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Tieosapjaroen W, Ongkeko AM, Yin Z, Termvanich K, Wongsa A, Tucker JD, Tang W, Li C, Zhang Y, Castillo-Carandang NT, Ong JJ. Crowdsourcing strategies to improve access to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Australia, the Philippines, Thailand and China. BMC Infect Dis 2025; 25:698. [PMID: 40369406 PMCID: PMC12079911 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-025-11065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2025] [Indexed: 05/16/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many Asian countries have yet to scale up HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Crowdsourcing has a group of individuals solving a specific problem before sharing solutions with the public. This approach enhances community engagement and ownership of the solutions and can be used to generate culturally relevant solutions. We used crowdsourcing to seek innovative strategies to optimise PrEP access by increasing the uptake and effective use of PrEP. This study describes the experiences of crowdsourcing open calls in Australia, the Philippines, Thailand and China. METHODS Four crowdsourcing open calls were conducted between 2021-2023 in Australia, the Philippines, Thailand and China. All open calls entailed: 1) problem identification; 2) committee formation with local groups; 3) community engagement for idea submission (e.g., texts, posters, pitches); 4) evaluation of submissions; 5) awarding incentives to finalists; and 6) solution dissemination via web and social media. We reported the number of total and high-quality submissions. We also identified themes across countries. RESULTS The Australian, Filipino, Thai and Chinese teams received 9, 22, 9 and 19 eligible submissions, respectively. A total of 3, 10, 7 and 8 submissions had a mean score of 6/10 or greater. Three common solutions emerged across all the finalist ideas: enhanced service access, optimising promotional campaigns, and person-centred promotional materials. The winning ideas from the Australian, Filipino, Thai and Chinese teams were an anonymous online PrEP service, a printed ready-to-wear garment to create awareness about PrEP, PrEP and HIV self-testing kit dispensing kiosks and a poster on PrEP effectiveness, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Crowdsourcing was a promising and versatile tool for developing PrEP strategies in the Asia-Pacific region. Further evaluations via clinical trials can bridge the gap between idea generation and implementation, creating the empirical evidence that is pivotal for the policy adoption of these innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warittha Tieosapjaroen
- School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, 580 Swanston St, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Arturo M Ongkeko
- National Telehealth Center, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
- Foundation for the Advancement of Clinical Epidemiology, Inc, Manila, Philippines
| | - Zhuoheng Yin
- University of North Carolina Project China, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Artit Wongsa
- Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Joseph D Tucker
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Weiming Tang
- University of North Carolina Project China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Tokyo College, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, 580 Swanston St, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Nina T Castillo-Carandang
- Foundation for the Advancement of Clinical Epidemiology, Inc, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jason J Ong
- School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, 580 Swanston St, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia.
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Taggart T, Mathews A, Junious T, Lindsey JA, Augustine A, Debnam C, Boyd Y, Wright S, Tucker JD, Magnus M. PrEP your step: Implementing an online crowdsourcing contest to engage young people in HIV prevention in Washington DC, USA. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0313882. [PMID: 39556546 PMCID: PMC11573147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0313882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2024] [Indexed: 11/20/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV incidence among young people (Black and Latinx women and men who have sex with men ages 16-24 years), in the United States is high. Traditional top-down approaches for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) social marketing are not effectively reaching this population. Crowdsourcing is a promising approach to engaging young people in the development of innovative solutions to raise awareness and use of PrEP among those at highest risk of HIV. This study engaged young people in the design and evaluation of an online crowdsourcing contest to promote PrEP among Washington, DC youth. The contest used standard methods recommended by the World Health Organization and feedback from our community partners. Online recruitment using social media elicited online votes and survey responses. We analyzed cross-sectional surveys using descriptive statistics, and semi-structured interviews with contest participants using thematic coding to explore barriers and facilitators to contest engagement. Approximately 82% of entries were from young people in DC. A convenience sample of 181 people voted on their favorite crowdsourced PrEP messages and shared their awareness and attitudes about PrEP. The contest website received 2,500 unique visitors and 4,600 page views. Themes from semi-structured interviews (n = 16) included the need for more community engagement in developing PrEP messaging and positive attitudes towards crowdsourcing. Survey data (n = 887) showed that the crowdsourced messages were well-liked and resonated with the community. Most preferred to see PrEP messages in social media (23%), email (17%) and videos (14%). Approximately 70% of survey participants reported that after viewing the crowdsourced message they would talk to their sexual partner or medical provider (63%) about PrEP, use PrEP (58%), and learn more about PrEP (56%). Crowdsourced messages solicit substantial online viewership. More implementation research is needed to understand the public health impact of integrating social media, crowdsourcing, and community engagement to develop PrEP promotional messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Taggart
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Allison Mathews
- Community Expert Solutions, Inc., Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Toni Junious
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Lindsey
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Andrea Augustine
- Planned Parenthood of Metropolitan Washington, DC, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Charles Debnam
- Community Wellness Alliance (CWA), Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Yavonne Boyd
- Community Wellness Alliance (CWA), Washington, DC, United States of America
| | | | - Joseph D. Tucker
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manya Magnus
- Department of Epidemiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
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Kpokiri EE, Phiri MM, Martinez-Alvarez M, Tembo M, Chikwari CD, Nzvere F, Doyle AM, Tucker JD, Hensen B. How to (or how not to) implement crowdsourcing for the development of health interventions: lessons learned from four African countries. Health Policy Plan 2024; 39:1125-1131. [PMID: 39404065 PMCID: PMC11562121 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czae078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 11/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Crowdsourcing strategies are useful in the development of public health interventions. Crowdsourcing engages end users in a co-creation process through challenge contests, designathons or online collaborations. Drawing on our experience of crowdsourcing in four African countries, we provide guidance on designing crowdsourcing strategies across seven steps: deciding on the type of crowdsourcing strategy, convening a steering committee, developing the content of the call for ideas, promotion, evaluation, recognizing finalists and sharing back ideas or implementing the solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eneyi E Kpokiri
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Mwelwa M Phiri
- Zambart, Ridgeway Campus, Nationalist Road, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Melisa Martinez-Alvarez
- MRC Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, Banjul PO Box 273, The Gambia
| | - Mandikudza Tembo
- MRC International Statistics & Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, THRU ZIM 8 Ross Avenue, Belgravia, Harare P.O. Box HG 937, Zimbabwe
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Chido Dziva Chikwari
- MRC International Statistics & Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, THRU ZIM 8 Ross Avenue, Belgravia, Harare P.O. Box HG 937, Zimbabwe
| | - Farirai Nzvere
- MRC International Statistics & Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, THRU ZIM 8 Ross Avenue, Belgravia, Harare P.O. Box HG 937, Zimbabwe
| | - Aoife M Doyle
- MRC International Statistics & Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, THRU ZIM 8 Ross Avenue, Belgravia, Harare P.O. Box HG 937, Zimbabwe
| | - Joseph D Tucker
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
- Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-5023, United States
| | - Bernadette Hensen
- Sexual and Reproductive Health Group, Department of Public Health, The Institute of Tropical Medicine, Kronenburgstraat 43, Antwerp 2000, Belgium
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Podszus B, Pham J, Dopson E, Trivedi S, Yu V, Guo Y. "A National Review of Crowdfunding for Plagiocephaly Helmets". Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2024:10556656241256728. [PMID: 39051559 DOI: 10.1177/10556656241256728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Custom prescription helmets for plagiocephaly may be a significant financial burden for families, especially when not covered by insurance. This study aims to identify factors that influence the success of crowdsourcing campaigns for this therapy. DESIGN GoFundMe campaigns were collected by searching terms such as "plagiocephaly" and "baby helmet." Two reviewers analyzed each campaign for variables, including demographic data, story elements, and photo characteristics. Univariate logistic regression was used to determine each variable's impact on success, defined as attaining ≥75% of a campaign goal and significance of p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Campaign data from 2011 to 2022 were analyzed. Initial search yielded 1464 campaigns; among these 413 met final inclusion criteria. On average, campaigns raised $2005 (range: $0-$7799) and requested $3151 (range: $160-$30,000). In total, 228 (54%) achieved success, 167 (40%) met their goal, and 35 (8%) raised no funds. A total of $828,256 was raised from the requested $1,301,317. The average reported age was six months (range: 2-17 m). Significant factors associated with success were military affiliation, providing multiple images, including a quoted cost, providing campaign updates, indicating a sense of urgency, diagnosis of torticollis, and mentioning possible complications without treatment. Raising additional funds for therapy, multiple helmets, and unrelated medical costs negatively impacted success. Racial disparities were observed between campaigns. Additionally, regional differences were noted between campaigns. CONCLUSIONS Crowdsourcing can be a successful endeavor for some families experiencing financial hardships from helmet therapy. This study highlights current gaps within healthcare coverage for helmet treatment and identifies various factors influencing crowdfunding campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Podszus
- School of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - J Pham
- School of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - E Dopson
- School of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - S Trivedi
- School of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - V Yu
- School of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Y Guo
- School of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
- Plastic and Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital of the Kings' Daughters, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Warr R, Ruggiano N, Daquin J, Anderson Herzog M, Jiang Z, Gray J. Health Information Seeking Using Tech and Non-Tech Sources Among a Diverse Sample of Caregivers in the Deep South. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2024; 67:605-620. [PMID: 38662939 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2024.2339960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Caregivers of people living with dementia (PLWD) are often tasked with making decisions about their loved one's daily care and healthcare treatment, causing stress and decision-making fatigue. Many caregivers engage in health information seeking to improve their health literacy for optimal decision-making, though there is limited knowledge about the strategies used to increase their health literacy. This study involved a survey of caregivers in Alabama, most of whom were African American and/or living in rural communities that have historically underserved. The findings shed light on caregivers' experiences in seeking out health-related information and their perceptions of various sources of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Retisha Warr
- School of Social Work, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Nicole Ruggiano
- School of Social Work, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Jane Daquin
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Monica Anderson Herzog
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Zhe Jiang
- Computer & Information Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jeff Gray
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
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Lalvani S, Katsaggelos A. Crowdsourcing with the drift diffusion model of decision making. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11311. [PMID: 38760397 PMCID: PMC11649787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Crowdsourcing involves the use of annotated labels with unknown reliability to estimate ground truth labels in datasets. A common task in crowdsourcing involves estimating reliabilities of annotators (such as through the sensitivities and specificities of annotators in the binary label setting). In the literature, beta or dirichlet distributions are typically imposed as priors on annotator reliability. In this study, we investigated the use of a neuroscientifically validated model of decision making, known as the drift-diffusion model, as a prior on the annotator labeling process. Two experiments were conducted on synthetically generated data with non-linear (sinusoidal) decision boundaries. Variational inference was used to predict ground truth labels and annotator related parameters. Our method performed similarly to a state-of-the-art technique (SVGPCR) in prediction of crowdsourced data labels and prediction through a crowdsourced-generated Gaussian process classifier. By relying on a neuroscientifically validated model of decision making to model annotator behavior, our technique opens the avenue of predicting neuroscientific biomarkers of annotators, expanding the scope of what may be learnt about annotators in crowdsourcing tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamal Lalvani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60201, USA.
| | - Aggelos Katsaggelos
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60201, USA
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Pecoriello J, Lilly AG, Jalili D, Mendoza C, Quinn GP, Penfield CA. Decision-making for congenital anomalies diagnosed during pregnancy: a narrative review. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:1143-1151. [PMID: 38630201 PMCID: PMC11143132 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this narrative review was to assess the limited literature on fetal anomalies diagnosed in the second trimester of pregnancy and parental decision-making and identify sources of information deemed as facilitators and barriers to medical decisions. METHODS This was a literature review of source material and information about fetal anomalies diagnosed in the second trimester of pregnancy, decision-making, decision tools or aids, and sources of information for anomalies. The search string used explored related peer-reviewed publications and systematic reviews between 2007 and 2024. We also reviewed references from publications meeting inclusion criteria. The search was conducted between June 2022 and February 2024. Exclusion criteria included conference abstracts, non-peer reviewed literature, and articles not available in English language. A total of 77 publications were identified by searching multiple databases using a predefined search string. The search encompassed full text articles from 2007 to 2024 and 11 full-text publications were ultimately included in the review. A list of 45 co-occurring keywords was generated from the included texts, with each keyword having a minimum of two co-occurrences. RESULTS Key themes identified included (1) the role of the clinician and need for development of professional knowledge and empathy surrounding discussion of fetal anomalies with patients; (2) information gathering, with individuals reporting use of multiple strategies to obtain information; while the majority found information satisfying, they preferred more details on diagnosis, long-term outcomes of the fetus/child and management of the pregnancy or termination process; and (3) decision-making, the path and process of how individuals made decisions about the pregnancy including quality of life, future fertility, and seeking other people's experiences. CONCLUSION Many factors contribute to an individual's decision-making after a diagnosis of a fetal anomalies diagnosed in the second trimester of pregnancy, ranging from personal beliefs and goals to shared experiences of others and access to care. Understanding how sources of information may be deemed both as facilitators and barriers to different individuals during the decision-making process is important for healthcare providers in order to understand how to most effectively support patients. There is a dearth of information on training healthcare professionals to provide support to patients facing these decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Pecoriello
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 1stAvenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | | | - Dona Jalili
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 1stAvenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | | | - Gwendolyn P Quinn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 1stAvenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Christina A Penfield
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Lîm HK, Wang JK, Tsai KS, Chien YH, Chang YC, Cheng CH, Tsai CY, Peng YW, Hwang JJ, Huei-Ming Ma M. Cardiac screening in school children: Combining auscultation and electrocardiography with a crowdsourcing model. J Formos Med Assoc 2023; 122:1313-1320. [PMID: 37468409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE School-based cardiac screening is useful for identifying children and adolescents with a high risk of sudden cardiac death. However, because of challenges associated with cost, distance, and human resources, cardiac screening is not widely implemented, especially in rural areas with limited medical resources. This study aims to establish a cloud-based system suitable for mass cardiac screening of schoolchildren in rural areas with limited medical resources. METHODS Students from three schools were included. They or their guardians completed a simple questionnaire, administered in paper or electronic form. Heart sounds were recorded using an electronic stethoscope. Twelve-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded and digitalized. The signals were transmitted through Bluetooth to a tablet computer and then uploaded to a cloud server over Wi-Fi. Crowdsourced pediatric cardiologists reviewed those data from a web-based platform and provided remote consultation. In cases in which abnormal heart sounds or ECGs were noted, the students were referred to the hospital for further evaluation. RESULTS A total of 1004 students were enrolled in this study. Of the 138 students referred, 62 were diagnosed as having an abnormal heart condition and most had previously been undiagnosed. The interrater agreeability was high. CONCLUSION An innovative strategy combining a cloud-based cardiac screening system with remote consultation by crowdsourced experts was established. This system allows pediatric cardiologists to provide consultation and make reliable diagnoses. Combined with crowdsourcing, the system constitutes a viable approach for mass cardiac screening in children and adolescents living in rural areas with insufficient medical resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hīng-Ka Lîm
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan; Department of Cardiology, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine
| | - Jou-Kou Wang
- Department of Cardiology, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Hsuan Chien
- Department of Pediatrics, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | - Juey-Jen Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Matthew Huei-Ming Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan.
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Chang LW, Muessig KE. Digital Crowdsourcing and Infectious Diseases: Opportunities and Obstacles. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:1479-1481. [PMID: 37811795 PMCID: PMC10681854 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Larry W Chang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Mansour RB, Wasli H, Bourgou S, Khamessi S, Ksouri R, Megdiche-Ksouri W, Cardoso SM. Insights on Juniperus phoenicea Essential Oil as Potential Anti-Proliferative, Anti-Tyrosinase, and Antioxidant Candidate. Molecules 2023; 28:7547. [PMID: 38005268 PMCID: PMC10673065 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the anti-cancer, anti-tyrosinase, and antioxidant activities of essential oils (EOs) of berries and leaves of Juniperus phoenicea grown wild in North of Tunisia were investigated. The EO yields from leaves and berries were 1.69% and 0.45%, respectively. GC-MS analysis revealed that α-pinene is the predominant component in both EOs (44.17 and 83.56%, respectively). Leaves essential oil presented high levels of β-phellandrene (18%) and camphene (15%). The EOs displayed cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 breast cancer cell, HT-29 colon cancer, and the normal cells H9C2 cardiomyoblasts. Leaves oil strongly inhibited colon cell line proliferation (IC50 of 38 µg/mL), while berries essential oil was more potent against breast cancerous cells MCF-7 (IC50 of 60 µg/mL). Interestingly, berries essential oil exhibited high ability to inhibit melanin synthesis by inhibiting enzyme mono and diphenolase activities. Overall, the results suggested that the two oils are significant sources of healthy natural chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Ben Mansour
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (R.B.M.); (H.W.); (S.B.); (S.K.); (R.K.); (W.M.-K.)
| | - Hanen Wasli
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (R.B.M.); (H.W.); (S.B.); (S.K.); (R.K.); (W.M.-K.)
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
- Department of Education and Teaching, Higher Institute of Applied Studies in Humanities of Tozeur, Campus University, University of Gafsa, Gafsa 2100, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Bourgou
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (R.B.M.); (H.W.); (S.B.); (S.K.); (R.K.); (W.M.-K.)
| | - Saber Khamessi
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (R.B.M.); (H.W.); (S.B.); (S.K.); (R.K.); (W.M.-K.)
| | - Riadh Ksouri
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (R.B.M.); (H.W.); (S.B.); (S.K.); (R.K.); (W.M.-K.)
| | - Wided Megdiche-Ksouri
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (R.B.M.); (H.W.); (S.B.); (S.K.); (R.K.); (W.M.-K.)
| | - Susana M. Cardoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Krishnan K, Sahoo KC, Kalyanasundaram M, Singh S, Srinivas A, Pathak A, Stålsby Lundborg C, Atkins S, Rousta K, Diwan V. Feasibility assessment of crowdsourcing slogans for promoting household waste segregation in India: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1118331. [PMID: 37900030 PMCID: PMC10600395 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1118331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Crowdsourcing is an emerging technique to engage or access a wider set of experts and multiple stakeholders through online platforms, which might effectively be employed in waste management. Therefore, we assessed the feasibility of the crowdsourcing method to provide an alternative approach that can improve household waste segregation using an "online-slogan-contest". Methods The contest was promoted via targeted emails to various governmental and non-governmental organizations and through social media platforms for around 4 weeks (25 days). The entries were received through a Google form. The slogans were assessed by the experts and analyzed using content analysis methods. Results Total 969 entries were received from different geographic regions in India. Of that, 456 were in English and 513 in Hindi. Five themes of waste segregation emerged from the received slogans: (1) Community awareness, responsibility, and support, (2) Significance of household waste segregation, (3) Use of separate dustbins, (4) Health and well-being, and (5) Environment and sustainability. Discussion Crowdsourcing approaches can be used by local authorities for improving waste management approaches and are recommended as these involve a wider audience within a short time frame. Moreover, this approach is flexible and integrating crowdsourcing approaches strengthens our understanding of existing waste management activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Krishnan
- Division of Environmental Monitoring and Exposure Assessment (Water and Soil), ICMR—National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | | | | | - Surya Singh
- Division of Environmental Monitoring and Exposure Assessment (Water and Soil), ICMR—National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | | | - Ashish Pathak
- Department of Pediatrics, R D Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, India
- Department of Global Public Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Improving Use of Medicines, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg
- Department of Global Public Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Improving Use of Medicines, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Salla Atkins
- Department of Global Public Health, Social Medicine Infectious Disease and Migration (SIM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Global Health and Development, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kamran Rousta
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Vishal Diwan
- Division of Environmental Monitoring and Exposure Assessment (Water and Soil), ICMR—National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
- Department of Global Public Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Improving Use of Medicines, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zhou X, Guo S, Wu H. Research on the doctors' win in crowdsourcing competitions: perspectives on service content and competitive environment. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2023; 23:204. [PMID: 37798708 PMCID: PMC10557239 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-023-02309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical crowdsourcing competitions can help patients get more efficient and comprehensive treatment advice than "one-to-one" service, and doctors should be encouraged to actively participate. In the crowdsourcing competitions, winning the crowdsourcing competition is the driving force for doctors to continue to participate in the service. Therefore, how to improve the winning probability needs to be revealed. From the service content and competitive environment perspectives, this study introduces doctor competence indicators to investigate the key influence factors of doctors' wins on the online platform. The results show that the emotional interaction in doctors' service content positively influences doctors' wins. However, the influence of information interaction presents heterogeneity. Conclusive information helps doctors win, while suggestive information negatively affects them. For the competitive environment, the competitive environment negatively moderates the relationship between doctors' service content and doctors' wins. The results of this study provide important contributions to the research on crowdsourcing competitions and online healthcare services and guide the participants of the competition, including patients, doctors, and platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Wu
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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13
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Marks L, Smith BJ, Mitchell J, Laird Y, Rowbotham S. The case for citizen science in public health policy and practice: a mixed methods study of policymaker and practitioner perspectives and experiences. Health Res Policy Syst 2023; 21:31. [PMID: 37127620 PMCID: PMC10152701 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-023-00978-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citizen science (CS) is increasingly being utilised to involve the public in public health research, but little is known about whether and how CS can address the needs of policy and practice stakeholders in health promotion and chronic disease prevention. METHODS Using a mixed methods approach we conducted an online survey (n = 83) and semi-structured interviews (n = 21) with policy and practice stakeholders across Australia to explore how CS approaches are perceived and applied in chronic disease prevention, how CS aligns with existing approaches to community engagement, and how the uptake of CS can be supported within policy and practice settings. RESULTS Most participants had heard of CS, and while few had experience of using CS, there was widespread support for this approach, with many seeing it as complementary to other community engagement approaches. CS was seen as providing: (a) a robust framework for engagement; (b) access to rich data; (c) opportunities for more meaningful engagement; and (d) a mutually beneficial approach for stakeholders and community members. However, stakeholders identified a need to weigh benefits against potential risks and challenges including competing organisational priorities, resourcing and expertise, data quality and rigour, governance, and engagement. CONCLUSIONS To expand the use of CS, stakeholders identified the need for increased awareness, acceptance, and capacity for CS within public health organisations, greater access to supporting tools and technology, and evidence on processes, feasibility and impacts to enhance the visibility and legitimacy of CS approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Marks
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, The Sax Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ben J Smith
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, The Sax Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jo Mitchell
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, The Sax Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yvonne Laird
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, The Sax Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samantha Rowbotham
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, The Sax Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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14
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Jacobs JW, Adkins BD, Woo JS, Booth GS. Crowdsourcing and Social Media: An Academic Approach to Preparing Manuscripts That Address Controversial Topics. Am J Clin Pathol 2023; 159:307-309. [PMID: 36637176 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian D Adkins
- University of Texas Southwestern, Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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15
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Singla RK, De R, Efferth T, Mezzetti B, Sahab Uddin M, Sanusi, Ntie-Kang F, Wang D, Schultz F, Kharat KR, Devkota HP, Battino M, Sur D, Lordan R, Patnaik SS, Tsagkaris C, Sai CS, Tripathi SK, Găman MA, Ahmed MEO, González-Burgos E, Babiaka SB, Paswan SK, Odimegwu JI, Akram F, Simal-Gandara J, Urquiza MS, Tikhonov A, Mondal H, Singla S, Lonardo SD, Mulholland EJ, Cenanovic M, Maigoro AY, Giampieri F, Lee S, Tzvetkov NT, Louka AM, Verma P, Chopra H, Olea SP, Khan J, Alvarez Suarez JM, Zheng X, Tomczyk M, Sabnani MK, Medina CDV, Khalid GM, Boyina HK, Georgiev MI, Supuran CT, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Fan TP, Pittala V, Sureda A, Braidy N, Russo GL, Vacca RA, Banach M, Lizard G, Zarrouk A, Hammami S, Orhan IE, Aggarwal BB, Perry G, Miller MJ, Heinrich M, Bishayee A, Kijjoa A, Arkells N, Bredt D, Wink M, Fiebich BL, Kiran G, Yeung AWK, Gupta GK, Santini A, Lucarini M, Durazzo A, El-Demerdash A, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Cifuentes A, Souto EB, Zubair MAM, Badhe P, Echeverría J, Horbańczuk JO, Horbanczuk OK, Sheridan H, Sheshe SM, Witkowska AM, Abu-Reidah IM, Riaz M, Ullah H, Oladipupo AR, Lopez V, Sethiya NK, Shrestha BG, Ravanan P, Gupta SC, et alSingla RK, De R, Efferth T, Mezzetti B, Sahab Uddin M, Sanusi, Ntie-Kang F, Wang D, Schultz F, Kharat KR, Devkota HP, Battino M, Sur D, Lordan R, Patnaik SS, Tsagkaris C, Sai CS, Tripathi SK, Găman MA, Ahmed MEO, González-Burgos E, Babiaka SB, Paswan SK, Odimegwu JI, Akram F, Simal-Gandara J, Urquiza MS, Tikhonov A, Mondal H, Singla S, Lonardo SD, Mulholland EJ, Cenanovic M, Maigoro AY, Giampieri F, Lee S, Tzvetkov NT, Louka AM, Verma P, Chopra H, Olea SP, Khan J, Alvarez Suarez JM, Zheng X, Tomczyk M, Sabnani MK, Medina CDV, Khalid GM, Boyina HK, Georgiev MI, Supuran CT, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Fan TP, Pittala V, Sureda A, Braidy N, Russo GL, Vacca RA, Banach M, Lizard G, Zarrouk A, Hammami S, Orhan IE, Aggarwal BB, Perry G, Miller MJ, Heinrich M, Bishayee A, Kijjoa A, Arkells N, Bredt D, Wink M, Fiebich BL, Kiran G, Yeung AWK, Gupta GK, Santini A, Lucarini M, Durazzo A, El-Demerdash A, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Cifuentes A, Souto EB, Zubair MAM, Badhe P, Echeverría J, Horbańczuk JO, Horbanczuk OK, Sheridan H, Sheshe SM, Witkowska AM, Abu-Reidah IM, Riaz M, Ullah H, Oladipupo AR, Lopez V, Sethiya NK, Shrestha BG, Ravanan P, Gupta SC, Alzahrani QE, Dama Sreedhar P, Xiao J, Moosavi MA, Subramani PA, Singh AK, Chettupalli AK, Patra JK, Singh G, Karpiński TM, Al-Rimawi F, Abiri R, Ahmed AF, Barreca D, Vats S, Amrani S, Fimognari C, Mocan A, Hritcu L, Semwal P, Shiblur Rahaman M, Emerald M, Akinrinde AS, Singh A, Joshi A, Joshi T, Khan SY, Balla GOA, Lu A, Pai SR, Ghzaiel I, Acar N, Es-Safi NE, Zengin G, Kureshi AA, Sharma AK, Baral B, Rani N, Jeandet P, Gulati M, Kapoor B, Mohanta YK, Emam-Djomeh Z, Onuku R, Depew JR, Atrooz OM, Goh BH, Andrade JC, Konwar B, Shine VJ, Ferreira JMLD, Ahmad J, Chaturvedi VK, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Sharma R, Gautam RK, Granica S, Parisi S, Kumar R, Atanasov AG, Shen B. The International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce (INPST) and the power of Twitter networking exemplified through #INPST hashtag analysis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154520. [PMID: 36334386 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154520] [Show More Authors] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of digital technologies and the evolution of open innovation approaches have enabled the creation of diverse virtual organizations and enterprises coordinating their activities primarily online. The open innovation platform titled "International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce" (INPST) was established in 2018, to bring together in collaborative environment individuals and organizations interested in natural product scientific research, and to empower their interactions by using digital communication tools. METHODS In this work, we present a general overview of INPST activities and showcase the specific use of Twitter as a powerful networking tool that was used to host a one-week "2021 INPST Twitter Networking Event" (spanning from 31st May 2021 to 6th June 2021) based on the application of the Twitter hashtag #INPST. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The use of this hashtag during the networking event period was analyzed with Symplur Signals (https://www.symplur.com/), revealing a total of 6,036 tweets, shared by 686 users, which generated a total of 65,004,773 impressions (views of the respective tweets). This networking event's achieved high visibility and participation rate showcases a convincing example of how this social media platform can be used as a highly effective tool to host virtual Twitter-based international biomedical research events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab-144411, India
| | - Ronita De
- ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, CIT Rd, Subhas Sarobar Park, Phool Bagan, Beleghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bruno Mezzetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences (D3A) Università Politecnica Delle Marche Ancona, IT, Italy
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sanusi
- Research Center for Population - Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Indonesia
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, HSC 4N71, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Fabien Schultz
- Technical University of Berlin, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty III - Process Sciences, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, Berlin 13355, Germany; Neubrandenburg University of Applied Sciences, Department of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Brodaer Str. 2, Neubrandenburg 17033, Germany
| | | | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Program for Leading Graduate Schools, HIGO Program, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Daniel Sur
- Department of Medical Oncology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ronan Lordan
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, United States
| | - Sourav S Patnaik
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | | | - Chandragiri Siva Sai
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Gomati Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226010, India
| | - Surya Kant Tripathi
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha-769008, India
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- ″Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, Bucharest, Romania; Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 258 Fundeni Road, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mosa E O Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Elena González-Burgos
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain
| | - Smith B Babiaka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Faizan Akram
- Bahawalpur College of Pharmacy (BCP), Bahawalpur Medical and Dental College (BMDC), Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Ourense E-32004, Spain
| | | | - Aleksei Tikhonov
- Translational Research Laboratory in Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Himel Mondal
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shailja Singla
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Sara Di Lonardo
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems-Italian National Research Council (IRET-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino Fi 50019, Italy
| | - Eoghan J Mulholland
- Gastrointestinal Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Somerville College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
| | - Soojin Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria
| | | | - Pritt Verma
- Department of Pharmacology, CSIR-NBRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - José M Alvarez Suarez
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Xiaonan Zheng
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, Białystok 15-230, Poland
| | - Manoj Kumar Sabnani
- The University of Texas at Arlington, United States; Alloy Therapeutics, United States
| | | | - Garba M Khalid
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast BT9, United Kingdom
| | - Hemanth Kumar Boyina
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Anurag University, Venkatapur, Medchal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500088, India
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | | | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330507, Chile; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Tai-Ping Fan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Valeria Pittala
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Palma, Balearic Islands E-07122, Spain
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gian Luigi Russo
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, Avellino 83100, Italy
| | - Rosa Anna Vacca
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Council of Research, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Université de Bourgogne / Inserm, Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL, Faculté des Sciences Gabriel, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, Dijon 21000 France
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- University of Monastir (Tunisia), Faculty of Medicine, LR-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health', Tunisia
| | - Sonia Hammami
- University of Monastir (Tunisia), Faculty of Medicine, LR-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health', Tunisia
| | - Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara 06330, Türkiye
| | | | - George Perry
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas, United States
| | | | | | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, United States
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar e CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Nicolas Arkells
- International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce (INSPT), United States
| | | | - Michael Wink
- Heidelberg University, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Bernd L Fiebich
- Neurochemistry and Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Andy Wai Kan Yeung
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Girish Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Badhani, Pathankot, Punjab, India
| | - Antonello Santini
- University of Napoli Federico II, Department of Pharmacy. Via D Montesano 49, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Amr El-Demerdash
- Metabolic Biology & Biological Chemistry Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom; Organic Chemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | | | | | - Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | | | - Pravin Badhe
- Swalife Foundation, India; Swalife Biotech Ltd, Ireland; Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Vadgaon (BK) Pune Maharashtra India
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Jarosław Olav Horbańczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec 05-552, Poland
| | - Olaf K Horbanczuk
- Department of Technique and Food Product Development, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW) 159c Nowoursynowska, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
| | - Helen Sheridan
- The NatPro Centre. Trinity College Dublin. Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | | | - Ibrahim M Abu-Reidah
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal 18050, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Akolade R Oladipupo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Víctor Lopez
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego (Zaragoza), Spain
| | | | | | - Palaniyandi Ravanan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Subash Chandra Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Qushmua E Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacy/Nursing Medicine Health and Environment, University of the Region of Joinville (UNIVILLE) Brazil, Sana Catarina, Joinville, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetics Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran P.O. Box: 14965/161, Iran
| | - Parasuraman Aiya Subramani
- Independent Researcher, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai, India - 600048. formerly, Pallavaram, Chennai 600117, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002 India
| | | | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Gopal Singh
- Department of Plant Functional Metabolomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz M Karpiński
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, Poznań 61-712, Poland
| | | | - Rambod Abiri
- Department of Forestry Science and Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Atallah F Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sharad Vats
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Said Amrani
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Physiologie des Organismes, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, USTHB, Bab Ezzouar, Alger, Algeria
| | | | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucian Hritcu
- Department of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, No. 11, Iasi 700506, Romania
| | - Prabhakar Semwal
- Department of Life Sciences, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248002, India
| | - Md Shiblur Rahaman
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Mila Emerald
- PHYTOCEUTICALS International™ & NOVOTEK Global Solutions™, Canada
| | - Akinleye Stephen Akinrinde
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Ashima Joshi
- Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, India
| | - Tanuj Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhimtal, Kumaun University (Nainital), India
| | - Shafaat Yar Khan
- Research Lab III, Hematology & Vascular Biology, Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Gareeballah Osman Adam Balla
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Hilat Kuku, Khartoum North P.O. Box No. 204, Sudan
| | - Aiping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, HongKong, China
| | - Sandeep Ramchandra Pai
- Department of Botany, Rayat Shikshan Sanstha's, Dada Patil Mahavidyalaya, Karjat, Maharashtra, India
| | - Imen Ghzaiel
- Université de Bourgogne, Inserm, Laboratoire Bio - PeroxIL, Faculté des Sciences Gabriel, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, Dijon 21000 France; University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Nour Eddine Es-Safi
- Mohammed V University in Rabat, LPCMIO, Materials Science Center (MSC), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Azazahemad A Kureshi
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, India
| | | | | | - Neeraj Rani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansilal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- University of Reims, Research Unit Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, USC INRAe 1488, Reims, France
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH 1) Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Bhupinder Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH 1) Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Techno City, Kling Road, Baridua, Ri-Bhoi, Meghalaya 793101, India
| | | | - Raphael Onuku
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | | | - Omar M Atrooz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mutah University, Jordan
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Jose Carlos Andrade
- TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
| | | | - V J Shine
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | | | - Jamil Ahmad
- Department of Human Nutrition, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Vivek K Chaturvedi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | | | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Rupesh K Gautam
- Deparment of Pharmacology, Indore Institute of Pharmacy, IIST Campus, Rau-Indore-453331, India
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Salvatore Parisi
- Lourdes Matha Institute of Hotel Management and Catering Technology, Kerala State, India
| | - Rishabh Kumar
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K.R. Mangalam University, Sohna Road, Gurugram, Haryana 122103, India
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Vienna 1090, Austria; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, Vienna 1090, Austria; Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Magdalenka 05-552, Poland.
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Cai H, Zheng H, Li J, Hao C, Gu J, Liao J, Hao Y. Implementation and evaluation of crowdsourcing in global health education. Glob Health Res Policy 2022; 7:50. [PMID: 36522678 PMCID: PMC9753011 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-022-00279-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current global health course is most set as elective course taught in traditional teacher-taught model with low credit and short term. Innovate teaching models are required. Crowdsourcing characterized by high flexibility and strong application-orientation holds its potential to enhance global health education. We applied crowdsourcing to global health teaching for undergraduates, aiming to develop and evaluate a new teaching model for global health education. METHODS Crowdsourcing was implemented into traditional course-based teaching via introducing five COVID-19 related global health debates. Undergraduate students majoring in preventative medicine and nursing grouped in teams of 5-8, were asked to resolve these debates in reference to main content of the course and with manner they thought most effective to deliver the messages. Students' experience and teaching effect, were evaluated by questionnaires and teachers' ratings, respectively. McNemar's test was used to compare the difference in students' experience before and after the course, and regression models were used to explore the influencing factors of the teaching effect. RESULTS A total of 172 undergraduates were included, of which 122 (71%) were females. Students' evaluation of the new teaching model improved after the course, but were polarized. Students' self-reported teaching effect averaged 67.53 ± 16.8 and the teachers' rating score averaged 90.84 ± 4.9. Students majoring in preventive medicine, participated in student union, spent more time on revision, and had positive feedback on the new teaching model tended to perform better. CONCLUSION We innovatively implemented crowdsourcing into global health teaching, and found this new teaching model was positively received by undergraduate students with improved teaching effects. More studies are needed to optimize the implementation of crowdsourcing alike new methods into global health education, to enrich global health teaching models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanle Cai
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Huiqiong Zheng
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Sun Yat-Sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Health Information Research, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Hao
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Sun Yat-Sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Health Information Research, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Gu
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Sun Yat-Sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Health Information Research, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Liao
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Sun Yat-Sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Center for Health Information Research, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuantao Hao
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Sun Yat-Sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Health Information Research, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Ricks PM, Njie GJ, Dawood FS, Blain AE, Winstead A, Popoola A, Jones C, Li C, Fuller J, Anantharam P, Olson N, Walker AT, Biggerstaff M, Marston BJ, Arthur RR, Bennett SD, Moolenaar RL. Lessons Learned from CDC's Global COVID-19 Early Warning and Response Surveillance System. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:S8-S16. [PMID: 36502410 DOI: 10.3201/eid2813.212544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Early warning and response surveillance (EWARS) systems were widely used during the early COVID-19 response. Evaluating the effectiveness of EWARS systems is critical to ensuring global health security. We describe the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) global COVID-19 EWARS (CDC EWARS) system and the resources CDC used to gather, manage, and analyze publicly available data during the prepandemic period. We evaluated data quality and validity by measuring reporting completeness and compared these with data from Johns Hopkins University, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, and indicator-based data from the World Health Organization. CDC EWARS was integral in guiding CDC's early COVID-19 response but was labor-intensive and became less informative as case-level data decreased and the pandemic evolved. However, CDC EWARS data were similar to those reported by other organizations, confirming the validity of each system and suggesting collaboration could improve EWARS systems during future pandemics.
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Crowdsourcing Operational and Design Flaws of Diabetes Mobile Apps. J Med Syst 2022; 46:101. [PMID: 36418791 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-022-01879-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Unfortunately, many of the diabetes mobile apps have operational and design flaws that are debarring users from maximizing from the self-management paradigm. We, therefore, aim to identify the markers of operational and design flaws of diabetes mobile apps to facilitate a better user-centred design. e crowdsourced negative user review comments (rating score: 1-3) of 47 diabetes mobile apps from the google play store. A total of 781 negative user comments (rating score 1-3) from the apps are coded to identify and categorize the themes relating to the operational and design flaws. The operational and design flaws account for 50.32% of the challenges faced by the unhappy diabetes mobile apps users. Among them, 44.73% have issues with app crashing, 17.3% are concerned about device compatibility that inhibits seamless operations, 9.67% are worried about the problem of data uploading. Poor design is a worry to 19.29% of the users who complain of the crowded user interface, poor data management, poor analytics, difficulty scheduling doctors' appointments, and transferring data. More patients with diabetes can be encouraged to continue using diabetes mobile apps for self-management of diabetes through improved design and a pace-wise software advancement to match the ever-growing enhancements in android operating systems and telecommunication devices. This will help to counter most of the challenges identified in this study.
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Beñaran-Muñoz I, Hernández-González J, Pérez A. On the use of the descriptive variable for enhancing the aggregation of crowdsourced labels. Knowl Inf Syst 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10115-022-01743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe use of crowdsourcing for annotating data has become a popular and cheap alternative to expert labelling. As a consequence, an aggregation task is required to combine the different labels provided and agree on a single one per example. Most aggregation techniques, including the simple and robust majority voting—to select the label with the largest number of votes—disregard the descriptive information provided by the explanatory variable. In this paper, we propose domain-aware voting, an extension of majority voting which incorporates the descriptive variable and the rest of the instances of the dataset for aggregating the label of every instance. The experimental results with simulated and real-world crowdsourced data suggest that domain-aware voting is a competitive alternative to majority voting, especially when a part of the dataset is unlabelled. We elaborate on practical criteria for the use of domain-aware voting.
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20
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Mondal H, Parvanov ED, Singla RK, Rayan RA, Nawaz FA, Ritschl V, Eibensteiner F, Siva Sai C, Cenanovic M, Devkota HP, Hribersek M, De R, Klager E, Kletecka-Pulker M, Völkl-Kernstock S, Khalid GM, Lordan R, Găman MA, Shen B, Stamm T, Willschke H, Atanasov AG. Twitter-based crowdsourcing: What kind of measures can help to end the COVID-19 pandemic faster? Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:961360. [PMID: 36186802 PMCID: PMC9523003 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.961360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crowdsourcing is a low-cost, adaptable, and innovative method to collect ideas from numerous contributors with diverse backgrounds. Crowdsourcing from social media like Twitter can be used for generating ideas in a noticeably brief time based on contributions from globally distributed users. The world has been challenged by the COVID-19 pandemic in the last several years. Measures to combat the pandemic continue to evolve worldwide, and ideas and opinions on optimal counteraction strategies are of high interest. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to validate the use of Twitter as a crowdsourcing platform in order to gain an understanding of public opinion on what measures can help to end the COVID-19 pandemic faster. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted during the period from December 22, 2021, to February 4, 2022. Tweets were posted by accounts operated by the authors, asking "How to faster end the COVID-19 pandemic?" and encouraging the viewers to comment on measures that they perceive would be effective to achieve this goal. The ideas from the users' comments were collected and categorized into two major themes - personal and institutional measures. In the final stage of the campaign, a Twitter poll was conducted to get additional comments and to estimate which of the two groups of measures were perceived to be important amongst Twitter users. RESULTS The crowdsourcing campaign generated seventeen suggested measures categorized into two major themes (personal and institutional) that received a total of 1,727 endorsements (supporting comments, retweets, and likes). The poll received a total of 325 votes with 58% of votes underscoring the importance of both personal and institutional measures, 20% favoring personal measures, 11% favoring institutional measures, and 11% of the votes given just out of curiosity to see the vote results. CONCLUSIONS Twitter was utilized successfully for crowdsourcing ideas on strategies how to end the COVID-19 pandemic faster. The results indicate that the Twitter community highly values the significance of both personal responsibility and institutional measures to counteract the pandemic. This study validates the use of Twitter as a primary tool that could be used for crowdsourcing ideas with healthcare significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himel Mondal
- Saheed Laxman Nayak Medical College and Hospital, Koraput, Odisha, India
| | - Emil D. Parvanov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Translational Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute of the Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Rehab A. Rayan
- Department of Epidemiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Faisal A. Nawaz
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Valentin Ritschl
- Section for Outcomes Research, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Eibensteiner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chandragiri Siva Sai
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Headquarters for Admissions and Education, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mojca Hribersek
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ronita De
- ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Elisabeth Klager
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Kletecka-Pulker
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Ethics and Law in Medicine, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Völkl-Kernstock
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Garba M. Khalid
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ronan Lordan
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tanja Stamm
- Section for Outcomes Research, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Willschke
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzẹbiec, Poland
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Kondziella D, Amiri M, Othman MH, Beghi E, Bodien YG, Citerio G, Giacino JT, Mayer SA, Lawson TN, Menon DK, Rass V, Sharshar T, Stevens RD, Tinti L, Vespa P, McNett M, Venkatasubba Rao CP, Helbok R. Incidence and prevalence of coma in the UK and the USA. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac188. [PMID: 36132425 PMCID: PMC9486895 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiology of coma is unknown because case ascertainment with traditional methods is difficult. Here, we used crowdsourcing methodology to estimate the incidence and prevalence of coma in the UK and the USA. We recruited UK and US laypeople (aged ≥18 years) who were nationally representative (i.e. matched for age, gender and ethnicity according to census data) of the UK and the USA, respectively, utilizing a crowdsourcing platform. We provided a description of coma and asked survey participants if they-'right now' or 'within the last year'-had a family member in coma. These participants (UK n = 994, USA n = 977) provided data on 30 387 family members (UK n = 14 124, USA n = 16 263). We found more coma cases in the USA (n = 47) than in the UK (n = 20; P = 0.009). We identified one coma case in the UK (0.007%, 95% confidence interval 0.00-0.04%) on the day of the survey and 19 new coma cases (0.13%, 95% confidence interval 0.08-0.21%) within the preceding year, resulting in an annual incidence of 135/100 000 (95% confidence interval 81-210) and a point prevalence of 7 cases per 100 000 population (95% confidence interval 0.18-39.44) in the UK. We identified five cases in the USA (0.031%, 95% confidence interval 0.01-0.07%) on the day of the survey and 42 new cases (0.26%, 95% confidence interval 0.19-0.35%) within the preceding year, resulting in an annual incidence of 258/100 000 (95% confidence interval 186-349) and a point prevalence of 31 cases per 100 000 population (95% confidence interval 9.98-71.73) in the USA. The five most common causes were stroke, medically induced coma, COVID-19, traumatic brain injury and cardiac arrest. To summarize, for the first time, we report incidence and prevalence estimates for coma across diagnosis types and settings in the UK and the USA using crowdsourcing methods. Coma may be more prevalent in the USA than in the UK, which requires further investigation. These data are urgently needed to expand the public health perspective on coma and disorders of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kondziella
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Moshgan Amiri
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marwan H Othman
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ettore Beghi
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan 20156, Italy
| | - Yelena G Bodien
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Giuseppe Citerio
- NeuroIntensive Care, ASST di Monza, Monza 20900, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Università Milano Bicocca, Milan 20100, Italy
| | - Joseph T Giacino
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephan A Mayer
- Department of Neurology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Thomas N Lawson
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - David K Menon
- Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Verena Rass
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-Intensive Care Unit, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Tarek Sharshar
- Neuro-anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris-Descartes University, Paris 75006, France
- Experimental Neuropathology, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Robert D Stevens
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21287, MD, USA
| | - Lorenzo Tinti
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan 20156, Italy
| | - Paul Vespa
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Molly McNett
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chethan P Venkatasubba Rao
- Division of Vascular Neurology and Neurocritical Care, Baylor College of Medicine and CHI Baylor St Luke's Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Raimund Helbok
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-Intensive Care Unit, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
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22
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Ghalachyan A, Ivanitskaya LV. Crowdsourcing homemade facemasks: 772 U.S. health facilities' responses to personal protective equipment shortages in the first half of 2020. Int J Health Plann Manage 2022; 37:3269-3281. [PMID: 35974688 PMCID: PMC9539367 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We examined 772 U.S. health facilities' responses to Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) shortages in the first half of 2020, as they crowdsourced face coverings from volunteer makers to be used as respiratory protection during crisis surge capacity. The purpose was to examine facemask specification requests from health facilities and develop a framework for crowdsourcing last resort PPE. Design/methodology/approach Homemade facemask donation requests from health facilities in 47 states systematically recorded in a public database maintained by public health graduate students at a major U.S. university were analysed. Open coding was used to content analyse facemask types and specifications, intended uses, delivery logistics and donation management strategies. Findings Our analysis revealed information gaps: Science‐based information was scarce in 2020, leading to improvised specifications for facemask materials and designs. It also revealed the emergence of a crowdsourcing structure: Task specifications for volunteer facemasks makers, delivery logistics, and practical management of donations within the pandemic context. In anticipation of future pandemics and localised PPE shortages, we build on this empirical evidence to propose a framework for crowdsourcing science‐informed facemasks from volunteers. Categorised within (a) logistics and workflow management, (b) task specifications and management, and (c) practical management of contributions functional areas, the framework outlines the required tasks and specifications for crowdsourcing. Originality A novel empirically derived framework for crowdsourcing homemade facemasks is proposed, based on empirical analysis and crowdsourcing system design strategies. Our findings and the framework may be used for refining crisis capacity guidelines, as part of strategic planning and preparation for future pandemics that disrupt supply chains and cause shortages in protective equipment. At least 772 health facilities in 47 U.S. states experienced Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) shortages in 2020. During crisis surge capacity, they crowdsourced homemade masks from volunteers. The database shows information gaps and an emerging crowdsourcing structure. A crowdsourcing framework is essential for effective sourcing of homemade face coverings from volunteer makers during pandemics and surge capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armine Ghalachyan
- Department of Apparel, Merchandising, Design, and Textiles, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Lana V Ivanitskaya
- School of Health Sciences, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, USA
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Mason S, Ezechi OC, Obiezu-Umeh C, Nwaozuru U, BeLue R, Airhihenbuwa C, Gbaja-Biamila T, Oladele D, Musa AZ, Modi K, Parker J, Uzoaru F, Engelhart A, Tucker J, Iwelunmor J. Understanding factors that promote uptake of HIV self-testing among young people in Nigeria: Framing youth narratives using the PEN-3 cultural model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268945. [PMID: 35657809 PMCID: PMC9165856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to understand how to frame the formats for promoting HIV self-testing to increase uptake among young people. In this study, we used a culture-centered model to understand the narratives of HIV self-testing preferences among young people in Nigeria. We conducted a crowdsourcing contest to solicit ideas surrounding HIV self-testing promotion among young people (10–24 years) in Nigeria from October to November 2018 as part of the 2018 World AIDS Day event. We received 903 submissions and employed thematic content analysis to evaluate 769 eligible youth narratives. Thematic content analysis of the statements from the youth narratives was guided by the PEN-3 cultural model to examine the positive, existential, and negative perceptions (beliefs and values), enablers (resources), and nurturers (roles of friends and family) of HIV self-testing promotion among young people in Nigeria. Several themes emerged as factors that influence the uptake of HIV self-testing among young people in Nigeria. Specifically, seven themes emerged as perceptions: HIV testing accessibility, stigma reduction, and autonomy (positive); HIV self-testing kit packaging and advertisements (existential); lack of knowledge and increased stigma (negative). Seven themes emerged as enablers: social media, school, and government promotion (positive); gamification and animation (existential); high cost and access to linkage to care services (negative); And seven themes emerged as nurturers: peer, families, and faith-based communities (positive); parents and family-centered approach (existential); and partners and family (negative). Our data suggests that increased awareness around HIV self-testing on current youth-friendly platforms, de-stigmatization of HIV and HIV self-testing, decreased prices for HIV self-testing kits, reliability of testing kits, increased linkage to care services, and promotion of self-testing among family members and the community will be beneficial for HIV self-testing scale-up measures among young people in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Mason
- Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Oliver C. Ezechi
- Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Medical Compound, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Chisom Obiezu-Umeh
- Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ucheoma Nwaozuru
- Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Rhonda BeLue
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Collins Airhihenbuwa
- Global Research Against Noncommunicable Diseases (GRAND), Georgia State University, School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Titilola Gbaja-Biamila
- Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - David Oladele
- Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Adesola Z. Musa
- Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Medical Compound, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Karan Modi
- College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jessica Parker
- College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Florida Uzoaru
- Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Alexis Engelhart
- Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Joseph Tucker
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Juliet Iwelunmor
- Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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The feasibility of a crowd-based early developmental milestone tracking application. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268548. [PMID: 35617244 PMCID: PMC9135273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Parents’ tracking of developmental milestones can assist healthcare providers with early detection of developmental delays and appropriate referrals to early intervention. Crowdsourcing is one way to update the content and age data distribution of developmental checklists for parents and providers. This feasibility study examined which developmental milestones parents chose to track and what they added beyond traditional milestones, using the babyTRACKS crowd-based mobile app. Method We analyzed the developmental diaries of 3,832 children, registered in the babyTRACKS app at an average age of 9.3 months. Their parents recorded a median of 5 milestones per diary, selecting from the accumulating lists of age-appropriate milestones or authoring new milestones. The final database included 645 types of milestones; 89.15% were developmental, of which 43.6% were comparable to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) milestones while the rest were crowd-authored. Milestones were categorized into developmental domains: Gross Motor, Fine Motor, Oral Motor, Self-Care, Cognitive, Language Comprehension, Speech, Non-Verbal Communication, Social, Emotional, and Regulation. Results On average, the milestone domains of Gross Motor, Fine Motor, Cognitive and Social were the most added to diaries (20%-30% of a diary). Within the Cognitive, Speech and Language Comprehension domains there were significantly more CDC comparable versus crowd-authored milestones (29% versus 21%, 22% versus 10%, 8% versus 4%). In contrast, within the Regulation and Oral Motor domains there were more crowd versus CDC milestones (17% versus 3%, 9% versus 3%). Crowd-authored Speech milestones were significantly older by 7 months than CDC milestones. Conclusion Tracking daily observations of child development provides a window into personally relevant milestones for the child and parent. The crowd of parents can independently track and add new milestones across main developmental domains. Regulation and Oral Motor development especially interest parents. Parents may be less aware of early progress in Language Comprehension and Speech; thus, these domains require more structured screening. Designing mobile early screening which is crowd-based engages parents as proactive partners in developmental tracking.
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Pimenta JM, Painter JL, Gemzoe K, Levy RA, Powell M, Meizlik P, Powell G. Identifying Barriers to Enrollment in Patient Pregnancy Registries: Building Evidence Through Crowdsourcing. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e30573. [PMID: 35612888 PMCID: PMC9178445 DOI: 10.2196/30573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enrollment in pregnancy registries is challenging despite substantial awareness-raising activities, generally resulting in low recruitment owing to limited safety data. Understanding patient and physician awareness of and attitudes toward pregnancy registries is needed to facilitate enrollment. Crowdsourcing, in which services, ideas, or content are obtained by soliciting contributions from a large group of people using web-based platforms, has shown promise for improving patient engagement and obtaining patient insights. Objective This study aimed to use web-based crowdsourcing platforms to evaluate Belimumab Pregnancy Registry (BPR) awareness among patients and physicians and to identify potential barriers to pregnancy registry enrollment with the BPR as a case study. Methods We conducted 2 surveys using separate web-based crowdsourcing platforms: Amazon Mechanical Turk (a 14-question patient survey) and Sermo RealTime (a 11-question rheumatologist survey). Eligible patients were women, aged 18-55 years; diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); and pregnant, recently pregnant (within 2 years), or planning pregnancy. Eligible rheumatologists had prescribed belimumab and treated pregnant women. Responses were descriptively analyzed. Results Of 151 patient respondents over a 3-month period (n=88, 58.3% aged 26-35 years; n=149, 98.7% with mild or moderate SLE; and n=148, 98% from the United States), 51% (77/151) were currently or recently pregnant. Overall, 169 rheumatologists completed the survey within 48 hours, and 59.2% (100/169) were based in the United States. Belimumab exposure was reported by 41.7% (63/151) patients, whereas 51.7% (75/145) rheumatologists had prescribed belimumab to <5 patients, 25.5% (37/145) had prescribed to 5-10 patients, and 22.8% (33/145) had prescribed to >10 patients who were pregnant or trying to conceive. Of the patients exposed to belimumab, 51% (32/63) were BPR-aware, and 45.5% (77/169) of the rheumatologists were BPR-aware. Overall, 60% (38/63) of patients reported belimumab discontinuation because of pregnancy or planned pregnancy. Among the 77 BPR-aware rheumatologists, 70 (91%) referred patients to the registry. Concerns among rheumatologists who did not prescribe belimumab during pregnancy included unknown pregnancy safety profile (119/169, 70.4%), and 61.5% (104/169) reported their patients’ concerns about the unknown pregnancy safety profile. Belimumab exposure during or recently after pregnancy or while trying to conceive was reported in patients with mild (6/64, 9%), moderate (22/85, 26%), or severe (1/2, 50%) SLE. Rheumatologists more commonly recommended belimumab for moderate (84/169, 49.7%) and severe (123/169, 72.8%) SLE than for mild SLE (36/169, 21.3%) for patients trying to conceive recently or currently pregnant. Overall, 81.6% (138/169) of the rheumatologists suggested a belimumab washout period before pregnancy of 0-30 days (44/138, 31.9%), 30-60 days (64/138, 46.4%), or >60 days (30/138, 21.7%). Conclusions In this case, crowdsourcing efficiently obtained patient and rheumatologist input, with some patients with SLE continuing to use belimumab during or while planning a pregnancy. There was moderate awareness of the BPR among patients and physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffery L Painter
- Safety Innovation and Analytics, GlaxoSmithKline, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kim Gemzoe
- GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marcy Powell
- Safety Innovation and Analytics, GlaxoSmithKline, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Gregory Powell
- Safety Innovation and Analytics, GlaxoSmithKline, Durham, NC, United States
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26
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[Social media-Chances and risks for rheumatology]. Z Rheumatol 2022; 81:413-422. [PMID: 35394194 PMCID: PMC8990654 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-022-01201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Die Nutzung von sozialen Medien (Social Media) und sozialen Netzwerken (Social Networks) hat in den letzten Jahren stark zugenommen. Sie gewinnen als Informationskanäle sowohl im privaten als auch beruflichen Kontext immer mehr an Bedeutung. Auch in der Medizin werden Social Media bereits vielfältig eingesetzt. So sind Fachgesellschaften und Interessenverbände immer stärker in den sozialen Netzwerken vertreten. Durch die breite Nutzung und große Reichweite der Netzwerke ergeben sich neue Möglichkeiten auch für das Fach der Rheumatologie. Dieser Übersichtsartikel gibt einen Überblick über die Charakteristika einiger großer Social-Media-Plattformen und untersucht bisherige Publikationen aus diesem Themengebiet im Rahmen einer systematischen Analyse. Weiterhin werden Vorteile, aber auch potenzielle Risiken, die bei der Nutzung entstehen können, beschrieben.
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Verboven L, Calders T, Callens S, Black J, Maartens G, Dooley KE, Potgieter S, Warren RM, Laukens K, Van Rie A. A treatment recommender clinical decision support system for personalized medicine: method development and proof-of-concept for drug resistant tuberculosis. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2022; 22:56. [PMID: 35236355 PMCID: PMC8892778 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-022-01790-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Personalized medicine tailors care based on the patient’s or pathogen’s genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. An automated Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) could help translate the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics into optimal treatment and thus facilitate implementation of individualized treatment by less experienced physicians.
Methods We developed a hybrid knowledge- and data-driven treatment recommender CDSS. Stakeholders and experts first define the knowledge base by identifying and quantifying drug and regimen features for the prototype model input. In an iterative manner, feedback from experts is harvested to generate model training datasets, machine learning methods are applied to identify complex relations and patterns in the data, and model performance is assessed by estimating the precision at one, mean reciprocal rank and mean average precision. Once the model performance no longer iteratively increases, a validation dataset is used to assess model overfitting. Results We applied the novel methodology to develop a treatment recommender CDSS for individualized treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis as a proof of concept. Using input from stakeholders and three rounds of expert feedback on a dataset of 355 patients with 129 unique drug resistance profiles, the model had a 95% precision at 1 indicating that the highest ranked treatment regimen was considered appropriate by the experts in 95% of cases. Use of a validation data set however suggested substantial model overfitting, with a reduction in precision at 1 to 78%. Conclusion Our novel and flexible hybrid knowledge- and data-driven treatment recommender CDSS is a first step towards the automation of individualized treatment for personalized medicine. Further research should assess its value in fields other than drug resistant tuberculosis, develop solid statistical approaches to assess model performance, and evaluate their accuracy in real-life clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennert Verboven
- Torch Consortium FAMPOP Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium. .,ADReM Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Toon Calders
- ADReM Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Callens
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Black
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cape Town and Livingstone Hospital, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Gary Maartens
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kelly E Dooley
- Divisions of Clinical Pharmacology and Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samantha Potgieter
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Robin M Warren
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kris Laukens
- ADReM Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Annelies Van Rie
- Torch Consortium FAMPOP Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Thompson CM, Rhidenour KB, Blackburn KG, Barrett AK, Babu S. Using crowdsourced medicine to manage uncertainty on Reddit: The case of COVID-19 long-haulers. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2022; 105:322-330. [PMID: 34281723 PMCID: PMC8805953 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Causes of and treatments for long-COVID syndrome remain unknown. Drawing on uncertainty management theory (UMT), this study elucidates the communicative nature of crowdsourced medicine as a means by which COVID "long-haulers" respond to their poorly understood illness. METHODS 31,892 posts on the long-haulers subreddit (r/covidlonghaulers) were analyzed, starting with its creation date, July 24th, 2020, until January 7, 2021. The Meaning Extraction Method was used to identify clusters of words that mathematically group together across the text observations. RESULTS Analyses yielded 16 distinct factors of words, which we thematized based on their composition, the data, and UMT. The 16 themes encompassed symptoms (e.g., pain, respiratory, sensory), diagnostic concerns (testing, diagnosis), broad health concerns (immunity, physical activity, diet), chronicity, support, identity, and anxiety. CONCLUSION Findings provide a succinct, yet robust set of themes reflecting the information-seeking (i.e., "This is happening to me") and support-seeking functions of long-haulers' talk (i.e., "Is this happening to you?"). Findings have implications for collective uncertainty management, online crowdsourcing, and patient advocacy. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS We recommend that health care providers employ sensitivity when addressing the anxiety that long-haulers are experiencing while also validating that their physical symptoms are real. Online communities help long-haulers manage their uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charee M Thompson
- Department of Communication, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
| | | | - Kate G Blackburn
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Sara Babu
- Department of Communication, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
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Pravst I, Hribar M, Žmitek K, Blažica B, Koroušić Seljak B, Kušar A. Branded Foods Databases as a Tool to Support Nutrition Research and Monitoring of the Food Supply: Insights From the Slovenian Composition and Labeling Information System. Front Nutr 2022; 8:798576. [PMID: 35059426 PMCID: PMC8763694 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.798576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Branded foods databases are becoming very valuable not only in nutrition research but also for clinical practice, policymakers, businesses, and general population. In contrast to generic foods, branded foods are marked by rapid changes in the food supply because of reformulations, the introduction of new foods, and the removal of existing ones from the market. Also, different branded foods are available in different countries. This not only complicates the compilation of branded foods datasets but also causes such datasets to become out of date quickly. In this review, we present different approaches to the compilation of branded foods datasets, describe the history and progress of building and updating such datasets in Slovenia, and present data to support nutrition research and monitoring of the food supply. Manufacturers are key sources of information for the compilation of branded foods databases, most commonly through food labels. In Slovenia, the branded food dataset is compiled using standard food monitoring studies conducted at all major retailers. Cross-sectional studies are conducted every few years, in which the food labels of all available branded foods are photographed. Studies are conducted using the Composition and Labeling Information System (CLAS) infrastructure, composed of a smartphone application for data collection and online data extraction and management tool. We reviewed various uses of branded foods datasets. Datasets can be used to assess the nutritional composition of food in the food supply (i.e., salt, sugar content), the use of specific ingredients, for example, food additives, for nutrient profiling, and assessment of marketing techniques on food labels. Such datasets are also valuable for other studies, for example, assessing nutrient intakes in dietary surveys. Additional approaches are also being tested to keep datasets updated between food monitoring studies. A promising approach is the exploitation of crowdsourcing through the mobile application VešKajJeš, which was launched in Slovenia to support consumers in making healthier dietary choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pravst
- Nutrition Institute, Nutrition and Public Health Research Group, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- VIST–Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maša Hribar
- Nutrition Institute, Nutrition and Public Health Research Group, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Žmitek
- Nutrition Institute, Nutrition and Public Health Research Group, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- VIST–Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojan Blažica
- Computer Systems Department, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Anita Kušar
- Nutrition Institute, Nutrition and Public Health Research Group, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- VIST–Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Sahu KS, Majowicz SE, Dubin JA, Morita PP. NextGen Public Health Surveillance and the Internet of Things (IoT). Front Public Health 2021; 9:756675. [PMID: 34926381 PMCID: PMC8678116 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.756675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in technology have led to the rise of new-age data sources (e.g., Internet of Things (IoT), wearables, social media, and mobile health). IoT is becoming ubiquitous, and data generation is accelerating globally. Other health research domains have used IoT as a data source, but its potential has not been thoroughly explored and utilized systematically in public health surveillance. This article summarizes the existing literature on the use of IoT as a data source for surveillance. It presents the shortcomings of current data sources and how NextGen data sources, including the large-scale applications of IoT, can meet the needs of surveillance. The opportunities and challenges of using these modern data sources in public health surveillance are also explored. These IoT data ecosystems are being generated with minimal effort by the device users and benefit from high granularity, objectivity, and validity. Advances in computing are now bringing IoT-based surveillance into the realm of possibility. The potential advantages of IoT data include high-frequency, high volume, zero effort data collection methods, with a potential to have syndromic surveillance. In contrast, the critical challenges to mainstream this data source within surveillance systems are the huge volume and variety of data, fusing data from multiple devices to produce a unified result, and the lack of multidisciplinary professionals to understand the domain and analyze the domain data accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Sundar Sahu
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Shannon E. Majowicz
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Joel A. Dubin
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Plinio Pelegrini Morita
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Ehealth Innovation, Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Han L, Tang W, Ritchwood T, Day S, Wei S, Bao H, John R, Kpokiri E, Mathanga D, Awor P, Juban N, Castro-Arroyave D, Ambil V, Xiong Y, Oppong E, Tucker J. Joint international consensus statement on crowdsourcing challenge contests in health and medicine: results of a modified Delphi process. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e048699. [PMID: 34740928 PMCID: PMC8573649 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a consensus statement to provide advice on designing, implementing and evaluating crowdsourcing challenge contests in public health and medical contexts. DESIGN Modified Delphi using three rounds of survey questionnaires and one consensus workshop. SETTING Uganda for face-to-face consensus activities, global for online survey questionnaires. PARTICIPANTS A multidisciplinary expert panel was convened at a consensus-development conference in Uganda and included 21 researchers with experience leading challenge contests, five public health sector workers, and nine Ugandan end users. An online survey was sent to 140 corresponding authors of previously published articles that had used crowdsourcing methods. RESULTS A subgroup of expert panel members developed the initial statement and survey. We received responses from 120 (85.7%) survey participants, which were presented at an in-person workshop of all 21 panel members. Panelists discussed each of the sections, revised the statement, and participated in a second round of the survey questionnaire. Based on this second survey round, we held detailed discussions of each subsection with workshop participants and further revised the consensus statement. We then conducted the third round of the questionnaire among the 21 expert panelists and used the results to finalize the statement. This iterative process resulted in 23 final statement items, all with greater than 80% consensus. Statement items are organised into the seven stages of a challenge contest, including the following: considering the appropriateness, organising a community steering committee, promoting the contest, assessing contributions, recognising contributors, sharing ideas and evaluating the contest (COPARSE). CONCLUSIONS There is high agreement among crowdsourcing experts and stakeholders on the design and implementation of crowdsourcing challenge contests. The COPARSE consensus statement can be used to organise crowdsourcing challenge contests, improve the rigour and reproducibility of crowdsourcing research and enable large-scale collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Han
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH), Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiming Tang
- Project China, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Guangzhou, China
- STD Control Department, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tiarney Ritchwood
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Suzanne Day
- Department of Medicine-Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shufang Wei
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH), Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanyu Bao
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH), Guangzhou, China
| | - Randall John
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eneyi Kpokiri
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Don Mathanga
- Malaria Alert Centre, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Southern Region, Malawi
| | - Phyllis Awor
- School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Noel Juban
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine, Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Vibhu Ambil
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Joseph Tucker
- Department of Medicine-Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Guzmen-Carmeli S, Rier DA. Entrepreneurial treatment activism for undone science: mannitol and Parkinson's disease. BIOSOCIETIES 2021; 18:128-155. [PMID: 34721649 PMCID: PMC8536910 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-021-00258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes CliniCrowd, a patient-designed, entrepreneurial, crowd-sourced citizen-science approach to evaluating mannitol-essentially, an orphan drug-as a Parkinson's disease treatment. As such, CliniCrowd addresses 'undone science', and our paper contributes to the sociological literature thereon. Based on 38 qualitative interviews, fieldwork, and content analyses (2017-2020), we trace CliniCrowd's background and rationale. We: discuss undone science and its wider contexts; present earlier iterations of citizen-science and treatment activism; examine CliniCrowd's application of crowd-sourced citizen-science to address undone science around 'orphan drug' treatment for Parkinson's disease; explore how CliniCrowd has evolved, and re-framed its work, since its founding; ponder its future; and consider whether their approach can guide future citizen-science treatment research. Our paper contributes to the existing literature in four ways. First, we focus on medical treatment issues, an under-studied area of undone science. Second, we highlight orphan drugs as both major source of, and fruitful area for research on, undone science. Third, we describe CliniCrowd's pragmatic, entrepreneurial-rather than the more common activist-citizen-science approach to addressing undone treatment science. Finally, from our data on CliniCrowd we distil a preliminary model for future treatment activism around undone science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomo Guzmen-Carmeli
- grid.22098.310000 0004 1937 0503Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002 Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - David A. Rier
- grid.22098.310000 0004 1937 0503Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002 Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Video-Based Coaching: Current Status and Role in Surgical Practice (Part 1) From the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Health Care Quality and Outcomes Committee. J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 25:2439-2446. [PMID: 34355331 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-021-05102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Patient safety and outcomes are directly related to surgical performance. Surgical training emphasizes the importance of the surgeon in determining these outcomes. After training is complete, there is a lack of structured programs for surgeons to audit their skills and continue their individual development. There is a significant linear relationship between surgeon technical skill and surgical outcomes; however, measuring technical performance is difficult. Video-based coaching matches an individual surgeon in practice with a surgical colleague who has been trained in the core principles of coaching for individualizing instruction. It can provide objective assessment for teaching higher-level concepts, such as technical skills, cognitive skills, and decision-making. There are many benefits to video-based coaching. While the concept is gaining acceptance as a method of surgical education, it is still novel in clinical practice. As more surgeons look towards video-based coaching for quality improvement, a consistent definition of the program, goals, and metrics for assessment will be critical. This paper is a review on the status of the video-based coaching as it applies to practicing surgeons.
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Spieler B, Ballard DH, Mazaheri P, Legro N, Catanzano T, Dey C, Prejean E, Fontentot J, Martin MD, Danrad R, Kim HHR, Caplin D, Gettle LM, Awan O. Social Media in Radiology: Overview and Usefulness of Online Professional #SoMe Profiles. Acad Radiol 2021; 28:526-539. [PMID: 32482471 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Social media is a ubiquitous part of society and used by many healthcare professionals, including radiologists. This article prepared by the 2019-2020 Radiology Research Alliance Social Media Task Force presents different uses and benefits of an online professional social media profile. Physician and healthcare-specific issues along with popular platforms such as LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube are used to explore topics including education, branding, research, mentorship, promotion, and leadership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. Koster
- Megan A. Koster, MD, PharmD, is Instructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital
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Vermicelli S, Cricelli L, Grimaldi M. How can crowdsourcing help tackle the COVID‐19 pandemic? An explorative overview of innovative collaborative practices. R&D MANAGEMENT 2021; 51:183-194. [PMCID: PMC7753275 DOI: 10.1111/radm.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused unprecedented public health and economic crises. As a response to face the current emergency, science and innovation communities are realizing a fundamental contribution to tackle the crisis. During the past few months, we have witnessed an impressive number of initiatives to encourage networking opportunities, to foster interactions between the different stakeholders involved (health care, industry, governments, academics, ordinary people), and to develop innovative solutions and collaborative infrastructures in support of the health sector. Adopting an open and collaborative approach and joining forces is essential in the fight against the COVID‐19 crisis. Also, the involvement of crowds as innovation partners can be of great support. Therefore, our work aims to review and classify those initiatives, based on the crowdsourcing model, that have been put into place to face the emergency generated by the novel coronavirus pandemic. We illustrate the 16 crowdsourcing initiatives devoted to the SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak that we identified, detailing their development and implementation. Then, we propose a classification of them, along two dimensions: type of crowdsourcing configuration and kind of tasks, being able to find a relationship between these two aspects. Evidence from the analyzed projects suggests that across disparate domains, crowdsourcing can be an effective strategy in the response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. To conclude, we suggest some important implications for innovation best practices and lessons that can be learned for the future: crowdsourcing, harnessing the power of crowds and online communities, can help tackle the COVID‐19 pandemic, by providing original, actionable, quick, and low‐cost solutions to the challenges of the current health and economic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vermicelli
- Department of Enterprise EngineeringUniversity of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’Viale del Politecnico, 1 – 00133RomeItaly
| | - Livio Cricelli
- Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Naples “Federico II”Piazzale Tecchio 80NaplesItaly
| | - Michele Grimaldi
- Department of Civil and Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Cassino and Southern LazioVia G. Di Biasio 43CassinoFRItaly
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Turner AM, Engelsma T, Taylor JO, Sharma RK, Demiris G. Recruiting older adult participants through crowdsourcing platforms: Mechanical Turk versus Prolific Academic. AMIA ... ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS. AMIA SYMPOSIUM 2021; 2020:1230-1238. [PMID: 33936499 PMCID: PMC8075523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recruiting older adults (OA) into research is challenging. OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility of using two crowdsourcing platforms, Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and Prolific Academic (ProA), as efficient and low-cost venues for recruiting survey participants aged 65 and older. METHODS We developed an online survey to investigate and compare the demographics, technology use, and motivations for research participation of OA on MTurk and ProA. Qualitative responses, response time, word count, and recruitment costs were analyzed. RESULTS We recruited 97 OA survey participants on both MTurk and ProA. Participants were similar in terms ofdemographics, technology usage, and motivations for participation (topic interest and payment). CONCLUSION Both crowdsourcing platforms are useful for rapid and low-cost recruitment of OA. The OA recruitment process was more efficient with ProA. Crowdsourcing platforms are potential sources of OA research participants; however, the pool is limited to generally healthy, technologically active, and well-educated older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Turner
- Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Thomas Engelsma
- Center for Human Factors Engineering of Health Information Technology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean O Taylor
- Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Rashmi K Sharma
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Washington
| | - George Demiris
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Durso AM, Bolon I, Kleinhesselink AR, Mondardini MR, Fernandez-Marquez JL, Gutsche-Jones F, Gwilliams C, Tanner M, Smith CE, Wüster W, Grey F, Ruiz de Castañeda R. Crowdsourcing snake identification with online communities of professional herpetologists and avocational snake enthusiasts. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:201273. [PMID: 33614073 PMCID: PMC7890515 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Species identification can be challenging for biologists, healthcare practitioners and members of the general public. Snakes are no exception, and the potential medical consequences of venomous snake misidentification can be significant. Here, we collected data on identification of 100 snake species by building a week-long online citizen science challenge which attracted more than 1000 participants from around the world. We show that a large community including both professional herpetologists and skilled avocational snake enthusiasts with the potential to quickly (less than 2 min) and accurately (69-90%; see text) identify snakes is active online around the clock, but that only a small fraction of community members are proficient at identifying snakes to the species level, even when provided with the snake's geographical origin. Nevertheless, participants showed great enthusiasm and engagement, and our study provides evidence that innovative citizen science/crowdsourcing approaches can play significant roles in training and building capacity. Although identification by an expert familiar with the local snake fauna will always be the gold standard, we suggest that healthcare workers, clinicians, epidemiologists and other parties interested in snakebite could become more connected to these communities, and that professional herpetologists and skilled avocational snake enthusiasts could organize ways to help connect medical professionals to crowdsourcing platforms. Involving skilled avocational snake enthusiasts in decision making could build the capacity of healthcare workers to identify snakes more quickly, specifically and accurately, and ultimately improve snakebite treatment data and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Durso
- Institute of Global Health, Department of Community Health and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Ft. Myers, FL, USA
| | - I. Bolon
- Institute of Global Health, Department of Community Health and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. R. Kleinhesselink
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M. R. Mondardini
- Citizen Science Center Zürich, ETHZ and University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - F. Gutsche-Jones
- Citizen Science Center Zürich, ETHZ and University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C. Gwilliams
- Citizen Science Center Zürich, ETHZ and University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. Tanner
- Citizen Science Center Zürich, ETHZ and University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - W. Wüster
- Bangor University College of Natural Sciences, Bangor, UK
| | - F. Grey
- Citizen Cyberlab, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R. Ruiz de Castañeda
- Institute of Global Health, Department of Community Health and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Thompson DC, Bentzien J. Crowdsourcing and open innovation in drug discovery: recent contributions and future directions. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:2284-2293. [PMID: 33011343 PMCID: PMC7529695 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has seen significant growth in the use of 'crowdsourcing' and open innovation approaches to engage 'citizen scientists' to perform novel scientific research. Here, we quantify and summarize the current state of adoption of open innovation by major pharmaceutical companies. We also highlight recent crowdsourcing and open innovation research contributions to the field of drug discovery, and interesting future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jörg Bentzien
- Alkermes, Inc. 852 Winter Street, Waltham, MA 02451-1420, USA
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Ren C, Tucker JD, Tang W, Tao X, Liao M, Wang G, Jiao K, Xu Z, Zhao Z, Yan Y, Lin Y, Li C, Wang L, Li Y, Kang D, Ma W. Digital crowdsourced intervention to promote HIV testing among MSM in China: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:931. [PMID: 33203449 PMCID: PMC7673095 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04860-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men who have sex with men (MSM) are an important HIV key population in China. However, HIV testing rates among MSM remain suboptimal. Digital crowdsourced media interventions may be a useful tool to reach this marginalized population. We define digital crowdsourced media as using social media, mobile phone applications, Internet, or other digital approaches to disseminate messages developed from crowdsourcing contests. The proposed cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aims to assess the effectiveness of a digital crowdsourced intervention to increase HIV testing uptake and decrease risky sexual behaviors among Chinese MSM. METHODS A two-arm, cluster-randomized controlled trial will be implemented in eleven cities (ten clusters) in Shandong Province, China. Targeted study participants will be 250 MSM per arm and 50 participants per cluster. MSM who are 18 years old or above, live in the study city, have not been tested for HIV in the past 3 months, are not living with HIV or have never been tested for HIV, and are willing to provide informed consent will be enrolled. Participants will be recruited through banner advertisements on Blued, the largest gay dating app in China, and in-person at community-based organizations (CBOs). The intervention includes a series of crowdsourced intervention materials (24 images and four short videos about HIV testing and safe sexual behaviors) and HIV self-test services provided by the study team. The intervention was developed through a series of participatory crowdsourcing contests before this study. The self-test kits will be sent to the participants in the intervention group at the 2nd and 3rd follow-ups. Participants will be followed up quarterly during the 12-month period. The primary outcome will be self-reported HIV testing uptake at 12 months. Secondary outcomes will include changes in condomless sex, self-test efficacy, social network engagement, HIV testing social norms, and testing stigma. DISCUSSION Innovative approaches to HIV testing among marginalized population are urgently needed. Through this cluster randomized controlled trial, we will evaluate the effectiveness of a digital crowdsourced intervention, improving HIV testing uptake among MSM and providing a resource in related public health fields. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR1900024350 . Registered on 6 July 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ci Ren
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Joseph D Tucker
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Project-China, No. 2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Weiming Tang
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Project-China, No. 2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Xiaorun Tao
- Institution for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Meizhen Liao
- Institution for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Guoyong Wang
- Institution for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Kedi Jiao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zece Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxi Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanxi Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yijun Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Dianmin Kang
- Institution for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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van Niekerk L, Ongkeko A, Hounsell RA, Msiska BK, Mathanga DP, Mothe J, Juban N, Awor P, Balabanova D. Crowdsourcing to identify social innovation initiatives in health in low- and middle-income countries. Infect Dis Poverty 2020; 9:138. [PMID: 33028407 PMCID: PMC7539476 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-00751-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crowdsourcing is a distributed problem-solving and production mechanism that leverages the collective intelligence of non-expert individuals and networked communities for specific goals. Social innovation (SI) initiatives aim to address health challenges in a sustainable manner, with a potential to strengthen health systems. They are developed by actors from different backgrounds and disciplines. This paper describes the application of crowdsourcing as a research method to explore SI initiatives in health. METHODS The study explored crowdsourcing as a method to identify SI initiatives implemented in Africa, Asia and Latin America. While crowdsourcing has been used in high-income country settings, there is limited knowledge on its use, benefits and challenges in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings. From 2014 to 2018, six crowdsourcing contests were conducted at global, regional and national levels. RESULTS A total of 305 eligible projects were identified; of these 38 SI initiatives in health were identified. We describe the process used to perform a crowdsourcing contest for SI, the outcome of the contests, and the challenges and opportunities when using this mechanism in LMICs. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that crowdsourcing is a participatory method, that is able to identify bottom-up or grassroots SI initiatives developed by non-traditional actors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindi van Niekerk
- Graduate School of Business, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Arturo Ongkeko
- College of Medicine / National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Rachel Alice Hounsell
- Graduate School of Business, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | - Josselyn Mothe
- Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Medicas (CIDEIM), Cali, Colombia
- Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Noel Juban
- College of Medicine / National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Phyllis Awor
- School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Lynch R, Young JC, Boakye-Achampong S, Jowaisas C, Sam J, Norlander B. Benefits of crowdsourcing for libraries: A case study from Africa. IFLA JOURNAL-INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF LIBRARY ASSOCIATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0340035220944940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many libraries in the Global South do not collect comprehensive data about themselves, which creates challenges in terms of local and international visibility. Crowdsourcing is an effective tool that engages the public to collect missing data, and it has proven to be particularly valuable in countries where governments collect little public data. Whereas crowdsourcing is often used within fields that have high levels of development funding, such as health, the authors believe that this approach would have many benefits for the library field as well. They present qualitative and quantitative evidence from 23 African countries involved in a crowdsourcing project to map libraries. The authors find benefits in terms of increased connections between stakeholders, capacity-building, and increased local visibility. These findings demonstrate the potential of crowdsourced approaches for tasks such as mapping to benefit libraries and similarly positioned institutions in the Global South in multifaceted ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Lynch
- Technology and Social Change Group, University of Washington, USA
| | - Jason C. Young
- Technology and Social Change Group, University of Washington, USA
| | | | - Chris Jowaisas
- Technology and Social Change Group, University of Washington, USA
| | - Joel Sam
- African Library and Information Associations and Institutions, Ghana
| | - Bree Norlander
- Technology and Social Change Group, University of Washington, USA
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Ben-Sasson A, Ben-Sasson E, Jacobs K, Malinovitch R. The relationship between users’ technology approaches and experiences in a child development mobile application. HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12553-020-00457-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Borda A, Gray K, Fu Y. Research data management in health and biomedical citizen science: practices and prospects. JAMIA Open 2020; 3:113-125. [PMID: 32607493 PMCID: PMC7309241 DOI: 10.1093/jamiaopen/ooz052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Public engagement in health and biomedical research is being influenced by the paradigm of citizen science. However, conventional health and biomedical research relies on sophisticated research data management tools and methods. Considering these, what contribution can citizen science make in this field of research? How can it follow research protocols and produce reliable results? Objective The aim of this article is to analyze research data management practices in existing biomedical citizen science studies, so as to provide insights for members of the public and of the research community considering this approach to research. Methods A scoping review was conducted on this topic to determine data management characteristics of health and bio medical citizen science research. From this review and related web searching, we chose five online platforms and a specific research project associated with each, to understand their research data management approaches and enablers. Results Health and biomedical citizen science platforms and projects are diverse in terms of types of work with data and data management activities that in themselves may have scientific merit. However, consistent approaches in the use of research data management models or practices seem lacking, or at least are not prevalent in the review. Conclusions There is potential for important data collection and analysis activities to be opaque or irreproducible in health and biomedical citizen science initiatives without the implementation of a research data management model that is transparent and accessible to team members and to external audiences. This situation might be improved with participatory development of standards that can be applied to diverse projects and platforms, across the research data life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Borda
- Health and Biomedical Informatics Centre, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kathleen Gray
- Health and Biomedical Informatics Centre, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yuqing Fu
- Health and Biomedical Informatics Centre, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Gardašević G, Katzis K, Bajić D, Berbakov L. Emerging Wireless Sensor Networks and Internet of Things Technologies-Foundations of Smart Healthcare. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E3619. [PMID: 32605071 PMCID: PMC7374296 DOI: 10.3390/s20133619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Future smart healthcare systems - often referred to as Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) - will combine a plethora of wireless devices and applications that use wireless communication technologies to enable the exchange of healthcare data. Smart healthcare requires sufficient bandwidth, reliable and secure communication links, energy-efficient operations, and Quality of Service (QoS) support. The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) solutions into healthcare systems can significantly increase intelligence, flexibility, and interoperability. This work provides an extensive survey on emerging IoT communication standards and technologies suitable for smart healthcare applications. A particular emphasis has been given to low-power wireless technologies as a key enabler for energy-efficient IoT-based healthcare systems. Major challenges in privacy and security are also discussed. A particular attention is devoted to crowdsourcing/crowdsensing, envisaged as tools for the rapid collection of massive quantities of medical data. Finally, open research challenges and future perspectives of IoMT are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Gardašević
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Konstantinos Katzis
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Dragana Bajić
- Faculty of Technical Science, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Lazar Berbakov
- Institute Mihajlo Pupin, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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Iwelunmor J, Ezechi O, Obiezu-Umeh C, Gbaja-Biamila T, Nwaozuru U, Oladele D, Musa AZ, Idigbe I, Uzoaru F, Airhihenbuwa C, Muessig K, Conserve DF, Kapogiannis B, Tucker JD. The 4 youth by youth HIV self-testing crowdsourcing contest: A qualitative evaluation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233698. [PMID: 32469971 PMCID: PMC7259504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Crowdsourcing, a participatory approach to solicit ideas from a large group of diverse individuals, provides an opportunity to nurture youth participation in HIV self-testing service design. The objective of this study was to describe the responses to a crowdsourcing contest aimed at soliciting ideas on how to promote HIV self-testing (HIVST) among young people in Nigeria. METHODS The "4 Youth by Youth" HIV Self-Testing Crowdsourcing contest was an online and off-line contest that asked Nigerian youth (10-24 years old) for ideas in response to the following: How might we promote HIVST among young people in Nigeria? All data were collected and analyzed between October 2018, and June 2019. Ideas and perceptions generated from the crowdsourcing contest were qualitatively analyzed using thematic content analysis. Specifically, four reviewers analyzed whether the ideas generated were desirable (appealing to young people), feasible (easy to implement) and impactful (will significantly influence HIVST uptake among young people). RESULTS A total of 903 entries were received in response to the contest prompt. Participants submitted entries in various forms: online form (39.7%), offline Dropbox (44.6%), email (6.1%) and WhatsApp (9.7%). Of the total entries, 85% (n = 769/903) entries were eligible and were scored as having either high, moderate or low level of feasibility, impact and desirability, on a 3-point Likert scale. A significant portion of the entries were given a score of 3 for feasibility (4.9%), desirability (7.1%), impact (3.0%) or a total overall score of 7 or more (8.2%). The three main themes that emerged from the entries include:1) Peer-to-peer distribution and leveraging on existing infrastructures 2) Youth-Oriented Branding of the HIVST Kit 3) Mobile platforms and social media technology. CONCLUSION The "4 Youth by Youth" Self-Testing contest engaged a broad audience of young people to generate ideas and perspectives on how to promote HIVST. This process informed the development of youth innovated implementation strategies to increase uptake of HIVST among adolescents and youth at risk for HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Iwelunmor
- College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Oliver Ezechi
- Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Chisom Obiezu-Umeh
- College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | | | - Ucheoma Nwaozuru
- College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - David Oladele
- Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adesola Z. Musa
- Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma Idigbe
- Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Florida Uzoaru
- College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Collins Airhihenbuwa
- Heath Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kathryn Muessig
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Donaldson F. Conserve
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bill Kapogiannis
- Maternal and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joseph D. Tucker
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Many communities in the United States are struggling to deal with the negative consequences of illicit opioid use. Effectively addressing this epidemic requires the coordination and support of community stakeholders in a change process with common goals and objectives, continuous engagement with individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) through their treatment and recovery journeys, application of systems engineering principles to drive process change and sustain it, and use of a formal evaluation process to support a learning community that continuously adapts. This review presents strategies to improve OUD treatment and recovery with a focus on engineering approaches grounded in systems thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Griffin
- Regenstrief Center for Healthcare Engineering and Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;
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Cleveland LP, Simon D, Block JP. Federal calorie labelling compliance at US chain restaurants. Obes Sci Pract 2020; 6:207-214. [PMID: 32313679 PMCID: PMC7156941 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The 2010 Affordable Care Act included a provision requiring chain food establishments to post calories on menus. In 2017, prior to the final implementation of the law, 59 of 90 top-selling chains had fully implemented labelling. This study extends the documentation of compliance to the 200 top-selling chains after the nationwide requirement went into effect in May 2018. METHODS To determine if restaurants were compliant with the federal menu labelling law, objective information was collected from all 197 of the 200 highest grossing restaurant chains in the United States. The study team obtained information via site visits and internet searches for a convenience sample of restaurants within each of these chains. RESULTS 94% had implemented menu calorie labelling after the May 2018 deadline. Of the 11 chains not complying, six were full-service restaurants. CONCLUSION Most chain restaurants have complied with the federal calorie labelling law, suggesting that compliance is attainable for all chains. Given this finding, the Food and Drug Administration should initiate enforcement of labelling for noncompliant chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren P. Cleveland
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse (CoRAL), Department of Population MedicineHarvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Denise Simon
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse (CoRAL), Department of Population MedicineHarvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Jason P. Block
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse (CoRAL), Department of Population MedicineHarvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
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Jindal G. An online card‐sorting study to inform the initial low‐fidelity design of a crowdsourced health information system for individuals who have chronic health conditions seeking local health‐related resources. HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/hbe2.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Jindal
- iSchool, College of Information StudiesUniversity of Maryland College Park Maryland
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50
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Murtagh P, Greene G, O'Brien C. Current applications of machine learning in the screening and diagnosis of glaucoma: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:149-162. [PMID: 31956584 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.01.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare the effectiveness of two well described machine learning modalities, ocular coherence tomography (OCT) and fundal photography, in terms of diagnostic accuracy in the screening and diagnosis of glaucoma. METHODS A systematic search of Embase and PubMed databases was undertaken up to 1st of February 2019. Articles were identified alongside their reference lists and relevant studies were aggregated. A Meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy in terms of area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) was performed. For the studies which did not report an AUROC, reported sensitivity and specificity values were combined to create a summary ROC curve which was included in the Meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 23 studies were deemed suitable for inclusion in the Meta-analysis. This included 10 papers from the OCT cohort and 13 from the fundal photos cohort. Random effects Meta-analysis gave a pooled AUROC of 0.957 (95%CI=0.917 to 0.997) for fundal photos and 0.923 (95%CI=0.889 to 0.957) for the OCT cohort. The slightly higher accuracy of fundal photos methods is likely attributable to the much larger database of images used to train the models (59 788 vs 1743). CONCLUSION No demonstrable difference is shown between the diagnostic accuracy of the two modalities. The ease of access and lower cost associated with fundal photo acquisition make that the more appealing option in terms of screening on a global scale, however further studies need to be undertaken, owing largely to the poor study quality associated with the fundal photography cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Murtagh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin D07 R2WY, Ireland
| | - Garrett Greene
- RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin D05 AT88, Ireland
| | - Colm O'Brien
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin D07 R2WY, Ireland
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