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Zhong C, Chen YL, Yu XX, Yang Q, Shi YQ, Tan LW, Wang AS, Wu DQ, Zhang GF, Yang HP, Li Q, Wang M. [Analysis of etiology and complications in children with stage 5 chronic kidney disease]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2023; 61:1109-1117. [PMID: 38018048 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20230728-00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the etiology, complications, and prognostic factors of stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD5) in children. Methods: A case series study was conducted to retrospectively analyze the general situation, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, genetic testing, and follow-up data (until October 2022) of 174 children with CKD5 who were diagnosed and hospitalized at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from April 2012 to April 2021. The characteristics of complications in the children were compared based on age, gender, and etiology. Based on the presence or absence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), patients were divided into LVH group and non LVH group for analyzing the influencing factors of cardiovascular disease. Patients were also divided into death group and survival group, peritoneal dialysis group and hemodialysis group based on the follow-up data for analyzing the prognostic factors. The chi-square test, independent sample t-test, Fisher exact probability test, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test were used to analyze data among different groups. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the prognostic factors. Results: A total of 174 children with CKD5 were enrolled in the study (96 boys and 78 girls), aged 11.2 (8.2, 13.0) years. Congenital kidney and urinary tract malformations (CAKUT) were the most common causes of the CKD5 (84 cases, 48.3%), followed by glomerular diseases (83 cases, 47.7%), and among which 28 cases (16.1%) were hereditary glomerular diseases. The common complications of CKD5 included anemia (98.2%, 165/168), mineral and bone disorder in chronic kidney disease (CKD-MBD) (97.7%, 170/174), lipid metabolism disorders (87.5%, 63/72), hypertension (81.4%, 127/156) and LVH (57.6%,57/99). The incidences of hypertension in primary glomerular disease were higher than that in CAKUT(93.8%(30/32) vs.73.7%(56/76),χ2=5.59,P<0.05). The incidences of hypertension in secondary glomerular disease were higher than that in CAKUT and that in hereditary kidney disease (100.0%(20/20) vs. 73.7%(56/76), 68.2%(15/22), both P<0.05). The incidence of hypocalcemia in CAKUT, primary glomerular disease, and hereditary kidney disease was higher than that in secondary glomerular disease (82.1%(69/84), 88.2%(30/34), 89.3%(25/28) vs. 47.6%(10/21), χ2=10.21, 10.75, 10.80, all P=0.001); the incidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism in women was higher than that in men (80.0%(64/80) vs. 95.0%(57/60), χ2=6.58, P=0.010). The incidence of LVH in children aged 6-<12 was higher than that in children aged 12-18 (73.5%(25/34) vs. 43.1%(22/51), χ2=7.62, P=0.006). Among 113 follow-up children, the mortality rate was 39.8% (45/113). Compared to the survival group, the children in the death group had lower hemoglobin, higher blood pressure, lower albumin, lower alkaline phosphatase and higher left ventricular mass index ((67±19) vs. (75±20) g/L, 142 (126, 154) vs. 128(113, 145) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), (91±21) vs. (82±22) mmHg, 32 (26, 41) vs. 40 (31, 43) g/L, 151 (82, 214) vs. 215 (129, 37) U/L, 48 (38, 66) vs. 38(32, 50) g/m2.7,t=2.03, Z=2.89, t=2.70, Z=2.49, 2.79, 2.29,all P<0.05), but no independent risk factors were identified (all P>0.05). The peritoneal dialysis group had better alleviation for anemia, low calcium, and high phosphorus than the hemodialysis group ((87±22) vs. (72±16) g/L, (1.9±0.5) vs. (1.7±0.4) mmol/L, (2.2±0.7) vs. (2.8±0.9) mmol/L, t=2.92, 2.29, 2.82, all P<0.05), and the survival rate of the peritoneal dialysis group was significantly higher than that of the hemodialysis group (77.8% (28/36) vs. 48.4% (30/62), χ2=8.14, P=0.004). Conclusions: CAKUT is the most common etiology in children with CKD 5, and anemia is the most common complication. The incidence of complications in children with CKD 5 varies with age, gender and etiology. Anemia, hypertension, hypoalbuminemia, reduced alkaline phosphatase and elevated LVMI may be the prognostic factors in children with CKD5. Peritoneal dialysis may be more beneficial for improving the long-term survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Y L Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - X X Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Q Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Y Q Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - L W Tan
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - A S Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - D Q Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - G F Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - H P Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Q Li
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - M Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
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Shi J, Kraft P, Rosner BA, Benavente Y, Black A, Brinton LA, Chen C, Clarke MA, Cook LS, Costas L, Dal Maso L, Freudenheim JL, Frias-Gomez J, Friedenreich CM, Garcia-Closas M, Goodman MT, Johnson L, La Vecchia C, Levi F, Lissowska J, Lu L, McCann SE, Moysich KB, Negri E, O'Connell K, Parazzini F, Petruzella S, Polesel J, Ponte J, Rebbeck TR, Reynolds P, Ricceri F, Risch HA, Sacerdote C, Setiawan VW, Shu XO, Spurdle AB, Trabert B, Webb PM, Wentzensen N, Wilkens LR, Xu WH, Yang HP, Yu H, Du M, De Vivo I. Risk prediction models for endometrial cancer: development and validation in an international consortium. J Natl Cancer Inst 2023; 115:552-559. [PMID: 36688725 PMCID: PMC10165481 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial cancer risk stratification may help target interventions, screening, or prophylactic hysterectomy to mitigate the rising burden of this cancer. However, existing prediction models have been developed in select cohorts and have not considered genetic factors. METHODS We developed endometrial cancer risk prediction models using data on postmenopausal White women aged 45-85 years from 19 case-control studies in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium (E2C2). Relative risk estimates for predictors were combined with age-specific endometrial cancer incidence rates and estimates for the underlying risk factor distribution. We externally validated the models in 3 cohorts: Nurses' Health Study (NHS), NHS II, and the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. RESULTS Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the epidemiologic model ranged from 0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.62 to 0.67) to 0.69 (95% CI = 0.66 to 0.72). Improvements in discrimination from the addition of genetic factors were modest (no change in area under the receiver operating characteristic curves in NHS; PLCO = 0.64 to 0.66). The epidemiologic model was well calibrated in NHS II (overall expected-to-observed ratio [E/O] = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.98 to 1.22) and PLCO (overall E/O = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.95 to 1.13) but poorly calibrated in NHS (overall E/O = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.51 to 0.59). CONCLUSIONS Using data from the largest, most heterogeneous study population to date (to our knowledge), prediction models based on epidemiologic factors alone successfully identified women at high risk of endometrial cancer. Genetic factors offered limited improvements in discrimination. Further work is needed to refine this tool for clinical or public health practice and expand these models to multiethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard A Rosner
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yolanda Benavente
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Louise A Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chu Chen
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Megan A Clarke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Linda S Cook
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Heath, University of Colorado-Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Laura Costas
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luigino Dal Maso
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Aviano, Italy
| | - Jo L Freudenheim
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jon Frias-Gomez
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Marc T Goodman
- Community and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Johnson
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Levi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Susan E McCann
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kelli O'Connell
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fabio Parazzini
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stacey Petruzella
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Aviano, Italy
| | - Jeanette Ponte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Population Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peggy Reynolds
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | - Veronica W Setiawan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Britton Trabert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Penelope M Webb
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Wang Hong Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Hannah P Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Herbert Yu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Mengmeng Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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3
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Harvey SV, Wentzensen N, Bertrand K, Black A, Brinton LA, Chen C, Costas L, Dal Maso L, De Vivo I, Du M, Garcia-Closas M, Goodman MT, Gorzelitz J, Johnson L, Lacey JV, Liao L, Lipworth L, Lissowska J, Miller AB, O'Connell K, O'Mara TA, Ou X, Palmer JR, Patel AV, Paytubi S, Pelegrina B, Petruzella S, Prizment A, Rohan T, Sandin S, Setiawan VW, Sinha R, Trabert B, Webb PM, Wilkens LR, Xu W, Yang HP, Zheng W, Clarke MA. Associations of life course obesity with endometrial cancer in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium (E2C2). Int J Epidemiol 2023:7111259. [PMID: 37029916 PMCID: PMC10396409 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult obesity is a strong risk factor for endometrial cancer (EC); however, associations of early life obesity with EC are inconclusive. We evaluated associations of young adulthood (18-21 years) and adulthood (at enrolment) body mass index (BMI) and weight change with EC risk in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium (E2C2). METHODS We pooled data from nine case-control and 11 cohort studies in E2C2. We performed multivariable logistic regression analyses to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for BMI (kg/m2) in young adulthood and adulthood, with adjustment for BMI in adulthood and young adulthood, respectively. We evaluated categorical changes in weight (5-kg increments) and BMI from young adulthood to adulthood, and stratified analyses by histology, menopausal status, race and ethnicity, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use and diabetes. RESULTS We included 14 859 cases and 40 859 controls. Obesity in adulthood (OR = 2.85, 95% CI = 2.47-3.29) and young adulthood (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.06-1.50) were positively associated with EC risk. Weight gain and BMI gain were positively associated with EC; weight loss was inversely associated with EC. Young adulthood obesity was more strongly associated with EC among cases diagnosed with endometrioid histology, those who were pre/perimenopausal, non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black, among never HRT users and non-diabetics. CONCLUSIONS Young adulthood obesity is associated with EC risk, even after accounting for BMI in adulthood. Weight gain is also associated with EC risk, whereas weight loss is inversely associated. Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight over the life course is important for EC prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer V Harvey
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Louise A Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Chu Chen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura Costas
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luigino Dal Maso
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mengmeng Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Marc T Goodman
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Gorzelitz
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa Johnson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James V Lacey
- Division of Health Analytics, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Linda Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Loren Lipworth
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anthony B Miller
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kelli O'Connell
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tracy A O'Mara
- Cancer Research Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiao Ou
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center, at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alpa V Patel
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sonia Paytubi
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pelegrina
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stacey Petruzella
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna Prizment
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Thomas Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sven Sandin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronica Wendy Setiawan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Britton Trabert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Penelope M Webb
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Wanghong Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Hannah P Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Megan A Clarke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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Tan DD, Liu YD, Fan YB, Wei CJ, Song DY, Yang HP, Pan H, Cui WL, Mao SS, Xu XP, Yu XL, Cui B, Xiong H. [Clinical and genetic characteristics of 9 rare cases with coexistence of dual genetic diagnoses]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2023; 61:345-350. [PMID: 37011981 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20220922-00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the clinical and genetic characteristics of pediatric patients with dual genetic diagnoses (DGD). Methods: Clinical and genetic data of pediatric patients with DGD from January 2021 to February 2022 in Peking University First Hospital were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results: Among the 9 children, 6 were boys and 3 were girls. The age of last visit or follow-up was 5.0 (2.7,6.8) years. The main clinical manifestations included motor retardation, mental retardation, multiple malformations, and skeletal deformity. Cases 1-4 were all all boys, showed myopathic gait, poor running and jumping, and significantly increased level of serum creatine kinase. Disease-causing variations in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene were confirmed by genetic testing. The 4 children were diagnosed with DMD or Becker muscular dystrophy combined with a second genetic disease, including hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, spinal muscular atrophy, fragile X syndrome, and cerebral cavernous malformations type 3, respectively. Cases 5-9 were clinically and genetically diagnosed as COL9A1 gene-related multiple epiphyseal dysplasia type 6 combined with NF1 gene-related neurofibromatosis type 1, COL6A3 gene-related Bethlem myopathy with WNT1 gene-related osteogenesis imperfecta type XV, Turner syndrome (45, X0/46, XX chimera) with TH gene-related Segawa syndrome, Chromosome 22q11.2 microduplication syndrome with DYNC1H1 gene-related autosomal dominant lower extremity-predominant spinal muscular atrophy-1, and ANKRD11 gene-related KBG syndrome combined with IRF2BPL gene-related neurodevelopmental disorder with regression, abnormal movement, language loss and epilepsy. DMD was the most common, and there were 6 autosomal dominant diseases caused by de novo heterozygous pathogenic variations. Conclusions: Pediatric patients with coexistence of double genetic diagnoses show complex phenotypes. When the clinical manifestations and progression are not fully consistent with the diagnosed rare genetic disease, a second rare genetic disease should be considered, and autosomal dominant diseases caused by de novo heterozygous pathogenic variation should be paid attention to. Trio-based whole-exome sequencing combining a variety of molecular genetic tests would be helpful for precise diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Y D Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Y B Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - C J Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - D Y Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - H P Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - H Pan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - W L Cui
- Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450053, China
| | - S S Mao
- Department of Neurology, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - X P Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - X L Yu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - B Cui
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - H Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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Zhu YD, Li WX, Cui MZ, Wang H, Yang HP, Zhai ST. [Study on the comparative analysis of the efficacy of transmesenteric vein extrahepatic portosystemic shunt and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in the treatment of cavernous transformation of portal vein]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2023; 31:90-95. [PMID: 36948855 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20221002-00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of transmesenteric vein extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TEPS) and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in the treatment of cavernous transformation of the portal vein (CTPV). Methods: The clinical data of CTPV patients with patency or partial patency of the superior mesenteric vein treated with TIPS or TEPS treatment in the Department of Vascular Surgery of Henan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected. The differences in baseline data, surgical success rate, complication rate, incidence rate of hepatic encephalopathy, and other related indicators between TIPS and TEPS group were statistically analyzed by independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to calculate the cumulative patency rate of the shunt and the recurrence rate of postoperative portal hypertension symptoms in both groups. Results: The surgical success rate (100% vs. 65.52%), surgical complication rate (6.67% vs. 36.84%), cumulative shunt patency rate (100% vs. 70.70%), and cumulative symptom recurrence rate (0% vs. 25.71%) of the TEPS group and TIPS group were statistically significantly different (P < 0.05). The time of establishing the shunt [28 (2141) min vs. 82 (51206) min], the number of stents used [1 (12) vs. 2 (15)], and the length of the shunt [10 (912) cm vs. 16 (1220) cm] were statistically significant between the two groups (t = -3.764, -4.059, -1.765, P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative hepatic encephalopathy in the TEPS group and TIPS group was 6.67% and 15.79% respectively, with no statistically significant difference (Fisher's exact probability method, P = 0.613). The pressure of superior mesenteric vein decreased from (29.33 ± 1.99) mmHg to (14.60 ± 2.80) mmHg in the TEPS group and from (29.68 ± 2.31) mmHg to (15.79 ± 3.01) mmHg in TIPS group after surgery, and the difference was statistically significant (t = 16.625, 15.959, P < 0.01). Conclusion: The best indication of TEPS is in CTPV patients with patency or partial patency of the superior mesenteric vein. TEPS improves the accuracy and success rate of surgery and reduces the incidence of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D Zhu
- Departent of Vascular Surgery, Henan University People's Hospital(Henan Provincial People's Hospital), Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - W X Li
- Departent of Vascular Surgery, Henan University People's Hospital(Henan Provincial People's Hospital), Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - M Z Cui
- Departent of Vascular Surgery, Henan University People's Hospital(Henan Provincial People's Hospital), Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - H Wang
- Departent of Vascular Surgery, Henan University People's Hospital(Henan Provincial People's Hospital), Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - H P Yang
- Departent of Vascular Surgery, Henan University People's Hospital(Henan Provincial People's Hospital), Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - S T Zhai
- Departent of Vascular Surgery, Henan University People's Hospital(Henan Provincial People's Hospital), Zhengzhou 450003, China
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Jiang YR, Wang M, Wan JL, Zhang GF, Yang HP, Li Q. [Genotype-phenotype analysis and prognosis in children with primary distal renal tubular acidosis]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2022; 60:700-705. [PMID: 35768359 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20211212-01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between genotypes and clinical phenotypes of primary distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) in children. Methods: Clinical information, genetic testing information and follow-up data (until March 2021) of children with dRTA from Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (from January 2010 to December 2020) were analyzed retrospectively. According to different pathogenic genes, patients were divided into SLC4A1 gene and ATP6V0A4+ATP6V1B1 gene groups. Age at onset, clinical manifestations and laboratory findings were compared. Self-comparisons of height standard deviation score (HtSDS), weight standard deviation score (WtSDS), blood pH and serum potassium before and after treatment were tested. T-test, Fisher's exact test and rank sum test were used to analyze among groups. Results: Among 27 children with dRTA (16 boys and 11 girls), the age of onset was 33.4 (10.0, 36.0) months.There were 22 patients (81%) with SLC4A1 gene variation, 3 patients (11%) with ATP6V1B1 gene variation and 2 patients (8%) with ATP6V0A4 gene variation. Totally 22 patients (81%) with renal calcium deposition, 19 patients (70%) hypokalemia, 18 patients (67%) short stature, 16 patients (59%) malnutrition, 16 patients (59%) rickets, and 15 patients (56%) polydipsia and polyuria. Noteworthily, the genotyping results indicated that the age at onset in SLC4A1 gene group was older than that in ATP6V0A4+ATP6V1B1 gene group, with a statistically significant difference (27.3 (12.0, 36.0) vs. 8.2 (2.5, 15.0) months, H=6.33, P=0.012). However, there were no significant differences in clinical manifestations or laboratory test results (all P>0.05). Furthermore, the course of disease was 3.9 (1.3, 6.0) years and the follow-up period was 3.1 (1.0, 4.5) years in 27 patients. In addition, there were no significant differences in recovery rate of clinical manifestations and last laboratory findings between SLC4A1 gene group and ATP6V0A4+ATP6V1B1 gene group (all P>0.05). HtSDS and WtSDS of those patients significantly increased after treatment (-3.2±1.9 vs. -2.1±1.1, -2.5±1.5 vs. 0±1.9, t=-2.94, -5.44, both P<0.01). Serum K+ and blood pH were restored eventually ((3.2±0.5) vs. (4.0±0.5) mmol/L, 7.27±0.07 vs. 7.37±0.07, t=-4.92, -5.25, both P<0.01). Totally 14 patients had normalized serum potassium, 12 patients had normalized blood pH, but only 4 patients had normalized serum bicarbonate concentration and normal base excess. Conclusions: The age of onset of patients who had SLC4A1 gene mutation was older than that of patients with ATP6V0A4 gene and ATP6V1B1 gene mutations. However, there was no obvious correlation between the condition and prognosis of the dRTA patients and pathogenic genes. Early diagnosis, early treatment, regular follow-up and timely adjustment of the dosage of medication can significantly improve the prognosis of dRTA in children. Serum bicarbonate concentration and actual base excess might not be the necessory indicators to assess clinical recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - M Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - J L Wan
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - G F Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - H P Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Q Li
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
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Mi RH, Chen L, Yang HP, Wei XL, Liu J, Yin QS, Zhang LN, Wei XD. [Clinical efficacy and safety of flumatinib combined with multidrug chemotherapy in the treatment of 12 cases with Ph(+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2021; 42:858-861. [PMID: 34788927 PMCID: PMC8607012 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R H Mi
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - L Chen
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - H P Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - X L Wei
- The First People's Hospital of Xinxiang City, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - J Liu
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Q S Yin
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - L N Zhang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - X D Wei
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
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Xiao H, Zhang GF, Yang HP, Chen YX, Wang M, Li Q. [Mechanism of scavenger receptor-A in high glucose-induced inflammatory injury of mesangial cells]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2021; 59:393-399. [PMID: 33902224 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20201126-01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of high glucose on scavenger receptor-A (SR-A) in human glomerular mesangial cells (HMC) and explore the mechanism of inflammatory injury mediated by SR-A in HMC cultured in high-glucose medium. Methods: According to the concentration of D-glucose in culture medium, HMC were divided into normal glucose group (5.5 mmol/L) and high glucose group (30 mmol/L), with mannitol group as hypertonic control. High glucose group was transfected with SR-A small interfering RNA (siSR-A) and the transfection control (siNC) group were set up. Western blotting technology was used to detect the levels of SR-A, NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) protein. Immunofluorescent staining was applied to measure the SR-A in HMC. The mRNA of NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, FN, ColⅣ, α-SMA and GRP78 were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The relative activity of Caspase-1 was detected by enzyme method and the concentration of IL-1β in culture medium was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Flow cytometry was used to measure the cell cycles of HMC. One-way ANOVA and SNK-q test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The protein level of SR-A in high glucose group was higher than that in normal glucose group and mannitol group (1.23±0.21 vs. 0.68±0.10, 1.23±0.21 vs. 0.78±0.13, all P<0.05). In addition, mean fluorescence intensity of SR-A, protein levels of NLRP3 and IL-1β, mRNA of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β, relative activity of Caspase-1 as well as the concentration of IL-1β in high glucose group were all significantly higher than those in normal glucose group and mannitol group (all P<0.05).After transfection induced silencing, SR-A protein in high glucose siNC group was higher than that in high glucose siSR-A group and normal glucose siNC group (1.23±0.10 vs. 0.20±0.01, 1.23±0.10 vs. 0.87±0.01, all P<0.01). In high glucose siNC group, the NLRP3, IL-1β proteins, the NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β mRNA, all of the mRNA levels of FN, ColⅣ, α-SMA, GRP78 and the proportion of DNA synthesis phase were all higher than those in high glucose siSR-A group and normal glucose siNC group (all P<0.05). Conclusion: High glucose can promote abnormal cell proliferation, increase mesangial matrix production and enhance oxidative stress response through upregulating SR-A expression, and ultimately aggravate cellular inflammatory damage in HMC, which may be associated with NLRP3-Caspase-1-IL-1β pathway regulated by SR-A expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - G F Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - H P Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Y X Chen
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism on Lipid and Glucose, Center for Lipid Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - M Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Q Li
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing 400014, China
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Peng Y, Zhang YY, Wang SC, Wu JB, Tong FZ, Liu P, Cao YM, Zhou B, Cheng L, Liu M, Liu HJ, Guo JJ, Xie F, Yang HP, Wang SY, Wang CB, Wang S. [Prognosis analysis of local recurrence after excision of breast phyllodes tumors]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2021; 59:116-120. [PMID: 33378803 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20201012-00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To examine treatment outcomes of breast phyllodes tumors and the prognosis factors of local recurrence. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 276 patients who underwent surgical resection at Breast Center, Peking University People's Hospital from January 2011 to December 2019. Tumor subtype and histopathological features were determined from pathology reports, and the deadline of follow-up was September 30th, 2020. All 276 patients underwent open surgery, including 17 patients of mastectomy, and 259 patients of lumpectomy. The enrolled patients were all female, with age of (41.5±11.3) years (rang: 11 to 76 years), and tumor diameter of 35(28) mm (M(QR)). The Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test were used for survival analysis. The multivariate analysis was implemented using the Cox proportional hazard model. Results: According the pathologic test, there were 191 patients of benign phyllodes tumor, 67 patients of borderline tumor and 18 patients of malignant tumor. There were 249 patients with a follow-up of more than 6 months, and 14.1% (35/249) had local recurrence. The time-to-recurrence was (28.6±22.2) months (range: 2 to 96 months), (29.1±18.1) months (range: 2 to 80 months), (32.1±30.1) months (range: 5 to 96 months) and (12.0±6.9) months (range: 8 to 20 months) for benign, borderline and malignant phyllodes tumors. Tumor diameter (≥100 mm vs.<50 mm, HR=3.968, 95%CI: 1.550 to 10.158, P=0.004) and malignant heterologous element (yes vs. no, HR=26.933, 95%CI: 3.105 to 233.600, P=0.003) were prognosis factors of local recurrence. One death from malignant phyllodes occurred after distant metastasis. The 3-year disease-free survival rates of benign, borderline and malignant phyllodes tumor were 88.2%, 81.7% and 81.4% (P=0.300). Conclusion: Phyllodes tumors have a considerable local recurrence rate, which may be associated with tumor diameter and malignant heterologous element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Peng
- Breast Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Y Y Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - S C Wang
- Breast Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - J B Wu
- Breast Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - F Z Tong
- Breast Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - P Liu
- Breast Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Y M Cao
- Breast Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - B Zhou
- Breast Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - L Cheng
- Breast Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - M Liu
- Breast Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - H J Liu
- Breast Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - J J Guo
- Breast Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - F Xie
- Breast Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - H P Yang
- Breast Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - S Y Wang
- Breast Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - C B Wang
- Breast Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - S Wang
- Breast Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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Kho PF, Amant F, Annibali D, Ashton K, Attia J, Auer PL, Beckmann MW, Black A, Brinton L, Buchanan DD, Chanock SJ, Chen C, Chen MM, Cheng THT, Cook LS, Crous-Bous M, Czene K, De Vivo I, Dennis J, Dörk T, Dowdy SC, Dunning AM, Dürst M, Easton DF, Ekici AB, Fasching PA, Fridley BL, Friedenreich CM, García-Closas M, Gaudet MM, Giles GG, Goode EL, Gorman M, Haiman CA, Hall P, Hankinson SE, Hein A, Hillemanns P, Hodgson S, Hoivik EA, Holliday EG, Hunter DJ, Jones A, Kraft P, Krakstad C, Lambrechts D, Le Marchand L, Liang X, Lindblom A, Lissowska J, Long J, Lu L, Magliocco AM, Martin L, McEvoy M, Milne RL, Mints M, Nassir R, Otton G, Palles C, Pooler L, Proietto T, Rebbeck TR, Renner SP, Risch HA, Rübner M, Runnebaum I, Sacerdote C, Sarto GE, Schumacher F, Scott RJ, Setiawan VW, Shah M, Sheng X, Shu XO, Southey MC, Tham E, Tomlinson I, Trovik J, Turman C, Tyrer JP, Van Den Berg D, Wang Z, Wentzensen N, Xia L, Xiang YB, Yang HP, Yu H, Zheng W, Webb PM, Thompson DJ, Spurdle AB, Glubb DM, O'Mara TA. Mendelian randomization analyses suggest a role for cholesterol in the development of endometrial cancer. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:307-319. [PMID: 32851660 PMCID: PMC7757859 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Blood lipids have been associated with the development of a range of cancers, including breast, lung and colorectal cancer. For endometrial cancer, observational studies have reported inconsistent associations between blood lipids and cancer risk. To reduce biases from unmeasured confounding, we performed a bidirectional, two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate the relationship between levels of three blood lipids (low-density lipoprotein [LDL] and high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol, and triglycerides) and endometrial cancer risk. Genetic variants associated with each of these blood lipid levels (P < 5 × 10-8 ) were identified as instrumental variables, and assessed using genome-wide association study data from the Endometrial Cancer Association Consortium (12 906 cases and 108 979 controls) and the Global Lipids Genetic Consortium (n = 188 578). Mendelian randomization analyses found genetically raised LDL cholesterol levels to be associated with lower risks of endometrial cancer of all histologies combined, and of endometrioid and non-endometrioid subtypes. Conversely, higher genetically predicted HDL cholesterol levels were associated with increased risk of non-endometrioid endometrial cancer. After accounting for the potential confounding role of obesity (as measured by genetic variants associated with body mass index), the association between genetically predicted increased LDL cholesterol levels and lower endometrial cancer risk remained significant, especially for non-endometrioid endometrial cancer. There was no evidence to support a role for triglycerides in endometrial cancer development. Our study supports a role for LDL and HDL cholesterol in the development of non-endometrioid endometrial cancer. Further studies are required to understand the mechanisms underlying these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pik-Fang Kho
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Frederic Amant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniela Annibali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katie Ashton
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Information Based Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul L. Auer
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Louise Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel D. Buchanan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chu Chen
- Epidemiology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Maxine M. Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy H. T. Cheng
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Linda S. Cook
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marta Crous-Bous
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sean C. Dowdy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthias Dürst
- Department of Gynaecology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arif B. Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brooke L. Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Christine M. Friedenreich
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mia M. Gaudet
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ellen L. Goode
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Maggie Gorman
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susan E. Hankinson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Alexander Hein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Shirley Hodgson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Erling A. Hoivik
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elizabeth G. Holliday
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David J. Hunter
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Angela Jones
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Camilla Krakstad
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Xiaolin Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center, Oncology Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Anthony M. Magliocco
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Lynn Martin
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark McEvoy
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Miriam Mints
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rami Nassir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Geoffrey Otton
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claire Palles
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Loreall Pooler
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tony Proietto
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy R. Rebbeck
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stefan P. Renner
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harvey A. Risch
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Matthias Rübner
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingo Runnebaum
- Department of Gynaecology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO-Peimonte), Turin, Italy
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Turin, Italy
| | - Gloria E. Sarto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rodney J. Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Pathology North, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - V. Wendy Setiawan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xin Sheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Tham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Genetics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jone Trovik
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Constance Turman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan P. Tyrer
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Van Den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lucy Xia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hannah P. Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Herbert Yu
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Penelope M. Webb
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Deborah J. Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amanda B. Spurdle
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dylan M. Glubb
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tracy A. O'Mara
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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11
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Chen GW, Yang HP, Fan LK, Chen CQ, Yu LL. [Exploration and application of occupational disease risk assessment model based on information diffusion theory]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2020; 37:810-814. [PMID: 31826543 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To research build a kind of occupational disease risk assessment model which provides scientific basis for prevention and control of occupational diseases. Methods: Based on the principle of information diffusion, this paper uses spread function to extend the incomplete gathered information, establishes the mapping relationship between observation samples and risk probability distributions, and constructs the occupational disease risk assessment model, to analyzes the risk data of occupational disease reported cases in Guangdong Province in the past five years. Results: Through evaluation analysis, every year, 200-300 cases of pneumoconiosis probability is 67.77%, 100-200 cases of occupational poisoning probability is 68.52%, 20-40 cases of occupational cancers probability is 71.62%, each year, the incidence of occupation otorhinolaryngology and oral diseases in 200 cases was 62.23%. Conclusion: A model of occupational disease risk assessment based on information diffusion theory is constructed, the evaluation result is basically consistent with the actual situation of occupational disease, which can provide reference for occupational disease prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Chen
- Shaoguan Institute for Occupational Health and Health Education.Shaoguan 512000, China
| | - H P Yang
- Shaoguan Institute for Occupational Health and Health Education.Shaoguan 512000, China
| | - L K Fan
- Shaoguan Institute for Occupational Health and Health Education.Shaoguan 512000, China
| | - C Q Chen
- Shaoguan Institute for Occupational Health and Health Education.Shaoguan 512000, China
| | - L L Yu
- Medicine college of Shaoguan University. Shaoguan 512000, China
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12
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Gong P, Xue J, Qian P, Yang HP, Zhang YH, Jiang YW, Yang ZX. [Electroclinical characteristics of epilepsy children with midline epileptiform discharges related epileptic negative myoclonus as the first symptom]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2019; 57:943-949. [PMID: 31795561 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the electroclinical findings in epilepsy children with epileptic negative myoclonus (ENM) restricted to the lower limb as the first seizure type. Methods: Each retrieved electroencephalogram record performed between March 2011 and March 2018 at the Department of Pediatrics of Peking University First Hospital was searched with "midline" . There were 302 records of 175 patients with "benign" or "functional" midline spikes. A retrospective review of each patient's hospital record was performed. Thirteen patients had ENM restricted to the lower limb as the first seizure type. The clinical and electroencephalogram characteristics of them were analyzed. Results: Thirteen patients manifested ENM restricted to the lower limb as the first seizure type, diagnosed as benign childhood focal epilepsy with vertex spikes (BEVS). Six patients had ENM as the first and only seizure type during the short-time follow-up. Among them, there were 1 male and 5 females. The age at seizure onset was (2.5±0.7) years. One of them had electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES) identified on electroencephalogram at theage of 4 years and 8 months. The last follow-up age was (3.8±1.5) years. The remaining 7 patients developed nocturnal focal motor seizures. Among them, there were 4 males and 3 females. The age at seizure onset was (3.5±0.7) years. Two of them were diagnosed as BEVS evolving into benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) and 5 were diagnosed as BEVS concurring with BECTS. The age at focal seizures was (4.1±0.6) years. The interval ranged from 1 month to 1 years. Six of 7 patients had electrical ESES with the age of (5.2±1.0) years. All had developmental regression, further diagnosed as atypical benign partial epilepsy (ABPE). The median age at last follow-up was 5.9 years. Five of 13 patients had repeated electroencephalogram records at our apartment, showing that epileptiform discharges in midline regions were significantly reduced either in frequency or amplitude with the improvement of ENM restricted to the lower limb and that independent epileptiform discharges in Rolandic regions from midline regions were noticed with the onset of nocturnal focal seizures. Conclusions: ENM restricted to the lower limb has a close association with vertex (midline) epileptiform discharges. ENM restricted to the lower limb as the first seizure type is a peculiar phenomenon of BEVS. Some patients could evolve into BECTS or overlap with BECTS, and further into ABPE. The age of seizure onset in BEVS with ENM restricted to the lower limb as the first symptom is a little earlier than in BECTS. Ignorance of the close association between midline spikes and ENM restricted to the lower limb may lead to misdiagnosis of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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13
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Davis Lynn BC, Bodelon C, Pfeiffer RM, Yang HP, Yang HH, Lee M, Laird PW, Campan M, Weisenberger DJ, Murphy J, Sampson JN, Browne EP, Anderton DL, Sherman ME, Arcaro KF, Gierach GL. Differences in Genome-wide DNA Methylation Profiles in Breast Milk by Race and Lactation Duration. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 12:781-790. [PMID: 31481539 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Black women in the United States are disproportionately affected by early-onset, triple-negative breast cancer. DNA methylation has shown differences by race in healthy and tumor breast tissues. We examined associations between genome-wide DNA methylation levels in breast milk and breast cancer risk factors, including race, to explain how this reproductive stage influences a woman's risk for, and potentially contributes to racial disparities in, breast cancer. Breast milk samples and demographic, behavioral, and reproductive data, were obtained from cancer-free, uniparous, and lactating U.S. black (n = 57) and white (n = 82) women, ages 19-44. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis was performed on extracted breast milk DNA using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Statistically significant associations between breast cancer risk factors and DNA methylation beta values, adjusting for potential confounders, were determined using linear regression followed by Bonferroni Correction (P < 1.63 × 10-7). Epigenetic analysis in breast milk revealed statistically significant associations with race and lactation duration. Of the 284 CpG sites associated with race, 242 were hypermethylated in black women. All 227 CpG sites associated with lactation duration were hypomethylated in women who lactated longer. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of differentially methylated promoter region CpGs by race and lactation duration revealed enrichment for networks implicated in carcinogenesis. Associations between DNA methylation and lactation duration may offer insight on its role in lowering breast cancer risk. Epigenetic associations with race may mediate social, behavioral, or other factors related to breast cancer and may provide insight into potential mechanisms underlying racial disparities in breast cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter W Laird
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Mihaela Campan
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Jeanne Murphy
- NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.,George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | | | - Eva P Browne
- University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
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Trabert B, Coburn SB, Mariani A, Yang HP, Rosenberg PS, Gierach GL, Wentzensen N, Cronin KA, Sherman ME. Reported Incidence and Survival of Fallopian Tube Carcinomas: A Population-Based Analysis From the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. J Natl Cancer Inst 2019; 110:750-757. [PMID: 29281053 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recognition that serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) may represent the first manifestation of many high-grade cancers that were once considered ovarian primary tumors has led to changes in diagnostic practices that could dramatically increase the reporting of tubal carcinomas in US population-based cancer registries. Further, increased detection of early-stage tubal carcinomas through increased recognition coupled with meticulous pathology processing protocols raises important unanswered questions about the clinical behavior of such lesions, which can only be answered using large data sets. However, rates of tubal carcinomas have not been recently analyzed. Accordingly, we analyzed population-based incidence and survival data for fallopian tube carcinoma in situ (CIS; an imperfect surrogate of STIC), tubal carcinomas, and for comparison, ovarian carcinomas, in the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) registries. Methods Total counts, standardized incidence rates, and stage-specific survival were computed using 30 NAACCR registries (1999-2012). Temporal incidence rate patterns were analyzed by joinpoint regression with estimates of annual percentage change (APC). All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Fallopian tube CIS incidence rates were stable from 1999 to 2002, then increased from 2002 to 2012 (APC = 16.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 10.9% to 21.7%, P < .001). Rates of early- and late-stage tubal carcinomas showed similar patterns, whereas high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma rates were relatively stable. Five-year cause-specific survival was 97.9% (95% CI = 93.7% to 99.3%) for tubal CIS and 83.2% (95% CI = 77.3% to 87.7%) for early-stage high-grade serous tubal carcinoma. Conclusions Reporting of tubal CIS and tubal carcinoma have increased in recent years, likely reflecting changes in pathology processing of specimens and diagnosis. Developing standardized reporting for tubal neoplasms is needed to enable analysis of outcomes for these comparatively uncommon but increasingly recognized tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britton Trabert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sally B Coburn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Andrea Mariani
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Hannah P Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Philip S Rosenberg
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Gretchen L Gierach
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kathy A Cronin
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
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15
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Fortner RT, Poole EM, Wentzensen NA, Trabert B, White E, Arslan AA, Patel AV, Setiawan VW, Visvanathan K, Weiderpass E, Adami HO, Black A, Bernstein L, Brinton LA, Buring J, Clendenen TV, Fournier A, Fraser G, Gapstur SM, Gaudet MM, Giles GG, Gram IT, Hartge P, Hoffman-Bolton J, Idahl A, Kaaks R, Kirsh VA, Knutsen S, Koh WP, Lacey JV, Lee IM, Lundin E, Merritt MA, Milne RL, Onland-Moret NC, Peters U, Poynter JN, Rinaldi S, Robien K, Rohan T, Sánchez MJ, Schairer C, Schouten LJ, Tjonneland A, Townsend MK, Travis RC, Trichopoulou A, van den Brandt PA, Vineis P, Wilkens L, Wolk A, Yang HP, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Tworoger SS. Ovarian cancer risk factors by tumor aggressiveness: An analysis from the Ovarian Cancer Cohort Consortium. Int J Cancer 2019. [PMID: 30561796 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32075] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer risk factors differ by histotype; however, within subtype, there is substantial variability in outcomes. We hypothesized that risk factor profiles may influence tumor aggressiveness, defined by time between diagnosis and death, independent of histology. Among 1.3 million women from 21 prospective cohorts, 4,584 invasive epithelial ovarian cancers were identified and classified as highly aggressive (death in <1 year, n = 864), very aggressive (death in 1 to < 3 years, n = 1,390), moderately aggressive (death in 3 to < 5 years, n = 639), and less aggressive (lived 5+ years, n = 1,691). Using competing risks Cox proportional hazards regression, we assessed heterogeneity of associations by tumor aggressiveness for all cases and among serous and endometrioid/clear cell tumors. Associations between parity (phet = 0.01), family history of ovarian cancer (phet = 0.02), body mass index (BMI; phet ≤ 0.04) and smoking (phet < 0.01) and ovarian cancer risk differed by aggressiveness. A first/single pregnancy, relative to nulliparity, was inversely associated with highly aggressive disease (HR: 0.72; 95% CI [0.58-0.88]), no association was observed for subsequent pregnancies (per pregnancy, 0.97 [0.92-1.02]). In contrast, first and subsequent pregnancies were similarly associated with less aggressive disease (0.87 for both). Family history of ovarian cancer was only associated with risk of less aggressive disease (1.94 [1.47-2.55]). High BMI (≥35 vs. 20 to < 25 kg/m2 , 1.93 [1.46-2.56] and current smoking (vs. never, 1.30 [1.07-1.57]) were associated with increased risk of highly aggressive disease. Results were similar within histotypes. Ovarian cancer risk factors may be directly associated with subtypes defined by tumor aggressiveness, rather than through differential effects on histology. Studies to assess biological pathways are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée T Fortner
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elizabeth M Poole
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nicolas A Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Washington, D.C
| | - Britton Trabert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Washington, D.C
| | - Emily White
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Alan A Arslan
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Alpa V Patel
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Washington, D.C
| | | | - Louise A Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Washington, D.C
| | - Julie Buring
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Agnès Fournier
- CESP "Health across Generations," INSERM, Univ Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Univ Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Inger T Gram
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Patricia Hartge
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Washington, D.C
| | | | - Annika Idahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Victoria A Kirsh
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - I-Min Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eva Lundin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Melissa A Merritt
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - N Charlotte Onland-Moret
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jenny N Poynter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Kim Robien
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, D.C
| | - Thomas Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Maria-José Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA. Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Catherine Schairer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Washington, D.C
| | - Leo J Schouten
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mary K Townsend
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece.,WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Dept. of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Greece
| | - Piet A van den Brandt
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom.,HuGeF Foundation, Torino, Italy
| | - Lynne Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannah P Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Washington, D.C
| | | | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
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16
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Fortner RT, Poole EM, Wentzensen NA, Trabert B, White E, Arslan AA, Patel AV, Setiawan VW, Visvanathan K, Weiderpass E, Adami HO, Black A, Bernstein L, Brinton LA, Buring J, Clendenen TV, Fournier A, Fraser G, Gapstur SM, Gaudet MM, Giles GG, Gram IT, Hartge P, Hoffman-Bolton J, Idahl A, Kaaks R, Kirsh VA, Knutsen S, Koh WP, Lacey JV, Lee IM, Lundin E, Merritt MA, Milne RL, Onland-Moret NC, Peters U, Poynter JN, Rinaldi S, Robien K, Rohan T, Sánchez MJ, Schairer C, Schouten LJ, Tjonneland A, Townsend MK, Travis RC, Trichopoulou A, van den Brandt PA, Vineis P, Wilkens L, Wolk A, Yang HP, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Tworoger SS. Ovarian cancer risk factors by tumor aggressiveness: An analysis from the Ovarian Cancer Cohort Consortium. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:58-69. [PMID: 30561796 PMCID: PMC6488363 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer risk factors differ by histotype; however, within subtype, there is substantial variability in outcomes. We hypothesized that risk factor profiles may influence tumor aggressiveness, defined by time between diagnosis and death, independent of histology. Among 1.3 million women from 21 prospective cohorts, 4,584 invasive epithelial ovarian cancers were identified and classified as highly aggressive (death in <1 year, n = 864), very aggressive (death in 1 to < 3 years, n = 1,390), moderately aggressive (death in 3 to < 5 years, n = 639), and less aggressive (lived 5+ years, n = 1,691). Using competing risks Cox proportional hazards regression, we assessed heterogeneity of associations by tumor aggressiveness for all cases and among serous and endometrioid/clear cell tumors. Associations between parity (phet = 0.01), family history of ovarian cancer (phet = 0.02), body mass index (BMI; phet ≤ 0.04) and smoking (phet < 0.01) and ovarian cancer risk differed by aggressiveness. A first/single pregnancy, relative to nulliparity, was inversely associated with highly aggressive disease (HR: 0.72; 95% CI [0.58-0.88]), no association was observed for subsequent pregnancies (per pregnancy, 0.97 [0.92-1.02]). In contrast, first and subsequent pregnancies were similarly associated with less aggressive disease (0.87 for both). Family history of ovarian cancer was only associated with risk of less aggressive disease (1.94 [1.47-2.55]). High BMI (≥35 vs. 20 to < 25 kg/m2 , 1.93 [1.46-2.56] and current smoking (vs. never, 1.30 [1.07-1.57]) were associated with increased risk of highly aggressive disease. Results were similar within histotypes. Ovarian cancer risk factors may be directly associated with subtypes defined by tumor aggressiveness, rather than through differential effects on histology. Studies to assess biological pathways are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée T. Fortner
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elizabeth M. Poole
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas A. Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Britton Trabert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Emily White
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alan A. Arslan
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alpa V. Patel
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Kala Visvanathan
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center; Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Washington D.C., USA
| | | | - Louise A. Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Julie Buring
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Agnès Fournier
- CESP “Health across Generations”, INSERM, Univ Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Univ Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Susan M. Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mia M. Gaudet
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Inger T. Gram
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Patricia Hartge
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Washington D.C., USA
| | | | - Annika Idahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Victoria A. Kirsh
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - I-Min Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva Lundin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Melissa A. Merritt
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - N. Charlotte Onland-Moret
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jenny N. Poynter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Kim Robien
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Thomas Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Maria-José Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA. Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Catherine Schairer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Leo J. Schouten
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mary K. Townsend
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Dept. of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Greece
| | - Piet A. van den Brandt
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
- HuGeF Foundation, Torino, Italy
| | - Lynne Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannah P. Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Washington D.C., USA
| | | | - Shelley S. Tworoger
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
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17
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Fortner RT, Poole EM, Wentzensen NA, Trabert B, White E, Arslan AA, Patel AV, Setiawan VW, Visvanathan K, Weiderpass E, Adami HO, Black A, Bernstein L, Brinton LA, Buring J, Clendenen TV, Fournier A, Fraser G, Gapstur SM, Gaudet MM, Giles GG, Gram IT, Hartge P, Hoffman-Bolton J, Idahl A, Kaaks R, Kirsh VA, Knutsen S, Koh WP, Lacey JV, Lee IM, Lundin E, Merritt MA, Milne RL, Onland-Moret NC, Peters U, Poynter JN, Rinaldi S, Robien K, Rohan T, Sánchez MJ, Schairer C, Schouten LJ, Tjonneland A, Townsend MK, Travis RC, Trichopoulou A, van den Brandt PA, Vineis P, Wilkens L, Wolk A, Yang HP, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Tworoger SS. Ovarian cancer risk factors by tumor aggressiveness: An analysis from the Ovarian Cancer Cohort Consortium. Int J Cancer 2019. [PMID: 30561796 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32075]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer risk factors differ by histotype; however, within subtype, there is substantial variability in outcomes. We hypothesized that risk factor profiles may influence tumor aggressiveness, defined by time between diagnosis and death, independent of histology. Among 1.3 million women from 21 prospective cohorts, 4,584 invasive epithelial ovarian cancers were identified and classified as highly aggressive (death in <1 year, n = 864), very aggressive (death in 1 to < 3 years, n = 1,390), moderately aggressive (death in 3 to < 5 years, n = 639), and less aggressive (lived 5+ years, n = 1,691). Using competing risks Cox proportional hazards regression, we assessed heterogeneity of associations by tumor aggressiveness for all cases and among serous and endometrioid/clear cell tumors. Associations between parity (phet = 0.01), family history of ovarian cancer (phet = 0.02), body mass index (BMI; phet ≤ 0.04) and smoking (phet < 0.01) and ovarian cancer risk differed by aggressiveness. A first/single pregnancy, relative to nulliparity, was inversely associated with highly aggressive disease (HR: 0.72; 95% CI [0.58-0.88]), no association was observed for subsequent pregnancies (per pregnancy, 0.97 [0.92-1.02]). In contrast, first and subsequent pregnancies were similarly associated with less aggressive disease (0.87 for both). Family history of ovarian cancer was only associated with risk of less aggressive disease (1.94 [1.47-2.55]). High BMI (≥35 vs. 20 to < 25 kg/m2 , 1.93 [1.46-2.56] and current smoking (vs. never, 1.30 [1.07-1.57]) were associated with increased risk of highly aggressive disease. Results were similar within histotypes. Ovarian cancer risk factors may be directly associated with subtypes defined by tumor aggressiveness, rather than through differential effects on histology. Studies to assess biological pathways are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée T Fortner
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elizabeth M Poole
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nicolas A Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Washington, D.C
| | - Britton Trabert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Washington, D.C
| | - Emily White
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Alan A Arslan
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Alpa V Patel
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Washington, D.C
| | | | - Louise A Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Washington, D.C
| | - Julie Buring
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Agnès Fournier
- CESP "Health across Generations," INSERM, Univ Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Univ Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Inger T Gram
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Patricia Hartge
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Washington, D.C
| | | | - Annika Idahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Victoria A Kirsh
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - I-Min Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eva Lundin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Melissa A Merritt
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - N Charlotte Onland-Moret
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jenny N Poynter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Kim Robien
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, D.C
| | - Thomas Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Maria-José Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA. Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Catherine Schairer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Washington, D.C
| | - Leo J Schouten
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mary K Townsend
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece.,WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Dept. of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Greece
| | - Piet A van den Brandt
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom.,HuGeF Foundation, Torino, Italy
| | - Lynne Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannah P Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Washington, D.C
| | | | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
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18
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Webb PM, Na R, Weiderpass E, Adami HO, Anderson KE, Bertrand KA, Botteri E, Brasky TM, Brinton LA, Chen C, Doherty JA, Lu L, McCann SE, Moysich KB, Olson S, Petruzella S, Palmer JR, Prizment AE, Schairer C, Setiawan VW, Spurdle AB, Trabert B, Wentzensen N, Wilkens L, Yang HP, Yu H, Risch HA, Jordan SJ. Use of aspirin, other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen and risk of endometrial cancer: the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:310-316. [PMID: 30566587 PMCID: PMC6386026 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular use of aspirin has been associated with a reduced risk of cancer at several sites but the data for endometrial cancer are conflicting. Evidence regarding use of other analgesics is limited. PATIENTS AND METHODS We pooled individual-level data from seven cohort and five case-control studies participating in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium including 7120 women with endometrial cancer and 16 069 controls. For overall analyses, study-specific odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression and combined using random-effects meta-analysis; for stratified analyses, we used mixed-effects logistic regression with study as a random effect. RESULTS At least weekly use of aspirin and non-aspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was associated with an approximately 15% reduced risk of endometrial cancer among both overweight and obese women (OR = 0.86 [95% CI 0.76-0.98] and 0.86 [95% CI 0.76-0.97], respectively, for aspirin; 0.87 [95% CI 0.76-1.00] and 0.84 [0.74-0.96], respectively, for non-aspirin NSAIDs). There was no association among women of normal weight (body mass index < 25 kg/m2, Pheterogeneity = 0.04 for aspirin, Pheterogeneity = 0.003 for NSAIDs). Among overweight and obese women, the inverse association with aspirin was stronger for use 2-6 times/week (OR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.68-0.96) than for daily use (0.91, 0.80-1.03), possibly because a high proportion of daily users use low-dose formulations. There was no clear association with use of acetaminophen. CONCLUSION Our pooled analysis provides further evidence that use of standard-dose aspirin or other NSAIDs may reduce risk of endometrial cancer among overweight and obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Webb
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - R Na
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - E Weiderpass
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway; Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H O Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - K E Anderson
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - K A Bertrand
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - E Botteri
- Women and Children's Division, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Women's Health, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Bowel Cancer Screening, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - T M Brasky
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, USA
| | - L A Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | - C Chen
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
| | - J A Doherty
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - L Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - S E McCann
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, USA
| | - K B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, USA
| | - S Olson
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - S Petruzella
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - J R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - A E Prizment
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - C Schairer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | - V W Setiawan
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - A B Spurdle
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - B Trabert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | - N Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | - L Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, USA
| | - H P Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | - H Yu
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, USA
| | - H A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - S J Jordan
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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19
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Yang HP, Wang S, Yang ZX. [Electroencephalogram of two patients with Fukuyama congential muscular dystrophy]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2018; 56:871-872. [PMID: 30392214 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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20
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O'Mara TA, Glubb DM, Amant F, Annibali D, Ashton K, Attia J, Auer PL, Beckmann MW, Black A, Bolla MK, Brauch H, Brenner H, Brinton L, Buchanan DD, Burwinkel B, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Chen C, Chen MM, Cheng THT, Clarke CL, Clendenning M, Cook LS, Couch FJ, Cox A, Crous-Bous M, Czene K, Day F, Dennis J, Depreeuw J, Doherty JA, Dörk T, Dowdy SC, Dürst M, Ekici AB, Fasching PA, Fridley BL, Friedenreich CM, Fritschi L, Fung J, García-Closas M, Gaudet MM, Giles GG, Goode EL, Gorman M, Haiman CA, Hall P, Hankison SE, Healey CS, Hein A, Hillemanns P, Hodgson S, Hoivik EA, Holliday EG, Hopper JL, Hunter DJ, Jones A, Krakstad C, Kristensen VN, Lambrechts D, Marchand LL, Liang X, Lindblom A, Lissowska J, Long J, Lu L, Magliocco AM, Martin L, McEvoy M, Meindl A, Michailidou K, Milne RL, Mints M, Montgomery GW, Nassir R, Olsson H, Orlow I, Otton G, Palles C, Perry JRB, Peto J, Pooler L, Prescott J, Proietto T, Rebbeck TR, Risch HA, Rogers PAW, Rübner M, Runnebaum I, Sacerdote C, Sarto GE, Schumacher F, Scott RJ, Setiawan VW, Shah M, Sheng X, Shu XO, Southey MC, Swerdlow AJ, Tham E, Trovik J, Turman C, Tyrer JP, Vachon C, VanDen Berg D, Vanderstichele A, Wang Z, Webb PM, Wentzensen N, Werner HMJ, Winham SJ, Wolk A, Xia L, Xiang YB, Yang HP, Yu H, Zheng W, Pharoah PDP, Dunning AM, Kraft P, De Vivo I, Tomlinson I, Easton DF, Spurdle AB, Thompson DJ. Identification of nine new susceptibility loci for endometrial cancer. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3166. [PMID: 30093612 PMCID: PMC6085317 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05427-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer of the female reproductive tract in developed countries. Through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we have previously identified eight risk loci for endometrial cancer. Here, we present an expanded meta-analysis of 12,906 endometrial cancer cases and 108,979 controls (including new genotype data for 5624 cases) and identify nine novel genome-wide significant loci, including a locus on 12q24.12 previously identified by meta-GWAS of endometrial and colorectal cancer. At five loci, expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analyses identify candidate causal genes; risk alleles at two of these loci associate with decreased expression of genes, which encode negative regulators of oncogenic signal transduction proteins (SH2B3 (12q24.12) and NF1 (17q11.2)). In summary, this study has doubled the number of known endometrial cancer risk loci and revealed candidate causal genes for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy A O'Mara
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, QLD, Australia.
| | - Dylan M Glubb
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Frederic Amant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Daniela Annibali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Katie Ashton
- John Hunter Hospital, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, 2305, NSW, Australia
- University of Newcastle, Centre for Information Based Medicine, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia
- University of Newcastle, Discipline of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia
| | - John Attia
- John Hunter Hospital, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, 2305, NSW, Australia
- University of Newcastle, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul L Auer
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, 98109, WA, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee, 53205, WI, USA
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Amanda Black
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, 70376, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Louise Brinton
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, 3010, VIC, Australia
- Genetic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, 3010, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Parkville, 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Cancer Epidemiology, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Chu Chen
- Epidemiology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, 98109, WA, USA
| | - Maxine M Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Timothy H T Cheng
- University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Christine L Clarke
- University of Sydney, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Clendenning
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Parkville, 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Linda S Cook
- University of New Mexico, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, 87131, NM, USA
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, T2N 4N2, AB, Canada
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Angela Cox
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Marta Crous-Bous
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 65, Sweden
| | - Felix Day
- University of Cambridge, MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Jeroen Depreeuw
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Anne Doherty
- Cancer Research Huntsman Cancer Institute Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84112, UT, USA
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Sean C Dowdy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Matthias Dürst
- Department of Gynaecology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - Brooke L Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, 66160, KS, USA
| | - Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, T2N 4N2, AB, Canada
| | - Lin Fritschi
- Curtin University, School of Public Health, Perth, 6102, WA, Australia
| | - Jenny Fung
- University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
- Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- American Cancer Society, Epidemiology Research Program, Atlanta, 30303, GA, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- The University of Melbourne, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, 3010, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Division of Epidemiology, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Maggie Gorman
- University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 65, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, South General Hospital, Stockholm, 118 83, Sweden
| | - Susan E Hankison
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, 01003, MA, USA
| | - Catherine S Healey
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Alexander Hein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Shirley Hodgson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Erling A Hoivik
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Bergen, 5020, Norway
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway
| | - Elizabeth G Holliday
- John Hunter Hospital, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, 2305, NSW, Australia
- University of Newcastle, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia
| | - John L Hopper
- The University of Melbourne, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - David J Hunter
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Angela Jones
- University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Camilla Krakstad
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Bergen, 5020, Norway
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo, 0379, Norway
- University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, 0450, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0450, Norway
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- VIB, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, 96813, HI, USA
| | - Xiaolin Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center-Oncology Institute, Warsaw, 02-034, Poland
| | - Jirong Long
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, 37232, TN, USA
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, 06510, CT, USA
| | - Anthony M Magliocco
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA
| | - Lynn Martin
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mark McEvoy
- University of Newcastle, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Roger L Milne
- The University of Melbourne, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, 3010, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Miriam Mints
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, QLD, Australia
- University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Rami Nassir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, 95817, CA, USA
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, 222 42, Sweden
| | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Geoffrey Otton
- University of Newcastle, School of Medicine and Public Health, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia
| | - Claire Palles
- University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- University of Cambridge, MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Loreall Pooler
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Prescott
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Tony Proietto
- University of Newcastle, School of Medicine and Public Health, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, 06510, CT, USA
| | - Peter A W Rogers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Royal Women's Hospital, Gynaecology Research Centre, Parkville, 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthias Rübner
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Ingo Runnebaum
- Department of Gynaecology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO-Peimonte), Turin, 10126, Italy
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Turino, 10126, Italy
| | - Gloria E Sarto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, 53715, WI, USA
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106, OH, USA
| | - Rodney J Scott
- John Hunter Hospital, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, 2305, NSW, Australia
- University of Newcastle, Centre for Information Based Medicine, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia
- University of Newcastle, Discipline of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia
- John Hunter Hospital, Division of Molecular Medicine, Pathology North, Newcastle, 2308, NSW, Australia
| | - V Wendy Setiawan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA
| | - Mitul Shah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Xin Sheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, 37232, TN, USA
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, VIC, Australia
- Monash University, Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Clayton, 3168, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony J Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Emma Tham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Clinical Genetics, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
| | - Jone Trovik
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Bergen, 5020, Norway
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway
| | - Constance Turman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Tyrer
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Celine Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - David VanDen Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA
| | - Adriaan Vanderstichele
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Penelope M Webb
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Henrica M J Werner
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Bergen, 5020, Norway
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway
| | - Stacey J Winham
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Lucy Xia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
| | - Hannah P Yang
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Herbert Yu
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, 96813, HI, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, 37232, TN, USA
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, QLD, Australia.
| | - Deborah J Thompson
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.
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Murphy J, Pfeiffer RM, Lynn BCD, Caballero AI, Browne EP, Punska EC, Yang HP, Falk RT, Anderton DL, Gierach GL, Arcaro KF, Sherman ME. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors in human milk: an exploratory analysis of racial differences to inform breast cancer etiology. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 172:209-219. [PMID: 30083950 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4907-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analysis of cytokines and growth factors in human milk offers a noninvasive approach for studying the microenvironment of the postpartum breast, which may better reflect tissue levels than testing blood samples. Given that Black women have a higher incidence of early-onset breast cancers than White women, we hypothesized that milk of the former contains higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and growth factors. METHODS Participants included 130 Black and 162 White women without a history of a breast biopsy who completed a health assessment questionnaire and donated milk for research. Concentrations of 15 analytes in milk were examined using two multiplex and 4 single-analyte electrochemiluminescent sandwich assays to measure pro-inflammatory cytokines, angiogenesis factors, and adipokines. Mixed-effects ordinal logistic regression was used to identify determinants of analyte levels and to compare results by race, with adjustment for confounders. Factor analysis was used to examine covariation among analytes. RESULTS Thirteen of 15 analytes were detected in ≥ 25% of the human milk specimens. In multivariable models, elevated BMI was significantly associated with increased concentrations of 5 cytokines: IL-1β, bFGF, FASL, EGF, and leptin (all p-trend < 0.05). Black women had significantly higher levels of leptin and IL-1β, controlling for BMI. Factor analysis of analyte levels identified two factors related to inflammation and growth factor pathways. CONCLUSION This exploratory study demonstrated the feasibility of measuring pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and angiogenesis factors in human milk, and revealed higher levels of some pro-inflammatory factors, as well as increased leptin levels, among Black as compared with White women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Murphy
- George Washington University School of Nursing, 1919 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Suite 500, Washington, DC, 20006, USA. .,Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brittny C Davis Lynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ana I Caballero
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Eva P Browne
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Punska
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Hannah P Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roni T Falk
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas L Anderton
- Department of Sociology, Sloan College, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Gretchen L Gierach
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen F Arcaro
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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22
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Gong P, Yang ZX, Xue J, Qian P, Yang HP, Liu XY, Bian KG. [Application of scalp-recorded high-frequency oscillations in epileptic encephalopathy with continuous spike-and-wave during sleep]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2018; 50:213-220. [PMID: 29643517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical significance of high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) on scalp electroencephalography (EEG) in patients with epileptic encephalopathy with continuous spike-and-wave during sleep (CSWS). METHODS Twenty-one CSWS patients treated for epilepsy from January 2006 to December 2016 in Pediatric Department of Peking University First Hospital were enrolled into the study. Selected clinical variables including gender, age parameters, seizure frequencies and antiepileptic drugs were compared between (a). HFO-positive group and HFO-negative group before methylprednisolone treatment and (b). excellent seizure outcome group and not-excellent seizure outcome group after methylprednisolone treatment. Interictal HFOs and spikes in pre- and post-methylprednisolone scalp EEG were measured and analyzed. RESULTS Before methylprednisolone treatment, there were 12 of 21 (57%) CSWS patients had HFOs, with a mean value 43.17 per 60 s per patient. The 12 patients with HFOs tended to have more frequent epileptic negative myoclonus/atonic/myoclonus/atypical absences than those without HFOs in a month before methylprednisolone treatment. A total of 518 HFOs and 22 592 spikes were found in the pre-methylprednisolone EEG data of 21 patients, and 441 HFOs (86%) were associated with spikes. The highest amplitudes of HFOs were significantly positively correlated with that of spikes (r=0.279, P<0.001). Rates reduced by methylprednisolone treatment were statistically significant for both HFOs (P=0.002) and spikes (P=0.006). The percentage of reduction was 91% (473/518) and 39% (8 905/22 592) for spikes and HFOs, respectively. The percentage of spike and HFOs changes was respectively 100% decrease and 47% decrease in the excellent seizure outcome group, and they were 79% decrease and 18% increase in the not-excellent seizure outcome group. CONCLUSION Prevalence of HFOs might reflect some aspect of epileptic activity. HFOs were more sensitive to methylprednisolone treatment than spikes and had a good correlation with the prognosis of seizures, and HFOs could be applied to assess epilepsy severity and antiepileptic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Z X Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - J Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - P Qian
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - H P Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - X Y Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - K G Bian
- Institute of Network Computing and Information Systems, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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23
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Davis Lynn BC, Bodelon C, Pfeiffer RM, Yang HP, Yang H, Lee M, Laird PW, Campan M, Weisenberger DJ, Murphy J, Sherman ME, Browne EP, Anderton DL, Arcaro KF, Gierach GL. Abstract P6-10-07: Differences in genome-wide DNA methylation levels in breast milk by race and lactation duration. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p6-10-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Identifying biomarkers of breast cancer risk among young women would have value in developing effective screening and prevention strategies at early ages. We have proposed that DNA methylation analysis of breast milk may provide breast cancer risk information among young women, and could possibly provide etiologic clues related to the higher rates of early onset cancers among African American as compared with White women in the US.
Objective: The purpose of this project was to identify associations between genome-wide DNA methylation levels in breast milk and race adjusted for other breast cancer risk factors.
Study Population: Cancer-free, lactating U.S. Black (n=57) and White (n=82) women, ages 19 to 44, provided frozen breast milk samples, as well as demographic, behavioral, and reproductive data, to the Breastmilk Laboratory at University of Massachusetts Amherst. Women were uniparous and did not have a personal history of breast cancer at the time of milk donation.
Methods: DNA was extracted from breast milk samples using the phenol-chloroform method. Genome-wide methylation analysis was performed on breast milk samples using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Probes with 50% or more missing data, cross-reactive probes, as well as probes with minor allelic frequency greater than 0.05 in European- or African-Americans were removed, leaving 379,042 CpG sites for analysis. Multivariate generalized linear regression models were used to examine associations between race and other breast cancer risk factors and methylation beta values, adjusting for potential confounding factors. P-values less than 1E-7 were considered statistically significant.
Results: Black women in this study were more likely to be never smokers, to not have used over-the-counter pain medication in the past week, and to breastfeed longer. After adjustment by age, BMI, smoking status, and batch number, race was significantly associated with differential methylation at 1143 CpG sites, including 1024 at which Black women demonstrated increased methylation levels. Additionally, breastfeeding duration was associated with 269 CpG sites, with 268 showing a significant inverse relationship with methylation. Methylation sites significantly associated with Black race and lactation duration were located within tumor suppressor and promoter genes as well as in genes implicated in obesity and diabetes.
Conclusion: This preliminarily analysis of DNA methylation in breast milk suggests that Black women have increased methylation and longer breastfeeding is associated with reduced methylation. Further research to understand how etiologic factors related to breast cancer may alter DNA methylation patterns in normal breast may lead to improved understanding of breast cancer risk at a young age and potentially causes of racial disparities in breast cancer incidence between White and Black women.
Citation Format: Davis Lynn BC, Bodelon C, Pfeiffer RM, Yang HP, Yang H, Lee M, Laird PW, Campan M, Weisenberger DJ, Murphy J, Sherman ME, Browne EP, Anderton DL, Arcaro KF, Gierach GL. Differences in genome-wide DNA methylation levels in breast milk by race and lactation duration [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-10-07.
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Affiliation(s)
- BC Davis Lynn
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institution, Washington, DC; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA; University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapics, MI
| | - C Bodelon
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institution, Washington, DC; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA; University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapics, MI
| | - RM Pfeiffer
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institution, Washington, DC; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA; University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapics, MI
| | - HP Yang
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institution, Washington, DC; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA; University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapics, MI
| | - H Yang
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institution, Washington, DC; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA; University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapics, MI
| | - M Lee
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institution, Washington, DC; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA; University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapics, MI
| | - PW Laird
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institution, Washington, DC; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA; University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapics, MI
| | - M Campan
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institution, Washington, DC; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA; University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapics, MI
| | - DJ Weisenberger
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institution, Washington, DC; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA; University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapics, MI
| | - J Murphy
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institution, Washington, DC; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA; University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapics, MI
| | - ME Sherman
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institution, Washington, DC; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA; University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapics, MI
| | - EP Browne
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institution, Washington, DC; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA; University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapics, MI
| | - DL Anderton
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institution, Washington, DC; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA; University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapics, MI
| | - KF Arcaro
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institution, Washington, DC; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA; University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapics, MI
| | - GL Gierach
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institution, Washington, DC; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA; University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapics, MI
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Guan Q, Li S, Li X, Yang HP, Wang Y, Liu XY. [Feasibility of using amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram to identify epileptic seizures by pediatric intensive care unit medical staff independently]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2017; 54:823-828. [PMID: 27806789 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of using amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) to identify epileptic seizures by physicians and nurses in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) independently. Method: Six testees (two PICU physicians versus one EEG physician and two PICU nurses versus one EEG technician) accepted a short-term training, then interpreted aEEG in a single blinded way. These aEEG recordings with synchronous VEEG monitoring were done from January 2013 to May 2015 in PICU. The testees should recognize and mark both the seizure type and the seizure duration from the two-channel recorder (C3/C4) of aEEG (short-term seizure or status epilepticus (SE)). Using raw VEEG monitoring as a gold standard to determine a seizure, the accuracy, missing and error rate of each testees were confirmed, and the reasons of the latter two situations were analyzed by rank sum test and inter-testee agreement (k) . Result: Eighty-two aEEG recordings from 56 patients were interpreted. Thirty-two recordings had 141 epileptic seizures confirmed by VEEG, including 119 short-term seizures and 22 SE. There were 50 recordings without seizure. As for the short-term seizures, the average accuracy of 6 testees by aEEG alone was (66±4)%. The accuracy for SE was 100% in three testees and 95% in the other three. Missing rate of the seizures were 24.1%-32.6% in all 6 testees. Those missed seizures were all short-term (duration less than 20 seconds) but one SE. The average error rate was (19±9) times (P=0.000). These false interpretations were misunderstanding, many kinds of artifacts were regarded as epileptic seizures. The accuracy and missing rate among the testees had no significance(P=0.930, 0.996), but the error rate had(P=0.000). The inter-testee agreement (k) between two physicians in PICU and the EEG doctor were 0.700 and 0.687 respectively (P<0.01), which is good. As for two nurses and the EEG technician, the inter-testee agreement (k) was 0.705 and 0.396 respectively (P<0.01). Conclusion: Most of the seizures especially status epilepticus can be detected by PICU staff after short term training. The accuracy of identification of epileptic seizures was similar among observers from PICU and EEG, although some short-term seizures may be missed, and artifacts are mistaken.It's necessary to communicate with EEG doctors and compare with the row VEEG when physicians in PICU find suspicious events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Guan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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Mullooly M, Yang HP, Falk RT, Nyante SJ, Cora R, Pfeiffer RM, Radisky DC, Visscher DW, Hartmann LC, Carter JM, Degnim AC, Stanczyk FZ, Figueroa JD, Garcia-Closas M, Lissowska J, Troester MA, Hewitt SM, Brinton LA, Sherman ME, Gierach GL. Relationship between crown-like structures and sex-steroid hormones in breast adipose tissue and serum among postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:8. [PMID: 28103902 PMCID: PMC5244534 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0791-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Postmenopausal obesity is associated with increased circulating levels of androgens and estrogens and elevated breast cancer risk. Crown-like structures (CLS; microscopic foci of dying adipocytes surrounded by macrophages) are proposed to represent sites of increased aromatization of androgens to estrogens. Accordingly, we examined relationships between CLS and sex-steroid hormones in breast adipose tissue and serum from postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Methods Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded benign breast tissues collected for research from postmenopausal women (n = 83) diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in the Polish Breast Cancer Study (PBCS) were evaluated. Tissues were immunohistochemically stained for CD68 to determine the presence of CLS per unit area of adipose tissue. Relationships were assessed between CD68 density and CLS and previously reported sex-steroid hormones quantified using radioimmunoassays in serum taken at the time of diagnosis and in fresh frozen adipose tissue taken at the time of surgery. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the relationships between hormones (in tertiles) and CLS. Results CLS were observed in 36% of benign breast tissues, with a higher frequency among obese versus lean women (54% versus 17%, p = 0.03). Detection of CLS was not related to individual hormone levels or breast tumor pathology characteristics. However, detection of CLS was associated with hormone ratios. Compared with women in the highest tertile of estrone:androstenedione ratio in fat, those in the lowest tertile were less likely to have CLS (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.03–0.59). A similar pattern was observed with estradiol:testosterone ratio in serum and CLS (lowest versus highest tertile, OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.04–0.72). Conclusions CLS were more frequently identified in the breast fat of obese women and were associated with increased ratios of select estrogens:androgens in the blood and tissues, but not with individual hormones. Additional studies on CLS, tissue and blood hormone levels, and breast cancer risk are needed to understand and confirm these findings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-016-0791-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeve Mullooly
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Hannah P Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Roni T Falk
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sarah J Nyante
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Renata Cora
- Independent contractor, CT(ASCP), MB(ASCP), Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Frank Z Stanczyk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonine D Figueroa
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Cancer Center and M. Sklodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Melissa A Troester
- Department of Epidemiology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Louise A Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Breast and Gynecologic Cancer Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gretchen L Gierach
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Earp M, Winham SJ, Larson N, Permuth JB, Sicotte H, Chien J, Anton-Culver H, Bandera EV, Berchuck A, Cook LS, Cramer D, Doherty JA, Goodman MT, Levine DA, Monteiro ANA, Ness RB, Pearce CL, Rossing MA, Tworoger SS, Wentzensen N, Bisogna M, Brinton L, Brooks-Wilson A, Carney ME, Cunningham JM, Edwards RP, Fogarty ZC, Iversen ES, Kraft P, Larson MC, Le ND, Lin HY, Lissowska J, Modugno F, Moysich KB, Olson SH, Pike MC, Poole EM, Rider DN, Terry KL, Thompson PJ, van den Berg D, Vierkant RA, Vitonis AF, Wilkens LR, Wu AH, Yang HP, Ziogas A, Phelan CM, Schildkraut JM, Chen YA, Sellers TA, Fridley BL, Goode EL. A targeted genetic association study of epithelial ovarian cancer susceptibility. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7381-9. [PMID: 26848776 PMCID: PMC4884925 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have identified several common susceptibility alleles for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). To further understand EOC susceptibility, we examined previously ungenotyped candidate variants, including uncommon variants and those residing within known susceptibility loci. RESULTS At nine of eleven previously published EOC susceptibility regions (2q31, 3q25, 5p15, 8q21, 8q24, 10p12, 17q12, 17q21.31, and 19p13), novel variants were identified that were more strongly associated with risk than previously reported variants. Beyond known susceptibility regions, no variants were found to be associated with EOC risk at genome-wide statistical significance (p <5x10(-8)), nor were any significant after Bonferroni correction for 17,000 variants (p< 3x10-6). METHODS A customized genotyping array was used to assess over 17,000 variants in coding, non-coding, regulatory, and known susceptibility regions in 4,973 EOC cases and 5,640 controls from 13 independent studies. Susceptibility for EOC overall and for select histotypes was evaluated using logistic regression adjusted for age, study site, and population substructure. CONCLUSION Given the novel variants identified within the 2q31, 3q25, 5p15, 8q21, 8q24, 10p12, 17q12, 17q21.31, and 19p13 regions, larger follow-up genotyping studies, using imputation where necessary, are needed for fine-mapping and confirmation of low frequency variants that fall below statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalene Earp
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stacey J Winham
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nicholas Larson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer B Permuth
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hugues Sicotte
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeremy Chien
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Linda S Cook
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Daniel Cramer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Doherty
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Marc T Goodman
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Douglas A Levine
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alvaro N A Monteiro
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Roberta B Ness
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Celeste L Pearce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria Bisogna
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Louise Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Michael E Carney
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert P Edwards
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zachary C Fogarty
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Edwin S Iversen
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa C Larson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nhu D Le
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center & Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Cancer Research Program, Magee-Women's Research Institute and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, US
| | - Sara H Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Malcolm C Pike
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, US
| | - Elizabeth M Poole
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David N Rider
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kathryn L Terry
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pamela J Thompson
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David van den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert A Vierkant
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Allison F Vitonis
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hannah P Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Cancer Genetics Research and Prevention, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Catherine M Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joellen M Schildkraut
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Cancer Prevention, Detection and Control Research Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yian Ann Chen
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Brooke L Fridley
- Kansas IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence Bioinformatics Core, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Abstract
Obesity is implicated as an important factor in the rising incidence of liver cancer in the USA. Bariatric surgery is increasingly used for treating morbid obesity and comorbidities. Using administrative data from UHC, a consortium of academic medical centers in the USA, we compared the prevalence of liver cancer among admissions with and without a history of bariatric surgery within a 3-year period. Admissions with a history of bariatric surgery had a 61 % lower prevalence of liver cancer compared to those without a history of bariatric surgery (prevalence ratio 0.39, 95 % confidence interval 0.35-0.44), and these inverse associations persisted within strata of sex, race, and ethnicity. This hospital administrative record-based analysis suggests that bariatric surgery could play a role in liver cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyu Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9774, USA.
| | - Hannah P Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9774, USA.
| | - Kristy K Ward
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, 32209, USA.
| | - Vikrant V Sahasrabuddhe
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9774, USA.
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9783, USA.
| | - Katherine A McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9774, USA.
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Wentzensen N, Poole EM, Trabert B, White E, Arslan AA, Patel AV, Setiawan VW, Visvanathan K, Weiderpass E, Adami HO, Black A, Bernstein L, Brinton LA, Buring J, Butler LM, Chamosa S, Clendenen TV, Dossus L, Fortner R, Gapstur SM, Gaudet MM, Gram IT, Hartge P, Hoffman-Bolton J, Idahl A, Jones M, Kaaks R, Kirsh V, Koh WP, Lacey JV, Lee IM, Lundin E, Merritt MA, Onland-Moret NC, Peters U, Poynter JN, Rinaldi S, Robien K, Rohan T, Sandler DP, Schairer C, Schouten LJ, Sjöholm LK, Sieri S, Swerdlow A, Tjonneland A, Travis R, Trichopoulou A, van den Brandt PA, Wilkens L, Wolk A, Yang HP, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Tworoger SS. Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors by Histologic Subtype: An Analysis From the Ovarian Cancer Cohort Consortium. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:2888-98. [PMID: 27325851 PMCID: PMC5012665 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.66.8178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE An understanding of the etiologic heterogeneity of ovarian cancer is important for improving prevention, early detection, and therapeutic approaches. We evaluated 14 hormonal, reproductive, and lifestyle factors by histologic subtype in the Ovarian Cancer Cohort Consortium (OC3). PATIENTS AND METHODS Among 1.3 million women from 21 studies, 5,584 invasive epithelial ovarian cancers were identified (3,378 serous, 606 endometrioid, 331 mucinous, 269 clear cell, 1,000 other). By using competing-risks Cox proportional hazards regression stratified by study and birth year and adjusted for age, parity, and oral contraceptive use, we assessed associations for all invasive cancers by histology. Heterogeneity was evaluated by likelihood ratio test. RESULTS Most risk factors exhibited significant heterogeneity by histology. Higher parity was most strongly associated with endometrioid (relative risk [RR] per birth, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.83) and clear cell (RR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.76) carcinomas (P value for heterogeneity [P-het] < .001). Similarly, age at menopause, endometriosis, and tubal ligation were only associated with endometrioid and clear cell tumors (P-het ≤ .01). Family history of breast cancer (P-het = .008) had modest heterogeneity. Smoking was associated with an increased risk of mucinous (RR per 20 pack-years, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.46) but a decreased risk of clear cell (RR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.94) tumors (P-het = .004). Unsupervised clustering by risk factors separated endometrioid, clear cell, and low-grade serous carcinomas from high-grade serous and mucinous carcinomas. CONCLUSION The heterogeneous associations of risk factors with ovarian cancer subtypes emphasize the importance of conducting etiologic studies by ovarian cancer subtypes. Most established risk factors were more strongly associated with nonserous carcinomas, which demonstrate challenges for risk prediction of serous cancers, the most fatal subtype.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/epidemiology
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/epidemiology
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/pathology
- Adult
- Asia/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/epidemiology
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/pathology
- Europe/epidemiology
- Female
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/epidemiology
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/pathology
- North America/epidemiology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Risk Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Wentzensen
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Elizabeth M. Poole
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Britton Trabert
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Emily White
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Alan A. Arslan
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Alpa V. Patel
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - V. Wendy Setiawan
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Amanda Black
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Louise A. Brinton
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Julie Buring
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Lesley M. Butler
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Saioa Chamosa
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Tess V. Clendenen
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Laure Dossus
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Renee Fortner
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Susan M. Gapstur
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Mia M. Gaudet
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Inger T. Gram
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Patricia Hartge
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Judith Hoffman-Bolton
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Annika Idahl
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Michael Jones
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Victoria Kirsh
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - James V. Lacey
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - I-Min Lee
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Eva Lundin
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Melissa A. Merritt
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - N. Charlotte Onland-Moret
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Jenny N. Poynter
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Kim Robien
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Thomas Rohan
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Dale P. Sandler
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Catherine Schairer
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Leo J. Schouten
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Louise K. Sjöholm
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Anna Tjonneland
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Ruth Travis
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Piet A. van den Brandt
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Lynne Wilkens
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Hannah P. Yang
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Shelley S. Tworoger
- Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert, Amanda Black, Louise A. Brinton, Patricia Hartge, Catherine Schairer, and Hannah P. Yang, National Cancer Institute; Dale P. Sandler, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Bethesda, MD; Elizabeth M. Poole, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Elizabeth M. Poole, Hans-Olov Adami, Julie Buring, I-Min Lee, and Shelley S. Tworoger, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Emily White and Ulrike Peters, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Alan A. Arslan, Tess V. Clendenen, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, New York University School of Medicine; Thomas Rohan, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, and Mia M. Gaudet, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; V. Wendy Setiawan, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Leslie Bernstein and James V. Lacey Jr, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Kala Visvanathan and Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Elisabete Weiderpass and Inger T. Gram, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø; Elisabete Weiderpass, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise K. Sjöholm, and Alicja Wolk, Karolinska Institute; Stockholm; Annika Idahl and Eva Lundin, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Elisabete Weiderpass, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Lesley M. Butler, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Saioa Chamosa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Laure Dossus, French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris; Sabina Rinaldi, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Renee Fortner and Rudolf Kaaks, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Michael Jones and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Melissa A. Merritt, Imperial College of London, London; Ruth Travis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Victoria Kirsh, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Woon-Puay Koh, Duke University, Singapore; N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Leo J. Schouten and Piet A. van den Brandt, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Jenny N. Poynter, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Kim Robien, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Sabina Sieri, National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Anna Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antonia Trichopoulou, Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and Lynne Wilkens, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
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Black A, Berrington de Gonzalez A, Hoover R, Rohm LM, Sterrett A, Wentzensen N, Wrenn M, Yang HP, Feigelson HS. Feasibility of Establishing a Cohort in the Setting of U.S. Health Care Systems. J Patient Cent Res Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.17294/2330-0698.1288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Murphy J, Sherman ME, Pfeiffer RM, Yang HP, Caballero AI, Browne EP, Gierach GL, Arcaro KF. Abstract 4298: Cytokines and adipokines in breastmilk of black and white women. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-4298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Giving birth may be associated with a transient increase in breast cancer risk post-delivery and with elevated risk of basal breast cancers, especially in the absence of breastfeeding, whereas parity is related to lower risk of postmenopausal ER-positive tumors. Black women develop more early-onset and basal breast cancers than White women, but factors contributing to this disparity are poorly understood. Accordingly, we compared levels of 15 proteins with hypothesized roles in breast cancer risk in breastmilk from healthy Black and White women.
Methods: We tested breastmilk donated by 130 Black and 162 White women, annotated with breast cancer risk factor questionnaire data. Following pilot testing using the MesoScale Discovery system (Rockville, MD), the following analytes were measured in breastmilk, adjusted for total protein concentration: interferon-γ, IL1-β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, FLT-1, TIE-2, PlGF, VEGFC, VEGFD, adiponectin, leptin, and FAS-L. M30-apoptosis and Bradford protein were measured with Molecular Devices VersaMax reader (Sunnyvale, CA). Univariate associations of race with women's characteristics were computed using chi square tests and t-tests. Multivariable logistic regression models with a random effect to account for plate effects were used to assess the associations (odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)) of analyte levels with: race, family history of breast cancer, smoking, baby's age in days, body mass index at time of sample donation, age, menarche, age at first birth, return of menses, parity, and over-the-counter pain medication.
Results: Of the 15 analytes measured, all but VEGFC and TIE2 were detectable and reliably measured. Black women compared to White women had higher BMI (p = 0.05) and higher parity (p = 0.02), and were younger age at menarche (p = 0.005) and younger age at first birth (p = 0.01). White women had higher levels of smoking (p = 0.01) and more frequently had a first degree relative with breast cancer (p = 0.03). Compared with White women, Black women had significantly higher levels of IL1-β (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.13 - 2.77, p = 0.01) adjusting for the baby's age in days. Black women had significantly higher levels of leptin (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.28 - 3.15, p = 0.002) and leptin/adiponectin ratio (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.49 - 3.72, p = 0.0004), even after adjusting for body mass index.
Discussion: Preliminary data demonstrate differences in levels of putative markers of breast cancer risk between White and Black women, including IL1-β, leptin and the leptin/adiponectin ratio. These data suggest that further analyses of biomarkers in breastmilk may be useful for understanding breast cancer risk and to identify possible factors that may be associated with racial disparities in early onset and basal breast cancers.
Citation Format: Jeanne Murphy, Mark E. Sherman, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, Hannah P. Yang, Ana I. Caballero, Eva P. Browne, Gretchen L. Gierach, Kathleen F. Arcaro. Cytokines and adipokines in breastmilk of black and white women. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4298.
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Yang HP, Anderson G, Behan S, Brinton LA, Chen C, Falk R, Oh H, Pfeiffer R, Tindle H, Wentzensen N, Trabert B. Abstract 4296: Serum estrogen and estrogen metabolites and smoking among postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-4296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A consistent inverse relation between smoking and endometrial cancer risk has been observed, with a meta-analysis demonstrating that smokers are at a 29% (95% confidence interval: 0.65-0.78) lower risk than non-smokers among postmenopausal women. Although smoking may have different effects on other hormone-related cancers, it has been proposed that smoking shifts estrogen metabolism to favor hydroxylation of estrone and estradiol along the 2 as compared with 4 or 16 pathways, thereby presumably reducing estrogenic activity. However, comprehensive studies examining the interrelationships between smoking and estrogen production and metabolism are limited, especially among postmenopausal women.
METHODS: Within the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, a cohort of 93,676 postmenopausal women recruited between 1993 and 1998, 15 estrogens/estrogen metabolites (jointly referred to as EM) were measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in pre-diagnostic serum among 974 women (all never/former menopausal hormone therapy users) for a nested case-control study of ovarian and endometrial cancers. Using inverse probability weighted linear regression, we calculated geometric means (GM; pmol/L) of individual EM, adjusted for age at and year of blood draw, time since menopause, race, and body mass index (BMI), by smoking status (never, former, current), intensity (1 pack/day; <5, 5-<20, 20+ pack/years), and duration (<10, 10-19, 20-29, 30+ years). Percent difference was calculated by the difference over the mean EM values across categories of smoking factors. Statistical heterogeneity across categories of smoking factors was assessed using the Wald chi-square test.
RESULTS: Overall, we observed slightly lower, although non-significant EM levels among current compared to never smokers (GM for current vs. never smokers were 331 vs. 352 for estrone, 56.3 vs. 58.8 for estradiol; p-value>0.83), with an indication that this association was limited to women with BMI 25+ kg/m2. We observed similar associations after excluding women defined as cancer cases at time of blood draw. Furthermore, current compared to never smokers had non-significant lower levels in the 2- (GM were 160 vs. 163; percent diff = -2%) as compared with 4- (16.0 vs. 15.7; 2%) or 16- (259 vs. 256; 1%) hydroxylation pathways (p-value>0.82). Among smokers, EM levels tended to increase across categories of packs/day, but we observed no consistent patterns for years of smoking and pack/years.
CONCLUSIONS: Our finding that circulating EM are highest in non-smokers is at odds with the increases in EM seen with smoking intensity among smokers. This suggests that smoking may not be altering estrogen production and metabolism as hypothesized and smoking may be inversely associated with endometrial cancer via other non-hormonal pathways.
Citation Format: Hannah P. Yang, Garnet Anderson, Sally Behan, Louise A. Brinton, Chu Chen, Roni Falk, Hannah Oh, Ruth Pfeiffer, Hilary Tindle, Nicolas Wentzensen, Britton Trabert. Serum estrogen and estrogen metabolites and smoking among postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4296.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chu Chen
- 2Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Roni Falk
- 1National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hannah Oh
- 1National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Hilary Tindle
- 3Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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Chen MM, O'Mara TA, Thompson DJ, Painter JN, Attia J, Black A, Brinton L, Chanock S, Chen C, Cheng TH, Cook LS, Crous-Bou M, Doherty J, Friedenreich CM, Garcia-Closas M, Gaudet MM, Gorman M, Haiman C, Hankinson SE, Hartge P, Henderson BE, Hodgson S, Holliday EG, Horn-Ross PL, Hunter DJ, Le Marchand L, Liang X, Lissowska J, Long J, Lu L, Magliocco AM, Martin L, McEvoy M, Olson SH, Orlow I, Pooler L, Prescott J, Rastogi R, Rebbeck TR, Risch H, Sacerdote C, Schumacher F, Wendy Setiawan V, Scott RJ, Sheng X, Shu XO, Turman C, Van Den Berg D, Wang Z, Weiss NS, Wentzensen N, Xia L, Xiang YB, Yang HP, Yu H, Zheng W, Pharoah PDP, Dunning AM, Tomlinson I, Easton DF, Kraft P, Spurdle AB, De Vivo I. GWAS meta-analysis of 16 852 women identifies new susceptibility locus for endometrial cancer. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:2612-2620. [PMID: 27008869 PMCID: PMC5868213 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy in the developed world. Although there is evidence of genetic predisposition to the disease, most of the genetic risk remains unexplained. We present the meta-analysis results of four genome-wide association studies (4907 cases and 11 945 controls total) in women of European ancestry. We describe one new locus reaching genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10 -8) at 6p22.3 (rs1740828; P = 2.29 × 10 -8, OR = 1.20), providing evidence of an additional region of interest for genetic susceptibility to endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine M Chen
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tracy A O'Mara
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Deborah J Thompson
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Jodie N Painter
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - John Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Louise Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chu Chen
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Timothy Ht Cheng
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Linda S Cook
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Division of Cancer Care, Department of Population Health Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marta Crous-Bou
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer Doherty
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03755, USA
| | - Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Maggie Gorman
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | | | - Susan E Hankinson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA 01003, USA
| | - Patricia Hartge
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Shirley Hodgson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Elizabeth G Holliday
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | | | - David J Hunter
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Xiaolin Liang
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jirong Long
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt - Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN 27232, USA
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Lynn Martin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Mark McEvoy
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Sara H Olson
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Irene Orlow
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Loreall Pooler
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jennifer Prescott
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Radhai Rastogi
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Harvey Risch
- Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO-Piemonte), Turin, Italy
- Human Genetic Foundation (HuGeF), Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Rodney J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
- Hunter Area Pathology Service, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Xin Sheng
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt - Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN 27232, USA
| | - Constance Turman
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Zhaoming Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Noel S Weiss
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 19024, USA
| | - Nicholas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lucy Xia
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China and
| | - Hannah P Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Herbert Yu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt - Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN 27232, USA
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA,
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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33
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Machiela MJ, Zhou W, Karlins E, Sampson JN, Freedman ND, Yang Q, Hicks B, Dagnall C, Hautman C, Jacobs KB, Abnet CC, Aldrich MC, Amos C, Amundadottir LT, Arslan AA, Beane-Freeman LE, Berndt SI, Black A, Blot WJ, Bock CH, Bracci PM, Brinton LA, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Burdett L, Buring JE, Butler MA, Canzian F, Carreón T, Chaffee KG, Chang IS, Chatterjee N, Chen C, Chen C, Chen K, Chung CC, Cook LS, Crous Bou M, Cullen M, Davis FG, De Vivo I, Ding T, Doherty J, Duell EJ, Epstein CG, Fan JH, Figueroa JD, Fraumeni JF, Friedenreich CM, Fuchs CS, Gallinger S, Gao YT, Gapstur SM, Garcia-Closas M, Gaudet MM, Gaziano JM, Giles GG, Gillanders EM, Giovannucci EL, Goldin L, Goldstein AM, Haiman CA, Hallmans G, Hankinson SE, Harris CC, Henriksson R, Holly EA, Hong YC, Hoover RN, Hsiung CA, Hu N, Hu W, Hunter DJ, Hutchinson A, Jenab M, Johansen C, Khaw KT, Kim HN, Kim YH, Kim YT, Klein AP, Klein R, Koh WP, Kolonel LN, Kooperberg C, Kraft P, Krogh V, Kurtz RC, LaCroix A, Lan Q, Landi MT, Marchand LL, Li D, Liang X, Liao LM, Lin D, Liu J, Lissowska J, Lu L, Magliocco AM, Malats N, Matsuo K, McNeill LH, McWilliams RR, Melin BS, Mirabello L, Moore L, Olson SH, Orlow I, Park JY, Patiño-Garcia A, Peplonska B, Peters U, Petersen GM, Pooler L, Prescott J, Prokunina-Olsson L, Purdue MP, Qiao YL, Rajaraman P, Real FX, Riboli E, Risch HA, Rodriguez-Santiago B, Ruder AM, Savage SA, Schumacher F, Schwartz AG, Schwartz KL, Seow A, Wendy Setiawan V, Severi G, Shen H, Sheng X, Shin MH, Shu XO, Silverman DT, Spitz MR, Stevens VL, Stolzenberg-Solomon R, Stram D, Tang ZZ, Taylor PR, Teras LR, Tobias GS, Van Den Berg D, Visvanathan K, Wacholder S, Wang JC, Wang Z, Wentzensen N, Wheeler W, White E, Wiencke JK, Wolpin BM, Wong MP, Wu C, Wu T, Wu X, Wu YL, Wunder JS, Xia L, Yang HP, Yang PC, Yu K, Zanetti KA, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Zheng W, Zhou B, Ziegler RG, Perez-Jurado LA, Caporaso NE, Rothman N, Tucker M, Dean MC, Yeager M, Chanock SJ. Female chromosome X mosaicism is age-related and preferentially affects the inactivated X chromosome. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11843. [PMID: 27291797 PMCID: PMC4909985 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate large structural clonal mosaicism of chromosome X, we analysed the SNP microarray intensity data of 38,303 women from cancer genome-wide association studies (20,878 cases and 17,425 controls) and detected 124 mosaic X events >2 Mb in 97 (0.25%) women. Here we show rates for X-chromosome mosaicism are four times higher than mean autosomal rates; X mosaic events more often include the entire chromosome and participants with X events more likely harbour autosomal mosaic events. X mosaicism frequency increases with age (0.11% in 50-year olds; 0.45% in 75-year olds), as reported for Y and autosomes. Methylation array analyses of 33 women with X mosaicism indicate events preferentially involve the inactive X chromosome. Our results provide further evidence that the sex chromosomes undergo mosaic events more frequently than autosomes, which could have implications for understanding the underlying mechanisms of mosaic events and their possible contribution to risk for chronic diseases. It is unclear how often genetic mosaicism of chromosome X arises. Here, the authors examine women with cancer and cancer-free controls and show that X chromosome mosaicism occurs more frequently than on autosomes, especially on the inactive X chromosome, but is not linked to non-haematologic cancer risk
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Weiyin Zhou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Eric Karlins
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Qi Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Belynda Hicks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Casey Dagnall
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Christopher Hautman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kevin B Jacobs
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Bioinformed, LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20877, USA
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Melinda C Aldrich
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Christopher Amos
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Laufey T Amundadottir
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Alan A Arslan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.,Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.,New York University Cancer Institute, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Laura E Beane-Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.,International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
| | - Cathryn H Bock
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - Paige M Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Louise A Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Laurie Burdett
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Mary A Butler
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA
| | - Federico Canzian
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tania Carreón
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA
| | - Kari G Chaffee
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - I-Shou Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Chu Chen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Constance Chen
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kexin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300040, China
| | - Charles C Chung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Linda S Cook
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Marta Crous Bou
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Michael Cullen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Faith G Davis
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R3
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ti Ding
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, China
| | - Jennifer Doherty
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Eric J Duell
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caroline G Epstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jin-Hu Fan
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jonine D Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Joseph F Fraumeni
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Population Health Research, Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 2T9
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Fred A Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotaong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Centre, Institute for Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Divisions of Preventive Medicine and Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center/VA Cooperative Studies Programs, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts 02130, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria &Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Gillanders
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Lynn Goldin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Biostatistics Division, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Goran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Nutritional Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Roger Henriksson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth A Holly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Chao A Hsiung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Nan Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Wei Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Mazda Jenab
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Christoffer Johansen
- Oncology, Finsen Centre, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Unit of Survivorship Research, The Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Hee Nam Kim
- Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeul Hong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology/Hematology, College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Alison P Klein
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Robert Klein
- Program in Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Laurence N Kolonel
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Robert C Kurtz
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Andrea LaCroix
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
| | - Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xiaolin Liang
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Linda M Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Dongxin Lin
- Department of Etiology &Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore 138672, Singapore.,School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Anthony M Magliocco
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Nuria Malats
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Lorna H McNeill
- Department of Health Disparities Research, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, and Center for Community-Engaged Translational Research, Duncan Family Institute, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | - Beatrice S Melin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lisa Mirabello
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Lee Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Sara H Olson
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Irene Orlow
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu 101, Republic of Korea
| | - Ana Patiño-Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona 31080, Spain
| | - Beata Peplonska
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz 91-348, Poland
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Gloria M Petersen
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Loreall Pooler
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA
| | - Jennifer Prescott
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - You-Lin Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Preetha Rajaraman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Francisco X Real
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain.,Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08002, Spain
| | - Elio Riboli
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Benjamin Rodriguez-Santiago
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08002, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, 28029, Spain.,Quantitative Genomic Medicine Laboratory, qGenomics, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Avima M Ruder
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Biostatistics Division, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Ann G Schwartz
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - Kendra L Schwartz
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - Adeline Seow
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Veronica Wendy Setiawan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Biostatistics Division, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria &Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Nanjing Medical University School of Public Health, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xin Sheng
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA
| | - Min-Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwanju 501-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | - Victoria L Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Rachael Stolzenberg-Solomon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Biostatistics Division, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Ze-Zhong Tang
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, China
| | - Philip R Taylor
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Lauren R Teras
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Geoffrey S Tobias
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - David Van Den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Biostatistics Division, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Sholom Wacholder
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jiu-Cun Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - William Wheeler
- Information Management Services Inc., Calverton, Maryland, 20904, USA
| | - Emily White
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - John K Wiencke
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Brian M Wolpin
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Maria Pik Wong
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Etiology &Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430400, China
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital &Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 515200, China
| | - Jay S Wunder
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital &Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 515200, China
| | - Lucy Xia
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA
| | - Hannah P Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Krista A Zanetti
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- New York University Cancer Institute, New York, New York 10016, USA.,Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Baosen Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Regina G Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Luis A Perez-Jurado
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08002, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, 28029, Spain
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Margaret Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Michael C Dean
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Hollestelle A, van der Baan FH, Berchuck A, Johnatty SE, Aben KK, Agnarsson BA, Aittomäki K, Alducci E, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Antonenkova NN, Antoniou AC, Apicella C, Arndt V, Arnold N, Arun BK, Arver B, Ashworth A, Baglietto L, Balleine R, Bandera EV, Barrowdale D, Bean YT, Beckmann L, Beckmann MW, Benitez J, Berger A, Berger R, Beuselinck B, Bisogna M, Bjorge L, Blomqvist C, Bogdanova NV, Bojesen A, Bojesen SE, Bolla MK, Bonanni B, Brand JS, Brauch H, Brenner H, Brinton L, Brooks-Wilson A, Bruinsma F, Brunet J, Brüning T, Budzilowska A, Bunker CH, Burwinkel B, Butzow R, Buys SS, Caligo MA, Campbell I, Carter J, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Claes KBM, Collée JM, Cook LS, Couch FJ, Cox A, Cramer D, Cross SS, Cunningham JM, Cybulski C, Czene K, Damiola F, Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, Darabi H, de la Hoya M, deFazio A, Dennis J, Devilee P, Dicks EM, Diez O, Doherty JA, Domchek SM, Dorfling CM, Dörk T, Silva IDS, du Bois A, Dumont M, Dunning AM, Duran M, Easton DF, Eccles D, Edwards RP, Ehrencrona H, Ejlertsen B, Ekici AB, Ellis SD, Engel C, Eriksson M, Fasching PA, Feliubadalo L, Figueroa J, Flesch-Janys D, Fletcher O, Fontaine A, Fortuzzi S, Fostira F, Fridley BL, Friebel T, Friedman E, Friel G, Frost D, Garber J, García-Closas M, Gayther SA, Gentry-Maharaj A, Gerdes AM, Giles GG, Glasspool R, Glendon G, Godwin AK, Goodman MT, Gore M, Greene MH, Grip M, Gronwald J, Gschwantler Kaulich D, Guénel P, Guzman SR, Haeberle L, Haiman CA, Hall P, Halverson SL, Hamann U, Hansen TVO, Harter P, Hartikainen JM, Healey S, Hein A, Heitz F, Henderson BE, Herzog J, T Hildebrandt MA, Høgdall CK, Høgdall E, Hogervorst FBL, Hopper JL, Humphreys K, Huzarski T, Imyanitov EN, Isaacs C, Jakubowska A, Janavicius R, Jaworska K, Jensen A, Jensen UB, Johnson N, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Kabisch M, Karlan BY, Kataja V, Kauff N, Kelemen LE, Kerin MJ, Kiemeney LA, Kjaer SK, Knight JA, Knol-Bout JP, Konstantopoulou I, Kosma VM, Krakstad C, Kristensen V, Kuchenbaecker KB, Kupryjanczyk J, Laitman Y, Lambrechts D, Lambrechts S, Larson MC, Lasa A, Laurent-Puig P, Lazaro C, Le ND, Le Marchand L, Leminen A, Lester J, Levine DA, Li J, Liang D, Lindblom A, Lindor N, Lissowska J, Long J, Lu KH, Lubinski J, Lundvall L, Lurie G, Mai PL, Mannermaa A, Margolin S, Mariette F, Marme F, Martens JWM, Massuger LFAG, Maugard C, Mazoyer S, McGuffog L, McGuire V, McLean C, McNeish I, Meindl A, Menegaux F, Menéndez P, Menkiszak J, Menon U, Mensenkamp AR, Miller N, Milne RL, Modugno F, Montagna M, Moysich KB, Müller H, Mulligan AM, Muranen TA, Narod SA, Nathanson KL, Ness RB, Neuhausen SL, Nevanlinna H, Neven P, Nielsen FC, Nielsen SF, Nordestgaard BG, Nussbaum RL, Odunsi K, Offit K, Olah E, Olopade OI, Olson JE, Olson SH, Oosterwijk JC, Orlow I, Orr N, Orsulic S, Osorio A, Ottini L, Paul J, Pearce CL, Pedersen IS, Peissel B, Pejovic T, Pelttari LM, Perkins J, Permuth-Wey J, Peterlongo P, Peto J, Phelan CM, Phillips KA, Piedmonte M, Pike MC, Platte R, Plisiecka-Halasa J, Poole EM, Poppe B, Pylkäs K, Radice P, Ramus SJ, Rebbeck TR, Reed MWR, Rennert G, Risch HA, Robson M, Rodriguez GC, Romero A, Rossing MA, Rothstein JH, Rudolph A, Runnebaum I, Salani R, Salvesen HB, Sawyer EJ, Schildkraut JM, Schmidt MK, Schmutzler RK, Schneeweiss A, Schoemaker MJ, Schrauder MG, Schumacher F, Schwaab I, Scuvera G, Sellers TA, Severi G, Seynaeve CM, Shah M, Shrubsole M, Siddiqui N, Sieh W, Simard J, Singer CF, Sinilnikova OM, Smeets D, Sohn C, Soller M, Song H, Soucy P, Southey MC, Stegmaier C, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Sucheston L, Swerdlow A, Tangen IL, Tea MK, Teixeira MR, Terry KL, Terry MB, Thomassen M, Thompson PJ, Tihomirova L, Tischkowitz M, Toland AE, Tollenaar RAEM, Tomlinson I, Torres D, Truong T, Tsimiklis H, Tung N, Tworoger SS, Tyrer JP, Vachon CM, Van 't Veer LJ, van Altena AM, Van Asperen CJ, van den Berg D, van den Ouweland AMW, van Doorn HC, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, van Rensburg EJ, Vergote I, Verhoef S, Vierkant RA, Vijai J, Vitonis AF, von Wachenfeldt A, Walsh C, Wang Q, Wang-Gohrke S, Wappenschmidt B, Weischer M, Weitzel JN, Weltens C, Wentzensen N, Whittemore AS, Wilkens LR, Winqvist R, Wu AH, Wu X, Yang HP, Zaffaroni D, Pilar Zamora M, Zheng W, Ziogas A, Chenevix-Trench G, Pharoah PDP, Rookus MA, Hooning MJ, Goode EL. No clinical utility of KRAS variant rs61764370 for ovarian or breast cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2016; 141:386-401. [PMID: 25940428 PMCID: PMC4630206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical genetic testing is commercially available for rs61764370, an inherited variant residing in a KRAS 3' UTR microRNA binding site, based on suggested associations with increased ovarian and breast cancer risk as well as with survival time. However, prior studies, emphasizing particular subgroups, were relatively small. Therefore, we comprehensively evaluated ovarian and breast cancer risks as well as clinical outcome associated with rs61764370. METHODS Centralized genotyping and analysis were performed for 140,012 women enrolled in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (15,357 ovarian cancer patients; 30,816 controls), the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (33,530 breast cancer patients; 37,640 controls), and the Consortium of Modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 (14,765 BRCA1 and 7904 BRCA2 mutation carriers). RESULTS We found no association with risk of ovarian cancer (OR=0.99, 95% CI 0.94-1.04, p=0.74) or breast cancer (OR=0.98, 95% CI 0.94-1.01, p=0.19) and results were consistent among mutation carriers (BRCA1, ovarian cancer HR=1.09, 95% CI 0.97-1.23, p=0.14, breast cancer HR=1.04, 95% CI 0.97-1.12, p=0.27; BRCA2, ovarian cancer HR=0.89, 95% CI 0.71-1.13, p=0.34, breast cancer HR=1.06, 95% CI 0.94-1.19, p=0.35). Null results were also obtained for associations with overall survival following ovarian cancer (HR=0.94, 95% CI 0.83-1.07, p=0.38), breast cancer (HR=0.96, 95% CI 0.87-1.06, p=0.38), and all other previously-reported associations. CONCLUSIONS rs61764370 is not associated with risk of ovarian or breast cancer nor with clinical outcome for patients with these cancers. Therefore, genotyping this variant has no clinical utility related to the prediction or management of these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Berchuck
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Sharon E Johnatty
- Department of Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katja K Aben
- Comprehensive Cancer Center The Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bjarni A Agnarsson
- Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland; University of Iceland, School of Medicine, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisa Alducci
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Natalia N Antonenkova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carmel Apicella
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Banu K Arun
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Clinical Cancer Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brita Arver
- Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rosemary Balleine
- Western Sydney and Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health Districts, Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel Barrowdale
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yukie T Bean
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lars Beckmann
- Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG), Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Javier Benitez
- Centro Nacional de Genotipación, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreas Berger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Benoit Beuselinck
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospital Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Bisogna
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Line Bjorge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anders Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Judith S Brand
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Louise Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Fiona Bruinsma
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joan Brunet
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBGI-Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Budzilowska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Clareann H Bunker
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Butzow
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Maria A Caligo
- Section of Genetic Oncology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ian Campbell
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan Carter
- Gynaecological Oncology, The Chris O'Brien Lifehouse and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - J Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda S Cook
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Daniel Cramer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon S Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical Academy, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Damiola
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Agnieszka Dansonka-Mieszkowska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miguel de la Hoya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna deFazio
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia; Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joseph Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ed M Dicks
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Orland Diez
- Oncogenetics Laboratory, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer A Doherty
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Basser Research Centre, Abramson Cancer Center, The University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Thilo Dörk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabel Dos Santos Silva
- Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andreas du Bois
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Klinik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany; Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Martine Dumont
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mercedes Duran
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Universidad de Valladolid (IBGM-UVA), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Diana Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Robert P Edwards
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hans Ehrencrona
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steve D Ellis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter A Fasching
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lidia Feliubadalo
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBELL-Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry, Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Annette Fontaine
- Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA; New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Stefano Fortuzzi
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy; Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Florentia Fostira
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - Brooke L Fridley
- Kansas IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence Bioinformatics Core, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Tara Friebel
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eitan Friedman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Grace Friel
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Debra Frost
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Judy Garber
- Center for Cancer Genetics and Prevention, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Department of Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Graham G Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rosalind Glasspool
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gord Glendon
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Marc T Goodman
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martin Gore
- Gynecological Oncology Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mark H Greene
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Mervi Grip
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Daphne Gschwantler Kaulich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pascal Guénel
- INSERM U1018, CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France; University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Starr R Guzman
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandra L Halverson
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas V O Hansen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Philipp Harter
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Klinik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany; Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sue Healey
- Department of Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alexander Hein
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Heitz
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Klinik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany; Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Josef Herzog
- Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Claus K Høgdall
- Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Estrid Høgdall
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frans B L Hogervorst
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Keith Humphreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomasz Huzarski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Claudine Isaacs
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ramunas Janavicius
- Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Department of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine, State Research Centre Institute for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Katarzyna Jaworska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Allan Jensen
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Uffe Birk Jensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nichola Johnson
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Maria Kabisch
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vesa Kataja
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Noah Kauff
- Clinical Genetics Research Laboratory, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linda E Kelemen
- Department of Population Health Research, Alberta Health Services-Cancer Care, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael J Kerin
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne K Kjaer
- Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julia A Knight
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jacoba P Knol-Bout
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Konstantopoulou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Camilla Krakstad
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine (Faculty Division Ahus), Universitetet i Oslo, Norway
| | - Karoline B Kuchenbaecker
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yael Laitman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Belgium; Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandrina Lambrechts
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Melissa C Larson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Adriana Lasa
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Conxi Lazaro
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBELL-Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nhu D Le
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Arto Leminen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenny Lester
- Women's Cancer Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Douglas A Levine
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jingmei Li
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noralane Lindor
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center & Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Karen H Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Lene Lundvall
- Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Galina Lurie
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Phuong L Mai
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frederique Mariette
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy; Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Frederik Marme
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leon F A G Massuger
- Department of Gynecology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Maugard
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique et Service d'Onco-hématologie, Hopitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, CHRU Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvie Mazoyer
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Catriona McLean
- Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Iain McNeish
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Tumor Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florence Menegaux
- INSERM U1018, CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France; University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Janusz Menkiszak
- Department of Surgical Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Usha Menon
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Department of Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Arjen R Mensenkamp
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola Miller
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Roger L Milne
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Women's Cancer Research Program, Magee-Women's Research Institute and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Heiko Müller
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Taru A Muranen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Basser Research Centre, Abramson Cancer Center, The University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roberta B Ness
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrick Neven
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospital Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Finn C Nielsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert L Nussbaum
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edith Olah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Olufunmilayo I Olopade
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Janet E Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sara H Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan C Oosterwijk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nick Orr
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Sandra Orsulic
- Women's Cancer Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ana Osorio
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - James Paul
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Celeste L Pearce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Inge Sokilde Pedersen
- Section of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Tanja Pejovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Liisa M Pelttari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jo Perkins
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenny Permuth-Wey
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Julian Peto
- Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Catherine M Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kelly-Anne Phillips
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marion Piedmonte
- NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Malcolm C Pike
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Radka Platte
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joanna Plisiecka-Halasa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elizabeth M Poole
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce Poppe
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Susan J Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Basser Research Centre, Abramson Cancer Center, The University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Malcolm W R Reed
- Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Gad Rennert
- Clalit National Israeli Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel; Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Carmel Medical Center and B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark Robson
- Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gustavo C Rodriguez
- NorthShore University Health System, University of Chicago, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Atocha Romero
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph H Rothstein
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingo Runnebaum
- Department of Gynecology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Helga B Salvesen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- Division of Cancer Studies, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust in partnership with King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joellen M Schildkraut
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Cancer Prevention, Detection and Control Research Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Minouk J Schoemaker
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Michael G Schrauder
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ira Schwaab
- Institut für Humangenetik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Giulietta Scuvera
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Caroline M Seynaeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martha Shrubsole
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jacques Simard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian F Singer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Olga M Sinilnikova
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France; Unité Mixte de Génétique Constitutionnelle des Cancers Fréquents, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Dominiek Smeets
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Belgium; Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christof Sohn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Soller
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University and Regional Laboratories, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Honglin Song
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Penny Soucy
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Institut Curie, Department of Tumour Biology, Paris, France; Institut Curie, INSERM U830, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Lara Sucheston
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK; Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Ingvild L Tangen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Muy-Kheng Tea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal; Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kathryn L Terry
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pamela J Thompson
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amanda Ewart Toland
- Divison of Human Cancer Genetics, Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rob A E M Tollenaar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Welcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK; Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Thérèse Truong
- INSERM U1018, CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France; University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Helen Tsimiklis
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nadine Tung
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Tyrer
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Celine M Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Laura J Van 't Veer
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne M van Altena
- Department of Gynecology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C J Van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David van den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Helena C van Doorn
- Department of Gynecology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Els Van Nieuwenhuysen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ignace Vergote
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Senno Verhoef
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A Vierkant
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Clinical Genetics Research Laboratory, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allison F Vitonis
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Christine Walsh
- Women's Cancer Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shan Wang-Gohrke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Barbara Wappenschmidt
- Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maren Weischer
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Caroline Weltens
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospital Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hannah P Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniela Zaffaroni
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - M Pilar Zamora
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Cancer Genetics Research and Prevention, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matti A Rookus
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Yang HP, Murphy KR, Pfeiffer RM, George N, Garcia-Closas M, Lissowska J, Brinton LA, Wentzensen N. Lifetime Number of Ovulatory Cycles and Risks of Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer Among Postmenopausal Women. Am J Epidemiol 2016; 183:800-14. [PMID: 27190045 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwv308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that a greater number of ovulatory cycles, cumulatively summed as lifetime number of ovulatory cycles (LOC), increases ovarian cancer risk, but there is no uniform algorithm with which to compute LOC. The association between LOC and endometrial cancer is less certain. Accordingly, we identified 14 different LOC algorithms in a literature review and calculated LOCs in the Polish Cancer Study (2001-2003). We evaluated the associations of LOC with ovarian and endometrial cancer risks using unconditional logistic regression, with and without adjustment for individual risk factors used in the LOC computations. Our analysis included 302 ovarian cancer cases with 1,356 controls and 532 endometrial cancer cases with 1,286 controls. We found a high correlation between LOC values among the combined controls (r ≥ 0.88) and identified 5 groups of similar LOC algorithms. A LOC value in the highest quartile was associated with ovarian cancer risk as computed by 2 algorithms (odds ratio (OR) = 2.22 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07, 4.62) and OR = 2.44 (95% CI: 1.22, 4.87)) and with endometrial cancer risk as computed by 1 algorithm (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.11, 3.44). LOC algorithms using a core set of variables widely available in epidemiologic studies may be independently associated with risk of gynecological cancers beyond the contribution of the individual risk factors, such as ages at menopause and menarche.
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Merritt MA, Strickler HD, Einstein MH, Yang HP, Sherman ME, Wentzensen N, Brouwer-Visser J, Cossio MJ, Whitney KD, Yu H, Gunter MJ, Huang GS. Insulin/IGF and sex hormone axes in human endometrium and associations with endometrial cancer risk factors. Cancer Causes Control 2016; 27:737-48. [PMID: 27125830 PMCID: PMC4870288 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-016-0751-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Experimental and observational data link insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and estrogens to endometrial tumorigenesis. However, there are limited data regarding insulin/IGF and sex hormone axes protein and gene expression in normal endometrial tissues, and very few studies have examined the impact of endometrial cancer risk factors on endometrial tissue biology. METHODS We evaluated endometrial tissues from 77 premenopausal and 30 postmenopausal women who underwent hysterectomy for benign indications and had provided epidemiological data. Endometrial tissue mRNA and protein levels were measured using quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS In postmenopausal women, we observed higher levels of phosphorylated IGF-I/insulin receptor (pIGF1R/pIR) in diabetic versus non-diabetic women (p value =0.02), while women who reported regular nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use versus no use had higher levels of insulin and progesterone receptors (both p values ≤0.03). We also noted differences in pIGF1R/pIR staining with OC use (postmenopausal women only), and the proportion of estrogen receptor-positive tissues varied by the number of live births and PTEN status (premenopausal only) (p values ≤0.04). Compared to premenopausal proliferative phase women, postmenopausal women exhibited lower mRNA levels of IGF1, but higher IGFBP1 and IGFBP3 expression (all p values ≤0.004), and higher protein levels of the receptors for estrogen, insulin, and IGF-I (all p values ≤0.02). Conversely, pIGF1R/pIR levels were higher in premenopausal proliferative phase versus postmenopausal endometrium (p value =0.01). CONCLUSIONS These results highlight links between endometrial cancer risk factors and mechanistic factors that may contribute to early events in the multistage process of endometrial carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Merritt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Howard D Strickler
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Mark H Einstein
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Hannah P Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jurriaan Brouwer-Visser
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Maria Jose Cossio
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Kathleen D Whitney
- Department of Pathology, Jack D. Weiler Hospital, The University Hospital for Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 1825 Eastchester Road, Room 338, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Herbert Yu
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Gloria S Huang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
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Liu YH, Huang D, Li ZJ, Li XH, Wang X, Yang HP, Tian SP, Mao Y, Liu MF, Wang YF, Wu Y, Han XF. Toll-like receptor-4-dependence of the lipopolysaccharide-mediated inhibition of osteoblast differentiation. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr7191. [PMID: 27173231 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15027191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Bone fractures or bones subjected to open conduction and internal fixation are easily infected by bacteria; bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been recognized as an important pathogenic factor affecting bone fracture healing. Therefore, the effect of LPS on bone metabolism is relevant for bone healing. In this study, we investigated the effect of LPS on the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 (an LPS receptor) by using real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting. We also examined the regulatory role of LPS in osteoblast differentiation by measuring the ALP activity, matrix mineralization, and ALP, OCN, and Runx2 mRNA (essential factors affecting osteoblast differentiation) expression in LPS-treated mouse osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells. We also evaluated the effect of TLR-4 on LPS-mediated inhibition of osteoblast differentiation using RNA interference. LPS promotes TLR-4 mRNA and protein expression in MC3T3-E1 cells (P < 0.05, P < 0.01 or P < 0.001), and inhibits osteoblast differentiation by downregulating matrix mineralization and ALP activity (P < 0.05, P < 0.01 or P < 0.001), and suppressing the expression ALP, OCN, and Runx2 mRNA in MC3T3-E1 cells (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Conversely, RNAi-mediated TLR-4 knockdown abrogates the LPS-mediated inhibition of osteoblast differentiation (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In summary, LPS was shown to inhibit osteoblast differentiation by suppressing the expression of ALP, OCN, and Runx2 in a TLR-4-dependent manner. The results of this study may provide insights into the signal pathway of LPS-induced bone loss or delayed bone fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Liu
- Department of Traumatology and Microsurgery, The Third Clinical College, Southern Medical University.,Department of Emergency, Inner Mongolia Hohhot No. 1 Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - D Huang
- Department of Traumatology and Microsurgery, The Third Clinical College, Southern Medical University
| | - Z J Li
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - X H Li
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - H P Yang
- Department of Emergency, Inner Mongolia Hohhot No. 1 Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - S P Tian
- Department of Emergency, Inner Mongolia Hohhot No. 1 Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Y Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Inner Mongolia Hohhot No. 1 Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - M F Liu
- Department of Emergency, Inner Mongolia Hohhot No. 1 Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Y F Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, No. 2 Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Y Wu
- Department of Traumatology and Microsurgery, The Third Clinical College, Southern Medical University
| | - X F Han
- Department of Traumatology and Microsurgery, The Third Clinical College, Southern Medical University
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Murphy J, Sherman ME, Browne EP, Caballero AI, Punska EC, Pfeiffer RM, Yang HP, Lee M, Yang H, Gierach GL, Arcaro KF. Potential of breastmilk analysis to inform early events in breast carcinogenesis: rationale and considerations. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 157:13-22. [PMID: 27107568 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3796-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes methods related to the study of human breastmilk in etiologic and biomarkers research. Despite the importance of reproductive factors in breast carcinogenesis, factors that act early in life are difficult to study because young women rarely require breast imaging or biopsy, and analysis of critical circulating factors (e.g., hormones) is often complicated by the requirement to accurately account for menstrual cycle date. Accordingly, novel approaches are needed to understand how events such as pregnancy, breastfeeding, weaning, and post-weaning breast remodeling influence breast cancer risk. Analysis of breastmilk offers opportunities to understand mechanisms related to carcinogenesis in the breast, and to identify risk markers that may inform efforts to identify high-risk women early in the carcinogenic process. In addition, analysis of breastmilk could have value in early detection or diagnosis of breast cancer. In this article, we describe the potential for using breastmilk to characterize the microenvironment of the lactating breast with the goal of advancing research on risk assessment, prevention, and detection of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Murphy
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Breast and Gynecologic Cancer Research Group, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Office Number: 5E-332, Rockville, MD, 20892-9712, USA.
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eva P Browne
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Ana I Caballero
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Punska
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hannah P Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maxwell Lee
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Howard Yang
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gretchen L Gierach
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen F Arcaro
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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Zhu LL, Wang CH, Yang HP, Shu WH. Expression of cartilage antitumor component RanBP9 in osteosarcoma. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2016; 30:103-110. [PMID: 27049080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the expression changes of RanBP9 in tissue specimens and osteosarcoma cell strains and preliminarily explore its mechanism in osteosarcoma, so as to provide a theoretical foundation for follow-up experiments. The expression of RanBP9 in human osteosarcoma tissue specimens was detected by immunohistochemistry and the expression of RanBP9 messenger ribose nucleic acid (mRNA) in osteosarcoma cell strains was detected in real-time with polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and finally the expression of RanBP9 protein in osteosarcoma cell strains was detected by immunofluorescent staining and Western blot. Results demonstrated that RanBP9 was widely expressed in tissues, but also highly expressed in cells; moreover, the expression of RanBP9 was mainly concentrated in cytoplasm and nucleus, and partial expression was found in cell membrane. Thus, it can be concluded that RanBP9 is positively expressed in bone tumor tissues and cell strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Peoples Hospital of Liaocheng City, Shandong, China
| | - C H Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Peoples Hospital of Liaocheng City, Shandong, China
| | - H P Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Peoples Hospital of Liaocheng City, Shandong, China
| | - W H Shu
- Medical Basic Teaching and Research Office, School of Nursing, Binzhou Polytechnic, Shandong, China
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Prescott J, Setiawan VW, Wentzensen N, Schumacher F, Yu H, Delahanty R, Bernstein L, Chanock SJ, Chen C, Cook LS, Friedenreich C, Garcia-Closas M, Haiman CA, Le Marchand L, Liang X, Lissowska J, Lu L, Magliocco AM, Olson SH, Risch HA, Shu XO, Ursin G, Yang HP, Kraft P, De Vivo I. Body Mass Index Genetic Risk Score and Endometrial Cancer Risk. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143256. [PMID: 26606540 PMCID: PMC4659592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified common variants that predispose individuals to a higher body mass index (BMI), an independent risk factor for endometrial cancer. Composite genotype risk scores (GRS) based on the joint effect of published BMI risk loci were used to explore whether endometrial cancer shares a genetic background with obesity. Genotype and risk factor data were available on 3,376 endometrial cancer case and 3,867 control participants of European ancestry from the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium GWAS. A BMI GRS was calculated by summing the number of BMI risk alleles at 97 independent loci. For exploratory analyses, additional GRSs were based on subsets of risk loci within putative etiologic BMI pathways. The BMI GRS was statistically significantly associated with endometrial cancer risk (P = 0.002). For every 10 BMI risk alleles a woman had a 13% increased endometrial cancer risk (95% CI: 4%, 22%). However, after adjusting for BMI, the BMI GRS was no longer associated with risk (per 10 BMI risk alleles OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.91, 1.07; P = 0.78). Heterogeneity by BMI did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.06), and no effect modification was noted by age, GWAS Stage, study design or between studies (P≥0.58). In exploratory analyses, the GRS defined by variants at loci containing monogenic obesity syndrome genes was associated with reduced endometrial cancer risk independent of BMI (per BMI risk allele OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.88, 0.96; P = 2.1 x 10−5). Possessing a large number of BMI risk alleles does not increase endometrial cancer risk above that conferred by excess body weight among women of European descent. Thus, the GRS based on all current established BMI loci does not provide added value independent of BMI. Future studies are required to validate the unexpected observed relation between monogenic obesity syndrome genetic variants and endometrial cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Prescott
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Veronica W. Setiawan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Herbert Yu
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ryan Delahanty
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chu Chen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Linda S. Cook
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Christine Friedenreich
- Division of Cancer Care, Department of Population Health Research, Alberta Health Services–Cancer Control Alberta, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Xiaolin Liang
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention, Cancer Center and M Sklodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | | | - Sara H. Olson
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Harvey A. Risch
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Giske Ursin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hannah P. Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Hui GQ, Wen GQ, Liu XH, Yang HP, Luo Q, Song HX, Wen L, Sun Y, Zhang HM. Quantitative trait locus analysis for kernel width using maize recombinant inbred lines. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:14496-502. [PMID: 26600508 DOI: 10.4238/2015.november.18.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) kernel width is one of the most important traits that is related to yield and appearance. To understand its genetic mechanisms more clearly, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) segregation population consisting of 239 RILs was used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping for kernel width. We found four QTLs on chromosomes 3 (one), 5 (two), and 10 (one). The QTLs were close to their adjacent markers, with a range of 0-23.8 cM, and explained 6.2-19.7% of the phenotypic variation. The three QTLs on chromosomes 3 and 5 had positive additive effects, and to a certain extent increased kernel width, whereas the one on chromosome 10 exhibited negative additive effects and decreased kernel width. These results can be used for gene cloning and marker-assisted selection in maize-breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Q Hui
- Maize Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinzhou, China
| | - G Q Wen
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - X H Liu
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - H P Yang
- Maize Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinzhou, China
| | - Q Luo
- Maize Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinzhou, China
| | - H X Song
- Biological Engineering College, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - L Wen
- Biological Engineering College, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Y Sun
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - H M Zhang
- Maize Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinzhou, China
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Trabert B, Wentzensen N, Felix AS, Yang HP, Sherman ME, Brinton LA. Metabolic syndrome and risk of endometrial cancer in the united states: a study in the SEER-medicare linked database. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:261-7. [PMID: 25587111 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome and its component feature, central obesity, are associated with endometrial cancer risk. It remains unclear whether associations with the other metabolic factors that comprise metabolic syndrome are independent of the obesity-endometrial cancer association. Furthermore, the link with specific endometrial cancer subtypes remains ill-defined, despite evidence of etiologic heterogeneity among these tumors. METHODS In a case-control study within the SEER-Medicare linked database, we examined whether metabolic factors, individually or combined, were associated with endometrial cancer. Cases (n = 16,323) were women diagnosed with endometrial cancer from 1993 through 2007. Controls (n = 100,751) were a 5% sample of female Medicare enrollees residing in the same SEER registry area as cases. Metabolic syndrome was defined using ICD-9-CM codes from inpatient/outpatient diagnoses 1 to 3 years before case diagnosis and a comparable time period in controls. ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS Endometrial cancer risk was associated with metabolic syndrome [OR (95% CI): 1.39 (1.32-1.47)] and its component factors: overweight/obesity [1.95 (1.80-2.11)], impaired fasting glucose [1.36 (1.30-1.43)], high blood pressure [1.31 (1.25-1.36)], and high triglycerides [1.13 (1.08-1.18)]. After adjusting for overweight/obesity, the increased risks associated with the metabolic syndrome factors remained. Heterogeneity of associations by subtype were not identified (Pheterogeneity = 0.82). CONCLUSIONS Among women age 65 and older in the United States, metabolic syndrome, and its component factors, increased endometrial cancer risk similarly across endometrial cancer subtypes. IMPACT Strategies to reduce the prevalence of metabolic syndrome factors might have a favorable effect on endometrial cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britton Trabert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ashley S Felix
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hannah P Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Louise A Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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Yang HP, Meeker A, Guido R, Gunter MJ, Huang GS, Luhn P, d'Ambrosio L, Wentzensen N, Sherman ME. PTEN expression in benign human endometrial tissue and cancer in relation to endometrial cancer risk factors. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:1729-36. [PMID: 26376893 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-015-0666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clonal loss of PTEN expression occurs frequently in endometrial carcinoma and endometrial hyperplasia. Limited data from immunohistochemical studies suggest that PTEN-null appearing endometrial glands are detectable in women without pathologic abnormalities, but the relationship of PTEN expression to endometrial cancer risk factors has not been extensively explored. We evaluated relationships between endometrial cancer risk factors and loss of PTEN expression in a set of benign endometrial samples prospectively collected from women undergoing hysterectomy and in endometrial cancer tissues from a population-based case-control study. METHODS We used a validated PTEN immunohistochemical assay to assess expression in epidemiological studies designed to assess benign endometrium [Benign Reproductive Tissue Evaluation Study (n = 73); Einstein Endometrium Study (n = 19)], and endometrial cancer [Polish Endometrial Cancer Study (n = 148)] tissues. Associations between endometrial cancer risk factors (collected via study-specific risk factor questionnaires) and PTEN expression in endometrial tissues were determined using Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS PTEN loss was detected in 19% of benign endometrial tissues versus 55% in endometrial cancers. NSAID use was statistically significantly associated with PTEN loss in the benign endometrium (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that PTEN loss is detectable in endometrial tissues that are benign and malignant, with substantially more frequent loss in endometrial cancer compared with benign endometrium. However, alterations in expression were unrelated to most risk factors in this analysis, except for the association with NSAID use, which may represent a chance finding or reverse causality among patients with endometriosis who may have PTEN pathway abnormalities in eutopic endometrium. Further evaluation of factors associated with PTEN loss and long-term follow-up of women with PTEN-null endometrial glands may be useful in understanding early events in endometrial carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah P Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room #7E238, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9774, USA.
| | - Alan Meeker
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard Guido
- Magee Women's Hospital of the UPMC System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Gloria S Huang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health; and Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Patricia Luhn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room #7E238, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9774, USA
| | - Lori d'Ambrosio
- Magee Women's Hospital of the UPMC System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room #7E238, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9774, USA
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room #7E238, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9774, USA.,Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Yang HP, Anderson WF, Trabert B, Rosenberg PS, Gierach GL, Bodelon C, Wentzensen N, Cronin KA, Sherman ME. Abstract 3700: Incidence trends of breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer among US women in relation to changing patterns of menopausal hormone therapy. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-3700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) increases risk of breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer. Following the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) report in 2002 linking MHT to increased breast cancer risk, both MHT use and breast cancer rates declined sharply in the US. Subsequently, we reported an accelerated decline in ovarian cancer rates after 2002 using age-period-cohort (APC) modeling to estimate period changes independent of age and birth cohort effects. Given links between MHT and risks for breast, ovarian and endometrial cancer, we compared changes in rates of these tumors following the WHI announcement in 2002 by applying a comparative APC modeling approach.
Methods: Using the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) database (1995-2010), we created three analytic files for women ages 50 to 84 years (surrogate for menopause): breast (ICD-0-3 codes C500-509; n = 1,597,409), endometrial (C540-549, C559; 340,498), and ovarian (C569; 174,755) cancers. We applied standard (SEER*STAT, joinpoint regression) and APC models to estimate cancer incidence rate changes pre- (1995-2002) and post- (2003-2010) WHI report, to assess temporal changes associated with the decline in MHT prescriptions.
Results: Although age-standardized breast cancer incidence was heterogeneous before and after WHI-report, APC models demonstrated a decline in rates after 2002. Age-standardized endometrial cancer rates declined 0.82%/year (95% CI: -1.44 to -0.19%/year) pre-WHI, after which the rates increased 1.03%/year (95% CI: 0.59 to 1.47%/year). APC models confirmed the increase for endometrial cancer post-WHI. Age-standardized ovarian cancer incidence declined 1.02%/year (95% CI: -1.55 to -0.48%/year) pre-WHI, after which the rates declined 2.36%/year (95% CI: -3.00 to -1.70%/year). APC models showed an accelerated decline in ovarian cancer incidence post-WHI.
Conclusion: Following a marked reduction in MHT use circa 2002, incidence rate trends changed somewhat differently for breast, endometrial and ovarian cancer. Specifically, rising breast cancer rates fell, decreasing endometrial cancer rates increased, and decreasing ovarian cancer rates fell more rapidly. Further analysis by age, race and histological subtype may provide insights into complex etiological differences between these hormone-related tumors.
Citation Format: Hannah P. Yang, William F. Anderson, Britton Trabert, Philip S. Rosenberg, Gretchen L. Gierach, Clara Bodelon, Nicolas Wentzensen, Kathleen A. Cronin, Mark E. Sherman. Incidence trends of breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer among US women in relation to changing patterns of menopausal hormone therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3700. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3700
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Mullooly M, Yang HP, Falk RT, Nyante S, Cora R, Pfeiffer RM, Radisky DC, Visscher DW, Hartmann LC, Degnim AC, Stanczyk FZ, Figueroa JF, Garcia-Closas M, Lissowska J, Troester MT, Brinton LA, Sherman ME, Gierach GL. Abstract 2767: Investigation of the relationship between crown-like structures and adipose tissue hormone levels among postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-2767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Increased levels of circulating estrogens are associated with elevated risks of postmenopausal breast cancer. Previously, we showed that levels of sex steroid hormones in breast adipose tissue are positively correlated with circulating hormones. Further evaluation of hormone levels in breast tissues may help to explain the relationship between estrogens and breast cancer risk. Specifically, data suggest that focal breast lesions consisting of macrophages encircling dying adipocytes, referred to as “crown-like structures (CLS)”, are associated with increased aromatase activity, which could increase conversion of androgens to estrogens locally in the breast. Therefore, we assessed whether the presence of CLS affects the correlations between blood and breast adipose tissue hormone levels. Methods: Participants included 84 postmenopausal women with invasive breast cancer in the Polish Breast Cancer Study, a population based case-control study conducted from 2000 to 2003. We previously reported sex steroid hormone levels in cancer-free breast adipose tissue removed as part of breast excisions performed for cancer. Here, using immunohistochemical stains, we evaluated the number of CD68 positive macrophages and the presence of full CLS (i.e., complete adipocyte encirclement) in benign breast tissue sections prepared from surgical pathology specimens containing breast cancer. The relationship between the number of CD68 positive macrophages per unit area of fat and hormone levels was examined using Spearman rank correlations (rs). We assessed potential effect modification of the association between blood and tissue hormone levels by presence or absence of CLS by including an interaction term in linear regression models. Results: The number of CD68 positive macrophages per unit area of fat was not significantly correlated with levels of estrone, estradiol, androstenedione or testosterone measured in blood (rs = 0.001, -0.04, -0.07, and -0.09, respectively; p>0.05) or breast adipose tissue (rs = -0.15, 0.06, -0.06, and -0.08, respectively; p>0.05). Correlations between serum and adipose tissue hormones did not statistically significantly differ between women with CLS (n = 30) compared to those without CLS (n = 54). CLS were found more frequently in breast adipose tissue from overweight (i.e., women with a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 29.9) (43%) and obese women (BMI >30) (30%) versus normal weight women, with (BMI between 18.5 and 24.9), (27%); (p = 0.04, χ2 test). The number of CD68 positive macrophages per unit area of fat was not significantly related to BMI (p = 0.31). Conclusion: Among postmenopausal women with invasive breast cancer, the presence of CLS was more common among overweight and obese women, but CLS did not influence the correlation between circulating and breast adipose tissue sex steroid hormone levels.
Citation Format: Maeve Mullooly, Hannah P. Yang, Roni T. Falk, Sarah Nyante, Renata Cora, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, Derek C. Radisky, Daniel W. Visscher, Lynn C. Hartmann, Amy C. Degnim, Frank Z. Stanczyk, Jonine F. Figueroa, Montserrat Garcia-Closas, Jolanta Lissowska, Melissa T. Troester, Louise A. Brinton, Mark E. Sherman, Gretchen L. Gierach. Investigation of the relationship between crown-like structures and adipose tissue hormone levels among postmenopausal women with breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2767. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2767
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeve Mullooly
- 1Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute and Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hannah P. Yang
- 2Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Roni T. Falk
- 2Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sarah Nyante
- 2Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Renata Cora
- 3Independent contractor, CT(ASCP), MB(ASCP), Stamford, CT
| | - Ruth M. Pfeiffer
- 4Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | | | - Frank Z. Stanczyk
- 6Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jonine F. Figueroa
- 2Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Jolanta Lissowska
- 8Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Cancer Center and M. Sklodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Melissa T. Troester
- 9Department of Epidemiology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Louise A. Brinton
- 2Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mark E. Sherman
- 10Breast and Gynecologic Cancer Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Gretchen L. Gierach
- 2Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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Wentzensen NA, Poole E, Arslan AA, Patel AV, Setiawan VW, Visvanathan K, Weiderpass E, White E, Adami HO, Brinton LA, Bernstein L, Buring J, Butler LM, Chamosa S, Clendenen TV, Dossus L, Fortner R, Gapstur SM, Gaudet MM, Gram IT, Hartge P, Hoffman-Bolton J, Idahl A, Jones M, Kaaks R, Kirsh V, Koh WP, Lacey JV, Lee IM, Lundin E, Merritt M, Peters U, Poynter J, Rinaldi S, Robien K, Rohan T, Sandler DP, Schouten LJ, Sjöholm L, Sieri S, Swerdlow A, Tjønneland A, Trabert B, Wilkens L, Wolk A, Yang HP, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Tworoger SS. Abstract 854: Ovarian cancer risk factors by histologic subtypes: evidence for etiologic heterogeneity. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: A subset of high grade serous carcinomas may arise from the fallopian tube, while some endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas may derive from endometrial tissue. Previous studies have suggested differences in ovarian cancer risk factors by histologic subtypes, but had limited sample sizes. In the Ovarian Cancer Cohort Consortium (OC3), we evaluated associations of reproductive, hormonal, demographic and lifestyle factors, and family history of cancer with ovarian cancer subtypes. Identification of potential differences in associations among subtypes is important for clarifying ovarian cancer etiology and for developing novel prevention and risk prediction approaches.
Methods: Among over 1.2 million women from 21 cohort studies, 4,347 ovarian cancers with histology information were identified during follow-up (3223 serous, 555 endometrioid, 316 mucinous, 253 clear cell). We used competing risks Cox proportional hazards regression to compute risk factor associations by histologic subtype. Models were stratified on study and year of birth and adjusted for age, parity and oral contraceptive use; subtype heterogeneity was evaluated by a likelihood ratio test. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was used to evaluate patterns of risk factors by histology.
Results: Most risk factors showed significant heterogeneity across histologic subtypes. Higher parity was most strongly associated with lower risks of endometrioid (RR per child: 0.79; 95%CI: 0.74-0.85) and clear cell (RR: 0.69; 95%CI: 0.61-0.78) carcinomas (p-het<0.0001). Age at menopause was positively and tubal ligation was inversely associated only with endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas (p-het = 0.02 and 0.003, respectively). Long-term menopausal hormone use (>5 years) was associated with endometrioid carcinomas (RR: 2.23; 95% CI: 1.46-3.42) and serous carcinomas (RR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.44-1.92), and inversely associated with clear cell carcinomas (RR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.20-0.91; p-het = 0.001). Family history of breast cancer was associated with increased risk of serous carcinomas (RR:1.13; 95% CI:1.02-1.27) and endometrioid carcinomas (RR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.12-1.87; p-het = 0.02). Smoking (per 20 pack years) showed a positive association with mucinous carcinomas (RR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.09-1.75) and an inverse association with clear cell carcinomas (RR:0.62; 95% CI: 0.46-0.85; p-het = 0.001). In unsupervised hierarchical clustering, serous and mucinous carcinomas clustered in one group and endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas in the other.
Conclusion: Our results demonstrate heterogeneous associations of risk factors with ovarian cancer subtypes, supporting the hypothesis that the subtypes develop through different pathways. Most established risk factors were more strongly associated with non-serous carcinomas, suggesting that risk prediction may be more challenging for serous cancers, the most fatal subtype.
Citation Format: Nicolas A. Wentzensen, Elizabeth Poole, Alan A. Arslan, Alpa V. Patel, V Wendy Setiawan, Kala Visvanathan, Elisabete Weiderpass, Emily White, Hans-Olov Adami, Louise A. Brinton, Leslie Bernstein, Julie Buring, Lesley M. Butler, Saioa Chamosa, Tess V. Clendenen, Laure Dossus, Renee Fortner, Susan M. Gapstur, Mia M. Gaudet, Inger Torhild Gram, Patricia Hartge, Judith Hoffman-Bolton, Annika Idahl, Michael Jones, Rudolf Kaaks, Vivki Kirsh, Woon-Puay Koh, James V. Lacey, I-Min Lee, Eva Lundin, Melissa Merritt, Ulrike Peters, Jenny Poynter, Sabina Rinaldi, Kim Robien, Thomas Rohan, Dale P. Sandler, Leo J. Schouten, Louise Sjöholm, Sabina Sieri, Anthony Swerdlow, Anne Tjønneland, Britton Trabert, Lynne Wilkens, Alicja Wolk, Hannah P. Yang, Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Shelley S. Tworoger. Ovarian cancer risk factors by histologic subtypes: evidence for etiologic heterogeneity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 854. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-854
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Poole
- 2Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Alan A. Arslan
- 3New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | - Emily White
- 8Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- 9Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Julie Buring
- 11Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Lesley M. Butler
- 12The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Saioa Chamosa
- 13BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Laure Dossus
- 14Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, France
| | - Renee Fortner
- 15German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Jones
- 19Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- 15German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vivki Kirsh
- 20Cancer Care Ontario and University of Toronto Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- 21Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore and National University of Singapore, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - I-Min Lee
- 11Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Ulrike Peters
- 8Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Jenny Poynter
- 23University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- 24International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Kim Robien
- 25George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Thomas Rohan
- 26Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Dale P. Sandler
- 27National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | | | | | - Sabina Sieri
- 29Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shelley S. Tworoger
- 11Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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Nagle CM, Dixon SC, Jensen A, Kjaer SK, Modugno F, deFazio A, Fereday S, Hung J, Johnatty SE, Fasching PA, Beckmann MW, Lambrechts D, Vergote I, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Lambrechts S, Risch HA, Rossing MA, Doherty JA, Wicklund KG, Chang-Claude J, Goodman MT, Ness RB, Moysich K, Heitz F, du Bois A, Harter P, Schwaab I, Matsuo K, Hosono S, Goode EL, Vierkant RA, Larson MC, Fridley BL, Høgdall C, Schildkraut JM, Weber RP, Cramer DW, Terry KL, Bandera EV, Paddock L, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Wentzensen N, Yang HP, Brinton LA, Lissowska J, Høgdall E, Lundvall L, Whittemore A, McGuire V, Sieh W, Rothstein J, Sutphen R, Anton-Culver H, Ziogas A, Pearce CL, Wu AH, Webb PM. Obesity and survival among women with ovarian cancer: results from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:817-26. [PMID: 26151456 PMCID: PMC4559823 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Observational studies have reported a modest association between obesity and risk of ovarian cancer; however, whether it is also associated with survival and whether this association varies for the different histologic subtypes are not clear. We undertook an international collaborative analysis to assess the association between body mass index (BMI), assessed shortly before diagnosis, progression-free survival (PFS), ovarian cancer-specific survival and overall survival (OS) among women with invasive ovarian cancer. Methods: We used original data from 21 studies, which included 12 390 women with ovarian carcinoma. We combined study-specific adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) using random-effects models to estimate pooled HRs (pHR). We further explored associations by histologic subtype. Results: Overall, 6715 (54%) deaths occurred during follow-up. A significant OS disadvantage was observed for women who were obese (BMI: 30–34.9, pHR: 1.10 (95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.99–1.23); BMI: ⩾35, pHR: 1.12 (95% CI: 1.01–1.25)). Results were similar for PFS and ovarian cancer-specific survival. In analyses stratified by histologic subtype, associations were strongest for women with low-grade serous (pHR: 1.12 per 5 kg m−2) and endometrioid subtypes (pHR: 1.08 per 5 kg m−2), and more modest for the high-grade serous (pHR: 1.04 per 5 kg m−2) subtype, but only the association with high-grade serous cancers was significant. Conclusions: Higher BMI is associated with adverse survival among the majority of women with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Nagle
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - S C Dixon
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - A Jensen
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S K Kjaer
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F Modugno
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, PA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pennsylvania, PA, USA.,Womens Cancer Research Program, Magee-Womens Research Institute and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - A deFazio
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Center for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at the Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - S Fereday
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J Hung
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Center for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at the Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - S E Johnatty
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - P A Fasching
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Vergote
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Van Nieuwenhuysen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Lambrechts
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M A Rossing
- Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J A Doherty
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - K G Wicklund
- Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M T Goodman
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R B Ness
- School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - K Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - F Heitz
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte/Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung/Knappschaft GmbH, Essen, Germany.,Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - A du Bois
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte/Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung/Knappschaft GmbH, Essen, Germany.,Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - P Harter
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte/Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung/Knappschaft GmbH, Essen, Germany.,Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - I Schwaab
- Institut für Humangenetik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - K Matsuo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - S Hosono
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - E L Goode
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - R A Vierkant
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M C Larson
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - B L Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - C Høgdall
- Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J M Schildkraut
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - R P Weber
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - D W Cramer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K L Terry
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E V Bandera
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - L Paddock
- New Jersey State Cancer Registry, Trenton, NJ, USA
| | - L Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - N Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - H P Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L A Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Høgdall
- Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Lundvall
- Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - V McGuire
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - W Sieh
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J Rothstein
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - R Sutphen
- Epidemiology Center, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - H Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - A Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - C L Pearce
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A H Wu
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - P M Webb
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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48
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Machiela MJ, Zhou W, Sampson JN, Dean MC, Jacobs KB, Black A, Brinton LA, Chang IS, Chen C, Chen C, Chen K, Cook LS, Crous Bou M, De Vivo I, Doherty J, Friedenreich CM, Gaudet MM, Haiman CA, Hankinson SE, Hartge P, Henderson BE, Hong YC, Hosgood HD, Hsiung CA, Hu W, Hunter DJ, Jessop L, Kim HN, Kim YH, Kim YT, Klein R, Kraft P, Lan Q, Lin D, Liu J, Le Marchand L, Liang X, Lissowska J, Lu L, Magliocco AM, Matsuo K, Olson SH, Orlow I, Park JY, Pooler L, Prescott J, Rastogi R, Risch HA, Schumacher F, Seow A, Setiawan VW, Shen H, Sheng X, Shin MH, Shu XO, VanDen Berg D, Wang JC, Wentzensen N, Wong MP, Wu C, Wu T, Wu YL, Xia L, Yang HP, Yang PC, Zheng W, Zhou B, Abnet CC, Albanes D, Aldrich MC, Amos C, Amundadottir LT, Berndt SI, Blot WJ, Bock CH, Bracci PM, Burdett L, Buring JE, Butler MA, Carreón T, Chatterjee N, Chung CC, Cook MB, Cullen M, Davis FG, Ding T, Duell EJ, Epstein CG, Fan JH, Figueroa JD, Fraumeni JF, Freedman ND, Fuchs CS, Gao YT, Gapstur SM, Patiño-Garcia A, Garcia-Closas M, Gaziano JM, Giles GG, Gillanders EM, Giovannucci EL, Goldin L, Goldstein AM, Greene MH, Hallmans G, Harris CC, Henriksson R, Holly EA, Hoover RN, Hu N, Hutchinson A, Jenab M, Johansen C, Khaw KT, Koh WP, Kolonel LN, Kooperberg C, Krogh V, Kurtz RC, LaCroix A, Landgren A, Landi MT, Li D, Liao LM, Malats N, McGlynn KA, McNeill LH, McWilliams RR, Melin BS, Mirabello L, Peplonska B, Peters U, Petersen GM, Prokunina-Olsson L, Purdue M, Qiao YL, Rabe KG, Rajaraman P, Real FX, Riboli E, Rodríguez-Santiago B, Rothman N, Ruder AM, Savage SA, Schwartz AG, Schwartz KL, Sesso HD, Severi G, Silverman DT, Spitz MR, Stevens VL, Stolzenberg-Solomon R, Stram D, Tang ZZ, Taylor PR, Teras LR, Tobias GS, Viswanathan K, Wacholder S, Wang Z, Weinstein SJ, Wheeler W, White E, Wiencke JK, Wolpin BM, Wu X, Wunder JS, Yu K, Zanetti KA, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Ziegler RG, de Andrade M, Barnes KC, Beaty TH, Bierut LJ, Desch KC, Doheny KF, Feenstra B, Ginsburg D, Heit JA, Kang JH, Laurie CA, Li JZ, Lowe WL, Marazita ML, Melbye M, Mirel DB, Murray JC, Nelson SC, Pasquale LR, Rice K, Wiggs JL, Wise A, Tucker M, Pérez-Jurado LA, Laurie CC, Caporaso NE, Yeager M, Chanock SJ. Characterization of large structural genetic mosaicism in human autosomes. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 96:487-97. [PMID: 25748358 PMCID: PMC4375431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Analyses of genome-wide association study (GWAS) data have revealed that detectable genetic mosaicism involving large (>2 Mb) structural autosomal alterations occurs in a fraction of individuals. We present results for a set of 24,849 genotyped individuals (total GWAS set II [TGSII]) in whom 341 large autosomal abnormalities were observed in 168 (0.68%) individuals. Merging data from the new TGSII set with data from two prior reports (the Gene-Environment Association Studies and the total GWAS set I) generated a large dataset of 127,179 individuals; we then conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the patterns of detectable autosomal mosaicism (n = 1,315 events in 925 [0.73%] individuals). Restricting to events >2 Mb in size, we observed an increase in event frequency as event size decreased. The combined results underscore that the rate of detectable mosaicism increases with age (p value = 5.5 × 10(-31)) and is higher in men (p value = 0.002) but lower in participants of African ancestry (p value = 0.003). In a subset of 47 individuals from whom serial samples were collected up to 6 years apart, complex changes were noted over time and showed an overall increase in the proportion of mosaic cells as age increased. Our large combined sample allowed for a unique ability to characterize detectable genetic mosaicism involving large structural events and strengthens the emerging evidence of non-random erosion of the genome in the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Weiyin Zhou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael C Dean
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kevin B Jacobs
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; BioInformed LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Louise A Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - I-Shou Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chu Chen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Constance Chen
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kexin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300040, People's Republic of China
| | - Linda S Cook
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Marta Crous Bou
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer Doherty
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03755, USA
| | - Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Population Health Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Patricia Hartge
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - H Dean Hosgood
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Chao A Hsiung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lea Jessop
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hee Nam Kim
- Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeul Hong Kim
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert Klein
- Program in Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dongxin Lin
- Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore; School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Xiaolin Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Sara H Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu 101, Republic of Korea
| | - Loreall Pooler
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Jennifer Prescott
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Radhai Rastogi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Adeline Seow
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Veronica Wendy Setiawan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention, and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Sheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Min-Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwanju 501-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David VanDen Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jiu-Cun Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria Pik Wong
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430400, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 515200, People's Republic of China
| | - Lucy Xia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Hannah P Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Baosen Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Melinda C Aldrich
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Christopher Amos
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Laufey T Amundadottir
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Cathryn H Bock
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Paige M Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Laurie Burdett
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mary A Butler
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
| | - Tania Carreón
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Charles C Chung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael B Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael Cullen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Faith G Davis
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Ti Ding
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, People's Republic of China
| | - Eric J Duell
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment, and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute,, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Caroline G Epstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jin-Hu Fan
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jonine D Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joseph F Fraumeni
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotaong University Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Ana Patiño-Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31080, Spain
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Divisions of Preventive Medicine and Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center and Cooperative Studies Programs, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria and Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Gillanders
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lynn Goldin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark H Greene
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Goran Hallmans
- Nutritional Research Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Roger Henriksson
- Department of Oncology, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth A Holly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nan Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mazda Jenab
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon 69372, France
| | - Christoffer Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Finsen Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark; Unit of Survivorship Research, Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Laurence N Kolonel
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Robert C Kurtz
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrea LaCroix
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Annelie Landgren
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Linda M Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nuria Malats
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Katherine A McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lorna H McNeill
- Department of Health Disparities Research, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Community-Engaged Translational Research, Duncan Family Institute, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Beatrice S Melin
- Department of Oncology, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Lisa Mirabello
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Beata Peplonska
- Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz 91-348, Poland
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Gloria M Petersen
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - You-Lin Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Kari G Rabe
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Preetha Rajaraman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Francisco X Real
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid 28029, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Elio Riboli
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Benjamín Rodríguez-Santiago
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Quantitative Genomic Medicine Laboratory, qGenomics, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Avima M Ruder
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ann G Schwartz
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kendra L Schwartz
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria and Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Human Genetics Foundation, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Victoria L Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | | | - Daniel Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ze-Zhong Tang
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, People's Republic of China
| | - Philip R Taylor
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lauren R Teras
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Geoffrey S Tobias
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kala Viswanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Sholom Wacholder
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William Wheeler
- Information Management Services Inc., Calverton, MD 20904, USA
| | - Emily White
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - John K Wiencke
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Brian M Wolpin
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jay S Wunder
- Division of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Krista A Zanetti
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA; Perlmutter Cancer Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Regina G Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mariza de Andrade
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kathleen C Barnes
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Terri H Beaty
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Karl C Desch
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kimberly F Doheny
- Center for Inherited Disease Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Bjarke Feenstra
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen 2300, Denmark
| | - David Ginsburg
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John A Heit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jae H Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cecilia A Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jun Z Li
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - William L Lowe
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208, USA
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Mads Melbye
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen 2300, Denmark; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel B Mirel
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Sarah C Nelson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Louis R Pasquale
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kenneth Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Janey L Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anastasia Wise
- Office of Population Genomics, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Margaret Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luis A Pérez-Jurado
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Cathy C Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Felix AS, Sherman ME, Hewitt SM, Gunja MZ, Yang HP, Cora RL, Boudreau V, Ylaya K, Lissowska J, Brinton LA, Wentzensen N. Cell-cycle protein expression in a population-based study of ovarian and endometrial cancers. Front Oncol 2015; 5:25. [PMID: 25709969 PMCID: PMC4321403 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors is implicated in the carcinogenesis of many cancers, including ovarian and endometrial cancers. We examined associations between CDK inhibitor expression, cancer risk factors, tumor characteristics, and survival outcomes among ovarian and endometrial cancer patients enrolled in a population-based case-control study. Expression (negative vs. positive) of three CDK inhibitors (p16, p21, and p27) and ki67 was examined with immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between biomarkers, risk factors, and tumor characteristics. Survival outcomes were only available for ovarian cancer patients and examined using Kaplan-Meier plots and Cox proportional hazards regression. Among ovarian cancer patients (n = 175), positive p21 expression was associated with endometrioid tumors (OR = 12.22, 95% CI = 1.45-102.78) and higher overall survival (log-rank p = 0.002). In Cox models adjusted for stage, grade, and histology, the association between p21 expression and overall survival was borderline significant (hazard ratio = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.42-1.05). Among endometrial cancer patients (n = 289), positive p21 expression was inversely associated with age (OR ≥ 65 years of age = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.07-0.84) and current smoking status (OR: 0.33, 95% CI 0.15, 0.72) compared to negative expression. Our study showed heterogeneity in expression of cell-cycle proteins associated with risk factors and tumor characteristics of gynecologic cancers. Future studies to assess these markers of etiological classification and behavior may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S Felix
- Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA ; Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Breast and Gynecologic Cancer Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Munira Z Gunja
- Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Hannah P Yang
- Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Renata L Cora
- Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Vicky Boudreau
- Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Kris Ylaya
- Tissue Array Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Louise A Brinton
- Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
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Yang HP, Schneider SS, Chisholm CM, Browne EP, Mahmood S, Gierach GL, Lenington S, Anderton DL, Sherman ME, Arcaro KF. Association of TGF-β2 levels in breast milk with severity of breast biopsy diagnosis. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:345-54. [PMID: 25604865 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0498-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE TGF-β plays a dual role in breast carcinogenesis, acting at early stages as tumor-suppressors and later as tumor-promoters. TGF-β isoforms are expressed in breast tissues and secreted in milk, suggesting that analysis of levels in milk might be informative for breast cancer risk. Accordingly, we assessed TGF-β2 levels in milk from women who had undergone a breast biopsy and related the concentrations to diagnosis. METHODS Milk donated by women who had undergone or were scheduled for a breast biopsy was shipped on ice for processing and testing. Breast cancer risk factors were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire, and biopsy diagnoses were extracted from pathology reports. TGF-β2 levels in milk, assessed as absolute levels and in relation to total protein, were analyzed in bilateral samples donated by 182 women. Linear regression was used to estimate relationships of log-transformed TGF-β2 levels and TGF-β2/ total protein ratios to biopsy category. RESULTS Milk TGF-β2 levels from biopsied and non-biopsied breasts within women were highly correlated (r (2) = 0.77). Higher mean TGF-β2 milk levels (based on average of bilateral samples) were marginally associated with more severe breast pathological diagnosis, after adjusting for duration of nursing current child (adjusted p trend = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Our exploratory analysis suggests a borderline significant association between higher mean TGF-β2 levels in breast milk and more severe pathologic diagnoses. Further analysis of TGF-β signaling in milk may increase understanding of postpartum remodeling and advance efforts to analyze milk as a means of assessing risk of breast pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah P Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 7E-238 , Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,
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