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Psilopatis I, Vrettou K, Troungos C, Theocharis S. The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Endometrial Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119190. [PMID: 37298140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the female genital tract in the United States. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptor proteins which regulate gene expression. In order to investigate the role of PPARs in endometrial cancer, we conducted a literature review using the MEDLINE and LIVIVO databases and were able to identify 27 relevant studies published between 2000 and 2023. The PPARα and PPARβ/δ isoforms seemed to be upregulated, whereas PPARγ levels were reported to be significantly lower in endometrial cancer cells. Interestingly, PPAR agonists were found to represent potent anti-cancer therapeutic alternatives. In conclusion, PPARs seem to play a significant role in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iason Psilopatis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Kleio Vrettou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Troungos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 16, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
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dos Santos W, de Andrade ES, Garcia FADO, Campacci N, Sábato CDS, Melendez ME, Reis RM, Galvão HDCR, Palmero EI. Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies Pathogenic Germline Variants in Patients with Lynch-Like Syndrome. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4233. [PMID: 36077770 PMCID: PMC9454535 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A significant proportion of families with a clinical suggestion of Lynch syndrome and screened for the known MMR genes remain without a molecular diagnosis. These patients, who generally show a suggestive family pedigree or early-onset tumors with MMR deficiency and no detectable germline variants, are referred to as having Lynch-like syndrome. To investigate underlying and potentially predisposing variants related to Lynch-like syndrome, we performed whole-exome sequencing in patients with clinical criteria for Lynch syndrome, MMR deficiency and without germline variants. This approach allowed for the identification of new variants potentially associated with Lynch-like syndrome, providing new clues to explain the familial predisposition to Lynch syndrome-related tumors in these patients, which could lead to new screening strategies for the identification of families at risk of developing cancer. Abstract Lynch syndrome (LS) is the most common hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) syndrome, characterized by germline pathogenic variants in mismatch repair (MMR)-related genes that lead to microsatellite instability. Patients who meet the clinical criteria for LS and MMR deficiency and without any identified germline pathogenic variants are frequently considered to have Lynch-like syndrome (LLS). These patients have a higher risk of CRC and extracolonic tumors, and little is known about their underlying genetic causes. We investigated the germline spectrum of LLS patients through whole-exome sequencing (WES). A total of 20 unrelated patients with MMR deficiency who met the clinical criteria for LS and had no germline variant were subjected to germline WES. Variant classification was performed according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) criteria. Pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants were identified in 35% of patients in known cancer genes such as MUTYH and ATM. Besides this, rare and potentially pathogenic variants were identified in the DNA repair gene POLN and other cancer-related genes such as PPARG, CTC1, DCC and ALPK1. Our study demonstrates the germline mutational status of LLS patients, a population at high risk of colorectal cancer.
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Hu J, Xu Z, Ye Z, Li J, Hao Z, Wang Y. The association between single nucleotide polymorphisms and ovarian cancer risk: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Cancer Med 2022; 12:541-556. [PMID: 35637613 PMCID: PMC9844622 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and ovarian cancer (OC) risk remains controversial. This systematic review and network meta-analysis was aimed to determine the association between SNPs and OC risk. METHODS Several databases (PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang databases, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and China Biology Medicine disc) were searched to summarize the association between SNPs and OC published throughout April 2021. Direct meta-analysis was used to identify SNPs that could predict the incidence of OC. Ranking probability resulting from network meta-analysis and the Thakkinstian's algorithm was used to select the most appropriate gene model. The false positive report probability (FPRP) and Venice criteria were further tested for credible relationships. Subgroup analysis was also carried out to explore whether there are racial differences. RESULTS A total of 63 genes and 92 SNPs were included in our study after careful consideration. Fok1 rs2228570 is likely a dominant risk factor for the development of OC compared to other selected genes. The dominant gene model of Fok1 rs2228570 (pooled OR = 1.158, 95% CI: 1.068-1.256) was determined to be the most suitable model with a FPRP <0.2 and moderate credibility. CONCLUSIONS Fok1 rs2228570 is closely linked to OC risk, and the dominant gene model is likely the most appropriate model for estimating OC susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina,Research Center of Digestive DiseaseThe Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhe Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhuomiao Ye
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jin Li
- Xiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhinan Hao
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryHebei General HospitalShijiazhuangChina
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina,Research Center of Digestive DiseaseThe Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
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Su J, Wang H, Tian Y, Hu H, Gu W, Zhang T, Li M, Shen C, Gu HF. Impact of physical exercise intervention and PPARγ genetic polymorphisms on cardio-metabolic parameters among a Chinese youth population. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2020; 6:e000681. [PMID: 32341796 PMCID: PMC7173993 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Physical inactivity inChinese youth students particularly in senior high schools, who participate inthe National Higher Education Entrance Examination (NCEE) is very common. Inorder to explore the beneficial effects from physical exercise and education afterNCEE, we performed a Physicalexercise Intervention Program in the Youth (PiPy) to evaluate the interaction with PPARγ genetic variants on cardiovascular and metabolicparameters. Methods A total of 772 freshmen (males 610/females162) from high schools to university were recruited into the PiPy cohort, which was designedaccording to the National Student Health Standards in China. Anthropometric data were collected, whilephysical activities and body composition at the baseline of PiPy cohort weremeasured with SECAprotocols. Eighttagged single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PPARγ gene were genotyped with TaqMan allelicdiscrimination. Results After physical exercise intervention forthree months, in parallel with increased physical activities, BMI and skeletalmuscle content in all subjects was enhanced, while heart rate and bloodpressures were decreased. Furthermore, SNPs in 5’-UTR of the PPARγ gene, including rs2920502, rs9817428 and rs2972164, were found to be associated with the changes of BMI. Body weight in the subjects with BMI <18.5and 18.5-23.9 kg/m2 were increased, while the obese subjects (BMI ≥24.0 kg/m2) decreased. Conclusion The present study for the first timedemonstrated that the PiPy could improve cardio-metabolic parameters such asheart rate, blood pressures and BMI for Chinese youth students after NCEE, inwhich the genetic interactive effects of PPARγ should be included into obesityintervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Su
- Department of Physical Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanrui Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haixu Hu
- Department of Physical Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanjian Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengxia Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Harvest F Gu
- Center for Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang S, Jiang J, Chen Z, Wang Y, Tang W, Chen Y, Liu L. Relationship of PPARG, PPARGC1A, and PPARGC1B polymorphisms with susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma in an eastern Chinese Han population. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:4651-4660. [PMID: 30122956 PMCID: PMC6087028 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s168274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PPARG, PPARGC1A, and PPARGC1B polymorphisms may be implicated in the development of cancer. Participants and methods In this study, we selected PPARG rs1801282 C>G and rs3856806 C>T, PPARGC1A rs2970847 C>T, and PPARGC1B rs7732671 G>C and rs17572019 G>A single-nucleotide polymorphisms to explore the relationship between these polymorphisms and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk. A total of 584 HCC patients and 923 controls were enrolled. Results We found that PPARG rs1801282 C>G polymorphism was correlated with a decreased susceptibility of HCC (CG vs CC, adjusted OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.27-0.82, P=0.007; CG/GG vs CC, adjusted OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.31-0.88, P=0.015). However, PPARG rs3856806 C>T polymorphism was a risk factor for HCC (TT vs CC, adjusted OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.25-4.36, P=0.008; TT vs CT/CC, adjusted OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.22-4.17, P=0.010). In a subgroup analysis by chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infection status, age, sex, alcohol use, and smoking status, a significant association between PPARG rs1801282 C>G polymorphism and a decreased risk of HCC in male, ≥53 years, never-smoking, never-drinking, and nonchronic HBV-infection-status subgroups was found. However, we found PPARG rs3856806 C>T polymorphism increased the risk of HCC in never-smoking, never-drinking, and nonchronic HBV-infection-status subgroups. Haplotype-comparison analysis indicated that Crs1801282Trs3856806Crs2970847Grs7732671Grs17572019, Crs1801282Trs3856806Trs2970847Grs7732671Grs17572019, and Crs1801282Crs3856806Crs2970847Crs7732671Ars17572019 haplotypes increased the risk of HCC. PPARG Crs1801282Trs3856806 and Grs1801282Crs3856806 haplotypes also influenced the risk of HCC. Conclusion In conclusion, our findings suggest PPARG polymorphisms may influence the susceptibility of HCC. The PPARG, PPARGC1A, and PPARGC1B haplotypes might be associated with HCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Changzhou Third People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiakai Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Changzhou Third People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Jinghong, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Weifeng Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China, .,Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China, .,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,
| | - Longgen Liu
- Department of Liver Disease, Changzhou Third People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China,
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Ding H, Chen Y, Qiu H, Liu C, Wang Y, Kang M, Tang W. PPARG c.1347C>T polymorphism is associated with cancer susceptibility: from a case-control study to a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102277-90. [PMID: 29254243 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, several studies suggested that PPARG c.1347C>T polymorphism was correlated with cancer risk. However, past results remained controversial. In this study, we performed a case-control study on the relationship of PPARG c.1347C>T polymorphism with risk of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and subsequently carried out a meta-analysis to further assess the association between PPARG c.1347C>T and overall cancer. In our case-control study, after adjusting by age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking and drinking, a tendency to increased NSCLC risk was noted (CT/TT vs. CC: adjusted OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.97–1.51; P = 0.097). In the meta-analysis, we found a significant association between PPARG c.1347C>T polymorphism and overall cancer risk (T vs. C: OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03–1.23; P = 0.006; TT vs. CC: OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.07–1.56; P = 0.008, CT/TT vs. CC: OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02–1.21; P = 0.014 and TT vs. CT/CC: OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.04–1.52; P = 0.016). In a subgroup analysis by ethnicity, evidence of significant association between PPARG c.1347C>T polymorphism and cancer risk was found among Asians and mixed populations. In a subgroup analysis by cancer type, PPARG c.1347C>T polymorphism was associated with risk of esophageal cancer and glioblastoma. In addition, in a subgroup analysis by origin of cancer cell, evidence of significant association between PPARG c.1347C>T polymorphism and cancer risk was also found among epithelial tumor. In conclusion, the findings indicate PPARG c.1347C>T polymorphism may increase the susceptibility of cancer.
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Han J, Zhou W, Jia M, Wen J, Jiang J, Shi J, Zhang K, Ma H, Liu J, Ren J, Dai M, Hu Z, Hang D, Li N, Shen H. Expression quantitative trait loci in long non-coding RNA PAX8-AS1 are associated with decreased risk of cervical cancer. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 291:1743-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Prescott J, Setiawan VW, Wentzensen N, Schumacher F, Yu H, Delahanty R, Bernstein L, Chanock SJ, Chen C, Cook LS, Friedenreich C, Garcia-Closas M, Haiman CA, Le Marchand L, Liang X, Lissowska J, Lu L, Magliocco AM, Olson SH, Risch HA, Shu XO, Ursin G, Yang HP, Kraft P, De Vivo I. Body Mass Index Genetic Risk Score and Endometrial Cancer Risk. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143256. [PMID: 26606540 PMCID: PMC4659592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified common variants that predispose individuals to a higher body mass index (BMI), an independent risk factor for endometrial cancer. Composite genotype risk scores (GRS) based on the joint effect of published BMI risk loci were used to explore whether endometrial cancer shares a genetic background with obesity. Genotype and risk factor data were available on 3,376 endometrial cancer case and 3,867 control participants of European ancestry from the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium GWAS. A BMI GRS was calculated by summing the number of BMI risk alleles at 97 independent loci. For exploratory analyses, additional GRSs were based on subsets of risk loci within putative etiologic BMI pathways. The BMI GRS was statistically significantly associated with endometrial cancer risk (P = 0.002). For every 10 BMI risk alleles a woman had a 13% increased endometrial cancer risk (95% CI: 4%, 22%). However, after adjusting for BMI, the BMI GRS was no longer associated with risk (per 10 BMI risk alleles OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.91, 1.07; P = 0.78). Heterogeneity by BMI did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.06), and no effect modification was noted by age, GWAS Stage, study design or between studies (P≥0.58). In exploratory analyses, the GRS defined by variants at loci containing monogenic obesity syndrome genes was associated with reduced endometrial cancer risk independent of BMI (per BMI risk allele OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.88, 0.96; P = 2.1 x 10−5). Possessing a large number of BMI risk alleles does not increase endometrial cancer risk above that conferred by excess body weight among women of European descent. Thus, the GRS based on all current established BMI loci does not provide added value independent of BMI. Future studies are required to validate the unexpected observed relation between monogenic obesity syndrome genetic variants and endometrial cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Prescott
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Veronica W. Setiawan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Herbert Yu
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ryan Delahanty
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chu Chen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Linda S. Cook
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Christine Friedenreich
- Division of Cancer Care, Department of Population Health Research, Alberta Health Services–Cancer Control Alberta, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Xiaolin Liang
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention, Cancer Center and M Sklodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | | | - Sara H. Olson
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Harvey A. Risch
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Giske Ursin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hannah P. Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Chen C, Wang L, Liao Q, Xu L, Huang Y, Zhang C, Ye H, Xu X, Ye M, Duan S. Association between six genetic polymorphisms and colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2014; 18:187-95. [PMID: 24552298 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2013.0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether six genetic polymorphisms confer susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS A systematic search for candidate genes of CRC was performed among several online databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang online libraries. After a comprehensive filtering procedure, we harvested five genes, including MGMT (rs12917 and rs2308321), ADH1B (rs1229984), SOD2 (rs4880), XPC (rs2228001), and PPARG (rs1801282). Using the REVMAN and Stata software, six meta-analyses were conducted for associations between CRC and the just-mentioned genetic variants. RESULTS A total of 34 comparative studies among 17,289 cases and 54,927 controls were involved in our meta-analyses. Significant association was found between ADH1B rs1229984 polymorphism and CRC (p=0.03, odds ratio [OR]=1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.01-1.36). We also found significant association between PPARG rs1801282 polymorphism and CRC (p=0.004, OR=1.498, 95% CI=1.139-1.970), and this significant association is specific in Caucasians (p=0.004, OR=1.603, 95% CI=1.165-2.205). CONCLUSIONS The current meta-analysis has established that ADH1B (rs1229984) and PPARG (rs1801282) are two risk variants of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- 1 Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University , Ningbo, China
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Wang C, Zhang X, Tian L, Pestell RG. Emerging roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in cancer. Mol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139046947.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Tatenhorst L, Hahnen E, Heneka MT. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) as Potential Inducers of Antineoplastic Effects in CNS Tumors. PPAR Res 2008; 2008:204514. [PMID: 18725982 DOI: 10.1155/2008/204514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2008] [Revised: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-inducible transcription factors which belong to the superfamily of nuclear hormone receptors. In recent years it turned out that natural as well as synthetic PPAR agonists exhibit profound antineoplastic as well as redifferentiation effects in tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). The molecular understanding of the underlying mechanisms is still emerging, with partially controverse findings reported by a number of studies dealing with the influence of PPARs on treatment of tumor cells in vitro. Remarkably, studies examining the effects of these drugs in vivo are just beginning to emerge. However, the agonists of PPARs, in particular the thiazolidinediones, seem to be promising candidates for new approaches in human CNS tumor therapy.
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Tang H, Dong X, Hassan M, Abbruzzese JL, Li D. Body mass index and obesity- and diabetes-associated genotypes and risk for pancreatic cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:779-92. [PMID: 21357378 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic factors predisposing individuals with obesity or diabetes to pancreatic cancer have not been identified. AIMS To investigate the hypothesis that obesity- and diabetes-related genes modify the risk of pancreatic cancer. METHODS We genotyped 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO), peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), nuclear receptor family 5 member 2 (NR5A2), AMPK, and ADIPOQ genes in 1,070 patients with pancreatic cancer and 1,175 cancer-free controls. Information on risk factors was collected by personal interview. Adjusted ORs (AOR) and 95% CIs were calculated using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS The PPARγ P12A GG genotype was inversely associated with risk of pancreatic cancer (AOR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.07-0.62). Three NR5A2 variants that were previously identified in a genome-wide association study were significantly associated with reduced risk of pancreatic cancer, AORs ranging from 0.57 to 0.79. Two FTO gene variants and one ADIPOQ variant were differentially associated with pancreatic cancer according to levels of body mass index (BMI; P(interaction) = 0.0001, 0.0015, and 0.03). For example, the AOR (95% CI) for FTO IVS1-2777AC/AA genotype was 0.72 (0.55-0.96) and 1.54 (1.14-2.09) in participants with a BMI of less than 25 or 25 kg/m(2) or more, respectively. We observed no significant association between AMPK genotype and pancreatic cancer and no genotype interactions with diabetes or smoking. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest the PPARγ P12A GG genotype and NR5A2 variants may reduce the risk for pancreatic cancer. A positive association of FTO and ADIPOQ gene variants with pancreatic cancer may be limited to persons who are overweight. IMPACT The discovery of genetic factors modifying the risk of pancreatic cancer may help to identify high-risk individuals for prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Tang H, Dong X, Hassan M, Abbruzzese JL, Li D, Askari F, Su GL, Lok AS, Marrero JA. Body mass index and obesity- and diabetes-associated genotypes and risk for pancreatic cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011. [PMID: 21357378 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic factors predisposing individuals with obesity or diabetes to pancreatic cancer have not been identified. AIMS To investigate the hypothesis that obesity- and diabetes-related genes modify the risk of pancreatic cancer. METHODS We genotyped 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO), peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), nuclear receptor family 5 member 2 (NR5A2), AMPK, and ADIPOQ genes in 1,070 patients with pancreatic cancer and 1,175 cancer-free controls. Information on risk factors was collected by personal interview. Adjusted ORs (AOR) and 95% CIs were calculated using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS The PPARγ P12A GG genotype was inversely associated with risk of pancreatic cancer (AOR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.07-0.62). Three NR5A2 variants that were previously identified in a genome-wide association study were significantly associated with reduced risk of pancreatic cancer, AORs ranging from 0.57 to 0.79. Two FTO gene variants and one ADIPOQ variant were differentially associated with pancreatic cancer according to levels of body mass index (BMI; P(interaction) = 0.0001, 0.0015, and 0.03). For example, the AOR (95% CI) for FTO IVS1-2777AC/AA genotype was 0.72 (0.55-0.96) and 1.54 (1.14-2.09) in participants with a BMI of less than 25 or 25 kg/m(2) or more, respectively. We observed no significant association between AMPK genotype and pancreatic cancer and no genotype interactions with diabetes or smoking. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest the PPARγ P12A GG genotype and NR5A2 variants may reduce the risk for pancreatic cancer. A positive association of FTO and ADIPOQ gene variants with pancreatic cancer may be limited to persons who are overweight. IMPACT The discovery of genetic factors modifying the risk of pancreatic cancer may help to identify high-risk individuals for prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Wu MH, Chu CH, Chou YC, Chou WY, Yang T, Hsu GC, Yu CP, Yu JC, Sun CA. Joint effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ genetic polymorphisms and estrogen-related risk factors on breast cancer risk: results from a case-control study in Taiwan. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 127:777-84. [PMID: 21140205 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-1282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) has been linked with possible antineoplastic effects in colorectal carcinogenesis. However, data for the possible link between PPARγ and breast cancer risk are sparse. We assessed the association of three polymorphisms in PPARγ (rs10865710 [C-681T], rs1805192 [Pro12Ala], and rs3856806 [C1431T]) with the risk of breast cancer in an ethnic Chinese female population in Taiwan. In addition, interactions with estrogen exposures were also explored. Genotypes for the PPARγ polymorphisms were determined on 291 incident breast cancer cases and 589 matched controls by fluorogenic 5'-nuclease assay. The at-risk haplotypes were defined according to the three polymorphisms in the following order: C-681T, Pro12Ala, and C1431T, which include CCT, GGT, and GGC. In addition, a critical period of estrogen exposure was estimated by the interval between age at menarche and age at first full-term pregnancy. Overall, there was no evidence of a significant impact of individual polymorphisms of PPARγ on breast cancer risk. However, the haplotype analysis revealed that women harboring at-risk haplotypes showed a significant 67% increase in breast cancer risk [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.67; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-2.52]. Furthermore, there was a significant joint effect of estrogen exposure-related factors and at-risk haplotypes of PPARγ on breast cancer risk (adjusted OR 4.04; 95% CI 1.89-8.65), particularly in premenopausal women. The present study implicates a role for PPARγ in breast cancer risk. Mechanistic studies to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying PPARγ's effects should be pursued in future investigations.
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Fesinmeyer MD, Stanford JL, Brentnall TA, Mandelson MT, Farin FM, Srinouanprachanh S, Afsharinejad Z, Goodman GE, Barnett MJ, Austin MA. Association between the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma Pro12Ala variant and haplotype and pancreatic cancer in a high-risk cohort of smokers: a pilot study. Pancreas 2009; 38:631-7. [PMID: 19436234 PMCID: PMC2938077 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e3181a53ef9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Pro12Ala variant in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) gene has been associated with diabetes and several cancers. This pilot study tested for the association between Pro12Ala and pancreatic cancer risk in a high-risk sample of smokers. METHODS A nested case-control study was conducted in 83 incident cases of pancreatic cancer and 166 matched controls originally recruited into a cohort chemoprevention study of lung cancer. Associations between Pro12Ala and pancreatic cancer risk were measured using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS Carriers of the G allele (Ala) of the Pro12Ala variant had a borderline increased relative risk of pancreatic cancer compared with homozygous carriers of the C allele (Pro), with an odds ratio of 1.79 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96-3.33; P=0.06). Among subjects randomized to high-dose vitamin A, the odds ratio was 2.80 (95% CI, 1.16-6.74; P=0.02) versus 1.20 (95% CI, 0.45-3.23; P=0.71) in the placebo group. A haplotype including Pro12Ala was also significantly associated with pancreatic cancer risk in all subjects and in subjects randomized to vitamin A. CONCLUSIONS This analysis presents the first evidence that PPARG may be associated with pancreatic cancer risk, and this candidate gene should be investigated in future, larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Dann Fesinmeyer
- Institute for Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Fesinmeyer MD, Stanford JL, Brentnall TA, Mandelson MT, Farin FM, Srinouanprachanh S, Afsharinejad Z, Goodman GE, Barnett MJ, Austin MA. Association between the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma Pro12Ala variant and haplotype and pancreatic cancer in a high-risk cohort of smokers: a pilot study. Pancreas 2009; 38:631-7. [PMID: 19436234 DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0b013e3181a53ef9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Pro12Ala variant in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) gene has been associated with diabetes and several cancers. This pilot study tested for the association between Pro12Ala and pancreatic cancer risk in a high-risk sample of smokers. METHODS A nested case-control study was conducted in 83 incident cases of pancreatic cancer and 166 matched controls originally recruited into a cohort chemoprevention study of lung cancer. Associations between Pro12Ala and pancreatic cancer risk were measured using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS Carriers of the G allele (Ala) of the Pro12Ala variant had a borderline increased relative risk of pancreatic cancer compared with homozygous carriers of the C allele (Pro), with an odds ratio of 1.79 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96-3.33; P=0.06). Among subjects randomized to high-dose vitamin A, the odds ratio was 2.80 (95% CI, 1.16-6.74; P=0.02) versus 1.20 (95% CI, 0.45-3.23; P=0.71) in the placebo group. A haplotype including Pro12Ala was also significantly associated with pancreatic cancer risk in all subjects and in subjects randomized to vitamin A. CONCLUSIONS This analysis presents the first evidence that PPARG may be associated with pancreatic cancer risk, and this candidate gene should be investigated in future, larger studies.
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Abstract
The nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is an important transcription factor regulating adipocyte differentiation, lipid and glucose homeostasis, and insulin sensitivity. Numerous genetic mutations of PPARγ have been identified and these mutations positively or negatively regulate insulin sensitivity. Among these, a relatively common polymorphism of PPARγ, Pro12Ala of PPARγ2, the isoform expressed only in adipose tissue has been shown to be associated with lower body mass index, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and resistance to the risk of type 2 diabetes in human subjects carrying this mutation. Subsequent studies in different ethnic populations, however, have revealed conflicting results, suggesting a complex interaction between the PPARγ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism and environmental factors such as the ratio of dietary unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids and/or between the PPARγ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism and genetic factors such as polymorphic mutations in other genes. In addition, this polymorphic mutation in PPARγ2 is associated with other aspects of human diseases, including cancers, polycystic ovary syndrome, Alzheimer disease and aging. This review will highlight findings from recent studies.
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Dong LM, Brennan P, Karami S, Hung RJ, Menashe I, Berndt SI, Yeager M, Chanock S, Zaridze D, Matveev V, Janout V, Kollarova H, Bencko V, Schwartz K, Davis F, Navratilova M, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Mates D, Colt JS, Holcatova I, Boffetta P, Rothman N, Chow WH, Rosenberg PS, Moore LE. An analysis of growth, differentiation and apoptosis genes with risk of renal cancer. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4895. [PMID: 19603096 PMCID: PMC2656573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a case-control study of renal cancer (987 cases and 1298 controls) in Central and Eastern Europe and analyzed genomic DNA for 319 tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 21 genes involved in cellular growth, differentiation and apoptosis using an Illumina Oligo Pool All (OPA). A haplotype-based method (sliding window analysis of consecutive SNPs) was used to identify chromosome regions of interest that remained significant at a false discovery rate of 10%. Subsequently, risk estimates were generated for regions with a high level of signal and individual SNPs by unconditional logistic regression adjusting for age, gender and study center. Three regions containing genes associated with renal cancer were identified: caspase 1/5/4/12(CASP 1/5/4/12), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3). We observed that individuals with CASP1/5/4/12 haplotype (spanning area upstream of CASP1 through exon 2 of CASP5) GGGCTCAGT were at higher risk of renal cancer compared to individuals with the most common haplotype (OR:1.40, 95% CI:1.10–1.78, p-value = 0.007). Analysis of EGFR revealed three strong signals within intron 1, particularly a region centered around rs759158 with a global p = 0.006 (GGG: OR:1.26, 95% CI:1.04–1.53 and ATG: OR:1.55, 95% CI:1.14–2.11). A region in IGFBP3 was also associated with increased risk (global p = 0.04). In addition, the number of statistically significant (p-value<0.05) SNP associations observed within these three genes was higher than would be expected by chance on a gene level. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate these genes in relation to renal cancer and there is need to replicate and extend our findings. The specific regions associated with risk may have particular relevance for gene function and/or carcinogenesis. In conclusion, our evaluation has identified common genetic variants in CASP1, CASP5, EGFR, and IGFBP3 that could be associated with renal cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Dong
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
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Abstract
Protein complexes mediated by protein-protein interactions are essential for many cellular functions. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling involves a cascade of protein-protein interactions and malfunctioning of this pathway has been implicated in human diseases. Using an in silico approach, we analyzed the naturally occurring human genetic variations from the proteins involved in the TGF-β signaling (10 TGF-β proteins and 242 other proteins interacting with them) to identify the ones that have potential biological consequences. All proteins were searched in the dbSNP database for the presence of nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs). A total of 118 validated nsSNPs from 63 proteins were retrieved and analyzed in terms of 1) evolutionary conservation status, 2) being located in a functional protein domain or motif, and 3) altering putative protein motif or phosphorylation sites. Our results indicated the presence of 31 nsSNPs that occurred at evolutionarily conserved residues, 37 nsSNPs were located in protein domains, motifs, or repeats, and 46 nsSNPs were predicted to either create or abolish putative protein motifs or phosphorylation sites. We undertook this study to analyze the human genetic variations that can affect the protein function and the TGF-β signaling. The nsSNPs reported in here can be characterized by experimental approaches to elucidate their exact biological roles and whether they are related to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevtap Savas
- Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Konstantinopoulos PA, Vandoros GP, Sotiropoulou-Bonikou G, Kominea A, Papavassiliou AG. NF-kappaB/PPAR gamma and/or AP-1/PPAR gamma 'on/off' switches and induction of CBP in colon adenocarcinomas: correlation with COX-2 expression. Int J Colorectal Dis 2007; 22:57-68. [PMID: 16506021 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-006-0112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2006] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several studies indicate that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) represses activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) transcriptional activity and this negative cross-talk occupies an important role in carcinogenesis. The present study evaluated the differential expression profile of AP-1 constituents (c-FOS and phosphorylated-active pc-JUN), p-I kappaB-alpha (phosphorylated I kappaB-alpha, a signaling intermediate of NF-kappaB pathway), PPAR gamma, cyclic AMP-response element binding-binding protein (CBP, a known AP-1, NF-kappaB, and PPAR gamma transcriptional coactivator), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), p53, and COX-2 in normal colonic epithelial cells and colon adenocarcinoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical methodology was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from 60 patients with colon adenocarcinomas. A molecular profile was created for each patient and the induction or down-regulation of each pathway from normal to cancer cells was documented. Relationships between transcription factors and downstream molecular targets were evaluated by Spearman's rho correlation coefficient and validated by nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS/FINDINGS P-I kappaB-alpha (P<0.001), CBP (P<0.001), c-FOS (P=0.047), pc-JUN (P=0.047), and EGF-R (P<0.001) were up-regulated in colon adenocarcinomas while PPAR gamma (P<0.001) was concomitantly down-regulated. p-I kappaB-alpha, CBP, pc-JUN, EGF-R, and p53 expression all correlated positively with COX-2 while PPAR gamma expression correlated inversely with COX-2. INTERPRETATION/CONCLUSION NF-kappaB/PPAR gamma and/or AP-1/PPAR gamma expressional 'on/off' switches are common molecular events during colorectal carcinogenesis. Down-regulation of PPAR gamma and induction of the CBP transcriptional coactivator can augment NF-kappaB and AP-1 transcriptional activities leading to up-regulation of COX-2 expression in colon adenocarcinoma cells. p-I kappaB-alpha, pc-JUN, and CBP could potentially provide the basis for future molecular-targeted anticancer therapies.
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Kiyomizu M, Kitawaki J, Obayashi H, Ohta M, Koshiba H, Ishihara H, Honjo H. Association of two polymorphisms in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma gene with adenomyosis, endometriosis, and leiomyomata in Japanese women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 13:372-7. [PMID: 16725353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsgi.2006.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) is a nuclear hormone receptor that plays an important role in many diseases. This study investigated whether two polymorphisms (Pro12Ala in exon B and C161T in exon 6) of the PPAR-gamma2 gene are related to adenomyosis, endometriosis, or leiomyomata. METHODS A total of 390 patients with adenomyosis, endometriosis, and/or leiomyomata were classified into four groups: 103 patients with adenomyosis (21 adenomyosis only and 82 adenomyosis with endometriosis and/or leiomyomata), 95 patients with endometriosis only, 100 patients with leiomyomata only, and 92 patients with endometriosis and leiomyomata. RESULTS There was no association between distribution of genotype or allele frequencies for the PPAR-gamma Pro12Ala polymorphism and the presence of adenomyosis, endometriosis, and/or leiomyomata. However, compared with results for controls, the PPAR-gamma 161CC genotype and 161C allele frequencies were significantly increased in patients with adenomyosis (genotype: chi2 = 8.185, corrected P value [Pc] = .0169; allele: chi2 = 8.337, Pc = .0155) and in patients with endometriosis (genotype: chi2 = 6.748, Pc = .0375; allele: chi2 = 6.413, Pc = .0453). CONCLUSION The results suggest that the PPAR-gamma 161CC genotype could be a genetic risk factor for adenomyosis and endometriosis, whereas the Pro12Ala polymorphism was not associated with these estrogen-dependent benign uterine diseases in a Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyo Kiyomizu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
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Copland JA, Marlow LA, Kurakata S, Fujiwara K, Wong AKC, Kreinest PA, Williams SF, Haugen BR, Klopper JP, Smallridge RC. Novel high-affinity PPARgamma agonist alone and in combination with paclitaxel inhibits human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma tumor growth via p21WAF1/CIP1. Oncogene 2006; 25:2304-17. [PMID: 16331265 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists demonstrate antitumor activity likely through transactivating genes that regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. The PAX8/PPARgamma fusion oncogene, which is common in human follicular thyroid carcinomas appears to act via dominant negative suppression of wild-type PPARgamma, suggesting that it may be a tumor suppressor gene in thyroid cells. We have identified a novel high-affinity PPARgamma agonist (RS5444) that is dependent upon PPARgamma for its biological activity. This is the first report of this molecule and its antitumor activity. In vitro, the IC50 for growth inhibition is approximately 0.8 nM while anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) tumor growth was inhibited three- to fourfold in nude mice. siRNA against PPARgamma and a pharmacological antagonist demonstrated that functional PPARgamma was required for growth inhibitory activity of RS5444. RS5444 upregulated the cell cycle kinase inhibitor, p21WAF1/CIP1. Silencing p21WAF1/CIP1 rendered cells insensitive to RS5444. RS5444 plus paclitaxel demonstrated additive antiproliferative activity in cell culture and minimal ATC tumor growth in vivo. RS5444 did not induce apoptosis but combined with paclitaxel, doubled the apoptotic index compared to that of paclitaxel. Our data indicate that functional PPARgamma is a molecular target for therapy in ATC. We demonstrated that RS5444, a thiazolidinedione (Tzd) derivative, alone or in combination with paclitaxel, may provide therapeutic benefit to patients diagnosed with ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida 33224, USA.
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Mössner R, Meyer P, Jankowski F, König IR, Krüger U, Kammerer S, Westphal G, Boettger MB, Berking C, Schmitt C, Brockmöller J, Ziegler A, Stapelmann H, Kaiser R, Volkenandt M, Reich K. Variations in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma gene and melanoma risk. Cancer Lett 2006; 246:218-23. [PMID: 16713673 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2005] [Revised: 02/20/2006] [Accepted: 02/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
There is strong evidence to suggest that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma, a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcriptional regulators, mediates tumor suppressive activities in a variety of human cancers. Recently, PPARgamma agonists were found to inhibit growth of melanoma cell lines. Here, we tested the possibility that variations in the gene encoding PPARgamma (PPARG) influence melanoma risk. Two variations of PPARG (P12A[rs1801282] and C161T [rs3856806]) were investigated in two independent case-control studies with a total of 832 melanoma patients and 790 control individuals. In the first study, homozygous carriers of the rare *T allele of the C161T polymorphism in exon 6 of PPARG were significantly more common among patients with melanoma than among healthy subjects (6.0 vs. 2.0%; P=0.0096) and this association was independent of clinical risk factors such as skin type and nevus count (odds ratio 5.18; 95% confidence interval 1.68-15.96; P=0.0041). This finding, however, could not be replicated in the second case-control study. We therefore conclude that the investigated PPARG polymorphisms are not likely to constitute a significant risk factor for the development of melanoma among German Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotraut Mössner
- Department of Dermatology, Georg-August-University, Von-Siebold-Strasse 3, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Saidi SA, Holland CM, Charnock-Jones DS, Smith SK. In vitro and in vivo effects of the PPAR-alpha agonists fenofibrate and retinoic acid in endometrial cancer. Mol Cancer 2006; 5:13. [PMID: 16569247 PMCID: PMC1475879 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-5-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2005] [Accepted: 03/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fenofibrate, an agonist of PPAR-alpha, in doses above 25 μM, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells. We show that these effects are potentiated by retinoic acid, an agonist of the retinoid-X-receptor. DNA content analysis shows that G1/S phase progression through the cell cycle is inhibited. Independent Component Analysis of gene microarray experiments demonstrated downregulation of Cyclin D1 (CCND1) and associated changes in cell cycle gene expression. Expression of PPAR-alpha mRNA was reduced by >75% using RNA-interference but this resulted in only minor changes in biological effects. A nude mouse model of endometrial carcinoma was used to investigate the effect of fenofibrate in vivo but failed to show consistent inhibition of tumour growth. The combination of fenofibrate and retinoic acid is a potent inhibitor of Ishikawa endometrial cancer cell growth in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir A Saidi
- University Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Rosie Hospital, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 2SW, UK
| | - Cathrine M Holland
- University Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Rosie Hospital, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 2SW, UK
| | - D Stephen Charnock-Jones
- University Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Rosie Hospital, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 2SW, UK
| | - Stephen K Smith
- University Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Rosie Hospital, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 2SW, UK
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McGreavey LE, Turner F, Smith G, Boylan K, Timothy Bishop D, Forman D, Roland Wolf C, Barrett JH. No evidence that polymorphisms in CYP2C8, CYP2C9, UGT1A6, PPARdelta and PPARgamma act as modifiers of the protective effect of regular NSAID use on the risk of colorectal carcinoma. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2005; 15:713-21. [PMID: 16141797 DOI: 10.1097/01.fpc.0000174786.85238.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Regular continuous non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use has been associated with a reduction in risk of colorectal cancer. Our objective was to investigate whether or not a number of the polymorphic genes involved in the metabolism of NSAIDs, including cytochrome P450 s (CYPs), act as modifiers of this protective effect. METHODS As part of a multi-centre case-control study, 478 colorectal cancer patients and 733 controls (433 matched case-control pairs) answered questions on NSAID use. These individuals were then genotyped for common polymorphisms in P450 CYP2C8, P450 CYP2C9, UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT)1A6 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor isoforms delta and gamma (PPARdelta and PPARgamma). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Our study confirmed the reduction in risk of colorectal cancer with regular NSAID use (odds ratio (OR) = 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.56, 0.95)) but showed that none of the polymorphic genes studied appeared to modify the protective effect of regular NSAID use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise E McGreavey
- Biomedical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
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26
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Jiang J, Gajalakshmi V, Wang J, Kuriki K, Suzuki S, Nakamura S, Akasaka S, Ishikawa H, Tokudome S. Influence of the C161T but not Pro12Ala polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma on colorectal cancer in an Indian population. Cancer Sci 2005; 96:507-12. [PMID: 16108832 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2005.00072.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between Pro12Ala and C161T polymorphisms in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) gene and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. We recruited 301 newly diagnosed CRC patients and 291 healthy control subjects at the Madras Cancer Institute in Chennai, India, from 1999 to 2001. Genotypes of the Pro12Ala and C161T polymorphisms were determined using the PCR-RFLP method. After adjustment for age, sex, smoking habit, family history and family income, an increased risk of CRC was observed for the C/T + T/T genotype compared to the C/C genotype of the C161T polymorphism (odds ratio = 1.61, 95% confidence interval: 1.10-2.36), whereas no significant association was found for Pro12Ala (odds ratio = 1.06, 95% confidence interval: 0.70-1.61). Analysis with estimated haplotypes showed a significant difference in haplotype frequencies between cases and controls (chi(2) = 11.62, P = 0.009, d.f. = 3). The relationship between the two polymorphisms and CRC risk was not significantly modified by dietary intake of fish. Although the biological mechanisms of the observed association remain to be elucidated, our findings suggest that the C161T polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma gene is related to risk of CRC. Further research is needed to investigate functional implications of polymorphisms of the PPAR-gamma gene in CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiang
- Department of Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
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27
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Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a prototypical member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and integrates the control of energy, lipid, and glucose homeostasis. PPARgamma can bind a variety of small lipophilic compounds derived from metabolism and nutrition. These ligands, in turn, determine cofactor recruitment to PPARgamma, regulating the transcription of genes in a variety of metabolic pathways. PPARgamma is the main target of the thiazolidinedione class of insulin-sensitizing drugs, which are currently a mainstay of therapy for type 2 diabetes. However, this therapy has a number of side effects. Here, we review the clinical consequences of PPARgamma polymorphisms in humans, as well as several studies in mice using general or tissue-specific knockout techniques. We also discuss the recent pharmacological literature describing a variety of new PPARgamma partial agonists and antagonists, as well as pan-PPAR agonists. The results of these studies have added to the understanding of PPARgamma function, allowing us to hypothesize a general mechanism of PPARgamma action and speculate on future trends in the use of PPARgamma as a target in the treatment of type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Knouff
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université Louis Pasteur, Illkirch, France
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28
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Abstract
Although cigarette smoking is the dominant risk factor for several epithelial cancers, only a small fraction of individuals with tobacco exposure develop cancer. The underlying hypothesis is that genetic factors may render certain smokers more susceptible to cancer than others. Genetic alterations in critical regulatory pathways may predispose cells to carcinogenesis. These pathways include regulation of xenobiotic metabolism; control of genomic stability, including DNA repair mechanisms, cell-cycle checkpoints, apoptosis and telomere length; and control of microenvironmental factors, such as matrix metalloproteinases, inflammation and growth factors. In addition, epigenetic events, such as promoter hypermethylation and loss of imprinting, are also involved in carcinogenesis. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in genetic susceptibility to tobacco-related cancer. Emphasizing on risk assessment, we will describe how genetic variations in the above-mentioned genetic pathways modify the tobacco-related cancer risk. In addition, we will discuss how genetic variations may assist in predicting clinical outcome, such as the natural history of cancer and treatment response. The measurements of genetic susceptibility by both genotypic and phenotypic assays are covered in the text. Finally, we present a number of current concerns that need to be addressed as the exciting field of molecular cancer epidemiology advances rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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29
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Davis CD, Milner J. Frontiers in nutrigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics and cancer prevention. Mutat Res 2004; 551:51-64. [PMID: 15225581 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2003] [Revised: 01/20/2004] [Accepted: 01/20/2004] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
While dietary habits continue to surface as a significant factor that may influence cancer incidence and tumor behavior, there is considerable scientific uncertainty about who will benefit most. Adequate [corrected] knowledge about how the responses depend on an individual's genetic background (nutrigenetic effects), the cumulative effects of food components on genetic expression profiles (nutritional transcriptomics and nutritional epigenomics effects), the occurrence and activity of proteins (proteomic effects) and/or the dose and temporal changes in cellular small molecular weight compounds (metabolomics effects) will [corrected] assist in identifying responders and non-responders. Expanding the information about similarities and differences in the "omic" responses across tissues will not only provide clues about specificity in response to bioactive food components but assist in the identification of surrogate tissues and biomarkers that can be used for predicting a response. Deciphering the importance of each of these potential sites of regulation will be particularly challenging but does hold promise in explaining many of the inconsistencies in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy D Davis
- NIH/NCI, Nutritional Sciences Research Group, 6130 Executive Blvd, MSC 7328, Rockville, MD 20892-7328, USA.
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30
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Dogan S, Machicao F, Wallwiener D, Haering HU, Diedrich K, Hornung D. Association of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma 2 Pro-12-Ala polymorphism with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2004; 81:1411-3. [PMID: 15136115 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2003] [Revised: 10/28/2003] [Accepted: 10/28/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We explored the association of the PPAR-gamma2 (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) Pro-12-Ala polymorphism with endometriosis in a case-control study with 51 women with endometriosis stages I-IV and 55 control women without endometriosis. The 12-Pro allele of PPAR-gamma2 may have protective effects avoiding the development and progression of endometriosis.
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31
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Bogazzi F, Ultimieri F, Raggi F, Russo D, Brogioni S, Cosci C, Gasperi M, Costa A, Viacava P, Mosca F, Bartalena L, Martino E. Colonic polyps of acromegalic patients are not associated with mutations of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma gene. J Endocrinol Invest 2003; 26:1054-8. [PMID: 15008240 DOI: 10.1007/bf03345249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)gamma plays a pivotal role in regulating adipocyte differentiation and metabolism, but also has an antiproliferative effect in several tissues, including colonic mucosa, where it is highly expressed. Loss-of-function mutations have been reported in about 10% of sporadic primary colon cancer. Acromegalic patients have an increased prevalence of colonic neoplasms and lower PPARgamma levels in the colonic mucosa. Thus, PPARgamma may act as a tumor suppressor gene, and its reduced expression or loss-of-function mutations may contribute to tumorigenesis. In this study the expression and mutations of the PPARgamma gene in the colonic polyps and mucosa outside polyps were investigated in 10 acromegalic and 17 non-acromegalic patients. PPARgamma expression was evaluated by RT-PCR. PPARgamma was expressed in each sample, but expression appeared to be lower in polyps than in mucosa outside polyps from either acromegalic or non-acromegalic patients. All exons of the PPARgamma gene were directly sequenced after PCR amplification: no mutations were found either in acromegalic or in non-acromegalic patients. In conclusion, the results of this preliminary study suggest that the lower expression of PPARgamma rather than somatic mutations of this gene is involved in colonic tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bogazzi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Oncology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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32
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Abstract
Rapid progress in human genome decoding has accelerated search for the role of gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of complex multifactorial diseases. This review summarizes the results of recent studies on the associations of common gene variants with multifactorial chronic conditions strongly affected by nutritional factors. Three main individual sections discuss genes related to energy homeostasis regulation and obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. It is evident that several major chronic diseases are closely related (often through obesity) to deregulation of energy homeostasis. Multiple polymorphic genes encoding central and peripheral determinants of energy intake and expenditure have been revealed over the past decade. Food intake control may be affected by polymorphisms in the genes encoding taste receptors and a number of peripheral signaling peptides such as insulin, leptin, ghrelin, cholecystokinin, and corresponding receptors. Polymorphic central regulators of energy intake include hypothalamic neuropeptide Y, agouti-related protein, melanocortin pathway factors, CART (cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript), some other neuropeptides, and receptors for these molecules. Potentially important polymorphisms in the genes encoding energy expenditure modulators (alpha- and beta- adrenoceptors, uncoupling proteins, and regulators of adipocyte growth and differentiation) are also discussed. CVD-related gene polymorphisms comprising those involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, blood pressure regulation, hemostasis control, and homocysteine metabolism are considered in a separate section with emphasis on multiple polymorphisms affecting lipid transport and metabolism and their interactions with diet. Cancer-associated polymorphisms are discussed for groups of genes encoding enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism, DNA repair enzymes, factors involved in the cell cycle control, hormonal regulation-associated proteins, enzymes related to DNA methylation through folate metabolism, and angiogenesis-related factors. There is an apparent progress in the field with hundreds of new gene polymorphisms discovered and characterized, however firm evidence consistently linking them with pathogenesis of complex chronic diseases is still limited. Ways of improving the efficiency of candidate gene approach-based studies are discussed in a short separate section. Successful unraveling of interaction between dietary factors, polymorphisms, and pathogenesis of several multifactorial diseases is exemplified by studies of folate metabolism in relation to CVD and cancer. It appears that several new directions emerge as targets of research on the role of genetic variation in relation to diet and complex chronic diseases. Regulation of energy homeostasis is a fundamental problem insufficiently investigated in this context so far. Impacts of genetic variation on systems controlling angiogenesis, inflammatory reactions, and cell growth and differentiation (comprising regulation of the cell cycle, DNA repair, and DNA methylation) are also largely unknown and need thorough analysis. These goals can be achieved by complex simultaneous analysis of multiple polymorphic genes controlling carefully defined and selected elements of relevant metabolic and regulatory pathways in meticulously designed large-scale studies.
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Aldred MA, Morrison C, Gimm O, Hoang-Vu C, Krause U, Dralle H, Jhiang S, Eng C. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma is frequently downregulated in a diversity of sporadic nonmedullary thyroid carcinomas. Oncogene 2003; 22:3412-6. [PMID: 12776192 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) has previously been implicated in the pathogenesis of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), where a translocation with PAX8 has been reported in some 50% of tumors in three small series. The resultant fusion protein inhibits normal PPARgamma function by a dominant-negative mechanism. In a series of 19 FTCs, we identified this translocation in only two tumors (10.5%). However, microarray analysis and semiquantitative RT-PCR demonstrated greatly reduced PPARgamma expression in 13 of 17 (76%) nontranslocation tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis of 142 thyroid tumors showed a statistically significant reduction in PPARgamma immunoreactive protein, not only in FTCs but also in papillary thyroid carcinomas and Hurthle cell carcinomas. This suggests that while the overall frequency of the PAX8-PPARgamma translocation in FTCs may be lower than previously thought, functional downregulation of PPARgamma is a key event in multiple types of thyroid neoplasia and is a possible target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheala A Aldred
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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34
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Girnun GD, Smith WM, Drori S, Sarraf P, Mueller E, Eng C, Nambiar P, Rosenberg DW, Bronson RT, Edelmann W, Kucherlapati R, Gonzalez FJ, Spiegelman BM. APC-dependent suppression of colon carcinogenesis by PPARgamma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:13771-6. [PMID: 12370429 PMCID: PMC129773 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.162480299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of PPARgamma by synthetic ligands, such as thiazolidinediones, stimulates adipogenesis and improves insulin sensitivity. Although thiazolidinediones represent a major therapy for type 2 diabetes, conflicting studies showing that these agents can increase or decrease colonic tumors in mice have raised concerns about the role of PPARgamma in colon cancer. To analyze critically the role of this receptor, we have used mice heterozygous for Ppargamma with both chemical and genetic models of this malignancy. Heterozygous loss of PPARgamma causes an increase in beta-catenin levels and a greater incidence of colon cancer when animals are treated with azoxymethane. However, mice with preexisting damage to Apc, a regulator of beta-catenin, develop tumors in a manner insensitive to the status of PPARgamma. These data show that PPARgamma can suppress beta-catenin levels and colon carcinogenesis but only before damage to the APC/beta-catenin pathway. This finding suggests a potentially important use for PPARgamma ligands as chemopreventative agents in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey D Girnun
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, One Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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