1
|
Lima JT, Ferreira JG. Mechanobiology of the nucleus during the G2-M transition. Nucleus 2024; 15:2330947. [PMID: 38533923 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2330947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular behavior is continuously influenced by mechanical forces. These forces span the cytoskeleton and reach the nucleus, where they trigger mechanotransduction pathways that regulate downstream biochemical events. Therefore, the nucleus has emerged as a regulator of cellular response to mechanical stimuli. Cell cycle progression is regulated by cyclin-CDK complexes. Recent studies demonstrated these biochemical pathways are influenced by mechanical signals, highlighting the interdependence of cellular mechanics and cell cycle regulation. In particular, the transition from G2 to mitosis (G2-M) shows significant changes in nuclear structure and organization, ranging from nuclear pore complex (NPC) and nuclear lamina disassembly to chromosome condensation. The remodeling of these mechanically active nuclear components indicates that mitotic entry is particularly sensitive to forces. Here, we address how mechanical forces crosstalk with the nucleus to determine the timing and efficiency of the G2-M transition. Finally, we discuss how the deregulation of nuclear mechanics has consequences for mitosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana T Lima
- Epithelial Polarity and Cell Division Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Programa Doutoral em Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge G Ferreira
- Epithelial Polarity and Cell Division Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
van der Graaf K, Srivastav S, Nishad R, Stern M, McNew JA. The Drosophila Nesprin-1 homolog MSP300 is required for muscle autophagy and proteostasis. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs262096. [PMID: 38757366 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.262096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Nesprin proteins, which are components of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, are located within the nuclear envelope and play prominent roles in nuclear architecture. For example, LINC complex proteins interact with both chromatin and the cytoskeleton. Here, we report that the Drosophila Nesprin MSP300 has an additional function in autophagy within larval body wall muscles. RNAi-mediated MSP300 knockdown in larval body wall muscles resulted in defects in the contractile apparatus, muscle degeneration and defective autophagy. In particular, MSP300 knockdown caused accumulation of cytoplasmic aggregates that contained poly-ubiquitylated cargo, as well as the autophagy receptor ref(2)P (the fly homolog of p62 or SQSTM) and Atg8a. Furthermore, MSP300 knockdown larvae expressing an mCherry-GFP-tagged Atg8a transgene exhibited aberrant persistence of the GFP signal within these aggregates, indicating failure of autophagosome maturation. These autophagy deficits were similar to those exhibited by loss of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) fusion protein Atlastin (Atl), raising the possibility that Atl and MSP300 might function in the same pathway. In support of this possibility, we found that a GFP-tagged MSP300 protein trap exhibited extensive localization to the ER. Alteration of ER-directed MSP300 might abrogate important cytoskeletal contacts necessary for autophagosome completion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajkishor Nishad
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Michael Stern
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - James A McNew
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Belaadi N, Guilluy C. Life outside the LINC complex - Do SUN proteins have LINC-independent functions? Bioessays 2024:e2400034. [PMID: 38798157 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Sad1 and UNC84 (SUN) and Klarsicht, ANC-1, and Syne homology (KASH) proteins interact at the nuclear periphery to form the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, spanning the nuclear envelope (NE) and connecting the cytoskeleton with the nuclear interior. It is now well-documented that several cellular functions depend on LINC complex formation, including cell differentiation and migration. Intriguingly, recent studies suggest that SUN proteins participate in cellular processes where their association with KASH proteins may not be required. Building on this recent research, we elaborate on the hypothesis that SUN proteins may perform LINC-independent functions and discuss the modalities that may allow SUN proteins to function at the INM when they are not forming LINC complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nejma Belaadi
- Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christophe Guilluy
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bougaran P, Bautch VL. Life at the crossroads: the nuclear LINC complex and vascular mechanotransduction. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1411995. [PMID: 38831796 PMCID: PMC11144885 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1411995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells line the inner surface of all blood vessels, where they are exposed to polarized mechanical forces throughout their lifespan. Both basal substrate interactions and apical blood flow-induced shear stress regulate blood vessel development, remodeling, and maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Disruption of these interactions leads to dysfunction and vascular pathologies, although how forces are sensed and integrated to affect endothelial cell behaviors is incompletely understood. Recently the endothelial cell nucleus has emerged as a prominent force-transducing organelle that participates in vascular mechanotransduction, via communication to and from cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions. The LINC complex, composed of SUN and nesprin proteins, spans the nuclear membranes and connects the nuclear lamina, the nuclear envelope, and the cytoskeleton. Here we review LINC complex involvement in endothelial cell mechanotransduction, describe unique and overlapping functions of each LINC complex component, and consider emerging evidence that two major SUN proteins, SUN1 and SUN2, orchestrate a complex interplay that extends outward to cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions and inward to interactions within the nucleus and chromatin. We discuss these findings in relation to vascular pathologies such as Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, a premature aging disorder with cardiovascular impairment. More knowledge of LINC complex regulation and function will help to understand how the nucleus participates in endothelial cell force sensing and how dysfunction leads to cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Bougaran
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Victoria L. Bautch
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Niraula D, El Naqa I, Tuszynski JA, Gatenby RA. Modeling non-genetic information dynamics in cells using reservoir computing. iScience 2024; 27:109614. [PMID: 38632985 PMCID: PMC11022048 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Virtually all cells use energy-driven, ion-specific membrane pumps to maintain large transmembrane gradients of Na+, K+, Cl-, Mg++, and Ca++, but the corresponding evolutionary benefit remains unclear. We propose that these gradients enable a dynamic and versatile biological system that acquires, analyzes, and responds to environmental information. We hypothesize that environmental signals are transmitted into the cell by ion fluxes along pre-existing gradients through gated ion-specific membrane channels. The consequent changes in cytoplasmic ion concentration can generate a local response or orchestrate global/regional cellular dynamics through wire-like ion fluxes along pre-existing and self-assembling cytoskeleton to engage the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Niraula
- Department of Machine Learning, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Issam El Naqa
- Department of Machine Learning, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jack Adam Tuszynski
- Departments of Physics and Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin 10129, Italy
| | - Robert A. Gatenby
- Departments of Radiology and Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gurusaran M, Erlandsen BS, Davies OR. The crystal structure of SUN1-KASH6 reveals an asymmetric LINC complex architecture compatible with nuclear membrane insertion. Commun Biol 2024; 7:138. [PMID: 38291267 PMCID: PMC10827754 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05794-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The LINC complex transmits cytoskeletal forces into the nucleus to control the structure and movement of nuclear contents. It is formed of nuclear SUN and cytoplasmic KASH proteins, which interact within the nuclear lumen, immediately below the outer nuclear membrane. However, the symmetrical location of KASH molecules within SUN-KASH complexes in previous crystal structures has been difficult to reconcile with the steric requirements for insertion of their immediately upstream transmembrane helices into the outer nuclear membrane. Here, we report the crystal structure of the SUN-KASH complex between SUN1 and JAW1/LRMP (KASH6) in an asymmetric 9:6 configuration. This intertwined assembly involves two distinct KASH conformations such that all six KASH molecules emerge on the same molecular surface. Hence, they are ideally positioned for insertion of upstream sequences into the outer nuclear membrane. Thus, we report a SUN-KASH complex architecture that appears to be directly compatible with its biological role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manickam Gurusaran
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Benedikte S Erlandsen
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Owen R Davies
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hadpech S, Peerapen P, Thongboonkerd V. The upregulation of lamin A/C as a compensatory mechanism during tight junction disruption in renal tubular cells mediated by calcium oxalate crystals. Curr Res Toxicol 2023; 6:100145. [PMID: 38193033 PMCID: PMC10772403 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2023.100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), the most important crystal causing kidney stone disease, upregulates lamin A/C but downregulates zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in renal tubular cells. While roles for F-actin and α-tubulin and their association with ZO-1 are known to regulate COM-mediated tight junction (TJ) disruption, roles of lamin A/C and its interplay with ZO-1 in COM kidney stone model remain unclear and are thus the objectives of this study. Lamin A/C was knocked down in MDCK cells by silencing RNA specific for LMNA (siLMNA). Both wild-type (WT) and siLMNA cells were treated with COM for 48-h compared with the untreated (control) cells. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining revealed upregulated lamin A/C and downregulated ZO-1 in the COM-treated WT cells. siLMNA successfully reduced lamin A/C expression in both control and COM-treated cells. Nonetheless, siLMNA did not reverse the effect of COM on the decreases in ZO-1 and transepithelial resistance, but further reduced their levels in both control and COM-treated cells. Protein-protein interaction analysis demonstrated that two cytoskeletal proteins (actin and tubulin) served as the linkers to connect lamin A/C with ZO-1 and occludin (both of which are the TJ proteins). Altogether, these data implicate that lamin A/C and ZO-1 are indirectly associated to control TJ function, and ZO-1 expression is regulated by lamin A/C. Moreover, COM-induced upregulation of lamin A/C most likely serves as a compensatory mechanism to cope with the downregulation of ZO-1 during COM-mediated TJ disruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudarat Hadpech
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Paleerath Peerapen
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yerima G, Domkam N, Ornowski J, Jahed Z, Mofrad MRK. Force transmission and SUN-KASH higher-order assembly in the LINC complex models. Biophys J 2023; 122:4582-4597. [PMID: 37924205 PMCID: PMC10719071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The linkers of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex comprises Sad-1 and UNC-84 (SUN) and Klarsicht, ANC-1, SYNE homology (KASH) domain proteins, whose conserved interactions provide a physical coupling between the cytoskeleton and the nucleoskeleton, thereby mediating the transfer of physical forces across the nuclear envelope. The LINC complex can perform distinct cellular functions by pairing various KASH domain proteins with the same SUN domain protein. Recent studies have suggested a higher-order assembly of SUN and KASH instead of a more widely accepted linear trimer model for the LINC complex. In the present study, we use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the mechanism of force transfer across the two proposed models of LINC complex assembly, namely the 3:3 linear trimer model and the 6:6 higher-order model. Employing steered molecular dynamics simulations with various structures using forces at different rates and directions, we examine the structural stability of the two models under various biologically relevant conditions. Our results suggest that both models can withstand and transfer significant levels of force while retaining their structural integrity. However, the force response of various SUN/KASH assemblies depend on the force direction and pulling rates. Slower pulling rates result in higher mean square fluctuations of the 3:3 assembly compared to the fast pulling. Interestingly, the 6:6 assembly tends to provide an additional range of motion flexibility and might be more advantageous to the structural rigidity and pliability of the nuclear envelope. These findings offer insights into how the SUN and KASH proteins maintain the structural integrity of the nuclear membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghafar Yerima
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Nya Domkam
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Jessica Ornowski
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Zeinab Jahed
- Department of Nanoengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, California.
| | - Mohammad R K Mofrad
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California; Molecular Biophysics and Integrative Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
McGillivary RM, Starr DA, Luxton GWG. Building and breaking mechanical bridges between the nucleus and cytoskeleton: Regulation of LINC complex assembly and disassembly. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102260. [PMID: 37857179 PMCID: PMC10859145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The nucleus is physically coupled to the cytoskeleton through LINC complexes, macromolecular bridges composed of SUN and KASH proteins that span the nuclear envelope. LINC complexes are involved in a wide variety of critical cellular processes. For these processes to occur, cells regulate the composition, assembly, and disassembly of LINC complexes. Here we discuss recent studies on the regulation of the SUN-KASH interaction that forms the core of the LINC complex. These new findings encompass the stages of LINC complex assembly, from the formation of SUN-KASH heterooligomers to higher-order assemblies of LINC complexes. There is also new work on how components of the LINC complex are selectively dismantled, particularly by proteasomal degradation. It is becoming increasingly clear that LINC complexes are subject to multiple layers of regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel A Starr
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, USA.
| | - G W Gant Luxton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Alexander LT, Durairaj J, Kryshtafovych A, Abriata LA, Bayo Y, Bhabha G, Breyton C, Caulton SG, Chen J, Degroux S, Ekiert DC, Erlandsen BS, Freddolino PL, Gilzer D, Greening C, Grimes JM, Grinter R, Gurusaran M, Hartmann MD, Hitchman CJ, Keown JR, Kropp A, Kursula P, Lovering AL, Lemaitre B, Lia A, Liu S, Logotheti M, Lu S, Markússon S, Miller MD, Minasov G, Niemann HH, Opazo F, Phillips GN, Davies OR, Rommelaere S, Rosas‐Lemus M, Roversi P, Satchell K, Smith N, Wilson MA, Wu K, Xia X, Xiao H, Zhang W, Zhou ZH, Fidelis K, Topf M, Moult J, Schwede T. Protein target highlights in CASP15: Analysis of models by structure providers. Proteins 2023; 91:1571-1599. [PMID: 37493353 PMCID: PMC10792529 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
We present an in-depth analysis of selected CASP15 targets, focusing on their biological and functional significance. The authors of the structures identify and discuss key protein features and evaluate how effectively these aspects were captured in the submitted predictions. While the overall ability to predict three-dimensional protein structures continues to impress, reproducing uncommon features not previously observed in experimental structures is still a challenge. Furthermore, instances with conformational flexibility and large multimeric complexes highlight the need for novel scoring strategies to better emphasize biologically relevant structural regions. Looking ahead, closer integration of computational and experimental techniques will play a key role in determining the next challenges to be unraveled in the field of structural molecular biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila T. Alexander
- BiozentrumUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Computational Structural BiologySIB Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsBaselSwitzerland
| | - Janani Durairaj
- BiozentrumUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Computational Structural BiologySIB Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Luciano A. Abriata
- School of Life SciencesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Yusupha Bayo
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of MilanoMilanItaly
- IBBA‐CNR Unit of MilanoInstitute of Agricultural Biology and BiotechnologyMilanItaly
| | - Gira Bhabha
- Department of Cell BiologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | | | - James Chen
- Department of Cell BiologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Damian C. Ekiert
- Department of Cell BiologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of MicrobiologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Benedikte S. Erlandsen
- Wellcome Centre for Cell BiologyInstitute of Cell Biology, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Peter L. Freddolino
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Computational Medicine and BioinformaticsUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Dominic Gilzer
- Department of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| | - Chris Greening
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental FutureMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Centre to Impact AMRMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- ARC Research Hub for Carbon Utilisation and RecyclingMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jonathan M. Grimes
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Rhys Grinter
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Centre for Electron Microscopy of Membrane ProteinsMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Manickam Gurusaran
- Wellcome Centre for Cell BiologyInstitute of Cell Biology, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Marcus D. Hartmann
- Max Planck Institute for BiologyTübingenGermany
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Charlie J. Hitchman
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical BiologyUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Jeremy R. Keown
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Ashleigh Kropp
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Petri Kursula
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter OuluUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | | | - Bruno Lemaitre
- School of Life SciencesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Andrea Lia
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical BiologyUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
- ISPA‐CNR Unit of LecceInstitute of Sciences of Food ProductionLecceItaly
| | - Shiheng Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- California NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Maria Logotheti
- Max Planck Institute for BiologyTübingenGermany
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Present address:
Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Shuze Lu
- Lanzhou University School of Life SciencesLanzhouChina
| | | | | | - George Minasov
- Department of Microbiology‐ImmunologyNorthwestern Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Felipe Opazo
- NanoTag Biotechnologies GmbHGöttingenGermany
- Institute of Neuro‐ and Sensory PhysiologyUniversity of Göttingen Medical CenterGöttingenGermany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN)University of Göttingen Medical CenterGöttingenGermany
| | - George N. Phillips
- Department of BiosciencesRice UniversityHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of ChemistryRice UniversityHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Owen R. Davies
- Wellcome Centre for Cell BiologyInstitute of Cell Biology, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Samuel Rommelaere
- School of Life SciencesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Monica Rosas‐Lemus
- Department of Microbiology‐ImmunologyNorthwestern Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Present address:
Department of Molecular Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - Pietro Roversi
- IBBA‐CNR Unit of MilanoInstitute of Agricultural Biology and BiotechnologyMilanItaly
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical BiologyUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Karla Satchell
- Department of Microbiology‐ImmunologyNorthwestern Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Nathan Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and the Redox Biology CenterUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | - Mark A. Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and the Redox Biology CenterUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | - Kuan‐Lin Wu
- Department of ChemistryRice UniversityHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Xian Xia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- California NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of BiosciencesRice UniversityHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of ChemistryRice UniversityHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of BioengineeringRice UniversityHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Lanzhou University School of Life SciencesLanzhouChina
| | - Z. Hong Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- California NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Maya Topf
- University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf (UKE)HamburgGermany
- Centre for Structural Systems BiologyLeibniz‐Institut für Virologie (LIV)HamburgGermany
| | - John Moult
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology ResearchUniversity of MarylandRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Torsten Schwede
- BiozentrumUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Computational Structural BiologySIB Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsBaselSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
King MC. Dynamic regulation of LINC complex composition and function across tissues and contexts. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2823-2832. [PMID: 37846646 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The concept of mechanotransduction to the nucleus through a direct force transmission mechanism has fascinated cell biologists for decades. Central to such a mechanism is the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, which spans the nuclear envelope to couple the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton to the nuclear lamina. In reality, there is not one LINC complex identity, but instead, a family of protein configurations of varied composition that exert both shared and unique functions. Regulated expression of LINC complex components, splice variants, and mechanoresponsive protein turnover mechanisms together shape the complement of LINC complex forms present in a given cell type. Disrupting specific gene(s) encoding LINC complex components therefore gives rise to a range of organismal defects. Moreover, evidence suggests that the mechanical environment remodels LINC complexes, providing a feedback mechanism by which cellular context influences the integration of the nucleus into the cytoskeleton. In particular, evidence for crosstalk between the nuclear and cytoplasmic intermediate filament networks communicated through the LINC complex represents an emerging theme in this active area of ongoing investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan C King
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sharma R, Hetzer MW. Disulfide bond in SUN2 regulates dynamic remodeling of LINC complexes at the nuclear envelope. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302031. [PMID: 37188462 PMCID: PMC10193101 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The LINC complex tethers the cell nucleus to the cytoskeleton to regulate mechanical forces during cell migration, differentiation, and various diseases. The function of LINC complexes relies on the interaction between highly conserved SUN and KASH proteins that form higher-order assemblies capable of load bearing. These structural details have emerged from in vitro assembled LINC complexes; however, the principles of in vivo assembly remain obscure. Here, we report a conformation-specific SUN2 antibody as a tool to visualize LINC complex dynamics in situ. Using imaging, biochemical, and cellular methods, we find that conserved cysteines in SUN2 undergo KASH-dependent inter- and intra-molecular disulfide bond rearrangements. Disruption of the SUN2 terminal disulfide bond compromises SUN2 localization, turnover, LINC complex assembly in addition to cytoskeletal organization and cell migration. Moreover, using pharmacological and genetic perturbations, we identify components of the ER lumen as SUN2 cysteines redox state regulators. Overall, we provide evidence for SUN2 disulfide bond rearrangement as a physiologically relevant structural modification that regulates LINC complex functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Sharma
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martin W Hetzer
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gurusaran M, Biemans JJ, Wood CW, Davies OR. Molecular insights into LINC complex architecture through the crystal structure of a luminal trimeric coiled-coil domain of SUN1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1144277. [PMID: 37416798 PMCID: PMC10320395 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1144277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The LINC complex, consisting of interacting SUN and KASH proteins, mechanically couples nuclear contents to the cytoskeleton. In meiosis, the LINC complex transmits microtubule-generated forces to chromosome ends, driving the rapid chromosome movements that are necessary for synapsis and crossing over. In somatic cells, it defines nuclear shape and positioning, and has a number of specialised roles, including hearing. Here, we report the X-ray crystal structure of a coiled-coiled domain of SUN1's luminal region, providing an architectural foundation for how SUN1 traverses the nuclear lumen, from the inner nuclear membrane to its interaction with KASH proteins at the outer nuclear membrane. In combination with light and X-ray scattering, molecular dynamics and structure-directed modelling, we present a model of SUN1's entire luminal region. This model highlights inherent flexibility between structured domains, and raises the possibility that domain-swap interactions may establish a LINC complex network for the coordinated transmission of cytoskeletal forces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manickam Gurusaran
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jelle J. Biemans
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher W. Wood
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Owen R. Davies
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Garner KE, Salter A, Lau CK, Gurusaran M, Villemant CM, Granger EP, McNee G, Woodman PG, Davies OR, Burke BE, Allan VJ. The meiotic LINC complex component KASH5 is an activating adaptor for cytoplasmic dynein. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202204042. [PMID: 36946995 PMCID: PMC10071310 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202204042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein-driven movement of chromosomes during prophase I of mammalian meiosis is essential for synapsis and genetic exchange. Dynein connects to chromosome telomeres via KASH5 and SUN1 or SUN2, which together span the nuclear envelope. Here, we show that KASH5 promotes dynein motility in vitro, and cytosolic KASH5 inhibits dynein's interphase functions. KASH5 interacts with a dynein light intermediate chain (DYNC1LI1 or DYNC1LI2) via a conserved helix in the LIC C-terminal, and this region is also needed for dynein's recruitment to other cellular membranes. KASH5's N-terminal EF-hands are essential as the interaction with dynein is disrupted by mutation of key calcium-binding residues, although it is not regulated by cellular calcium levels. Dynein can be recruited to KASH5 at the nuclear envelope independently of dynactin, while LIS1 is essential for dynactin incorporation into the KASH5-dynein complex. Altogether, we show that the transmembrane protein KASH5 is an activating adaptor for dynein and shed light on the hierarchy of assembly of KASH5-dynein-dynactin complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E.L. Garner
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anna Salter
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- A*STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clinton K. Lau
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manickam Gurusaran
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cécile M. Villemant
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Elizabeth P. Granger
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gavin McNee
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Philip G. Woodman
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Owen R. Davies
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Brian E. Burke
- A*STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Victoria J. Allan
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- A*STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Harmak H, Redouane S, Charoute H, Aniq Filali O, Barakat A, Rouba H. In silico exploration and molecular dynamics of deleterious SNPs on the human TERF1 protein triggering male infertility. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:14665-14688. [PMID: 36995171 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2193995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
By limiting chromosome erosion and end-to-end fusions, telomere integrity is critical for chromosome stability and cell survival. During mitotic cycles or due to environmental stresses, telomeres become progressively shorter and dysfunctional, thus triggering cellular senescence, genomic instability and cell death. To avoid such consequences, the telomerase action, as well as the Shelterin and CST complexes, assure the telomere's protection. Telomeric repeat binding factor 1 (TERF1), which is one of the primary components of the Shelterin complex, binds directly to the telomere and controls its length and function by regulating the telomerase activity. Several reports about TERF1 gene variations have been associated with different diseases, and some of them have linked these variations to male infertility. Hence, this paper can be advantageous to investigate the association between the missense variants of the TERF1 gene and the susceptibility to male infertility. The stepwise prediction of SNPs pathogenicity followed in this study was based on stability and conservation analysis, post-translational modification, secondary structure, functional interaction prediction, binding energy evaluation and finally molecular dynamic simulation. Prediction matching among the tools revealed that out of 18 SNPs, only four (rs1486407144, rs1259659354, rs1257022048 and rs1320180267) were predicted as the most damaging and highly deleterious SNPs affecting the TERF1 protein and its molecular dynamics when interacting with the TERB1 protein by influencing the function, structural stability, flexibility and compaction of the overall complex. Interestingly, these polymorphisms should be considered during genetic screening so they can be used effectively as genetic biomarkers for male infertility diagnosis.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houda Harmak
- Laboratory of Genomics and Human Genetics, 1, Place Louis Pasteur, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Salaheddine Redouane
- Laboratory of Genomics and Human Genetics, 1, Place Louis Pasteur, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hicham Charoute
- Research Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Ouafaa Aniq Filali
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdelhamid Barakat
- Laboratory of Genomics and Human Genetics, 1, Place Louis Pasteur, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hassan Rouba
- Laboratory of Genomics and Human Genetics, 1, Place Louis Pasteur, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Agrawal R, Gillies JP, Zang JL, Zhang J, Garrott SR, Shibuya H, Nandakumar J, DeSantis ME. The KASH5 protein involved in meiotic chromosomal movements is a novel dynein activating adaptor. eLife 2022; 11:78201. [PMID: 35703493 PMCID: PMC9242646 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynein harnesses ATP hydrolysis to move cargo on microtubules in multiple biological contexts. Dynein meets a unique challenge in meiosis by moving chromosomes tethered to the nuclear envelope to facilitate homolog pairing essential for gametogenesis. Though processive dynein motility requires binding to an activating adaptor, the identity of the activating adaptor required for dynein to move meiotic chromosomes is unknown. We show that the meiosis-specific nuclear-envelope protein KASH5 is a dynein activating adaptor: KASH5 directly binds dynein using a mechanism conserved among activating adaptors and converts dynein into a processive motor. We map the dynein-binding surface of KASH5, identifying mutations that abrogate dynein binding in vitro and disrupt recruitment of the dynein machinery to the nuclear envelope in cultured cells and mouse spermatocytes in vivo. Our study identifies KASH5 as the first transmembrane dynein activating adaptor and provides molecular insights into how it activates dynein during meiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritvija Agrawal
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - John P Gillies
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Juliana L Zang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sharon R Garrott
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Hiroki Shibuya
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jayakrishnan Nandakumar
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Morgan E DeSantis
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kim HJ, Liu C, Dernburg AF. How and Why Chromosomes Interact with the Cytoskeleton during Meiosis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050901. [PMID: 35627285 PMCID: PMC9140367 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During the early meiotic prophase, connections are established between chromosomes and cytoplasmic motors via a nuclear envelope bridge, known as a LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex. These widely conserved links can promote both chromosome and nuclear motions. Studies in diverse organisms have illuminated the molecular architecture of these connections, but important questions remain regarding how they contribute to meiotic processes. Here, we summarize the current knowledge in the field, outline the challenges in studying these chromosome dynamics, and highlight distinctive features that have been characterized in major model systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jun Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA;
| | - Chenshu Liu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA;
| | - Abby F. Dernburg
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang L, Wu B, Ma Y, Ren Z, Li W. The blooming of an old story on the bouquet. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:289-300. [PMID: 35470849 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As an evolutionarily conserved process, the bouquet stage during meiosis was discovered over a century ago, and active research on this important stage continues. Since the discovery of the first bouquet-related protein Taz1p in 1998, several bouquet formation-related proteins have been identified in various eukaryotes. These proteins are involved in the interaction between telomeres and the inner nuclear membrane (INM), and once these interactions are disrupted, meiotic progression is arrested, leading to infertility. Recent studies have provided significant insights into the relationships and interactions among bouquet formation-related proteins. In this review, we summarize the components involved in telomere-INM interactions and focus on their roles in bouquet formation and telomere homeostasis maintenance. In addition, we examined bouquet-related proteins in different species from an evolutionary viewpoint, highlighting the potential interactions among them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Department of Respiratory, China National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bingbing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanjie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhengxing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Institute of Reproductive Health and Perinatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Matsuda A, Mofrad MRK. On the nuclear pore complex and its emerging role in cellular mechanotransduction. APL Bioeng 2022; 6:011504. [PMID: 35308827 PMCID: PMC8916845 DOI: 10.1063/5.0080480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is a large protein assembly that perforates the nuclear envelope and provides a sole gateway for traffic between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. The NPC controls the nucleocytoplasmic transport by selectively allowing cargoes such as proteins and mRNA to pass through its central channel, thereby playing a vital role in protecting the nuclear component and regulating gene expression and protein synthesis. The selective transport through the NPC originates from its exquisite molecular structure featuring a large scaffold and the intrinsically disordered central channel domain, but the exact mechanism underlying the selective transport remains elusive and is the subject of various, often conflicting, hypotheses. Moreover, recent studies have suggested a new role for the NPC as a mechanosensor, where the NPC changes its channel diameter depending on the nuclear envelope tension, altering the molecular transportability through this nanopore. In this mini-review, we summarize the current understandings of the selective nature of the NPC and discuss its emerging role in cellular mechanotransduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Matsuda
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Mohammad R. K. Mofrad
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrative Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Singh I, Lele TP. Nuclear Morphological Abnormalities in Cancer: A Search for Unifying Mechanisms. Results Probl Cell Differ 2022; 70:443-467. [PMID: 36348118 PMCID: PMC9722227 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06573-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Irregularities in nuclear shape and/or alterations to nuclear size are a hallmark of malignancy in a broad range of cancer types. Though these abnormalities are commonly used for diagnostic purposes and are often used to assess cancer progression in the clinic, the mechanisms through which they occur are not well understood. Nuclear size alterations in cancer could potentially arise from aneuploidy, changes in osmotic coupling with the cytoplasm, and perturbations to nucleocytoplasmic transport. Nuclear shape changes may occur due to alterations to cell-generated mechanical stresses and/or alterations to nuclear structural components, which balance those stresses, such as the nuclear lamina and chromatin. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying abnormal nuclear morphology and size may allow the development of new therapeutics to target nuclear aberrations in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Tanmay P. Lele
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sanchez V, Britt W. Human Cytomegalovirus Egress: Overcoming Barriers and Co-Opting Cellular Functions. Viruses 2021; 14:v14010015. [PMID: 35062219 PMCID: PMC8778548 DOI: 10.3390/v14010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The assembly of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and other herpesviruses includes both nuclear and cytoplasmic phases. During the prolonged replication cycle of HCMV, the cell undergoes remarkable changes in cellular architecture that include marked increases in nuclear size and structure as well as the reorganization of membranes in cytoplasm. Similarly, significant changes occur in cellular metabolism, protein trafficking, and cellular homeostatic functions. These cellular modifications are considered integral in the efficient assembly of infectious progeny in productively infected cells. Nuclear egress of HCMV nucleocapsids is thought to follow a pathway similar to that proposed for other members of the herpesvirus family. During this process, viral nucleocapsids must overcome structural barriers in the nucleus that limit transit and, ultimately, their delivery to the cytoplasm for final assembly of progeny virions. HCMV, similar to other herpesviruses, encodes viral functions that co-opt cellular functions to overcome these barriers and to bridge the bilaminar nuclear membrane. In this brief review, we will highlight some of the mechanisms that define our current understanding of HCMV egress, relying heavily on the current understanding of egress of the more well-studied α-herpesviruses, HSV-1 and PRV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Sanchez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - William Britt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jahed Z, Domkam N, Ornowski J, Yerima G, Mofrad MRK. Molecular models of LINC complex assembly at the nuclear envelope. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:269219. [PMID: 34152389 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Large protein complexes assemble at the nuclear envelope to transmit mechanical signals between the cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton. These protein complexes are known as the linkers of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complexes (LINC complexes) and are formed by the interaction of SUN and KASH domain proteins in the nuclear envelope. Ample evidence suggests that SUN-KASH complexes form higher-order assemblies to withstand and transfer forces across the nuclear envelope. Herein, we present a review of recent studies over the past few years that have shed light on the mechanisms of SUN-KASH interactions, their higher order assembly, and the molecular mechanisms of force transfer across these complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Jahed
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Nanoengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92039, USA
| | - Nya Domkam
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jessica Ornowski
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ghafar Yerima
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mohammad R K Mofrad
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrative Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dieterle MP, Husari A, Steinberg T, Wang X, Ramminger I, Tomakidi P. From the Matrix to the Nucleus and Back: Mechanobiology in the Light of Health, Pathologies, and Regeneration of Oral Periodontal Tissues. Biomolecules 2021; 11:824. [PMID: 34073044 PMCID: PMC8228498 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among oral tissues, the periodontium is permanently subjected to mechanical forces resulting from chewing, mastication, or orthodontic appliances. Molecularly, these movements induce a series of subsequent signaling processes, which are embedded in the biological concept of cellular mechanotransduction (MT). Cell and tissue structures, ranging from the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the plasma membrane, the cytosol and the nucleus, are involved in MT. Dysregulation of the diverse, fine-tuned interaction of molecular players responsible for transmitting biophysical environmental information into the cell's inner milieu can lead to and promote serious diseases, such as periodontitis or oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Therefore, periodontal integrity and regeneration is highly dependent on the proper integration and regulation of mechanobiological signals in the context of cell behavior. Recent experimental findings have increased the understanding of classical cellular mechanosensing mechanisms by both integrating exogenic factors such as bacterial gingipain proteases and newly discovered cell-inherent functions of mechanoresponsive co-transcriptional regulators such as the Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) or the nuclear cytoskeleton. Regarding periodontal MT research, this review offers insights into the current trends and open aspects. Concerning oral regenerative medicine or weakening of periodontal tissue diseases, perspectives on future applications of mechanobiological principles are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Philipp Dieterle
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.P.D.); (X.W.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Ayman Husari
- Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 101, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.P.D.); (X.W.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.P.D.); (X.W.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Imke Ramminger
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.P.D.); (X.W.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.P.D.); (X.W.); (I.R.); (P.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bentebbal SA, Meqbel BR, Salter A, Allan V, Burke B, Horn HF. A human infertility-associated KASH5 variant promotes mitochondrial localization. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10133. [PMID: 33980926 PMCID: PMC8115505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89439-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
KASH5 is the most recently identified member of the KASH domain family of tail anchored, outer nuclear membrane (ONM) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins. During meiosis prophase I, KASH5 and SUN1 form a complex that spans the nuclear envelope and which links the telomeres of meiotic chromosomes to cytoplasmic dynein. This connection is essential for homologous chromosome dynamics and pairing. A recent study identified a variant in human KASH5 (L535Q) that correlated with male infertility associated with azoospermia. However, no molecular mechanism was described. Here, we report that this amino acid substitution, within the KASH5 transmembrane domain (TMD) has no predicted effects on secondary structure. However, the overall hydrophobicity of the L535Q TMD, is calculated to be lower than the wild-type KASH5, based on the GES (Goldman-Engelman-Steitz) amino acid hydrophobicity scale. This change in hydrophobicity profoundly affects the subcellular localization of KASH5. Through a series of amino acid substitution studies, we show that the L535Q substitution perturbs KASH5 localization to the ER and ONM and instead results in mistargeting to the mitochondria membrane. We suggest that this mislocalization accounts for the infertility and azoospermia phenotype in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana A. Bentebbal
- grid.452146.00000 0004 1789 3191College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bakhita R. Meqbel
- grid.452146.00000 0004 1789 3191College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anna Salter
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT UK ,grid.185448.40000 0004 0637 0221Laboratory of Nuclear Dynamics and Architecture, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Victoria Allan
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - Brian Burke
- grid.185448.40000 0004 0637 0221Laboratory of Nuclear Dynamics and Architecture, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henning F. Horn
- grid.452146.00000 0004 1789 3191College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Manfrevola F, Guillou F, Fasano S, Pierantoni R, Chianese R. LINCking the Nuclear Envelope to Sperm Architecture. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050658. [PMID: 33925685 PMCID: PMC8145172 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear architecture undergoes an extensive remodeling during spermatogenesis, especially at levels of spermatocytes (SPC) and spermatids (SPT). Interestingly, typical events of spermiogenesis, such as nuclear elongation, acrosome biogenesis, and flagellum formation, need a functional cooperation between proteins of the nuclear envelope and acroplaxome/manchette structures. In addition, nuclear envelope plays a key role in chromosome distribution. In this scenario, special attention has been focused on the LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex, a nuclear envelope-bridge structure involved in the connection of the nucleoskeleton to the cytoskeleton, governing mechanotransduction. It includes two integral proteins: KASH- and SUN-domain proteins, on the outer (ONM) and inner (INM) nuclear membrane, respectively. The LINC complex is involved in several functions fundamental to the correct development of sperm cells such as head formation and head to tail connection, and, therefore, it seems to be important in determining male fertility. This review provides a global overview of the main LINC complex components, with a special attention to their subcellular localization in sperm cells, their roles in the regulation of sperm morphological maturation, and, lastly, LINC complex alterations associated to male infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Manfrevola
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (F.M.); (S.F.); (R.P.)
| | - Florian Guillou
- PRC, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, University of Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France;
| | - Silvia Fasano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (F.M.); (S.F.); (R.P.)
| | - Riccardo Pierantoni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (F.M.); (S.F.); (R.P.)
| | - Rosanna Chianese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (F.M.); (S.F.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cell stretchers and the LINC complex in mechanotransduction. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 702:108829. [PMID: 33716002 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
How cells respond to mechanical forces from the surrounding environment is critical for cell survival and function. The LINC complex is a central component in the mechanotransduction pathway that transmits mechanical information from the cell surface to the nucleus. Through LINC complex functionality, the nucleus is able to respond to mechanical stress by altering nuclear structure, chromatin organization, and gene expression. The use of specialized devices that apply mechanical strain to cells have been central to investigating how mechanotransduction occurs, how cells respond to mechanical stress, and the role of the LINC complexes in these processes. A large variety of designs have been reported for these devices, with the most common type being cell stretchers. Here we highlight some of the salient features of cell stretchers and suggest some key parameters that should be considered when using these devices. We provide a brief overview of how the LINC complexes contribute to the cellular responses to mechanical strain. And finally, we suggest that stretchers may be a useful tool to study aging.
Collapse
|