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Poon C, Teikari P, Rachmadi MF, Skibbe H, Hynynen K. A dataset of rodent cerebrovasculature from in vivo multiphoton fluorescence microscopy imaging. Sci Data 2023; 10:141. [PMID: 36932084 PMCID: PMC10023658 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We present MiniVess, the first annotated dataset of rodent cerebrovasculature, acquired using two-photon fluorescence microscopy. MiniVess consists of 70 3D image volumes with segmented ground truths. Segmentations were created using traditional image processing operations, a U-Net, and manual proofreading. Code for image preprocessing steps and the U-Net are provided. Supervised machine learning methods have been widely used for automated image processing of biomedical images. While much emphasis has been placed on the development of new network architectures and loss functions, there has been an increased emphasis on the need for publicly available annotated, or segmented, datasets. Annotated datasets are necessary during model training and validation. In particular, datasets that are collected from different labs are necessary to test the generalizability of models. We hope this dataset will be helpful in testing the reliability of machine learning tools for analyzing biomedical images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charissa Poon
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Physical Sciences Platform, Toronto, M4N 3M5, Canada.
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Brain Image Analysis Unit, Wako-shi, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Petteri Teikari
- High-Dimensional Neurology Group, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | | | - Henrik Skibbe
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Brain Image Analysis Unit, Wako-shi, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kullervo Hynynen
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Physical Sciences Platform, Toronto, M4N 3M5, Canada
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Poon C, Pellow C, Hynynen K. Neutrophil Recruitment and Leukocyte Response Following Focused Ultrasound and Microbubble Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Treatments. Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ) 2022; 20:100-116. [PMID: 35746942 PMCID: PMC9063606 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
(Appeared originally in Theranostics 2021; 11:1655-1671) Reprinted under Creative Commons Attribution License.
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Magota H, Sasaki M, Kataoka-Sasaki Y, Oka S, Ukai R, Kiyose R, Onodera R, Kocsis JD, Honmou O. Intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells delays disease progression in the SOD1G93A transgenic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis rat model. Brain Res 2021; 1757:147296. [PMID: 33516815 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ALS is a devastating neurodegenerative disease with few curative strategies. Both sporadic and familial ALS display common clinical features that show progressive paralysis. The pathogenesis remains unclear, but disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) may contribute to the degeneration of motor neurons. Thus, restoration of the disrupted BSCB and neuroprotection for degenerating motor neurons could be therapeutic targets. We tested the hypothesis that an intravenous infusion of MSCs would delay disease progression through the preservation of BSCB function and increased expression of a neurotrophic factor, neurturin, in SOD1G93A ALS rats. When the open-field locomotor function was under 16 on the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scoring scale, the rats were randomized into two groups; one received an intravenous infusion of MSCs, while the other received vehicle alone. Locomotor function was recorded using BBB scoring and rotarod testing. Histological analyses, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), were performed. The MSC group exhibited reduced deterioration of locomotor activity compared to the vehicle group, which displayed progressive deterioration of hind limb function. We observed the protection of motor neuron loss and preservation of microvasculature using Evans blue leakage and immunohistochemical analyses in the MSC group. Confocal microscopy revealed infused green fluorescent protein+ (GFP+) MSCs in the spinal cord, and the GFP gene was detected by nested PCR. Neurturin expression levels were significantly higher in the MSC group. Thus, restoration of the BSCB and the protection of motor neurons might be contributing mechanisms to delay disease progression in SOD1G93A ALS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Magota
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan; Tominaga Hospital, Naniwa-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 556-0017, Japan
| | - Masanori Sasaki
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan; Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States; Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, United States.
| | - Yuko Kataoka-Sasaki
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
| | - Shinichi Oka
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
| | - Ryo Ukai
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
| | - Ryo Kiyose
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan; Tominaga Hospital, Naniwa-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 556-0017, Japan
| | - Rie Onodera
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
| | - Jeffery D Kocsis
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States; Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, United States
| | - Osamu Honmou
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan; Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States; Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, United States
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Matsumura T, Sato T, Abe T, Sanjo H, Katagiri K, Kimura H, Fujii T, Tanaka H, Hirabayashi M, Ogawa T. Rat in vitro spermatogenesis promoted by chemical supplementations and oxygen-tension control. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3458. [PMID: 33568686 PMCID: PMC7875995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82792-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro spermatogenesis (IVS) using air-liquid interphase organ culture method is possible with mouse testis tissues. The same method, however, has been hardly applicable to animals other than mice, only producing no or limited progression of spermatogenesis. In the present study, we challenged IVS of rats with modifications of culture medium, by supplementing chemical substances, including hormones, antioxidants, and lysophospholipids. In addition, reducing oxygen tension by placing tissues in an incubator of lower oxygen concentration and/or applying silicone cover ceiling on top of the tissue were effective for improving the spermatogenic efficiency. Through these modifications of the culture condition, rat spermatogenesis up to round spermatids was maintained over 70 days in the cultured tissue. Present results demonstrated a significant progress in rat IVS, revealing conditions commonly favorable for mice and rats as well as finding rat-specific optimizations. This is an important step towards successful IVS in many animal species, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Matsumura
- grid.268441.d0000 0001 1033 6139Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Life Science, Yokohama City University Association of Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Takuya Sato
- grid.268441.d0000 0001 1033 6139Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Life Science, Yokohama City University Association of Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Takeru Abe
- grid.268441.d0000 0001 1033 6139Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Life Science, Yokohama City University Association of Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sanjo
- grid.268441.d0000 0001 1033 6139Department of Urology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kumiko Katagiri
- grid.268441.d0000 0001 1033 6139Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Life Science, Yokohama City University Association of Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- grid.265061.60000 0001 1516 6626Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Teruo Fujii
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XInstitute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Tanaka
- grid.411871.a0000 0004 0647 5488Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki Japan
| | - Masumi Hirabayashi
- grid.467811.d0000 0001 2272 1771Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi Japan
| | - Takehiko Ogawa
- grid.268441.d0000 0001 1033 6139Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Life Science, Yokohama City University Association of Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan ,grid.268441.d0000 0001 1033 6139Department of Urology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
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Poon C, Pellow C, Hynynen K. Neutrophil recruitment and leukocyte response following focused ultrasound and microbubble mediated blood-brain barrier treatments. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1655-1671. [PMID: 33408773 PMCID: PMC7778596 DOI: 10.7150/thno.52710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain is limited by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). An emerging strategy to temporarily and locally increase the permeability of the BBB is the use of transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) and systematically injected microbubbles (MBs). FUS+MB BBB treatments cause an acute inflammatory response, marked by a transient upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes; however, the cellular immune response remains unknown. Methods: FUS+MB BBB treatments were monitored in real-time using two-photon fluorescence microscopy and transgenic EGFP Wistar rats, which harbour several fluorescent cell types. Leukocyte identification and counts were confirmed using magnetic resonance imaging-guided FUS+MB BBB treatments. Participation of leukocytes in reducing β-amyloid pathology following repeated FUS+MB BBB treatments was investigated in the TgCRND8 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Results: Intravascular leukocyte activity indicative of acute inflammation were identified, including transendothelial migration, formation of cell aggregates, and cell masses capable of perturbing blood flow. Leukocyte responses were only observed after the onset of sonication. Neutrophils were identified to be a key participating leukocyte. Significantly more neutrophils were detected in the sonicated hemisphere compared to the contralateral hemisphere, and to untreated controls. Three to five biweekly FUS+MB BBB treatments did not induce significantly more neutrophil recruitment, nor neutrophil phagocytosis of β-amyloid plaques, in TgCRND8 mice compared to untreated controls. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that the cellular aspect of the peripheral immune response triggered by FUS+MB BBB treatments begins immediately after sonication, and emphasizes the importance for further investigations to be conducted to understand leukocyte dynamics and cerebral blood flow responses to FUS+MB BBB treatments.
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Piñero G, Setton-Avruj P. Busting the myth: more good than harm in transgenic cells. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:967-968. [PMID: 30762001 PMCID: PMC6404496 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.249219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Piñero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Setton-Avruj
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Chen R, Xie W, Cai B, Qin Y, Wu C, Zhou W, Zhou C, Yu S, Kuang J, Yang B, Zhao M, Zhu P. Establishment and Identification of a CiPSC Lineage Reprogrammed from FSP-tdTomato Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts (MEFs). Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:5965727. [PMID: 30675169 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5965727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Safety issues associated with transcription factors or viruses may be avoided with the use of chemically induced pluripotent stem cells (CiPSCs), thus promoting their clinical application. Previously, we had successfully developed and standardized an induction method using small-molecule compound, with simple operation, uniform induction conditions, and clear constituents. In order to verify that the CiPSCs were indeed reprogrammed from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), and further explore the underlying mechanisms, FSP-tdTomato mice were used to construct a fluorescent protein-tracking system of MEFs, for revealing the process of CiPSC reprogramming. CiPSCs were identified by morphological analysis, mRNA, and protein expression of pluripotency genes, as well as teratoma formation experiments. Results showed that after 40-day treatment of tdTomato-MEFs with small-molecule compounds, the cells were presented with prominent nucleoli, high core-to-cytoplasmic ratio, round shape, group and mass arrangement, and high expression of pluripotency gene. These cells could differentiate into three germ layer tissues in vivo. As indicated by the above results, tdTomato-MEFs could be reprogrammed into CiPSCs, a lineage that possesses pluripotency similar to mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), with the use of small-molecule compounds. The establishment of CiPSC lineage, tracked by fluorescent protein, would benefit further studies exploring its underlying mechanisms. With continuous expression of fluorescent proteins during cellular differentiation, this cell lineage could be used for tracking CiPSC transplantation and differentiation into functional cells.
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Marunouchi T, Yano E, Tanonaka K. Effects of cardiosphere-derived cell transplantation on cardiac mitochondrial oxygen consumption after myocardial infarction in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:883-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Oldani G, Peloso A, Vijgen S, Wilson EM, Slits F, Gex Q, Morel P, Delaune V, Orci LA, Yamaguchi T, Kobayashi T, Rubbia-Brandt L, Nakauchi H, Lacotte S, Toso C. Chimeric liver transplantation reveals interspecific graft remodelling. J Hepatol 2018; 69:1025-1036. [PMID: 30031887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS A major limitation in the field of liver transplantation is the shortage of transplantable organs. Chimeric animals carrying human tissue have the potential to solve this problem. However, currently available chimeric organs retain a high level of xenogeneic cells, and the transplantation of impure organs needs to be tested. METHODS We created chimeric livers by injecting Lewis rat hepatocytes into C57Bl/6Fah-/-Rag2-/-Il2rg-/- mice, and further transplanted them into newly weaned Lewis rats (45 ± 3 g) with or without suboptimal immunosuppression (tacrolimus 0.6 mg/kg/day for 56 or 112 days). Control donors included wild-type C57Bl/6 mice (xenogeneic) and Lewis rats (syngeneic). RESULTS Without immunosuppression, recipients of chimeric livers experienced acute rejection, and died within 8 to 11 days. With immunosuppression, they all survived for >112 days with normal weight gain compared to syngeneic controls, while all xenogeneic controls died within 98 days due to rejection with Banff scores >6 (p = 0.0014). The chimeric grafts underwent post-transplant remodelling, growing by 670% on average. Rat hepatocytes fully replaced mouse hepatocytes starting from day 56 (absence of detectable mouse serum albumin, histological clearance of mouse hepatocytes). In addition, rat albumin levels reached those of syngeneic recipients. Four months after transplantation of chimeric livers, we observed the development of diffuse mature rat bile ducts through transdifferentiation of hepatocytes (up to 72% of cholangiocytes), and patchy areas of portal endothelium originating from the host (seen in one out of five recipients). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data demonstrate the efficacy of transplanting rat-to-mouse chimeric livers into rats, with a high potential for post-transplant recipient-oriented graft remodelling. Validation in a large animal model is still needed. LAY SUMMARY Chimeric animals are composed of cells from different species. Chimeric animals carrying human tissue have the potential to increase the availability of transplantable organs. We transplanted rat-to-mouse liver grafts into newly weaned rats. The chimeric grafts underwent post-transplant remodelling with rat hepatocytes replacing all mouse hepatocytes within 56 days. In addition, we observed the post-transplant development of diffuse mature rat bile ducts through the transformation of hepatocytes, and patchy areas of portal endothelium originating from the host. These data demonstrate the efficacy of transplanting rat-to-mouse chimeric livers into rats, with a high potential for post-transplant graft remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Oldani
- Division of Abdominal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Peloso
- Division of Abdominal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Vijgen
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Florence Slits
- Division of Abdominal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Gex
- Division of Abdominal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Morel
- Division of Abdominal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vaihere Delaune
- Division of Abdominal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo A Orci
- Division of Abdominal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaguchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kobayashi
- Section of Mammalian Transgenesis, Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Laura Rubbia-Brandt
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stéphanie Lacotte
- Division of Abdominal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Toso
- Division of Abdominal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Matsuura R, Miyagawa S, Fukushima S, Goto T, Harada A, Shimozaki Y, Yamaki K, Sanami S, Kikuta J, Ishii M, Sawa Y. Intravital imaging with two-photon microscopy reveals cellular dynamics in the ischeamia-reperfused rat heart. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15991. [PMID: 30375442 PMCID: PMC6207786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34295-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in intravital microscopy have provided insight into dynamic biological events at the cellular level in both healthy and pathological tissue. However, real-time in vivo cellular imaging of the beating heart has not been fully established, mainly due to the difficulty of obtaining clear images through cycles of cardiac and respiratory motion. Here we report the successful recording of clear in vivo moving images of the beating rat heart by two-photon microscopy facilitated by cardiothoracic surgery and a novel cardiac stabiliser. Subcellular dynamics of the major cardiac components including the myocardium and its subcellular structures (i.e., nuclei and myofibrils) and mitochondrial distribution in cardiac myocytes were visualised for 4-5 h in green fluorescent protein-expressing transgenic Lewis rats at 15 frames/s. We also observed ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury-induced suppression of the contraction/relaxation cycle and the consequent increase in cell permeability and leukocyte accumulation in cardiac tissue. I/R injury was induced in other transgenic mouse lines to further clarify the biological events in cardiac tissue. This imaging system can serve as an alternative modality for real time monitoring in animal models and cardiological drug screening, and can contribute to the development of more effective treatments for cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Matsuura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satsuki Fukushima
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takasumi Goto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akima Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuri Shimozaki
- Research and Development Division for Advanced Technology, Research and Development Center, Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yamaki
- Research and Development Division for Advanced Technology, Research and Development Center, Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Sanami
- Research and Development Division for Advanced Technology, Research and Development Center, Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Kikuta
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Rikimaru-Nishi Y, Rikimaru H, Hashiguchi S, Kanazawa T, Ohta K, Nakamura KI, Kiyokawa K. Histological study of costal cartilage after transplantation and reasons for avoidance of postoperative resorption and retention of cartilage structure in rats. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2018; 52:352-358. [PMID: 30286673 DOI: 10.1080/2000656x.2018.1505634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited information is available on the biological status of transplanted cartilage from which the perichondrium has been removed. This article describes the histological and three-dimensional structural picture of cartilage, using green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic rats and normal wild rats. METHODS Three sections of costal cartilage were harvested from 10-week-old wild rats. One section was used as a specimen while two were subcutaneously collected from the dorsal region of 10-week-old GFP rats at 4 and 8 weeks post-transplant. The experiment was performed in two randomized groups. The perichondrium was removed from transplanted cartilage in the first group and perichondrium of transplanted cartilage remained intact in the second group. Histology and focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope (FIB/SEM) tomography were used to evaluate the transplanted cartilage. RESULTS All 40 transplanted sections were harvested and no infections, exposure or qualitative change of cartilage matrix were seen following transplant. Histological analyses showed that the surface layer of the GFP-negative transplanted cartilage was replaced with GFP-positive chondrocytes 8 weeks post-transplant in the first group. A three-dimensional layer of perichondrium-like tissue reconstructed around the cartilage at 8 weeks was confirmed, resembling normal perichondrium. However, the GFP-positive chondrocytes were not replaced in the second group. CONCLUSIONS The cell renewal of chondrocytes is necessary for subcutaneously transplanted cartilage to maintain its tissue composition over a long period of time. The histological and ultrastructural analyses revealed that cells from recipient tissue generated new chondrocytes even when cartilage was implanted after removing the perichondrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Rikimaru-Nishi
- a Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery , Kurume , Japan.,b Division of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy , Kurume University School of Medicine , Kurume , Japan
| | - Hideaki Rikimaru
- a Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery , Kurume , Japan
| | - Shinichiro Hashiguchi
- a Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery , Kurume , Japan
| | - Tomonoshin Kanazawa
- b Division of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy , Kurume University School of Medicine , Kurume , Japan
| | - Keisuke Ohta
- b Division of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy , Kurume University School of Medicine , Kurume , Japan
| | - Kei-Ichiro Nakamura
- b Division of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy , Kurume University School of Medicine , Kurume , Japan
| | - Kensuke Kiyokawa
- a Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery , Kurume , Japan
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Piñero G, Usach V, Soto PA, Monje PV, Setton-avruj P. EGFP transgene: a useful tool to track transplanted bone marrow mononuclear cell contribution to peripheral remyelination. Transgenic Res 2018; 27:135-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-018-0062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Nevzati E, Rey J, Coluccia D, D'Alonzo D, Grüter B, Remonda L, Fandino J, Marbacher S. Biodegradable Magnesium Stent Treatment of Saccular Aneurysms in a Rat Model - Introduction of the Surgical Technique. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28994804 DOI: 10.3791/56359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The steady progess in the armamentarium of techniques available for endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms requires affordable and reproducable experimental animal models to test novel embolization materials such as stents and flow diverters. The aim of the present project was to design a safe, fast, and standardized surgical technique for stent assisted embolization of saccular aneurysms in a rat animal model. Saccular aneurysms were created from an arterial graft from the descending aorta.The aneurysms were microsurgically transplanted through end-to-side anastomosis to the infrarenal abdominal aorta of a syngenic male Wistar rat weighing >500 g. Following aneurysm anastomosis, aneurysm embolization was performed using balloon expandable magnesium stents (2.5 mm x 6 mm). The stent system was retrograde introduced from the lower abdominal aorta using a modified Seldinger technique. Following a pilot series of 6 animals, a total of 67 rats were operated according to established standard operating procedures. Mean surgery time, mean anastomosis time, and mean suturing time of the artery puncture site were 167 ± 22 min, 26 ± 6 min and 11 ± 5 min, respectively. The mortality rate was 6% (n=4). The morbidity rate was 7.5% (n=5), and in-stent thrombosis was found in 4 cases (n=2 early, n=2 late in stent thrombosis). The results demonstrate the feasibility of standardized stent occlusion of saccular sidewall aneurysms in rats - with low rates of morbidity and mortality. This stent embolization procedure combines the opportunity to study novel concepts of stent or flow diverter based devices as well as the molecular aspects of healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edin Nevzati
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau; Neuro Lab, Research Group for Experimental Neurosurgery and Neurocritical Care, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital and University of Bern;
| | - Jeannine Rey
- Neuro Lab, Research Group for Experimental Neurosurgery and Neurocritical Care, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital and University of Bern
| | - Daniel Coluccia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau; Neuro Lab, Research Group for Experimental Neurosurgery and Neurocritical Care, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital and University of Bern
| | - Donato D'Alonzo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau; Neuro Lab, Research Group for Experimental Neurosurgery and Neurocritical Care, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital and University of Bern
| | - Basil Grüter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau; Neuro Lab, Research Group for Experimental Neurosurgery and Neurocritical Care, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital and University of Bern
| | - Luca Remonda
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Aarau
| | - Javier Fandino
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau; Neuro Lab, Research Group for Experimental Neurosurgery and Neurocritical Care, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital and University of Bern
| | - Serge Marbacher
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau; Neuro Lab, Research Group for Experimental Neurosurgery and Neurocritical Care, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital and University of Bern
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14
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Wu J, Sun Z, Sun HS, Wu J, Weisel RD, Keating A, Li ZH, Feng ZP, Li RK. Intravenously Administered Bone Marrow Cells Migrate to Damaged Brain Tissue and Improve Neural Function in Ischemic Rats. Cell Transplant 2017; 16:993-1005. [DOI: 10.3727/000000007783472435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence suggests that bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are capable of regenerating damaged tissue. This study evaluated whether intravenously (noninvasively) administered, GFP-labeled BMSCs would migrate into damaged brain tissue and improve neurological function after a stroke. Wistar rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion. Twenty-four hours after injury, the rats received an IV injection of culture medium or BMSCs isolated from adult Wistar rats expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). Two hours after injury and 1, 3, and 7 days after cell transplantation, neurological function was evaluated using a neurological severity scale. On day 7, the brain scar size was determined using tetrazolium chloride staining, and the implanted cells were identified using confocal microscopy. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate apoptosis and angiogenesis in the ischemic region, as well as the spatial distribution of the implanted BMSCs relative to the native neural cells. Implanted BMSCs migrated throughout the territory of the middle cerebral artery by 7 days after transplantation. Most implanted cells were located in the scar area and border zone of the ischemic region, and some expressed the neuronal marker NeuN. Rats receiving BMSC transplantation exhibited reduced scar size, limited apoptosis, and enhanced angiogenic factor expression and vascular density in the ischemic region relative to the control group, as well as significant improvements in the neurological severity scores. Intravenously administrated BMSCs facilitated the structural and functional recovery of neural tissue following ischemic injury, perhaps mediated by enhanced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhuo Sun
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jun Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard D. Weisel
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Armand Keating
- Division of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Toronto General Research Institute and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhi-Hong Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Isshiki H, Arimura Y, Nagaishi K, Kawakami K, Onodera K, Yamashita K, Naishiro Y, Fujimiya M, Imai K, Shinomura Y. Establishment of a refined culture method for rat colon organoids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 489:305-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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16
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Maruyama M, Fujisawa M, Yokosuka M, Saito TR, Hayama SI, Akimoto T, Hakamata Y. A new in vivo analysis model to detect sexually dimorphic rat liver cytochrome P450 gene expression dependent on growth hormone secretory patterns. Exp Anim 2016; 65:447-454. [PMID: 27356855 PMCID: PMC5111848 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.16-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes exhibit sexual dimorphism depending on the pituitary growth hormone (GH) secretory patterns. However, the mechanism underlying CYP sexual dimorphism remains unclear. We previously established a transgenic (Alb-DsRed2 Tg) rat that expressed red fluorescent DsRed2 protein, particularly in hepatocytes, to visualize cell differentiation and multiplication and found that hepatic DsRed2 expression exhibited sexual dimorphism that was limited to adult males. In this study, we compared the expression patterns between sexual dimorphic Cyps and DsRed2 in Tg rats after experimentally reversing the GH secretory patterns in males and females. Postnatal day 1 male and female Tg rats were gonadectomized and then testosterone propionate (0.25 mg/rat) was subcutaneously administered to ovariectomized females immediately after surgery. Cyp mRNA and DsRed2 expression levels were quantified using RT-PCR and an in vivo imaging system, respectively. GH-dependent Cyps and hepatic DsRed2 expression patterns were reversed in males and females at 9 weeks after birth and were significantly correlated (P<0.05). This suggested that DsRed2 expression in these Tg rats depended on GH secretory patterns. Based on DsRed2 fluorescence, this Tg rat model could become a tool to readily and effectively evaluate changes in GH-dependent Cyp expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyo Maruyama
- Divison of Laboratory Animal Science, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
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17
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Nagaya M, Watanabe M, Kobayashi M, Nakano K, Arai Y, Asano Y, Takeishi T, Umeki I, Fukuda T, Yashima S, Takayanagi S, Watanabe N, Onodera M, Matsunari H, Umeyama K, Nagashima H. A transgenic-cloned pig model expressing non-fluorescent modified Plum. J Reprod Dev 2016; 62:511-520. [PMID: 27396383 PMCID: PMC5081739 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified pigs that express fluorescent proteins such as green and red fluorescent proteins have become indispensable biomedical research tools in
recent years. Cell or tissue transplantation studies using fluorescent markers should be conducted, wherein the xeno-antigenicity of the fluorescent proteins
does not affect engraftment or graft survival. Thus, we aimed to create a transgenic (Tg)-cloned pig that was immunologically tolerant to fluorescent protein
antigens. In the present study, we generated a Tg-cloned pig harboring a derivative of Plum modified by a single amino acid substitution in the chromophore. The
cells and tissues of this Tg-cloned pig expressing the modified Plum (mPlum) did not fluoresce. However, western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses clearly
showed that the mPlum had the same antigenicity as Plum. Thus, we have obtained primary proof of principle for creating a cloned pig that is immunologically
tolerant to fluorescent protein antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Nagaya
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
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18
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Zaglia T, Di Bona A, Chioato T, Basso C, Ausoni S, Mongillo M. Optimized protocol for immunostaining of experimental GFP-expressing and human hearts. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 146:407-19. [PMID: 27311322 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Morphological and histochemical analysis of the heart is fundamental for the understanding of cardiac physiology and pathology. The accurate detection of different myocardial cell populations, as well as the high-resolution imaging of protein expression and distribution, within the diverse intracellular compartments, is essential for basic research on disease mechanisms and for the translatability of the results to human pathophysiology. While enormous progress has been made on the imaging hardware and methods and on biotechnological tools [e.g., use of green fluorescent protein (GFP), viral-mediated gene transduction] to investigate heart cell structure and function, most of the protocols to prepare heart tissue samples for analysis have remained almost identical for decades. We here provide a detailed description of a novel protocol of heart processing, tailored to the simultaneous detection of tissue morphology, immunofluorescence markers and native emission of fluorescent proteins (i.e., GFP). We compared a variety of procedures of fixation, antigen unmasking and tissue permeabilization, to identify the best combination for preservation of myocardial morphology and native GFP fluorescence, while simultaneously allowing detection of antibody staining toward sarcomeric, membrane, cytosolic and nuclear markers. Furthermore, with minimal variations, we implemented such protocol for the study of human heart samples, including those already fixed and stored with conventional procedures, in tissue archives or bio-banks. In conclusion, a procedure is here presented for the laboratory investigation of the heart, in both rodents and humans, which accrues from the same tissue section information that would normally require the time-consuming and tissue-wasting observation of multiple serial sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Zaglia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35133, Padua, Italy. .,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via Orus 2, 35129, Padua, Italy.
| | - Anna Di Bona
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via Orus 2, 35129, Padua, Italy.,Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Via A. Gabelli, 61, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Basso
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Via A. Gabelli, 61, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Simonetta Ausoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35133, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Mongillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35133, Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via Orus 2, 35129, Padua, Italy.,CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padua, Italy
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19
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Igarashi H, Koizumi K, Kaneko R, Ikeda K, Egawa R, Yanagawa Y, Muramatsu SI, Onimaru H, Ishizuka T, Yawo H. A Novel Reporter Rat Strain That Conditionally Expresses the Bright Red Fluorescent Protein tdTomato. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155687. [PMID: 27195805 PMCID: PMC4873025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the strength of the Cre/loxP recombination system in animal models, its application in rats trails that in mice because of the lack of relevant reporter strains. Here, we generated a floxed STOP tdTomato rat that conditionally expresses a red fluorescent protein variant (tdTomato) in the presence of exogenous Cre recombinase. The tdTomato signal vividly visualizes neurons including their projection fibers and spines without any histological enhancement. In addition, a transgenic rat line (FLAME) that ubiquitously expresses tdTomato was successfully established by injecting intracytoplasmic Cre mRNA into fertilized ova. Our rat reporter system will facilitate connectome studies as well as the visualization of the fine structures of genetically identified cells for long periods both in vivo and ex vivo. Furthermore, FLAME is an ideal model for organ transplantation research owing to improved traceability of cells/tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Igarashi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Tohoku University Division for Interdisciplinary Advanced Research and Education, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kyo Koizumi
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kaneko
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Bioresource center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Keiko Ikeda
- Division of Biology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ryo Egawa
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- Center for Gene & Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Onimaru
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Ishizuka
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiromu Yawo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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20
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Seita Y, Tsukiyama T, Iwatani C, Tsuchiya H, Matsushita J, Azami T, Okahara J, Nakamura S, Hayashi Y, Hitoshi S, Itoh Y, Imamura T, Nishimura M, Tooyama I, Miyoshi H, Saitou M, Ogasawara K, Sasaki E, Ema M. Generation of transgenic cynomolgus monkeys that express green fluorescent protein throughout the whole body. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24868. [PMID: 27109065 PMCID: PMC4843004 DOI: 10.1038/srep24868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonhuman primates are valuable for human disease modelling, because rodents poorly recapitulate some human diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease amongst others. Here, we report for the first time, the generation of green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic cynomolgus monkeys by lentivirus infection. Our data show that the use of a human cytomegalovirus immediate-early enhancer and chicken beta actin promoter (CAG) directed the ubiquitous expression of the transgene in cynomolgus monkeys. We also found that injection into mature oocytes before fertilization achieved homogenous expression of GFP in each tissue, including the amnion, and fibroblasts, whereas injection into fertilized oocytes generated a transgenic cynomolgus monkey with mosaic GFP expression. Thus, the injection timing was important to create transgenic cynomolgus monkeys that expressed GFP homogenously in each of the various tissues. The strategy established in this work will be useful for the generation of transgenic cynomolgus monkeys for transplantation studies as well as biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Seita
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tsukiyama
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Chizuru Iwatani
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tsuchiya
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Jun Matsushita
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takuya Azami
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Junko Okahara
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 1430 Nogawa, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-0001, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakamura
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Seiji Hitoshi
- Department of Physiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yasushi Itoh
- Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Imamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishimura
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyoshi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mitinori Saitou
- JST, ERATO, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Reprogramming Science, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Ogasawara
- Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 1430 Nogawa, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-0001, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ema
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Garcia Diaz AI, Moyon B, Coan PM, Alfazema N, Venda L, Woollard K, Aitman T. New Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rat transgenic models with ubiquitous expression of green fluorescent protein. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:463-71. [PMID: 26769799 PMCID: PMC4852507 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.024208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat and the spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rat inbred strains are well-established models for human crescentic glomerulonephritis (CRGN) and metabolic syndrome, respectively. Novel transgenic (Tg) strains add research opportunities and increase scientific value to well-established rat models. We have created two novel Tg strains using Sleeping Beauty transposon germline transgenesis, ubiquitously expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the rat elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1a) promoter on the WKY and SHR genetic backgrounds. The Sleeping Beauty system functioned with high transgenesis efficiency; 75% of new rats born after embryo microinjections were transgene positive. By ligation-mediated PCR, we located the genome integration sites, confirming no exonic disruption and defining a single or low copy number of the transgenes in the new WKY-GFP and SHR-GFP Tg lines. We report GFP-bright expression in embryos, tissues and organs in both lines and show preliminaryin vitroandin vivoimaging data that demonstrate the utility of the new GFP-expressing lines for adoptive transfer, transplantation and fate mapping studies of CRGN, metabolic syndrome and other traits for which these strains have been extensively studied over the past four decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Garcia Diaz
- Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK MRC Clinical Sciences Centre and Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ben Moyon
- Embryonic Stem Cell and Transgenics Facility, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Philip M Coan
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Neza Alfazema
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Lara Venda
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre and Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kevin Woollard
- Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Tim Aitman
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre and Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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22
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Montanari S, Dayan V, Yannarelli G, Billia F, Viswanathan S, Connelly KA, Keating A. Mesenchymal stromal cells improve cardiac function and left ventricular remodeling in a heart transplantation model. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015; 34:1481-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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23
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Nakagaki S, Arimura Y, Nagaishi K, Isshiki H, Nasuno M, Watanabe S, Idogawa M, Yamashita K, Naishiro Y, Adachi Y, Suzuki H, Fujimiya M, Imai K, Shinomura Y. Contextual niche signals towards colorectal tumor progression by mesenchymal stem cell in the mouse xenograft model. J Gastroenterol 2015; 50:962-74. [PMID: 25680886 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-015-1049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) in tumorigenesis remains controversial. This study aimed to determine whether heterotypic interactions between MSCs and colon cancer cells can supply contextual signals towards tumor progression. METHODS Xenografts consisting of co-implanted human colorectal cancer cells with rat MSCs in immunodeficient mice were evaluated by tumor progression, angiogenic profiles, and MSC fate. Furthermore, we investigated how MSCs function as a cancer cell niche by co-culture experiments in vitro. RESULTS Tumor growth progressed in two ways, either independent of or dependent on MSCs. Such cell line-specific dependency could not be explained by host immune competency. COLO 320 xenograft angiogenesis was MSC-dependent, but less dependent on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), whereas HT-29 angiogenesis was not MSC-dependent, but was VEGF-dependent. MSCs and COLO 320 cells established a functional positive feedback loop that triggered formation of a cancer cell niche, leading to AKT activation. Subsequently, MSCs differentiated into pericytes that enhanced angiogenesis as a perivascular niche. In contrast, the MSC niche conferred an anti-proliferative property to HT-29 cells, through mesenchymal-epithelial transition resulting in p38 activation. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, MSCs demonstrate pleiotropic capabilities as a cancer cell or perivascular niche to modulate colorectal cancer cell fate in a cell line-dependent manner in a xenogeneic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Nakagaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology, and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
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24
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Mohammadi E, Nassiri SM, Rahbarghazi R, Siavashi V, Araghi A. Endothelial juxtaposition of distinct adult stem cells activates angiogenesis signaling molecules in endothelial cells. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 362:597-609. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Shen C, Wang J, Zhuang H, Liu J, Wang X, Chen X, Wu Z, Wu W, Wu Y, Sun Y, Yan H, Fei J, Kuang Y, Wang Z. Establishment, characterization, and application of pAcr-SP-NTP-EGFP transgenic mice in visualizing the oviduct-migrating ability of sperm from Prss37-null mice. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:466-73. [PMID: 25921412 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic mouse model with fluorescently labeled sperm has extensive application value. It is an auxiliary tool for investigating the mechanism of fertilization, especially for visualizing the oviduct-migrating ability of sperm in vivo. Here, we produced transgenic mouse lines whose sperm were tagged with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) according to the previously described method. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of tail-tip genomic DNA identified 13 founders, of which 5 male founders produced offspring to form transgenic lines. We showed that EGFP was testis-specifically expressed, sharing similar expression pattern with endogenous acrosin. It has luminal side restricted distribution in seminiferous tubules and acrosomal aggregation in mature sperm. In addition, interstrain hybridization obtained Prss37(-/-)EGFP(tg/+) males produced sperm with impaired oviduct-migrating ability as visualized under fluorescence microscope, compared with Prss37(+/+)EGFP(tg/+) counterparts. These results indicate that a transgenic mouse model with fluorescently labeled sperm has been successfully established and it is a useful tool for evaluating the oviduct-migrating ability of sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hua Zhuang
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianbing Liu
- Model Organism Division, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, SJTUSM, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiyi Wang
- Model Organism Division, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, SJTUSM, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- Model Organism Division, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, SJTUSM, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhuanbin Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenting Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Youbing Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanwen Sun
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huimin Yan
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Fei
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Kuang
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhugang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China Model Organism Division, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, SJTUSM, Shanghai 200025, China
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Espitalier F, Durand N, Rémy S, Corre P, Sourice S, Pilet P, Weiss P, Guicheux J, Malard O. Development of a cyclosporin-A-induced immune tolerant rat model to test marrow allograft cell type effects on bone repair. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 96:430-7. [PMID: 25694361 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-9970-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bone repair is an important concept in tissue engineering, and the ability to repair bone in hypotrophic conditions such as that of irradiated bone, represents a challenge for this field. Previous studies have shown that a combination of bone marrow and (BCP) was effective to repair irradiated bone. However, the origin and role played by each cell type in bone healing still remains unclear. In order to track the grafted cells, the development of an animal model that is immunotolerant to an allograft of bone marrow would be useful. Furthermore, because the immune system interacts with bone turnover, it is of critical importance to demonstrate that immunosuppressive drugs do not interfere with bone repair. After a preliminary study of immunotolerance, cyclosporin-A was chosen to be used in immunosuppressive therapy. Ten rats were included to observe qualitative and quantitative bone repair 8 days and 6 weeks after the creation of bone defects. The defects were filled with an allograft of bone marrow alone or in association with BCP under immunosuppressive treatment (cyclosporin-A). The results showed that there was no significant interaction of cyclosporin-A with osseous regeneration. The use of this new immunotolerant rat model of bone marrow allograft in future studies will provide insight on how the cells within the bone marrow graft contribute to bone healing, especially in irradiated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Espitalier
- INSERM, UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'ingénierie ostéo-articulaire et dentaire, LIOAD, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes Cedex 1, France,
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Watanabe M, Kobayashi M, Nagaya M, Matsunari H, Nakano K, Maehara M, Hayashida G, Takayanagi S, Sakai R, Umeyama K, Watanabe N, Onodera M, Nagashima H. Production of transgenic cloned pigs expressing the far-red fluorescent protein monomeric Plum. J Reprod Dev 2015; 61:169-77. [PMID: 25739316 PMCID: PMC4498373 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2014-153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Monomeric Plum (Plum), a far-red fluorescent protein with photostability and photopermeability, is potentially suitable for in vivo imaging and detection of fluorescence in body tissues. The aim of this study was to generate transgenic cloned pigs exhibiting systemic expression of Plum using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology. Nuclear donor cells for SCNT were obtained by introducing a Plum-expression vector driven by a combination of the cytomegalovirus early enhancer and chicken beta-actin promoter into porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs). The cleavage and blastocyst formation rates of reconstructed SCNT embryos were 81.0% (34/42) and 78.6% (33/42), respectively. At 36-37 days of gestation, three fetuses systemically expressing Plum were obtained from one recipient to which 103 SCNT embryos were transferred (3/103, 2.9%). For generation of offspring expressing Plum, rejuvenated PFFs were established from one cloned fetus and used as nuclear donor cells. Four cloned offspring and one stillborn cloned offspring were produced from one recipient to which 117 SCNT embryos were transferred (5/117, 4.3%). All offspring exhibited high levels of Plum fluorescence in blood cells, such as lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes. In addition, the skin, heart, kidney, pancreas, liver and spleen also exhibited Plum expression. These observations demonstrated that transfer of the Plum gene did not interfere with the development of porcine SCNT embryos and resulted in the successful generation of transgenic cloned pigs that systemically expressed Plum. This is the first report of the generation and characterization of transgenic cloned pigs expressing the far-red fluorescent protein Plum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Watanabe
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
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Cartarozzi LP, Spejo AB, Ferreira RS, Barraviera B, Duek E, Carvalho JL, Góes AM, Oliveira AL. Mesenchymal stem cells engrafted in a fibrin scaffold stimulate Schwann cell reactivity and axonal regeneration following sciatic nerve tubulization. Brain Res Bull 2015; 112:14-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nasuno M, Arimura Y, Nagaishi K, Isshiki H, Onodera K, Nakagaki S, Watanabe S, Idogawa M, Yamashita K, Naishiro Y, Adachi Y, Suzuki H, Fujimiya M, Imai K, Shinomura Y. Mesenchymal stem cells cancel azoxymethane-induced tumor initiation. Stem Cells 2015; 32:913-25. [PMID: 24715689 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in tumorigenesis remains controversial. Therefore, our goal was to determine whether exogenous MSCs possess intrinsic antineoplastic or proneoplastic properties in azoxymethane (AOM)-induced carcinogenesis. Three in vivo models were studied: an AOM/dextran sulfate sodium colitis-associated carcinoma model, an aberrant crypt foci model, and a model to assess the acute apoptotic response of a genotoxic carcinogen (AARGC). We also performed in vitro coculture experiments. As a result, we found that MSCs partially canceled AOM-induced tumor initiation but not tumor promotion. Moreover, MSCs inhibited the AARGC in colonic epithelial cells because of the removal of O(6)-methylguanine (O(6) MeG) adducts through O(6) MeG-DNA methyltransferase activation. Furthermore, MSCs broadly affected the cell-cycle machinery, potentially leading to G1 arrest in vivo. Coculture of IEC-6 rat intestinal cells with MSCs not only arrested the cell cycle at the G1 phase, but also induced apoptosis. The anti-carcinogenetic properties of MSCs in vitro required transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling because such properties were completely abrogated by absorption of TGF-β under indirect coculture conditions. MSCs inhibited AOM-induced tumor initiation by preventing the initiating cells from sustaining DNA insults and subsequently inducing G1 arrest in the initiated cells that escaped from the AARGC. Furthermore, tumor initiation perturbed by MSCs might potentially dysregulate WNT and TGF-β-Smad signaling pathways in subsequent tumorigenesis. Obtaining a better understanding of MSC functions in colon carcinogenesis is essential before commencing the broader clinical application of promising MSC-based therapies for cancer-prone patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanao Nasuno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology, and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
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Yang N, Huang B, Tsinkalovsky O, Brekkå N, Zhu H, Leiss L, Enger PØ, Li X, Wang J. A novel GFP nude rat model to investigate tumor-stroma interactions. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 14:541. [PMID: 25663822 PMCID: PMC4319225 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-014-0146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD A key strategy for the study of the tumor microenvironment is to implant human tumor cells in an immunodeficient rodent strain ubiquitously expressing a fluorescent marker. Here, a novel nude rat expressing a green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgene was established and engrafted with primary human tumor tissue in order to separate tumor from stromal cell populations for subsequent molecular analysis. METHODS SD-TG (GFP) 2BalRrrc transgenic rats were crossed with HsdHan™: rnu/rnu Rowett nude rats to develop a GFP expressing immunocompromised rat. PCR and flow cytometry were used to follow the GFP genotype and phenotype in newborns. After three to four generations, animals were implanted with 4 T1 dsRed murine breast cancer cells or primary human glioblastoma (GBM) biopsies to generate xenografts for subsequent separation by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). RESULTS Fluorecence microscopy and reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated that GFP, under the control of the human ubiquitin C promoter, was stably maintained and expressed in diverse organs over several generations. Immunophenotyping of blood samples by flow cytometry confirmed that the immunodeficient features of the parental rat strain, HsdHan™: rnu/rnu, were retained in the GFP nude rat. Both the murine cell line and human GBM biopsies engrafted, and stromal cell populations were isolated from dissociated xenografts by FACS to > 95% purity. CONCLUSIONS A GFP transgene was stably introduced into a nude rat background in which human and murine cancer cells successfully engrafted. This animal strain provides a novel in vivo system for detailed cellular and molecular characterization of tumor-stroma interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China ; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5009 Bergen, Norway ; Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China ; Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Oleg Tsinkalovsky
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Narve Brekkå
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Huaiyang Zhu
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Lina Leiss
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5009 Bergen, Norway ; Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per Øyvind Enger
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5009 Bergen, Norway ; Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China ; Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5009 Bergen, Norway ; Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Juhasova J, Juhas S, Hruska-Plochan M, Dolezalova D, Holubova M, Strnadel J, Marsala S, Motlik J, Marsala M. Time course of spinal doublecortin expression in developing rat and porcine spinal cord: implication in in vivo neural precursor grafting studies. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 35:57-70. [PMID: 25487013 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Expression of doublecortin (DCX), a 43-53 kDa microtubule binding protein, is frequently used as (i) an early neuronal marker to identify the stage of neuronal maturation of in vivo grafted neuronal precursors (NSCs), and (ii) a neuronal fate marker transiently expressed by immature neurons during development. Reliable identification of the origin of DCX-immunoreactive cells (i.e., host vs. graft) requires detailed spatial and temporal mapping of endogenous DCX expression at graft-targeted brain or spinal cord regions. Accordingly, in the present study, we analyzed (i) the time course of DCX expression in pre- and postnatal rat and porcine spinal cord, and (ii) the DCX expression in spinally grafted porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS)-derived NSCs and human embryonic stem cell (ES)-derived NSCs. In addition, complementary temporospatial GFAP expression study in porcine spinal cord was also performed. In 21-day-old rat fetuses, an intense DCX immunoreactivity distributed between the dorsal horn (DH) and ventral horn was seen and was still present in the DH neurons on postnatal day 20. In animals older than 8 weeks, no DCX immunoreactivity was seen at any spinal cord laminae. In contrast to rat, in porcine spinal cord (gestational period 113-114 days), DCX was only expressed during the pre-natal period (up to 100 days) but was no longer present in newborn piglets or in adult animals. Immunohistochemical analysis was confirmed with a comparable expression profile by western blot analysis. Contrary, the expression of porcine GFAP started within 70-80 days of the pre-natal period. Spinally grafted porcine iPS-NSCs and human ES-NSCs showed clear DCX expression at 3-4 weeks postgrafting. These data indicate that in spinal grafting studies which employ postnatal or adult porcine models, the expression of DCX can be used as a reliable marker of grafted neurons. In contrast, if grafted neurons are to be analyzed during the first 4 postnatal weeks in the rat spinal cord, additional markers or grafted cell-specific labeling techniques need to be employed to reliably identify grafted early postmitotic neurons and to differentiate the DCX expression from the neurons of the host.
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Doorschodt B, Teubner A, Kobayashi E, Tolba R. Promising future for the transgenic rat in transplantation research. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2014; 28:155-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Montanari S, Wang XH, Yannarelli G, Dayan V, Berger T, Zocche L, Kobayashi E, Viswanathan S, Keating A. Development and characterization of a new inbred transgenic rat strain expressing DsRed monomeric fluorescent protein. Transgenic Res 2014; 23:779-93. [PMID: 25011565 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-014-9814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The inbred rat is a suitable model for studying human disease and because of its larger size is more amenable to complex surgical manipulation than the mouse. While the rodent fulfills many of the criteria for transplantation research, an important requirement is the ability to mark and track donors cells and assess organ viability. However, tracking ability is limited by the availability of transgenic (Tg) rats that express suitable luminescent or fluorescent proteins. Red fluorescent protein cloned from Discosoma coral (DsRed) has several advantages over other fluorescent proteins, including in vivo detection in the whole animal and ex vivo visualization in organs as there is no interference with autofluorescence. We generated and characterized a novel inbred Tg Lewis rat strain expressing DsRed monomeric (DsRed mono) fluorescent protein under the control of a ubiquitously expressed ROSA26 promoter. DsRed mono Tg rats ubiquitously expressed the marker gene as detected by RT-PCR but the protein was expressed at varying levels in different organs. Conventional skin grafting experiments showed acceptance of DsRed monomeric Tg rat skin on wild-type rats for more than 30 days. Cardiac transplantation of DsRed monomeric Tg rat hearts into wild-type recipients further showed graft acceptance and long-term organ viability (>6 months). The DsRed monomeric Tg rat provides marked cells and/or organs that can be followed for long periods without immune rejection and therefore is a suitable model to investigate cell tracking and organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Montanari
- Cell Therapy Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada,
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Atluri P, Miller JS, Emery RJ, Hung G, Trubelja A, Cohen JE, Lloyd K, Han J, Gaffey AC, MacArthur JW, Chen CS, Woo YJ. Tissue-engineered, hydrogel-based endothelial progenitor cell therapy robustly revascularizes ischemic myocardium and preserves ventricular function. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 148:1090-7; discussion 1097-8. [PMID: 25129603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cell-based angiogenic therapy for ischemic heart failure has had limited clinical impact, likely related to low cell retention (<1%) and dispersion. We developed a novel, tissue-engineered, hydrogel-based cell-delivery strategy to overcome these limitations and provide prolonged regional retention of myocardial endothelial progenitor cells at high cell dosage. METHODS Endothelial progenitor cells were isolated from Wistar rats and encapsulated in fibrin gels. In vitro viability was quantified using a fluorescent live-dead stain of transgenic enhanced green fluorescent protein(+) endothelial progenitor cells. Endothelial progenitor cell-laden constructs were implanted onto ischemic rat myocardium in a model of acute myocardial infarction (left anterior descending ligation) for 4 weeks. Intramyocardial cell injection (2 × 10(6) endothelial progenitor cells), empty fibrin, and isolated left anterior descending ligation groups served as controls. Hemodynamics were quantified using echocardiography, Doppler flow analysis, and intraventricular pressure-volume analysis. Vasculogenesis and ventricular geometry were quantified. Endothelial progenitor cell migration was analyzed by using endothelial progenitor cells from transgenic enhanced green fluorescent protein(+) rodents. RESULTS Endothelial progenitor cells demonstrated an overall 88.7% viability for all matrix and cell conditions investigated after 48 hours. Histologic assessment of 1-week implants demonstrated significant migration of transgenic enhanced green fluorescent protein(+) endothelial progenitor cells from the fibrin matrix to the infarcted myocardium compared with intramyocardial cell injection (28 ± 12.3 cells/high power field vs 2.4 ± 2.1 cells/high power field, P = .0001). We also observed a marked increase in vasculogenesis at the implant site. Significant improvements in ventricular hemodynamics and geometry were present after endothelial progenitor cell-hydrogel therapy compared with control. CONCLUSIONS We present a tissue-engineered, hydrogel-based endothelial progenitor cell-mediated therapy to enhance cell delivery, cell retention, vasculogenesis, and preservation of myocardial structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Atluri
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | | | - Robert J Emery
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - George Hung
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Alen Trubelja
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Jeffrey E Cohen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Kelsey Lloyd
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Jason Han
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Ann C Gaffey
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - John W MacArthur
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | | | - Y Joseph Woo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.
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Ninomiya T, Hiraga T, Hosoya A, Ohnuma K, Ito Y, Takahashi M, Ito S, Asashima M, Nakamura H. Enhanced Bone-Forming Activity of Side Population Cells in the Periodontal Ligament. Cell Transplant 2014; 23:691-701. [DOI: 10.3727/096368913x663587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of alveolar bone is critical for the successful treatment of periodontal diseases. The periodontal ligament (PDL) has been widely investigated as a source of cells for the regeneration of periodontal tissues. In the present study where we attempted to develop an effective strategy for alveolar bone regeneration, we examined the osteogenic potential of side population (SP) cells, a stem cell-containing population that has been shown to be highly abundant in several kinds of tissues, in PDL cells. Isolated SP cells from the rat PDL exhibited a superior ability to differentiate into osteoblastic cells compared with non-SP (NSP) and unsorted PDL cells in vitro. The mRNA expressions of osteoblast markers and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2 were significantly upregulated in SP cells and were further increased by osteogenic induction. To examine the bone-forming activity of SP cells in vivo, PDL SP cells isolated from green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transgenic rats were transplanted with hydroxyapatite (HA) disks into wild-type animals. SP cells exhibited a high ability to induce the mineralized matrix compared with NSP and unsorted PDL cells. At 12 weeks after the implantation, some of the pores in the HA disks with SP cells were filled with mineralized matrices, which were positive for bone matrix proteins, such as osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin. Furthermore, osteoblast- and osteocyte-like cells on and in the bone-like mineralized matrices were GFP positive, suggesting that the matrices were directly formed by the transplanted cells. These results suggest that PDL SP cells possess enhanced osteogenic potential and could be a potential source for cell-based regenerative therapy for alveolar bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Ninomiya
- Division of Hard Tissue Research, Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
| | - Toru Hiraga
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hosoya
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ohnuma
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Ito
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering (SCRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takahashi
- Division of Bioimaging Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Susumu Ito
- Division of Instrumental Analysis, Research Center for Human and Environmental Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Makoto Asashima
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering (SCRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakamura
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
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Ivell R, Teerds K, Hoffman GE. Proper application of antibodies for immunohistochemical detection: antibody crimes and how to prevent them. Endocrinology 2014; 155:676-87. [PMID: 24428532 PMCID: PMC3929726 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
For several decades antibodies raised against specific proteins, peptides, or peptide epitopes have proven to be versatile and very powerful tools to demonstrate molecular identity in cells and tissues. New techniques of immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence have improved both the optical resolution of such protein identification as well as its sensitivity, particularly through the use of amplification methodology. However, this improved sensitivity has also increased the risks of false-positive and false-negative staining and thereby raised the necessity for proper and adequate controls. In this review, the authors draw on many years of experience to illuminate many of the more common errors and problematic issues in immunohistochemistry, and how these may be avoided. A key factor in all of this is that techniques need to be properly documented and especially antibodies and procedures must be adequately described. Antibodies are a valuable and shared resource within the scientific community; it is essential therefore that mistakes involving antibodies and their controls are not perpetuated through inadequate reporting in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ivell
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (R.I.), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; School of Molecular and Biomedical Science (R.I.), University of Adelaide, SA5005, Australia; Department of Animal Sciences (K.T.), Wageningen University, 6709 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands; and Department of Biology (G.E.H.), Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland 21251
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Saito T, Tomita K, Haga H, Okumoto K, Ueno Y. Bone marrow cell-based regenerative therapy for liver cirrhosis. World J Methodol 2013; 3(4): 65-69 [PMID: 25237624 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v3.i4.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow cells are capable of differentiation into liver cells. Therefore, transplantation of bone marrow cells has considerable potential as a future therapy for regeneration of damaged liver tissue. Autologous bone marrow infusion therapy has been applied to patients with liver cirrhosis, and improvement of liver function parameters has been demonstrated. In this review, we summarize clinical trials of regenerative therapy using bone marrow cells for advanced liver diseases including cirrhosis, as well as topics pertaining to basic in vitro or in vivo approaches in order to outline the essentials of this novel treatment modality.
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Takaku Y, Murai K, Ukai T, Ito S, Kokubo M, Satoh M, Kobayashi E, Yamato M, Okano T, Takeuchi M, Mochida J, Sato M. In vivo cell tracking by bioluminescence imaging after transplantation of bioengineered cell sheets to the knee joint. Biomaterials 2013; 35:2199-206. [PMID: 24360579 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In our previous studies, we have demonstrated effective regeneration of cartilage through the creation and application of layered cell sheets that combine both chondrocytes and synovial cells. In this study, we were able to demonstrate that cells derived from cell sheets can survive for long periods after transplantation into rat knee joints having osteochondral defects. We established a method for generating cell sheets from firefly luciferase-expressing chondrocytes obtained from transgenic Lewis rats, and carried out allogenic transplantation of these cell sheets into wild-type Lewis rats. We then administered luciferin and monitored the survival of the transplanted cells by using bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Our data showed that the transplanted cells survived and could be detected for more than 21 months, which was longer than expected. Furthermore, the BLI data showed that the transplanted cells remained in the knee joint and did not migrate to other parts of the body, thus confirming the safety of the cell sheets. In this study, we monitored the duration of survival of cell sheets composed of only chondrocytes, only synovial cells, or both chondrocytes and synovial cells, and found that all three types of cell sheets survived for an extended period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Takaku
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Murai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Taku Ukai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Mami Kokubo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Masaaki Satoh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Division of Development of Advanced Treatment, Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamato
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Mamoru Takeuchi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Joji Mochida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Masato Sato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
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Atluri P, Trubelja A, Fairman AS, Hsiao P, MacArthur JW, Cohen JE, Shudo Y, Frederick JR, Woo YJ. Normalization of postinfarct biomechanics using a novel tissue-engineered angiogenic construct. Circulation 2013; 128:S95-104. [PMID: 24030426 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-mediated angiogenic therapy for ischemic heart disease has had disappointing results. The lack of clinical translatability may be secondary to cell death and systemic dispersion with cell injection. We propose a novel tissue-engineered therapy, whereby extracellular matrix scaffold seeded with endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can overcome these limitations using an environment in which the cells can thrive, enabling an insult-free myocardial cell delivery to normalize myocardial biomechanics. METHODS AND RESULTS EPCs were isolated from the long bones of Wistar rat bone marrow. The cells were cultured for 7 days in media or seeded at a density of 5 × 10(6) cells/cm(2) on a collagen/vitronectin matrix. Seeded EPCs underwent ex vivo modification with stromal cell-derived factor-1α (100 ng/mL) to potentiate angiogenic properties and enhance paracrine qualities before construct formation. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal imaging confirmed EPC-matrix adhesion. In vitro vasculogenic potential was assessed by quantifying EPC cell migration and vascular differentiation. There was a marked increase in vasculogenesis in vitro as measured by angiogenesis assay (8 versus 0 vessels/hpf; P=0.004). The construct was then implanted onto ischemic myocardium in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction. Confocal microscopy demonstrated a significant migration of EPCs from the construct to the myocardium, suggesting a direct angiogenic effect. Myocardial biomechanical properties were uniaxially quantified by elastic modulus at 5% to 20% strain. Myocardial elasticity normalized after implant of our tissue-engineered construct (239 kPa versus normal=193, P=0.1; versus infarct=304 kPa, P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate restoration and normalization of post-myocardial infarction ventricular biomechanics after therapy with an angiogenic tissue-engineered EPC construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Atluri
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Teratani T, Kobayashi E. Bioimaging of Transgenic Rats Established at Jichi Medical University: Applications in Transplantation Research. Cell Med 2013; 5:45-51. [PMID: 26858864 DOI: 10.3727/215517913x666549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Research in the life sciences has been greatly advanced by the ability to directly visualize cells, tissues, and organs. Preclinical studies often involve many small and large animal experiments and, frequently, cell and organ transplantations. The rat is an excellent animal model for the development of transplantation and surgical techniques because of its small size and ability to breed in small spaces. Ten years ago, we established color-imaging transgenic rats and methods for the direct visualization of their tissues. Since then, our transgenic rats have been used throughout the various fields that are concerned with cell transplantation therapy. In this minireview, we summarize results from some of the groups that have used our transgenic rats at the bench level and in cell transplantation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Teratani
- Division of Development of Advanced Therapy, Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University , Shimotsukeshi, Tochigi , Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Division of Development of Advanced Therapy, Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University , Shimotsukeshi, Tochigi , Japan
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Sunaga A, Sugawara Y, Katsuragi-Tomioka Y, Kobayashi E. The fate of nonvascularized fat grafts: histological and bioluminescent study. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2013; 1:e40. [PMID: 25289234 DOI: 10.1097/GOX.0b013e3182a7e827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Nonvascularized fat grafting has become one of the most popular options for breast contouring. However, the survival process of the grafts remains to be elucidated. In this study, we tracked the fate of nonvascularized fat grafts with in vivo bioluminescence and immunohistochemistry. Methods: Nonvascularized fat grafts or vascularized adiposal flaps from luciferase transgenic rats were transplanted to Lewis rats. The bioluminescent signals from the grafts were monitored longitudinally. In addition, nonvascularized fat grafts from Lewis rats were engrafted to Lewis rats and the viability of the adipocytes in the grafts was evaluated with immunohistochemical staining for perilipin at postoperative week 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. Results: The bioluminescent signals from the nonvascularized fat grafts increased drastically from postoperative day 3 to 7, stayed flat from day 7 to 12, and declined from day 12 to 17, whereas those from the vascularized fat flaps remained throughout the entire postoperative period. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the survival zones with large adipocytes were decreased within 2 weeks and the regenerating zones with small adipocytes appeared after 3 weeks. Conclusions: Our study showed the process of survival and regeneration of nonvascularized fat grafts and suggested that graft-derived stromal cells proliferated within 7 days after transplantation and differentiated into adipocytes after postoperative week 3.
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Miwa K, Lee JK, Takagishi Y, Opthof T, Fu X, Hirabayashi M, Watabe K, Jimbo Y, Kodama I, Komuro I. Axon guidance of sympathetic neurons to cardiomyocytes by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). PLoS One 2013; 8:e65202. [PMID: 23843937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular signaling of cardiac autonomic innervation is an unresolved issue. Here, we show that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) promotes cardiac sympathetic innervation in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, ventricular myocytes (VMs) and sympathetic neurons (SNs) isolated from neonatal rat ventricles and superior cervical ganglia were cultured at a close distance. Then, morphological and functional coupling between SNs and VMs was assessed in response to GDNF (10 ng/ml) or nerve growth factor (50 ng/ml). As a result, fractions of neurofilament-M-positive axons and synapsin-I-positive area over the surface of VMs were markedly increased with GDNF by 9-fold and 25-fold, respectively, compared to control without neurotrophic factors. Pre- and post-synaptic stimulation of β1-adrenergic receptors (BAR) with nicotine and noradrenaline, respectively, resulted in an increase of the spontaneous beating rate of VMs co-cultured with SNs in the presence of GDNF. GDNF overexpressing VMs by adenovirus vector (AdGDNF-VMs) attracted more axons from SNs compared with mock-transfected VMs. In vivo, axon outgrowth toward the denervated myocardium in adult rat hearts after cryoinjury was also enhanced significantly by adenovirus-mediated GDNF overexpression. GDNF acts as a potent chemoattractant for sympathetic innervation of ventricular myocytes, and is a promising molecular target for regulation of cardiac function in diseased hearts.
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Moriyama Y, Takagi N, Itokawa C, Tanonaka K. Injection of neural progenitor cells attenuates decrease in level of connexin 43 in brain capillaries after cerebral ischemia. Neurosci Lett 2013; 543:152-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tews B, Schönig K, Arzt ME, Clementi S, Rioult-Pedotti MS, Zemmar A, Berger SM, Schneider M, Enkel T, Weinmann O, Kasper H, Schwab ME, Bartsch D. Synthetic microRNA-mediated downregulation of Nogo-A in transgenic rats reveals its role as regulator of synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:6583-8. [PMID: 23576723 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1217665110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have generated a transgenic rat model using RNAi and used it to study the role of the membrane protein Nogo-A in synaptic plasticity and cognition. The membrane protein Nogo-A is expressed in CNS oligodendrocytes and subpopulations of neurons, and it is known to suppress neurite growth and regeneration. The constitutively expressed polymerase II-driven transgene was composed of a microRNA-targeting Nogo-A placed into an intron preceding the coding sequence for EGFP, thus quantitatively labeling cells according to intracellular microRNA expression. The transgenic microRNA in vivo efficiently reduced the concentration of Nogo-A mRNA and protein preferentially in neurons. The resulting significant increase in long-term potentiation in both hippocampus and motor cortex indicates a repressor function of Nogo-A in synaptic plasticity. The transgenic rats exhibited prominent schizophrenia-like behavioral phenotypes, such as perseveration, disrupted prepulse inhibition, and strong withdrawal from social interactions. This fast and efficient microRNA-mediated knockdown provides a way to silence gene expression in vivo in transgenic rats and shows a role of Nogo-A in regulating higher cognitive brain functions.
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Moriyama Y, Takagi N, Hashimura K, Itokawa C, Tanonaka K. Intravenous injection of neural progenitor cells facilitates angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia. Brain Behav 2013; 3:43-53. [PMID: 23532762 PMCID: PMC3607146 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Earlier we demonstrated that the injection of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) has therapeutic potential for the improvement of learning dysfunction after cerebral ischemia. However, it remained to be clarified how transplantation of NPCs can improve ischemia-induced dysfunction. In this study, we examined whether intravenous injection of NPCs after cerebral ischemia could enhance angiogenesis by affecting the expression of angiogenic factors. The injection of NPCs on day 7 after cerebral ischemia enhanced angiogenesis on day 28. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor VEGFR2 were increased in expression by the NPC injection. The level of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), an angiogenic factor, but not that of Ang-2, which acts as an antagonist for the Ang-1 receptor, was also increased on day 28. In addition, the expression of Ang-1 receptor Tie2 was enhanced in brain capillaries. Furthermore, the amounts of tight junctional proteins, which are in the blood-brain barrier and whose expression occurs downstream of Ang-1/Tie2 signaling, were increased by the NPC injection. These results suggest that the NPC injection promoted angiogenesis through Ang-1/Tie2 and/or VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling in brain capillaries after cerebral ischemia. Such signaling might have the potential for causing vascular stabilization and maturation for a long period after cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Moriyama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
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Xue Y, Ouyang K, Huang J, Zhou Y, Ouyang H, Li H, Wang G, Wu Q, Wei C, Bi Y, Jiang L, Cai Z, Sun H, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Chen J, Fu XD. Direct conversion of fibroblasts to neurons by reprogramming PTB-regulated microRNA circuits. Cell 2013; 152:82-96. [PMID: 23313552 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The induction of pluripotency or trans-differentiation of one cell type to another can be accomplished with cell-lineage-specific transcription factors. Here, we report that repression of a single RNA binding polypyrimidine-tract-binding (PTB) protein, which occurs during normal brain development via the action of miR-124, is sufficient to induce trans-differentiation of fibroblasts into functional neurons. Besides its traditional role in regulated splicing, we show that PTB has a previously undocumented function in the regulation of microRNA functions, suppressing or enhancing microRNA targeting by competitive binding on target mRNA or altering local RNA secondary structure. A key event during neuronal induction is the relief of PTB-mediated blockage of microRNA action on multiple components of the REST complex, thereby derepressing a large array of neuronal genes, including miR-124 and multiple neuronal-specific transcription factors, in nonneuronal cells. This converts a negative feedback loop to a positive one to elicit cellular reprogramming to the neuronal lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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Tsuji N, Yamashita S, Sugawara Y, Kobayashi E. Effect of prolonged ischaemic time on muscular atrophy and regenerating nerve fibres in transplantation of the rat hind limb. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2013; 46:217-21. [PMID: 22909239 PMCID: PMC3529152 DOI: 10.3109/2000656x.2012.709726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to test the influence of cold ischaemia on replanted limbs, focusing on muscular atrophy and neurological recovery. Inbred wild-type and green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic (Tg) Lewis rats aged 8–10 weeks were used. The amputated limbs were transplanted at several cold ischaemic times (0, 1, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours). An arterial ischaemic model and a denervation model were used as controls. To study nerve regeneration, a GFP limb was transplanted on to the syngenic wild Lewis rat. These animals were evaluated histologically, electrophysiologically, and immunohistochemically. The longer the ischaemic time, the more evident was atrophy of the muscles. Electrophysiological investigation showed that the latency at 3 weeks was longer in the transplantation models than in the normal controls, particularly in the longer ischaemia group. Larger numbers of migrating Schwann cells were seen in the group with no delay than in the group that had been preserved for 12 hours. Ischaemia after amputation of a limb causes muscle cells to necrose and atrophy, and these changes worsen in proportion to the ischaemic preservation time. A delay in nerve regeneration and incomplete paralysis caused by malregeneration also affect muscular atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Tsuji
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Ozdemir M, Attar A, Kuzu I, Ayten M, Ozgencil E, Bozkurt M, Dalva K, Uckan D, Kılıc E, Sancak T, Kanpolat Y, Beksac M. Stem cell therapy in spinal cord injury: in vivo and postmortem tracking of bone marrow mononuclear or mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2012; 8:953-62. [PMID: 22552878 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-012-9376-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to address the question of whether bone marrow-originated mononuclear cells (MNC) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) induce neural regeneration when implanted intraspinally. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study design included 4 groups of mice: Group 1, non-traumatized control group; Groups 2, 3 and 4 spinal cord traumatized mice with 1 g force Tator clips, which received intralesionally either no cellular implants (Group 2), luciferase (Luc) (+) MNC (Group 3) or MSC (Group 4) obtained from CMV-Luc or beta-actin Luc donor transgenic mice. Following the surgery until decapitation, periodical radioluminescence imaging (RLI) and Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) evaluations was performed to monitor neural activity. Postmortem immunohistochemical techniques were used to analyze the fate of donor type implanted cells. RESULTS All mice of Groups 3 and 4 showed various degrees of improvement in the BMS scores, whereas there was no change in Groups 1 and 2. The functional improvement was significantly better in Group 4 compared to Group 3 (18 vs 8, p=0.002). The immunohistochemical staining demonstrated GFP(+)Luc(+) neuronal/glial cells that were also positive with one or more of these markers: nestin, myelin associated glycoprotein, microtubule associated protein or myelin oligodendrocyte specific protein, which is considered as indicator of donor type neuronal regeneration. Frequency of donor type neuronal cells; Luc + signals and median BMS scores were observed 48-64% and 68-72%; 44-80%; 8 and 18 within Groups III and IV respectively. DISCUSSION MSCs were more effective than MNC in obtaining neuronal recovery. Substantial but incomplete functional improvement was associated with donor type in vivo imaging signals more frequently than the number of neuronal cells expressing donor markers in spinal cord sections in vitro. Our results are in favor of functional recovery arising from both donor MSC and MNCs, contributing to direct neuronal regeneration and additional indirect mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mevci Ozdemir
- School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Pamukkale University, 20070, Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey.
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Rahbarghazi R, Nassiri SM, Khazraiinia P, Kajbafzadeh AM, Ahmadi SH, Mohammadi E, Molazem M, Zamani-Ahmadmahmudi M. Juxtacrine and paracrine interactions of rat marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, muscle-derived satellite cells, and neonatal cardiomyocytes with endothelial cells in angiogenesis dynamics. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 22:855-65. [PMID: 23072248 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Research into angiogenesis has contributed to progress in the fast-moving field of regenerative medicine. Designing coculture systems is deemed a helpful method to understand the dynamic interaction of various cells involved in the angiogenesis process. We investigated the juxtacrine and paracrine interaction between 3 different cells, namely rat marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), rat muscle-derived satellite cells (rSCs), and rat neonatal cardiomyocytes (rCMs), and endothelial cells (ECs) during angiogenesis process. In vitro Matrigel angiogenesis assay was performed whereby ECs were monocultured or cocultured with rMSCs, rSCs, and rCMs or their conditioned media (CM). In addition, in vivo Matrigel plug assay for angiogenesis was conducted to assess the angiogenic potential of the rCM-, rMSC-, and rSC-derived CM. Our results demonstrated that the rMSCs, rSCs, and rCMs elongated along the EC tubules, whereas the rMSCs formed tube-like structures with sprouting tip cells, leading to improved angiogenesis in the coculture system. Moreover, the rMSC- and rSC-derived CM significantly improved angiogenesis tube formation on Matrigel, accelerated EC chemotaxis, and increased the arteriolar density, vascularization index, and vascularization flow index in the Matrigel plug in vivo. Western blotting showed that rMSCs secreted a high level of vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and stromal-derived factor-1-alpha. Tie2 is also shed from rMSCs. This study demonstrated that stem cells interact with ECs in the juxtacrine and paracrine manner during angiogenesis, and marrow MSCs have superior angiogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Sawada H, Sheng HM, Hakamata Y, Esaki M, Kita A, Yoshida T, Kobayashi E. Contribution of subcutaneous connective tissues to the epithelialization and cyst formation by the skin transplanted subcutaneously. Organogenesis 2012; 1:55-9. [PMID: 19521562 DOI: 10.4161/org.1.2.1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2004] [Accepted: 10/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skins and hollow organs have been shown to form epithelialized cysts when transplanted into subcutaneous tissue of a recipient animal, expanding their surface areas. This system seems to offer a good potential for regenerating organs. We investigated the functional and structural contribution of epithelia and connective tissue compartments in this regeneration system with two experimental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Sawada
- Department of Anatomy and Department of Plastic Surgery; Yokohama City University School of Medicine; Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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