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Oshakbayev K, Durmanova A, Zhankalova Z, Idrisov A, Bedelbayeva G, Gazaliyeva M, Nabiyev A, Tordai A, Dukenbayeva B. Weight loss treatment for COVID-19 in patients with NCDs: a pilot prospective clinical trial. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10979. [PMID: 38744929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61703-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 comorbid with noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs) complicates the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, and increases the mortality rate. The aim is to evaluate the effects of a restricted diet on clinical/laboratory inflammation and metabolic profile, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and body composition in patients with COVID-19 comorbid with NCDs. We conducted a 6-week open, pilot prospective controlled clinical trial. The study included 70 adult patients with COVID-19 comorbid with type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension, or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). INTERVENTIONS a restricted diet including calorie restriction, hot water drinking, walking, and sexual self-restraint. PRIMARY ENDPOINTS COVID-19 diagnosis by detecting SARS-CoV-2 genome by RT-PCR; weight loss in Main group; body temperature; C-reactive protein. Secondary endpoints: the number of white blood cells; erythrocyte sedimentation rate; adverse effects during treatment; fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), systolic/diastolic blood pressure (BP); blood lipids; ALT/AST, chest CT-scan. In Main group, patients with overweight lost weight from baseline (- 12.4%; P < 0.0001); 2.9% in Main group and 7.2% in Controls were positive for COVID-19 (RR: 0.41, CI: 0.04-4.31; P = 0.22) on the 14th day of treatment. Body temperature and C-reactive protein decreased significantly in Main group compared to Controls on day 14th of treatment (P < 0.025). Systolic/diastolic BP normalized (P < 0.025), glucose/lipids metabolism (P < 0.025); ALT/AST normalized (P < 0.025), platelets increased from baseline (P < 0.025), chest CT (P < 0.025) in Main group at 14 day of treatment. The previous antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and other symptomatic medications were adequately decreased to completely stop during the weight loss treatment. Thus, the fast weight loss treatment may be beneficial for the COVID-19 patients with comorbid T2D, hypertension, and NASH over traditional medical treatment because, it improved clinical and laboratory/instrumental data on inflammation; glucose/lipid metabolism, systolic/diastolic BPs, and NASH biochemical outcomes, reactive oxygen species; and allowed patients to stop taking medications. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05635539 (02/12/2022): https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05635539?term=NCT05635539&draw=2&rank=1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuat Oshakbayev
- Internal Medicine Department, University Medical Center, Street Syganak, 46, 010000, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan.
- ANADETO Medical Center, St. Kerey, Zhanibek Khans, 22, 010000, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Aigul Durmanova
- Internal Medicine Department, University Medical Center, Street Syganak, 46, 010000, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Zulfiya Zhankalova
- Department of General Medical Practice, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, #1, Street Tole Bi, 94, 050000, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Alisher Idrisov
- Department of Endocrinology, Astana Medical University, Street Beibitshilik St 49/A, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Gulnara Bedelbayeva
- Faculty of Postgraduate Education, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Street Tole Bi, 94, 050000, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Meruyert Gazaliyeva
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, Astana Medical University, Street Beibitshilik St 49/A, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Altay Nabiyev
- Internal Medicine Department, University Medical Center, Street Syganak, 46, 010000, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Attila Tordai
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Semmelweis University, Vas U. 17, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - Bibazhar Dukenbayeva
- Faculty of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Astana Medical University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
- ANADETO Medical Center, St. Kerey, Zhanibek Khans, 22, 010000, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
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Hornbuckle K, Williams A, Joseph JJ, Nolan TS, Gray DM, Gregory J, Ewing AP. Cardiovascular Health and Colorectal Cancer Screening in Black Men: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Am J Mens Health 2024; 18:15579883241249642. [PMID: 38721788 PMCID: PMC11084979 DOI: 10.1177/15579883241249642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
African American/Black (henceforth Black) men face disproportionate risks of morbidity and mortality from both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). The American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 (LS7) tool was designed to examine predictors of CVD with included behaviors also linked to CRC risk (i.e., smoking status, weight, diet, and physical activity). However, no studies have combined LS7 assessment alongside CRC screening history, which serves as a proxy for assessing CRC risk, in Black men. In this study, Black men aged 45-75 participating in annual community wellness events were screened for 6 of 7 LS7 measures (excluding diet, LS6) and self-reported CRC screening. Analyses conducted using R 4.0.5. revealed that Black men (N = 680), with an average age of 57.3 years (SD = 7.5), reported poor (39.7%), intermediate (34.6%), or ideal (25.7%) LS6 scores with higher scores corresponding to lower risk for CVD. However, for every 1-point increase in LS6 scores (0-6), there was a 26% lower odds of reported CRC screening (p = .001). In the fully adjusted model, men with 4+ ideal LS6 behaviors had a 60% lower odds of self-reported CRC screening compared to those with two ideal LS6 behaviors (p < .001). These findings underscore the need for culturally relevant interventions for Black men across all levels of cardiovascular health (CVH) to increase CRC screening uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey Hornbuckle
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amaris Williams
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joshua J. Joseph
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Timiya S. Nolan
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - John Gregory
- National African American Male Wellness Agency, National Center for Urban Solutions, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aldenise P. Ewing
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, Columbus, OH, USA
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Sikorski J, Matczuk M, Stępień M, Ogórek K, Ruzik L, Jarosz M. Fe 3O 4SPIONs in cancer theranostics-structure versus interactions with proteins and methods of their investigation. Nanotechnology 2024; 35:212001. [PMID: 38387086 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad2c54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
As the second leading cause of death worldwide, neoplastic diseases are one of the biggest challenges for public health care. Contemporary medicine seeks potential tools for fighting cancer within nanomedicine, as various nanomaterials can be used for both diagnostics and therapies. Among those of particular interest are superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), due to their unique magnetic properties,. However, while the number of new SPIONs, suitably modified and functionalized, designed for medical purposes, has been gradually increasing, it has not yet been translated into the number of approved clinical solutions. The presented review covers various issues related to SPIONs of potential theranostic applications. It refers to structural considerations (the nanoparticle core, most often used modifications and functionalizations) and the ways of characterizing newly designed nanoparticles. The discussion about the phenomenon of protein corona formation leads to the conclusion that the scarcity of proper tools to investigate the interactions between SPIONs and human serum proteins is the reason for difficulties in introducing them into clinical applications. The review emphasizes the importance of understanding the mechanism behind the protein corona formation, as it has a crucial impact on the effectiveness of designed SPIONs in the physiological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Sikorski
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Matczuk
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Stępień
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Ogórek
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lena Ruzik
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Jarosz
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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Chen X, Norris C, Whitten T, Ho C, Mann B, Bakal J. Symptomology following COVID-19 among adults in Alberta, Canada: an observational survey study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e078119. [PMID: 38458800 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fatigue, headache, problems sleeping and numerous other symptoms have been reported to be associated with long COVID. However, many of these symptoms coincide with symptoms reported by the general population, possibly exacerbated by restrictions/precautions experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examines the symptoms reported by individuals who tested positive for COVID-19 compared with those who tested negative. DESIGN Observational study. SETTING The study was conducted on adult residents in Alberta, Canada, from October 2021 to February 2023. PARTICIPANTS We evaluated self-reported symptoms in 7623 adults with positive COVID-19 tests and 1520 adults who tested negative, using surveys adapted from the internationally standardised International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC)-developed COVID-19 long-term follow-up tools. These individuals had an index COVID-19 test date between 1 March 2020 and 31 December 2022 and were over 28 days post-COVID-19 testing. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcomes were to identify the symptoms associated with COVID-19 positivity and risk factors for reporting symptoms. RESULTS Fatigue was the top reported symptom (42%) among COVID-19-positive respondents, while headache was the top reported symptom (32%) in respondents who tested negative. Compared with those who tested negative, COVID-19-positive individuals reported 1.5 times more symptoms and had higher odds of experiencing 31 out of the 40 listed symptoms during the postinfectious period. These symptoms included olfactory dysfunction, menstruation changes, cardiopulmonary and neurological symptoms. Female sex, middle age (41-55 years), Indigeneity, unemployment, hospital/intensive care unit (ICU) admission at the time of testing and pre-existing health conditions independently predicted a greater number and variety of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that COVID-19 survivors continue to experience a significant number and variety of symptoms. These findings can help inform targeted strategies for the unequally affected population. It is important to offer appropriate management for symptom relief to those who have survived the acute COVID-19 illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Chen
- Alberta Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research Support Unit Data Platform, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Provincial Research Data Services, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Colleen Norris
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tara Whitten
- Alberta Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research Support Unit Data Platform, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Provincial Research Data Services, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chester Ho
- Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Balraj Mann
- Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Bakal
- Alberta Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research Support Unit Data Platform, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Provincial Research Data Services, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Ukolova E, Burcin B. What can multiple causes of death tell about cardiovascular mortality during COVID-19 pandemic in the United States? J Public Health (Oxf) 2024; 46:97-106. [PMID: 38216152 PMCID: PMC10939412 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic may have caused an underestimation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, as COVID-19 was predominantly recorded as the underlying cause of death. This study investigates CVD-related excess mortality and recording of CVD on the death certificates during 2020-2021, considering underlying (underlying causes of death (UCD)), immediate and contributory causes. METHODS We utilize US Multiple-Cause-of-Death Mortality Data. Excess deaths are assessed by comparing actual 2020-2021 deaths with Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model predictions. To understand changes in cause-of-death recording, we use the standardized ratio of multiple to underlying causes (SRMU). RESULTS Excess CVD mortality is most prominent in contributory causes, including hypertensive disease, essential hypertension, and acute myocardial infarction. While excess of contributory CVDs generally decreased in 2021, acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary heart diseases and other circulatory diseases showed a continual increase. Changes in SRMU from 2020 to 2021, compared to 2010-2019, reveal shifts in coding practices, particularly for pulmonary heart, cerebrovascular diseases, non-rheumatic valve disorders and heart failure. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased CVD-related mortality, which is not fully captured in conventional analyses based solely on the UCD. The trend of coding CVDs as non-underlying causes of death accelerated during 2020-2021. Multiple-causes-of-death should be employed to evaluate mortality when new leading cause of death emerges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Ukolova
- Department of Demography and Geodemography, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Boris Burcin
- Department of Demography and Geodemography, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
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Kim JS, Sun Y, Balte P, Cushman M, Boyle R, Tracy RP, Styer LM, Bell TD, Anderson MR, Allen NB, Schreiner PJ, Bowler RP, Schwartz DA, Lee JS, Xanthakis V, Doyle MF, Regan EA, Make BJ, Kanaya AM, Wenzel SE, Coresh J, Isasi CR, Raffield LM, Elkind MSV, Howard VJ, Ortega VE, Woodruff P, Cole SA, Henderson JM, Mantis NJ, Parker MM, Demmer RT, Oelsner EC. Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1 Antibody Response Among Vaccinated US Adults: the C4R Study. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1492. [PMID: 38374032 PMCID: PMC10876680 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates correlates of anti-S1 antibody response following COVID-19 vaccination in a U.S. population-based meta-cohort of adults participating in longstanding NIH-funded cohort studies. Anti-S1 antibodies were measured from dried blood spots collected between February 2021-August 2022 using Luminex-based microsphere immunoassays. Of 6245 participants, mean age was 73 years (range, 21-100), 58% were female, and 76% were non-Hispanic White. Nearly 52% of participants received the BNT162b2 vaccine and 48% received the mRNA-1273 vaccine. Lower anti-S1 antibody levels are associated with age of 65 years or older, male sex, higher body mass index, smoking, diabetes, COPD and receipt of BNT16b2 vaccine (vs mRNA-1273). Participants with a prior infection, particularly those with a history of hospitalized illness, have higher anti-S1 antibody levels. These results suggest that adults with certain socio-demographic and clinical characteristics may have less robust antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccination and could be prioritized for more frequent re-vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yifei Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pallavi Balte
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Rebekah Boyle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Linda M Styer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Taison D Bell
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Norrina B Allen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pamela J Schreiner
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Russell P Bowler
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - David A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joyce S Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vanessa Xanthakis
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Margaret F Doyle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Barry J Make
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Alka M Kanaya
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Department of Medicine, Department of Immunology, and Department of Environmental Medicine and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mitchell S V Elkind
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Virginia J Howard
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Victor E Ortega
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Prescott Woodruff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shelley A Cole
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Joel M Henderson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Mantis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Monica M Parker
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ryan T Demmer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Elizabeth C Oelsner
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
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Ganuza E, Etomi EH, Olson M, Whisner CM. Omega-3 eicosapentaenoic polar-lipid rich extract from microalgae Nannochloropsis decreases plasma triglycerides and cholesterol in a real-world normolipidemic supplement consumer population. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1293909. [PMID: 38379539 PMCID: PMC10876867 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1293909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction AlmegaPL® is an oil rich in polar-lipid (> 15% w/w) derived from the microalga Nannochloropsis, that contains exclusively eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA > 25% w/w), without the DHA that is present in all other natural sources of omega-3. Previous findings from a randomized controlled clinical trial demonstrated the ability of AlmegaPL® supplementation to reduce cholesterol levels. Methods In this post-market cohort study, we built upon previous findings and targeted the actual end-users of the supplement. Participants were recruited from a new subscriber database of AlmegaPL® capsules (1000-1100 mg/day) to capture the complexity of real-world clinical and consumer settings. Changes in circulating triglycerides (TG), remnant cholesterol (RC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were monitored at baseline, Month 3, and Month 6 of supplementation using the at-home Baseline Heart Health Testing Kit by Imaware® (Houston, TX, USA). Results Participants, who had, on average, normal TG level at baseline (1.62 ± 0.60 mmol/L), experienced a significant and progressive decrease in TG at Month 3 (8.0%; -0.13 ± 0.59 mmol/L; p < 0.001) and Month 6 (14.2%; -0.23 ± 0.64 mmol/L; p < 0.001) (primary outcome). Furthermore, after 6 months of supplementation, TC and non-HDL-cholesterol decreased by 5.0% (-0.26 ± 0.98 mmol/L; p < 0.001) and 5.5% (-0.21 ± 0.86 mmol/L; p < 0.001) respectively, primarily driven by a 14.9% reduction in RC (-0.11 ± 0.29 mmol/L; p < 0.001). Discussion Consistent with our previous clinical trial, the decrease in RC was not coupled to an increase in LDL, which seems to be a benefit associated with EPA-only based formulations. In addition, this study demonstrated the AlmegaPL® capacity to maintain already healthy TG levels by further inducing a 14.9% decrease. Collectively, these findings highlight AlmegaPL® uniqueness as a natural over-the-counter option for EPA-only polar lipid that appears particularly effective in maintaining blood lipid levels in a generally healthy, normolipidemic population. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier NCT05267301.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eneko Ganuza
- Qualitas Health Inc., Houston, TX, United States
- Auka Biotech SL., Iruña/Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Magdalena Olson
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Corrie M. Whisner
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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Petit MP, Ouellette N, Bourbeau R. The case for counting multiple causes of death in the COVID-19 era. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyad149. [PMID: 37930034 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pier Petit
- Department of Demography, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nadine Ouellette
- Department of Demography, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Robert Bourbeau
- Department of Demography, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Wu CC, Chen CH, Wang SR, Shete S. An Approach to Identifying Spatial Variability in Observed Infectious Disease Spread in a Prospective Time-Space Series with Applications to COVID-19 and Dengue Incidence. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-3859620. [PMID: 38343818 PMCID: PMC10854290 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3859620/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Most of the growing prospective analytic methods in space-time disease surveillance and intended functions of disease surveillance systems focus on earlier detection of disease outbreaks, disease clusters, or increased incidence. The spread of the virus such as SARS-CoV-2 has not been spatially and temporally uniform in an outbreak. With the identification of an infectious disease outbreak, recognizing and evaluating anomalies (excess and decline) of disease incidence spread at the time of occurrence during the course of an outbreak is a logical next step. We propose and formulate a hypergeometric probability model that investigates anomalies of infectious disease incidence spread at the time of occurrence in the timeline for many geographically described populations (e.g., hospitals, towns, counties) in an ongoing daily monitoring process. It is structured to determine whether the incidence grows or declines more rapidly in a region on the single current day or the most recent few days compared to the occurrence of the incidence during the previous few days relative to elsewhere in the surveillance period. The new method uses a time-varying baseline risk model, accounting for regularly (e.g., daily) updated information on disease incidence at the time of occurrence, and evaluates the probability of the deviation of particular frequencies to be attributed to sampling fluctuations, accounting for the unequal variances of the rates due to different population bases in geographical units. We attempt to present and illustrate a new model to advance the investigation of anomalies of infectious disease incidence spread by analyzing subsamples of spatiotemporal disease surveillance data from Taiwan on dengue and COVID-19 incidence which are mosquito-borne and contagious infectious diseases, respectively. Efficient R programs for computation are available to implement the two approximate formulae of the hypergeometric probability model for large numbers of events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chieh Wu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Statistics, College of Management, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shann-Rong Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sanjay Shete
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Beaton MA, Gratch I, Cha CB. Specificity, frequency, and intent: Multiple characteristics of adolescents' suicide plan correlate with their history of suicidal behavior. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2023; 53:1025-1037. [PMID: 37720928 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide plans (SP) can be a common precipitant to suicidal behavior (SB) during adolescence, and SPs can vary in how specific they are, how frequently they are thought about, and how strongly they are intended to be enacted. To date, we have limited understanding of how discrete SP characteristics (i.e., specificity, frequency, and intent to act) present among adolescents, and whether they relate to SB. In the current study, we investigated SP characteristics and their association with SB history among adolescents who had previously considered suicide. METHODS Participants were 142 community-based adolescents (14-19 years; M = 17.6, SD = 1.4) who reported a history of suicidal ideation. Adolescents provided responses pertaining to their SP history, SP characteristics, and SB history, via the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview-Revised (SITBI-R). RESULTS Greater specificity, frequency, and intent were each associated with modestly increased odds of reporting an SB history. The associations between plan specificity and SB history, as well as between frequency of thinking about one's SP and SB history, were mediated by adolescents' intent to act on their SP. CONCLUSIONS It may not only be whether, but how, adolescents plan for suicide that relates to their tendency to engage in SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura A Beaton
- Department of Counseling & Clinical Psychology, Teachers College - Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ilana Gratch
- Department of Counseling & Clinical Psychology, Teachers College - Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christine B Cha
- Department of Counseling & Clinical Psychology, Teachers College - Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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11
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Ortega-Ortega M, Hanly P, Pearce A, Soerjomataram I, Sharp L. Projected Impact on Labour Productivity Costs of Cancer-Related Premature Mortality in Europe 2018-2040. Appl Health Econ Health Policy 2023; 21:877-889. [PMID: 37552416 PMCID: PMC10627946 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-023-00824-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM To estimate the potential cost of lost labour productivity due to cancer-related premature mortality in Europe (EU-27 plus Norway, Switzerland, Iceland and United Kingdom) from 2018 to 2040. METHODS Deaths and years of potential productive life lost due to 23 types of cancer were estimated for 2018-2040, for 31 European countries. The data were analysed by age groups, by sex and by year. Projected productivity costs were estimated by calculating gross earnings by country, gender and age group using the Human Capital Approach, adjusting for projected labour force participation and unemployment rates. Various data sources were used. Sensitivity analyses were conducted. RESULTS Between 2018 and 2040, cancer is expected to cause around eight million premature deaths (58% male). The cumulative projected productivity costs in this respect are €1.3 trillion, representing an annual average of €58.7 billion, or 0.43% of the EU-27 gross domestic product. Labour productivity costs are projected to decrease by 6% from 2018 to 2040. The highest cost region is Western Europe, where Germany and France will experience the highest cumulative losses (€288 and €192 billion, respectively). The most costly cancers, in terms of total costs related to productivity losses, are of the lung and colorectum (€264.4 and €116.3 billion, respectively). In terms of average productivity cost per death, the most costly forms of cancer are Hodgkin lymphoma (€301,157) and melanoma (€260,522). CONCLUSION The novel information presented could help national policymakers anticipate possible areas for cost savings. Action should be taken on disease prevention, on reducing mortality and on delaying the age of death due to Hodgkin lymphoma, brain cancer, leukaemia and melanoma. Furthermore, the study findings enhance our understanding of macroeconomic variables and could be useful in determining a re-allocation of health expenditures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ortega-Ortega
- Department of Applied and Public Economics, and Political Economy, Complutense University of Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Paul Hanly
- School of Business, National College of Ireland, Mayor Street, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Alison Pearce
- Daffodil Centre, University of Sydney, A Joint Venture with Cancer Council NSW, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Isabelle Soerjomataram
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon CEDEX 08, France
| | - Linda Sharp
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Sir James Spence Institute, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
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12
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Weber DJ, Rutala WA, Sickbert-Bennett E. Emerging infectious diseases, focus on infection prevention, environmental survival and germicide susceptibility: SARS-CoV-2, Mpox, and Candida auris. Am J Infect Control 2023; 51:A22-A34. [PMID: 37890950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New and emerging infectious diseases continue to represent a public health threat. Emerging infectious disease threats include pathogens increasing in range (eg, Mpox), zoonotic microbes jumping species lines to cause sustained infections in humans via person-to-person transmission (SARS-CoV-2) and multidrug-resistant pathogens (eg, Candida auris). MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched the published English literature and reviewed the selected articles on SARS-CoV-2, Mpox, and Candida auris with a focus on environmental survival, contamination of the patient's hospital environment, susceptibility of the pathogen to antiseptics and disinfectants and infection prevention recommendations. RESULTS All three pathogens (ie, SARS-CoV-2, Mpox, and Candida auris) can survive on surfaces for minutes to hours and for Mpox and C auris for days. Currently available antiseptics (eg, 70%-90% alcohol hand hygiene products) are active against SARS-CoV-2, Mpox and C auris. The U.S Environmental Protection Agency provides separate lists of surface disinfectants active against SARS-CoV-2, Mpox, and C auris. DISCUSSION The risk of environment-to-patient transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Mpox and Candida auris, is very low, low-moderate and high, respectively. In the absence of appropriate patient isolation and use of personal protection equipment, the risk of patient-to-health care provider transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Mpox, and C auris is high, moderate and low, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Appropriate patient isolation, use of personal protective equipment by health care personnel, hand hygiene, and surface disinfection can protect patients and health care personnel from acquiring SARS-CoV-2, Mpox, and C auris from infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Weber
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Infection Prevention, UNC Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - William A Rutala
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Emily Sickbert-Bennett
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Infection Prevention, UNC Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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13
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Zuo W, Sun R, Ji Z, Ma G. Macrophage-driven cardiac inflammation and healing: insights from homeostasis and myocardial infarction. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:81. [PMID: 37858035 PMCID: PMC10585879 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Early and prompt reperfusion therapy has markedly improved the survival rates among patients enduring myocardial infarction (MI). Nonetheless, the resulting adverse remodeling and the subsequent onset of heart failure remain formidable clinical management challenges and represent a primary cause of disability in MI patients worldwide. Macrophages play a crucial role in immune system regulation and wield a profound influence over the inflammatory repair process following MI, thereby dictating the degree of myocardial injury and the subsequent pathological remodeling. Despite numerous previous biological studies that established the classical polarization model for macrophages, classifying them as either M1 pro-inflammatory or M2 pro-reparative macrophages, this simplistic categorization falls short of meeting the precision medicine standards, hindering the translational advancement of clinical research. Recently, advances in single-cell sequencing technology have facilitated a more profound exploration of macrophage heterogeneity and plasticity, opening avenues for the development of targeted interventions to address macrophage-related factors in the aftermath of MI. In this review, we provide a summary of macrophage origins, tissue distribution, classification, and surface markers. Furthermore, we delve into the multifaceted roles of macrophages in maintaining cardiac homeostasis and regulating inflammation during the post-MI period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Renhua Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Yancheng No. 1 People's Hospital, No. 66 South Renmin Road, Yancheng, 224000, China
| | - Zhenjun Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Genshan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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14
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Roifman I. Editorial for "Effect of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease on Left Ventricular Deformation and Atrioventricular Coupling in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome Assessed by MRI". J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 58:1108-1109. [PMID: 36621892 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Idan Roifman
- Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Health Science Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Becker TD, Eschliman EL, Thakrar AP, Yang LH. A conceptual framework for how structural changes in emerging acute substance use service models can reduce stigma of medications for opioid use disorder. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1184951. [PMID: 37829763 PMCID: PMC10565357 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1184951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Stigma toward people taking medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is prevalent, harmful to the health and well-being of this population, and impedes MOUD treatment resource provision, help-seeking, and engagement in care. In recent years, clinicians have implemented new models of MOUD-based treatment in parts of the United States that integrate buprenorphine initiation into emergency departments and other acute general medical settings, with post-discharge linkage to office-based treatment. These service models increase access to MOUD and they have potential to mitigate stigma toward opioid use and MOUD. However, the empirical literature connecting these emerging service delivery models to stigma outcomes remains underdeveloped. This paper aims to bridge the stigma and health service literatures via a conceptual model delineating how elements of emerging MOUD service models can reduce stigma and increase behavior in pursuit of life goals. Specifically, we outline how new approaches to three key processes can counter structural, public, and self-stigma for this population: (1) community outreach with peer-to-peer influence, (2) clinical evaluation and induction of MOUD in acute care settings, and (3) transition to outpatient maintenance care and early recovery. Emerging service models that target these three processes can, in turn, foster patient empowerment and pursuit of life goals. There is great potential to increase the well-being of people who use opioids by reducing stigma against MOUD via these structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Becker
- Department of Psychiatry, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Evan L. Eschliman
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ashish P. Thakrar
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lawrence H. Yang
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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16
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Vo JB, Gierach GL. Understanding disparities in the burden of mortality as a step towards health equity in the USA. Lancet 2023; 402:1022-1023. [PMID: 37544308 PMCID: PMC10680152 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline B Vo
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gretchen L Gierach
- Integrative Tumor Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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17
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Mongin D, Bürgisser N, Laurie G, Schimmel G, Vu DL, Cullati S, Courvoisier DS. Effect of SARS-CoV-2 prior infection and mRNA vaccination on contagiousness and susceptibility to infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5452. [PMID: 37673865 PMCID: PMC10482859 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunity conferred by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and infections reduces the transmission of the virus. To answer how the effect of immunity is shared between a reduction of infectiousness and an increased protection against infection, we examined >50,000 positive cases and >110,000 contacts from Geneva, Switzerland (June 2020 to March 2022). We assessed the association between secondary attack rate (i.e. proportion of new cases among contacts) and immunity from natural infection and/or vaccination, stratifying per four SARS-CoV-2 variants and adjusting for index cases and contacts' socio-demographic characteristics and the propensity of the contacts to be tested. Here we show that immunity protected contacts from infection, rather than reducing infectiousness of index cases. Natural infection conferred the strongest immunity. Hybrid immunity did not surpass recent infection. Although of smaller amplitude, the reduction in infectiousness due to vaccination was less affected by time and by the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants than the susceptibility to infection. These findings support the role of vaccine in reducing infectiousness and underscore the complementary role of interventions reducing SARS-CoV-2 propagation, such as mask use or indoor ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Mongin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Nils Bürgisser
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- General internal medicine division, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gustavo Laurie
- Division of General cantonal physician, Geneva Directorate of Health, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Schimmel
- Division of General cantonal physician, Geneva Directorate of Health, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Diem-Lan Vu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of General cantonal physician, Geneva Directorate of Health, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephane Cullati
- Division Quality of care, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Delphine Sophie Courvoisier
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division Quality of care, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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18
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Touma Sawaya R, Touma M, Gutierrez-Martinez L, Josephy-Hernandez S, Chemali Z. The impact of COVID-19 on older minority adults in the United States: challenges and potential solutions. Psychogeriatrics 2023; 23:891-893. [PMID: 37437923 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mia Touma
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sylvia Josephy-Hernandez
- Hospital Dr. Maximiliano Peralta Jiménez, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Zeina Chemali
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, MGH, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Gao JJ, Pazdur R, Kim T. Advancing Therapies for Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Other Pacific Islanders With Cancer: OCE's Project ASIATICA. JCO Oncol Pract 2023; 19:704-705. [PMID: 37384849 DOI: 10.1200/op.23.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Project ASIATICA is a new @FDAOncology initiative focusing on AA & NHPI patients with cancer. @drjennifergao @tamykim27 @realrickpazdur
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Gao
- US Food and Drug Administration, Oncology Center of Excellence, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Richard Pazdur
- US Food and Drug Administration, Oncology Center of Excellence, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Tamy Kim
- US Food and Drug Administration, Oncology Center of Excellence, Silver Spring, MD
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20
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Nacarelli GS, Fasolino T, Davis S. Dietary, macronutrient, micronutrient, and nutrigenetic factors impacting cardiovascular risk markers apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A1: a narrative review. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad102. [PMID: 37615981 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic predisposition and dietary factors can impact cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Two important markers in assessing CVD risk are apolipoprotein (apo) B and apolipoprotein A1 plasma levels. These markers are measured as a ratio, with a high apoB:apoA1 ratio associated with increased CVD risk. Dietary and lifestyle recommendations are the cornerstone of managing primary and secondary CVD risk-mitigation strategies. One way to assess the impact of various dietary and lifestyle interventions on CVD risk is to evaluate the changes in CVD risk markers, such as apoB, apoA1, and apoB:apoA1 ratio. Various human studies have demonstrated the impact of dietary, macronutrient, and micronutrient interventions on apoB and apoA1 status. This review aims to elucidate dietary, macronutrient, micronutrient, and nutrigenetic considerations for impacting apoB and apoA1 levels. A low-carbohydrate, high-saturated-fat diet, low fiber intake, low vitamin and mineral intake, and zinc and iron deficiency are associated with an elevated apoB:apoA1 ratio. The Mediterranean diet, vegan diet, fermented dairy products, lower sugar intake, higher protein intake, higher polyunsaturated fat intake, and an omega-3-rich diet are associated with a decreased apoB:apoA1 ratio. Micronutrients associated with a decreased apoB:apoA1 ratio include vitamin D sufficiency, increased serum vitamin C, and magnesium. Variants in the APOE, APOA1, and FADS2 genes may alter the apoB:apoA1 ratio in response to various dietary interventions. When accounting for factors that may favorably alter the apoB:apoA1 ratio, researchers should consider a healthy diet sufficient in polyunsaturated fats, vitamins, minerals, trace minerals, and lower excess sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tracy Fasolino
- Clemson School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Stephanie Davis
- Clemson School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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21
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Hill AV, Dyer HP, Gianakas J, Howze R, King A, Gary-Webb TL, Méndez DD. Correlates of COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake in Black Adults Residing in Allegheny County, PA. Health Equity 2023; 7:419-429. [PMID: 37638118 PMCID: PMC10457607 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2022.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Efforts to address vaccine uptake and access among black adults will be relevant for continued coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) eradication efforts and can be transferable to other prevention efforts in future pandemics. This study investigated factors related to COVID-19 vaccine uptake and access among black residents in Allegheny County, PA. Methods Surveys were administered electronically from October 2021 to January 2022 to black Allegheny County residents aged 18 and older. Questions included thoughts on COVID mitigation strategies (e.g., masking, social distancing), vaccination status, intention to vaccinate children, trust of COVID-19 information sources and vaccines, family needs, access to support services, and social media use to access information. Descriptive statistics and significant correlates of being vaccinated using adjusted logistic regression models are reported. Results Of the overall sample (N=397), the majority were fully vaccinated (n=306, 77%). Fully vaccinated participants were more likely to be female (62.5%, p=0.010), age 60 years or older (34.3%, p=0.0002), have some college education (23.2%, p<0.0001), and be employed full time (50.0%, p=0.0001) compared with nonvaccinated individuals. Among the unvaccinated participants (n=91), the primary reason was fear of illness (8.9%), long-term effects (6.5%), mistrust in the vaccine (6.3%), and needing more information (4.5%). Vaccine-hesitant participants were more likely to be unvaccinated (adjusted odds ratio=2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.25-4.14) after adjusting for age, education, employment, insurance, health status, and income. Conclusion Vaccine hesitancy may be improved by directly addressing fear of illness resulting from vaccines and improving clarity in the vaccine development and approval process to improve uptake among black adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley V. Hill
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Black Equity Coalition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Harika P. Dyer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Black Equity Coalition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Gianakas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Epidemiology Data Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ruth Howze
- Black Equity Coalition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ayanna King
- Black Equity Coalition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tiffany L. Gary-Webb
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Black Equity Coalition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dara D. Méndez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Black Equity Coalition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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22
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Lawrence WR, Freedman ND, McGee-Avila JK, Berrington de González A, Chen Y, Emerson MA, Gee GC, Haozous EA, Haque AT, Inoue-Choi M, Jackson SS, Lord B, Nápoles AM, Pérez-Stable EJ, Vo JB, Williams F, Shiels MS. Trends in Mortality From Poisonings, Firearms, and All Other Injuries by Intent in the US, 1999-2020. JAMA Intern Med 2023; 183:849-856. [PMID: 37399025 PMCID: PMC10318548 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.2509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Importance Although deaths due to external causes are a leading cause of mortality in the US, trends over time by intent and demographic characteristics remain poorly understood. Objective To examine national trends in mortality rates due to external causes from 1999 to 2020 by intent (homicide, suicide, unintentional, and undetermined) and demographic characteristics. External causes were defined as poisonings (eg, drug overdose), firearms, and all other injuries, including motor vehicle injuries and falls. Given the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic, US death rates for 2019 and 2020 were also compared. Design, Setting, and Participants Serial cross-sectional study using national death certificate data obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics and including all external causes of 3 813 894 deaths among individuals aged 20 years or older from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2020. Data analysis was conducted from January 20, 2022, to February 5, 2023. Exposures Age, sex, and race and ethnicity. Main Outcomes and Measures Trends in age-standardized mortality rates and average annual percentage change (AAPC) in rates calculated by intent (suicide, homicide, unintentional, and undetermined), age, sex, and race and ethnicity for each external cause. Results Between 1999 and 2020, there were 3 813 894 deaths due to external causes in the US. From 1999 to 2020, poisoning death rates increased annually (AAPC, 7.0%; 95% CI, 5.4%-8.7%). From 2014 to 2020, poisoning death rates increased the most among men (APC, 10.8%; 95% CI, 7.7%-14.0%). During the study period, poisoning death rates increased in all the racial and ethnic groups examined; the most rapid increase was among American Indian and Alaska Native individuals (AAPC, 9.2%; 95% CI, 7.4%-10.9%). During the study period, death rates for unintentional poisoning had the most rapid rate of increase (AAPC, 8.1%; 95% CI, 7.4%-8.9%). From 1999 to 2020, firearm death rates increased (AAPC, 1.1%; 95% CI, 0.7%-1.5%). From 2013 to 2020, firearm mortality increased by an average of 4.7% annually (95% CI, 2.9%-6.5%) among individuals aged 20 to 39 years. From 2014 to 2020, mortality from firearm homicides increased by an average of 6.9% annually (95% CI, 3.5%-10.4%). From 2019 to 2020, mortality rates from external causes accelerated further, largely from increases in unintentional poisoning, and homicide due to firearms and all other injuries. Conclusions and Relevance Results of this cross-sectional study suggest that from 1999 to 2020, death rates due to poisonings, firearms, and all other injuries increased substantially in the US. The rapid increase in deaths due to unintentional poisonings and firearm homicides is a national emergency that requires urgent public health interventions at the local and national levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne R. Lawrence
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Neal D. Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Jennifer K. McGee-Avila
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Amy Berrington de González
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yingxi Chen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Marc A. Emerson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Gilbert C. Gee
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Emily A. Haozous
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Anika T. Haque
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Maki Inoue-Choi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Sarah S. Jackson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Brittany Lord
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Anna M. Nápoles
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable
- Office of the Director, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jacqueline B. Vo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Faustine Williams
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Meredith S. Shiels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
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Pierre CN, Adams LE, Anasti K, Goodman D, Stanfield-Oakley S, Powers JM, Li D, Rountree W, Wang Y, Edwards RJ, Munir Alam S, Ferrari G, Tomaras GD, Haynes BF, Baric RS, Saunders KO. Non-neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 N-terminal domain antibodies protect mice against severe disease using Fc-mediated effector functions. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.25.550460. [PMID: 37546738 PMCID: PMC10402036 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.25.550460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies perform both neutralizing and non-neutralizing effector functions that protect against certain pathogen-induced diseases. A human antibody directed at the SARS-CoV-2 Spike N-terminal domain (NTD), DH1052, was recently shown to be non-neutralizing yet it protected mice and cynomolgus macaques from severe disease. The mechanisms of this non-neutralizing antibody-mediated protection are unknown. Here we show that Fc effector functions mediate non-neutralizing antibody (non-nAb) protection against SARS-CoV-2 MA10 viral challenge in mice. Though non-nAb infusion did not suppress infectious viral titers in the lung as potently as NTD neutralizing antibody (nAb) infusion, disease markers including gross lung discoloration were similar in nAb and non-nAb groups. Fc functional knockout substitutions abolished non-nAb protection and increased viral titers in the nAb group. Finally, Fc enhancement increased non-nAb protection relative to WT, supporting a positive association between Fc functionality and degree of protection in SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study demonstrates that non-nAbs can utilize Fc-mediated mechanisms to lower viral load and prevent lung damage due to coronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille N Pierre
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Lily E Adams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Kara Anasti
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Derrick Goodman
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | | | - John M Powers
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Dapeng Li
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Wes Rountree
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Robert J Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - S Munir Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
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24
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Rahman MM, Cook J, Taebi A. Non-contact heart vibration measurement using computer vision-based seismocardiography. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11787. [PMID: 37479720 PMCID: PMC10362031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38607-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Seismocardiography (SCG) is the noninvasive measurement of local vibrations of the chest wall produced by the mechanical activity of the heart and has shown promise in providing clinical information for certain cardiovascular diseases including heart failure and ischemia. Conventionally, SCG signals are recorded by placing an accelerometer on the chest. In this paper, we propose a novel contactless SCG measurement method to extract them from chest videos recorded by a smartphone. Our pipeline consists of computer vision methods including the Lucas-Kanade template tracking to track an artificial target attached to the chest, and then estimate the SCG signals from the tracked displacements. We evaluated our pipeline on 14 healthy subjects by comparing the vision-based SCG[Formula: see text] estimations with the gold-standard SCG[Formula: see text] measured simultaneously using accelerometers attached to the chest. The similarity between SCG[Formula: see text] and SCG[Formula: see text] was measured in the time and frequency domains using the Pearson correlation coefficient, a similarity index based on dynamic time warping (DTW), and wavelet coherence. The average DTW-based similarity index between the signals was 0.94 and 0.95 in the right-to-left and head-to-foot directions, respectively. Furthermore, SCG[Formula: see text] signals were utilized to estimate the heart rate, and these results were compared to the gold-standard heart rate obtained from ECG signals. The findings indicated a good agreement between the estimated heart rate values and the gold-standard measurements (bias = 0.649 beats/min). In conclusion, this work shows promise in developing a low-cost and widely available method for remote monitoring of cardiovascular activity using smartphone videos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Muntasir Rahman
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, 39762, USA
| | - Jadyn Cook
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, 39762, USA
| | - Amirtahà Taebi
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, 39762, USA.
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25
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Rai M, Zimowska B, Gade A, Ingle P. Phoma spp. an untapped treasure of cytotoxic compounds: current status and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12635-9. [PMID: 37401998 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The genus Phoma has been explored for a wide range of secondary metabolites signifying a huge range of bioactivities. Phoma sensu lato is a major group that secretes several secondary metabolites. The genus Phoma mainly includes Phoma macrostoma, P. multirostrata, P. exigua, P. herbarum, P. betae, P. bellidis, P. medicaginis, P. tropica, and many more species from the genus that are continuously being identified for their potential secondary metabolites. The metabolite spectrum includes bioactive compounds like phomenon, phomin, phomodione, cytochalasins, cercosporamide, phomazines, and phomapyrone reported from various Phoma spp. These secondary metabolites show a broad range of activities including antimicrobial, antiviral, antinematode, and anticancer. The present review is aimed to emphasize the importance of Phoma sensu lato fungi, as a natural source of biologically active secondary metabolites, and their cytotoxic activities. So far, cytotoxic activities of Phoma spp. have not been reviewed; hence, this review will be novel and useful for the readers to develop Phoma-derived anticancer agents. KEY POINTS: • Different Phoma spp. contain a wide variety of bioactive metabolites. • These Phoma spp. also secrete cytotoxic and antitumor compounds. • The secondary metabolites can be used for the development of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Rai
- Biotechnology Department, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, 444 602, Maharashtra, India.
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100, Torun, Poland.
| | - Beata Zimowska
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland7 K. St. Leszczyńskiego Street, 20-069, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aniket Gade
- Biotechnology Department, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, 444 602, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, 400019, Mumbai, India
| | - Pramod Ingle
- Biotechnology Department, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, 444 602, Maharashtra, India
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26
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Ison MG, Weinstein DF, Dobryanska M, Holmes A, Phelan AM, Li Y, Gupta D, Narayan K, Tosh K, Hershberger E, Connolly LE, Yalcin I, Campanaro E, Hawn P, Schmidt P. Prevention of COVID-19 Following a Single Intramuscular Administration of Adintrevimab: Results From a Phase 2/3 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (EVADE). Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad314. [PMID: 37496612 PMCID: PMC10368201 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in vulnerable populations is a global health priority. EVADE was a phase 2/3 multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of adintrevimab, an extended-half-life monoclonal antibody, for postexposure (PEP) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) of symptomatic COVID-19. Methods Eligible participants (vaccine-naive, aged ≥12 years) were randomized 1:1 to receive a single 300-mg intramuscular injection of adintrevimab or placebo. Primary efficacy end points were reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 through day 28 in the PEP cohort (RT-PCR-negative at baseline) and through month 3 in the PrEP cohort (RT-PCR-negative and seronegative at baseline) among participants randomized before emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron variant (November 30, 2021). Safety was assessed through 6 months. Results Between April 27, 2021, and January 11, 2022, 2582 participants were randomized. In the primary efficacy analysis, RT-PCR-confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 occurred in 3/175 (1.7%) vs 12/176 (6.8%) adintrevimab- and placebo-treated PEP participants, respectively (74.9% relative risk reduction [RRR]; standardized risk difference, -5.0%; 95% CI, -8.87% to -1.08%; P = .0123) and in 12/752 (1.6%) vs 40/728 (5.5%) adintrevimab- and placebo-treated PrEP participants, respectively (71.0% RRR; standardized risk difference, -3.9%; 95% CI, -5.75% to -2.01%; P < .0001). In a prespecified exploratory analysis of 428 PrEP participants randomized after the emergence of Omicron, adintrevimab reduced RT-PCR-confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 by 40.6% (standardized risk difference -8.4%; 95% CI, -15.35% to -1.46%; nominal P = .0177) vs placebo. Adintrevimab was well tolerated, with no serious drug-related adverse events reported. Conclusions A single intramuscular injection of adintrevimab provided prophylactic efficacy against COVID-19 due to susceptible variants without safety concerns. Clinical trial registration. NCT04859517.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Ison
- Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Marta Dobryanska
- Department of Emergency Care and ARENSIA Exploratory Medicine, Kyiv City Clinical Hospital No. 12, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Yong Li
- Invivyd, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pete Schmidt
- Correspondence: Pete Schmidt, MD, MS, Invivyd, Inc., 1601 Trapelo Road, Suite 178, Waltham, MA 02451 ()
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27
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Tai SY, Chi YC, Chien YW, Kawachi I, Lu TH. Dashboard With Bump Charts to Visualize the Changes in the Rankings of Leading Causes of Death According to Two Lists: National Population-Based Time-Series Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e42149. [PMID: 37368475 PMCID: PMC10337380 DOI: 10.2196/42149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health advocates and the media often use the rankings of the leading causes of death (CODs) to draw attention to health issues with relatively high mortality burdens in a population. The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) publishes "Deaths: leading causes" annually. The ranking list used by the NCHS and statistical offices in several countries includes broad categories such as cancer, heart disease, and accidents. However, the list used by the World Health Organization (WHO) subdivides broad categories (17 for cancer, 8 for heart disease, and 6 for accidents) and classifies Alzheimer disease and related dementias and hypertensive diseases more comprehensively compared to the NCHS list. Regarding the data visualization of the rankings of leading CODs, the bar chart is the most commonly used graph; nevertheless, bar charts may not effectively reveal the changes in the rankings over time. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to use a dashboard with bump charts to visualize the changes in the rankings of the leading CODs in the United States by sex and age from 1999 to 2021, according to 2 lists (NCHS vs WHO). METHODS Data on the number of deaths in each category from each list for each year were obtained from the Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research system, maintained by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Rankings were based on the absolute number of deaths. The dashboard enables users to filter by list (NCHS or WHO) and demographic characteristics (sex and age) and highlight a particular COD. RESULTS Several CODs that were only on the WHO list, including brain, breast, colon, hematopoietic, lung, pancreas, prostate, and uterus cancer (all classified as cancer on the NCHS list); unintentional transport injury; poisoning; drowning; and falls (all classified as accidents on the NCHS list), were among the 10 leading CODs in several sex and age subgroups. In contrast, several CODs that appeared among the 10 leading CODs according to the NCHS list, such as pneumonia, kidney disease, cirrhosis, and sepsis, were excluded from the 10 leading CODs if the WHO list was used. The rank of Alzheimer disease and related dementias and hypertensive diseases according to the WHO list was higher than their ranks according to the NCHS list. A marked increase in the ranking of unintentional poisoning among men aged 45-64 years was noted from 2008 to 2021. CONCLUSIONS A dashboard with bump charts can be used to improve the visualization of the changes in the rankings of leading CODs according to the WHO and NCHS lists as well as demographic characteristics; the visualization can help users make informed decisions regarding the most appropriate ranking list for their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Tai
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chen Chi
- Department of Healthcare Information and Management, School of Health Technology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Chien
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tsung-Hsueh Lu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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28
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Martin RA, Keeler SP, Wu K, Shearon WJ, Patel D, Li J, Hoang M, Hoffmann CM, Hughes ME, Holtzman MJ. An alternative mechanism for skeletal muscle dysfunction in long-term post-viral lung disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L870-L878. [PMID: 37130808 PMCID: PMC10259859 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00338.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung disease is often accompanied by disabling extrapulmonary symptoms, notably skeletal muscle dysfunction and atrophy. Moreover, the severity of respiratory symptoms correlates with decreased muscle mass and in turn lowered physical activity and survival rates. Previous models of muscle atrophy in chronic lung disease often modeled chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and relied on cigarette smoke exposure and LPS stimulation, but these conditions independently affect skeletal muscle even without accompanying lung disease. Moreover, there is an emerging and pressing need to understand the extrapulmonary manifestations of long-term post-viral lung disease (PVLD) as found in COVID-19. Here, we examine the development of skeletal muscle dysfunction in the setting of chronic pulmonary disease caused by infection due to the natural pathogen Sendai virus using a mouse model of PVLD. We identify a significant decrease in myofiber size when PVLD is maximal at 49 days after infection. We find no change in the relative types of myofibers, but the greatest decrease in fiber size is localized to fast-twitch-type IIB myofibers based on myosin heavy chain immunostaining. Remarkably, all biomarkers of myocyte protein synthesis and degradation (total RNA, ribosomal abundance, and ubiquitin-proteasome expression) were stable throughout the acute infectious illness and chronic post-viral disease process. Together, the results demonstrate a distinct pattern of skeletal muscle dysfunction in a mouse model of long-term PVLD. The findings thereby provide new insights into prolonged limitations in exercise capacity in patients with chronic lung disease after viral infections and perhaps other types of lung injury.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study used a mouse model of post-viral lung disease to study the impact of chronic lung disease on skeletal muscle. The model reveals a decrease in myofiber size that is selective for specific types of myofibers and an alternative mechanism for muscle atrophy that might be independent of the usual markers of protein synthesis and degradation. The findings provide a basis for new therapeutic strategies to correct skeletal muscle dysfunction in chronic respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Martin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Shamus P Keeler
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Kangyun Wu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - William J Shearon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Devin Patel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Jiajia Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - My Hoang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Christy M Hoffmann
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Michael E Hughes
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Michael J Holtzman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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29
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A G, D W, H K C, S W, N H, R H, I U, S C. Changes in adult trauma at a level 1 trauma center before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. JEM Rep 2023; 2:100024. [PMID: 37124345 PMCID: PMC10122564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemrpt.2023.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Prior research has shown the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with changes in ED volumes, trauma caseloads and distribution of disease. Objectives We aim to characterize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic at a diverse, high-volume Level 1 trauma center in the US. Methods We performed a retrospective review of our institutional trauma registry at our center from 2018 through 2021 to study changes before and after COVID-19. We established March 14 - December 31 as the study period of interest for each year. We analyzed the data with descriptive statistics and created Poisson regression models to determine the estimated percentage year-to-year changes. Results Total number of trauma cases increased with each subsequent year from 2018 (N = 4605) to 2021 (N = 7331) (total N = 23,727). In general, the proportion of Black or African American patients increased over time (2018: 19.2%, 2021: 23.0%). The proportion of patients insured by Medicaid (8.0% vs 10.5%) and Medicare (26.5% vs 32.8%) increased from 2018 to 2021. Comparing 2019 to 2020, we found increases in violent traumas: GSW (+88.6%, 95% CI 63.8%-117.2%) and stabbings (+39.6%, 95% CI 8.1%-80.3%). Trauma patient ED LOS decreased from 300 min (67-400 IQR) in 2018 to 249 min in 2021 (104-510 IQR). Conclusion This analysis identified increased trauma volumes, especially violent trauma (GSW, stabbing, other penetrating). There was a greater proportion of Black/African American patients and those insured with Medicare or Medicaid during the pandemic. TED LOS decreased over time while ED mortality and hospital LOS remained stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garcia A
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Walter D
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chan H K
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Emergency Medicine Research Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Walia S
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hoot N
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Emergency Medicine Research Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huebinger R
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Emergency Medicine Research Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ugalde I
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Emergency Medicine Research Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chavez S
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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30
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Fiorica PN, Sheng H, Zhu Q, Roh JM, Laurent CA, Ergas IJ, Delmerico J, Kwan ML, Kushi LH, Ambrosone CB, Yao S. A Mendelian Randomization Analysis of 55 Genetically Predicted Metabolic Traits with Breast Cancer Survival Outcomes in the Pathways Study. Cancer Res Commun 2023; 3:1104-1112. [PMID: 37377609 PMCID: PMC10286812 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest associations of metabolic syndromes with breast cancer prognosis, yet the evidence is mixed. In recent years, the maturation of genome-wide association study findings has led to the development of polygenic scores (PGS) for many common traits, making it feasible to use Mendelian randomization to examine associations between metabolic traits and breast cancer outcomes. In the Pathways Study of 3,902 patients and a median follow-up time of 10.5 years, we adapted a Mendelian randomization approach to calculate PGS for 55 metabolic traits and tested their associations with seven survival outcomes. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to derive HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) with adjustment for covariates. The highest tertile (T3) of PGS for cardiovascular disease was associated with shorter overall survival (HR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.11-1.61) and second primary cancer-free survival (HR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.12-1.53). PGS for hypertension (T3) was associated with shorter overall survival (HR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.00-1.43), second primary cancer-free survival (HR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.06-1.45), invasive disease-free survival (HR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.01-1.38), and disease-free survival (HR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.04-1.39). PGS for serum cystatin C levels (T3) was associated with longer disease-free survival (HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.71-0.95), breast event-free survival (HR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.61-0.91), and breast cancer-specific survival (HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.54-0.95). The above associations were significant at a nominal P < 0.05 level but not after correcting for multiple testing (Bonferroni P < 0.0009). Our analyses revealed notable associations of PGS for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and cystatin C levels with breast cancer survival outcomes. These findings implicate metabolic traits in breast cancer prognosis. Significance To our knowledge, this is the largest study of PGS for metabolic traits with breast cancer prognosis. The findings revealed significant associations of PGS for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and cystatin C levels with several breast cancer survival outcomes. These findings implicate an underappreciated role of metabolic traits in breast cancer prognosis that would warrant further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N. Fiorica
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Haiyang Sheng
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Janise M. Roh
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Cecile A. Laurent
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Isaac J. Ergas
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Jennifer Delmerico
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Marilyn L. Kwan
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Lawrence H. Kushi
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Christine B. Ambrosone
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Song Yao
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
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Abstract
The current epidemic of corona virus disease (COVID-19) has resulted in an immense health burden that became the third leading cause of death and potentially contributed to a decline in life expectancy in the United States. The severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 binds to the surface-bound peptidase angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2, EC 3.4.17.23) leading to tissue infection and viral replication. ACE2 is an important enzymatic component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) expressed in the lung and other organs. The peptidase regulates the levels of the peptide hormones Ang II and Ang-(1-7), which have distinct and opposing actions to one another, as well as other cardiovascular peptides. A potential consequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 infection is reduced ACE2 activity by internalization of the viral-ACE2 complex and subsequent activation of the RAS (higher ratio of Ang II:Ang-[1-7]) that may exacerbate the acute inflammatory events in COVID-19 patients and possibly contribute to the effects of long COVID-19. Moreover, COVID-19 patients present with an array of autoantibodies to various components of the RAS including the peptide Ang II, the enzyme ACE2, and the AT1 AT2 and Mas receptors. Greater disease severity is also evident in male COVID-19 patients, which may reflect underlying sex differences in the regulation of the 2 distinct functional arms of the RAS. The current review provides a critical evaluation of the evidence for an activated RAS in COVID-19 subjects and whether this system contributes to the greater severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 infection in males as compared with females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Chappell
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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32
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Redberg RF. JAMA Internal Medicine-The Year in Review, 2022. JAMA Intern Med 2023; 183:405-406. [PMID: 36939695 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.6198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita F Redberg
- Editor, JAMA Internal Medicine.,University of California, San Francisco
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33
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Faresjö Å, Karlsson JE, Segerberg H, Lebena A, Faresjö T. Cardiovascular and psychosocial risks among patients below age 50 with acute myocardial infarction. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:121. [PMID: 36890430 PMCID: PMC9996997 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03134-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite improvements in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease since the 1960s, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases among young people has remained the same for many years. This study aimed to compare the clinical and psychosocial attributes of young persons affected by myocardial infarction under the age of 50 years compared to middle-aged myocardial infarction patients 51-65 years old. METHODS Data from patients with a documented STEMI or NSTEMI elevated acute myocardial infarction in the age groups up to 65 years, were collected from cardiology clinics at three hospitals in southeast Sweden. The Stressheart study comprised a total of 213 acute myocardial infarction patients, of which n = 33 (15.5%) were under 50 years of age and n = 180 (84.5%) were middle-aged, (51-65 years). These acute myocardial infarction patients filled in a questionnaire at discharge from the hospital and further information through documentation of data in their medical records. RESULTS Blood pressure was significantly higher in young compared to middle-aged patients. For diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.003), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.028), and mean arterial pressure (p = 0.005). Young AMI patients had a higher (p = 0.030) body mass index (BMI) than the middle-aged. Young AMI patients were reported to be more stressed (p = 0.042), had more frequently experienced a serious life event the previous year (p = 0.029), and felt less energetic (p = 0.044) than middle-aged AMI patients. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that persons under the age of 50 affected by acute myocardial infarction exhibit traditional cardiovascular risk factors like high blood pressure, and higher BMI, and were more exposed to some psychosocial risk factors. The risk profile of young persons under age 50 affected by AMI was in these respects more exaugurated than for middle-aged persons with AMI. This study underlines the importance of the early discovery of those at increased risk and encourages preventative actions to focus on both clinical and psychosocial risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åshild Faresjö
- Department of Health, Medicine and Care, General Practice, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan-Erik Karlsson
- Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Care, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Henrik Segerberg
- Department of Health, Medicine and Care, General Practice, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Andrea Lebena
- Department of Health, Medicine and Care, General Practice, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tomas Faresjö
- Department of Health, Medicine and Care, General Practice, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
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Cade BE, Hassan SM, Mullington JM, Karlson EW, Redline S. Impact of Pulmonary and Sleep Disorders on COVID-19 Infection Severity in a Large Clinical Biobank. medRxiv 2023:2023.02.19.23286148. [PMID: 36865276 PMCID: PMC9980259 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.19.23286148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Rationale Multiple pulmonary, sleep, and other disorders are associated with the severity of Covid-19 infections but may or may not directly affect the etiology of acute Covid-19 infection. Identifying the relative importance of concurrent risk factors may prioritize respiratory disease outbreaks research. Objectives To identify associations of common preexisting pulmonary and sleep disease on acute Covid-19 infection severity, investigate the relative contributions of each disease and selected risk factors, identify sex-specific effects, and examine whether additional electronic health record (EHR) information would affect these associations. Methods 45 pulmonary and 6 sleep diseases were examined in 37,020 patients with Covid-19. We analyzed three outcomes: death; a composite measure of mechanical ventilation and/or ICU admission; and inpatient admission. The relative contribution of pre-infection covariates including other diseases, laboratory tests, clinical procedures, and clinical note terms was calculated using LASSO. Each pulmonary/sleep disease model was then further adjusted for covariates. Measurements and main results 37 pulmonary/sleep diseases were associated with at least one outcome at Bonferroni significance, 6 of which had increased relative risk in LASSO analyses. Multiple prospectively collected non-pulmonary/sleep diseases, EHR terms and laboratory results attenuated the associations between preexisting disease and Covid-19 infection severity. Adjustment for counts of prior "blood urea nitrogen" phrases in clinical notes attenuated the odds ratio point estimates of 12 pulmonary disease associations with death in women by ≥1. Conclusions Pulmonary diseases are commonly associated with Covid-19 infection severity. Associations are partially attenuated by prospectively-collected EHR data, which may aid in risk stratification and physiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E. Cade
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Syed Moin Hassan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Janet M. Mullington
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth W. Karlson
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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35
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Sohal A, Chaudhry H, Singla P, Sharma R, Kohli I, Dukovic D, Prajapati D. The burden of Clostridioides difficile on COVID-19 hospitalizations in the USA. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:590-597. [PMID: 36662626 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of hospital acquired-infectious diarrhea in the USA. In this study, we assess the prevalence and impact of CDI in COVID-19 hospitalizations in the USA. METHODS We used the 2020 National Inpatient Sample database to identify adult patients with COVID-19. The patients were stratified into two groups based on the presence of CDI. The impact of CDI on outcomes such as in-hospital mortality, ICU admission, shock, acute kidney injury (AKI), and sepsis rates. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to assess the effects of CDI on outcomes. RESULTS The study population comprised 1581 585 patients with COVID-19. Among these, 0.65% of people had a CDI. There was a higher incidence of mortality in patients with COVID-19 and CDI compared with patients without COVID-19 (23.25% vs 13.33%, P < 0.001). The patients with COVID-19 and CDI had a higher incidence of sepsis (7.69% vs 5%, P < 0.001), shock (23.59% vs 8.59%, P < 0.001), ICU admission (25.54% vs 12.28%, P < 0.001), and AKI (47.71% vs 28.52%, P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, patients with CDI had a statistically significant higher risk of mortality than those without (aOR = 1.47, P < 0.001). We also noted a statistically significant higher risk of sepsis (aOR = 1.47, P < 0.001), shock (aOR = 2.7, P < 0.001), AKI (aOR = 1.55, P < 0.001), and ICU admission (aOR = 2.16, P < 0.001) in the study population. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed the prevalence of CDI in COVID-19 patients was 0.65%. Although the prevalence was low, its presence is associated with worse outcomes and higher resource utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aalam Sohal
- Liver Institute Northwest, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hunza Chaudhry
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Fresno, California, USA
| | - Piyush Singla
- Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Punjab, India
| | | | - Isha Kohli
- Graduate School of Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dino Dukovic
- Ross University School of Medicine, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Devang Prajapati
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, San Francisco, Fresno, California, USA
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36
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Koskan AM, LoCoco IE, Daniel CL, Teeter BS. Rural Americans' COVID-19 Vaccine Perceptions and Willingness to Vaccinate against COVID-19 with Their Community Pharmacists: An Exploratory Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11010171. [PMID: 36680016 PMCID: PMC9864964 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In early 2022 in the U.S., rural adults were the least likely to vaccinate against COVID-19 due to vaccine hesitancy and reduced healthcare access. This study explored the factors influencing rural adults' COVID-19 vaccine perceptions and their acceptance of pharmacist-administered vaccination. We utilized phone-based semi-structured interviews with 30 adults living in rural regions of one southwestern state and analyzed the data using a team-based thematic analysis approach. Vaccine-willing participants described knowing other people affected by the virus and their desired protection from the virus. They reported trusting scientific institutions and the government to provide safe vaccines. Vaccine-hesitant populations, however, feared that the COVID-19 vaccine development process had been rushed, compromising the safety of these newer vaccines. Although they differed in the news sources they preferred for receiving COVID-19 vaccine information, both vaccine-willing and vaccine-hesitant participants described trusting local authorities, such as healthcare providers and county government officials, to provide accurate COVID-19 vaccine information. Regarding the acceptability of pharmacist-administered COVID-19 vaccinations, all but one participant described their acceptance of this healthcare delivery approach. Future outreach should leverage rural adults' trust in local sources, including community pharmacists, deemed more convenient access points to healthcare, when addressing vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M. Koskan
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 425 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Iris E. LoCoco
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 550 E Van Buren Street, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA
| | - Casey L. Daniel
- Department of Family Medicine, Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, 5795 USA North Drive, Mobile, AL 36608, USA
| | - Benjamin S. Teeter
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Burns M, Landry L, Mills D, Carlson N, Blueford JM, Talmi A. COVID-19 pandemic's disproportionate impact on childhood bereavement for youth of color: Reflections and recommendations. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1063449. [PMID: 37063655 PMCID: PMC10098329 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1063449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic devastated public welfare worldwide, bringing excess deaths connected to causes such as homicide, substance abuse, and heart disease. In the U.S., these mortality increases disproportionally impacted communities of color and contributed to a rise in bereavement among adults and children. The death of an important person is one of the most frequently reported disruptive childhood experiences. According to 2023 Childhood Bereavement Estimation Model (CBEM) results, one in 14 U.S. children will experience the death of a parent by age 18. The current study analyzes the impact of the pandemic on childhood bereavement due to parent death by comparing CBEM results for 2021 and 2020 to the average of annual results for 2016 through 2019 for combined U.S. Census race and Hispanic origin categories. Analyses demonstrate that more than 700,000 U.S. children were newly bereaved due to a parent's death in 2020 and 2021. 2020 increases were observed for each race and Hispanic origin population, ranging from 14.9% to 72.4% compared to the 2016-2019 annual average. Hispanic Asian Pacific Islander and Hispanic Black youth experienced the largest percentage increases, while non-Hispanic white youth experienced the smallest. The results contribute to the growing evidence documenting longstanding and enduring disparities in critical U.S. health outcomes based on race and Hispanic origin. Recommendations for the scale and focus of efforts to understand and address bereavement in a way that accommodates the rising need for support in diverse populations to help all bereaved children find hope and healing are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaeleen Burns
- Evaluation and Research, Judi’s House/JAG Institute for Grieving Children and Families, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Correspondence: Michaeleen Burns
| | - Laura Landry
- Evaluation and Research, Judi’s House/JAG Institute for Grieving Children and Families, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - David Mills
- Evaluation and Research, Judi’s House/JAG Institute for Grieving Children and Families, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Nichole Carlson
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jillian M. Blueford
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Ayelet Talmi
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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38
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Faaborg-Andersen CC, daSilva-deAbreu A, Ventura HO. Trends in Heart Failure Outcomes From a Large, Geographically Diverse Cohort During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Mayo Clin Proc 2023; 98:4-6. [PMID: 36603957 PMCID: PMC9676170 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hector O Ventura
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA.
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39
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Czeisler MÉ, Czeisler CA. Shifting Mortality Dynamics in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic as Measured by Years of Life Lost. Ann Intern Med 2023; 176:141-143. [PMID: 36442062 PMCID: PMC9749144 DOI: 10.7326/m22-2226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark É Czeisler
- Francis Weld Peabody Society, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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40
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Lekskulchai V. Use of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio Based on KDIGO 2012 Guideline in a Thai Community Hospital: Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease and its Risk Factors. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2022; 28:e938176. [PMID: 36542497 PMCID: PMC9745955 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.938176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney disease is hard to detect at its early stage; therefore, the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2012 guideline was developed for improving care and outcomes of patients with kidney disease. This study aimed to determine clinical outcomes from applying this guideline in a community hospital service. MATERIAL AND METHODS The patients' data were extracted from their medical records and analyzed for outcomes of using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) for detecting kidney disease. RESULTS The eGFR was utilized in 36 172 patients aged ≥18 years, and 76.86% of them had normal kidney function. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) was 8.20%; most patients (68%) with CKD were in stages 3a and 3b. The most common causes of CKD were diabetes and hypertension. The UACR was mainly used in patients with diabetes. The percentage of patients with UACR ≥3 mg/mmol creatinine alone was significantly higher than that of patients with eGFR.
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41
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Kusumah J, Gonzalez de Mejia E. Impact of soybean bioactive compounds as response to diet-induced chronic inflammation: A systematic review. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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42
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Dominick W. Changes in posttraumatic growth, core belief disruption, and social support over the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1019273. [PMID: 36300068 PMCID: PMC9589248 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1019273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic Growth (PTG) is the positive psychological change that may occur after a highly stressful situation that shakes a person's core beliefs about the world. During 2020, the United States experienced the COVID-19 pandemic and a highly contentious political election, both of which have the potential to disrupt core beliefs and evoke perceptions of PTG. Post-traumatic growth, core belief disruption, perceived social support from humans and pets, coping strategies, and stressful events were assessed in 201 participants from the United States (Mage: 35.39, SD: 14.60) at four time points from April 2020 (T1) until April 2021 (T4). While total PTG did not significantly change from Time 1 to Time 4, perceptions of personal strength and new possibilities increased, as did core belief disruption, and the use of coping strategies decreased. Higher PTG was reported by those who owned pets, those who knew someone who had been hospitalized due to COVID-19, and those who knew someone who had died of COVID-19. While rating COVID-19 or politics as the most stressful event at Time 4 did not correspond to differences in PTG, those who perceived the event to be resolved had higher PTG than those who perceived the event to be ongoing. Having COVID-19 personally and vaccination status was not associated with differences in Post-traumatic Growth. PTG at Time 4 was predicted by core belief disruption and social support in the full sample and in the pet owners only sample, and by support from video conferencing for the full sample only. Time 4 PTG was also predicted by core belief disruption, problem-focused coping, and avoidance coping. Results are discussed in terms of the PTG theoretical model. Additionally, implications for interventions aimed at fostering psychological growth, including through non-traditional forms of social support (i.e., remote communication and perceived support from pets) are addressed.
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43
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Martin RA, Keeler SP, Wu K, Shearon WJ, Patel D, Hoang M, Hoffmann CM, Hughes ME, Holtzman MJ. An alternative mechanism for skeletal muscle dysfunction in long-term post-viral lung disease. bioRxiv 2022:2022.10.07.511313. [PMID: 36238722 PMCID: PMC9558431 DOI: 10.1101/2022.10.07.511313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lung disease is often accompanied by disabling extrapulmonary symptoms, notably skeletal muscle dysfunction and atrophy. Moreover, the severity of respiratory symptoms correlates with decreased muscle mass and in turn lowered physical activity and survival rates. Previous models of muscle atrophy in chronic lung disease often modeled COPD and relied on cigarette smoke exposure and LPS-stimulation, but these conditions independently affect skeletal muscle even without accompanying lung disease. Moreover, there is an emerging and pressing need to understand the extrapulmonary manifestations of long-term post-viral lung disease (PVLD) as found in Covid-19. Here, we examine the development of skeletal muscle dysfunction in the setting of chronic pulmonary disease using a mouse model of PVLD caused by infection due to the natural pathogen Sendai virus. We identify a significant decrease in myofiber size when PVLD is maximal at 49 d after infection. We find no change in the relative types of myofibers, but the greatest decrease in fiber size is localized to fast-twitch type IIB myofibers based on myosin heavy chain immunostaining. Remarkably, all biomarkers of myocyte protein synthesis and degradation (total RNA, ribosomal abundance, and ubiquitin-proteasome expression) were stable throughout the acute infectious illness and chronic post-viral disease process. Together, the results demonstrate a distinct pattern of skeletal muscle dysfunction in a mouse model of long-term PVLD. The findings thereby provide new insight into prolonged limitations in exercise capacity in patients with chronic lung disease after viral infections and perhaps other types of lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Martin
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Shamus P. Keeler
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Kangyun Wu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - William J. Shearon
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Devin Patel
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - My Hoang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Christy M. Hoffmann
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Michael E. Hughes
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Michael J. Holtzman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
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44
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Kareff SA, Khan A, Barreto-Coelho P, Iyer SG, Pico B, Stanchina M, Dutcher G, Monteiro de Oliveira Novaes J, Nallagangula A, Lopes G. Prevalence and Outcomes of COVID-19 among Hematology/Oncology Patients and Providers of a Community-Facing Health System during the B1.1.529 (“Omicron”) SARS-CoV-2 Variant Wave. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194629. [PMID: 36230552 PMCID: PMC9561998 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The COVID-19 pandemic continues, and cancer patients are at high risk for both contracting as well as dying from the infection. There is not as much data known about newer COVID-19 variants such as Omicron compared to earlier waves for patients with cancer. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated how COVID-19 positivity affected both patients and their providers in our community-facing cancer clinic. We found that 33.3% compared to 8.7% of cancer providers versus patients, respectively, tested positive for COVID-19 from December 2021 through April 2022 (p = 0.038). Furthermore, we saw that almost two-thirds of cancer patients experienced delays in receiving cancer treatments. Finally, over 10% of cancer patients (4 of 90) died during the Omicron wave. This study confirms that COVID-19 remains a formidable infection in terms of cancer patients’ treatment as well as livelihood, and continues to result in considerable health care disparities for disadvantaged populations. Abstract (1) Background: the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic continues, and patients actively receiving chemotherapy are known to be at enhanced risk for developing symptomatic disease with poorer outcomes. Our study evaluated the prevalence of COVID-19 among patients and providers of our community-facing county health system during the B1.1.529 (“Omicron”) COVID-19 variant wave. (2) Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients that received care and clinical providers whom worked at the Jackson Memorial Hospital Hematology/Oncology clinic in Miami, Florida, USA, from 1 December 2021 through 30 April 2022. We assessed demographic variables and quality outcomes among patients. (3) Results: 1031 patients and 18 providers were retrospectively analyzed. 90 patients tested positive for COVID-19 (8.73%), while 6 providers tested positive (33.3%) (p = 0.038). There were 4 (10.3%) COVID-19-related deaths (and another outside our study timeframe) and 39 non-COVID-19-related deaths (89.7%) in the patient population (p = 0.77). COVID-19 accounted for 4.44% of our clinic’s total mortality, and delayed care in 64.4% of patients. (4) Conclusions: The prevalence of COVID-19 positivity in our patient cohort mirrored local, state, and national trends, however a statistically significant greater proportion of our providers tested positive. Almost two-thirds of patients experienced a cancer treatment delay, significantly impacting oncologic care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. Kareff
- University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Aliya Khan
- Broward Health North, Pompano Beach, FL 33064, USA
| | - Priscila Barreto-Coelho
- University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sunil Girish Iyer
- University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Brian Pico
- Memorial Cancer Institute, Pembroke Pines, FL 33028, USA
| | - Michele Stanchina
- University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Giselle Dutcher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | | | - Gilberto Lopes
- School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Salomon JA, Bilinski A. Evaluating the Performance of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Community Levels as Leading Indicators of COVID-19 Mortality. Ann Intern Med 2022; 175:1240-1249. [PMID: 35914253 PMCID: PMC9364882 DOI: 10.7326/m22-0803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines low, medium, and high "COVID-19 community levels" to guide interventions, but associated mortality rates have not been reported. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic performance of CDC COVID-19 community level metrics as predictors of elevated community mortality risk. DESIGN Time series analysis over the period of 30 May 2021 through 4 June 2022. SETTING U.S. states and counties. PARTICIPANTS U.S. population. MEASUREMENTS CDC "COVID-19 community level" metrics based on hospital admissions, bed occupancy, and reported cases; reported COVID-19 deaths; and sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for CDC and alternative metrics. RESULTS Mean and median weekly mortality rates per 100 000 population after onset of high COVID-19 community level 3 weeks prior were, respectively, 2.6 and 2.4 (interquartile range [IQR], 1.7 to 3.1) across 90 high episodes in states and 4.3 and 2.1 (IQR, 0 to 5.4) across 7987 high episodes in counties. In 85 of 90 (94%) episodes in states and 4801 of 7987 (60%) episodes in counties, lagged weekly mortality after onset exceeded 0.9 per 100 000 population, and in 57 of 90 (63%) episodes in states and 4018 of 7987 (50%) episodes in counties, lagged weekly mortality after onset exceeded 2.1 per 100 000, which is equivalent to approximately 1000 daily deaths in the national population. Alternative metrics based on lower hospital admissions or case thresholds were associated with lower mortality and had higher sensitivity and negative predictive value for elevated mortality, but the CDC metrics had higher specificity and positive predictive value. Ratios between cases, hospitalizations, and deaths have varied substantially over time. LIMITATIONS Aggregate mortality does not account for nonfatal outcomes or disparities. Continuing evolution of viral variants, immunity, clinical interventions, and public health mitigation strategies complicate prediction for future waves. CONCLUSION Designing metrics for public health decision making involves tradeoffs between identifying early signals for action and avoiding undue restrictions when risks are modest. Explicit frameworks for evaluating surveillance metrics can improve transparency and decision support. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Salomon
- Department of Health Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (J.A.S.)
| | - Alyssa Bilinski
- Departments of Health Services, Policy & Practice & Biostatistics, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island (A.B.)
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