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Zhao H, Bi F, Li M, Diao Y, Zhang C. E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF180 impairs IPO4/SOX2 complex stability and inhibits SOX2-mediated malignancy in ovarian cancer. Cell Signal 2024; 113:110961. [PMID: 37923100 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
RING finger protein 180 (RNF180), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is thought to be a tumor suppressor gene. However, the detailed mechanism of its effect on ovarian cancer (OV) has not been elucidated. Importin 4 (IPO4) which belongs to transport protein is reported to have cancer-promoting effects on OV. Here, we explored the potential signaling pathways related to RNF180 and IPO4. It was first verified that RNF180 is downregulated and IPO4 is upregulated in OV. By overexpressing or knocking down RNF180 in OV cells, we confirmed that RNF180 inhibited the malignant behaviors of OV cells both in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis and proteomics experiments found that RNF180 could interact with IPO4 and promote the degradation of IPO4 through ubiquitination. In addition, overexpression of IPO4 removed the inhibitory effect of RNF180 on OV. We subsequently found that IPO4 could bind to the oncogene Sex determining Region Y-box 2 (SOX2). Knockdown of IPO4 in OV cells decreased SOX2 protein level in nucleus and promoted cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitory protein-1 (p21) expression. Overexpression of RNF180 also inhibited the expression of SOX2 in nucleus. All these results indicated that RNF180 inhibited the nuclear translocation of SOX2 by promoting ubiquitination of IPO4, which ultimately promoted the expression of p21 and then suppressed the progression of OV. This study verified the tumor suppressor effect of RNF180 on OV, elucidated the mechanism of the molecule network related to RNF180 and IPO4 in OV and identified for OV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fangfang Bi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuhan Diao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Zhao N, Wang C, Guo P, Hou J, Yang H, Lan T, Zhou Y, Li J, Bhawal UK, Liu Y. CCDC106 promotes the proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer cells by suppressing p21 transcription through a p53-independent pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10956-10972. [PMID: 35484984 PMCID: PMC9208459 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2066759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancers are the major cause of mortality for women worldwide. This study was aimed to elucidate the biological activities of CCDC106 in the proliferation and invasion of mutant p53 and of wild-type p53 ovarian cancer cells. CAOV3 (mutant p53) cells showed high expression levels of CCDC106, but it was expressed at low levels in SKOV3 (mutant p53) and in A2780 (wild-type p53) cells. The overexpression of CCDC106 promoted the expression of proliferation markers (cyclin family members), invasion and Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers (claudin-1, claudin-4, N-cadherin, snail, slug) while the knockdown of CCDC106 inhibited their expression in mutant p53 cells but not in wild-type p53 cells. Treatment with a CK2 inhibitor blocked the translocation of CCDC106 into the nuclei of mutant p53 cells. Immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that ATF4 is a potential binding partner of CCDC106. The overexpression of CCDC106 reduced p21 and p27 protein expression levels while treatment with an ATF4 siRNA rescued their expression. The overexpression of CCDC106 promoted colony formation and invasion of mutant p53 cells, which was suppressed by treatment with an ATF4 siRNA. Immunohistochemistry results showed that CCDC106 and ATF4 are expressed at high levels but p21 is expressed at low levels in FIGO III-IV stage and in mutant p53 ovarian cancer samples. A significant association between poor overall survival and high CCDC106 and ATF4 expression levels was observed in human ovarian cancer samples. In conclusion, CCDC106 promotes proliferation, invasion and EMT of mutant p53 ovarian cancer cells via the ATF4 mediated inhibition of p21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Histology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Peng Guo
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Lan
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yehan Zhou
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ujjal K Bhawal
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yang Liu
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Haręża DA, Wilczyński JR, Paradowska E. Human Papillomaviruses as Infectious Agents in Gynecological Cancers―Oncogenic Properties of Viral Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031818. [PMID: 35163748 PMCID: PMC8836588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), which belong to the Papillomaviridae family, constitute a group of small nonenveloped double-stranded DNA viruses. HPV has a small genome that only encodes a few proteins, and it is also responsible for 5% of all human cancers, including cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers. HPV types may be classified as high- and low-risk genotypes (HR-HPVs and LR-HPVs, respectively) according to their oncogenic potential. HR-HPV 16 and 18 are the most common types worldwide and are the primary types that are responsible for most HPV-related cancers. The activity of the viral E6 and E7 oncoproteins, which interfere with critical cell cycle points such as suppressive tumor protein p53 (p53) and retinoblastoma protein (pRB), is the major contributor to HPV-induced neoplastic initiation and progression of carcinogenesis. In addition, the E5 protein might also play a significant role in tumorigenesis. The role of HPV in the pathogenesis of gynecological cancers is still not fully understood, which indicates a wide spectrum of potential research areas. This review focuses on HPV biology, the distribution of HPVs in gynecological cancers, the properties of viral oncoproteins, and the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria A. Haręża
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland;
- BioMedChem Doctoral School of the University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek R. Wilczyński
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Gynecology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Edyta Paradowska
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-272-3629; Fax: +48-42-272-3630
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Singh S, Pavuluri S, Jyothi Lakshmi B, Biswa BB, Venkatachalam B, Tripura C, Kumar S. Molecular characterization of Wdr13 knockout female mice uteri: a model for human endometrial hyperplasia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14621. [PMID: 32883989 PMCID: PMC7471898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70773-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is a condition where uterine endometrial glands show excessive proliferation of epithelial cells that may subsequently progress into endometrial cancer (EC). Modern lifestyle disorders such as obesity, hormonal changes and hyperinsulinemia are known risk factors for EH. A mouse strain that mimics most of these risk factors would be an ideal model to study the stage-wise progression of EH disease and develop suitable treatment strategies. Wdr13, an X-linked gene, is evolutionarily conserved and expressed in several tissues including uteri. In the present study, Wdr13 knockout female mice developed benign proliferative epithelium that progressed into EH at around one year of age accompanied by an increase in body weight and elevated estradiol levels. Molecular characterization studies revealed increase in ERα, PI3K and a decrease in PAX2 and ERβ proteins in Wdr13 mutant mice uteri. Further, a decrease in the mRNA levels of cell cycle inhibitors, namely; p21 and cyclin G2 was seen. Leukocyte infiltration was observed in the uterine tissue of knockout mice at around 12 months of age. These physiological, molecular and pathological patterns were similar to those routinely seen in human EH disease and demonstrated the importance of WDR13 in mice uterine tissue. Thus, the genetic loss of Wdr13 in these mice led to mimicking of the human EH associated metabolic disorders making Wdr13 knockout female mice a potential animal model to study human endometrial hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalu Singh
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Sivapriya Pavuluri
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - B Jyothi Lakshmi
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Bhim B Biswa
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Bharathi Venkatachalam
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Chaturvedula Tripura
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India.
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Skirnisdottir I, Akerud H, Seidal T, Sundstrom-Poromaa I. Cell Cycle Regulator p27 Mediates Body Mass Index Effects in Ovarian Cancer in FIGO-stages I-II. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2019; 16:443-450. [PMID: 31659099 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI), the biomarker p27, and the clinical factors in FIGO-stages I-II ovarian cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 128 patients with ovarian cancer were included in the study. For testing differences in univariate analyzes we used the Pearson's Chi-square test and the log-rank test. For multivariate analyses the logistic regression and Cox regression models were used with recurrent disease and disease-free survival as endpoints, respectively. RESULTS Patients with BMI ≤25 kg/m2 had a significantly better 5-year disease-free survival compared with patients with BMI >25 kg/m2 in the total series of patients (p=0.008), and in the series of patients (n=77) with non-serous tumors (p=0.047). Patients with p27-positive non-serous tumors had higher survival compared to patients with p27-negative non-serous tumors (p=0.020). CONCLUSION The cell cycle regulator p27 mediates BMI effects in ovarian cancer in FIGO-stages I-II.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena Akerud
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Seidal
- Department of Pathology, Halmstad Medical Center Hospital, Halmstad, Sweden
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Atta IS. Study of the Association of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog and p27 Expressions in Endometrial Hyperplasia and Carcinoma. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2019; 7:109-116. [PMID: 31548921 PMCID: PMC6753695 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_54_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and p27 are commonly mutated gene in endometrial carcinoma (EC) and their association in development of EC has not been fully understood. The Aim of the Study: The aim is to clarify the association of PTEN and p27 in EC and their correlation with the histologic grade. Material and Methods: Paraffin-embedded 20 and 50 specimens representing EH and EC were collected, cut into 4 mm thick and stained with H&E stain for histopathological examination. All EC cases were graded according to the percentage of nonsquamous solid pattern into 3 grades. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses were done using a rabbit polyclonal anti-PTEN antibody and a rabbit monoclonal anti-p27 antibody. Evaluation of reactivity was categorized: 1+ (weak) = less than 10%, 2+ (moderate) = 11 to 50% and 3+ (strong) = more than 50% tumor. t-test, one way ANOVA and chi-square test were used in the statistical analysis. Results: Loss of PTEN was seen in 7/20 (35%) and 29/50 (58%) of EH and EC cases with significance (P =0.01824), opposite to 17/20 (85%) and 25/50 (50%) of p27 (P = 0.00334). Both antibodies showed significance in EH cases only (P = 0.00019). No correlation with the histological grade for both antibodies. Four major categories were formulated; PTEN+/p27+ (n = 2, 14, 10%, 28%), PTEN+/p27- (n = 5, 7; 25% and 14%), PTEN-/p27+ (n = 1, 11; 5%, 22%) PTEN-/p27- (n = 12, 18; 60%, 36%) cases of EH and EC, respectively with no significant difference obtained. Conclusion: Not all cases of PTEN negative EC showing p27 loss and vice versa. Despite many studies reacted with PTEN and p27 expression in EC, none of them is confirmatory to adjust the correlation between them in EC. So, more studies must be done to correlate between the degree of PTEN loss and p27 comprising all subtypes and grading of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Shafek Atta
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
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Qiu D, Cai W, Zhang Z, Li H, Zhou D. High Ki-67 expression is significantly associated with poor prognosis of ovarian cancer patients: evidence from a meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2019; 299:1415-1427. [PMID: 30761416 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-019-05082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prognostic significance of Ki-67 expression in patients with ovarian cancer was controversial in various studies. Therefore, we carried out a meta-analysis to determine the prognostic significance of Ki-67 in ovarian cancer patients. METHODS We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Knowledge, China National Knowledge Infrastructure database and WanFang digital database for eligible studies from January 1, 1990 to June 1, 2017. The pooled hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess the prognostic significance of Ki-67 expression for overall survival in ovarian cancer patients. RESULTS Finally, 38 eligible studies and 5004 ovarian cancer patients were included in the current study. The pooled hazard ratio was 1.35 (95% confidence interval 1.24-1.46, P = 0.001) for overall survival in ovarian cancer patients. The funnel plot bias was obviously asymmetrical and Egger's test also detected significant publication bias (P = 0.001). The Contour-enhanced funnel plot with trim-and-fill method supplemented 11 dummy studies to balance the funnel plot and nine new supplementary studies were in area with statistical significance. Sensitivity analysis and cumulative meta-analysis further demonstrated that the association between high Ki-67 expression and poor overall survival of ovarian cancer patients was stable and reliable. CONCLUSIONS High Ki-67 expression is significantly related to poor overall survival and may serve as a prognostic biomarker for ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Chencun Hospital of Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shunde, 528300, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqiu Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Chencun Hospital of Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shunde, 528300, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiao Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Chencun Hospital of Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shunde, 528300, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Chencun Hospital of Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shunde, 528300, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Chencun Hospital of Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shunde, 528300, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Heckl M, Schmoeckel E, Hertlein L, Rottmann M, Jeschke U, Mayr D. The ARID1A, p53 and ß-Catenin statuses are strong prognosticators in clear cell and endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary and the endometrium. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192881. [PMID: 29451900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of ARID1A, p53, p21, p16 and ß-Catenin in endometrioid and clear cell ovarian and endometrial carcinomas. Materials and methods 97 tumors were available for analysis of ARID1A, p53, p21, p16 and ß-Catenin with the techniques of tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. 32 were ovarian carcinomas and 65 were endometrial carcinomas. Results Endometrioid ovarian carcinomas showed negative staining for ARID1A (a) and p21 (b), aberrant expression of p53 (c) and p16 (d) and ß-Catenin positive nuclear expression (e) respectively in 19% (a), 100% (b), 28.6% (c), 52.4% (d) and 4.8% (e) of all cases. In the group of clear cell ovarian carcinomas it was 63.6% (a), 100% (b), 81.8% (c), 54.5% (d) and 0% (e). For endometrioid uterine carcinomas it was 75.7% (a), 94.9% (b), 30.5% (c), 52.1% (d) and 6.8% (e) and for clear cell uterine carcinomas it was 8.6% (a), 100% (b), 50% (c), 100% (d) and 0% (e). Survival analysis showed that negative expression of ARID1A, p53 aberrant expression and ß-Catenin nuclear positive staining are independent negative prognosticators in both, clear cell and endometrioid carcinoma, regardless of ovarian or uterine origin. Cox-Regression analysis showed them again as negative prognostic factors. Furthermore, we found a significant correlation between ARID1A and ß-Catenin expression in endometrioid uterine tumors. Conclusion The analyzed gynaecological carcinoma showed a distinct expression scheme of proteins that are associated with tumor suppression. We may conclude that ARID1A, p53 and ß-Catenin are the strongest prognostic factors by analyzing a subgroup of tumor suppressor genes in clear cell and endometrioid subtypes of ovarian and endometrial cancer and may be used along with traditional morphological and clinical characteristics for prognosis.
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de Cristofaro T, Di Palma T, Soriano AA, Monticelli A, Affinito O, Cocozza S, Zannini M. Candidate genes and pathways downstream of PAX8 involved in ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:41929-41947. [PMID: 27259239 PMCID: PMC5173106 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the biology and molecular pathogenesis of ovarian epithelial cancer (EOC) is key to developing improved diagnostic and prognostic indicators and effective therapies. Although research has traditionally focused on the hypothesis that high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) arises from the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE), recent studies suggest that additional sites of origin exist and a substantial proportion of cases may arise from precursor lesions located in the Fallopian tubal epithelium (FTE). In FTE cells, the transcription factor PAX8 is a marker of the secretory cell lineage and its expression is retained in 96% of EOC. We have recently reported that PAX8 is involved in the tumorigenic phenotype of ovarian cancer cells. In this study, to uncover genes and pathways downstream of PAX8 involved in ovarian carcinoma we have determined the molecular profiles of ovarian cancer cells and in parallel of Fallopian tube epithelial cells by means of a silencing approach followed by an RNA-seq analysis. Interestingly, we highlighted the involvement of pathways like WNT signaling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, p53 and apoptosis. We believe that our analysis has led to the identification of candidate genes and pathways regulated by PAX8 that could be additional targets for the therapy of ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana de Cristofaro
- IEOS, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Tina Di Palma
- IEOS, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Amata Amy Soriano
- IEOS, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Monticelli
- IEOS, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Ornella Affinito
- IEOS, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Cocozza
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariastella Zannini
- IEOS, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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Castle PE, Pierz A, Stoler MH. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the attribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in neuroendocrine cancers of the cervix. Gynecol Oncol 2018; 148:422-9. [PMID: 29248196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There remains uncertainty about the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in causing small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNC) and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNC) of the cervix. To clarify the role of HPV in the development of SCNC and LCNC, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses. METHODS PubMed and Embase were searched to initially identify 143 articles published on or before June 1, 2017. Studies were limited to methods that tested for HPV in the cancer tissue directly to minimize misattribution. Thirty-two studies with 403 SCNC and 9 studies of 45 LCNC were included in the analysis. RESULTS For SCNC, 85% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]=71%-94%) were HPV positive, 78% (95%CI=64%-90%) were HPV16 and/or HPV18 positive, 51% (95%CI=39%-64%) were singly HPV18 positive, and 10% (95%CI=4%-19%) were singly HPV16 positive. In a subset of 5 SCNC studies (75 cases), 93% were positive for p16INK4a by immunohistochemistry and 100% were HPV positive. For LCNC, 88% (95%CI=72%-99%) were HPV positive, 86% (95%CI=70%-98%) were positive for HPV16 or HPV18, 30% were singly HPV18 positive (95%CI=4%-60%), and 29% (95%CI=2%-64%) were singly HPV16 positive. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, most SCNC and LCNC are caused by HPV, primarily HPV18 and HPV16. Therefore, most if not all SCNC and LCNC will be prevented by currently available prophylactic HPV vaccines.
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Eritja N, Yeramian A, Chen BJ, Llobet-Navas D, Ortega E, Colas E, Abal M, Dolcet X, Reventos J, Matias-Guiu X. Endometrial Carcinoma: Specific Targeted Pathways. Adv Exp Med Biol 2017; 943:149-207. [PMID: 27910068 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43139-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the western world with more than 280,000 cases per year worldwide. Prognosis for EC at early stages, when primary surgical resection is the most common initial treatment, is excellent. Five-year survival rate is around 70 %.Several molecular alterations have been described in the different types of EC. They occur in genes involved in important signaling pathways. In this chapter, we will review the most relevant altered pathways in EC, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK, Tyrosine kinase, WNT/β-Catenin, cell cycle, and TGF-β signaling pathways. At the end of the chapter, the most significant clinical trials will be briefly discussed.This information is important to identify specific targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Eritja
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Andree Yeramian
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Bo-Juen Chen
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, 10013, USA
| | - David Llobet-Navas
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Eugenia Ortega
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Eva Colas
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational and Pediatric Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Abal
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- Translational Medical Oncology, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Xavier Dolcet
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jaume Reventos
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational and Pediatric Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
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Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy in the United States, and prognosis is generally poor because the disease is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are a family of serine/threonine kinases whose activity is regulated by CDK inhibitors (CKIs) and cyclins. Generally, cyclins and CKIs promote and inhibit CDK activation, respectively. Since cancer commonly involves dysregulation of cell cycle, cyclins and CDKs have been targeted in a variety of tumors using small molecules, peptides, immunotherapy, and CKIs. In this review we discuss the significance of cell cycle dysregulation in ovarian cancer as well as recent advances targeting CDKs in ovarian cancer and potential future directions. Although many of the studies assessing CDK-targeting therapies in ovarian cancer are at an early preclinical stage, there is significant evidence that targeting CDKs, particularly in combination with traditional platinum-based drugs, could have significant efficacy in ovarian cancer. Nevertheless, before these agents can be investigated in humans, additional preclinical development is needed, including using in vivo tumor models and additional studies into their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The Affiliate Hospital of Guizhou Medical University , Guizhou , China
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13
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Conway K, Edmiston SN, Parrish E, Bryant C, Tse CK, Swift-Scanlan T, McCullough LE, Kuan PF. Breast tumor DNA methylation patterns associated with smoking in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 163:349-61. [PMID: 28275920 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tobacco smoking is a risk factor in several cancers, yet its roles as a putative etiologic exposure or poor prognostic factor in breast cancer are less clear. Altered DNA methylation contributes to breast cancer development and may provide a mechanistic link between smoking and gene expression changes leading to cancer development or progression. METHODS Using a cancer-focused array, we examined methylation at 933 CpGs in 517 invasive breast tumors in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study to determine whether methylation patterns differ by exposure to tobacco smoke. Multivariable generalized linear regression models were used to compare tumor methylation profiles between smokers and never smokers, overall, or stratified on hormone receptor (HR) status. RESULTS Modest differences in CpG methylation were detected at p < 0.05 in breast tumors from current or ever smokers compared with never smokers. In stratified analyses, HR- tumors from smokers exhibited primarily hypomethylation compared with tumors from never smokers; hypomethylation was similarly detected within the more homogeneous basal-like subtype. Most current smoking-associated CpG loci exhibited methylation levels in former smokers that were intermediate between those in current and never smokers and exhibited progressive changes in methylation with increasing duration of smoking. Among former smokers, restoration of methylation toward baseline (never smoking) levels was observed with increasing time since quitting. Moreover, smoking-related hypermethylation was stronger in HR+ breast tumors from blacks than in whites. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that breast tumor methylation patterns differ with tobacco smoke exposure; however, additional studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Zhan YY, Wang JH, Tian X, Feng SX, Xue L, Tian LP. Protective effects of seed melon extract on CCl 4-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 193:531-537. [PMID: 27717904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Citrullus lanatus ssp. vulgaris var. megalaspermus Lin et Chao, was also known as watermelon belongs to family Cucurbitaceae, variously used as healthy food and in the treatment of liver and lungs problems. Currently, Citrullus lanatus has become a major economic crop of medicinal and edible effects with regional characteristics. AIM This study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of the seed melon (Citrullus lanatus ssp. vulgaris var. megalaspermus Lin et Chao) extract (SME) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, mice were randomly divided into 7 groups, including normal control, model, silymarin tablets as the positive control, SME 100, 200, 400, and 800mg/kg. After 8 weeks, activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglycerides (TG), hyaluronic acid (HA) and laminin (LN) were checked. The levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutataion (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were determined after SME administration. The hydroxyproline (HYP) levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and histopathologic examinations of hepatocyte fibrosis were also determined. Additionally, effects of SME on alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor beta-1(TGF-β1) protein expressions were determined. RESULTS We found that SME could significantly lower the serum levels of hepatic enzyme markers AST, ALT, HA and LN (P<0.01). Compared with the CCl4-only treatment group, levels of hepatic SOD and GSH-Px were significantly increased, and the MDA levels were remarkably decreased in mice treated by SME at medium dose (400mg/kg) and high dose (800mg/kg) (P<0.01). A histological examination of the liver showed that lesions, including necrosis, lymphocyte infiltration and fatty degeneration, were partially healed by treatment with SME. The results of protein expressions studies displayed that SME could inhibit α-SMA and TGF-β1 protein expression (P<0.01). CONCLUSION The present results suggested that protective effect of SME against CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis may rely on its effect on reducing oxidative stress and improving drug metabolizing enzyme activity in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Jin-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Shi-Xiu Feng
- Shenzhen Fairy Lake Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China
| | - Lin Xue
- Shihezi Vegetable Research Institute, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Li-Ping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.
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Cabral VD, Cerski MR, Sa Brito IT, Kliemann LM. p14 expression differences in ovarian benign, borderline and malignant epithelial tumors. J Ovarian Res 2016; 9:69. [PMID: 27770808 PMCID: PMC5075411 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-016-0275-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities in tumor suppressors p14, p16 and p53 are reported in several human cancers. In ovarian epithelial carcinogenesis, p16 and p53 show higher immunohistochemical staining frequencies in malignant tumors and are associated with poor prognoses. p14 was only analyzed in carcinomas, with conflicting results. There are no reports on its expression in benign and borderline tumors. This study aims to determine p14, p16 and p53 expression frequencies in ovarian benign, borderline and malignant tumors and their associations with clinical parameters. METHODS A cross-sectional study utilizing immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded ovarian epithelial tumor samples. Clinical data were collected from medical records. Fisher's exact test and the Bonferroni correction were performed for frequency associations. Survival comparisons utilized Kaplan-Meier and log rank testing. Associations were considered significant when p < 0.05. RESULTS p14 absent expression was associated with malignant tumors (60 % positive) (p = 0.000), while 93 % and 94 % of benign and borderline tumors, respectively, were positive. p16 was positive in 94.6 % of carcinomas, 75 % of borderline and 45.7 % of benign tumors (p = 0.000). p53 negative staining was associated with benign tumors (2.9 % positive) (p = 0.016) but no difference was observed between borderline (16.7 %) and malignant tumors (29.7 %) (p = 0.560). No associations were found between expression rates, disease-free survival times or clinical variables. Carcinoma subtypes showed no difference in expression. CONCLUSIONS This is the first description of p14 expression in benign and borderline tumors. It remains stable in benign and borderline tumors, while carcinomas show a significant absence of staining. This may indicate that p14 abnormalities occur later in carcinogenesis. p16 and p53 frequencies increase from benign to borderline and malignant tumors, similarly to previous reports, possibly reflecting the accumulation of inactive mutant protein. The small sample size may have prevented statistically significant survival analyses and clinical correlations. Future studies should investigate genetic abnormalities in p14 coding sequences and include all types of ovarian epithelial tumors. Bigger sample sizes may be needed for significant associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Duarte Cabral
- Serviço de Patologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-90, Brazil.
| | - Marcelle Reesink Cerski
- Serviço de Patologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-90, Brazil
| | - Ivana Trindade Sa Brito
- Serviço de Patologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-90, Brazil
| | - Lucia Maria Kliemann
- Serviço de Patologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-90, Brazil
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16
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Liu X, Gao Y, Shen J, Yang W, Choy E, Mankin H, Hornicek FJ, Duan Z. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 11 (CDK11) Is Required for Ovarian Cancer Cell Growth In Vitro and In Vivo, and Its Inhibition Causes Apoptosis and Sensitizes Cells to Paclitaxel. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1691-701. [PMID: 27207777 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is currently the most lethal gynecologic malignancy with limited treatment options. Improved targeted therapies are needed to combat ovarian cancer. Here, we report the identification of cyclin-dependent kinase 11 (CDK11) as a mediator of tumor cell growth and proliferation in ovarian cancer cells. Although CDK11 has not been implicated previously in this disease, we have found that its expression is upregulated in human ovarian cancer tissues and associated with malignant progression. Metastatic and recurrent tumors have significantly higher CDK11 expression when compared with the matched, original primary tumors. RNAi-mediated CDK11 silencing by synthetic siRNA or lentiviral shRNA decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, CDK11 knockdown enhances the cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel to inhibit cell growth in ovarian cancer cells. Systemic in vivo administration of CDK11 siRNA reduced the tumor growth in an ovarian cancer xenograft model. Our findings suggest that CDK11 may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of ovarian cancer patients. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(7); 1691-701. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhe Liu
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacson Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wen Yang
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Edwin Choy
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Henry Mankin
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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