1
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Fischer M. Gene regulation by the tumor suppressor p53 - The omics era. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189111. [PMID: 38740351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The transcription factor p53 is activated in response to a variety of cellular stresses and serves as a prominent and potent tumor suppressor. Since its discovery, we have sought to understand how p53 functions as both a transcription factor and a tumor suppressor. Two decades ago, the field of gene regulation entered the omics era and began to study the regulation of entire genomes. The omics perspective has greatly expanded our understanding of p53 functions and has begun to reveal its gene regulatory network. In this mini-review, I discuss recent insights into the p53 transcriptional program from high-throughput analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fischer
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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2
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Lim LQJ, Adler L, Hajaj E, Soria LR, Perry RBT, Darzi N, Brody R, Furth N, Lichtenstein M, Bab-Dinitz E, Porat Z, Melman T, Brandis A, Aylon Y, Ben-Dor S, Orr I, Pri-Or A, Seger R, Shaul Y, Ruppin E, Oren M, Perez M, Meier J, Brunetti-Pierri N, Shema E, Ulitsky I, Erez A, Malitsky S, Itkin M. ASS1 metabolically contributes to the nuclear and cytosolic p53-mediated DNA damage response. Nat Metab 2024:10.1038/s42255-024-01060-5. [PMID: 38858597 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Downregulation of the urea cycle enzyme argininosuccinate synthase (ASS1) in multiple tumors is associated with a poor prognosis partly because of the metabolic diversion of cytosolic aspartate for pyrimidine synthesis, supporting proliferation and mutagenesis owing to nucleotide imbalance. Here, we find that prolonged loss of ASS1 promotes DNA damage in colon cancer cells and fibroblasts from subjects with citrullinemia type I. Following acute induction of DNA damage with doxorubicin, ASS1 expression is elevated in the cytosol and the nucleus with at least a partial dependency on p53; ASS1 metabolically restrains cell cycle progression in the cytosol by restricting nucleotide synthesis. In the nucleus, ASS1 and ASL generate fumarate for the succination of SMARCC1, destabilizing the chromatin-remodeling complex SMARCC1-SNF5 to decrease gene transcription, specifically in a subset of the p53-regulated cell cycle genes. Thus, following DNA damage, ASS1 is part of the p53 network that pauses cell cycle progression, enabling genome maintenance and survival. Loss of ASS1 contributes to DNA damage and promotes cell cycle progression, likely contributing to cancer mutagenesis and, hence, adaptability potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Qiu Jin Lim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lital Adler
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Emma Hajaj
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Medicine D, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Leandro R Soria
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Rotem Ben-Tov Perry
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Naama Darzi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ruchama Brody
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Furth
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Lichtenstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elizabeta Bab-Dinitz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziv Porat
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tevie Melman
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexander Brandis
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Aylon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Irit Orr
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amir Pri-Or
- The De Botton Protein Profiling Institute of the Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rony Seger
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoav Shaul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Lab, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Minervo Perez
- Cancer Data Science Lab, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jordan Meier
- Cancer Data Science Lab, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Genetics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM, School of Advanced Studies), Genomics and Experimental Medicine Program, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Efrat Shema
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Igor Ulitsky
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ayelet Erez
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maxim Itkin
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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3
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Regunath K, Fomin V, Liu Z, Wang P, Hoque M, Tian B, Rabadan R, Prives C. Systematic Characterization of p53-Regulated Long Noncoding RNAs across Human Cancers Reveals Remarkable Heterogeneity among Different Tumor Types. Mol Cancer Res 2024; 22:555-571. [PMID: 38393317 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor protein, a sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor, regulates the expression of a large number of genes, in response to various forms of cellular stress. Although the protein coding target genes of p53 have been well studied, less is known about its role in regulating long noncoding genes and their functional relevance to cancer. Here we report the genome-wide identification of a large set (>1,000) of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), which are putative p53 targets in a colon cancer cell line and in human patient datasets from five different common types of cancer. These lncRNAs have not been annotated by other studies of normal unstressed systems. In the colon cancer cell line, a high proportion of these lncRNAs are uniquely induced by different chemotherapeutic agents that activate p53, whereas others are induced by more than one agent tested. Further, subsets of these lncRNAs independently predict overall and disease-free survival of patients across the five different common cancer types. Interestingly, both genetic alterations and patient survival associated with different lncRNAs are unique to each cancer tested, indicating extraordinary tissue-specific variability in the p53 noncoding response. The newly identified noncoding p53 target genes have allowed us to construct a classifier for tumor diagnosis and prognosis. IMPLICATIONS Our results not only identify myriad p53-regulated long noncoding (lncRNA), they also reveal marked drug-induced, as well as tissue- and tumor-specific heterogeneity in these putative p53 targets and our findings have enabled the construction of robust classifiers for diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kausik Regunath
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Vitalay Fomin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Zhaoqi Liu
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Departments of Systems Biology and Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Pingzhang Wang
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Departments of Systems Biology and Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Mainul Hoque
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Bin Tian
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Departments of Systems Biology and Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Carol Prives
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
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4
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Erazo-Oliveras A, Muñoz-Vega M, Salinas ML, Wang X, Chapkin RS. Dysregulation of cellular membrane homeostasis as a crucial modulator of cancer risk. FEBS J 2024; 291:1299-1352. [PMID: 36282100 PMCID: PMC10126207 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cellular membranes serve as an epicentre combining extracellular and cytosolic components with membranous effectors, which together support numerous fundamental cellular signalling pathways that mediate biological responses. To execute their functions, membrane proteins, lipids and carbohydrates arrange, in a highly coordinated manner, into well-defined assemblies displaying diverse biological and biophysical characteristics that modulate several signalling events. The loss of membrane homeostasis can trigger oncogenic signalling. More recently, it has been documented that select membrane active dietaries (MADs) can reshape biological membranes and subsequently decrease cancer risk. In this review, we emphasize the significance of membrane domain structure, organization and their signalling functionalities as well as how loss of membrane homeostasis can steer aberrant signalling. Moreover, we describe in detail the complexities associated with the examination of these membrane domains and their association with cancer. Finally, we summarize the current literature on MADs and their effects on cellular membranes, including various mechanisms of dietary chemoprevention/interception and the functional links between nutritional bioactives, membrane homeostasis and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Erazo-Oliveras
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Mónica Muñoz-Vega
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Michael L. Salinas
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Center for Environmental Health Research; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
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5
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Serra F, Nieto-Aliseda A, Fanlo-Escudero L, Rovirosa L, Cabrera-Pasadas M, Lazarenkov A, Urmeneta B, Alcalde-Merino A, Nola EM, Okorokov AL, Fraser P, Graupera M, Castillo SD, Sardina JL, Valencia A, Javierre BM. p53 rapidly restructures 3D chromatin organization to trigger a transcriptional response. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2821. [PMID: 38561401 PMCID: PMC10984980 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Activation of the p53 tumor suppressor triggers a transcriptional program to control cellular response to stress. However, the molecular mechanisms by which p53 controls gene transcription are not completely understood. Here, we uncover the critical role of spatio-temporal genome architecture in this process. We demonstrate that p53 drives direct and indirect changes in genome compartments, topologically associating domains, and DNA loops prior to one hour of its activation, which escort the p53 transcriptional program. Focusing on p53-bound enhancers, we report 340 genes directly regulated by p53 over a median distance of 116 kb, with 74% of these genes not previously identified. Finally, we showcase that p53 controls transcription of distal genes through newly formed and pre-existing enhancer-promoter loops in a cohesin dependent manner. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a previously unappreciated architectural role of p53 as regulator at distinct topological layers and provide a reliable set of new p53 direct target genes that may help designs of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Serra
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Mónica Cabrera-Pasadas
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Blanca Urmeneta
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Emanuele M Nola
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrei L Okorokov
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Fraser
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jose L Sardina
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Valencia
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Biola M Javierre
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain.
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6
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Callari M, Sola M, Magrin C, Rinaldi A, Bolis M, Paganetti P, Colnaghi L, Papin S. Cancer-specific association between Tau (MAPT) and cellular pathways, clinical outcome, and drug response. Sci Data 2023; 10:637. [PMID: 37730697 PMCID: PMC10511431 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02543-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau (MAPT) is a microtubule-associated protein causing common neurodegenerative diseases or rare inherited frontotemporal lobar degenerations. Emerging evidence for non-canonical functions of Tau in DNA repair and P53 regulation suggests its involvement in cancer. To bring new evidence for a relevant role of Tau in cancer, we carried out an in-silico pan-cancer analysis of MAPT transcriptomic profile in over 10000 clinical samples from 32 cancer types and over 1300 pre-clinical samples from 28 cancer types provided by the TCGA and the DEPMAP datasets respectively. MAPT expression associated with key cancer hallmarks including inflammation, proliferation, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition, showing cancer-specific patterns. In some cancer types, MAPT functional networks were affected by P53 mutational status. We identified new associations of MAPT with clinical outcomes and drug response in a context-specific manner. Overall, our findings indicate that the MAPT gene is a potential major player in multiple types of cancer. Importantly, the impact of Tau on cancer seems to be heavily influenced by the specific cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Sola
- Laboratory for Aging Disorders, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Magrin
- Laboratory for Aging Disorders, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Marco Bolis
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Computational Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milano, Italy
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Core Unit, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Paganetti
- Laboratory for Aging Disorders, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.
| | - Luca Colnaghi
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Stéphanie Papin
- Laboratory for Aging Disorders, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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7
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Li Q, Liu X, Wen J, Chen X, Xie B, Zhao Y. Enhancer RNAs: mechanisms in transcriptional regulation and functions in diseases. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:191. [PMID: 37537618 PMCID: PMC10398997 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, increasingly more non-coding RNAs have been detected with the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), and piwi-interacting RNA (piRNAs). The discovery of enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) in 2010 has further broadened the range of non-coding RNAs revealed. eRNAs are non-coding RNA molecules produced by the transcription of DNA cis-acting elements, enhancer fragments. Recent studies revealed that the transcription of eRNAs may be a biological marker responding to enhancer activity that can participate in the regulation of coding gene transcription. In this review, we discussed the biological characteristics of eRNAs, their functions in transcriptional regulation, the regulation factors of eRNAs production, and the research progress of eRNAs in different diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Targeted Therapy for Gynecologic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No.63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Targeted Therapy for Gynecologic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No.63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtao Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Targeted Therapy for Gynecologic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No.63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Targeted Therapy for Gynecologic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No.63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Bumin Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Targeted Therapy for Gynecologic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No.63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Targeted Therapy for Gynecologic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No.63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, 510150, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Tatavosian R, Donovan MG, Galbraith MD, Duc HN, Szwarc MM, Joshi MU, Frieman A, Bilousova G, Cao Y, Smith KP, Song K, Rachubinski AL, Andrysik Z, Espinosa JM. Cell differentiation modifies the p53 transcriptional program through a combination of gene silencing and constitutive transactivation. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:952-965. [PMID: 36681780 PMCID: PMC10070495 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 transcription factor is a master regulator of cellular responses to stress that is commonly inactivated in diverse cancer types. Despite decades of research, the mechanisms by which p53 impedes tumorigenesis across vastly different cellular contexts requires further investigation. The bulk of research has been completed using in vitro studies of cancer cell lines or in vivo studies in mouse models, but much less is known about p53 action in diverse non-transformed human tissues. Here, we investigated how different cellular states modify the p53 transcriptional program in human cells through a combination of computational analyses of publicly available large-scale datasets and in vitro studies using an isogenic system consisting of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and two derived lineages. Analysis of publicly available mRNA expression and genetic dependency data demonstrated wide variation in terms of expression and function of a core p53 transcriptional program across various tissues and lineages. To monitor the impact of cell differentiation on the p53 transcriptome within an isogenic cell culture system, we activated p53 by pharmacological inhibition of its negative regulator MDM2. Using cell phenotyping assays and genome wide transcriptome analyses, we demonstrated that cell differentiation confines and modifies the p53 transcriptional network in a lineage-specific fashion. Although hundreds of p53 target genes are transactivated in iPSCs, only a small fraction is transactivated in each of the differentiated lineages. Mechanistic studies using small molecule inhibitors and genetic knockdowns revealed the presence of two major regulatory mechanisms contributing to this massive heterogeneity across cellular states: gene silencing by epigenetic regulatory complexes and constitutive transactivation by lineage-specific transcription factors. Altogether, these results illuminate the impact of cell differentiation on the p53 program, thus advancing our understanding of how this tumor suppressor functions in different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roubina Tatavosian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Micah G Donovan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Matthew D Galbraith
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Huy N Duc
- Functional Genomics Facility, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Maria M Szwarc
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Molishree U Joshi
- Functional Genomics Facility, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Amy Frieman
- Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ganna Bilousova
- Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Yingqiong Cao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Keith P Smith
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kunhua Song
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Angela L Rachubinski
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Section of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Zdenek Andrysik
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Joaquin M Espinosa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Functional Genomics Facility, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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9
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Pant V, Sun C, Lozano G. Tissue specificity and spatio-temporal dynamics of the p53 transcriptional program. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:897-905. [PMID: 36755072 PMCID: PMC10070629 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors regulate hundreds of genes and p53 is no exception. As a stress responsive protein, p53 transactivates an array of downstream targets which define its role in maintaining physiological functions of cells/tissues. Despite decades of studies, our understanding of the p53 in vivo transcriptional program is still incomplete. Here we discuss some of the physiological stressors that activate p53, the pathological and physiological implications of p53 activation and the molecular profiling of the p53 transcriptional program in maintaining tissue homeostasis. We argue that the p53 transcriptional program is spatiotemporally regulated in a tissue-specific manner and define a p53 target signature that faithfully depicts p53 activity. We further emphasize that additional in vivo studies are needed to refine the p53 transactivation profile to harness it for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Pant
- Department of Genetics, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chang Sun
- Department of Genetics, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- Department of Genetics, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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10
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Szwarc MM, Guarnieri AL, Joshi M, Duc HN, Laird MC, Pandey A, Khanal S, Dohm E, Bui AK, Sullivan KD, Galbraith MD, Andrysik Z, Espinosa JM. FAM193A is a positive regulator of p53 activity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112230. [PMID: 36897777 PMCID: PMC10164416 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of the p53 tumor suppressor, either by mutations or through hyperactivation of repressors such as MDM2 and MDM4, is a hallmark of cancer. Although many inhibitors of the p53-MDM2/4 interaction have been developed, such as Nutlin, their therapeutic value is limited by highly heterogeneous cellular responses. We report here a multi-omics investigation of the cellular response to MDM2/4 inhibitors, leading to identification of FAM193A as a widespread regulator of p53 function. CRISPR screening identified FAM193A as necessary for the response to Nutlin. FAM193A expression correlates with Nutlin sensitivity across hundreds of cell lines. Furthermore, genetic codependency data highlight FAM193A as a component of the p53 pathway across diverse tumor types. Mechanistically, FAM193A interacts with MDM4, and FAM193A depletion stabilizes MDM4 and inhibits the p53 transcriptional program. Last, FAM193A expression is associated with better prognosis in multiple malignancies. Altogether, these results identify FAM193A as a positive regulator of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Szwarc
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Anna L Guarnieri
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Molishree Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Functional Genomics Facility, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Huy N Duc
- Functional Genomics Facility, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Madison C Laird
- Functional Genomics Facility, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ahwan Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Santosh Khanal
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Emily Dohm
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Aimee K Bui
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kelly D Sullivan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Matthew D Galbraith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Zdenek Andrysik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Joaquin M Espinosa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Functional Genomics Facility, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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11
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Integrative bioinformatic analysis of p53 and pathway alterations in two different lung cancer subtypes. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 33:101404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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12
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Wang H, Guo M, Wei H, Chen Y. Targeting p53 pathways: mechanisms, structures, and advances in therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:92. [PMID: 36859359 PMCID: PMC9977964 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The TP53 tumor suppressor is the most frequently altered gene in human cancers, and has been a major focus of oncology research. The p53 protein is a transcription factor that can activate the expression of multiple target genes and plays critical roles in regulating cell cycle, apoptosis, and genomic stability, and is widely regarded as the "guardian of the genome". Accumulating evidence has shown that p53 also regulates cell metabolism, ferroptosis, tumor microenvironment, autophagy and so on, all of which contribute to tumor suppression. Mutations in TP53 not only impair its tumor suppressor function, but also confer oncogenic properties to p53 mutants. Since p53 is mutated and inactivated in most malignant tumors, it has been a very attractive target for developing new anti-cancer drugs. However, until recently, p53 was considered an "undruggable" target and little progress has been made with p53-targeted therapies. Here, we provide a systematic review of the diverse molecular mechanisms of the p53 signaling pathway and how TP53 mutations impact tumor progression. We also discuss key structural features of the p53 protein and its inactivation by oncogenic mutations. In addition, we review the efforts that have been made in p53-targeted therapies, and discuss the challenges that have been encountered in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolan Wang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Hudie Wei
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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13
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Zheng M, Lin Y, Wang W, Zhao Y, Bao X. Application of nucleoside or nucleotide analogues in RNA dynamics and RNA-binding protein analysis. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2022; 13:e1722. [PMID: 35218164 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cellular RNAs undergo dynamic changes during RNA biological processes, which are tightly orchestrated by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Yet, the investigation of RNA dynamics is hurdled by highly abundant steady-state RNAs, which make the signals of dynamic RNAs less detectable. Notably, the exert of nucleoside or nucleotide analogue-based RNA technologies has provided a remarkable platform for RNA dynamics research, revealing diverse unnoticed features in RNA metabolism. In this review, we focus on the application of two types of analogue-based RNA sequencing, antigen-/antibody- and click chemistry-based methodologies, and summarize the RNA dynamics features revealed. Moreover, we discuss emerging single-cell newly transcribed RNA sequencing methodologies based on nucleoside analogue labeling, which provides novel insights into RNA dynamics regulation at single-cell resolution. On the other hand, we also emphasize the identification of RBPs that interact with polyA, non-polyA RNAs, or newly transcribed RNAs and also their associated RNA-binding domains at genomewide level through ultraviolet crosslinking and mass spectrometry in different contexts. We anticipated that further modification and development of these analogue-based RNA and RBP capture technologies will aid in obtaining an unprecedented understanding of RNA biology. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Recognition RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics and Chemistry RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in Cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifeng Zheng
- Center for Cell Lineage and Development, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Lin
- Center for Cell Lineage and Development, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Center for Infection and Immunity Study, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangming Science City, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Center for Biosafety, Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xichen Bao
- Center for Cell Lineage and Development, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Cell Lineage and Atlas, Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
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14
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Ingelshed K, Spiegelberg D, Kannan P, Påvénius L, Hacheney J, Jiang L, Eisinger S, Lianoudaki D, Lama D, Castillo F, Bosdotter C, Kretzschmar WW, Al-Radi O, Fritz N, Villablanca EJ, Karlsson MCI, Wermeling F, Nestor M, Lane DP, Sedimbi SK. The MDM2 Inhibitor Navtemadlin Arrests Mouse Melanoma Growth In Vivo and Potentiates Radiotherapy. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:1075-1088. [PMID: 36922937 PMCID: PMC10010373 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 is mutated in close to 50% of human tumors and is dysregulated in many others, for instance by silencing or loss of p14ARF. Under steady-state conditions, the two E3 ligases MDM2/MDM4 interact with and inhibit the transcriptional activity of p53. Inhibition of p53-MDM2/4 interaction to reactivate p53 in tumors with wild-type (WT) p53 has therefore been considered a therapeutic strategy. Moreover, studies indicate that p53 reactivation may synergize with radiation and increase tumor immunogenicity. In vivo studies of most MDM2 inhibitors have utilized immunodeficient xenograft mouse models, preventing detailed studies of action of these molecules on the immune response. The mouse melanoma cell line B16-F10 carries functional, WT p53 but does not express the MDM2 regulator p19ARF. In this study, we tested a p53-MDM2 protein-protein interaction inhibitor, the small molecule Navtemadlin, which is currently being tested in phase II clinical trials. Using mass spectrometry-based proteomics and imaging flow cytometry, we identified specific protein expression patterns following Navtemadlin treatment of B16-F10 melanoma cells compared with their p53 CRISPR-inactivated control cells. In vitro, Navtemadlin induced a significant, p53-dependent, growth arrest but little apoptosis in B16-F10 cells. When combined with radiotherapy, Navtemadlin showed synergistic effects and increased apoptosis. In vivo, Navtemadlin treatment significantly reduced the growth of B16-F10 melanoma cells implanted in C57Bl/6 mice. Our data highlight the utility of a syngeneic B16-F10 p53+/+ mouse melanoma model for assessing existing and novel p53-MDM2/MDM4 inhibitors and in identifying new combination therapies that can efficiently eliminate tumors in vivo. Significance The MDM2 inhibitor Navtemadlin arrests mouse tumor growth and potentiates radiotherapy. Our results support a threshold model for apoptosis induction that requires a high, prolonged p53 signaling for cancer cells to become apoptotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Ingelshed
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diana Spiegelberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pavitra Kannan
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linnéa Påvénius
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Hacheney
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Long Jiang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silke Eisinger
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Danai Lianoudaki
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dilraj Lama
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francisca Castillo
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Bosdotter
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Omayma Al-Radi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Fritz
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eduardo J. Villablanca
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael C. I. Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Wermeling
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marika Nestor
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David P. Lane
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Corresponding Authors: Saikiran K. Sedimbi and David P. Lane, Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Nobels Väg 16, Stockholm, SE-17177, Sweden. Phone: +46 852 448 6452; E-mail: ; Phone: +46 852 448 6452; E-mail:
| | - Saikiran K. Sedimbi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Corresponding Authors: Saikiran K. Sedimbi and David P. Lane, Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Nobels Väg 16, Stockholm, SE-17177, Sweden. Phone: +46 852 448 6452; E-mail: ; Phone: +46 852 448 6452; E-mail:
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15
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Huang Y, Yi Q, Feng J, Xie W, Sun W, Sun W. The role of lincRNA-p21 in regulating the biology of cancer cells. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1640-1649. [PMID: 35969349 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00768-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a type of multifunctional endogenous RNA transcript. The dysregulation of lncRNAs is considered to play a role in the initiation and progression of cancer. One such lncRNA, long intergenic non-coding RNA-p21 (lincRNA-p21), was identified in 2010 as a regulator in the p53 pathway and is gradually being identified to play crucial roles in diverse cellular processes. In this review, we have summarised the diverse regulatory functions of lincRNA-p21. For example, lincRNA-p21 has been reported to function as a protein decoy, act as a competitive endogenous RNA, regulate the transcription, regulate the translation processes and exist in the secreted exosomes. Furthermore, we highlight the emerging roles of lincRNA-p21 in cancer cell regulation. Various types of cancers, including colorectal carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma, aberrantly express lincRNA-p21. However, the current understanding of the roles of lincRNA-p21 in cancer remains limited. Therefore, considering its potential as a valuable therapeutic target or biomarker for cancer, more research should be conducted to understand the role of lincRNA-p21 in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Suining First People's Hospital, Suining, 629000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Yi
- The Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
| | - Weichao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China. .,The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People' Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
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16
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Ananthapadmanabhan V, Frost TC, Soroko KM, Knott A, Magliozzi BJ, Gokhale PC, Tirunagaru VG, Doebele RC, DeCaprio JA. Milademetan is a highly potent MDM2 inhibitor in Merkel cell carcinoma. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e160513. [PMID: 35801592 PMCID: PMC9310528 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin with 2 etiologies. Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) integration is present in about 80% of all MCC. Virus-positive MCC (MCCP) tumors have few somatic mutations and usually express WT p53 (TP53). By contrast, virus-negative MCC (MCCN) tumors present with a high tumor mutational burden and predominantly UV mutational signature. MCCN tumors typically contain mutated TP53. MCCP tumors express 2 viral proteins: MCPyV small T antigen and a truncated form of large T antigen. MCPyV ST specifically activates expression of MDM2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase of p53, to inhibit p53-mediated tumor suppression. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of milademetan, a potent, selective, and orally available MDM2 inhibitor in several MCC models. Milademetan reduced cell viability of WT p53 MCC cell lines and triggered a rapid and sustained p53 response. Milademetan showed a dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth in MKL-1 xenograft and patient-derived xenograft models. Here, along with preclinical data for the efficacy of milademetan in WT p53 MCC tumors, we report several in vitro and in vivo models useful for future MCC studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Ananthapadmanabhan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas C. Frost
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Virology, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kara M. Soroko
- Experimental Therapeutics Core at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aine Knott
- Experimental Therapeutics Core at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brianna J. Magliozzi
- Experimental Therapeutics Core at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Prafulla C. Gokhale
- Experimental Therapeutics Core at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - James A. DeCaprio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Virology, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Padariya M, Jooste ML, Hupp T, Fåhraeus R, Vojtesek B, Vollrath F, Kalathiya U, Karakostis K. The Elephant evolved p53 isoforms that escape mdm2-mediated repression and cancer. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6632613. [PMID: 35792674 PMCID: PMC9279639 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor is a transcription factor with roles in cell development, apoptosis, oncogenesis, aging, and homeostasis in response to stresses and infections. p53 is tightly regulated by the MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase. The p53–MDM2 pathway has coevolved, with MDM2 remaining largely conserved, whereas the TP53 gene morphed into various isoforms. Studies on prevertebrate ancestral homologs revealed the transition from an environmentally induced mechanism activating p53 to a tightly regulated system involving cell signaling. The evolution of this mechanism depends on structural changes in the interacting protein motifs. Elephants such as Loxodonta africana constitute ideal models to investigate this coevolution as they are large and long-living as well as having 20 copies of TP53 isoformic sequences expressing a variety of BOX-I MDM2-binding motifs. Collectively, these isoforms would enhance sensitivity to cellular stresses, such as DNA damage, presumably accounting for strong cancer defenses and other adaptations favoring healthy aging. Here we investigate the molecular evolution of the p53–MDM2 system by combining in silico modeling and in vitro assays to explore structural and functional aspects of p53 isoforms retaining the MDM2 interaction, whereas forming distinct pools of cell signaling. The methodology used demonstrates, for the first time that in silico docking simulations can be used to explore functional aspects of elephant p53 isoforms. Our observations elucidate structural and mechanistic aspects of p53 regulation, facilitate understanding of complex cell signaling, and suggest testable hypotheses of p53 evolution referencing Peto’s Paradox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monikaben Padariya
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk , ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk , Poland
| | - Mia-Lyn Jooste
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Ted Hupp
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Robin Fåhraeus
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk , ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk , Poland
- Inserm UMRS1131, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire , Université Paris 7, Hôpital St. Louis, F-75010 Paris , France
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute , 65653 Brno , Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University , 90185 Umeå , Sweden
| | - Borek Vojtesek
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute , 65653 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Fritz Vollrath
- Department of Zoology, Zoology Research and Administration Building, University of Oxford , Oxford, UK
- Save the Elephants Marula Manor , Marula Lane, Karen P.O. Box 54667. Nairobi 00200. Kenya Office: +254 720 441 178
| | - Umesh Kalathiya
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk , ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk , Poland
| | - Konstantinos Karakostis
- Inserm UMRS1131, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire , Université Paris 7, Hôpital St. Louis, F-75010 Paris , France
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) , Spain
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18
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Differential cofactor dependencies define distinct types of human enhancers. Nature 2022; 606:406-413. [PMID: 35650434 PMCID: PMC7613064 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
All multicellular organisms rely on differential gene transcription regulated by genomic enhancers, which function through cofactors that are recruited by transcription factors1,2. Emerging evidence suggests that not all cofactors are required at all enhancers3-5, yet whether these observations reflect more general principles or distinct types of enhancers remained unknown. Here we categorized human enhancers by their cofactor dependencies and show that these categories provide a framework to understand the sequence and chromatin diversity of enhancers and their roles in different gene-regulatory programmes. We quantified enhancer activities along the entire human genome using STARR-seq6 in HCT116 cells, following the rapid degradation of eight cofactors. This analysis identified different types of enhancers with distinct cofactor requirements, sequences and chromatin properties. Some enhancers were insensitive to the depletion of the core Mediator subunit MED14 or the bromodomain protein BRD4 and regulated distinct transcriptional programmes. In particular, canonical Mediator7 seemed dispensable for P53-responsive enhancers, and MED14-depleted cells induced endogenous P53 target genes. Similarly, BRD4 was not required for the transcription of genes that bear CCAAT boxes and a TATA box (including histone genes and LTR12 retrotransposons) or for the induction of heat-shock genes. This categorization of enhancers through cofactor dependencies reveals distinct enhancer types that can bypass broadly utilized cofactors, which illustrates how alternative ways to activate transcription separate gene expression programmes and provide a conceptual framework to understand enhancer function and regulatory specificity.
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19
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Winkler L, Jimenez M, Zimmer JT, Williams A, Simon MD, Dimitrova N. Functional elements of the cis-regulatory lincRNA-p21. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110687. [PMID: 35443176 PMCID: PMC9118141 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53-induced long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) lincRNA-p21 is proposed to act in cis to promote p53-dependent expression of the neighboring cell cycle gene, Cdkn1a/p21. The molecular mechanism through which the transcribed lincRNA-p21 regulatory locus activates p21 expression remains poorly understood. To elucidate the functional elements of cis-regulation, we generate a series of genetic models that disrupt DNA regulatory elements, the transcription of lincRNA-p21, or the accumulation of mature lincRNA-p21. Unexpectedly, we determine that full-length transcription, splicing, and accumulation of lincRNA-p21 are dispensable for the chromatin organization of the locus and for cis-regulation. Instead, we find that production of lincRNA-p21 through conserved regions in exon 1 of lincRNA-p21 promotes cis-activation. These findings demonstrate that the activation of nascent transcription from this lncRNA locus, but not the generation or accumulation of a mature lncRNA transcript, is necessary to enact local gene expression control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Winkler
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Maria Jimenez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Joshua T Zimmer
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Institute for Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Adam Williams
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Matthew D Simon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Institute for Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Nadya Dimitrova
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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20
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Advanced Strategies for Therapeutic Targeting of Wild-Type and Mutant p53 in Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040548. [PMID: 35454137 PMCID: PMC9029346 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes a sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor activated by stressful stimuli; it upregulates target genes involved in growth suppression, cell death, DNA repair, metabolism, among others. TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in tumors, with mutations not only leading to loss-of-function (LOF), but also gain-of-function (GOF) that promotes tumor progression, and metastasis. The tumor-specific status of mutant p53 protein has suggested it is a promising target for cancer therapy. We summarize the current progress of targeting wild-type and mutant p53 for cancer therapy through biotherapeutic and biopharmaceutical methods for (1) boosting p53 activity in cancer, (2) p53-dependent and p53-independent strategies for targeting p53 pathway functional restoration in p53-mutated cancer, (3) targeting p53 in immunotherapy, and (4) combination therapies targeting p53, p53 checkpoints, or mutant p53 for cancer therapy.
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21
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Jiménez A, Lu D, Kalocsay M, Berberich MJ, Balbi P, Jambhekar A, Lahav G. Time‐series transcriptomics and proteomics reveal alternative modes to decode p53 oscillations. Mol Syst Biol 2022; 18:e10588. [PMID: 35285572 PMCID: PMC8919251 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202110588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Jiménez
- Department of Systems Biology Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Systems Biology Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Marian Kalocsay
- Department of Systems Biology Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Matthew J Berberich
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
- Center for Protein Degradation Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA
| | - Petra Balbi
- Department of Systems Biology Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Ashwini Jambhekar
- Department of Systems Biology Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Galit Lahav
- Department of Systems Biology Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
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22
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Prediction of histone post-translational modification patterns based on nascent transcription data. Nat Genet 2022; 54:295-305. [PMID: 35273399 PMCID: PMC9444190 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The role of histone modifications in transcription remains incompletely understood. Here, we examine the relationship between histone modifications and transcription using experimental perturbations combined with sensitive machine-learning tools. Transcription predicted the variation in active histone marks and complex chromatin states, like bivalent promoters, down to single-nucleosome resolution and at an accuracy that rivaled the correspondence between independent ChIP-seq experiments. Blocking transcription rapidly removed two punctate marks, H3K4me3 and H3K27ac, from chromatin indicating that transcription is required for active histone modifications. Transcription was also required for maintenance of H3K27me3, consistent with a role for RNA in recruiting PRC2. A subset of DNase-I-hypersensitive sites were refractory to prediction, precluding models where transcription initiates pervasively at any open chromatin. Our results, in combination with past literature, support a model in which active histone modifications serve a supportive, rather than an essential regulatory, role in transcription.
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23
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Hunter S, Sigauke RF, Stanley JT, Allen MA, Dowell RD. Protocol variations in run-on transcription dataset preparation produce detectable signatures in sequencing libraries. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:187. [PMID: 35255806 PMCID: PMC8900324 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08352-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A variety of protocols exist for producing whole genome run-on transcription datasets. However, little is known about how differences between these protocols affect the signal within the resulting libraries. Results Using run-on transcription datasets generated from the same biological system, we show that a variety of GRO- and PRO-seq preparation methods leave identifiable signatures within each library. Specifically we show that the library preparation method results in differences in quality control metrics, as well as differences in the signal distribution at the 5 ′ end of transcribed regions. These shifts lead to disparities in eRNA identification, but do not impact analyses aimed at inferring the key regulators involved in changes to transcription. Conclusions Run-on sequencing protocol variations result in technical signatures that can be used to identify both the enrichment and library preparation method of a particular data set. These technical signatures are batch effects that limit detailed comparisons of pausing ratios and eRNAs identified across protocols. However, these batch effects have only limited impact on our ability to infer which regulators underlie the observed transcriptional changes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1186/s12864-022-08352-8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Hunter
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309, USA
| | - Rutendo F Sigauke
- Computational Bioscience Program, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, 80045, USA
| | - Jacob T Stanley
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, 80301, USA
| | - Mary A Allen
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309, USA
| | - Robin D Dowell
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309, USA. .,Computational Bioscience Program, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, 80045, USA. .,Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, 80301, USA. .,Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309, USA.
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24
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Feng S, Huang Q, Deng J, Jia W, Gong J, Xie D, Shen J, Liu L. DAB2IP suppresses tumor malignancy by inhibiting GRP75-driven p53 ubiquitination in colon cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 532:215588. [PMID: 35150809 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that DAB2IP acts as a tumor suppressor and plays an inhibitory role in many signals associated with tumorigenesis. However, the underlying mechanism of this function remains unclear. Our study shows that DAB2IP was positively associated with a good prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer and wild-type p53 expression. An in vitro assay showed that DAB2IP elicited potent tumor-suppressive effects by inhibiting cell invasiveness and colony formation and promoting cell apoptosis in wild-type p53 colon cancer cells. In addition, DAB2IP improved the stability of wild-type p53 by inhibiting its degradation in a ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent manner. Using mass spectrometry profiling, we revealed that DAB2IP and p53 interacted with the ubiquitin ligase-related protein GRP75. Mechanistically, DAB2IP is competitively bound to GRP75, thus reducing GRP75-driven p53 ubiquitination and degradation. Moreover, the Ras-GAP domain was required for the DAB2IP-GRP75 interaction and DAB2IP-mediated p53 ubiquitination. Finally, animal experiments revealed that DAB2IP inhibited tumor progression in vivo. In conclusion, our study presents a novel function of DAB2IP in GRP75-driven wild-type p53 degradation, providing new insight into DAB2IP-induced tumor suppression and a novel molecular interpretation of the p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China; Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Qingwen Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China; Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Jiao Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China; Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Weiyi Jia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China; Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Jianping Gong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China; Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Daxing Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China; Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China; Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China; Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
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25
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Ou X, Zhou X, Li J, Ye J, Liu H, Fang D, Cai Q, Cai S, He Y, Xu J. p53-Induced LINC00893 Regulates RBFOX2 Stability to Suppress Gastric Cancer Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:796451. [PMID: 35127712 PMCID: PMC8807521 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.796451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to regulate diverse tumorigenic processes. However, little is known about long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 00893 (LINC00893) and its role in gastric cancer (GC). Herein we investigated its biological functions and molecular mechanism in GC. LINC00893 was decreased in GC tissues but significantly elevated in AGS cells after treatment with Nutlin-3. In GC patients, it was found that low expression of LINC00893 was correlated with tumor growth, metastasis and poor survival. Functionally, overexpression of LINC00893 suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells. Mechanistically, LINC00893 regulated the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins by binding to RNA binding fox-1 homolog 2 (RBFOX2) and promoting its ubiquitin-mediated degradation, thus suppressing the EMT and related functions of GC. In addition, the transcription factor p53 can regulate the expression of LINC00893 in an indirect way. Taken together, these results suggested that LINC00893 regulated by p53 repressed GC proliferation, migration and invasion by functioning as a binding site for RBFOX2 to regulate its stability and the expression of EMT-related proteins. LINC00893 acts as a tumor-inhibiting lncRNA that is induced by p53 in GC and regulates EMT by binding to RBFOX2, thus providing a novel experimental basis for the clinical treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinde Ou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Digestive Disease Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinning Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haohan Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deliang Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinbo Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shirong Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulong He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Digestive Disease Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Yulong He, ; Jianbo Xu,
| | - Jianbo Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yulong He, ; Jianbo Xu,
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26
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Xie C, Abrams SR, Herranz-Pérez V, García-Verdugo JM, Reiter JF. Endoderm development requires centrioles to restrain p53-mediated apoptosis in the absence of ERK activity. Dev Cell 2021; 56:3334-3348.e6. [PMID: 34932949 PMCID: PMC8797031 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Centrioles comprise the heart of centrosomes, microtubule-organizing centers. To study the function of centrioles in lung and gut development, we genetically disrupted centrioles throughout the mouse endoderm. Surprisingly, removing centrioles from the endoderm did not disrupt intestinal growth or development but blocked lung branching. In the lung, acentriolar SOX2-expressing airway epithelial cells apoptosed. Loss of centrioles activated p53, and removing p53 restored survival of SOX2-expressing cells, lung branching, and mouse viability. To investigate how endodermal p53 activation specifically killed acentriolar SOX2-expressing cells, we assessed ERK, a prosurvival cue. ERK was active throughout the intestine and in the distal lung buds, correlating with tolerance to centriole loss. Pharmacologically inhibiting ERK activated apoptosis in acentriolar cells, revealing that ERK activity protects acentriolar cells from apoptosis. Therefore, centrioles are largely dispensable for endodermal growth and the spatial distribution of ERK activity in the endoderm shapes the developmental consequences of centriolar defects and p53 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shaun R Abrams
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vicente Herranz-Pérez
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Predepartamental Unit of Medicine, Jaume I University, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | | | - Jeremy F Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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27
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Genome-wide integrated analysis reveals functions of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions in Atlantic salmon challenged by Aeromonas salmonicida. Genomics 2021; 114:328-339. [PMID: 34933071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas salmonicida (A. salmonicida) is a pathogenic bacterium that causes serious problems in the global Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the profiles of lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs in gills of Atlantic salmon at high-dose A. salmonicida infection (3.06 × 108 CFU/mL), low-dose A. salmonicida infection (3.06 × 105 CFU/mL), and a PBS (100 μL) control. We identified 65 differentially expressed lncRNAs, 41 miRNAs, and 512 mRNAs between the control group and infection groups. Functional analysis showed that these genes were significantly enriched in the p53 signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. In addition, we predicted key genes in immune-related pathways and constructed a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network based on whole transcriptomic analysis. We further predicted three lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axes as potential novel biomarkers in regulating the immune response of Atlantic salmon against A. salmonicida infection.
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28
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Mehta S, Campbell H, Drummond CJ, Li K, Murray K, Slatter T, Bourdon JC, Braithwaite AW. Adaptive homeostasis and the p53 isoform network. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e53085. [PMID: 34779563 PMCID: PMC8647153 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
All living organisms have developed processes to sense and address environmental changes to maintain a stable internal state (homeostasis). When activated, the p53 tumour suppressor maintains cell and organ integrity and functions in response to homeostasis disruptors (stresses) such as infection, metabolic alterations and cellular damage. Thus, p53 plays a fundamental physiological role in maintaining organismal homeostasis. The TP53 gene encodes a network of proteins (p53 isoforms) with similar and distinct biochemical functions. The p53 network carries out multiple biological activities enabling cooperation between individual cells required for long‐term survival of multicellular organisms (animals) in response to an ever‐changing environment caused by mutation, infection, metabolic alteration or damage. In this review, we suggest that the p53 network has evolved as an adaptive response to pathogen infections and other environmental selection pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunali Mehta
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hamish Campbell
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Catherine J Drummond
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kunyu Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kaisha Murray
- Dundee Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Tania Slatter
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jean-Christophe Bourdon
- Dundee Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Antony W Braithwaite
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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29
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Kunisky AK, Anyaeche VI, Herron RS, Park CY, Hwang HW. Shift in MSL1 alternative polyadenylation in response to DNA damage protects cancer cells from chemotherapeutic agent-induced apoptosis. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109815. [PMID: 34644577 PMCID: PMC8580136 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage reshapes the cellular transcriptome by modulating RNA transcription and processing. In cancer cells, these changes can alter the expression of genes in the immune surveillance and cell death pathways. Here, we investigate how DNA damage impacts alternative polyadenylation (APA) using the PAPERCLIP technique. We find that APA shifts are a coordinated response for hundreds of genes to DNA damage, and we identify PCF11 as an important contributor of DNA damage-induced APA shifts. One of these APA shifts results in upregulation of the full-length MSL1 mRNA isoform, which protects cells from DNA damage-induced apoptosis and promotes cell survival from DNA-damaging agents. Importantly, blocking MSL1 upregulation enhances cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents even in the absence of p53 and overcomes chemoresistance. Our study demonstrates that characterizing adaptive APA shifts to DNA damage has therapeutic implications and reveals a link between PCF11, the MSL complex, and DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Kunisky et al. use PAPERCLIP profiling to identify a DNA damage-induced shift in mRNA alternative polyadenylation in the MSL1 gene. Blocking this response promotes apoptosis and amplifies the cytotoxic effects of DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K Kunisky
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Vivian I Anyaeche
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - R Samuel Herron
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Christopher Y Park
- Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Hun-Way Hwang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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30
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Parrello D, Vlasenok M, Kranz L, Nechaev S. Targeting the Transcriptome Through Globally Acting Components. Front Genet 2021; 12:749850. [PMID: 34603400 PMCID: PMC8481634 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.749850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription is a step in gene expression that defines the identity of cells and its dysregulation is associated with diseases. With advancing technologies revealing molecular underpinnings of the cell with ever-higher precision, our ability to view the transcriptomes may have surpassed our knowledge of the principles behind their organization. The human RNA polymerase II (Pol II) machinery comprises thousands of components that, in conjunction with epigenetic and other mechanisms, drive specialized programs of development, differentiation, and responses to the environment. Parts of these programs are repurposed in oncogenic transformation. Targeting of cancers is commonly done by inhibiting general or broadly acting components of the cellular machinery. The critical unanswered question is how globally acting or general factors exert cell type specific effects on transcription. One solution, which is discussed here, may be among the events that take place at genes during early Pol II transcription elongation. This essay turns the spotlight on the well-known phenomenon of promoter-proximal Pol II pausing as a step that separates signals that establish pausing genome-wide from those that release the paused Pol II into the gene. Concepts generated in this rapidly developing field will enhance our understanding of basic principles behind transcriptome organization and hopefully translate into better therapies at the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Parrello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Maria Vlasenok
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lincoln Kranz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Sergei Nechaev
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, ND, United States
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31
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p53-Dependent Repression: DREAM or Reality? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194850. [PMID: 34638334 PMCID: PMC8508069 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tumor suppressor p53 is a complex cell signaling hub encompassing multiple transcription programs and governs a vast repertoire of biological responses. However, despite several decades of research, how p53 selects one program over another is still elusive. Recent attempts have used meta-analyses of p53 ChIP-seq data to determine the core p53 transcriptional program, conserved across different models and stimuli. This review highlights the complexity of the multiple layers of p53 regulation and the context specificity of p53 target genes. More specifically, we discuss the controversy over the mechanisms of p53-dependent transcriptional repression and its potential role in the flexibility of p53 response. Abstract p53 is a major tumor suppressor that integrates diverse types of signaling in mammalian cells. In response to a broad range of intra- or extra-cellular stimuli, p53 controls the expression of multiple target genes and elicits a vast repertoire of biological responses. The exact code by which p53 integrates the various stresses and translates them into an appropriate transcriptional response is still obscure. p53 is tightly regulated at multiple levels, leading to a wide diversity in p53 complexes on its target promoters and providing adaptability to its transcriptional program. As p53-targeted therapies are making their way into clinics, we need to understand how to direct p53 towards the desired outcome (i.e., cell death, senescence or other) selectively in cancer cells without affecting normal tissues or the immune system. While the core p53 transcriptional program has been proposed, the mechanisms conferring a cell type- and stimuli-dependent transcriptional outcome by p53 require further investigations. The mechanism by which p53 localizes to repressed promoters and manages its co-repressor interactions is controversial and remains an important gap in our understanding of the p53 cistrome. We hope that our review of the recent literature will help to stimulate the appreciation and investigation of largely unexplored p53-mediated repression.
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The Δ40p53 isoform inhibits p53-dependent eRNA transcription and enables regulation by signal-specific transcription factors during p53 activation. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001364. [PMID: 34351910 PMCID: PMC8370613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The naturally occurring Δ40p53 isoform heterotetramerizes with wild-type p53 (WTp53) to regulate development, aging, and stress responses. How Δ40p53 alters WTp53 function remains enigmatic because their co-expression causes tetramer heterogeneity. We circumvented this issue with a well-tested strategy that expressed Δ40p53:WTp53 as a single transcript, ensuring a 2:2 tetramer stoichiometry. Human MCF10A cell lines expressing Δ40p53:WTp53, WTp53, or WTp53:WTp53 (as controls) from the native TP53 locus were examined with transcriptomics (precision nuclear run-on sequencing [PRO-seq] and RNA sequencing [RNA-seq]), metabolomics, and other methods. Δ40p53:WTp53 was transcriptionally active, and, although phenotypically similar to WTp53 under normal conditions, it failed to induce growth arrest upon Nutlin-induced p53 activation. This occurred via Δ40p53:WTp53-dependent inhibition of enhancer RNA (eRNA) transcription and subsequent failure to induce mRNA biogenesis, despite similar genomic occupancy to WTp53. A different stimulus (5-fluorouracil [5FU]) also showed Δ40p53:WTp53-specific changes in mRNA induction; however, other transcription factors (TFs; e.g., E2F2) could then drive the response, yielding similar outcomes vs. WTp53. Our results establish that Δ40p53 tempers WTp53 function to enable compensatory responses by other stimulus-specific TFs. Such modulation of WTp53 activity may be an essential physiological function for Δ40p53. Moreover, Δ40p53:WTp53 functional distinctions uncovered herein suggest an eRNA requirement for mRNA biogenesis and that human p53 evolved as a tetramer to support eRNA transcription. How does Δ40p53, a naturally occurring isoform of p53 that is linked to accelerated aging, alter WTp53 function? Using an innovative approach, this study reveals that Δ40p53 suppresses enhancer RNA transcription and allows other stimulus-specific transcription factors to modulate the p53 transcriptional response.
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WIP1 Inhibition by GSK2830371 Potentiates HDM201 through Enhanced p53 Phosphorylation and Activation in Liver Adenocarcinoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153876. [PMID: 34359777 PMCID: PMC8345393 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Patients with advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) have a very poor prognosis, and no targeted therapy is approved for advanced iCCA. A therapeutic strategy for wild-type p53 cancers is the reactivation of p53 by inhibition of its the negative regulators, MDM2, and WIP1. In the present study, we used HDM201 (an MDM2-p53 binding antagonist) to increase p53 stabilization and upregulate the expression of downstream targets (p21 and MDM2) in RBE and SK-Hep-1 liver adenocarcinoma cell lines. The survival rate and clonogenicity decreased after HDM201 treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Combined treatment with HDM201 and GSK2830371 (WIP1 inhibitor) increased p53 phosphorylation, leading to sustained p53 activation. This combination treatment resulted in G2/M phase arrest and promoted cytotoxicity compared with MDM2 inhibitor monotherapy. Furthermore, increased expression of p53 signaling pathway target genes were identified following combination treatment with HDM201 and GSK2830371, suggesting potential roles for this combination strategy in iCCA therapy. Abstract Background: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is an adenocarcinoma arising from the intrahepatic bile duct. It is the second most common primary liver cancer and has a poor prognosis. Activation of p53 by targeting its negative regulators, MDM2 and WIP1, is a potential therapy for wild-type p53 cancers, but few reports for iCCA or liver adenocarcinoma exist. Methods: Both RBE and SK-Hep-1 liver adenocarcinoma cell lines were treated with the HDM201 (Siremadlin) MDM2-p53 binding antagonist alone or in combination with the GSK2830371 WIP1 phosphatase inhibitor. Cell proliferation, clonogenicity, protein and mRNA expression, cell cycle distribution, and RNA sequencing were performed to investigate the effect and mechanism of this combination. Results: GSK2830371 alone demonstrated minimal activity on proliferation and colony formation, but potentiated growth inhibition (two-fold decrease in GI50) and cytotoxicity (four-fold decrease in IC50) by HDM201 on RBE and SK-Hep-1 cells. HDM201 increased p53 protein expression, leading to transactivation of downstream targets (p21 and MDM2). Combination with GSK2830371 increased p53 phosphorylation, resulting in an increase in both p53 accumulation and p53-dependent trans-activation. G2/M arrest was observed by flow cytometry after this treatment combination. RNA sequencing identified 21 significantly up-regulated genes and five downregulated genes following p53 reactivation by HDM201 in combination with GSK2830371 at 6 h and 24 h time points compared with untreated controls. These genes were predominantly known transcriptional targets regulated by the p53 signaling pathway, indicating enhanced p53 activation as the predominant effect of this combination. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that GSK2830371 enhanced the p53-dependent antiproliferative and cytotoxic effect of HDM201 on RBE and SK-Hep-1 cells, providing a novel strategy for potentiating the efficacy of targeting the p53 pathway in iCCA.
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The p53 transcriptional response across tumor types reveals core and senescence-specific signatures modulated by long noncoding RNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2025539118. [PMID: 34326251 PMCID: PMC8346867 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025539118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The work by Tesfaye and colleagues defines universal and tumor type–specific features of the p53 tumor suppressor transcriptional network. This study determines a “core” signature of the p53 response across different oncogenic contexts, which defines a universal set of p53 target genes. In addition, this study clarifies the basis for outcome specificity downstream of p53 activation in different oncogenic contexts. We observe that while apoptosis in lymphoma cells is not primarily determined by p53’s transcriptional activity, p53 indirectly promotes senescence in lung adenocarcinoma and sarcoma cells by activating the cis-regulatory long noncoding RNA Pvt1b, which represses Myc levels and its proliferative function. The p53 pathway is a universal tumor suppressor mechanism that limits tumor progression by triggering apoptosis or permanent cell cycle arrest, called senescence. In recent years, efforts to reactivate p53 function in cancer have proven to be a successful therapeutic strategy in murine models and have gained traction with the development of a range of small molecules targeting mutant p53. However, knowledge of the downstream mediators of p53 reactivation in different oncogenic contexts has been limited. Here, we utilized a panel of murine cancer cell lines from three distinct tumor types susceptible to alternative outcomes following p53 restoration to define unique and shared p53 transcriptional signatures. While we found that the majority of p53-bound sites and p53-responsive transcripts are tumor-type specific, analysis of shared targets identified a core signature of genes activated by p53 across all contexts. Furthermore, we identified repression of E2F and Myc target genes as a key feature of senescence. Characterization of p53-induced transcripts revealed core and senescence-specific long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are predominantly chromatin associated and whose production is coupled to cis-regulatory activities. Functional investigation of the contributions of p53-induced lncRNAs to p53-dependent outcomes highlighted Pvt1b, the p53-dependent isoform of Pvt1, as a mediator of p53-dependent senescence via Myc repression. Inhibition of Pvt1b led to decreased activation of senescence markers and increased levels of markers of proliferation. These findings shed light on the core and outcome-specific p53 restoration signatures across different oncogenic contexts and underscore the key role of the p53-Pvt1b-Myc regulatory axis in mediating proliferative arrest.
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Liao H, Gaur A, Mauvais C, Denicourt C. p53 induces a survival transcriptional response after nucleolar stress. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:ar3. [PMID: 34319761 PMCID: PMC8684752 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-05-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that increased ribosome biogenesis is a hallmark of cancer. It is well established that inhibition of any steps of ribosome biogenesis induces nucleolar stress characterized by p53 activation and subsequent cell cycle arrest and/or cell death. However, cells derived from solid tumors have demonstrated different degrees of sensitivity to ribosome biogenesis inhibition, where cytostatic effects rather than apoptosis are observed. The reason for this is not clear, and the p53-specific transcriptional program induced after nucleolar stress has not been previously investigated. Here we demonstrate that blocking rRNA synthesis by depletion of essential rRNA processing factors such as LAS1L, PELP1, and NOP2 or by inhibition of RNA Pol I with the specific small molecule inhibitor CX-5461, mainly induce cell cycle arrest accompanied by autophagy in solid tumor–derived cell lines. Using gene expression analysis, we find that p53 orchestrates a transcriptional program involved in promoting metabolic remodeling and autophagy to help cells survive under nucleolar stress. Importantly, our study demonstrates that blocking autophagy significantly sensitizes cancer cells to RNA Pol I inhibition by CX-5461, suggesting that interfering with autophagy should be considered a strategy to heighten the responsiveness of ribosome biogenesis–targeted therapies in p53-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anushri Gaur
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Claire Mauvais
- Current address: UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Catherine Denicourt
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Jung J, Liao H, Coker SA, Liang H, Hancock JF, Denicourt C, Venkatachalam K. p53 mitigates the effects of oncogenic HRAS in urothelial cells via the repression of MCOLN1. iScience 2021; 24:102701. [PMID: 34222845 PMCID: PMC8243020 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of TRPML1, which is encoded by MCOLN1, is known to deter cell proliferation in various malignancies. Here, we report that the tumor suppressor, p53, represses MCOLN1 in the urothelium such that either the constitutive loss or ectopic knockdown of TP53-in both healthy and bladder cancer cells-increased MCOLN1 expression. Conversely, nutlin-mediated activation of p53 led to the repression of MCOLN1. Elevated MCOLN1 expression in p53-deficient cancer cells, though not sufficient for bolstering proliferation, augmented the effects of oncogenic HRAS on proliferation, cytokine production, and invasion. Our data suggest that owing to derepression of MCOLN1, urothelial cells lacking p53 are poised for tumorigenesis driven by oncogenic HRAS. Given our prior findings that HRAS mutations predict addiction to TRPML1, this study points to the utility of TRPML1 inhibitors for mitigating the growth of a subset of urothelial tumors that lack p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jewon Jung
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Han Liao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shannon A. Coker
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John F. Hancock
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center and UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Catherine Denicourt
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center and UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kartik Venkatachalam
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center and UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, MD Anderson Cancer Center and UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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Woodstock DL, Sammons MA, Fischer M. p63 and p53: Collaborative Partners or Dueling Rivals? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:701986. [PMID: 34291055 PMCID: PMC8287303 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.701986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 and its oncogenic sibling p63 (ΔNp63) direct opposing fates in tumor development. These paralog proteins are transcription factors that elicit their tumor suppressive and oncogenic capacity through the regulation of both shared and unique target genes. Both proteins predominantly function as activators of transcription, leading to a paradigm shift away from ΔNp63 as a dominant negative to p53 activity. The discovery of p53 and p63 as pioneer transcription factors regulating chromatin structure revealed new insights into how these paralogs can both positively and negatively influence each other to direct cell fate. The previous view of a strict rivalry between the siblings needs to be revisited, as p53 and p63 can also work together toward a common goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana L Woodstock
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Morgan A Sammons
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Martin Fischer
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
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Higgins CE, Tang J, Higgins SP, Gifford CC, Mian BM, Jones DM, Zhang W, Costello A, Conti DJ, Samarakoon R, Higgins PJ. The Genomic Response to TGF-β1 Dictates Failed Repair and Progression of Fibrotic Disease in the Obstructed Kidney. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:678524. [PMID: 34277620 PMCID: PMC8284093 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.678524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is a common and diagnostic hallmark of a spectrum of chronic renal disorders. While the etiology varies as to the causative nature of the underlying pathology, persistent TGF-β1 signaling drives the relentless progression of renal fibrotic disease. TGF-β1 orchestrates the multifaceted program of kidney fibrogenesis involving proximal tubular dysfunction, failed epithelial recovery or re-differentiation, capillary collapse and subsequent interstitial fibrosis eventually leading to chronic and ultimately end-stage disease. An increasing complement of non-canonical elements function as co-factors in TGF-β1 signaling. p53 is a particularly prominent transcriptional co-regulator of several TGF-β1 fibrotic-response genes by complexing with TGF-β1 receptor-activated SMADs. This cooperative p53/TGF-β1 genomic cluster includes genes involved in cellular proliferative control, survival, apoptosis, senescence, and ECM remodeling. While the molecular basis for this co-dependency remains to be determined, a subset of TGF-β1-regulated genes possess both p53- and SMAD-binding motifs. Increases in p53 expression and phosphorylation, moreover, are evident in various forms of renal injury as well as kidney allograft rejection. Targeted reduction of p53 levels by pharmacologic and genetic approaches attenuates expression of the involved genes and mitigates the fibrotic response confirming a key role for p53 in renal disorders. This review focuses on mechanisms underlying TGF-β1-induced renal fibrosis largely in the context of ureteral obstruction, which mimics the pathophysiology of pediatric unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction, and the role of p53 as a transcriptional regulator within the TGF-β1 repertoire of fibrosis-promoting genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig E. Higgins
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Stephen P. Higgins
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Cody C. Gifford
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Badar M. Mian
- The Urological Institute of Northeastern New York, Albany, NY, United States
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - David M. Jones
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Wenzheng Zhang
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Angelica Costello
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - David J. Conti
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Rohan Samarakoon
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Paul J. Higgins
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
- The Urological Institute of Northeastern New York, Albany, NY, United States
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
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Mushimiyimana I, Tomas Bosch V, Niskanen H, Downes NL, Moreau PR, Hartigan K, Ylä-Herttuala S, Laham-Karam N, Kaikkonen MU. Genomic Landscapes of Noncoding RNAs Regulating VEGFA and VEGFC Expression in Endothelial Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2021; 41:e0059420. [PMID: 33875575 PMCID: PMC8224232 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00594-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are best known as key regulators of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Although VEGFs have been promising therapeutic targets for various cardiovascular diseases, their regulatory landscape in endothelial cells remains elusive. Several studies have highlighted the involvement of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the modulation of VEGF expression. In this study, we investigated the role of two classes of ncRNAs, long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), in the transcriptional regulation of VEGFA and VEGFC. By integrating genome-wide global run-on sequencing (GRO-Seq) and chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) data, we identified putative lncRNAs and eRNAs associated with VEGFA and VEGFC genes in endothelial cells. A subset of the identified putative enhancers demonstrated regulatory activity in a reporter assay. Importantly, we demonstrate that deletion of enhancers and lncRNAs by CRISPR/Cas9 promoted significant changes in VEGFA and VEGFC expression. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) data from lncRNA deletions showed downstream factors implicated in VEGFA- and VEGFC-linked pathways, such as angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, suggesting functional roles for these lncRNAs. Our study uncovers novel lncRNAs and eRNAs regulating VEGFA and VEGFC that can be targeted to modulate the expression of these important molecules in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidore Mushimiyimana
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vanesa Tomas Bosch
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henri Niskanen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nicholas L. Downes
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pierre R. Moreau
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Heart Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nihay Laham-Karam
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna U. Kaikkonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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40
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Kaatsch HL, Becker BV, Schüle S, Ostheim P, Nestler K, Jakobi J, Schäfer B, Hantke T, Brockmann MA, Abend M, Waldeck S, Port M, Scherthan H, Ullmann R. Gene expression changes and DNA damage after ex vivo exposure of peripheral blood cells to various CT photon spectra. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12060. [PMID: 34103547 PMCID: PMC8187728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-energy CT provides enhanced diagnostic power with similar or even reduced radiation dose as compared to single-energy CT. Its principle is based on the distinct physical properties of low and high energetic photons, which, however, may also affect the biological effectiveness and hence the extent of CT-induced cellular damage. Therefore, a comparative analysis of biological effectiveness of dual- and single-energy CT scans with focus on early gene regulation and frequency of radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) was performed. Blood samples from three healthy individuals were irradiated ex vivo with single-energy (80 kV and 150 kV) and dual-energy tube voltages (80 kV/Sn150kV) employing a modern dual source CT scanner resulting in Volume Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDIvol) of 15.79-18.26 mGy and dose length product (DLP) of 606.7-613.8 mGy*cm. Non-irradiated samples served as a control. Differential gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was analyzed 6 h after irradiation using whole transcriptome sequencing. DSB frequency was studied by 53BP1 + γH2AX co-immunostaining and microscopic evaluation of their focal accumulation at DSBs. Neither the analysis of gene expression nor DSB frequency provided any evidence for significantly increased biological effectiveness of dual-energy CT in comparison to samples irradiated with particular single-energy CT spectra. Relative to control, irradiated samples were characterized by a significantly higher rate of DSBs (p < 0.001) and the shared upregulation of five genes, AEN, BAX, DDB2, FDXR and EDA2R, which have already been suggested as radiation-induced biomarkers in previous studies. Despite steadily decreasing doses, CT diagnostics remain a genotoxic stressor with impact on gene regulation and DNA integrity. However, no evidence was found that varying X-ray spectra of CT impact the extent of cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanns Leonhard Kaatsch
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Valentin Becker
- Department of Radiology, Bundeswehr Central Hospital Koblenz, Rübenacher Straße 170, 56072, Koblenz, Germany.
| | - Simone Schüle
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Ostheim
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Kai Nestler
- Department of Radiology, Bundeswehr Central Hospital Koblenz, Rübenacher Straße 170, 56072, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Julia Jakobi
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Schäfer
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Hantke
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc A Brockmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55101, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Waldeck
- Department of Radiology, Bundeswehr Central Hospital Koblenz, Rübenacher Straße 170, 56072, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Ullmann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany.
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Rubin JD, Stanley JT, Sigauke RF, Levandowski CB, Maas ZL, Westfall J, Taatjes DJ, Dowell RD. Transcription factor enrichment analysis (TFEA) quantifies the activity of multiple transcription factors from a single experiment. Commun Biol 2021; 4:661. [PMID: 34079046 PMCID: PMC8172830 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Detecting changes in the activity of a transcription factor (TF) in response to a perturbation provides insights into the underlying cellular process. Transcription Factor Enrichment Analysis (TFEA) is a robust and reliable computational method that detects positional motif enrichment associated with changes in transcription observed in response to a perturbation. TFEA detects positional motif enrichment within a list of ranked regions of interest (ROIs), typically sites of RNA polymerase initiation inferred from regulatory data such as nascent transcription. Therefore, we also introduce muMerge, a statistically principled method of generating a consensus list of ROIs from multiple replicates and conditions. TFEA is broadly applicable to data that informs on transcriptional regulation including nascent transcription (eg. PRO-Seq), CAGE, histone ChIP-Seq, and accessibility data (e.g., ATAC-Seq). TFEA not only identifies the key regulators responding to a perturbation, but also temporally unravels regulatory networks with time series data. Consequently, TFEA serves as a hypothesis-generating tool that provides an easy, rigorous, and cost-effective means to broadly assess TF activity yielding new biological insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Rubin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jacob T Stanley
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Rutendo F Sigauke
- Computational Bioscience Program, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Zachary L Maas
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jessica Westfall
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Dylan J Taatjes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Robin D Dowell
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
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Ma Q, Yang F, Mackintosh C, Jayani RS, Oh S, Jin C, Nair SJ, Merkurjev D, Ma W, Allen S, Wang D, Almenar-Queralt A, Garcia-Bassets I. Super-Enhancer Redistribution as a Mechanism of Broad Gene Dysregulation in Repeatedly Drug-Treated Cancer Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107532. [PMID: 32320655 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is an antineoplastic drug administered at suboptimal and intermittent doses to avoid life-threatening effects. Although this regimen shortly improves symptoms in the short term, it also leads to more malignant disease in the long term. We describe a multilayered analysis ranging from chromatin to translation-integrating chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq), global run-on sequencing (GRO-seq), RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and ribosome profiling-to understand how cisplatin confers (pre)malignant features by using a well-established ovarian cancer model of cisplatin exposure. This approach allows us to segregate the human transcriptome into gene modules representing distinct regulatory principles and to characterize that the most cisplatin-disrupted modules are associated with underlying events of super-enhancer plasticity. These events arise when cancer cells initiate without ultimately ending the program of drug-stimulated death. Using a PageRank-based algorithm, we predict super-enhancer regulator ISL1 as a driver of this plasticity and validate this prediction by using CRISPR/dCas9-KRAB inhibition (CRISPRi) and CRISPR/dCas9-VP64 activation (CRISPRa) tools. Together, we propose that cisplatin reprograms cancer cells when inducing them to undergo near-to-death experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ma
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Carlos Mackintosh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ranveer Singh Jayani
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Soohwan Oh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chunyu Jin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sreejith Janardhanan Nair
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daria Merkurjev
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wubin Ma
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Stephanie Allen
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Angels Almenar-Queralt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ivan Garcia-Bassets
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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43
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Su A, Tabata Y, Aoki K, Sada A, Ohki R, Nagatoishi S, Tsumoto K, Wang S, Otani Y, Ohwada T. Elaboration of Non-naturally Occurring Helical Tripeptides as p53-MDM2/MDMX Interaction Inhibitors. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:681-692. [PMID: 33952867 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are often mediated by helical, strand and/or coil secondary structures at the interface regions. We previously showed that non-naturally occurring, stable helical trimers of bicyclic β-amino acids (Abh) with all-trans amide bonds can block the p53-MDM2/MDMX α-helix-helix interaction, which plays a role in regulating p53 function. Here, we conducted docking and molecular dynamics calculations to guide the structural optimization of our reported compounds, focusing on modifications of the C-terminal/N-terminal residues. We confirmed that the modified peptides directly bind to MDM2 by means of thermal shift assay, isothermal titration calorimetry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) experiments. Biological activity assay in human osteosarcoma cell line SJSA-1, which has wild-type p53 and amplification of the Mdm2 gene, indicated that these peptides are membrane-permeable p53-MDM2/MDMX interaction antagonists that can rescue p53 function in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoze Su
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yuko Tabata
- Laboratory of Fundamental Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Kiyono Aoki
- Laboratory of Fundamental Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Akane Sada
- Laboratory of Fundamental Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Rieko Ohki
- Laboratory of Fundamental Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | | | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo.,School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yuko Otani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Tomohiko Ohwada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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44
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Meng D, Guo K, Zhang D, Zhao C, Sun C, Zhang F. Ring finger 20/ring finger 40/WW domain-containing adaptor with coiled-coil complex interacts with p53 to regulate gene transcription in DNA damage response. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:436. [PMID: 33868474 PMCID: PMC8045150 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 is one of the most important tumor suppressor genes, and its primary function is to act as a transcriptional activator to control cell cycle arrest, DNA repair and cellular metabolism by recognizing and binding to specific DNA sequences. Defects in the ring finger (RNF)20/RNF40/WW domain-containing adaptor with coiled-coil (WAC) complex, one of the histone H2B ubiquitination E3 ligases, have been reported to be a key factor in oncogenesis, cancer cell migration and invasion. Histone H2B mono-ubiquitination has been demonstrated to be essential for maintaining the functionality of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. The aim of the present study was to identify any sites in the p53 DNA-binding domain (DBD) specific to the RNF20/RNF40/WAC complex that may be involved in the gene regulation in DNA damage response. The results demonstrated that p53 and the RNF20/RNF40/WAC complex interacted with each other, and the coiled-coil regions in RNF20, RNF40 and WAC were identified to directly interact with p53. The R282 site in the p53 DBD, one of the frequent missense mutations associated with p53 mutation-dependent cancer, was demonstrated to be the key binding site for the RNF20/RNF40/WAC complex. Furthermore, knockout of RNF20/RNF40 suppressed the expression levels of p53 and its target genes in HCT116 cells compared with those in wild-type HCT116 cells. Consistent with these results, the R282W mutation in p53 inhibited the expression levels of p53 and its downstream genes by inactivating the interaction between p53 and RNF20/RNF40 compared with those in wild-type HCT116 cells. In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed the molecular mechanism of the interaction between the RNF20/RNF40/WAC complex and p53, and demonstrated that these proteins regulated gene transcription in the DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Kun Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Die Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Chuanwen Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
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45
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Global Analyses to Identify Direct Transcriptional Targets of p53. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 33786783 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1217-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor p53 controls a gene expression program with pleiotropic effects on cell biology including cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Identifying direct p53 target genes within this network and determining how they influence cell fate decisions downstream of p53 activation is a prerequisite for designing therapeutic approaches that target p53 to effectively kill cancer cells. Here we describe a comprehensive multi-omics approach for identifying genes that are direct transcriptional targets of p53. We provide detailed procedures for measuring global RNA polymerase activity, defining p53 binding sites across the genome, and quantifying changes in steady-state mRNA in response to p53 activation.
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46
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Valente LJ, Tarangelo A, Li AM, Naciri M, Raj N, Boutelle AM, Li Y, Mello SS, Bieging-Rolett K, DeBerardinis RJ, Ye J, Dixon SJ, Attardi LD. p53 deficiency triggers dysregulation of diverse cellular processes in physiological oxygen. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:152074. [PMID: 32886745 PMCID: PMC7594498 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201908212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which TP53, the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer, suppresses tumorigenesis remain unclear. p53 modulates various cellular processes, such as apoptosis and proliferation, which has led to distinct cellular mechanisms being proposed for p53-mediated tumor suppression in different contexts. Here, we asked whether during tumor suppression p53 might instead regulate a wide range of cellular processes. Analysis of mouse and human oncogene-expressing wild-type and p53-deficient cells in physiological oxygen conditions revealed that p53 loss concurrently impacts numerous distinct cellular processes, including apoptosis, genome stabilization, DNA repair, metabolism, migration, and invasion. Notably, some phenotypes were uncovered only in physiological oxygen. Transcriptomic analysis in this setting highlighted underappreciated functions modulated by p53, including actin dynamics. Collectively, these results suggest that p53 simultaneously governs diverse cellular processes during transformation suppression, an aspect of p53 function that would provide a clear rationale for its frequent inactivation in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz J Valente
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Amy Tarangelo
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Albert Mao Li
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Marwan Naciri
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nitin Raj
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Anthony M Boutelle
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Yang Li
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Stephano Spano Mello
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Kathryn Bieging-Rolett
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jiangbin Ye
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Laura D Attardi
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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47
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Rizzotto D, Zaccara S, Rossi A, Galbraith MD, Andrysik Z, Pandey A, Sullivan KD, Quattrone A, Espinosa JM, Dassi E, Inga A. Nutlin-Induced Apoptosis Is Specified by a Translation Program Regulated by PCBP2 and DHX30. Cell Rep 2021; 30:4355-4369.e6. [PMID: 32234473 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of p53 by the small molecule Nutlin can result in a combination of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The relative strength of these events is difficult to predict by classical gene expression analysis, leaving uncertainty as to the therapeutic benefits. In this study, we report a translational control mechanism shaping p53-dependent apoptosis. Using polysome profiling, we establish Nutlin-induced apoptosis to associate with the enhanced translation of mRNAs carrying multiple copies of an identified 3' UTR CG-rich motif mediating p53-dependent death (CGPD-motif). We identify PCBP2 and DHX30 as CGPD-motif interactors. We find that in cells undergoing persistent cell cycle arrest in response to Nutlin, CGPD-motif mRNAs are repressed by the PCBP2-dependent binding of DHX30 to the motif. Upon DHX30 depletion in these cells, the translation of CGPD-motif mRNAs increases, and the response to Nutlin shifts toward apoptosis. Instead, DHX30 inducible overexpression in SJSA1 cells leads to decreased translation of CGPD-motif mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Rizzotto
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Sara Zaccara
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Annalisa Rossi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Matthew D Galbraith
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80203, USA
| | - Zdenek Andrysik
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80203, USA
| | - Ahwan Pandey
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80203, USA
| | - Kelly D Sullivan
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80203, USA
| | - Alessandro Quattrone
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Joaquín M Espinosa
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80203, USA
| | - Erik Dassi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy.
| | - Alberto Inga
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy.
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48
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Tian X, Ahsan N, Lulla A, Lev A, Abbosh P, Dicker DT, Zhang S, El-Deiry WS. P53-independent partial restoration of the p53 pathway in tumors with mutated p53 through ATF4 transcriptional modulation by ERK1/2 and CDK9. Neoplasia 2021; 23:304-325. [PMID: 33582407 PMCID: PMC7890376 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A long-term goal in the cancer-field has been to develop strategies for treating p53-mutated tumors. A novel small-molecule, PG3-Oc, restores p53 pathway-signaling in tumor cells with mutant-p53, independently of p53/p73. PG3-Oc partially upregulates the p53-transcriptome (13.7% of public p53 target-gene dataset; 15.2% of in-house dataset) and p53-proteome (18%, HT29; 16%, HCT116-p53−/−). Bioinformatic analysis indicates critical p53-effectors of growth-arrest (p21), apoptosis (PUMA, DR5, Noxa), autophagy (DRAM1), and metastasis-suppression (NDRG1) are induced by PG3-Oc. ERK1/2- and CDK9-kinases are required to upregulate ATF4 by PG3-Oc which restores p53 transcriptomic-targets in cells without functional-p53. PG3-Oc represses MYC (ATF4-independent), and upregulates PUMA (ATF4-dependent) in mediating cell death. With largely nonoverlapping transcriptomes, induced-ATF4 restores p53 transcriptomic targets in drug-treated cells including functionally important mediators such as PUMA and DR5. Our results demonstrate novel p53-independent drug-induced molecular reprogramming involving ERK1/2, CDK9, and ATF4 to restore upregulation of p53 effector genes required for cell death and tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Tian
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA; Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nagib Ahsan
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, USA; COBRE Center for Cancer Research Development, Proteomics Core Facility, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Amriti Lulla
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Avital Lev
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip Abbosh
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David T Dicker
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA; Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shengliang Zhang
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA; Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA; Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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49
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Nita A, Muto Y, Katayama Y, Matsumoto A, Nishiyama M, Nakayama KI. The autism-related protein CHD8 contributes to the stemness and differentiation of mouse hematopoietic stem cells. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108688. [PMID: 33535054 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 8 (CHD8) is an ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling factor that is encoded by the most frequently mutated gene in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. CHD8 is expressed not only in neural tissues but also in many other organs; however, its functions are largely unknown. Here, we show that CHD8 is highly expressed in and maintains the stemness of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Conditional deletion of Chd8 specifically in mouse bone marrow induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and a differentiation block in HSCs in association with upregulation of the expression of p53 target genes. A colony formation assay and bone marrow transplantation reveal that CHD8 deficiency also compromises the stemness of HSCs. Furthermore, additional ablation of p53 rescues the impaired stem cell function and differentiation block of CHD8-deficient HSCs. Our results thus suggest that the CHD8-p53 axis plays a key role in regulation of the stemness and differentiation of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Nita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Muto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuta Katayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akinobu Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nishiyama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Keiichi I Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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50
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Gally F, Sasse SK, Kurche JS, Gruca MA, Cardwell JH, Okamoto T, Chu HW, Hou X, Poirion OB, Buchanan J, Preissl S, Ren B, Colgan SP, Dowell RD, Yang IV, Schwartz DA, Gerber AN. The MUC5B-associated variant rs35705950 resides within an enhancer subject to lineage- and disease-dependent epigenetic remodeling. JCI Insight 2021; 6:144294. [PMID: 33320836 PMCID: PMC7934873 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.144294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The G/T transversion rs35705950, located approximately 3 kb upstream of the MUC5B start site, is the cardinal risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Here, we investigate the function and chromatin structure of this –3 kb region and provide evidence that it functions as a classically defined enhancer subject to epigenetic programming. We use nascent transcript analysis to show that RNA polymerase II loads within 10 bp of the G/T transversion site, definitively establishing enhancer function for the region. By integrating Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) analysis of fresh and cultured human airway epithelial cells with nuclease sensitivity data, we demonstrate that this region is in accessible chromatin that affects the expression of MUC5B. Through applying paired single-nucleus RNA- and ATAC-seq to frozen tissue from IPF lungs, we extend these findings directly to disease, with results indicating that epigenetic programming of the –3 kb enhancer in IPF occurs in both MUC5B-expressing and nonexpressing lineages. In aggregate, our results indicate that the MUC5B-associated variant rs35705950 resides within an enhancer that is subject to epigenetic remodeling and contributes to pathologic misexpression in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Gally
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sarah K Sasse
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Jonathan S Kurche
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Margaret A Gruca
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado-Boulder (CU Boulder), Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Tsukasa Okamoto
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hong W Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Hou
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Olivier B Poirion
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Justin Buchanan
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sebastian Preissl
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Bing Ren
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Robin D Dowell
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado-Boulder (CU Boulder), Boulder, Colorado, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, and.,Computer Science, CU Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Ivana V Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Anthony N Gerber
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
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