1
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Flaxman HA, Chrysovergi MA, Han H, Kabir F, Lister RT, Chang CF, Yvon R, Black KE, Weigert A, Savai R, Egea-Zorrilla A, Pardo-Saganta A, Lagares D, Woo CM. Sanglifehrin A mitigates multiorgan fibrosis by targeting the collagen chaperone cyclophilin B. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e171162. [PMID: 38900587 PMCID: PMC11383833 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.171162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathological deposition and crosslinking of collagen type I by activated myofibroblasts drives progressive tissue fibrosis. Therapies that inhibit collagen synthesis have potential as antifibrotic agents. We identify the collagen chaperone cyclophilin B as a major cellular target of the natural product sanglifehrin A (SfA) using photoaffinity labeling and chemical proteomics. Mechanistically, SfA inhibits and induces the secretion of cyclophilin B from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and prevents TGF-β1-activated myofibroblasts from synthesizing and secreting collagen type I in vitro, without inducing ER stress or affecting collagen type I mRNA transcription, myofibroblast migration, contractility, or TGF-β1 signaling. In vivo, SfA induced cyclophilin B secretion in preclinical models of fibrosis, thereby inhibiting collagen synthesis from fibrotic fibroblasts and mitigating the development of lung and skin fibrosis in mice. Ex vivo, SfA induces cyclophilin B secretion and inhibits collagen type I secretion from fibrotic human lung fibroblasts and samples from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Taken together, we provide chemical, molecular, functional, and translational evidence for demonstrating direct antifibrotic activities of SfA in preclinical and human ex vivo fibrotic models. Our results identify the cellular target of SfA, the collagen chaperone cyclophilin B, as a mechanistic target for the treatment of organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope A Flaxman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria-Anna Chrysovergi
- Fibrosis Research Center, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hongwei Han
- Fibrosis Research Center, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Farah Kabir
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rachael T Lister
- Fibrosis Research Center, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chia-Fu Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Yvon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katharine E Black
- Fibrosis Research Center, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), DZL, Giessen, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alejandro Egea-Zorrilla
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), DZL, Giessen, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ana Pardo-Saganta
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), DZL, Giessen, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - David Lagares
- Fibrosis Research Center, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina M Woo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Kankanamge S, Bernhardt PV, Khalil ZG, Capon RJ. Miniaturized Cultivation Profiling (MATRIX)-Facilitated Discovery of Noonazines A-C and Noonaphilone A from an Australian Marine-Derived Fungus, Aspergillus noonimiae CMB-M0339. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:243. [PMID: 38921553 PMCID: PMC11204830 DOI: 10.3390/md22060243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Subjecting the Australian marine-derived fungus Aspergillus noonimiae CMB-M0339 to cultivation profiling using an innovative miniaturized 24-well plate format (MATRIX) enabled access to new examples of the rare class of 2,6-diketopiperazines, noonazines A-C (1-3), along with the known analogue coelomycin (4), as well as a new azaphilone, noonaphilone A (5). Structures were assigned to 1-5 on the basis of a detailed spectroscopic analysis, and in the case of 1-2, an X-ray crystallographic analysis. Plausible biosynthetic pathways are proposed for 1-4, involving oxidative Schiff base coupling/dimerization of a putative Phe precursor. Of note, 2 incorporates a rare meta-Tyr motif, typically only reported in a limited array of Streptomyces metabolites. Similarly, a plausible biosynthetic pathway is proposed for 5, highlighting a single point for stereo-divergence that allows for the biosynthesis of alternate antipodes, for example, the 7R noonaphilone A (5) versus the 7S deflectin 1a (6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarani Kankanamge
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.K.); (Z.G.K.)
| | - Paul V. Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Zeinab G. Khalil
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.K.); (Z.G.K.)
| | - Robert J. Capon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.K.); (Z.G.K.)
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3
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Lokhandwala J, Smalley TB, Tran TH. Structural perspectives on recent breakthrough efforts toward direct drugging of RAS and acquired resistance. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1394702. [PMID: 38841166 PMCID: PMC11150659 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1394702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncoprotein homolog (KRAS) is currently a primary focus of oncologists and translational scientists, driven by exciting results with KRAS-targeted therapies for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. While KRAS mutations continue to drive high cancer diagnosis and death, researchers have developed unique strategies to target KRAS variations. Having been investigated over the past 40 years and considered "undruggable" due to the lack of pharmacological binding pockets, recent breakthroughs and accelerated FDA approval of the first covalent inhibitors targeting KRASG12C, have largely sparked further drug development. Small molecule development has targeted the previously identified primary location alterations such as G12, G13, Q61, and expanded to address the emerging secondary mutations and acquired resistance. Of interest, the non-covalent KRASG12D targeting inhibitor MRTX-1133 has shown promising results in humanized pancreatic cancer mouse models and is seemingly making its way from bench to bedside. While this manuscript was under review a novel class of first covalent inhibitors specific for G12D was published, These so-called malolactones can crosslink both GDP and GTP bound forms of G12D. Inhibition of the latter state suppressed downstream signaling and cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in mouse xenografts. Moreover, a non-covalent pan-KRAS inhibitor, BI-2865, reduced tumor proliferation in cell lines and mouse models. Finally, the next generation of KRAS mutant-specific and pan-RAS tri-complex inhibitors have revolutionized RAS drug discovery. This review will give a structural biology perspective on the current generation of KRAS inhibitors through the lens of emerging secondary mutations and acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameela Lokhandwala
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Tracess B. Smalley
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Timothy H. Tran
- Chemical Biology Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
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4
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Holderfield M, Lee BJ, Jiang J, Tomlinson A, Seamon KJ, Mira A, Patrucco E, Goodhart G, Dilly J, Gindin Y, Dinglasan N, Wang Y, Lai LP, Cai S, Jiang L, Nasholm N, Shifrin N, Blaj C, Shah H, Evans JW, Montazer N, Lai O, Shi J, Ahler E, Quintana E, Chang S, Salvador A, Marquez A, Cregg J, Liu Y, Milin A, Chen A, Ziv TB, Parsons D, Knox JE, Klomp JE, Roth J, Rees M, Ronan M, Cuevas-Navarro A, Hu F, Lito P, Santamaria D, Aguirre AJ, Waters AM, Der CJ, Ambrogio C, Wang Z, Gill AL, Koltun ES, Smith JAM, Wildes D, Singh M. Concurrent inhibition of oncogenic and wild-type RAS-GTP for cancer therapy. Nature 2024; 629:919-926. [PMID: 38589574 PMCID: PMC11111408 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
RAS oncogenes (collectively NRAS, HRAS and especially KRAS) are among the most frequently mutated genes in cancer, with common driver mutations occurring at codons 12, 13 and 611. Small molecule inhibitors of the KRAS(G12C) oncoprotein have demonstrated clinical efficacy in patients with multiple cancer types and have led to regulatory approvals for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer2,3. Nevertheless, KRASG12C mutations account for only around 15% of KRAS-mutated cancers4,5, and there are no approved KRAS inhibitors for the majority of patients with tumours containing other common KRAS mutations. Here we describe RMC-7977, a reversible, tri-complex RAS inhibitor with broad-spectrum activity for the active state of both mutant and wild-type KRAS, NRAS and HRAS variants (a RAS(ON) multi-selective inhibitor). Preclinically, RMC-7977 demonstrated potent activity against RAS-addicted tumours carrying various RAS genotypes, particularly against cancer models with KRAS codon 12 mutations (KRASG12X). Treatment with RMC-7977 led to tumour regression and was well tolerated in diverse RAS-addicted preclinical cancer models. Additionally, RMC-7977 inhibited the growth of KRASG12C cancer models that are resistant to KRAS(G12C) inhibitors owing to restoration of RAS pathway signalling. Thus, RAS(ON) multi-selective inhibitors can target multiple oncogenic and wild-type RAS isoforms and have the potential to treat a wide range of RAS-addicted cancers with high unmet clinical need. A related RAS(ON) multi-selective inhibitor, RMC-6236, is currently under clinical evaluation in patients with KRAS-mutant solid tumours (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05379985).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alessia Mira
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Enrico Patrucco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Grace Goodhart
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Julien Dilly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Shurui Cai
- Revolution Medicines, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Oliver Lai
- Revolution Medicines, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Jade Shi
- Revolution Medicines, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jim Cregg
- Revolution Medicines, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Revolution Medicines, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | | | - Anqi Chen
- Revolution Medicines, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer E Klomp
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer Roth
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Rees
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Melissa Ronan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Antonio Cuevas-Navarro
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Feng Hu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Piro Lito
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Santamaria
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Andrew J Aguirre
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew M Waters
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Channing J Der
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chiara Ambrogio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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5
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Zhao X, Zhao X, Di W, Wang C. Inhibitors of Cyclophilin A: Current and Anticipated Pharmaceutical Agents for Inflammatory Diseases and Cancers. Molecules 2024; 29:1235. [PMID: 38542872 PMCID: PMC10974348 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29061235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin A, a widely prevalent cellular protein, exhibits peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity. This protein is predominantly located in the cytosol; additionally, it can be secreted by the cells in response to inflammatory stimuli. Cyclophilin A has been identified to be a key player in many of the biological events and is therefore involved in several diseases, including vascular and inflammatory diseases, immune disorders, aging, and cancers. It represents an attractive target for therapeutic intervention with small molecule inhibitors such as cyclosporin A. Recently, a number of novel inhibitors of cyclophilin A have emerged. However, it remains elusive whether and how many cyclophilin A inhibitors function in the inflammatory diseases and cancers. In this review, we discuss current available data about cyclophilin A inhibitors, including cyclosporin A and its derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, and peptide analogues, and outline the most recent advances in clinical trials of these agents. Inhibitors of cyclophilin A are poised to enhance our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms that underpin inflammatory diseases and cancers associated with cyclophilin A. This advancement will aid in the development of innovative pharmaceutical treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan 250000, China; (X.Z.); (W.D.)
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan 250000, China; (X.Z.); (W.D.)
| | - Weihua Di
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan 250000, China; (X.Z.); (W.D.)
| | - Chang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan 250000, China; (X.Z.); (W.D.)
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan 250000, China
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6
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Liu JO. Targeting cancer with molecular glues. Science 2023; 381:729-730. [PMID: 37590349 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Molecular glues suppress the active form of the oncogenic protein KRAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun O Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The SJ Yan and HJ Mao Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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7
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Schulze CJ, Seamon KJ, Zhao Y, Yang YC, Cregg J, Kim D, Tomlinson A, Choy TJ, Wang Z, Sang B, Pourfarjam Y, Lucas J, Cuevas-Navarro A, Santos CA, Vides A, Li C, Marquez A, Zhong M, Vemulapalli V, Weller C, Gould A, Whalen DM, Salvador A, Milin A, Saldajeno-Concar M, Dinglasan N, Chen A, Evans J, Knox JE, Koltun ES, Singh M, Nichols R, Wildes D, Gill AL, Smith JAM, Lito P. Chemical remodeling of a cellular chaperone to target the active state of mutant KRAS. Science 2023; 381:794-799. [PMID: 37590355 PMCID: PMC10474815 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg9652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of small-molecule inhibitors requires suitable binding pockets on protein surfaces. Proteins that lack this feature are considered undruggable and require innovative strategies for therapeutic targeting. KRAS is the most frequently activated oncogene in cancer, and the active state of mutant KRAS is such a recalcitrant target. We designed a natural product-inspired small molecule that remodels the surface of cyclophilin A (CYPA) to create a neomorphic interface with high affinity and selectivity for the active state of KRASG12C (in which glycine-12 is mutated to cysteine). The resulting CYPA:drug:KRASG12C tricomplex inactivated oncogenic signaling and led to tumor regressions in multiple human cancer models. This inhibitory strategy can be used to target additional KRAS mutants and other undruggable cancer drivers. Tricomplex inhibitors that selectively target active KRASG12C or multiple RAS mutants are in clinical trials now (NCT05462717 and NCT05379985).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle J. Seamon
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, 94063
| | - Yulei Zhao
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Yu C. Yang
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, 94063
| | - Jim Cregg
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, 94063
| | - Dongsung Kim
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Aidan Tomlinson
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, 94063
| | - Tiffany J. Choy
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, 94063
| | - Zhican Wang
- Department of Non-clinical Development and Clinical Pharmacology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, 94063
| | - Ben Sang
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Yasin Pourfarjam
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Jessica Lucas
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Antonio Cuevas-Navarro
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Carlos Ayala Santos
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Alberto Vides
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Chuanchuan Li
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Abby Marquez
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, 94063
| | - Mengqi Zhong
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, 94063
| | | | - Caroline Weller
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, 94063
| | - Andrea Gould
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, 94063
| | - Daniel M. Whalen
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, 94063
| | - Anthony Salvador
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, 94063
| | - Anthony Milin
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, 94063
| | - Mae Saldajeno-Concar
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, 94063
| | - Nuntana Dinglasan
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, 94063
| | - Anqi Chen
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, 94063
| | - Jim Evans
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, 94063
| | - John E. Knox
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, 94063
| | - Elena S. Koltun
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, 94063
| | - Mallika Singh
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, 94063
| | - Robert Nichols
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, 94063
| | - David Wildes
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, 94063
| | - Adrian L. Gill
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, 94063
| | | | - Piro Lito
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, 10065
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065
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8
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Gurung D, Danielson JA, Tasnim A, Zhang JT, Zou Y, Liu JY. Proline Isomerization: From the Chemistry and Biology to Therapeutic Opportunities. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1008. [PMID: 37508437 PMCID: PMC10376262 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Proline isomerization, the process of interconversion between the cis- and trans-forms of proline, is an important and unique post-translational modification that can affect protein folding and conformations, and ultimately regulate protein functions and biological pathways. Although impactful, the importance and prevalence of proline isomerization as a regulation mechanism in biological systems have not been fully understood or recognized. Aiming to fill gaps and bring new awareness, we attempt to provide a wholistic review on proline isomerization that firstly covers what proline isomerization is and the basic chemistry behind it. In this section, we vividly show that the cause of the unique ability of proline to adopt both cis- and trans-conformations in significant abundance is rooted from the steric hindrance of these two forms being similar, which is different from that in linear residues. We then discuss how proline isomerization was discovered historically followed by an introduction to all three types of proline isomerases and how proline isomerization plays a role in various cellular responses, such as cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair, T-cell activation, and ion channel gating. We then explore various human diseases that have been linked to the dysregulation of proline isomerization. Finally, we wrap up with the current stage of various inhibitors developed to target proline isomerases as a strategy for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Gurung
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Jacob A Danielson
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Afsara Tasnim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo College of Engineering, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Jian-Ting Zhang
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Yue Zou
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Jing-Yuan Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo College of Engineering, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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9
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Flaxman HA, Chrysovergi MA, Han H, Kabir F, Lister RT, Chang CF, Black KE, Lagares D, Woo CM. Sanglifehrin A mitigates multi-organ fibrosis in vivo by inducing secretion of the collagen chaperone cyclophilin B. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.09.531890. [PMID: 36945535 PMCID: PMC10028952 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.09.531890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pathological deposition and crosslinking of collagen type I by activated myofibroblasts drives progressive tissue fibrosis. Therapies that inhibit collagen synthesis by myofibroblasts have clinical potential as anti-fibrotic agents. Lysine hydroxylation by the prolyl-3-hydroxylase complex, comprised of cartilage associated protein, prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1, and cyclophilin B, is essential for collagen type I crosslinking and formation of stable fibers. Here, we identify the collagen chaperone cyclophilin B as a major cellular target of the macrocyclic natural product sanglifehrin A (SfA) using photo-affinity labeling and chemical proteomics. Our studies reveal a unique mechanism of action in which SfA binding to cyclophilin B in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) induces the secretion of cyclophilin B to the extracellular space, preventing TGF-β1-activated myofibroblasts from synthesizing collagen type I in vitro without inhibiting collagen type I mRNA transcription or inducing ER stress. In addition, SfA prevents collagen type I secretion without affecting myofibroblast contractility or TGF-β1 signaling. In vivo, we provide chemical, molecular, functional, and translational evidence that SfA mitigates the development of lung and skin fibrosis in mouse models by inducing cyclophilin B secretion, thereby inhibiting collagen synthesis from fibrotic fibroblasts in vivo . Consistent with these findings in preclinical models, SfA reduces collagen type I secretion from fibrotic human lung fibroblasts and precision cut lung slices from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a fatal fibrotic lung disease with limited therapeutic options. Our results identify the primary liganded target of SfA in cells, the collagen chaperone cyclophilin B, as a new mechanistic target for the treatment of organ fibrosis.
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10
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Wen Y, Zhang G, Bahadur A, Xu Y, Liu Y, Tian M, Ding W, Chen T, Zhang W, Liu G. Genomic Investigation of Desert Streptomyces huasconensis D23 Reveals Its Environmental Adaptability and Antimicrobial Activity. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2408. [PMID: 36557661 PMCID: PMC9784485 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The harsh climatic conditions of deserts may lead to unique adaptations of microbes, which could serve as potential sources of new metabolites to cope with environmental stresses. However, the mechanisms governing the environmental adaptability and antimicrobial activity of desert Streptomyces remain inadequate, especially in extreme temperature differences, drought conditions, and strong radiation. Here, we isolated a Streptomyces strain from rocks in the Kumtagh Desert in Northwest China and tested its antibacterial activity, resistance to UV-C irradiation, and tolerance to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The whole-genome sequencing was carried out to study the mechanisms underlying physiological characteristics and ecological adaptation from a genomic perspective. This strain has a growth inhibitory effect against a variety of indicator bacteria, and the highest antibacterial activity recorded was against Bacillus cereus. Moreover, strain D23 can withstand UV-C irradiation up to 100 J/m2 (D10 = 80 J/m2) and tolerate stress up to 70 mM H2O2. The genome prediction of strain D23 revealed the mechanisms associated with its adaptation to extreme environmental and stressful conditions. In total, 33 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) were predicted based on anti-SMASH. Gene annotation found that S. huasconensis D23 contains several genes and proteins associated with the biosynthesis of factors required to cope with environmental stress of temperature, UV radiation, and osmotic pressure. The results of this study provide information about the genome and BGCs of the strain S. huasconensis D23. The experimental results combined with the genome sequencing data show that antimicrobial activity and stress resistance of S. huasconensis D23 was due to the rich and diverse secondary metabolite production capacity and the induction of stress-responsive genes. The environmental adaptability and antimicrobial activity information presented here will be valuable for subsequent work regarding the isolation of bioactive compounds and provide insight into the ecological adaptation mechanism of microbes to extreme desert environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wen
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 100864, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 100864, Gansu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gaosen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 100864, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 100864, Gansu, China
| | - Ali Bahadur
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 100864, Gansu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 100864, Gansu, China
| | - Yeteng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 100864, Gansu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 100864, Gansu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 100864, Gansu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 100864, Gansu, China
| | - Mao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 100864, Gansu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 100864, Gansu, China
| | - Wei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Tuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 100864, Gansu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 100864, Gansu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 100864, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 100864, Gansu, China
| | - Guangxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 100864, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 100864, Gansu, China
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11
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Schiene‐Fischer C, Fischer G, Braun M. Non-Immunosuppressive Cyclophilin Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201597. [PMID: 35290695 PMCID: PMC9804594 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophilins, enzymes with peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase activity, are relevant to a large variety of biological processes. The most abundant member of this enzyme family, cyclophilin A, is the cellular receptor of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A (CsA). As a consequence of the pathophysiological role of cyclophilins, particularly in viral infections, there is a broad interest in cyclophilin inhibition devoid of immunosuppressive activity. This Review first gives an introduction into the physiological and pathophysiological roles of cyclophilins. The presentation of non-immunosuppressive cyclophilin inhibitors will commence with drugs based on chemical modifications of CsA. The naturally occurring macrocyclic sanglifehrins have become other lead structures for cyclophilin-inhibiting drugs. Finally, de novo designed compounds, whose structures are not derived from or inspired by natural products, will be presented. Relevant synthetic concepts will be discussed, but the focus will also be on biochemical studies, structure-activity relationships, and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordelia Schiene‐Fischer
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiotechnologyMartin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg06099Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Gunter Fischer
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry37077GöttingenGermany
| | - Manfred Braun
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryHeinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany
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12
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Simón Serrano S, Tavecchio M, Mallik J, Grönberg A, Elmér E, Kifagi C, Gallay P, Hansson MJ, Massoumi R. Synergistic Effects of Sanglifehrin-Based Cyclophilin Inhibitor NV651 with Cisplatin in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194553. [PMID: 36230472 PMCID: PMC9559492 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), commonly diagnosed at an advanced stage, is the most common primary liver cancer. Owing to a lack of effective HCC treatments and the commonly acquired chemoresistance, novel therapies need to be investigated. Cyclophilins-intracellular proteins with peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity-have been shown to play a key role in therapy resistance and cell proliferation. Here, we aimed to evaluate changes in the gene expression of HCC cells caused by cyclophilin inhibition in order to explore suitable combination treatment approaches, including the use of chemoagents, such as cisplatin. Our results show that the novel cyclophilin inhibitor NV651 decreases the expression of genes involved in several pathways related to the cancer cell cycle and DNA repair. We evaluated the potential synergistic effect of NV651 in combination with other treatments used against HCC in cisplatin-sensitive cells. NV651 showed a synergistic effect in inhibiting cell proliferation, with a significant increase in intrinsic apoptosis in combination with the DNA crosslinking agent cisplatin. This combination also affected cell cycle progression and reduced the capacity of the cell to repair DNA in comparison with a single treatment with cisplatin. Based on these results, we believe that the combination of cisplatin and NV651 may provide a novel approach to HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Simón Serrano
- Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
- Abliva AB, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, SE-233 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Michele Tavecchio
- Abliva AB, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, SE-233 81 Lund, Sweden
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC A13, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Josef Mallik
- Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Alvar Grönberg
- Abliva AB, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, SE-233 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Eskil Elmér
- Abliva AB, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, SE-233 81 Lund, Sweden
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC A13, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Chamseddine Kifagi
- NGS & OMICS Data Analysis (NODA) Consulting, Flöjtvägen 10b, SE-224 68 Lund, Sweden
| | - Philippe Gallay
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Magnus Joakim Hansson
- Abliva AB, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, SE-233 81 Lund, Sweden
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC A13, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ramin Massoumi
- Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-46-222-64-30
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13
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Buey RM, Fernández‐Justel D, Jiménez A, Revuelta JL. The gateway to guanine nucleotides: Allosteric regulation of IMP dehydrogenases. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4399. [PMID: 36040265 PMCID: PMC9375230 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is an evolutionarily conserved enzyme that mediates the first committed step in de novo guanine nucleotide biosynthetic pathway. It is an essential enzyme in purine nucleotide biosynthesis that modulates the metabolic flux at the branch point between adenine and guanine nucleotides. IMPDH plays key roles in cell homeostasis, proliferation, and the immune response, and is the cellular target of several drugs that are widely used for antiviral and immunosuppressive chemotherapy. IMPDH enzyme is tightly regulated at multiple levels, from transcriptional control to allosteric modulation, enzyme filamentation, and posttranslational modifications. Herein, we review recent developments in our understanding of the mechanisms of IMPDH regulation, including all layers of allosteric control that fine-tune the enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén M. Buey
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Department of Microbiology and GeneticsUniversidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - David Fernández‐Justel
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Department of Microbiology and GeneticsUniversidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Alberto Jiménez
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Department of Microbiology and GeneticsUniversidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - José L. Revuelta
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Department of Microbiology and GeneticsUniversidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain
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14
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Wei ZW, Niikura H, Morgan KD, Vacariu CM, Andersen RJ, Ryan KS. Free Piperazic Acid as a Precursor to Nonribosomal Peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13556-13564. [PMID: 35867963 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Piperazic acid (Piz) is a nonproteinogenic amino acid possessing a rare nitrogen-nitrogen bond. However, little is known about how Piz is incorporated into nonribosomal peptides, including whether adenylation domains specific to Piz exist. In this study, we show that free piperazic acid is directly adenylated and then incorporated into the incarnatapeptin nonribosomal peptides through isotopic incorporation studies. We also use in vitro reconstitution to demonstrate adenylation of free piperazic acid with a three-domain nonribosomal peptide synthetase from the incarnatapeptin gene cluster. We furthermore use bioinformatics and site-directed mutagenesis to outline consensus sequences for the adenylation of piperazic acid, which can now be used for the prediction of gene clusters linked to piperazic-acid-containing peptides. Finally, we discover a fusion protein of a piperazate synthase and an adenylation domain, highlighting the close biosynthetic relationship of piperazic acid formation and its adenylation. Altogether, our work demonstrates the evolution of biosynthetic systems for the activation of free piperazic acid through adenylation, a pathway we suggest is likely to be employed in the majority of pathways to piperazic-acid-containing peptides.
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15
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Sasso J, Tenchov R, Wang D, Johnson LS, Wang X, Zhou QA. Molecular Glues: The Adhesive Connecting Targeted Protein Degradation to the Clinic. Biochemistry 2022; 62:601-623. [PMID: 35856839 PMCID: PMC9910052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation is a rapidly exploding drug discovery strategy that uses small molecules to recruit disease-causing proteins for rapid destruction mainly via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It shows great potential for treating diseases such as cancer and infectious, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases, especially for those with "undruggable" pathogenic protein targets. With the recent rise of the "molecular glue" type of protein degraders, which tighten and simplify the connection of an E3 ligase with a disease-causing protein for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation, new therapies for unmet medical needs are being designed and developed. Here we use data from the CAS Content Collection and the publication landscape of recent research on targeted protein degraders to provide insights into these molecules, with a special focus on molecular glues. We also outline the advantages of the molecular glues and summarize the advances in drug discovery practices for molecular glue degraders. We further provide a thorough review of drug candidates in targeted protein degradation through E3 ligase recruitment. Finally, we highlight the progression of molecular glues in drug discovery pipelines and their targeted diseases. Overall, our paper provides a comprehensive reference to support the future development of molecular glues in medicine.
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16
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Braun M, Schiene-Fischer C, Fischer G. Non‐Immunosuppressive Cyclophilin Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Braun
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf: Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf Organic CHemistry Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf GERMANY
| | - Cordelia Schiene-Fischer
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, GERMANY
| | - Gunter Fischer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie Abteilung Meiosis: Max-Planck-Institut fur Multidisziplinare Naturwissenschaften Abteilung Meiosis Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry GERMANY
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17
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Role of NETosis in Central Nervous System Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3235524. [PMID: 35028005 PMCID: PMC8752220 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3235524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) injury is divided into brain injury and spinal cord injury and remains the most common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Previous reviews have defined numerous inflammatory cells involved in this process. In the human body, neutrophils comprise the largest numbers of myeloid leukocytes. Activated neutrophils release extracellular web-like DNA amended with antimicrobial proteins called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The formation of NETs was demonstrated as a new method of cell death called NETosis. As the first line of defence against injury, neutrophils mediate a variety of adverse reactions in the early stage, and we consider that NETs may be the prominent mediators of CNS injury. Therefore, exploring the specific role of NETs in CNS injury may help us shed some light on early changes in the disease. Simultaneously, we discovered that there is a link between NETosis and other cell death pathways by browsing other research, which is helpful for us to establish crossroads between known cell death pathways. Currently, there is a large amount of research concerning NETosis in various diseases, but the role of NETosis in CNS injury remains unknown. Therefore, this review will introduce the role of NETosis in CNS injury, including traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischaemia, CNS infection, Alzheimer's disease, and spinal cord injury, by describing the mechanism of NETosis, the evidence of NETosis in CNS injury, and the link between NETosis and other cell death pathways. Furthermore, we also discuss some agents that inhibit NETosis as therapies to alleviate the severity of CNS injury. NETosis may be a potential target for the treatment of CNS injury, so exploring NETosis provides a feasible therapeutic option for CNS injury in the future.
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18
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Tur J, Farrera C, Sánchez-Tilló E, Vico T, Guerrero-Gonzalez P, Fernandez-Elorduy A, Lloberas J, Celada A. Induction of CIITA by IFN-γ in macrophages involves STAT1 activation by JAK and JNK. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152114. [PMID: 34303919 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The induction of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II proteins by interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in macrophages play an important role during immune responses. Here we explore the signaling pathways involved in the induction by IFN-γ of the MHC II transactivator (CIIta) required for MHC II transcriptional activation. Cyclophilin A (CypA) is required for IFN-γ-dependent induction of MHC II in macrophages, but not when it is mediated by GM-CSF. The effect of CypA appears to be specific because it does not affect the expression of other molecules or genes triggered by IFN-γ, such as FcγR, NOS2, Lmp2, and Tap1. We found that CypA inhibition blocked the IFN-γ-induced expression of CIIta at the transcriptional level in two phases. In an early phase, during the first 2 h of IFN-γ treatment, STAT1 is phosphorylated at Tyrosine 701 and Serine 727, residues required for the induction of the transcription factor IRF1. In a later phase, STAT1 phosphorylation and JNK activation are required to trigger CIIta expression. CypA is needed for STAT1 phosphorylation in this last phase and to bind the CIIta promoter. Our findings demonstrate that STAT1 is required in a two-step induction of CIIta, once again highlighting the significance of cross talk between signaling pathways in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tur
- Macrophage Biology Group, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Consol Farrera
- Macrophage Biology Group, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Sánchez-Tilló
- Macrophage Biology Group, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tania Vico
- Macrophage Biology Group, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Guerrero-Gonzalez
- Macrophage Biology Group, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Fernandez-Elorduy
- Macrophage Biology Group, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Lloberas
- Macrophage Biology Group, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antonio Celada
- Macrophage Biology Group, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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19
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Chang C, Flaxman HA, Woo CM. Enantioselective Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Sanglifehrin A and B and Analogs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐Fu Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford St Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Hope A. Flaxman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford St Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Christina M. Woo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford St Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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20
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Wu YJ, Meanwell NA. Geminal Diheteroatomic Motifs: Some Applications of Acetals, Ketals, and Their Sulfur and Nitrogen Homologues in Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9786-9874. [PMID: 34213340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acetals and ketals and their nitrogen and sulfur homologues are often considered to be unconventional and potentially problematic scaffolding elements or pharmacophores for the design of orally bioavailable drugs. This opinion is largely a function of the perception that such motifs might be chemically unstable under the acidic conditions of the stomach and upper gastrointestinal tract. However, even simple acetals and ketals, including acyclic molecules, can be sufficiently robust under acidic conditions to be fashioned into orally bioavailable drugs, and these structural elements are embedded in many effective therapeutic agents. The chemical stability of molecules incorporating geminal diheteroatomic motifs can be modulated by physicochemical design principles that include the judicious deployment of proximal electron-withdrawing substituents and conformational restriction. In this Perspective, we exemplify geminal diheteroatomic motifs that have been utilized in the discovery of orally bioavailable drugs or drug candidates against the backdrop of understanding their potential for chemical lability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jin Wu
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Department of Discovery and Chemistry and Molecular Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb PRI, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
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21
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Chang CF, Flaxman HA, Woo CM. Enantioselective Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Sanglifehrin A and B and Analogs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17045-17052. [PMID: 34014025 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sanglifehrin A and B are immunosuppressive macrocyclic natural products endowed with and differentiated by a unique spirocyclic lactam. Herein, we report an enantioselective total synthesis and biological evaluation of sanglifehrin A and B and analogs. Access to the spirocyclic lactam was achieved through convergent assembly of a key pyranone intermediate followed by a stereo-controlled spirocyclization. The 22-membered macrocyclic core was synthesized by ring-closing metathesis in the presence of 2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl) benzeneboronic acid (BFBB). The spirocyclic lactam and macrocycle fragments were united by a Stille coupling to furnish sanglifehrin A and B. Additional sanglifehrin B analogs with variation at the C40 position were additionally prepared. Biological evaluation revealed that the 2-CF3 analog of sanglifehrin B exhibited higher anti-proliferative activity than the natural products sanglifehrin A and B in Jurkat cells. Both natural products induced higher-order homodimerization of cyclophilin A (CypA), but only sanglifehrin A promoted CypA complexation with inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2). The synthesis reported herein will enable further evaluation of the spirolactam and its contribution to sanglifehrin-dependent immunosuppressive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Fu Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Hope A Flaxman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Christina M Woo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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22
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Normandin C, Malouin F, Marsault E. Gram-Scale Synthesis of Tomatidine, a Steroid Alkaloid with Antibiotic Properties Against Persistent Forms of Staphylococcus aureus. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chad Normandin
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke; Université de Sherbrooke; 3001, 12th Avenue N J1H 5N4 Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - François Malouin
- Département de Biologie; Université de Sherbrooke; 2500 Boul. de l'Université J1K 2X9 Sherbrooke Québec Canada
| | - Eric Marsault
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke; Université de Sherbrooke; 3001, 12th Avenue N J1H 5N4 Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
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23
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Mitochondrial permeability transition pore is involved in oxidative burst and NETosis of human neutrophils. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165664. [PMID: 31926265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in response to numerous pathogenic microbes as the last suicidal resource (NETosis) in the fight against infection. Apart from the host defense function, NETs play an essential role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms of NETosis is important for regulating aberrant NET release. The initiation of NETosis after the recognition of pathogens by specific receptors is mediated by an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, therefore, the use of Ca2+ ionophore A23187 can be considered a semi-physiological model of NETosis. Induction of NETosis by various stimuli depends on reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidase, however, NETosis induced by Ca2+ ionophores was suggested to be mediated by ROS produced in mitochondria (mtROS). Using the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 and specific inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, we showed that both sources of ROS, mitochondria and NADPH oxidase, are involved in NETosis induced by A23187 in human neutrophils. In support of the critical role of mtROS, SkQ1-sensitive NETosis was demonstrated to be induced by A23187 in neutrophils from patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). We assume that Ca2+-triggered mtROS production contributes to NETosis either directly (CGD neutrophils) or by stimulating NADPH oxidase. The opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in neutrophils treated by A23187 was revealed using the electron transmission microscopy as a swelling of the mitochondrial matrix. Using specific inhibitors, we demonstrated that the mPTP is involved in mtROS production, NETosis, and the oxidative burst induced by A23187.
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24
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Ma-Lauer Y, Zheng Y, Malešević M, von Brunn B, Fischer G, von Brunn A. Influences of cyclosporin A and non-immunosuppressive derivatives on cellular cyclophilins and viral nucleocapsid protein during human coronavirus 229E replication. Antiviral Res 2019; 173:104620. [PMID: 31634494 PMCID: PMC7114175 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The well-known immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A inhibits replication of various viruses including coronaviruses by binding to cellular cyclophilins thus inactivating their cis-trans peptidyl-prolyl isomerase function. Viral nucleocapsid proteins are inevitable for genome encapsidation and replication. Here we demonstrate the interaction between the N protein of HCoV-229E and cyclophilin A, not cyclophilin B. Cyclophilin inhibitors abolish this interaction. Upon infection, cyclophilin A stays evenly distributed throughout the cell, whereas cyclophilin B concentrates at ER-bleb-like structures. We further show the inhibitory potential of non-immunosuppressive CsA derivatives Alisporivir, NIM811, compound 3 on HCoV-229E-GFP and -Luciferase replication in human Huh-7.5 hepatoma cells at 18 and 48 h time points post infection with EC50 s at low micromolar ranges. Thus, non-immunosuppressive CsA derivatives effectively inhibit HCoV-229E replication suggesting them as possible candidates for the treatment of HCoV infection. The interruption of interaction between CypA and N protein by CsA and its derivatives suggest a mechanism how CypA inhibitors suppress viral replication. HCoV-229E replication is inhibited by Alisporivir, NIM811 and other non-immunosuppressive Cyclosporin A derivatives. HCoV-229E N protein interacts with cyclophilin A. Cyclophilin A is required for coronavirus replication. Cyclophilin B concentrates in bleb-like structures of the ER in HCoV-infected Huh7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma-Lauer
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Yu Zheng
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Miroslav Malešević
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Brigitte von Brunn
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Gunter Fischer
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysical Chemistry Goettingen, BO Halle, Germany
| | - Albrecht von Brunn
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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25
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Hu Y, Qi Y, Stumpf SD, D’Alessandro JM, Blodgett JAV. Bioinformatic and Functional Evaluation of Actinobacterial Piperazate Metabolism. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:696-703. [PMID: 30921511 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Piperazate (Piz) is a nonproteinogenic amino acid noted for its unusual N-N bond motif. Piz is a proline mimic that imparts conformational rigidity to peptides. Consequently, piperazyl molecules are often bioactive and desirable for therapeutic exploration. The in vitro characterization of Kutzneria enzymes KtzI and KtzT recently led to a biosynthetic pathway for Piz. However, Piz anabolism in vivo has remained completely uncharacterized. Herein, we describe the systematic interrogation of actinobacterial Piz metabolism using a combination of bioinformatics, genetics, and select biochemistry. Following studies in Streptomyces flaveolus, Streptomyces lividans, and several environmental Streptomyces isolates, our data suggest that KtzI-type enzymes are conditionally dispensable for Piz production. We also demonstrate the feasibility of Piz monomer production using engineered actinobacteria for the first time. Finally, we show that some actinobacteria employ fused KtzI-KtzT chimeric enzymes to produce Piz. Our findings have implications for future piperazyl drug discovery, pathway engineering, and fine chemical bioproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Hu
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Yunci Qi
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Spencer D. Stumpf
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - John M. D’Alessandro
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Joshua A. V. Blodgett
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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26
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Abstract
Natural products (NPs) are important sources of clinical drugs due to their structural diversity and biological prevalidation. However, the structural complexity of NPs leads to synthetic difficulties, unfavorable pharmacokinetic profiles, and poor drug-likeness. Structural simplification by truncating unnecessary substructures is a powerful strategy for overcoming these limitations and improving the efficiency and success rate of NP-based drug development. Herein, we will provide a comprehensive review of the structural simplification of NPs with a focus on design strategies, case studies, and new technologies. In particular, a number of successful examples leading to marketed drugs or drug candidates will be discussed in detail to illustrate how structural simplification is applied in lead optimization of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzheng Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai , 200433 , P.R. China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Fourth Military Medical University , 169 Changle West Road , Xi'an , 710032 , P.R. China
| | - Guoqiang Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai , 200433 , P.R. China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai , 200433 , P.R. China
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27
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A Abdullah A, Abdullah R, A Nazariah Z, N Balakrishnan K, Firdaus J Abdullah F, A Bala J, Mohd-Lila MA. Cyclophilin A as a target in the treatment of cytomegalovirus infections. Antivir Chem Chemother 2018; 26:2040206618811413. [PMID: 30449131 PMCID: PMC6243413 DOI: 10.1177/2040206618811413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viruses are obligate parasites that depend on the cellular machinery of the host to regenerate and manufacture their proteins. Most antiviral drugs on the market today target viral proteins. However, the more recent strategies involve targeting the host cell proteins or pathways that mediate viral replication. This new approach would be effective for most viruses while minimizing drug resistance and toxicity. METHODS Cytomegalovirus replication, latency, and immune response are mediated by the intermediate early protein 2, the main protein that determines the effectiveness of drugs in cytomegalovirus inhibition. This review explains how intermediate early protein 2 can modify the action of cyclosporin A, an immunosuppressive, and antiviral drug. It also links all the pathways mediated by cyclosporin A, cytomegalovirus replication, and its encoded proteins. RESULTS Intermediate early protein 2 can influence the cellular cyclophilin A pathway, affecting cyclosporin A as a mediator of viral replication or anti-cytomegalovirus drug. CONCLUSION Cyclosporin A has a dual function in cytomegalovirus pathogenesis. It has the immunosuppressive effect that establishes virus replication through the inhibition of T-cell function. It also has an anti-cytomegalovirus effect mediated by intermediate early protein 2. Both of these functions involve cyclophilin A pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwaq A Abdullah
- 1 Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
- 2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Rasedee Abdullah
- 1 Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
- 3 Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
| | - Zeenathul A Nazariah
- 1 Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
- 4 Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
| | - Krishnan N Balakrishnan
- 4 Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
| | - Faez Firdaus J Abdullah
- 5 Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
| | - Jamilu A Bala
- 4 Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
- 6 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Mohd-Azmi Mohd-Lila
- 1 Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
- 4 Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
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28
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Pua KH, Stiles DT, Sowa ME, Verdine GL. IMPDH2 Is an Intracellular Target of the Cyclophilin A and Sanglifehrin A Complex. Cell Rep 2017; 18:432-442. [PMID: 28076787 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have demonstrated utility in the clinic and can also act as probes to understand complex cellular pathways. Sanglifehrin A (SFA) is a mixed polyketide and non-ribosomal peptide synthase natural product with sub-nano-molar affinity for its receptor cyclophilin A (PPIA). It has been shown to behave in vitro as an immune suppressant. Here, we identify inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2) as an intracellular target of the PPIA-SFA binary complex. The formation of this ternary complex does not inhibit the enzymatic activity of IMPDH2. Rather, ternary complex formation modulates cell growth through interaction with the cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) domain of IMPDH2. We further demonstrate that the SFA complex is highly isoform selective for IMPDH2 (versus IMPDH1). This work reveals a role for the CBS domains of IMPDH2 in cellular proliferation, suggesting a more complex role than previously suspected for IMPDH2 in T cell activation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khian Hong Pua
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Warp Drive Bio, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dylan T Stiles
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Warp Drive Bio, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mathew E Sowa
- Warp Drive Bio, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gregory L Verdine
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Warp Drive Bio, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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29
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Prescher H, Koch G, Schuhmann T, Ertl P, Bussenault A, Glick M, Dix I, Petersen F, Lizos DE. Construction of a 3D-shaped, natural product like fragment library by fragmentation and diversification of natural products. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:921-925. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Steadman VA, Pettit SB, Poullennec KG, Lazarides L, Keats AJ, Dean DK, Stanway SJ, Austin CA, Sanvoisin JA, Watt GM, Fliri HG, Liclican AC, Jin D, Wong MH, Leavitt SA, Lee YJ, Tian Y, Frey CR, Appleby TC, Schmitz U, Jansa P, Mackman RL, Schultz BE. Discovery of Potent Cyclophilin Inhibitors Based on the Structural Simplification of Sanglifehrin A. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1000-1017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Steadman
- Selcia Ltd., Fyfield Business & Research Park, Fyfield Road, Ongar, Essex CM5 0GS, United Kingdom
| | - Simon B. Pettit
- Selcia Ltd., Fyfield Business & Research Park, Fyfield Road, Ongar, Essex CM5 0GS, United Kingdom
| | - Karine G. Poullennec
- Selcia Ltd., Fyfield Business & Research Park, Fyfield Road, Ongar, Essex CM5 0GS, United Kingdom
| | - Linos Lazarides
- Selcia Ltd., Fyfield Business & Research Park, Fyfield Road, Ongar, Essex CM5 0GS, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Keats
- Selcia Ltd., Fyfield Business & Research Park, Fyfield Road, Ongar, Essex CM5 0GS, United Kingdom
| | - David K. Dean
- Selcia Ltd., Fyfield Business & Research Park, Fyfield Road, Ongar, Essex CM5 0GS, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J. Stanway
- Selcia Ltd., Fyfield Business & Research Park, Fyfield Road, Ongar, Essex CM5 0GS, United Kingdom
| | - Carol A. Austin
- Selcia Ltd., Fyfield Business & Research Park, Fyfield Road, Ongar, Essex CM5 0GS, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan A. Sanvoisin
- Selcia Ltd., Fyfield Business & Research Park, Fyfield Road, Ongar, Essex CM5 0GS, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory M. Watt
- Selcia Ltd., Fyfield Business & Research Park, Fyfield Road, Ongar, Essex CM5 0GS, United Kingdom
| | - Hans G. Fliri
- Cypralis Ltd., Babraham Research
Campus, Cambridge CB22
3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Albert C. Liclican
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside
Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Debi Jin
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside
Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Melanie H. Wong
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside
Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Stephanie A. Leavitt
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside
Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Yu-Jen Lee
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside
Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Yang Tian
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside
Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Christian R. Frey
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside
Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Todd C. Appleby
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside
Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Uli Schmitz
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside
Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Petr Jansa
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside
Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Richard L. Mackman
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside
Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Brian E. Schultz
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside
Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
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31
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Montaña ÁM, Barcia J, Corominas A. Synthetic methodology to prepare polysubstituted 2-aminopyrans. Synthesis of the C32–C38 subunit of immunosuppressant sanglifehrin A. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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32
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Lapp T, Maier P, Birnbaum F, Schlunck G, Reinhard T. [Immunosuppressives to prevent rejection reactions after allogeneic corneal transplantation]. Ophthalmologe 2015; 111:270-82. [PMID: 24633461 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-013-3016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to prevent rejection of an allogeneic corneal transplant after perforating (high risk) keratoplasty, active agents from different classes of pharmacological substances are used, as with solid organ transplantation. In addition to glucocorticoids, antiproliferative agents, small molecule inhibitors and antibodies, those belonging to the group of macrolides with their many derivatives represent an interesting class of substances in this context. As a supplement to cyclosporin A (CSA) the most successful macrolide in transplantation medicine, animal experiments are currently being carried out to test newer macrolide derivatives, such as sanglifehrin A (SFA). This overview describes the classes of drugs and modes of action of currently administered standard medications in the clinical routine and new developments are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lapp
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, 79106, Freiburg im Breisgau, Deutschland,
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33
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Suttisintong K, White JD. Synthesis of Two Subunits of the Macrolide Domain of the Immunosuppressive Agent Sanglifehrin A and Assembly of a Macrolactone Precursor. Application of Masamune anti-Aldol Condensation. J Org Chem 2015; 80:2249-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5027595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khomson Suttisintong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - James D. White
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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34
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Alam MR, Baetz D, Ovize M. Cyclophilin D and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: a fresh perspective. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 78:80-9. [PMID: 25281838 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Reperfusion is characterized by a deregulation of ion homeostasis and generation of reactive oxygen species that enhance the ischemia-related tissue damage culminating in cell death. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) has been established as an important mediator of ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced necrotic cell death. Although a handful of proteins have been proposed to contribute in mPTP induction, cyclophilin D (CypD) remains its only bona fide regulatory component. In this review we summarize existing knowledge on the involvement of CypD in mPTP formation in general and its relevance to cardiac IR injury in specific. Moreover, we provide insights of recent advancements on additional functions of CypD depending on its interaction partners and post-translational modifications. Finally we emphasize the therapeutic strategies targeting CypD in myocardial IR injury. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Mitochondria: From Basic Mitochondrial Biology to Cardiovascular Disease".
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan Alam
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, F-69373 Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Baetz
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, F-69373 Lyon, France
| | - Michel Ovize
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, F-69373 Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires & CIC de Lyon, F-69394 Lyon, France.
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35
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Nath PR, Isakov N. Insights into peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerase structure and function in immunocytes. Immunol Lett 2015; 163:120-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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36
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Structure and Synthesis of Conformationally Constrained Molecules Containing Piperazic Acid. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2015_185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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37
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Grammatikopoulou M, Thysiadis S, Sarli V. Gold-catalyzed spiro-N,O-ketal synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1169-78. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02050b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for the synthesis of spiro-N,O-ketals with 5- and 6-membered rings was developed via a gold-catalyzed spiroamidoketalization of alkynyl amidoalcohols under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Grammatikopoulou
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
- University Campus
- 54124 Thessaloniki
- Greece
| | - S. Thysiadis
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
- University Campus
- 54124 Thessaloniki
- Greece
| | - V. Sarli
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
- University Campus
- 54124 Thessaloniki
- Greece
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38
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Lawen A. Biosynthesis of cyclosporins and other natural peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase inhibitors. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1850:2111-20. [PMID: 25497210 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peptidyl-prolyl-cis/trans-isomerases (PPIases) are ubiquitously expressed and have been implicated in a wide range of biological functions. Their inhibition is beneficial in immunosuppression, cancer treatment, treatment of autoimmune diseases, protozoan and viral infections. SCOPE OF REVIEW Three classes of PPIases are known, each class having their own specific inhibitors. This review will cover the present knowledge on the biosynthesis of the natural PPIase inhibitors. These include for the cyclophilins: the cyclosporins, the analogues of peptolide SDZ 214-103 and the sanglifehrins; for the FKBPs: ascomycin, rapamycin and FK506 and for the parvulins the naphtoquinone juglone. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Over the last thirty years much progress has been made in understanding PPIase function and the biosynthesis of natural PPIase inhibitors. Non-immunosuppressive analogues were discovered and served as lead compounds for the development of novel antiviral drugs. There are, however, still unsolved questions which deserve further research into this exciting field. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE As all the major natural inhibitors of the cyclophilins and FKBPs are synthesized by complex non-ribosomal peptide synthetases and/or polyketide synthases, total chemical synthesis is not a viable option. Thus, fully understanding the modular enzyme systems involved in their biosynthesis may help engineering enzymes capable of synthesizing novel PPIase inhibitors with improved functions for a wide range of conditions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Proline-directed Foldases: Cell signaling catalysts and drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfons Lawen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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39
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Radhika L, Chandrasekhar S. Synthesis of the Southern Tripeptide (C1–N12) of Sanglifehrins Using Asymmetric Organocatalysis. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2014.947653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laghuvarapu Radhika
- a Division of Natural Products Chemistry , CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad , India
| | - Srivari Chandrasekhar
- a Division of Natural Products Chemistry , CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad , India
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40
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Sweeney ZK, Fu J, Wiedmann B. From chemical tools to clinical medicines: nonimmunosuppressive cyclophilin inhibitors derived from the cyclosporin and sanglifehrin scaffolds. J Med Chem 2014; 57:7145-59. [PMID: 24831536 DOI: 10.1021/jm500223x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cyclophilins are widely expressed enzymes that catalyze the interconversion of the cis and trans peptide bonds of prolines. The immunosuppressive natural products cyclosporine A and sanglifehrin A inhibit the enzymatic activity of the cyclophilins. Chemical modification of both the cyclosporine and sanglifehrin scaffolds has produced many analogues that inhibit cyclophilins in vitro but have reduced immunosuppressive properties. Three nonimmunosuppressive cyclophilin inhibitors (alisporivir, SCY-635, and NIM811) have demonstrated clinical efficacy for the treatment of hepatitis C infection. Additional candidates are in various stages of preclinical development for the treatment of hepatitis C or myocardial reperfusion injury. Recent publications suggest that cyclophilin inhibitors may have utility for the treatment of diverse viral infections, inflammatory indications, and cancer. In this review, we document the structure-activity relationships of the nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporins and sanglifehrins in clinical and preclinical development. Aspects of the pharmacokinetic behavior and chemical biology of these drug candidates are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary K Sweeney
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
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41
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Singh Yadav J, Sekhar Mandal S, Srihari P. Formal Total Synthesis of Stevastelins B and B3. Helv Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201300255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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42
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Yadav JS, Raghavendra Rao KV, Kavita A, Mohapatra DK. Stereoselective Synthesis of the C31-C41 Spirolactam Fragment of Sanglifehrin A. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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43
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White JD, Suttisintong K. Synthesis of the Tripeptide Domain of Sanglifehrins Using Asymmetric Phase-Transfer Catalysis. J Org Chem 2013; 78:2757-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3027214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James D. White
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Khomson Suttisintong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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Bobardt M, Hopkins S, Baugh J, Chatterji U, Hernandez F, Hiscott J, Sluder A, Lin K, Gallay PA. HCV NS5A and IRF9 compete for CypA binding. J Hepatol 2013; 58:16-23. [PMID: 22902549 PMCID: PMC3527675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cyclophilin A (CypA) is vital for HCV replication. Cyp inhibitors successfully decrease viral loads in HCV-infected patients. However, their mechanisms of action remain unknown. Since interferon (IFN) can also suppress HCV replication, we asked whether a link between CypA and the IFN response exists. METHODS We used cellular and recombinant pulldown approaches to investigate the possibility of a specific association of CypA with host ligands. RESULTS We found for the first time that CypA binds to a major component of the IFN response - the IFN regulatory factor 9 (IRF9). IRF9 is the DNA-binding component of the transcriptional IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3). CypA binds directly to IRF9 via its peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) pocket. Cyp inhibitors such as cyclosporine A (CsA) or non-immunosuppressive derivates such as alisporivir and SCY-635, prevent IRF9-CypA complex formation. CypA binds to the C-terminal IRF-association-domain (IAD), but not to the DNA-binding or linker domains of IRF9. Remarkably, CypA associates with the multimeric ISGF3 complex. We also obtained evidence that CypA neutralization enhances IFN-induced transcription. Interestingly, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural 5A (NS5A) protein, which is known to modulate the IFN response, competes with IRF9 for CypA binding and can prevent the formation of IRF9-CypA complexes. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that CypA binds specifically to a component of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway, IRF9. This study also reveals a novel opportunity of HCV to modulate the IFN response via NS5A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bobardt
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Sam Hopkins
- SCYNEXIS, Inc., Durham, North Carolina 27713, USA
| | - James Baugh
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Udayan Chatterji
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Felicia Hernandez
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - John Hiscott
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, USA
| | - Ann Sluder
- SCYNEXIS, Inc., Durham, North Carolina 27713, USA
| | - Kai Lin
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Philippe A. Gallay
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Nicolaou KC, Hale CRH, Nilewski C, Ioannidou HA. Constructing molecular complexity and diversity: total synthesis of natural products of biological and medicinal importance. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:5185-238. [PMID: 22743704 PMCID: PMC3426871 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35116a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The advent of organic synthesis and the understanding of the molecule as they occurred in the nineteenth century and were refined in the twentieth century constitute two of the most profound scientific developments of all time. These discoveries set in motion a revolution that shaped the landscape of the molecular sciences and changed the world. Organic synthesis played a major role in this revolution through its ability to construct the molecules of the living world and others like them whose primary element is carbon. Although the early beginnings of organic synthesis came about serendipitously, organic chemists quickly recognized its potential and moved decisively to advance and exploit it in myriad ways for the benefit of mankind. Indeed, from the early days of the synthesis of urea and the construction of the first carbon-carbon bond, the art of organic synthesis improved to impressively high levels of sophistication. Through its practice, today chemists can synthesize organic molecules--natural and designed--of all types of structural motifs and for all intents and purposes. The endeavor of constructing natural products--the organic molecules of nature--is justly called both a creative art and an exact science. Often called simply total synthesis, the replication of nature's molecules in the laboratory reflects and symbolizes the state of the art of synthesis in general. In the last few decades a surge in total synthesis endeavors around the world led to a remarkable collection of achievements that covers a wide ranging landscape of molecular complexity and diversity. In this article, we present highlights of some of our contributions in the field of total synthesis of natural products of biological and medicinal importance. For perspective, we also provide a listing of selected examples of additional natural products synthesized in other laboratories around the world over the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Moss SJ, Bobardt M, Leyssen P, Coates N, Chatterji U, Dejian X, Foster T, Liu J, Nur-e-Alam M, Suthar D, Yongsheng C, Warneck T, Zhang MQ, Neyts J, Gallay P, Wilkinson B, Gregory MA. Sangamides, a new class of cyclophilin-inhibiting host-targeted antivirals for treatment of HCV infection. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00227a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Qu X, Lei C, Liu W. Transcriptome mining of active biosynthetic pathways and their associated products in Streptomyces flaveolus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:9651-4. [PMID: 21948600 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201103085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
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Qu X, Lei C, Liu W. Transcriptome Mining of Active Biosynthetic Pathways and Their Associated Products in Streptomyces flaveolus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201103085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Qu X, Jiang N, Xu F, Shao L, Tang G, Wilkinson B, Liu W. Cloning, sequencing and characterization of the biosynthetic gene cluster of sanglifehrin A, a potent cyclophilin inhibitor. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2011; 7:852-61. [PMID: 21416665 DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00234h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sanglifehrin A (SFA), a potent cyclophilin inhibitor produced by Streptomyces flaveolus DSM 9954, bears a unique [5.5] spirolactam moiety conjugated with a 22-membered, highly functionalized macrolide through a linear carbon chain. SFA displays a diverse range of biological activities and offers significant therapeutic potential. However, the structural complexity of SFA poses a tremendous challenge for new analogue development via chemical synthesis. Based on a rational prediction of its biosynthetic origin, herein we report the cloning, sequencing and characterization of the gene cluster responsible for SFA biosynthesis. Analysis of the 92 776 bp contiguous DNA region reveals a mixed polyketide synthase (PKS)/non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) pathway which includes a variety of unique features for unusual PKS and NRPS building block formation. Our findings suggest that SFA biosynthesis requires a crotonyl-CoA reductase/carboxylase (CCR) for generation of the putative unusual PKS starter unit (2R)-2-ethylmalonamyl-CoA, an iterative type I PKS for the putative atypical extender unit (2S)-2-(2-oxo-butyl)malonyl-CoA and a phenylalanine hydroxylase for the NRPS extender unit (2S)-m-tyrosine. A spontaneous ketalization of significant note, may trigger spirolactam formation in a stereo-selective manner. This study provides a framework for the application of combinatorial biosynthesis methods in order to expand the structural diversity of SFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Jiang W, Heemstra JR, Forseth RR, Neumann CS, Manaviazar S, Schroeder FC, Hale KJ, Walsh CT. Biosynthetic chlorination of the piperazate residue in kutzneride biosynthesis by KthP. Biochemistry 2011; 50:6063-72. [PMID: 21648411 PMCID: PMC3129693 DOI: 10.1021/bi200656k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kutznerides 2 and 8 of the cyclic hexadepsipeptide family of antifungal natural products from the soil actinomycete Kutzneria sp. 744 contain two sets of chlorinated residues, a 6,7-dichlorohexahydropyrroloindole moiety derived from dichlorotryptophan and a 5-chloropiperazate moiety, as well as a methylcyclopropylglycine residue that may arise from isoleucine via a cryptic chlorination pathway. Previous studies identified KtzD, KtzQ, and KtzR as three halogenases in the kutzneride pathway but left no candidate for installing the C5 chlorine on piperazate. On the basis of analysis of the complete genome sequence of Kutzneria, we now identify a fourth halogenase in the pathway whose gene is separated from the defined kutzneride cluster by 12 open reading frames. KthP (kutzneride halogenase for piperazate) is a mononuclear nonheme iron halogenase that acts on the piperazyl ring tethered by a thioester linkage to the holo forms of thiolation domains. MS analysis of the protein-bound product confirmed chlorination of the piperazate framework from the (3S)- but not the (3R)-piperazyl-S-pantetheinyl thiolation proteins. After thioesterase-mediated release, nuclear magnetic resonance was used to assign the free imino acid as (3S,5S)-5-chloropiperazate, distinct from the 3S,5R stereoisomer reported in the mature kutznerides. These results demonstrate that a fourth halogenase, KthP, is active in the kutzneride biosynthetic pathway and suggest further processing of the (3S,5S)-5-chloropiperazate during subsequent incorporation into the kutzneride depsipeptide frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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