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Della-Felice F, de Andrade Bartolomeu A, Pilli RA. The phosphate ester group in secondary metabolites. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1066-1107. [PMID: 35420073 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00078k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 to mid-2021The phosphate ester is a versatile, widespread functional group involved in a plethora of biological activities. Its presence in secondary metabolites, however, is relatively rare compared to other functionalities and thus is part of a rather unexplored chemical space. Herein, the chemistry of secondary metabolites containing the phosphate ester group is discussed. The text emphasizes their structural diversity, biological and pharmacological profiles, and synthetic approaches employed in the phosphorylation step during total synthesis campaigns, covering the literature from 2000 to mid-2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Della-Felice
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | | | - Ronaldo Aloise Pilli
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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2
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The potent protein phosphatase 2A inhibitors aminocytostatins: new derivatives of cytostatin. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2021; 74:743-751. [PMID: 34290381 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-021-00455-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Specific inhibitors of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) mediate anticancer effects by augmenting the tumor-killing activity of natural killer (NK) cells. In this study, new PP2A inhibitors, aminocytostatins A-E, were isolated from Kitasatospora sp. MJ654-NF4 and structurally characterized. Aminocytostatins are derivatives of cytostatin, which is a specific PP2A inhibitor isolated from the same organism, and aminocytostatins have a characteristic amino group within the lactone moiety. Compared to cytostatin, aminocytostatin A showed a stronger inhibitory activity against PP2A in vitro and augmented the tumor-killing activity of NK cells in vivo. Furthermore, a docking model was generated to demonstrate the favorable activities of aminocytostatin A.
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3
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Gonela UM, Yadav JS. Synthesis of chiral propargyl alcohols following the base-induced elimination protocol: application in the total synthesis of natural products. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05626b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of enantiomerically pure propargyl alcohols is one of the most important tools in organic synthesis and “base-induced elimination of β-alkoxy chlorides” could offer the enantiomerically pure propargyl alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Maheshwar Gonela
- Natural Product Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Jhillu S. Yadav
- Natural Product Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
- School of Science
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4
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Trost BM, Knopf JD, Brindle CS. Synthetic Strategies Employed for the Construction of Fostriecin and Related Natural Products. Chem Rev 2016; 116:15035-15088. [PMID: 28027648 PMCID: PMC5720176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fostriecin and related natural products present a significant challenge for synthetic chemists due to their structural complexity and chemical sensitivity. This review will chronicle the successful efforts of synthetic chemists in the construction of these biologically active molecules. Key carbon-carbon bond forming reactions will be highlighted, as well as the methods used to install the numerous stereocenters present in this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M. Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
| | - Joshua D. Knopf
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity College, 300 Summit Street, Hartford, Connecticut 06106, United States
| | - Cheyenne S. Brindle
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity College, 300 Summit Street, Hartford, Connecticut 06106, United States
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5
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Synthesis and evaluation of (−)-Massoialactone and analogues as potential anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 76:291-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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6
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Petráčková D, Buriánková K, Tesařová E, Bobková Š, Bezoušková S, Benada O, Kofroňová O, Janeček J, Halada P, Weiser J. Surface hydrophobicity and roughness influences the morphology and biochemistry of streptomycetes during attached growth and differentiation. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2013; 342:147-56. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Petráčková
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i.; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Buriánková
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i.; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tesařová
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i.; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Bobková
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i.; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Silvia Bezoušková
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i.; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Oldřich Benada
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i.; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Olga Kofroňová
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i.; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Janeček
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i.; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Petr Halada
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i.; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Weiser
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i.; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague; Czech Republic
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7
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Yus M, González-Gómez JC, Foubelo F. Diastereoselective Allylation of Carbonyl Compounds and Imines: Application to the Synthesis of Natural Products. Chem Rev 2013; 113:5595-698. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400008h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Yus
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad
de Ciencias and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante,
Spain
| | - José C. González-Gómez
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad
de Ciencias and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante,
Spain
| | - Francisco Foubelo
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad
de Ciencias and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante,
Spain
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8
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Takeuchi T, Imai T, Ishi K, Saitoh T, Kuramochi K, Sugawara F. The anti-tumor antibiotic PD 113,271 binds to microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B). MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00080b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Gao D, O'Doherty GA. Total synthesis of fostriecin: via a regio- and stereoselective polyene hydration, oxidation, and hydroboration sequence. Org Lett 2010; 12:3752-5. [PMID: 20687585 DOI: 10.1021/ol101340n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A total synthesis of the fostriecin has been achieved in 24 steps from enyne 11. The lactone moiety was installed by a Leighton allylation and Grubbs ring-closing metathesis reaction. The highly reactive Z,Z,E-triene moiety was installed via a late-stage Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of a remarkably stable Z-vinyl boronate. The relative and absolute stereocenters of the C-8,9,11 triol were generated with a regio- and stereoselective asymmetric hydration/oxidation sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Burke CP, Swingle MR, Honkanen RE, Boger DL. Total synthesis and evaluation of phostriecin and key structural analogues. J Org Chem 2010; 75:7505-13. [PMID: 20669916 PMCID: PMC2978778 DOI: 10.1021/jo1010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Full details of the total synthesis of phostriecin (2), the assignment of its relative and absolute stereochemistry, and the resultant structural reassignment of the natural product previously represented as sultriecin (1), a phosphate versus sulfate monoester, are detailed. Studies with authentic material confirmed that phostriecin, but not sultriecin, is an effective and selective inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) defining a mechanism of action responsible for its antitumor activity. The extension of the studies to the synthesis and evaluation of a series of key synthetic analogues is disclosed that highlights the importance of the natural product phosphate monoester (vs sulfate or free alcohol, both inactive and >250-fold), the α,β-unsaturated lactone (12-fold), and the hydrophobic Z,Z,E-triene tail (C12-C22, ca. 200-fold) including the unique importance of its unsaturation (50-fold, and no longer PP2A selective).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P. Burke
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Mark R. Swingle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama 36688
| | - Richard E. Honkanen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama 36688
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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11
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Kasaplar P, Çakmak ÖY, Çağır A. Michael acceptor properties of 6-bicycloaryl substituted (R)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-ones. Bioorg Chem 2010; 38:186-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2010.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Revised: 06/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Gebhardt B, König CM, Schleth C, Dauber M, Koert U. Good timing in total synthesis: the case of phoslactomycin A. Chemistry 2010; 16:5934-41. [PMID: 20397250 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The importance for the right order of functional group introduction and manipulation (good timing) was demonstrated in the course of a total synthesis of phoslactomycin A. The synthetic strategy comprised a Cu(I)-thiophene carboxylate (CuTC, Liebeskind's reagent)-mediated coupling to introduce the Z,Z-diene at the final stage of the synthesis in the presence of a protected phosphate. Key features for the assembly of the C1-C13 fragment were an asymmetric dihydroxylation, an Evans-aldol reaction and an advanced protective group strategy. The C14-C21 fragment was accessible via an asymmetric 1,2-addition to cyclohexenone and a subsequent diastereoselective ketone reduction. One crucial task was the dihydroxylation of the C8-C9 alkene, the introduction of the C6-C7 double bond and the generation of the C25-nitrogen functionality. A second example consisted of the best sequence for the generation of the functional groups in the core part (first phosphorylation, second iodo-olefination, third azide/carbamate conversion). The synthetic solutions from this approach are compared with the already existing contributions in the phoslactomycin area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Gebhardt
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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13
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Burke CP, Haq N, Boger DL. Total synthesis, assignment of the relative and absolute stereochemistry, and structural reassignment of phostriecin (aka Sultriecin). J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:2157-9. [PMID: 20108904 PMCID: PMC2824046 DOI: 10.1021/ja9097252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A total synthesis of phostriecin (2), previously known as sultriecin (1), its structural reassignment as a phosphate versus sulfate monoester, and the assignment of its relative and absolute stereochemistry are disclosed herein. Key elements of the work, which provided first the originally assigned sulfate monoester 1 and then the reassigned and renamed phosphate monoester 2, relied on diagnostic (1)H NMR spectroscopic properties of the natural product for the assignment of relative and absolute stereochemistry as well as the subsequent structural reassignment, and a convergent asymmetric total synthesis to provide the unequivocal authentic materials. Key steps of the synthetic approach include a Brown allylation for diastereoselective introduction of the C9 stereochemistry, an asymmetric CBS reduction to establish the lactone C5-stereochemistry, diastereoselective oxidative ring expansion of an alpha-hydroxyfuran to access the pyran lactone precursor, and single-step installation of the sensitive Z,Z,E-triene unit through a chelation-controlled cuprate addition with installation of the C11 stereochemistry. The approach allows ready access to analogues that can now be used to probe important structural features required for protein phosphatase 2A inhibition, the mechanism of action defined herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P. Burke
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Nadia Haq
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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14
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Wada SI, Usami I, Umezawa Y, Inoue H, Ohba SI, Someno T, Kawada M, Ikeda D. Rubratoxin A specifically and potently inhibits protein phosphatase 2A and suppresses cancer metastasis. Cancer Sci 2009; 101:743-50. [PMID: 20028386 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01438.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cytostatin analog protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)-specific inhibitors are promising candidates of a new type of anticancer drug, their development has been hindered because of their liability. To find new classes of PP2A-specific inhibitors, we conducted a screening with microbial metabolites and found that rubratoxin A, a classical mycotoxin, is a highly specific and potent inhibitor of the enzyme. While rubratoxin A inhibits PP2A at Ki = 28.7 nm, it hardly inhibited any other phosphatases examined. Rubratoxin B, a close analog, also specifically but weakly inhibits PP2A at Ki = 3.1 microM. The inhibition of intracellular PP2A in cultured cells is obviously observed with 20 microM rubratoxin A treatment for 3 h, inducing the overphosphorylation in PP2A substrate proteins. Although rubratoxins and cytostatin differ in the apparent structures, these compounds share similarities in the structures in detail and PP2A-binding manners. Rubratoxin A showed higher suppression of tumor metastasis and reduction of the primary tumor volume than cytostatin in mouse experiments. As a successor of cytostatin analogs, rubratoxin A should be a good compound leading to the development of antitumor drugs targeting PP2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-ichi Wada
- Numazu Bio-Medical Research Institute, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Shizuoka
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15
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Salit AF, Meyer C, Cossy J, Delouvrié B, Hennequin L. Synthetic studies toward cytostatin, a natural product inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Lawhorn BG, Boga SB, Wolkenberg SE, Colby DA, Gauss CM, Swingle MR, Amable L, Honkanen RE, Boger DL. Total synthesis and evaluation of cytostatin, its C10-C11 diastereomers, and additional key analogues: impact on PP2A inhibition. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:16720-32. [PMID: 17177422 PMCID: PMC2566737 DOI: 10.1021/ja066477d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of cytostatin, an antitumor agent belonging to the fostriecin family of natural products, is described in full detail. The convergent approach relied on a key epoxide-opening reaction to join the two stereotriad units and a single-step late-stage stereoselective installation of the sensitive (Z,Z,E)-triene through a beta-chelation-controlled nucleophilic addition. The synthetic route provided rapid access to the C4-C6 stereoisomers of the cytostatin lactone, which were prepared and used to define the C4-C6 relative stereochemistry of the natural product. In addition to the natural product, each of the C10-C11 diastereomers of cytostatin was divergently prepared (11 steps from key convergence step) by this route and used to unequivocally confirm the relative and absolute stereochemistry of cytostatin. Each of the cytostatin diastereomers exhibited a reduced activity toward inhibition of PP2A (>100-fold), demonstrating the importance of the presence and stereochemistry of the C10-methyl and C11-hydroxy groups for potent PP2A inhibition. Extensions of the studies provided dephosphocytostatin, sulfocytostatin (a key analogue related to the natural product sultriecin), 11-deshydroxycytostatin, and an analogue lacking the entire C12-C18 (Z,Z,E)-triene segment, which were used to define the magnitude of the C9-phosphate (>4000-fold), C11-alcohol (250-fold), and triene (220-fold) contribution to PP2A inhibition. A model of cytostatin bound to the active site of PP2A is presented, compared to that of fostriecin, which is also presented in detail for the first time, and used to provide insights into the role of the key substituents. Notably, the alpha,beta unsaturated lactone of cytostatin, like that of fostriecin, is projected to serve as a key electrophile, providing a covalent adduct with Cys269 unique to PP2A, contributing to its potency (> or =200-fold for fostriecin) and accounting for its selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G. Lawhorn
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Sobhana B. Boga
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Scott E. Wolkenberg
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - David A. Colby
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Carla-Maria Gauss
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Mark R. Swingle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama 36688
| | - Lauren Amable
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama 36688
| | - Richard E. Honkanen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama 36688
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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Yadav J, Reddy MS, Prasad A. Stereoselective synthesis of polyketide precursors containing an anti-1,3-diol system via a Prins cyclisation and reductive cleavage sequence. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Yadav J, Reddy MS, Rao PP, Prasad A. Stereoselective synthesis of anti-1,3-diol units via Prins cyclisation: application to the synthesis of (−)-sedamine. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.04.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Marshall JA, Ellis K. Applications of chiral allenylzinc additions and Noyori asymmetric reductions to an enantioselective synthesis of a C3–C13 precursor of the polyketide phosphatase inhibitor cytostatin. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Marshall JA, Bourbeau MP. Synthesis of enantioenriched propargylic alcohols related to polyketide natural products. A comparison of methodologies. Org Lett 2003; 5:3197-9. [PMID: 12943386 DOI: 10.1021/ol034918h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Applications of methodology for the synthesis of propargylic alcohols related to polyketide natural products were examined. Noyori's asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of alpha-chiral alkynones was found to be highly selective and catalyst controlled. Additions of TMS acetylene to alpha-chiral aldehydes, catalyzed by a Ti(O-i-Pr)(4)-BINOL complex, were diastereoselective but substrate dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Marshall
- Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 400319 University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
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Kawada M, Kawatsu M, Masuda T, Ohba SI, Amemiya M, Kohama T, Ishizuka M, Takeuchi T. Specific inhibitors of protein phosphatase 2A inhibit tumor metastasis through augmentation of natural killer cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2003; 3:179-88. [PMID: 12586599 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(02)00231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Selective augmentation of natural killer (NK) cells can suppress tumor metastasis, but molecular targets for NK cell activation have not been identified. We report here that cytostatin (CTS), a novel specific inhibitor of protein phosphatase (PP) 2A, can inhibit B16 melanoma pulmonary metastasis by the expansion and activation of NK cells. CTS administration in vivo increased mRNA expression of Flt-3 ligand, one of NK-generating cytokines, in bone marrow cells. Phoslactomycin A and leustroducsin H, other specific inhibitors of PP2A, also augmented NK cell activity and inhibited lung metastasis, but a CTS analogue without inhibitory activity on PP2A and calyculin A, a dual inhibitor of PP1 and PP2A, did not. These results suggest that specific inhibition of PP2A can augment NK cells through upregulation of NK-generating cytokine and prophylaxis for pulmonary metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Kawada
- Institute for Chemotherapy, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan
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Izzo I, Del Gaudio P, Della Monica C, Squitieri M, De Riccardis F. Enantioselective Synthesis of Mono- and Disubstituted 3,6-Dihydro-2H-pyrans and 5,6-Dihydropyran-2-ones. HETEROCYCLES 2003. [DOI: 10.3987/com-03-9815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kawada M, Amemiya M, Ishizuka M, Takeuchi T. Cytostatin, an inhibitor of cell adhesion to extracellular matrix, selectively inhibits protein phosphatase 2A. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1452:209-17. [PMID: 10559474 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4889(99)00126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytostatin, which is isolated from a microbial cultured broth as a low molecular weight inhibitor of cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM), has anti-metastatic activity against B16 melanoma cells in vivo. In this study, we examined a target of cytostatin inhibiting cell adhesion to ECM. Cytostatin inhibited tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin upon B16 cell adhesion to fibronectin. While the amount of FAK was not affected by cytostatin, electrophoretically slow-migrating paxillin appeared. Alkaline phosphatase treatment diminished cytostatin-induced slow-migrating paxillin. Furthermore, cytostatin increased intracellular serine/threonine-phosphorylated proteins and was found to be a selective inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Cytostatin inhibited PP2A with an IC(50) of 0.09 microgram/ml in a non-competitive manner against a substrate, p-nitrophenyl phosphate, but it had no apparent effect on other protein phosphatases including PP1, PP2B and alkaline phosphatase even at 100 microgram/ml. On the contrary, dephosphocytostatin, a cytostatin analogue, without inhibitory effect on PP2A did not affect B16 cell adhesion including FAK and paxillin. These results indicate that cytostatin inhibits cell adhesion through modification of focal contact proteins such as paxillin by inhibiting a PP2A type protein serine/threonine phosphatase. This is the first report that describes a drug with anti-metastatic ability that inhibits PP2A selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kawada
- Institute for Chemotherapy, M.C.R.F., 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu-shi, Shizuoka, Japan
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Kawada M, Amemiya M, Ishizuka M, Takeuchi T. Differential induction of apoptosis in B16 melanoma and EL-4 lymphoma cells by cytostatin and bactobolin. Jpn J Cancer Res 1999; 90:219-25. [PMID: 10189893 PMCID: PMC5926052 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1999.tb00736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Most solid tumor cells are less sensitive to apoptosis induced by anticancer drugs than hematopoietic cancer cells. However, the mechanisms of the different responses to apoptosis in these cell types remain unknown. To explore this question, we used B16 melanoma and EL-4 lymphoma cells as solid tumor- and hematopoietic cancer-derived cell lines, and examined the effects of two apoptosis inducers, cytostatin and bactobolin, on both cell lines. Apoptosis in B16 cells was induced strongly by bactobolin, but weakly by cytostatin. In contrast, apoptosis in EL-4 cells was induced strongly by cytostatin, but weakly by bactobolin. While caspase-3 was activated upon induction of apoptosis in both cell lines, Ac-DEVD-CHO, a specific inhibitor of caspase-3, suppressed only the apoptosis in B16 cells. In B16 cells, cyclins E, A, and B1 were decreased by strongly apoptosis-inducing bactobolin prior to apoptosis commitment, but cyclin E was not decreased by weakly apoptosis-inducing cytostatin. On the other hand, in EL-4 cells cyclins D1, E, A, and B1 were decreased by strongly apoptosis-inducing cytostatin prior to apoptosis commitment, but neither cyclin A nor B1 was decreased by weakly apoptosis-inducing bactobolin. These results indicate that the dependency of apoptosis induction on caspase activity is different between the two cell lines. Furthermore, there may be an inverse correlation between specific cyclins and apoptosis induction in the two cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kawada
- Institute for Chemotherapy, M. C. R. F., Shizuoka
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Hill DC, Wrigley SK, Nisbet LJ. Novel screen methodologies for identification of new microbial metabolites with pharmacological activity. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 1998; 59:73-121. [PMID: 9435461 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0102297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Micro-organisms continue to provide an important source of chemical diversity for the discovery of compounds with new biological activities. Microbial metabolites discovered recently using assays to detect compounds with potential pharmacological utility are surveyed and found to represent an extensive range of structural types produced by a wide variety of organisms. Assays used for screening samples produced by microbial processes must be robust, sensitive and specific and able to operate above a background of potential interferences from a number of sources. Discovery assays currently in use fall into three main categories cell-based, receptor-ligand interaction and enzyme inhibition assays. Trends in the use of these assays and new developments in assay technology applicable to the screening of microbial samples are examined with particular reference to the high throughput screening environment. For microbial screening to be a competitive route to new drug leads, the disciplines involved must be engineered into a seamlessly integrated process to deliver novel compounds with the required biological properties rapidly.
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