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Kang DS, Moriarty A, Wang YJ, Thomas A, Hao J, Unger BA, Klotz R, Ahmmed S, Amzaleg Y, Martin S, Vanapalli S, Xu K, Smith A, Shen K, Yu M. Ectopic Expression of a Truncated Isoform of Hair Keratin 81 in Breast Cancer Alters Biophysical Characteristics to Promote Metastatic Propensity. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2300509. [PMID: 37949677 PMCID: PMC10837353 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Keratins are an integral part of cell structure and function. Here, it is shown that ectopic expression of a truncated isoform of keratin 81 (tKRT81) in breast cancer is upregulated in metastatic lesions compared to primary tumors and patient-derived circulating tumor cells, and is associated with more aggressive subtypes. tKRT81 physically interacts with keratin 18 (KRT18) and leads to changes in the cytosolic keratin intermediate filament network and desmosomal plaque formation. These structural changes are associated with a softer, more elastically deformable cancer cell with enhanced adhesion and clustering ability leading to greater in vivo lung metastatic burden. This work describes a novel biomechanical mechanism by which tKRT81 promotes metastasis, highlighting the importance of the biophysical characteristics of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane S. Kang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
| | - Aidan Moriarty
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21201USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21201USA
| | - Yiru Jess Wang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21201USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21201USA
| | - Amal Thomas
- Department of Molecular and Computational BiologyUSC David and Dana Dornsife College of LettersArts and SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90089USA
| | - Jia Hao
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringViterbi School of EngineeringUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90089USA
| | - Bret A. Unger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Remi Klotz
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21201USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21201USA
| | - Shamim Ahmmed
- Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTX79409USA
| | - Yonatan Amzaleg
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
| | - Stuart Martin
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21201USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21201USA
| | - Siva Vanapalli
- Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTX79409USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Andrew Smith
- Department of Molecular and Computational BiologyUSC David and Dana Dornsife College of LettersArts and SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90089USA
| | - Keyue Shen
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringViterbi School of EngineeringUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90089USA
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21201USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21201USA
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2
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Mulder EJ, Moser B, Delgado J, Steinhardt RC, Esser-Kahn AP. Evidence of collective influence in innate sensing using fluidic force microscopy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1340384. [PMID: 38322261 PMCID: PMC10844469 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1340384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system initiates early response to infection by sensing molecular patterns of infection through pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). Previous work on PRR stimulation of macrophages revealed significant heterogeneity in single cell responses, suggesting the importance of individual macrophage stimulation. Current methods either isolate individual macrophages or stimulate a whole culture and measure individual readouts. We probed single cell NF-κB responses to localized stimuli within a naïve culture with Fluidic Force Microscopy (FluidFM). Individual cells stimulated in naïve culture were more sensitive compared to individual cells in uniformly stimulated cultures. In cluster stimulation, NF-κB activation decreased with increased cell density or decreased stimulation time. Our results support the growing body of evidence for cell-to-cell communication in macrophage activation, and limit potential mechanisms. Such a mechanism might be manipulated to tune macrophage sensitivity, and the density-dependent modulation of sensitivity to PRR signals could have relevance to biological situations where macrophage density increases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aaron P. Esser-Kahn
- Esser-Kahn Lab, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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3
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Alexander LT, Durairaj J, Kryshtafovych A, Abriata LA, Bayo Y, Bhabha G, Breyton C, Caulton SG, Chen J, Degroux S, Ekiert DC, Erlandsen BS, Freddolino PL, Gilzer D, Greening C, Grimes JM, Grinter R, Gurusaran M, Hartmann MD, Hitchman CJ, Keown JR, Kropp A, Kursula P, Lovering AL, Lemaitre B, Lia A, Liu S, Logotheti M, Lu S, Markússon S, Miller MD, Minasov G, Niemann HH, Opazo F, Phillips GN, Davies OR, Rommelaere S, Rosas‐Lemus M, Roversi P, Satchell K, Smith N, Wilson MA, Wu K, Xia X, Xiao H, Zhang W, Zhou ZH, Fidelis K, Topf M, Moult J, Schwede T. Protein target highlights in CASP15: Analysis of models by structure providers. Proteins 2023; 91:1571-1599. [PMID: 37493353 PMCID: PMC10792529 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
We present an in-depth analysis of selected CASP15 targets, focusing on their biological and functional significance. The authors of the structures identify and discuss key protein features and evaluate how effectively these aspects were captured in the submitted predictions. While the overall ability to predict three-dimensional protein structures continues to impress, reproducing uncommon features not previously observed in experimental structures is still a challenge. Furthermore, instances with conformational flexibility and large multimeric complexes highlight the need for novel scoring strategies to better emphasize biologically relevant structural regions. Looking ahead, closer integration of computational and experimental techniques will play a key role in determining the next challenges to be unraveled in the field of structural molecular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila T. Alexander
- BiozentrumUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Computational Structural BiologySIB Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsBaselSwitzerland
| | - Janani Durairaj
- BiozentrumUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Computational Structural BiologySIB Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Luciano A. Abriata
- School of Life SciencesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Yusupha Bayo
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of MilanoMilanItaly
- IBBA‐CNR Unit of MilanoInstitute of Agricultural Biology and BiotechnologyMilanItaly
| | - Gira Bhabha
- Department of Cell BiologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | | | - James Chen
- Department of Cell BiologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Damian C. Ekiert
- Department of Cell BiologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of MicrobiologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Benedikte S. Erlandsen
- Wellcome Centre for Cell BiologyInstitute of Cell Biology, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Peter L. Freddolino
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Computational Medicine and BioinformaticsUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Dominic Gilzer
- Department of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| | - Chris Greening
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental FutureMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Centre to Impact AMRMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- ARC Research Hub for Carbon Utilisation and RecyclingMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jonathan M. Grimes
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Rhys Grinter
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Centre for Electron Microscopy of Membrane ProteinsMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Manickam Gurusaran
- Wellcome Centre for Cell BiologyInstitute of Cell Biology, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Marcus D. Hartmann
- Max Planck Institute for BiologyTübingenGermany
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Charlie J. Hitchman
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical BiologyUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Jeremy R. Keown
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Ashleigh Kropp
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Petri Kursula
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter OuluUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | | | - Bruno Lemaitre
- School of Life SciencesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Andrea Lia
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical BiologyUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
- ISPA‐CNR Unit of LecceInstitute of Sciences of Food ProductionLecceItaly
| | - Shiheng Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- California NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Maria Logotheti
- Max Planck Institute for BiologyTübingenGermany
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Present address:
Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Shuze Lu
- Lanzhou University School of Life SciencesLanzhouChina
| | | | | | - George Minasov
- Department of Microbiology‐ImmunologyNorthwestern Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Felipe Opazo
- NanoTag Biotechnologies GmbHGöttingenGermany
- Institute of Neuro‐ and Sensory PhysiologyUniversity of Göttingen Medical CenterGöttingenGermany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN)University of Göttingen Medical CenterGöttingenGermany
| | - George N. Phillips
- Department of BiosciencesRice UniversityHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of ChemistryRice UniversityHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Owen R. Davies
- Wellcome Centre for Cell BiologyInstitute of Cell Biology, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Samuel Rommelaere
- School of Life SciencesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Monica Rosas‐Lemus
- Department of Microbiology‐ImmunologyNorthwestern Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Present address:
Department of Molecular Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - Pietro Roversi
- IBBA‐CNR Unit of MilanoInstitute of Agricultural Biology and BiotechnologyMilanItaly
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical BiologyUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Karla Satchell
- Department of Microbiology‐ImmunologyNorthwestern Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Nathan Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and the Redox Biology CenterUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | - Mark A. Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and the Redox Biology CenterUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | - Kuan‐Lin Wu
- Department of ChemistryRice UniversityHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Xian Xia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- California NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of BiosciencesRice UniversityHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of ChemistryRice UniversityHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of BioengineeringRice UniversityHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Lanzhou University School of Life SciencesLanzhouChina
| | - Z. Hong Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- California NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Maya Topf
- University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf (UKE)HamburgGermany
- Centre for Structural Systems BiologyLeibniz‐Institut für Virologie (LIV)HamburgGermany
| | - John Moult
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology ResearchUniversity of MarylandRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Torsten Schwede
- BiozentrumUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Computational Structural BiologySIB Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsBaselSwitzerland
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4
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Paterson JT, Johnston AN, Ortega AC, Wallace C, Kauffman M. Hidden Markov movement models reveal diverse seasonal movement patterns in two North American ungulates. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10282. [PMID: 37484933 PMCID: PMC10361361 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal movement is the mechanism connecting landscapes to fitness, and understanding variation in seasonal animal movements has benefited from the analysis and categorization of animal displacement. However, seasonal movement patterns can defy classification when movements are highly variable. Hidden Markov movement models (HMMs) are a class of latent-state models well-suited to modeling movement data. Here, we used HMMs to assess seasonal patterns of variation in the movement of pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), a species known for variable seasonal movements that challenge analytical approaches, while using a population of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), for whom seasonal movements are well-documented, as a comparison. We used population-level HMMs in a Bayesian framework to estimate a seasonal trend in the daily probability of transitioning between a short-distance local movement state and a long-distance movement state. The estimated seasonal patterns of movements in mule deer closely aligned with prior work based on indices of animal displacement: a short period of long-distance movements in the fall season and again in the spring, consistent with migrations to and from seasonal ranges. We found seasonal movement patterns for pronghorn were more variable, as a period of long-distance movements in the fall was followed by a winter period in which pronghorn were much more likely to further initiate and remain in a long-distance movement pattern compared with the movement patterns of mule deer. Overall, pronghorn were simply more likely to be in a long-distance movement pattern throughout the year. Hidden Markov movement models provide inference on seasonal movements similar to other methods, while providing a robust framework to understand movement patterns on shorter timescales and for more challenging movement patterns. Hidden Markov movement models can allow a rigorous assessment of the drivers of changes in movement patterns such as extreme weather events and land development, important for management and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron N. Johnston
- U.S. Geological SurveyNorthern Rocky Mountain Science CenterBozemanMontanaUSA
| | - Anna C. Ortega
- Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Zoology and PhysiologyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | - Cody Wallace
- Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Zoology and PhysiologyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | - Matthew Kauffman
- Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Zoology and PhysiologyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Zoology and PhysiologyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
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5
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Ercoli MF, Ramos PZ, Jain R, Pilotte J, Dong OX, Thompson T, Wells CI, Elkins JM, Edwards AM, Couñago RM, Drewry DH, Ronald PC. An open source plant kinase chemogenomics set. Plant Direct 2022; 6:e460. [PMID: 36447653 PMCID: PMC9694430 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
One hundred twenty-nine protein kinases, selected to represent the diversity of the rice (Oryza sativa) kinome, were cloned and tested for expression in Escherichia coli. Forty of these rice kinases were purified and screened using differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) against 627 diverse kinase inhibitors, with a range of structures and activities targeting diverse human kinases. Thirty-seven active compounds were then tested for their ability to modify primary root development in Arabidopsis. Of these, 14 compounds caused a significant reduction of primary root length compared with control plants. Two of these inhibitory compounds bind to the predicted orthologue of Arabidopsis PSKR1, one of two receptors for PSK, a small sulfated peptide that positively controls root development. The reduced root length phenotype could not be rescued by the exogenous addition of the PSK peptide, suggesting that chemical treatment may inhibit both PSKR1 and its closely related receptor PSKR2. Six of the compounds acting as root growth inhibitors in Arabidopsis conferred the same effect in rice. Compound RAF265 (CHIR-265), previously shown to bind the human kinase BRAF (B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase), also binds to nine highly conserved rice kinases tested. The binding of human and rice kinases to the same compound suggests that human kinase inhibitor sets will be useful for dissecting the function of plant kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priscila Zonzini Ramos
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG)Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasSPBrazil
| | - Rashmi Jain
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome CenterUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Joseph Pilotte
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC)UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC‐CH)Chapel HillNCUSA
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryUNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC‐CHChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Oliver Xiaoou Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome CenterUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Ty Thompson
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome CenterUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Carrow I. Wells
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC)UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC‐CH)Chapel HillNCUSA
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryUNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC‐CHChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Jonathan M. Elkins
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG)Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasSPBrazil
- Centre for Medicines DiscoveryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Aled M. Edwards
- Structural Genomics ConsortiumUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Rafael M. Couñago
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG)Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasSPBrazil
| | - David H. Drewry
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC)UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC‐CH)Chapel HillNCUSA
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryUNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC‐CHChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Pamela C. Ronald
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome CenterUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
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Nolan LS, Baldridge MT. Advances in understanding interferon-mediated immune responses to enteric viruses in intestinal organoids. Front Immunol 2022; 13:943334. [PMID: 35935957 PMCID: PMC9354881 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.943334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFN) are antiviral cytokines with critical roles in regulating pathogens at epithelial barriers, but their capacity to restrict human enteric viruses has been incompletely characterized in part due to challenges in cultivating some viruses in vitro, particularly human norovirus. Accordingly, advancements in the development of antiviral therapies and vaccine strategies for enteric viral infections have been similarly constrained. Currently emerging is the use of human intestinal enteroids (HIEs) to investigate mechanisms of human enteric viral pathogenesis. HIEs provide a unique opportunity to investigate host-virus interactions using an in vitro system that recapitulates the cellular complexity of the in vivo gastrointestinal epithelium. This approach permits the exploration of intestinal epithelial cell interactions with enteric viruses as well as the innate immune responses mediated by IFNs and IFN-stimulated genes. Here, we describe recent findings related to the production, signaling, and function of IFNs in the response to enteric viral infections, which will ultimately help to reveal important aspects of pathogenesis and facilitate the future development of therapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila S. Nolan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Megan T. Baldridge
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Megan T. Baldridge,
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7
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Pei Z, He Y, Bean JC, Yang Y, Liu H, Yu M, Yu K, Hyseni I, Cai X, Liu H, Qu N, Tu L, Conde KM, Wang M, Li Y, Yin N, Zhang N, Han J, Potts CHS, Scarcelli NA, Yan Z, Xu P, Wu Q, He Y, Xu Y, Wang C. Gabra5 plays a sexually dimorphic role in POMC neuron activity and glucose balance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:889122. [PMID: 36120438 PMCID: PMC9471380 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.889122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons are important for the regulation of body weight and glucose balance. The inhibitory tone to POMC neurons is mediated primarily by the GABA receptors. However, the detailed mechanisms and functions of GABA receptors are not well understood. The α5 subunit of GABAA receptor, Gabra5, is reported to regulate feeding, and we found that Gabra5 is highly expressed in POMC neurons. To explore the function of Gabra5 in POMC neurons, we knocked down Gabra5 specifically from mature hypothalamic POMC neurons using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 strategy. This POMC-specific knock-down of Gabra5 did not affect body weight or food intake in either male or female mice. Interestingly, the loss of Gabra5 caused significant increases in the firing frequency and resting membrane potential, and a decrease in the amplitude of the miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current (mIPSC) in male POMC neurons. However, the loss of Gabra5 only modestly decreased the frequency of mIPSC in female POMC neurons. Consistently, POMC-specific knock-down of Gabra5 significantly improved glucose tolerance in male mice but not in female mice. These results revealed a sexually dimorphic role of Gabra5 in POMC neuron activity and glucose balance, independent of body weight control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Pei
- Department of Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yang He
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan C. Bean
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yongjie Yang
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hailan Liu
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Meng Yu
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kaifan Yu
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ilirjana Hyseni
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xing Cai
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hesong Liu
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Na Qu
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Longlong Tu
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kristine M. Conde
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mengjie Wang
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Na Yin
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nan Zhang
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Junying Han
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Camille HS. Potts
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nikolas A. Scarcelli
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zili Yan
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pingwen Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Qi Wu
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yanlin He
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Brain Glycemic and Metabolism Control Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Yong Xu
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Yong Xu, ; Chunmei Wang,
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Yong Xu, ; Chunmei Wang,
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Wege M, Salas L, LaRue M. Ice matters: Life-history strategies of two Antarctic seals dictate climate change eventualities in the Weddell Sea. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:6252-6262. [PMID: 34491603 PMCID: PMC9293148 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of climate change in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean are not uniform and ice-obligate species with dissimilar life-history characteristics will likely respond differently to their changing ecosystems. We use a unique data set of Weddell Leptonychotes weddellii and crabeater seals' (CESs) Lobodon carcinophaga breeding season distribution in the Weddell Sea, determined from satellite imagery. We contrast the theoretical climate impacts on both ice-obligate predators who differ in life-history characteristics: CESs are highly specialized Antarctic krill Euphausia superba predators and breed in the seasonal pack ice; Weddell seals (WESs) are generalist predators and breed on comparatively stable fast ice. We used presence-absence data and a suite of remotely sensed environmental variables to build habitat models. Each of the environmental predictors is multiplied by a 'climate change score' based on known responses to climate change to create a 'change importance product'. Results show CESs are more sensitive to climate change than WESs. Crabeater seals prefer to breed close to krill, and the compounding effects of changing sea ice concentrations and sea surface temperatures, the proximity to krill and abundance of stable breeding ice, can influence their post-breeding foraging success and ultimately their future breeding success. But in contrast to the Ross Sea, here WESs prefer to breed closer to larger colonies of emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri). This suggests that the Weddell Sea may currently be prey-abundant, allowing the only two air-breathing Antarctic silverfish predators (Pleuragramma antarctica) (WESs and emperor penguins) to breed closer to each other. This is the first basin-scale, region-specific comparison of breeding season habitat in these two key Antarctic predators based on real-world data to compare climate change responses. This work shows that broad-brush, basin-scale approaches to understanding species-specific responses to climate change are not always appropriate, and regional models are needed-especially when designing marine protected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Wege
- Gateway AntarcticaSchool of Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
- Department of Zoology & EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaHatfieldPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Leo Salas
- Point Blue Conservation SciencesPetalumaCAUSA
| | - Michelle LaRue
- Gateway AntarcticaSchool of Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
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Sanchirico JN, Essington TE. Direct and ancillary benefits of ecosystem-based fisheries management in forage fish fisheries. Ecol Appl 2021; 31:e02421. [PMID: 34288221 PMCID: PMC9285690 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural resource management is evolving toward holistic, ecosystem-based approaches to decision making. The ecosystem science underpinning these approaches needs to account for the complexity of multiple interacting components within and across coupled natural-human systems. In this research, we investigate the potential economic and ecological gains from adopting ecosystem-based approaches for the sardine and anchovy fisheries off of the coast of California, USA. Research has shown that while predators in this system are likely substituting one forage species for another, the assemblage of sardine and anchovy can be a significant driver of predator populations. Currently, the harvest control rules for sardine and anchovy fisheries align more with traditional single species framework. We ask what are the economic and ecological gains when jointly determining the harvest control rules for both forage fish stocks and their predators relative to the status quo? What are the implications of synchronous and anti-synchronous environmental recruitment variation between the anchovy and sardine stocks on optimal food-web management? To investigate these questions, we develop an economic-ecological model for sardine, anchovy, a harvested predator (halibut), and an endangered predator (Brown Pelican) that includes recruitment variability over time driven by changing environmental conditions. Utilizing large-scale numerical optimal control methods, we investigate how the multiple variants of integrated management of sardine, anchovy, and halibut impact the overall economic condition of the fisheries and Brown Pelican populations over time. We find significant gains in moving to integrated catch control rules both in terms of the economic gains of the fished stocks, and in terms of the impacts on the Brown Pelican populations. We also compare the relative performance of current stylized catch control rules to optimal single species and optimal ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) across ecological and economic dimensions, where the former trade-off considerable economic value for ecological goals. More generally, we demonstrate how EBFM approaches introduce and integrate additional management levers for policymakers to achieve non-fishery objectives at lowest costs to the fishing sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N. Sanchirico
- Department of Environmental Science and PolicyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCalifornia95616USA
- University FellowResources For the FutureWashingtonD.C.20036USA
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Jordan WT, Currie S, Schmitz RJ. Multiplex genome editing in Arabidopsis thaliana using Mb3Cas12a. Plant Direct 2021; 5:e344. [PMID: 34514290 PMCID: PMC8421513 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The use of CRISPR-Cas proteins for the creation of multiplex genome engineering represents an important avenue for crop improvement, and further improvements for creation of knock-in plant lines via CRISPR-based technologies may enable the high-throughput creation of designer alleles. To circumvent limitations of the commonly used CRISPR-Cas9 system for multiplex genome engineering, we explored the use of Moraxella bovoculi 3 Cas12a (Mb3Cas12a) for multiplex genome editing in Arabidopsis thaliana. We identified optimized cis-regulatory sequences for driving expression of single-transcript multiplex crRNA arrays in A. thaliana, resulting in stable germline transmission of Mb3Cas12a-edited alleles at multiple target sites. By utilizing this system, we demonstrate single-transcript multiplexed genome engineering using of up to 13 crRNA targets. We further show high target specificity of Mb3Cas12a-based genome editing via whole-genome sequencing. Taken together, our method provides a simplified platform for efficient multiplex genome engineering in plant-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seth Currie
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
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Levsh O, Pluskal T, Carballo V, Mitchell AJ, Weng JK. Independent evolution of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis in two sister families under the Lamiids clade of flowering plants. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15193-15205. [PMID: 31481469 PMCID: PMC6802498 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As a means to maintain their sessile lifestyle amid challenging environments, plants produce an enormous diversity of compounds as chemical defenses against biotic and abiotic insults. The underpinning metabolic pathways that support the biosynthesis of these specialized chemicals in divergent plant species provide a rich arena for understanding the molecular evolution of complex metabolic traits. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a phenolic natural product first discovered in plants of the mint family (Lamiaceae) and is recognized for its wide range of medicinal properties and potential applications in human dietary and medical interventions. Interestingly, the RA chemotype is present sporadically in multiple taxa of flowering plants as well as some hornworts and ferns, prompting the question whether its biosynthesis arose independently across different lineages. Here we report the elucidation of the RA biosynthetic pathway in Phacelia campanularia (desert bells). This species represents the borage family (Boraginaceae), an RA-producing family closely related to the Lamiaceae within the Lamiids clade. Using a multi-omics approach in combination with functional characterization of candidate genes both in vitro and in vivo, we found that RA biosynthesis in P. campanularia involves specific activities of a BAHD acyltransferase and two cytochrome P450 hydroxylases. Further phylogenetic and comparative structure-function analyses of the P. campanularia RA biosynthetic enzymes clearly indicate that RA biosynthesis has evolved independently at least twice in the Lamiids, an exemplary case of chemotypic convergence through disparate evolutionary trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya Levsh
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Tomáš Pluskal
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Valentina Carballo
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Andrew J Mitchell
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Jing-Ke Weng
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
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