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Khetarpal SK, Szoko N, Culyba AJ, Shaw D, Ragavan MI. Associations Between Parental Monitoring and Multiple Types of Youth Violence Victimization: A Brief Report. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP19216-NP19227. [PMID: 34348500 PMCID: PMC9115795 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211035882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Youth violence victimization continues to be pervasive and a significant cause of adolescent mortality. Since their 2014 "Connecting the Dots" report, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have encouraged researchers to identify shared protective factors that prevent multiple forms of youth violence. Parental monitoring, a bidirectional construct encompassing parental knowledge and regulation of their child's activities with children's concurrent perception of their parent's awareness of such activities, could be such a cross-cutting protective factor. In this study, we examined associations between parental monitoring and multiple types of violence victimization among a school-based sample of adolescents. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of an anonymous survey of health risk and protective behaviors completed by students across Pittsburgh Public Schools (N = 2,426). In separate analyses, we used logistic regression to examine associations between youth-reported parental monitoring and multiple experiences of youth violence victimization, ranging from school- and electronic-based bullying to different forms of sexual and physical violence. We found that many experiences of youth violence victimization were consistent with nationally representative data. In addition, we determined that higher parental monitoring was significantly and inversely associated with all violence victimization outcomes examined (school-based bullying, electronic-based bullying, threatening someone with a weapon, adolescent relationship abuse, sexual assault, and exchange sex) at the p < .05 threshold. Overall, this study is one of the first that examines how parental monitoring relates to multiple forms of youth violence victimization, including exchange sex, which is a critical but less-studied violence experience. This work adds to the growing literature on how parental monitoring may serve as a shared protective factor for multiple forms of violence victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas Szoko
- UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alison J. Culyba
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel Shaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Maya I. Ragavan
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Aiken A, Chan G, Yuen WS, Clare PJ, Hutchinson D, McBride N, Najman JM, McCambridge J, Upton E, Slade T, Boland VC, De Torres C, Bruno R, Kypri K, Wadolowski M, Mattick RP, Peacock A. Trajectories of parental and peer supply of alcohol in adolescence and associations with later alcohol consumption and harms: A prospective cohort study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 237:109533. [PMID: 35752023 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supply of alcohol to adolescents is associated with increased alcohol consumption and harms including alcohol use disorder (AUD). We aimed to identify: (1) trajectories of alcohol supply to adolescents; (2) sociodemographic characteristics associated with supply trajectory; (3) patterns of alcohol consumption by supply trajectory; and (4) supply trajectory associations with adverse alcohol outcomes. METHODS We used Australian longitudinal survey data (N = 1813) to model latent trajectories of parent and peer alcohol supply over five annual follow-ups (Waves 2-6; Mage 13.9-17.8 years). Regression models assessed associations between supply trajectories and Wave 1 (Mage=12.9 years) sociodemographic factors and associations between supply trajectories and Wave 7 (Mage=18.8 years) alcohol outcomes. RESULTS We identified five alcohol supply classes: (1) minimal supply (n = 739, 40.8%); (2) early parent sips, late peer/parent whole drinks (n = 254, 14.0%); (3) late peer/parent whole drinks (n = 419, 23.1%); (4) early parent sips, mid peer/parent whole drinks (n = 293, 16.2%); (5) early peer/parent whole drinks (n = 108, 6.0%). Compared to minimal supply, the other classes were 2.7-12.9 times as likely to binge drink, 1.6-3.0 times as likely to experience alcohol-related harms, and 2.1-8.6 times as likely to report AUD symptoms at age 19. CONCLUSION Earlier supply of whole drinks, particularly from peers, was associated with increased risk of early adulthood adverse alcohol outcomes. While minimal supply represented the lowest risk, supplying sips only in early-mid adolescence and delaying supply of whole drinks until late adolescence is likely to be less risky than earlier supply of whole drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Aiken
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Gary Chan
- National Centre For Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Wing See Yuen
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Philip J Clare
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Prevention Research Collaboration, The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Delyse Hutchinson
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Nyanda McBride
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Jackob M Najman
- Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jim McCambridge
- Department of Health Sciences, Seebohm Rowntree Building, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Upton
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- Sydney Medical School / The Matilda Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Veronica C Boland
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Clara De Torres
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Raimondo Bruno
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Kypros Kypri
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Monika Wadolowski
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Richard P Mattick
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Amy Peacock
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
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Litt DM, Geusens F, Seamster A, Lewis MA. A parent-based intervention for reducing high-risk social media cognitions, alcohol use, and negative consequences among adolescents: Protocol for a randomized controlled pilot study (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e38543. [PMID: 35579931 PMCID: PMC9157320 DOI: 10.2196/38543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of adolescent alcohol use continues to be a public health concern. Although adolescents spend an increasing amount of time with their friends, parents remain an important source of support and continue to play a key role in the lives of their adolescents. Extensive research in this area has resulted in parent-based intervention (PBI) efforts to prevent or reduce adolescent alcohol use. However, one major limitation of PBIs is that they do not currently consider the large role that social media plays in adolescents’ lives and in relation to their alcohol use. We will add to the literature by developing and refining a web-based PBI designed to reduce both high-risk social media cognitions and alcohol use among adolescents. Objective The central goal of the proposed study is to develop, refine, and pilot a web-based PBI to reduce both high-risk social media cognitions and alcohol use among adolescents. Methods A total of 100 parent-teen dyads will be randomly assigned to one of the following 2 conditions: intervention or control. Parents in the intervention group will be given access to the web-based PBI and suggestions for working through the PBI modules with their teens. The parent-teen dyads will fill out 3 questionnaires: a baseline questionnaire, 1-month questionnaire, and 6-month questionnaire. Results Recruitment and enrollment will begin in August 2022. Upon completion of the intervention trial, we will examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effect sizes of the newly developed web-based PBI. Conclusions This study has the potential to open doors for future studies examining the clinical implications of an efficacious web-based PBI to reduce alcohol use and high-risk cognitions about alcohol displays on social media. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04333966; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04333966 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/38543
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Litt
- School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Femke Geusens
- Leuven School for Mass Communication Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Research Foundation Flanders (FWO Vlaanderen), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Abby Seamster
- School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Melissa A Lewis
- School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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Svensson R, Johnson B. Internet use and adolescent drinking: Does it matter what young people do online? Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 213:108138. [PMID: 32603977 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study we examine whether the association between internet use and drinking could be different for different types of internet activities among adolescents. We also adjust for a number of theoretically relevant factors such as peer influence, unstructured activities, impulsivity and parental monitoring. METHOD The data are drawn from four cross-sectional surveys from the years 2016-2019 in eight municipalities in southern Sweden. The sample consist of 3733 adolescents in year 9 of compulsory education, aged 14-15. RESULTS The results show that there is an association between internet activities and drinking and that there are differences depending on what young people do online. Self-presentation and online sociality are both positively associated with drinking, whereas news consumption and playing games are negatively associated with drinking. The results also show that the association between the different internet activities and drinking becomes weaker when adjusting for the control variables. CONCLUSION This study suggests that more research is needed to examine the correlations between different forms of internet activities and drinking among adolescents in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Svensson
- Department of Criminology, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Björn Johnson
- Department of Social Work, Malmö University, SE-205 06, Malmö, Sweden.
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Lushin V, Katz C, Lalayants M. Relative importance of caregiver characteristics for future alcohol consumption in youth involved with child welfare system. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 204:107528. [PMID: 31542628 PMCID: PMC6910130 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents involved with child welfare system are disproportionately at risk for underage drinking. Little empirical evidence has informed interventions targeting child welfare caregivers to prevent alcohol consumption among adolescents involved with the system. METHODS The present study addressed this gap by examining modifiable caregiver characteristics most predictive of future underage drinking in a cohort of adolescents (N = 1205) in a nationally representative child welfare dataset. We used dominance analyses to examine direct contributions of each caregiver predictor to the overall variance of future alcohol use. This is the first study to apply the reputable Turrisi and Jaccard (2001) framework of familial processes affecting underage drinking to the child welfare population. RESULTS Findings highlight the role of caregiver-adolescent relational quality and communications for predicting underage alcohol use, and downplay the role of caregiver monitoring. CONCLUSIONS Child welfare service systems may help prevent underage drinking by systematically training and motivating caregivers to foster trusting, helping relationships and regular communications with the adolescents in their care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Lushin
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Mental Health, United States.
| | - Colleen Katz
- City University of New York, Hunter College Silberman School of Social Work
| | - Marina Lalayants
- City University of New York, Hunter College Silberman School of Social Work
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Petrova M, Martinez CR, Jean-Jacques J, McClure HH, Pantin H, Prado G, Schwartz SJ. Mind the Gap: Bridging the Divide Between Current Binge Drinking Prevention and the Needs of Hispanic Underage Emerging Adults. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2019; 20:1114-1124. [PMID: 31140021 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-019-01026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we highlight the urgent public health need for prevention of heavy episodic drinking among underage Hispanic emerging adults in the USA. We outline the current state of binge drinking prevention programming and contrast it with the unique cultural, social, and developmental realities of this population using an ecodevelopmental framework (Szapocznik and Coatsworth 1999). Finally, we advance specific recommendations for the development and delivery of culturally tailored, multisystemic binge drinking prevention programs for underage Hispanic emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hilda Pantin
- University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
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Talley AE, Turner B, Foster AM, Phillips G. Sexual Minority Youth at Risk of Early and Persistent Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2019; 48:1073-1086. [PMID: 30604172 PMCID: PMC6993957 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-018-1275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The current study sought to examine substance use disparities among sexual minority youth. The current subsample of 348,175 students participated in the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) study from years 2005 to 2015 (biennially) in jurisdictions that asked at least one question about sexual minority status. Latent class analysis was used to identify implicit classes of sexual minority youth, based on respondents' sexual identity and sexual behavior. Sex-stratified regression models were run to determine the association between class membership and age of onset and persistent use of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana. Findings showed that sexual minority female subgroups were primarily distinguished by sexual identity (e.g., "lesbian," "bisexual"), whereas sexual minority male subgroups were primarily distinguished by sexual behavior. Female lesbian and bisexual youth were at risk of initiating substance use at younger ages and, among lifetime users, were more likely to persist in their tobacco and marijuana use over time, relative to sexually active female heterosexual youth. Among lifetime users, male youth with partners of both sexes were at greater risk of persistent use of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana over time and earlier ages of first use. Recommendations for intervention and prevention programs geared toward reducing sexual minority youth substance use are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia E Talley
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
| | - Blair Turner
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anthony M Foster
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Gregory Phillips
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Geisner IM, Trager BM, Hultgren BA, Larimer ME, Mallett KA, Turrisi R. Examining parental monitoring as a moderator of the relationship between depressed mood and alcohol use and problems. Addict Behav 2018; 81:117-124. [PMID: 29454811 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The comorbidity of depressed mood and college student drinking causes consequences for both the individual and society. Aspects of parenting have been shown to be important for college students' well-being. While some interventions are beginning to address this population, few studies have examined how parental monitoring impacts the relationship between depressed mood, alcohol use, and related consequences. The present study examined whether perceived parental monitoring moderated the relationship between depressed mood and alcohol use and related problems. METHODS Students (N = 796) completed a survey during the fall semester of their first two years of college at a large, public university assessing drinking and related negative consequences, maternal and paternal monitoring, and depressed mood. RESULTS Results revealed that maternal and paternal monitoring moderated the relationship between depressed mood and typical weekly drinking, and depressed mood and consequences (i.e., self-perception, self-care, blackouts). CONCLUSIONS Interventions should be tailored to parents based on considerations of both student mental health and alcohol use.
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Wilson MN, Langille DB, Ogilvie R, Asbridge M. When parents supply alcohol to their children: Exploring associations with drinking frequency, alcohol-related harms, and the role of parental monitoring. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 183:141-149. [PMID: 29248692 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth obtain alcohol from many sources, including friends, siblings, parents and other adults. Whether parental supply, relative to other sources, is associated with experiencing a negative alcohol-related outcome is an area of considerable debate. Less well understood is whether the observed association is further contextualized by level of parental monitoring of the child. OBJECTIVES This study has two main objectives: 1) determine if there is a relationship between parental supply, drinking frequency, and alcohol-related harms among youth; and 2) assess whether parental monitoring moderates this relationship. METHODS Participants were drawn from the 2012 Student Drug Use Survey in Canada's Atlantic Provinces, an anonymous cross-sectional survey of high school students (ages 15-19 years). Adjusted regression models assessed the association between drinking frequency, experiencing alcohol-related harms, and four different sources of supply. Additional analyses stratified on levels of parental monitoring. RESULTS Relative to receiving alcohol from friends, parental supply was associated with lower odds of experiencing any alcohol-related harm (AOR 0.42; 95% CI 0.28-0.61) and loss of control (AOR = 0.42; 95% CI 0.29-0.62). Drinking frequency did not differ by source of supply. Associations between parental supply and harm were absent among youth reporting low levels of parental monitoring. CONCLUSIONS Youth who receive alcohol from parents' report fewer alcohol-related harms relative to those who obtain their alcohol from friends, despite no observed differences in drinking frequency. Understanding how parents may help to minimize experiences of alcohol-related harm among youth beyond the simple promotion of abstinence from drinking is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N Wilson
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5790 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, Canada, B3H 1V7, Canada
| | - Donald B Langille
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5790 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, Canada, B3H 1V7, Canada
| | - Rachel Ogilvie
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5790 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, Canada, B3H 1V7, Canada
| | - Mark Asbridge
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5790 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, Canada, B3H 1V7, Canada.
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Montano GT, McCauley HL, Miller E, Chisolm DJ, Marshal MP. Trends in Parental Monitoring and Knowledge Over Time Between Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Girls. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2017; 27:810-825. [PMID: 29152868 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed whether trajectories of parental monitoring components were different for sexual minority girls (SMGs) compared to heterosexual girls. We recruited 14-19-year-old girls from two adolescent medicine clinics. We estimated growth curve models to compare how components of parental monitoring-adolescent disclosure, parental solicitation, and parental knowledge-changed over 2 years for SMGs and heterosexual girls. SMGs and heterosexual girls had similar trajectory slopes and quadratic forms of adolescent disclosure, but SMGs had consistently lower adolescent disclosure scores. Parental knowledge trajectories indicated differential intercepts and slopes for SMGs compared to heterosexual girls, suggesting potential higher risk for maladaptive behaviors. Results of this study suggest that parental monitoring may operate differently over time for SMGs compared to heterosexual girls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Deena J Chisolm
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health
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Kelly LM, Becker SJ, Spirito A. Parental monitoring protects against the effects of parent and adolescent depressed mood on adolescent drinking. Addict Behav 2017; 75:7-11. [PMID: 28662437 PMCID: PMC6502636 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parental monitoring is a well-established protective factor for adolescent drinking. This study examined whether parental monitoring protected against three common risk factors for alcohol use in a sample of high-risk adolescents: parental depressed mood, adolescent depressed mood, and parental alcohol use. METHODS Participants included 117 adolescents (mean age=15.5; 52% female) who presented to the hospital emergency department due to an alcohol-related event and their primary parent/guardian. Adolescents completed self-report measures of alcohol use frequency, depressed mood, and parental monitoring, while parents completed self-report measures of problematic alcohol use and depressed mood. RESULTS Hierarchical regression confirmed that parental monitoring was associated with lower frequency of adolescent alcohol use, even after controlling for the three risk factors. Significant interactions were found between parental monitoring and both adolescent and parental depressed mood. Parental monitoring had significant protective effects against drinking frequency among adolescents with higher levels of depressed mood, but not among adolescents with lower levels of depressed mood. By contrast, parental monitoring only had protective effects among those parents with lower levels of depressed mood. Parental problematic alcohol use did not affect the relationship between parental monitoring and adolescent alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that adolescents with high levels of depressed mood may be more likely to benefit from parental monitoring, whereas parents with high levels of depressed mood may be less likely to monitor effectively. Interventions targeting parental monitoring in high-risk adolescents should take into account the influence of both adolescent and parental depressed mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourah M Kelly
- Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, 73 Tremont St, Boston, MA 02108, USA.
| | - Sara J Becker
- Center for Alcohol and Addictions Studies, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Medical School, Duncan Building, Duncan Building Box G-BH, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Anthony Spirito
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Medical School, Duncan Building, Duncan Building Box G-BH, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Mynttinen M, Pietilä AM, Kangasniemi M. What Does Parental Involvement Mean in Preventing Adolescents' Use of Alcohol? An Integrative Review. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2017.1306471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Carroll HA, Heleniak C, Witkiewitz K, Lewis M, Eakins D, Staples J, Andersson C, Berglund M, Larimer ME. Effects of parental monitoring on alcohol use in the US and Sweden: A brief report. Addict Behav 2016; 63:89-92. [PMID: 27450154 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescent alcohol use predicts a myriad of negative mental and physical health outcomes including fatality (Midanik, 2004). Research in parental influence on alcohol consumption finds parental monitoring (PM), or knowing where/whom your child is with, is associated with lower levels of alcohol use in adolescents (e.g., Arria et al., 2008). As PM interventions have had only limited success (Koutakis, Stattin, & Kerr, 2008), investigating moderating factors of PM is of importance. Country may serve as one such moderator (Calafat, Garcia, Juan, Becoña, & Fernández-Hermida, 2014). Thus, the purpose of the present report is to assess the relationship between PM and alcohol use in the US and Sweden. METHOD High school seniors from the US (n=1181, 42.3% Male) and Sweden (n=2171, 44.1% Male) completed assessments of total drinks consumed in a typical week, problematic alcohol use, and perceived PM. RESULTS Generalized linear mixed modeling (GLM, Cohen, Cohen, West, & Aiken, 2013; Hilbe, 2011) was used to examine whether country moderated the relationship between PM and alcohol use. Results revealed main effects of country and PM and a significant interaction between country and PM in predicting total drinks per week and PM in predicting problematic alcohol use (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS While PM is related to lower quantity of alcohol consumed and problematic alcohol use, greater PM appears to be more strongly related to fewer drinks per week and less problematic alcohol use in the US, as compared to Sweden.
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Montano GT, McCauley HL, Miller E, Chisolm DJ, Marshal MP. Differences in Parental Monitoring Components and Their Associated Health Indicators Between Sexual-Minority and Heterosexual Girls. JOURNAL OF GLBT FAMILY STUDIES 2016; 13:211-235. [PMID: 30872979 PMCID: PMC6413312 DOI: 10.1080/1550428x.2016.1200507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Our study sought to assess whether parental monitoring and their associations with health behaviors differed for heterosexual girls compared to sexual minority girls (girls who identified as lesbian or bisexual, endorsed same-sex attraction, or had same-sex romantic or sexualpartners). We analyzed three components of parental monitoring-adolescent disclosure, parental solicitation, and parental knowledge-between heterosexual and sexual minority girls.We also tested if the associations between these three constructs and adolescent relationship abuse, suicidality, heavy drinking, binge drinking, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms were different for heterosexual girls compared to sexual minority girls. Sexual minority girls were less likely to disclose accurately to their parents their location and activities and perceived their parents asked less and knew less about their location and activities than did heterosexual girls. Heterosexual girls who reported higher levels of adolescent disclosure were less likely than were sexual minority girls to report suicidality and anxiety symptoms. Additionally, heterosexual girls who reported higher levels of parental knowledge were also less likely than were sexual minority girls to report anxiety and depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that parental monitoring may not be as protective forsexual minority girls as it is for heterosexual girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald T Montano
- Corresponding Author, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, , 3420 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Heather L McCauley
- Assistant Professor, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, , 3420 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Professor, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, , 3420 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Deena J Chisolm
- Associate Professor, The Ohio State University College of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, , 700 Children's Drive, Room JW4986, Columbus, OH 43205
| | - Michael P Marshal
- Associate Professor, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, , 3811 O'Hara Strett, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrill Bravender
- The University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Thompson K, Roemer A, Leadbeater B. Impulsive Personality, Parental Monitoring, and Alcohol Outcomes From Adolescence Through Young Adulthood. J Adolesc Health 2015; 57:320-6. [PMID: 26143959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the time-varying effects of sensation seeking, lack of perseverance, and parental monitoring on heavy drinking and alcohol-related harms from ages 16 to 28 years. METHODS Participants were from the Victoria Healthy Youth Survey, followed six times, biennially, between 2003 and 2013 (N = 662; mean age at Time 1 = 15.52, range = 12-18). Analyses used time-varying effect models, which estimate how the association between a predictor and an outcome differs over time without assuming the association follows a parametric function of time. RESULTS Sensation seeking was a stable risk factor for heavy drinking, and lack of perseverance was stable risk factor for alcohol-related harms at each age. Parental monitoring was associated with lower rates of heavy drinking in adolescence and lower rates of alcohol harm until the age of 24 years. Moreover, high levels of parental monitoring moderated the association between personality traits and rates of harm at ages 17-20 years but only for youth high on lack of perseverance and low on sensation seeking. CONCLUSIONS The results provide a better understanding of age-related changes in risk and protective factors of alcohol use across the transition to adulthood. Impulsive personality traits are stable risk factors for alcohol outcomes until the late-20s despite typical age-related declines in these traits and drinking. Moreover, parental monitoring buffers the association between personality traits and alcohol harm for specific youth during the transition to adulthood. Personality-targeted interventions may be effective beyond adolescence, and parenting interventions may help reduce harm among low perseverance, low sensation-seeking youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Thompson
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Audra Roemer
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Bonnie Leadbeater
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Smorti M, Guarnieri S. The Parental Bond and Alcohol Use Among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Drinking Motives. Subst Use Misuse 2015; 50:1560-70. [PMID: 26583770 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2015.1023454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use and alcohol-related problems represent a significant health concern. Few empirical researches focused on understanding the interrelationships and links between the parental bond, drinking motives, and alcohol use during adolescence. OBJECTIVES The present study examined the relationships between a supportive parental bond, drinking motives, and alcohol use, with a focus on the role of mediation. METHODS The sample comprised 298 adolescents, aged from 16 to 20 years. The technique of structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to assess the direct and indirect effects of the parental bond on alcohol use among adolescents through motives for drinking. RESULTS The relationship between the parental bond and frequency of alcohol use by adolescents was not mediated by any motives for drinking, neither for males nor females. Regarding the relationships between the parental bond and quantity of adolescent alcohol consumption, findings for females showed significant indirect effects of maternal bond on alcohol quantity, when coping, enhancement, and social drinking motives were entered as mediator variables. Rather, paternal bond did not predict drinking quantity, not even indirectly. On the contrary, results for males indicated that the parental bond was neither directly nor indirectly associated with adolescent alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS/IMPORTANCE Mothers are the relational fulcrum of the family, while fathers seem to maintain a more peripheral position. Gender differences are discussed on the basis of the different cultural and parental socialisation processes that operate for male and female adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Smorti
- a Faculty of Education , Free University of Bozen , Bolzano , Italy
| | - Silvia Guarnieri
- a Faculty of Education , Free University of Bozen , Bolzano , Italy
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Li K, Simons-Morton BG, Vaca FE, Hingson R. Reciprocal Associations Between Parental Monitoring Knowledge and Impaired Driving in Adolescent Novice Drivers. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2015; 16:645-651. [PMID: 25941751 PMCID: PMC4692247 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2014.996215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescent driving while alcohol/drug impaired (DWI) and parental monitoring knowledge may have notable interplay. However, the magnitude and direction of causality are unclear. This study examined possible reciprocal associations among adolescents between DWI and parental monitoring knowledge. METHODS The data were from waves 1, 2, and 3 (W1, W2, and W3) of the NEXT Generation Health Study, with longitudinal assessment of a nationally representative sample of 10th graders starting in 2009-2010 (n = 2,525 at W1) and analyzed in 2014. Those who had obtained an independent/unsupervised driving license were included for the analysis. Autoregressive cross-lagged path analysis was used to examine potential reciprocal associations between DWI and parental monitoring knowledge of both mothers and fathers, controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS Stability of fathers' and mothers' monitoring knowledge across 3 consecutive interview waves was identified. W1 monitoring knowledge of both fathers and mothers was prospectively associated with DWI at W2 but not for W2 with W3. A significant negative association between adolescent DWI at W2 and mothers' monitoring knowledge at W3 was found but not between W1 and W2. None of the associations between DWI and fathers' monitoring knowledge from W1 to W2 or from W2 to W3 were significant. CONCLUSIONS Early (10th grade) parental monitoring knowledge may predict lower adolescent self-reported DWI in 11th grade. More notably, adolescent DWI did not seem to increase parental monitoring knowledge. Future interventions are needed to improve parental monitoring knowledge and enhance awareness of the DWI risk in their adolescent novice drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaigang Li
- Health Behavior Branch, National Institute of Child Health & Human Development
| | | | - Federico E. Vaca
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Ralph Hingson
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
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Chaney BH, Cremeens J. Development of an Instrument to Assess Parent–College Child Communication Regarding Alcohol Use Behaviors. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2013.811358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Miranda R, Reynolds E, Ray L, Justus A, Knopik VS, McGeary J, Meyerson LA. Preliminary evidence for a gene-environment interaction in predicting alcohol use disorders in adolescents. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 37:325-31. [PMID: 23136901 PMCID: PMC3700411 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01897.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging research suggests that genetic influences on adolescent drinking are moderated by environmental factors. The present study builds on molecular-genetic findings by conducting the first analysis of gene-environment interactions in the association between a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1) gene (A118G) and risk of developing an alcohol use disorder (AUD) during adolescence. Specifically, we tested whether variation in parenting practices or affiliation with deviant peers moderated the link between the OPRM1 gene and risk of an AUD. METHODS Adolescents reporting European ancestry (N = 104), ages 12 to 19 years (M = 15.60, SD = 1.77), were interviewed to ascertain AUD diagnoses, provided a DNA sample for genetic analyses, and completed measures of parental monitoring and deviant peer affiliation. Logistic regression was used to test the effects of environmental variables and their interactions with OPRM1 genotype as predictors of AUD diagnosis while controlling for age and sex. RESULTS Case-control comparisons showed that the proportion of youth with an AUD (n = 18) significantly differed by genotype such that 33.3% of G allele carriers met criteria for an AUD compared to 10.8% of youth who were homozygous for the A allele (p = 0.006). The OPRM1 × parental monitoring (odds ratio = 0.16) and OPRM1 × deviant peer affiliation (odds ratio = 7.64) interactions were significant predictors of AUD risk, such that G allele carriers with high levels of deviant peer affiliation or lower levels of parental monitoring had the greatest likelihood of developing an AUD (p-values <0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study provides initial evidence that the association between the A118G SNP of the OPRM1 gene and risk of AUDs is moderated by modifiable factors. These results are limited, however, by the small sample size and require replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Miranda
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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Predicting high risk adolescents' substance use over time: the role of parental monitoring. J Prim Prev 2013; 33:67-77. [PMID: 22370765 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-012-0266-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether parental monitoring at baseline predicted subsequent substance use in a high-risk youth population. Students in 14 alternative high schools in Washington State completed self-report surveys at three time points over the course of 2 years. Primary analyses included 1,423 students aged 14-20 who lived with at least one parent or step-parent at baseline. Using hierarchical linear modeling, we found that high parental monitoring at baseline predicted significantly less use of alcohol, marijuana, downers, cocaine, PCP, LSD, and prescription drugs and drinking to intoxication at the first posttest. Approximately 1 year later, high parental monitoring at baseline predicted significantly less use of alcohol, cocaine, prescription drugs, uppers, and ecstasy and drinking to intoxication. Study results suggest that parental monitoring serves as a protective factor, even for high-risk alternative high school students. Including a parental monitoring component may increase the effectiveness of traditional drug prevention programs.
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Kaynak Ö, Meyers K, Caldeira KM, Vincent KB, Winters KC, Arria AM. Relationships among parental monitoring and sensation seeking on the development of substance use disorder among college students. Addict Behav 2013; 38:1457-63. [PMID: 23017733 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorder is a serious health problem that tends to manifest in late adolescence. Attempting to influence targetable risk and protective factors holds promise for prevention and treatment. Survey data from 1253 college students (48.5% male, 26.9% non-White) were used to investigate the independent and combined effects of two prominent factors, sensation seeking and parental monitoring, on the probability of alcohol and/or cannabis dependence during the first year of college. In multivariate analyses that controlled for high school use, gender, race, mother's education, and importance of religion, retrospective reports by the student of parental behavior during the last year of high school indicated that higher levels of parental monitoring had a direct effect on reducing risk for alcohol dependence during the first year of college, but not on cannabis dependence. High levels of sensation seeking were associated with increased risk for both alcohol and cannabis dependence. No interaction effects were found. The results extend prior findings by highlighting influences of pre-college parental monitoring and sensation seeking on the probability of alcohol and/or cannabis dependence during the first year of college. The findings also suggest that these two factors are useful in identifying college students at high risk for alcohol and/or cannabis dependence.
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Tomcikova Z, Veselska Z, Madarasova Geckova A, van Dijk JP, Reijneveld SA. Leisure time activities, parental monitoring and drunkenness in adolescents. Eur Addict Res 2013. [PMID: 23183818 DOI: 10.1159/000343484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the association between adolescent drunkenness and participation in risky leisure time activities and parental monitoring. METHODS A sample of 3,694 Slovak elementary school students (mean age 14.5 years; 49.0% males) was assessed for drunkenness in the previous month, participation in risky leisure activities and parental monitoring. RESULTS Participation in risky leisure time activities increased the probability of drunkenness among adolescents, while parental monitoring decreased it. The effect did not change after adding the mother's and father's monitoring into the models. CONCLUSION Our results imply that adolescents involved in going out with friends, having parties with friends and/or visiting sporting events every day or several times a week are at a higher risk of drunkenness, as are those less monitored by their parents. These less monitored adolescents and their parents should become a target group in prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Tomcikova
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, Institute of Public Health, Medical Faculty, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
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Molina BSG, Pelham WE, Cheong J, Marshal MP, Gnagy EM, Curran PJ. Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and growth in adolescent alcohol use: the roles of functional impairments, ADHD symptom persistence, and parental knowledge. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2012; 121:922-935. [PMID: 22845650 DOI: 10.1037/a0028260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Research on the relation between childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and adolescent alcohol use has found mixed results. Studies are needed that operationalize alcohol use in developmentally appropriate ways and that test theoretically plausible moderators and mediators in a longitudinal framework. The current study tested childhood ADHD as a predictor of alcohol use frequency at age 17 and age-related increases in alcohol use frequency, through adolescence for 163 adolescents with ADHD diagnosed in childhood and 120 adolescents without ADHD histories. Childhood ADHD did not predict either alcohol outcome. However, parental knowledge of the teen's friendships, activities, and whereabouts moderated the association such that childhood ADHD predicted alcohol use frequency at age 17 when parental knowledge was below median levels for the sample. Mediational pathways that explained this risk included social impairment, persistence of ADHD symptoms, grade point average, and delinquency. Social impairment was positively associated with alcohol use frequency through delinquency; it was negatively associated with alcohol use frequency as a direct effect independent of delinquency. These nuanced moderated-mediation findings help to explain previously inconsistent results for the ADHD-adolescent alcohol use association. The findings also imply that future research and intervention efforts should focus on ADHD-related social and academic impairments as well as symptom persistence and parenting efforts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Patrick J Curran
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill
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Bobakova D, Kolarcik P, Geckova AM, Klein D, Reijneveld SA, van Dijk JP. Does the influence of peers and parents on adolescents' drunkenness differ between Roma and non-Roma adolescents in Slovakia? ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2012; 17:531-541. [PMID: 22502722 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2012.678305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roma adolescents have been shown to use less alcohol than non-Roma adolescents. This could be due to the protective influences of peers and parents. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore differences in the levels of peer and parental influence and their effects on drunkenness between Roma and non-Roma adolescents. DESIGN Data were obtained in Eastern Slovakia from 330 Roma (mean age=14.50; 48.5% boys) and 722 non-Roma (mean age=14.86; 53.2% boys) primary school pupils. We analysed data on adolescent drunkenness (being drunk at least once in the past four weeks), parental monitoring (parents knowing with whom their children are when they go out) and peer influence (best friend drinking alcohol at least once a week) using logistic regression. RESULTS Roma adolescents self-reported more parental monitoring and less peer influence when compared with their non-Roma counterparts (p<0.001). Less parental monitoring contributed to the probability of drunkenness only among girls (OR/CI: 4.17/2.00-8.69). This effect of parental monitoring was not modified by ethnicity. Peer influence affected drunkenness in both boys (OR/CI: 3.34/1.91-5.85) and girls (4.84/2.55-9.19), but there was no significant interaction of ethnicity with peer influence. CONCLUSION While both boys and girls seem to be sensitive to peer influence, only girls appear to be sensitive to parental monitoring in regard to drunkenness. Stronger parental monitoring and weaker peer influence partially explain the lower prevalence of drunkenness among Roma adolescents, whereas the effects of these factors per level do not vary between Roma and non-Roma adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bobakova
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
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Kelly AB, Chan GC, Toumbourou JW, O'Flaherty M, Homel R, Patton GC, Williams J. Very young adolescents and alcohol: evidence of a unique susceptibility to peer alcohol use. Addict Behav 2012; 37:414-9. [PMID: 22217919 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to examine the susceptibility of very young adolescents (10-12 years of age) to peer alcohol-related influences, compared to older adolescents (13-14 years of age). METHODS The analysis sample consisted of 7064 adolescents in grade 6 (modal age 11) or grade 8 (modal age 13) from 231 schools in 30 communities across three Australian States. Key measures were adolescent reports of alcohol use (past 30 days) and the number of peers who consume alcohol without their parent's awareness. Control variables included parent alcohol use, family relationship quality, pubertal advancement, school connectedness, sensation seeking, depression, length of time in high school, as well as age, gender, father/mother education, and language spoken at home. A multi-level model of alcohol use was used to account for school-level clustering on the dependent variable. RESULTS For both groups, the number of peers who consumed alcohol was associated with alcohol use, but Grade 6 students showed a unique susceptibility to peripheral involvement with peer drinking networks (having one friend who consumed alcohol). CONCLUSION The results point to the importance of monitoring and responding to comparatively minor shifts in the proportion of peers who use alcohol, particularly among very young adolescents.
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Jacobsohn L, García-España JF, Durbin DR, Erkoboni D, Winston FK. Adult-supervised practice driving for adolescent learners: The current state and directions for interventions. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2012; 43:21-28. [PMID: 22385737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to quantify and identify correlates to the amount of parent-supervised behind-the-wheel practice hours by novice teen drivers. METHODS A national survey of 945 parents of recently licensed teen drivers was conducted. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors related to the number of practice hours completed. RESULTS Sixty-one percent of parents reported practicing 50 or more hours with their teen. Two-parent involvement was associated with more practice hours, though use of a professional driving instructor was not. Parents of teens licensed in states mandating 50 or more hours of practice driving were more likely to report at least 50 practice hours than those in states mandating 20-40 hours or in states without mandates. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY The findings underscore the integral role of parents in the learning to drive process and provide further support for GDL requirements for practice hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lela Jacobsohn
- The Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
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Kelly A, Chan GCK, O'Flaherty M. How important is the context of an adolescent's first alcoholic drink? Evidence that parental provision may reduce later heavy episodic drinking. Eur Addict Res 2012; 18:140-8. [PMID: 22398663 DOI: 10.1159/000335059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the extent to which a retrospective measure of parental provision of the first alcoholic beverage was related to current heavy episodic drinking and current responsible drinking practices. SAMPLE 608 14- to 17-year-olds from the 2007 Australian National Drug Strategy Household Survey. MEASURES Source of first alcoholic beverage (friends/parents/others), source of current alcohol, age of onset of alcohol use, current responsible drinking practices, and proportion of current friends who drink. RESULTS Binary logistic and multiple regression procedures revealed that parental provision of an adolescent's first alcoholic beverage predicted lower current heavy episodic drinking, and responsible drinking mediated this association. DISCUSSION The results suggested that for adolescents who become alcohol users, parental provision of the first drink may reduce subsequent alcohol-related risks compared to introduction to alcohol by friends and other sources. Alcohol-related risks remain significant for adolescents who consume alcohol, independent of who is the provider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. a.kelly @ uq.edu.au
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Spein AR, Melhus M, Kristiansen RE, Kvernmo SE. The influence of religious factors on drinking behavior among young indigenous Sami and non-Sami peers in northern Norway. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2011; 50:1024-1039. [PMID: 20182917 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-010-9335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that Laestadianism has contributed to the less drinking observed among indigenous Sami. This paper further investigates the bivariate protective influence of Sami ethnicity on youth drinking behavior using logistic regressions. We simultaneously controlled for the influence of religious revival movements (Laestadianism or evangelic) and religious importance (being personally Christian), in addition to socio-demographics and parental factors. Cross-sectional data from the 1994/95 North Norwegian Youth Study including 2,950 (675 Sami) 15-19 year-old high school students (RR: 85%) was used. Sami ethnicity was statistically significant for two out of six alcohol outcome measures, after adjustment for religiosity and other covariates, indicating less current drinking and party drinking. Religiousness was associated with higher youth and parental abstinence across ethnicities. Generally, stronger protective influences on drinking behavior were found for religious importance (being personally Christian) than religious affiliation (Laestadianism). The non-significance between Sami and non-Sami drinking may partly be explained by ethnic differences in religiosity, but also socio-demographics (e.g., residing in the Sami Highland) and parental factors (e.g., abstinence) contributed to such a result. Laestadianism`s profound impact on Sami culture, and its strong anti-alcohol norms may have contributed to a religious-socio-cultural context of abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Spein
- Center for Sami Health Research, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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Ward BM, Snow PC. Parents's plans to supply their adolescents with alcohol. Aust J Prim Health 2011; 17:169-74. [DOI: 10.1071/py10039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to determine the extent to which parent and adolescent characteristics and patterns of alcohol use influence parents’ plans to supply their adolescent aged 14–16 years with full serves of alcohol (i.e. not necessarily initiation) in the next 6 months. A cross-sectional sample of parents from Victoria, Australia, completed an online survey. Parents’ plans to supply alcohol in the next 6 months was significantly associated with their reports of supplying alcohol in the previous 3 months (β = 0.51, P < 0.01), perceptions that their adolescent drinks (β = 0.34, P < 0.01), reports of not practising religion (β = 0.13, P < 0.01), and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores (β = 0.09, P = 0.04). The total variance explained by the model was 57.4% F (9, 242) = 36.2, P < 0.01. Parents’ plans to supply their adolescent with alcohol might be a reflection of the normalisation of alcohol use in Australia. There is a need to support Australian parents to review their own alcohol use, clarify their views on alcohol use by their adolescent and confidently restrict their child’s access to alcohol, irrespective of their own drinking patterns.
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WARD BERNADETTEM, SNOW PAMELAC. Factors affecting parental supply of alcohol to underage adolescents. Drug Alcohol Rev 2010; 30:338-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1465-3362.2010.00228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Byczkowski TL, Kollar LM, Britto MT. Family experiences with outpatient care: do adolescents and parents have the same perceptions? J Adolesc Health 2010; 47:92-8. [PMID: 20547297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Revised: 12/05/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Providing healthcare for adolescents involves balancing parents' and adolescents' needs, and little research addressing, measuring, and achieving this balance has been conducted. A first step for healthcare providers toward achieving this balance is to understand the differences between parents and adolescents regarding perceptions of outpatient care experiences. This study was to explore and compare the experiences of care between parents and adolescents in a primary care setting. METHODS As part of an institution-wide system to measure patient satisfaction, 170 pairs of adolescent patients aged 11-17.9 years and their parents/guardians who had an outpatient visit at a Teen Health Center located within a large pediatric hospital were interviewed by telephone using both closed- and open-ended questions. RESULTS Overall, perceptions of care between adolescents and parents were very similar. However, adolescents reported less involvement in decisions about medical care and were less likely to receive understandable answers to questions. A qualitative analysis of responses to open-ended questions indicated that aspects of care important to both adolescents and parents are communication followed by interpersonal skills and technical competence. Parents and adolescents did not always view confidentiality in the same way. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that more time should be spent focusing on the adolescents' needs concerning communication. Healthcare providers should focus on the adolescents' needs by involving them in decisions and providing understandable answers to questions. Both parents and adolescents should be surveyed to measure their experience of care, especially with respect to involvement in care decisions, communication, and confidentiality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri L Byczkowski
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA.
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Yan FA, Howard DE, Beck KH, Shattuck T, Hallmark-Kerr M. Psychosocial correlates of physical dating violence victimization among Latino early adolescents. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2010; 25:808-831. [PMID: 19584406 DOI: 10.1177/0886260509336958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the association between dating violence victimization and psychosocial risk and protective factors among Latino early adolescents. An anonymous, cross-sectional, self-reported survey was administered to a convenience sample of Latino youth (n = 322) aged 11 to 13 residing in suburban Washington, D.C. The dependent variable was physical dating violence; the independent variables included violence, substance use, emotional well-being, prosocial behaviors, and parenting practices. Multivariate logistic regression models were constructed and adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were examined. Overall, 13.5% (n = 43) of Latino early adolescents reported being a victim of physical dating violence within the past year. The prevalence was 14.4% for girls and 12.9% for boys. Among the girls, binge drinking was the sole risk behavior associated with dating violence. Gun carrying, alcohol consumption, and having considered suicide were associated with dating violence among the boys. Physical dating violence appears to affect a small but significant proportion of Latino early adolescents and is associated with other risk behaviors. Healthy dating relationship programs are warranted for middle school youth with some tailoring to reflect gender differences in risk profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang A Yan
- Department of health and kinesiology, University of Texas, USA
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Pasch KE, Stigler MH, Perry CL, Komro KA. Parents' and children's self report of parenting factors: How much do they agree and which is more strongly associated with early adolescent alcohol use? HEALTH EDUCATION JOURNAL 2010; 69:31-42. [PMID: 20563227 PMCID: PMC2885720 DOI: 10.1177/0017896910363325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine if parents' and children's reports of parenting practices were correlated, if the reports were differentially associated with alcohol use, and which report had the strongest association with alcohol use. DESIGN: Cross-sectional and longitudinal. SETTING: Public schools, Chicago, Illinois. METHOD: Participants included 1373 ethnically-diverse students and parents involved in an alcohol use prevention intervention. Surveys were conducted in sixth grade and eighth grade. Mixed-effects regression analyses were used to model relationships cross-sectionally and longitudinally. RESULTS: Parents' and children's perceptions of parenting practices, while significantly correlated, were not strongly associated. Analyses within each parenting domain found parents' report of parental monitoring and children's reports of alcohol-specific communication, general communication, and relationship satisfaction were associated with alcohol use behaviors and intentions. After adjusting for all other parenting practices, parents' report of parental monitoring and children's report of alcohol-specific communication were most strongly related to alcohol use behaviors and intentions both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. CONCLUSIONS: When comparing results across studies, it is important to identify whose report was used, parent or child, as the results may differ based on reporter. Studies with limited resources may consider using parents' reports about parental monitoring and using children's reports for alcohol-specific communication, general communication, and relationship satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keryn E Pasch
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Advancement of Healthy Living, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX 78701
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Ginsburg KR, Durbin DR, García-España JF, Kalicka EA, Winston FK. Associations between parenting styles and teen driving, safety-related behaviors and attitudes. Pediatrics 2009; 124:1040-51. [PMID: 19810185 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2008-3037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal was to explore the association between parenting style and driving behaviors. METHODS The 2006 National Young Driver Survey gathered data on driving safety behaviors from a nationally representative sample of 5665 ninth-, 10th-, and 11th-graders. A parenting style variable was based on adolescent reports and separated parents into 4 groups, (1) authoritative (high support and high rules/monitoring), (2) authoritarian (low support and high rules/monitoring), (3) permissive (high support and low rules/monitoring), and (4) uninvolved (low support and low rules/monitoring). Associations between parenting style and driving behaviors and attitudes were assessed. RESULTS One half of parents were described as authoritative, 23% as permissive, 8% as authoritarian, and 19% as uninvolved. Compared with teens with uninvolved parents, those with authoritative parents reported one half the crash risk in the past year (odds ratio [OR]: 0.47 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.26-0.87]), were 71% less likely to drive when intoxicated (OR: 0.29 [95% CI: 0.19-0.44]), and were less likely to use a cellular telephone while driving (OR: 0.71 [95% CI: 0.50-0.99]). Teens with authoritative or authoritarian parents reported using seat belts nearly twice as often (authoritative: OR: 1.94 [95% CI: 1.49 -2.54]; authoritarian: OR: 1.85 [95% CI: 1.08 -3.18]) and speeding one half as often (authoritative: OR: 0.47 [95% CI: 0.36-0.61]; authoritarian: OR: 0.63 [95% CI: 0.40-0.99]) as teens with uninvolved parents. No significant differences in crash risk or seat belt use were found between permissive and uninvolved parents. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should encourage parents to set rules and to monitor teens' driving behaviors, in a supportive context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Ginsburg
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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Ichiyama MA, Fairlie AM, Wood MD, Turrisi R, Francis DP, Ray AE, Stanger LA. A randomized trial of a parent-based intervention on drinking behavior among incoming college freshmen. J Stud Alcohol Drugs Suppl 2009:67-76. [PMID: 19538914 PMCID: PMC2701098 DOI: 10.15288/jsads.2009.s16.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite research suggesting that parental involvement can affect alcohol involvement among adolescents, few studies have focused on parent-based alcohol prevention strategies among college undergraduates. We report the results of a randomized trial of a parent-based intervention (PBI) in a sample of college freshmen. METHOD Across two cohorts, 724 incoming freshman-parent dyads completed baseline assessments and were randomly assigned to PBI or intervention as usual (an alcohol fact sheet for parents). Student follow-up assessments were completed at 4 and 8 months. RESULTS Two-part latent growth curve modeling was used to test hypothesized intervention effects. Outcome variables were drinks per week (past month), heavy episodic drinking (past 2 weeks), and alcohol-related problems (past 3 months). Over the 8-month follow-up period, PBI had a significant effect on drinks per week but not heavy episodic drinking or alcohol-related problems. Specifically, compared with students in the intervention-as-usual condition, students receiving the PBI were significantly less likely to transition from nondrinker to drinker status and showed less growth in drinking over the freshman year. However, the direct PBI effect on growth was qualified by a PBI x Gender interaction, with probes indicating that the effect applied to women but not men in the PBI condition. CONCLUSIONS This study extends previous research by demonstrating the potential utility for PBIs to decrease the likelihood of transitioning into drinker status and, at least for women, for slowing growth in drinking over the freshman year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Ichiyama
- Department of Psychology, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, California 92110-2492
| | - Anne M. Fairlie
- Department of Psychology, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, California 92110-2492
| | - Mark D. Wood
- Department of Psychology, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, California 92110-2492
| | - Rob Turrisi
- Department of Psychology, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, California 92110-2492
| | | | - Anne E. Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, California 92110-2492
| | - Louise A. Stanger
- Department of Psychology, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, California 92110-2492
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if parental factors are significant predictors of short-term adolescent drinking after an alcohol-related emergency department (ED) visit. METHODS Adolescents, 13 to 17 years, who either had evidence or reported usage of alcohol in the 6 hours before an ED visit, were eligible for this study. Alcohol use was assessed at baseline and at 3-month follow-up. Data on parental variables and parenting practices were collected at baseline. Linear regression models were created to determine the relationship between parental factors and follow-up drinking. RESULTS Parental alcohol use, socioeconomic status, and monitoring practices were significant predictors of adolescent alcohol use at 3-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Parental factors may significantly influence subsequent adolescent drinking after an ED visit. These factors should be assessed when treating alcohol-positive teens, and parents should be advised to closely monitor their teens.
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Tucker JS, Ellickson PL, Klein DJ. Growing up in a permissive household: what deters at-risk adolescents from heavy drinking? J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2008; 69:528-34. [PMID: 18612568 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2008.69.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study identified psychosocial factors that may deter adolescents living in permissive households from heavy drinking in Grades 9 and 11. METHOD Longitudinal data were obtained from 710 youth who completed surveys from Grades 7 to 11. Permissive household was defined based on adolescent reports of whether the parents (1) would be upset if the adolescent drank or used marijuana, (2) knew their child's whereabouts when the adolescent was away from home, and (3) set curfews. Frequency of heavy drinking in the last 30 days was the number of days the adolescent had at least three alcoholic drinks. RESULTS Three quarters of adolescents from permissive households reported heavy drinking at Grade 9, with less frequent heavy drinking among those who concurrently reported less exposure to peer and adult drinking, less peer approval of drinking, weaker positive beliefs about drinking, a stronger academic orientation, higher resistance self-efficacy, and less delinquency. Further, social influences and alcohol beliefs predicted the frequency of heavy drinking 2 years later among adolescents from permissive households. Although most of these factors were also relevant for adolescents from nonpermissive households, social influences, alcohol beliefs and resistance self-efficacy were stronger predictors of heavy drinking at Grade 9 among youth from permissive households. CONCLUSIONS Growing up in a permissive household was associated with heavy drinking. Nonetheless, several psychosocial factors were associated with less frequent heavy drinking even within this at-risk population. Alcohol prevention programs that target pro-drinking peer and adult influences, positive attitudes toward drinking, and resistance self-efficacy may be particularly important in deterring heavy drinking among adolescents living in permissive households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan S Tucker
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, California 90407-2138, USA.
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Eisenberg ME, Neumark-Sztainer D, Fulkerson JA, Story M. Family meals and substance use: is there a long-term protective association? J Adolesc Health 2008; 43:151-6. [PMID: 18639788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2007] [Revised: 01/07/2008] [Accepted: 01/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine 5-year longitudinal associations between family meal patterns and subsequent substance use in adolescents. METHODS A total of 806 Minnesota adolescents were surveyed in public schools in 1998-1999 (mean age, 12.8 years) and again by mail in 2003-2004 (mean age, 17.2 years) as part of a longitudinal population-based study. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use at follow-up for adolescents reporting regular family meals at baseline compared with those without regular family meals, adjusting for family connectedness and prior substance use. RESULTS Family meal frequency at baseline was associated with significantly lower odds of cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and marijuana use at follow-up among female adolescents, even after adjusting for baseline substance use and additional covariates. Family meals were not associated with use of any substance at follow-up for male adolescents after adjusting for baseline use. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study suggest that regular family meals in adolescence may have a long-term protective association with the development of substance use over 5 years among females. Parents should be encouraged to establish a pattern of regular family meals, as this activity may have long lasting benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla E Eisenberg
- Division of Adolescent Health and Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, USA.
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Longitudinal relations between parental drinking problems, family functioning, and child adjustment. Dev Psychopathol 2008; 20:195-212. [PMID: 18211734 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579408000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Relations between maternal and paternal problem drinking symptoms and destructive marital conflict, parenting problems, and children's internalizing and externalizing problems were investigated. Participants were community families with a child in kindergarten who completed questionnaire measures at baseline (N=235), 1 year later (N=227), and 2 years later (N=215). Structural equation modeling revealed that paternal problem drinking at Time 1 was associated with greater destructive marital conflict 1 year later. In turn, destructive marital conflict was related to decreased parental warmth and increased parental psychological control; these parenting problems were associated with greater child internalizing and externalizing problems at the third time point. Further analyses revealed that the indirect effects of paternal drinking on children's adjustment were significant, and that relations remained even after including autoregressive effects. Findings are discussed in terms of family process models for relations between parental drinking and child adjustment problems.
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Arria AM, Kuhn V, Caldeira KM, O'Grady KE, Vincent KB, Wish ED. High school drinking mediates the relationship between parental monitoring and college drinking: a longitudinal analysis. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2008; 3:6. [PMID: 18328095 PMCID: PMC2311290 DOI: 10.1186/1747-597x-3-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2007] [Accepted: 03/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background College drinking is a significant public health problem. Although parental monitoring and supervision reduces the risk for alcohol consumption among younger adolescents, few studies have investigated the impact of earlier parental monitoring on later college drinking. This study examined whether parental monitoring indirectly exerts a protective effect on college drinking by reducing high school alcohol consumption. Methods A longitudinal cohort of 1,253 male and female students, ages 17 to 19, attending a large, public, mid-Atlantic university was studied at two time points. First, data on high school parental monitoring and alcohol consumption were gathered via questionnaire during the summer prior to college entry. Second, during the first year of college, past-year alcohol consumption was measured via a personal interview. Multiple regression models tested the relationship between parental monitoring and past year alcohol use (i.e., number of drinks per drinking day). Results Holding constant demographics, SAT score, and religiosity, parental monitoring had a significant protective effect on both high school and college drinking level. However, the association between parental monitoring and college drinking level became non-significant once high school drinking level was held constant. Conclusion While parental monitoring did not directly influence college alcohol consumption, evidence for mediation was observed, whereby parental monitoring had an indirect influence on college drinking through reductions in high school drinking. Initiatives that promote effective parenting might be an important strategy to curb high-risk drinking among older adolescents. More research is needed to understand the nature and degree of parent-child communication that is necessary to extend the protective influence of parents into the college years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia M Arria
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (CESAR), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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Abstract
Zusammenfassung. In den letzten Jahren verbreitete sich das Rauschtrinken unter Jugendlichen in Deutschland. Als Einflussfaktoren gelten elterliches Erziehungsverhalten, Temperament, der Freundeskreis und Delinquenz, jedoch ist bislang wenig über das Zusammenwirken dieser Faktoren auf Rauschtrinken bekannt. Es werden Ergebnisse von 333 15-jährigen Jugendlichen der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie, einer Längsschnittstudie an einer Geburtskohorte, berichtet. Etwa ein Drittel der Jugendlichen hatte bereits mindestens einmal im Leben so viel Alkohol getrunken, dass die Kriterien des Rauschtrinkens erfüllt waren. Erwartungsgemäß waren darunter mehr 15-Jährige mit ausgeprägtem Neugierverhalten und einem sozial auffälligen Freundeskreis. Unabhängig davon hatte elterliches Aufsichtsverhalten einen protektiven Effekt auf das Ausmaß des Rauschtrinkens. Neugierverhalten wies nach Kontrolle für Delinquenz, Freundeskreis und Erziehungsverhalten keinen statistisch bedeutsamen Zusammenhang zu starkem Alkoholkonsum auf. Demnach sind ein auffälliger Freundeskreis und Delinquenz mögliche Risikofaktoren für Rauschtrinken, ein positives Verhältnis zu den Eltern kann jedoch einen sowohl direkten als auch indirekten Schutzfaktor darstellen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Blomeyer
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters am Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit Mannheim
| | - Martin H. Schmidt
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters am Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit Mannheim
| | - Manfred Laucht
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters am Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit Mannheim
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To explore recent developments in the literature regarding parenting practices and adolescent development, with a focus on parenting style, parental monitoring, communication, and supervision. RECENT FINDINGS There have been significant recent advances in the study of the relationship between parenting and adolescent development. Several recent intervention studies with a parenting component demonstrated immediate and long-term protective effects on adolescent risk behavior. Parent-child connectedness and authoritative parenting style are protective for teens. Parental monitoring has a protective effect on many adolescent risk behaviors in both middle-class populations and poor urban environments and has been shown both to moderate the effect of peer influence and to persist into late adolescence. Whereas unsupervised time, exposure to sexual possibility situations, and out-of-home care increase sexual behavior, improved parent-child communication reduces sexual risk behaviors. SUMMARY Recent scholarship demonstrates the significant, enduring, and protective influence of positive parenting practices on adolescent development. In particular, parental monitoring, open parent-child communication, supervision, and high quality of the parent-child relationship deter involvement in high-risk behavior. Authoritative parenting generally leads to the best outcomes for teens. Clinicians should find opportunities to discuss evidence-based parenting practices with families. Future research should focus on the development and long-term evaluation of effective parenting interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise R DeVore
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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