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Møller TC, Moo EV, Inoue A, Pedersen MF, Bräuner-Osborne H. Characterization of the real-time internalization of nine GPCRs reveals distinct dependence on arrestins and G proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2024; 1871:119584. [PMID: 37714305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are seven transmembrane receptors that respond to external stimuli and undergo conformational changes to activate G proteins and modulate cellular processes leading to biological outcomes. To prevent overstimulation and prolonged exposure to stimuli, GPCRs are regulated by internalization. While the canonical GPCR internalization mechanism in mammalian cells is arrestin-dependent, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, more diverse GPCR internalization mechanisms have been described over the years. However, there is a lack of consistent methods used in the literature making it complicated to determine a receptor's internalization pathway. Here, we utilized a highly efficient time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) internalization assay to determine the internalization profile of nine distinct GPCRs representing the GPCR classes A, B and C and with different G protein coupling profiles. This technique, coupled with clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) engineered knockout cells allows us to effectively study the involvement of heterotrimeric G proteins and non-visual arrestins. We found that all the nine receptors internalized upon agonist stimulation in a concentration-dependent manner and six receptors showed basal internalization. Yet, there is no correlation between the receptor class and primary G protein coupling to the arrestin and G protein dependence for GPCR internalization. Overall, this study presents a platform for studying internalization that is applicable to most GPCRs and may even be extended to other membrane proteins. This method can be easily applicable to other endocytic machinery of interest and ultimately will lend itself towards the construction of comprehensive receptor internalization profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thor C Møller
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ee Von Moo
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Mie F Pedersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Choi SH, Byambaragchaa M, Kim DJ, Lee JH, Kang MH, Min KS. Specific Signal Transduction of Constitutively Activating (D576G) and Inactivating (R476H) Mutants of Agonist-Stimulated Luteinizing Hormone Receptor in Eel. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119133. [PMID: 37298083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the mechanism of signal transduction using inactivating (R476H) and activating (D576G) mutants of luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) of eel at the conserved regions of intracellular loops II and III, respectively, naturally occurring in mammalian LHR. The expression of D576G and R476H mutants was approximately 58% and 59%, respectively, on the cell surface compared to those of eel LHR-wild type (wt). In eel LHR-wt, cAMP production increased upon agonist stimulation. Cells expressing eel LHR-D576G, a highly conserved aspartic acid residue, exhibited a 5.8-fold increase in basal cAMP response; however, the maximal cAMP response by high-agonist stimulation was approximately 0.62-fold. Mutation of a highly conserved arginine residue in the second intracellular loop of eel LHR (LHR-R476H) completely impaired the cAMP response. The rate of loss in cell-surface expression of eel LHR-wt and D576G mutant was similar to the agonist recombinant (rec)-eel LH after 30 min. However, the mutants presented rates of loss higher than eel LHR-wt did upon rec-eCG treatment. Therefore, the activating mutant constitutively induced cAMP signaling. The inactivating mutation resulted in the loss of LHR expression on the cell surface and no cAMP signaling. These data provide valuable information regarding the structure-function relationship of LHR-LH complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hee Choi
- Animal BioScience, School of Animal Life Convergence, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Jung Kim
- Aquaculture Industry Division, South Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Yeosu 59780, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hwa Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Sik Min
- Animal BioScience, School of Animal Life Convergence, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Republic of Korea
- Carbon-Neutral Resources Research Center, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Republic of Korea
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3
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High P, Carmon KS. G protein-coupled receptor-targeting antibody-drug conjugates: Current status and future directions. Cancer Lett 2023; 564:216191. [PMID: 37100113 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as promising anti-cancer therapeutic agents with several having already received market approval for the treatment of solid tumor and hematological malignancies. As ADC technology continues to improve and the range of indications treatable by ADCs increases, the repertoire of target antigens has expanded and will undoubtedly continue to grow. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are well-characterized therapeutic targets implicated in many human pathologies, including cancer, and represent a promising emerging target of ADCs. In this review, we will discuss the past and present therapeutic targeting of GPCRs and describe ADCs as therapeutic modalities. Moreover, we will summarize the status of existing preclinical and clinical GPCR-targeted ADCs and address the potential of GPCRs as novel targets for future ADC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton High
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kendra S Carmon
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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4
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Pallareti L, Rath TF, Trapkov B, Tsonkov T, Nielsen AT, Harpsøe K, Gentry PR, Bräuner-Osborne H, Gloriam DE, Foster SR. Pharmacological characterization of novel small molecule agonists and antagonists for the orphan receptor GPR139. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 943:175553. [PMID: 36736525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR139 is predominantly expressed in the central nervous system and has attracted considerable interest as a therapeutic target. However, the biological role of this receptor remains somewhat elusive, in part due to the lack of quality pharmacological tools to investigate GPR139 function. In an effort to understand GPR139 signaling and to identify improved compounds, in this study we performed virtual screening and analog searches, in combination with multiple pharmacological assays. We characterized GPR139-dependent signaling using previously published reference agonists in Ca2+ mobilization and inositol monophosphate accumulation assays, as well as a novel real-time GPR139 internalization assay. For the four reference agonists tested, the rank order of potency was conserved across signaling and internalization assays: JNJ-63533054 > Compound 1a » Takeda > AC4 > DL43, consistent with previously reported values. We noted an increased efficacy of JNJ-63533054-mediated inositol monophosphate signaling and internalization, relative to Compound 1a. We then performed virtual screening for GPR139 agonist and antagonist compounds that were screened and validated in GPR139 functional assays. We identified four GPR139 agonists that were active in all assays, with similar or reduced potency relative to known compounds. Likewise, compound analogs selected based on GPR139 agonist and antagonist substructure searches behaved similarly to their parent compounds. Thus, we have characterized GPR139 signaling for multiple new ligands using G protein-dependent assays and a new real-time internalization assay. These data add to the GPR139 tool compound repertoire, which could be optimized in future medical chemistry campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Pallareti
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine F Rath
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Boris Trapkov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tsonko Tsonkov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Thorup Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Harpsøe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick R Gentry
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David E Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Simon R Foster
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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5
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Franchini L, Orlandi C. Probing the orphan receptors: Tools and directions. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2023; 195:47-76. [PMID: 36707155 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The endogenous ligands activating a large fraction of the G Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) family members have yet to be identified. These receptors are commonly labeled as orphans (oGPCRs), and because of the absence of available pharmacological tools they are currently understudied. Nonetheless, genome wide association studies, together with research using animal models identified many physiological functions regulated by oGPCRs. Similarly, mutations in some oGPCRs have been associated with rare genetic disorders or with an increased risk of developing pathologies. The once underestimated pharmacological potential of targeting oGPCRs is increasingly being exploited by the development of novel tools to understand their biology and by drug discovery endeavors aimed at identifying new modulators of their activity. Here, we summarize recent advancements in the field of oGPCRs and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Franchini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Cesare Orlandi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States.
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6
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Merino-Casallo F, Gomez-Benito MJ, Hervas-Raluy S, Garcia-Aznar JM. Unravelling cell migration: defining movement from the cell surface. Cell Adh Migr 2022; 16:25-64. [PMID: 35499121 PMCID: PMC9067518 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2022.2055520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell motility is essential for life and development. Unfortunately, cell migration is also linked to several pathological processes, such as cancer metastasis. Cells' ability to migrate relies on many actors. Cells change their migratory strategy based on their phenotype and the properties of the surrounding microenvironment. Cell migration is, therefore, an extremely complex phenomenon. Researchers have investigated cell motility for more than a century. Recent discoveries have uncovered some of the mysteries associated with the mechanisms involved in cell migration, such as intracellular signaling and cell mechanics. These findings involve different players, including transmembrane receptors, adhesive complexes, cytoskeletal components , the nucleus, and the extracellular matrix. This review aims to give a global overview of our current understanding of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Merino-Casallo
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering (M2BE), Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Gomez-Benito
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering (M2BE), Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Hervas-Raluy
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering (M2BE), Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Garcia-Aznar
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering (M2BE), Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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7
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Radoi V, Jakobsson G, Palada V, Nikosjkov A, Druid H, Terenius L, Kosek E, Vukojević V. Non-Peptide Opioids Differ in Effects on Mu-Opioid (MOP) and Serotonin 1A (5-HT(1A)) Receptors Heterodimerization and Cellular Effectors (Ca(2+), ERK1/2 and p38) Activation. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 35408749 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the dynamic interplay between the opioid and the serotonin neuromodulatory systems in chronic pain is well recognized. In this study, we investigated whether these two signalling pathways can be integrated at the single-cell level via direct interactions between the mu-opioid (MOP) and the serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptors. Using fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS), a quantitative method with single-molecule sensitivity, we characterized in live cells MOP and 5-HT1A interactions and the effects of prolonged (18 h) exposure to selected non-peptide opioids: morphine, codeine, oxycodone and fentanyl, on the extent of these interactions. The results indicate that in the plasma membrane, MOP and 5-HT1A receptors form heterodimers that are characterized with an apparent dissociation constant Kdapp = (440 ± 70) nM). Prolonged exposure to all non-peptide opioids tested facilitated MOP and 5-HT1A heterodimerization and stabilized the heterodimer complexes, albeit to a different extent: Kd, Fentanylapp = (80 ± 70) nM), Kd,Morphineapp = (200 ± 70) nM, Kd, Codeineapp = (100 ± 70) nM and Kd, Oxycodoneapp = (200 ± 70) nM. The non-peptide opioids differed also in the extent to which they affected the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) p38 and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk1/2), with morphine, codeine and fentanyl activating both pathways, whereas oxycodone activated p38 but not ERK1/2. Acute stimulation with different non-peptide opioids differently affected the intracellular Ca2+ levels and signalling dynamics. Hypothetically, targeting MOP−5-HT1A heterodimer formation could become a new strategy to counteract opioid induced hyperalgesia and help to preserve the analgesic effects of opioids in chronic pain.
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Min K, Byambaragchaa M, Choi S, Joo H, Kim S, Kim Y, Park G. Activating and inactivating mutations of the human, rat, equine and eel luteinizing hormone/ chorionic gonadotropin receptors (LH/CGRs). J Anim Reprod Biotechnol 2021; 36:167-74. [DOI: 10.12750/jarb.36.4.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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9
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Byambaragchaa M, Choi SH, Kim DW, Min KS. Cell-Surface Loss of Constitutive Activating and Inactivating Mutants of Eel Luteinizing Hormone Receptors. Dev Reprod 2021; 25:225-234. [PMID: 35141448 PMCID: PMC8807125 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2021.25.4.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of cell surface receptor loss by two constitutively activating mutants (designated L469R, and D590Y) and two inactivating mutants (D417N and Y558F) of the luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) in the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica, known to naturally occur in human LHR transmembrane domains. We investigated cell surface receptor loss using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in HEK 293 cells. The expression level of wild-type eel LHR was considered to be 100%, and the expression levels of L469R and D417N were 97% and 101%, respectively, whereas the expression levels of D590Y and Y558F slightly increased to approximately 110% and 106%, respectively. The constitutively activating mutants L469R and D590Y exhibited a decrease in cell surface loss in a manner similar to that of wild-type eel LHR. The rates of loss of cell surface agonist-receptor complexes were observed to be very rapid (2.6-6.2 min) in both the wild-type eel LHR and activating mutants. However, cell surface receptor loss in the cells expressing inactivating mutants D417N and Y558F was slightly observed in the cells expressing inactivating mutants D417N and Y558F, despite treatment with a high concentration of agonist. These results provide important information on LHR function in fish and the regulation of mutations of highly conserved amino acids in glycoprotein hormone receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seung-Hee Choi
- School of Animal Life Convergence Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
| | - Kwan-Sik Min
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea.,School of Animal Life Convergence Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
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10
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Kizilkaya HS, Sørensen KV, Kibsgaard CJ, Gasbjerg LS, Hauser AS, Sparre-Ulrich AH, Grarup N, Rosenkilde MM. Loss of Function Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Receptor Variants Are Associated With Alterations in BMI, Bone Strength and Cardiovascular Outcomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:749607. [PMID: 34760890 PMCID: PMC8573201 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.749607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and its receptor (GIPR) are involved in multiple physiological systems related to glucose metabolism, bone homeostasis and fat deposition. Recent research has surprisingly indicated that both agonists and antagonists of GIPR may be useful in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes, as both result in weight loss when combined with GLP-1 receptor activation. To understand the receptor signaling related with weight loss, we examined the pharmacological properties of two rare missense GIPR variants, R190Q (rs139215588) and E288G (rs143430880) linked to lower body mass index (BMI) in carriers. At the molecular and cellular level, both variants displayed reduced G protein coupling, impaired arrestin recruitment and internalization, despite maintained high GIP affinity. The physiological phenotyping revealed an overall impaired bone strength, increased systolic blood pressure, altered lipid profile, altered fat distribution combined with increased body impedance in human carriers, thereby substantiating the role of GIP in these physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüsün Sheyma Kizilkaya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kimmie Vestergaard Sørensen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla J Kibsgaard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laerke Smidt Gasbjerg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander S Hauser
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Hovard Sparre-Ulrich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Antag Therapeutics ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Byambaragchaa M, Seong HK, Choi SH, Kim DJ, Kang MH, Min KS. Constitutively Activating Mutants of Equine LH/CGR Constitutively Induce Signal Transduction and Inactivating Mutations Impair Biological Activity and Cell-Surface Receptor Loss In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910723. [PMID: 34639064 PMCID: PMC8509413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The signal transduction of the equine lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor (eLH/CGR) is unclear in naturally occurring activating/inactivating mutants of this receptor, which plays an important role in reproductive physiology. We undertook the present study to determine whether conserved structurally related mutations in eLH/CGR exhibit similar mechanisms of signal transduction. We constructed four constitutively activating mutants (M398T, L457R, D564G, and D578Y) and three inactivating mutants (D405N, R464H, and Y546F); measured cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation via homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence assays in Chinese hamster ovary cells; and investigated cell-surface receptor loss using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. The eLH/CGR-L457R-, -D564G-, and -D578Y-expressing cells exhibited 16.9-, 16.4-, and 11.2-fold increases in basal cAMP response, respectively. The eLH/CGR-D405N- and R464H-expressing cells presented a completely impaired signal transduction, whereas the Y546F-expressing cells exhibited a small increase in cAMP response. The cell-surface receptor loss was 1.4- to 2.4-fold greater in the activating-mutant-expressing cells than in wild-type eLH/CGR-expressing cells, but was completely impaired in the D405N- and Y546F-expressing cells, despite treatment with a high concentration of agonist. In summary, the state of activation of eLH/CGR influenced agonist-induced cell-surface receptor loss, which was directly related to the signal transduction of constitutively activating mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhzaya Byambaragchaa
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea; (M.B.); (H.-K.S.)
| | - Hoon-Ki Seong
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea; (M.B.); (H.-K.S.)
| | - Seung-Hee Choi
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea;
| | - Dae-Jung Kim
- Jeju Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Jeju 63610, Korea;
| | - Myung-Hwa Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea;
| | - Kwan-Sik Min
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea; (M.B.); (H.-K.S.)
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-670-5421; Fax: +82-31-670-5417
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12
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Jørgensen AS, Daugvilaite V, De Filippo K, Berg C, Mavri M, Benned-Jensen T, Juzenaite G, Hjortø G, Rankin S, Våbenø J, Rosenkilde MM. Biased action of the CXCR4-targeting drug plerixafor is essential for its superior hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. Commun Biol 2021; 4:569. [PMID: 33980979 PMCID: PMC8115334 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the FDA-approval of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilizer plerixafor, orally available and potent CXCR4 antagonists were pursued. One such proposition was AMD11070, which was orally active and had superior antagonism in vitro; however, it did not appear as effective for HSC mobilization in vivo. Here we show that while AMD11070 acts as a full antagonist, plerixafor acts biased by stimulating β-arrestin recruitment while fully antagonizing G protein. Consequently, while AMD11070 prevents the constitutive receptor internalization, plerixafor allows it and thereby decreases receptor expression. These findings are confirmed by the successful transfer of both ligands' binding sites and action to the related CXCR3 receptor. In vivo, plerixafor exhibits superior HSC mobilization associated with a dramatic reversal of the CXCL12 gradient across the bone marrow endothelium, which is not seen for AMD11070. We propose that the biased action of plerixafor is central for its superior therapeutic effect in HSC mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid S Jørgensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Viktorija Daugvilaite
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katia De Filippo
- Department of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Berg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Unit for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Masa Mavri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tau Benned-Jensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Goda Juzenaite
- Department of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gertrud Hjortø
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Rankin
- Department of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Våbenø
- Helgeland Hospital Trust, Sandnessjøen, Norway.
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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13
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Gonçalves-Monteiro S, Ribeiro-Oliveira R, Vieira-Rocha MS, Vojtek M, Sousa JB, Diniz C. Insights into Nuclear G-Protein-Coupled Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in Non-Communicable Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:439. [PMID: 34066915 PMCID: PMC8148550 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise a large protein superfamily divided into six classes, rhodopsin-like (A), secretin receptor family (B), metabotropic glutamate (C), fungal mating pheromone receptors (D), cyclic AMP receptors (E) and frizzled (F). Until recently, GPCRs signaling was thought to emanate exclusively from the plasma membrane as a response to extracellular stimuli but several studies have challenged this view demonstrating that GPCRs can be present in intracellular localizations, including in the nuclei. A renewed interest in GPCR receptors' superfamily emerged and intensive research occurred over recent decades, particularly regarding class A GPCRs, but some class B and C have also been explored. Nuclear GPCRs proved to be functional and capable of triggering identical and/or distinct signaling pathways associated with their counterparts on the cell surface bringing new insights into the relevance of nuclear GPCRs and highlighting the nucleus as an autonomous signaling organelle (triggered by GPCRs). Nuclear GPCRs are involved in physiological (namely cell proliferation, transcription, angiogenesis and survival) and disease processes (cancer, cardiovascular diseases, etc.). In this review we summarize emerging evidence on nuclear GPCRs expression/function (with some nuclear GPCRs evidencing atypical/disruptive signaling pathways) in non-communicable disease, thus, bringing nuclear GPCRs as targets to the forefront of debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Gonçalves-Monteiro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.G.-M.); (R.R.-O.); (M.S.V.-R.); (M.V.)
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Ribeiro-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.G.-M.); (R.R.-O.); (M.S.V.-R.); (M.V.)
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Sofia Vieira-Rocha
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.G.-M.); (R.R.-O.); (M.S.V.-R.); (M.V.)
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Martin Vojtek
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.G.-M.); (R.R.-O.); (M.S.V.-R.); (M.V.)
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana B. Sousa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.G.-M.); (R.R.-O.); (M.S.V.-R.); (M.V.)
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Diniz
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.G.-M.); (R.R.-O.); (M.S.V.-R.); (M.V.)
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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14
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Arsova A, Møller TC, Hellyer SD, Vedel L, Foster SR, Hansen JL, Bräuner-Osborne H, Gregory KJ. Positive Allosteric Modulators of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 as Tool Compounds to Study Signaling Bias. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 99:328-341. [PMID: 33602724 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 (mGlu5) receptor has emerged as a potential new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of schizophrenia and cognitive impairments. However, positive allosteric modulator (PAM) agonist activity has been associated with adverse side effects, and neurotoxicity has also been observed for pure PAMs. The structural and pharmacological basis of therapeutic versus adverse mGlu5 PAM in vivo effects remains unknown. Thus, gaining insights into the signaling fingerprints, as well as the binding kinetics of structurally diverse mGlu5 PAMs, may help in the rational design of compounds with desired properties. We assessed the binding and signaling profiles of N-methyl-5-(phenylethynyl)pyrimidin-2-amine (MPPA), 3-cyano-N-(2,5-diphenylpyrazol-3-yl)benzamide (CDPPB), and 1-[4-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-(4-pyridylmethoxy)ethenone [compound 2c, a close analog of 1-(4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(pyridin-4-ylmethoxy)ethanone] in human embryonic kidney 293A cells stably expressing mGlu5 using Ca2+ mobilization, inositol monophosphate (IP1) accumulation, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, and receptor internalization assays. Of the three allosteric ligands, only CDPPB had intrinsic agonist efficacy, and it also had the longest receptor residence time and highest affinity. MPPA was a biased PAM, showing higher positive cooperativity with orthosteric agonists in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and Ca2+ mobilization over IP1 accumulation and receptor internalization. In primary cortical neurons, all three PAMs showed stronger positive cooperativity with (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) in Ca2+ mobilization over IP1 accumulation. Our characterization of three structurally diverse mGlu5 PAMs provides further molecular pharmacological insights and presents the first assessment of PAM-mediated mGlu5 internalization. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Enhancing metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5) activity is a promising strategy to treat cognitive and positive symptoms in schizophrenia. It is increasingly evident that positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of mGlu5 are not all equal in preclinical models; there remains a need to better understand the molecular pharmacological properties of mGlu5 PAMs. This study reports detailed characterization of the binding and functional pharmacological properties of mGlu5 PAMs and is the first study of the effects of mGlu5 PAMs on receptor internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Arsova
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Thor C Møller
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Shane D Hellyer
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Line Vedel
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Simon R Foster
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Jakob L Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Karen J Gregory
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
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15
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Moo EV, van Senten JR, Bräuner-Osborne H, Møller TC. Arrestin-Dependent and -Independent Internalization of G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Methods, Mechanisms, and Implications on Cell Signaling. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 99:242-255. [PMID: 33472843 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Agonist-induced endocytosis is a key regulatory mechanism for controlling the responsiveness of the cell by changing the density of cell surface receptors. In addition to the role of endocytosis in signal termination, endocytosed G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been found to signal from intracellular compartments of the cell. Arrestins are generally believed to be the master regulators of GPCR endocytosis by binding to both phosphorylated receptors and adaptor protein 2 (AP-2) or clathrin, thus recruiting receptors to clathrin-coated pits to facilitate the internalization process. However, many other functions have been described for arrestins that do not relate to their role in terminating signaling. Additionally, there are now more than 30 examples of GPCRs that internalize independently of arrestins. Here we review the methods, pharmacological tools, and cellular backgrounds used to determine the role of arrestins in receptor internalization, highlighting their advantages and caveats. We also summarize key examples of arrestin-independent GPCR endocytosis in the literature and their suggested alternative endocytosis pathway (e.g., the caveolae-dependent and fast endophilin-mediated endocytosis pathways). Finally, we consider the possible function of arrestins recruited to GPCRs that are endocytosed independently of arrestins, including the catalytic arrestin activation paradigm. Technological improvements in recent years have advanced the field further, and, combined with the important implications of endocytosis on drug responses, this makes endocytosis an obvious parameter to include in molecular pharmacological characterization of ligand-GPCR interactions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) endocytosis is an important means to terminate receptor signaling, and arrestins play a central role in the widely accepted classical paradigm of GPCR endocytosis. In contrast to the canonical arrestin-mediated internalization, an increasing number of GPCRs are found to be endocytosed via alternate pathways, and the process appears more diverse than the previously defined "one pathway fits all."
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Von Moo
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey R van Senten
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thor C Møller
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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van der Velden WJC, Smit FX, Christiansen CB, Møller TC, Hjortø GM, Larsen O, Schiellerup SP, Bräuner-Osborne H, Holst JJ, Hartmann B, Frimurer TM, Rosenkilde MM. GLP-1 Val8: A Biased GLP-1R Agonist with Altered Binding Kinetics and Impaired Release of Pancreatic Hormones in Rats. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:296-313. [PMID: 33615180 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Biased ligands that selectively confer activity in one pathway over another are pharmacologically important because biased signaling may reduce on-target side effects and improve drug efficacy. Here, we describe an N-terminal modification in the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) that alters the signaling capabilities of the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) by making it G protein biased over internalization but was originally designed to confer DPP-4 resistance and thereby prolong the half-life of GLP-1. Despite similar binding affinity, cAMP production, and calcium mobilization, substitution of a single amino acid (Ala8 to Val8) in the N-terminus of GLP-1(7-36)NH2 (GLP-1 Val8) severely impaired its ability to internalize GLP-1R compared to endogenous GLP-1. In-depth binding kinetics analyses revealed shorter residence time for GLP-1 Val8 as well as a slower observed association rate. Molecular dynamics (MD) displayed weaker and less interactions of GLP-1 Val8 with GLP-1R, as well as distinct conformational changes in the receptor compared to GLP-1. In vitro validation of the MD, by receptor alanine substitutions, confirmed stronger impairments of GLP-1 Val8-mediated signaling compared to GLP-1. In a perfused rat pancreas, acute stimulation with GLP-1 Val8 resulted in a lower insulin and somatostatin secretion compared to GLP-1. Our study illustrates that profound differences in molecular pharmacological properties, which are essential for the therapeutic targeting of the GLP-1 system, can be induced by subtle changes in the N-terminus of GLP-1. This information could facilitate the development of optimized GLP-1R agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wijnand J C van der Velden
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Florent X Smit
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Charlotte B Christiansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Thor C Møller
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Gertrud M Hjortø
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Olav Larsen
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Sine P Schiellerup
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Thomas M Frimurer
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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17
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Mavri M, Spiess K, Rosenkilde MM, Rutland CS, Vrecl M, Kubale V. Methods for Studying Endocytotic Pathways of Herpesvirus Encoded G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Molecules 2020; 25:E5710. [PMID: 33287269 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis is a fundamental process involved in trafficking of various extracellular and transmembrane molecules from the cell surface to its interior. This enables cells to communicate and respond to external environments, maintain cellular homeostasis, and transduce signals. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute a family of receptors with seven transmembrane alpha-helical domains (7TM receptors) expressed at the cell surface, where they regulate physiological and pathological cellular processes. Several herpesviruses encode receptors (vGPCRs) which benefits the virus by avoiding host immune surveillance, supporting viral dissemination, and thereby establishing widespread and lifelong infection, processes where receptor signaling and/or endocytosis seem central. vGPCRs are rising as potential drug targets as exemplified by the cytomegalovirus-encoded receptor US28, where its constitutive internalization has been exploited for selective drug delivery in virus infected cells. Therefore, studying GPCR trafficking is of great importance. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of endocytic and cell localization properties of vGPCRs and methodological approaches used for studying receptor internalization. Using such novel approaches, we show constitutive internalization of the BILF1 receptor from human and porcine γ-1 herpesviruses and present motifs from the eukaryotic linear motif (ELM) resources with importance for vGPCR endocytosis.
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18
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Byambaragchaa M, Kim JS, Park HK, Kim DJ, Hong SM, Kang MH, Min KS. Constitutive Activation and Inactivation of Mutations Inducing Cell Surface Loss of Receptor and Impairing of Signal Transduction of Agonist-Stimulated Eel Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7075. [PMID: 32992880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the signal transduction of mutants of the eel follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (eelFSHR). Specifically, we examined the constitutively activating mutant D540G in the third intracellular loop, and four inactivating mutants (A193V, N195I, R546C, and A548V). To directly assess functional effects, we conducted site-directed mutagenesis to generate mutant receptors. We measured cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation via homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence assays in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells and investigated cell surface receptor loss using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. The cells expressing eelFSHR-D540G exhibited a 23-fold increase in the basal cAMP response without agonist treatment. The cells expressing A193V, N195I, and A548V mutants had completely impaired signal transduction, whereas those expressing the R546C mutant exhibited little increase in cAMP responsiveness and a small increase in signal transduction. Cell surface receptor loss in the cells expressing inactivating mutants A193V, R546C, and A548V was clearly slower than in the cell expressing the wild-type eelFSHR. However, cell surface receptor loss in the cells expressing inactivating mutant N195I decreased in a similar manner to that of the cells expressing the wild-type eelFSHR or the activating mutant D540G, despite the completely impaired cAMP response. These results provide important information regarding the structure–function relationships of G protein-coupled receptors during signal transduction.
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19
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Rukavina Mikusic NL, Silva MG, Pineda AM, Gironacci MM. Angiotensin Receptors Heterodimerization and Trafficking: How Much Do They Influence Their Biological Function? Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1179. [PMID: 32848782 PMCID: PMC7417933 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are targets for around one third of currently approved and clinical prescribed drugs and represent the largest and most structurally diverse family of transmembrane signaling proteins, with almost 1000 members identified in the human genome. Upon agonist stimulation, GPCRs are internalized and trafficked inside the cell: they may be targeted to different organelles, recycled back to the plasma membrane or be degraded. Once inside the cell, the receptors may initiate other signaling pathways leading to different biological responses. GPCRs’ biological function may also be influenced by interaction with other receptors. Thus, the ultimate cellular response may depend not only on the activation of the receptor from the cell membrane, but also from receptor trafficking and/or the interaction with other receptors. This review is focused on angiotensin receptors and how their biological function is influenced by trafficking and interaction with others receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L Rukavina Mikusic
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Dpto. Química Biológica, IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauro G Silva
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Dpto. Química Biológica, IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Angélica M Pineda
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Dpto. Química Biológica, IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela M Gironacci
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Dpto. Química Biológica, IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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Foster SR, Hauser AS, Vedel L, Strachan RT, Huang XP, Gavin AC, Shah SD, Nayak AP, Haugaard-Kedström LM, Penn RB, Roth BL, Bräuner-Osborne H, Gloriam DE. Discovery of Human Signaling Systems: Pairing Peptides to G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Cell 2020; 179:895-908.e21. [PMID: 31675498 PMCID: PMC6838683 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The peptidergic system is the most abundant network of ligand-receptor-mediated signaling in humans. However, the physiological roles remain elusive for numerous peptides and more than 100 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Here we report the pairing of cognate peptides and receptors. Integrating comparative genomics across 313 species and bioinformatics on all protein sequences and structures of human class A GPCRs, we identify universal characteristics that uncover additional potential peptidergic signaling systems. Using three orthogonal biochemical assays, we pair 17 proposed endogenous ligands with five orphan GPCRs that are associated with diseases, including genetic, neoplastic, nervous and reproductive system disorders. We also identify additional peptides for nine receptors with recognized ligands and pathophysiological roles. This integrated computational and multifaceted experimental approach expands the peptide-GPCR network and opens the way for studies to elucidate the roles of these signaling systems in human physiology and disease. Video Abstract
Universal characteristics enabled prediction of peptide ligands and receptors Multifaceted screening enabled detection of pathway- and assay-dependent responses Peptide ligands discovered for BB3, GPR1, GPR15, GPR55, and GPR68 Each signaling system is a link to human physiology and is associated with disease
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Foster
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Alexander S Hauser
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Line Vedel
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ryan T Strachan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, and the Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, and the NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ariana C Gavin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sushrut D Shah
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ajay P Nayak
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Linda M Haugaard-Kedström
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Raymond B Penn
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, and the Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, and the NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - David E Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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21
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Arsova A, Møller TC, Vedel L, Hansen JL, Foster SR, Gregory KJ, Bräuner-Osborne H. Detailed In Vitro Pharmacological Characterization of Clinically Tested Negative Allosteric Modulators of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 98:49-60. [PMID: 32358164 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.119032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative allosteric modulation of the metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu5) receptor has emerged as a potential strategy for the treatment of neurologic disorders. Despite the success in preclinical studies, many mGlu5 negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) that have reached clinical trials failed due to lack of efficacy. In this study, we provide a detailed in vitro pharmacological characterization of nine clinically and preclinically tested NAMs. We evaluated inhibition of l-glutamate-induced signaling with Ca2+ mobilization, inositol monophosphate (IP1) accumulation, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, and real-time receptor internalization assays on rat mGlu5 expressed in HEK293A cells. Moreover, we determined association rates (kon) and dissociation rates (koff), as well as NAM affinities with [3H]methoxy-PEPy binding experiments. kon and koff values varied greatly between the nine NAMs (34- and 139-fold, respectively) resulting in long receptor residence times (>400 min) for basimglurant and mavoglurant, medium residence times (10-30 min) for AZD2066, remeglurant, and (RS)-remeglurant, and low residence times (<10 mins) for dipraglurant, F169521, F1699611, and STX107. We found that all NAMs inhibited l-glutamate-induced mGlu5 receptor internalization, generally with a similar potency to IP1 accumulation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas Ca2+ mobilization was less potently inhibited. Operational model of allosterism analyses revealed that dipraglurant and (RS)-remeglurant were biased toward (affinity) receptor internalization and away (cooperativity) from the ERK1/2 phosphorylation pathway, respectively. Our study is the first to measure mGlu5 NAM binding kinetics and negative allosteric modulation of mGlu5 receptor internalization and adds significant new knowledge about the molecular pharmacology of a diverse range of clinically relevant NAMs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu5) receptor is important in many brain functions and implicated in several neurological pathologies. Negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) have shown promising results in preclinical models but have so far failed in human clinical trials. Here we provide the most comprehensive and comparative molecular pharmacological study to date of nine preclinically/clinically tested NAMs at the mGlu5 receptor, which is also the first study to measure ligand binding kinetics and negative allosteric modulation of mGlu5 receptor internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Arsova
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Thor C Møller
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Line Vedel
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Jakob Lerche Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Simon R Foster
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Karen J Gregory
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
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22
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Hauser AS, Gloriam DE, Bräuner‐Osborne H, Foster SR. Novel approaches leading towards peptide GPCR de-orphanisation. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:961-968. [PMID: 31863461 PMCID: PMC7042120 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of novel ligands for orphan GPCRs has profoundly affected our understanding of human biology, opening new opportunities for research, and ultimately for therapeutic development. Accordingly, much effort has been directed towards the remaining orphan receptors, yet the rate of GPCR de-orphanisation has slowed in recent years. Here, we briefly review contemporary methodologies of de-orphanisation and then highlight our recent integrated computational and experimental approach for discovery of novel peptide ligands for orphan GPCRs. We identified putative endogenous peptide ligands and found peptide receptor sequence and structural characteristics present in selected orphan receptors. With comprehensive pharmacological screening using three complementary assays, we discovered novel pairings of 17 peptides with five different orphan GPCRs and revealed potential additional ligands for nine peptide GPCRs. These promising findings lay the foundation for future studies on these peptides and receptors to characterise their roles in human physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Hauser
- Department of Drug Design and PharmacologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - David E. Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and PharmacologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Hans Bräuner‐Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and PharmacologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Simon R. Foster
- Department of Drug Design and PharmacologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
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23
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Bauer A, Madela J, Berg C, Daugvilaite V, Gurka S, Mages HW, Kroczek RA, Rosenkilde MM, Voigt S. Rat cytomegalovirus-encoded γ-chemokine vXCL1 is a highly adapted, species-specific agonist for rat XCR1-positive dendritic cells. J Cell Sci 2019; 133:jcs.236190. [PMID: 31649144 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.236190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) expressing the chemokine receptor XCR1 are specialized in antigen cross-presentation to control infections with intracellular pathogens. XCR1-positive (XCR1+) DCs are attracted by XCL1, a γ-chemokine secreted by activated CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells. Rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV) is the only virus known to encode a viral XCL1 analog (vXCL1) that competes for XCR1 binding with the endogenous chemokine. Here we show that vXCL1 from two different RCMV strains, as well as endogenous rat XCL1 (rXCL1) bind to and induce chemotaxis exclusively in rat XCR1+ DCs. Whereas rXCL1 activates the XCR1 Gi signaling pathway in rats and humans, both of the vXCL1s function as species-specific agonists for rat XCR1. In addition, we demonstrate constitutive internalization of XCR1 in XCR1-transfected HEK293A cells and in splenic XCR1+ DCs. This internalization was independent of β-arrestin 1 and 2 and was enhanced after binding of vXCL1 and rXCL1; however, vXCL1 appeared to be a stronger agonist. These findings suggest a decreased surface expression of XCR1 during DC cultivation at 37°C, and subsequent impairment of chemotactic activity and XCR1+ DC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bauer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Madela
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Berg
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Viktorija Daugvilaite
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephanie Gurka
- Molecular Immunology, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Werner Mages
- Centre for biological threats and special pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Voigt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany .,Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology/Stem Cell Transplantation, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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24
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Sundqvist M, Christenson K, Gabl M, Holdfeldt A, Jennbacken K, Møller TC, Dahlgren C, Forsman H. Staphylococcus aureus–Derived PSMα Peptides Activate Neutrophil FPR2 but Lack the Ability to Mediate β-Arrestin Recruitment and Chemotaxis. J I 2019; 203:3349-3360. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Gabe MBN, van der Velden WJC, Gadgaard S, Smit FX, Hartmann B, Bräuner-Osborne H, Rosenkilde MM. Enhanced agonist residence time, internalization rate and signalling of the GIP receptor variant [E354Q] facilitate receptor desensitization and long-term impairment of the GIP system. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 126 Suppl 6:122-132. [PMID: 31299132 PMCID: PMC7317972 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the insulinotropic action of the GIP system is desensitized, whereas this is not the case for the GLP‐1 system. This has raised an interesting discussion of whether GIP agonists or antagonists are most suitable for future treatment of T2DM together with GLP‐1‐based therapies. Homozygous carriers of the GIP receptor (GIPR) variant, [E354Q], display lower bone mineral density, increased bone fracture risk and slightly increased blood glucose. Here, we present an in‐depth molecular pharmacological phenotyping of GIPR‐[E354Q]. In silico modelling suggested similar interaction of the endogenous agonist GIP(1‐42) to [E354Q] as to GIPR wt. This was supported by homologous competition binding in COS‐7 cells revealing GIPR wt‐like affinities of GIP(1‐42) with Kd values of ~2 nmol/L and wt‐like agonist association rates (Kon). In contrast, the dissociation rates (Koff) were slower, resulting in 25% higher agonist residence time for GIPR‐[E354Q]. Moreover, in Gαs signalling (cAMP production) GIP(1‐42) was ~2‐fold more potent and more efficacious on GIPR‐[E354Q] compared to wt with 17.5% higher basal activity. No difference from GIPR wt was found in the recruitment of β‐arrestin 2, whereas the agonist‐induced internalization rate was 2.1‐ to 2.3‐fold faster for [E354Q]. Together with the previously described impaired recycling of [E354Q], our findings with enhanced signalling and internalization rate possibly explained by an altered ligand‐binding kinetics will lead to receptor desensitization and down‐regulation. This could explain the long‐term functional impairment of the GIP system in bone metabolism and blood sugar maintenance for [E354Q] carriers and may shed light on the desensitization of the insulinotropic action of GIP in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Buur Nordskov Gabe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wijnand J C van der Velden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarina Gadgaard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Florent Xavier Smit
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Marie Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Mos I, Jacobsen SE, Foster SR, Bräuner-Osborne H. Calcium-Sensing Receptor Internalization Isβ-Arrestin–Dependent and Modulated by Allosteric Ligands. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:463-474. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.116772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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27
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Alhadeff R, Warshel A. A free-energy landscape for the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor GLP1R. Proteins 2019; 88:127-134. [PMID: 31294890 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are among the most important receptors in human physiology and pathology. They serve as master regulators of numerous key processes and are involved in as well as cause debilitating diseases. Consequently, GPCRs are among the most attractive targets for drug design and pharmaceutical interventions (>30% of drugs on the market). The glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) hormone receptor GLP1R is closely involved in insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and constitutes a major druggable target for the development of anti-diabetes and obesity agents. GLP1R structure was recently solved, with ligands, allosteric modulators and as part of a complex with its cognate G protein. However, the translation of this structural data into structure/function understanding remains limited. The current study functionally characterizes GLP1R with special emphasis on ligand and cellular partner binding interactions and presents a free-energy landscape as well as a functional model of the activation cycle of GLP1R. Our results should facilitate a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying GLP1R activation, forming a basis for improved development of targeted therapeutics for diabetes and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Alhadeff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles
| | - Arieh Warshel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles
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