with progression of capillary occlusions. Simulations differing only in initial vascular network structures but with identical dynamics for oxygen, growth factors and vascular occlusions, replicate key clinical observations of ischemia and macular edema in the posterior pole and ischemia in the retinal periphery. The simulation results also seem consistent with quantitative data on macular blood flow and qualitative data on venous oxygenation. One computational model applied to distinct capillary networks in different retinal regions yielded results comparable to clinical observations in those regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fu
- The Biocomplexity Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - John Scott Gens
- The Biocomplexity Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - James A. Glazier
- The Biocomplexity Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Burns
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Gast
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
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Retinal Macroglial Responses in Health and Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2954721. [PMID: 27294114 PMCID: PMC4887628 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2954721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to their permanent and close proximity to neurons, glial cells perform essential tasks for the normal physiology of the retina. Astrocytes and Müller cells (retinal macroglia) provide physical support to neurons and supplement them with several metabolites and growth factors. Macroglia are involved in maintaining the homeostasis of extracellular ions and neurotransmitters, are essential for information processing in neural circuits, participate in retinal glucose metabolism and in removing metabolic waste products, regulate local blood flow, induce the blood-retinal barrier (BRB), play fundamental roles in local immune response, and protect neurons from oxidative damage. In response to polyetiological insults, glia cells react with a process called reactive gliosis, seeking to maintain retinal homeostasis. When malfunctioning, macroglial cells can become primary pathogenic elements. A reactive gliosis has been described in different retinal pathologies, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetes, glaucoma, retinal detachment, or retinitis pigmentosa. A better understanding of the dual, neuroprotective, or cytotoxic effect of macroglial involvement in retinal pathologies would help in treating the physiopathology of these diseases. The extensive participation of the macroglia in retinal diseases points to these cells as innovative targets for new drug therapies.
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Wang J, He C, Zhou T, Huang Z, Zhou L, Liu X. NGF increases VEGF expression and promotes cell proliferation via ERK1/2 and AKT signaling in Müller cells. Mol Vis 2016; 22:254-63. [PMID: 27081296 PMCID: PMC4812506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a classic neuroprotective factor that contributes to angiogenesis under pathological conditions, which might be mediated by the upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Retinal Müller cells are a critical source of growth factors, including NGF and VEGF, and express the receptor for NGF, indicating the functional significance of NGF signaling in Müller cells. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of NGF on the production of other growth factors and cellular proliferation in Müller cells and to further detect the potential mechanism of these effects. METHODS Primary Müller cells from C57BL/6J mice were isolated and identified with glutamine synthetase (GS) immunofluorescence (IF), a specific marker for Müller cells. TrkA, a high affinity receptor for NGF, was detected with IF staining in the primary Müller cells. Then, the cultured cells were stimulated with recombinant mouse NGF, and the supernatants and the cellular lysate were collected at different time points. VEGF secretion in the supernatant was detected with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The signaling activation in the Müller cells was accessed by western blot using specific phosphorylated antibodies. In addition, cell proliferation was analyzed with 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Furthermore, K252a, U0126, and LY294002, the inhibitors for TrkA, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, respectively, were used in combination with NGF in the assays analyzing VEGF expression and cell proliferation. RESULTS Primary mouse Müller cells were successfully cultured and confirmed with GS positive staining. The IF results showed that the TrkA receptor was abundantly expressed on Müller cells. The ELISA results revealed that NGF significantly promoted the production and secretion of VEGF in Müller cells after 12 or 24 h of stimulation, with more elevation after 24 h. Furthermore, NGF activated ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling, which was shown by the marked upregulation of phosphorylation in the western blot. As expected, K252a, the inhibitor of TrkA, a high-affinity NGF receptor, suppressed the activation, showing little phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling. Importantly, the VEGF levels were decreased after the inhibitors for TrkA, ERK1/2, and PI3K/AKT were used compared with NGF alone. In addition, the MTT assay showed that NGF promoted the proliferation of the Müller cells, which was also blocked by the TrkA, ERK1/2, and PI3K/AKT inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that NGF enhanced the secretion of VEGF and promoted cell proliferation via the ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT pathways in Müller cells, indicating that NGF is involved in angiogenesis-related factor generation and gliosis in Müller cells.
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Vellanki S, Ferrigno A, Alanis Y, Betts-Obregon BS, Tsin AT. High Glucose and Glucose Deprivation Modulate Müller Cell Viability and VEGF Secretion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY & EYE SCIENCE 2016; 4:178-183. [PMID: 27347496 PMCID: PMC4917289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic retinopathy is manifested by excessive angiogenesis and high level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the eye. METHODS Human (MIO-M1) and rat (rMC-1) Müller cells were treated with 0, 5.5, or 30mM glucose for 24 hours. Viable cell counts were obtained by Trypan Blue Dye Exclusion Method. ELISA was used to determine VEGF levels in cell medium. RESULTS Compared to 24 hour treatment by 5.5mM glucose, MIO-M1 and rMC-1 in 30mM glucose increased in viable cell number by 38% and 24% respectively. In contrast, viable cells in 0mM glucose decreased by 28% and 50% respectively. Compared to 5.5mM, MIO-M1 and rMC-1 in 30mM glucose had increased levels of VEGF in cell medium (pg/ml by 24% and 20%) and also VEGF concentration in cells held in 0mM increased by 47% and 10% respectively. In both MIO-M1 and rMC-1, the amount of VEGF secreted per cell increased by about 100% when glucose was changed from 5.5 to 0mM but decreased slightly (17% in MIO-M1 and 11% in rMC-1) when glucose was increased from 5.5 to 30mM. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that MIO-M1 and rMC-1 are highly responsive to changes in glucose concentrations. 30mM compared to 5.5mM significantly increased cell viability but induced a significant change in VEGF secretion per cell in rMC-1 only. At 0, 5.5, and 30mM glucose, MIO-M1 secreted about 5-7-fold higher level of VEGF (pg/cell) than rMC-1. The mechanism of glucose-induced changes in rMC-1 and MIO-M1 cell viability and VEGF secretion remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vellanki
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - A Ferrigno
- Escuela de Medicina, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Y Alanis
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - BS Betts-Obregon
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - AT Tsin
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, TX, USA
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Wu J, Wang R, Ye Z, Sun X, Chen Z, Xia F, Sun Q, Liu L. Protective effects of methane-rich saline on diabetic retinopathy via anti-inflammation in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 466:155-61. [PMID: 26363454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
As the commonest complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a neuro-vascular disease with chronic inflammatory. Methane could exert potential therapeutic interest in inflammatory pathologies in previous studies. Our study aims to evaluate the protective effects of methane-rich saline on DR and investigate the potential role of related MicroRNA (miRNA) in diabetic rats. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with methane-rich or normal saline (5 ml/kg) daily for eight weeks. Morphology changes and blood-retinal barrier (BRB) permeability were assessed by hematoxylin eosin staining and Evans blue leakage. Retinal inflammatory cytokines levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL1-β) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Retinal protein expressions of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were determined by western blotting. Retinal miRNA expressions were examined by miRNA-specific microarray, verified by quantitative RT-PCR and predicted by GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis. There was no significant changes in blood glucose level and body weight of diabetic rats with methane-rich or normal saline treatment, but the decreased retinal thickness, retinal ganglial cell loss and BRB breakdown were all significantly suppressed by methane treatment. DM-induced retinal overexpressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, GFAP and VEGF were also significantly ameliorated. Moreover, the methane treatment significantly up-regulated retinal levels of miR-192-5p (related to apoptosis and tyrosine kinase signaling pathway) and miR-335 (related to proliferation, oxidative stress and leukocyte). Methane exerts protective effect on DR via anti-inflammation, which may be related to the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangchun Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruobing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhouheng Ye
- Department of Navy Aeromedicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of Navy Aeromedicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeli Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangzhou Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinglei Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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