1
|
Huang J, Liu C, Zhou Z, Xia H, Zhu Z, Lu J, Lin J, Chen Z, Ye Q, Zuo L. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Caused by Chlamydia abortus: A Case Report. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:3893-3901. [PMID: 37361935 PMCID: PMC10289095 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s411331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pneumonia infected by Chlamydia abortus (C. abortus) is rare, especially complicated with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Case Presentation We presented the clinical details of a 44-year-old male who was diagnosed with C. abortus pneumonia, which rapidly progressed and ultimately led to ARDS, sepsis and MODS. Although he was initially diagnosed with pneumonia upon admission, no pathogenic bacteria were detected in sputum by conventional tests. Empirical intravenous infusion of meropenem and moxifloxacin was administered, but unfortunately, his condition deteriorated rapidly, especially respiratory status. On Day 2 after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) initiation, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) was performed on the patient's bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, which indicated an infection with C. abortus. The patient's antimicrobial therapy was adjusted to oral doxycycline (0.1g every 12h), intravenous azithromycin (0.5g every day), and imipenem and cilastatin sodium (1g every 6h). The patient's condition improved clinically and biologically. However, the patient was discharged due to financial reasons and unfortunately passed away eight hours later. Conclusion Infections with C. abortus can result in severe ARDS and serious visceral complications which necessitate prompt diagnosis and active intervention by clinicians. The case highlights the significance of mNGS as an essential diagnostic tool for uncommon pathogens. Tetracyclines, macrolides or their combinations are effective choices for treatment of C. abortus pneumonia. Further study is needed to explore the transmission routes of C. abortus pneumonia and establish precise guidelines for antibiotic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiequn Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changzhi Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhujiang Zhou
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Xia
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Hugobiotech Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhensheng Zhu
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Hugobiotech Co, Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhai Lu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingcheng Lin
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qimei Ye
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liuer Zuo
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gong F, Chen Z, Chang J, Liu J, Wang X, Mo W, Tan M, Jiang T. Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Contributes to the Diagnosis of Pneumonia Caused by Chlamydia abortus in a Male Patient: Case Report and Literature Review. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:3463-3468. [PMID: 37293537 PMCID: PMC10244205 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s407741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chlamydia abortus is generally considered as the main cause of ruminants abortion, but it rarely causes human infection resulting in abortion or pneumonia. Case Presentation We report a case of male patient with pneumonia caused by Chlamydia abortus. Results of next generation sequencing (NGS) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) indicated Chlamydia abortus infection. The patient was treated with intravenous infusion of doxycycline. The clinical symptoms of this patient were ameliorated significantly, and all these improvement were indicated by laboratory parameters significantly. Shown as chest computed tomography (CT), most of the inflammation had been absorbed after doxycycline treatment. Conclusion Chlamydia abortus mainly infects ruminants and occasionally humans. NGS has its own advantages of rapidity, sensitivity and specificity in detecting Chlamydia abortus. Doxycycline exhibits a great therapeutic effect on pneumonia caused by Chlamydia abortus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Gong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine General Hospital, Huaihua, 418000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhikui Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine General Hospital, Huaihua, 418000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianyuan Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine General Hospital, Huaihua, 418000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine General Hospital, Huaihua, 418000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine General Hospital, Huaihua, 418000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weisong Mo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine General Hospital, Huaihua, 418000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengqin Tan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine General Hospital, Huaihua, 418000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine General Hospital, Huaihua, 418000, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jahnke R, Matthiesen S, Zaeck LM, Finke S, Knittler MR. Chlamydia trachomatis Cell-to-Cell Spread through Tunneling Nanotubes. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0281722. [PMID: 36219107 PMCID: PMC9769577 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02817-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are transient cellular connections that consist of dynamic membrane protrusions. They play an important role in cell-to-cell communication and mediate the intercellular exchanges of molecules and organelles. TNTs can form between different cell types and may contribute to the spread of pathogens by serving as cytoplasmic corridors. We demonstrate that Chlamydia (C.) trachomatis-infected human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells and other cells form TNT-like structures through which reticulate bodies (RBs) pass into uninfected cells. Observed TNTs have a life span of 1 to 5 h and contain microtubules, which are essential for chlamydial transfer. They can bridge distances of up to 50 μm between connecting neighboring cells. Consistent with the biological role for TNTs, we show that C. trachomatis spread also occurs under conditions in which the extracellular route of chlamydial entry into host cells is blocked. Based on our findings, we propose that TNTs play a critical role in the direct, cell-to-cell transmission of chlamydia. IMPORTANCE Intracellular bacterial pathogens often undergo a life cycle in which they parasitize infected host cells in membranous vacuoles. Two pathways have been described by which chlamydia can exit infected host cells: lytic cell destruction or exit via extrusion formation. Whether direct, cell-to-cell contact may also play a role in the spread of infection is unknown. Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) interconnect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells to mediate efficient communication and the exchange of material between them. We used Chlamydia trachomatis and immortalized cells to analyze whether TNTs mediate bacterial transmission from an infected donor to uninfected acceptor cells. We show that chlamydia-infected cells build TNTs through which the intracellular reticulate bodies (RBs) of the chlamydia can pass into uninfected neighboring cells. Our study contributes to the understanding of the function of TNTs in the cell-to-cell transmission of intracellular pathogens and provides new insights into the strategies by which chlamydia spreads among multicellular tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rico Jahnke
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Svea Matthiesen
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Luca M. Zaeck
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Finke
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael R. Knittler
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dijkstra E, Vellema P, Peterson K, ter Bogt-Kappert C, Dijkman R, Harkema L, van Engelen E, Aalberts M, Santman-Berends I, van den Brom R. Monitoring and Surveillance of Small Ruminant Health in The Netherlands. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060635. [PMID: 35745489 PMCID: PMC9230677 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In contemporary society and modern livestock farming, a monitoring and surveillance system for animal health has become indispensable. In addition to obligations arising from European regulations regarding monitoring and surveillance of animal diseases, The Netherlands developed a voluntary system for the monitoring and surveillance of small ruminant health. This system aims for (1) early detection of outbreaks of designated animal diseases, (2) early detection of yet unknown disease conditions, and (3) insight into trends and developments. To meet these objectives, a system is in place based on four main surveillance components, namely a consultancy helpdesk, diagnostic services, multiple networks, and an annual data analysis. This paper describes the current system and its ongoing development and gives an impression of nearly twenty years of performance by providing a general overview of key findings and three elaborated examples of notable disease outbreaks. Results indicate that the current system has added value to the detection of various (re)emerging and new diseases. Nevertheless, animal health monitoring and surveillance require a flexible approach that is able to keep pace with changes and developments within the industry. Therefore, monitoring and surveillance systems should be continuously adapted and improved using new techniques and insights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Dijkstra
- Department of Small Ruminant Health, Royal Animal Health Services (GD), P.O. Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, The Netherlands; (P.V.); (K.P.); (C.t.B.-K.); (R.v.d.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-(0)88-2094595
| | - Piet Vellema
- Department of Small Ruminant Health, Royal Animal Health Services (GD), P.O. Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, The Netherlands; (P.V.); (K.P.); (C.t.B.-K.); (R.v.d.B.)
| | - Karianne Peterson
- Department of Small Ruminant Health, Royal Animal Health Services (GD), P.O. Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, The Netherlands; (P.V.); (K.P.); (C.t.B.-K.); (R.v.d.B.)
| | - Carlijn ter Bogt-Kappert
- Department of Small Ruminant Health, Royal Animal Health Services (GD), P.O. Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, The Netherlands; (P.V.); (K.P.); (C.t.B.-K.); (R.v.d.B.)
| | - Reinie Dijkman
- Department of Pathology, Royal Animal Health Services (GD), P.O. Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, The Netherlands; (R.D.); (L.H.)
| | - Liesbeth Harkema
- Department of Pathology, Royal Animal Health Services (GD), P.O. Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, The Netherlands; (R.D.); (L.H.)
| | - Erik van Engelen
- Department of Research and Development, Royal Animal Health Services (GD), P.O. Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, The Netherlands; (E.v.E.); (M.A.); (I.S.-B.)
| | - Marian Aalberts
- Department of Research and Development, Royal Animal Health Services (GD), P.O. Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, The Netherlands; (E.v.E.); (M.A.); (I.S.-B.)
| | - Inge Santman-Berends
- Department of Research and Development, Royal Animal Health Services (GD), P.O. Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, The Netherlands; (E.v.E.); (M.A.); (I.S.-B.)
| | - René van den Brom
- Department of Small Ruminant Health, Royal Animal Health Services (GD), P.O. Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, The Netherlands; (P.V.); (K.P.); (C.t.B.-K.); (R.v.d.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Turin L, Surini S, Wheelhouse N, Rocchi MS. Recent advances and public health implications for environmental exposure to Chlamydia abortus: from enzootic to zoonotic disease. Vet Res 2022; 53:37. [PMID: 35642008 PMCID: PMC9152823 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental transmission of Chlamydia abortus as a result of enzootic disease or disease outbreaks and the threats posed by this pathogen has been previously reported, however a state-of-the-science review of these reports and the identification of future research priorities in this area is still lacking. This study provides an overview of the current knowledge of host–pathogen–environment interactions, addressing public health risks and identifying critical questions and research gaps. We performed a systematic PubMed and Web of Science search for publications related to Chlamydia abortus in the past four decades, and we reviewed and combined the evidence critically discussing and commenting the results. A total of 182 studies, 5 chapters of specific books and the “OIE terrestrial manual” were included in this review. There were substantial variations between the studies in topic addressed and experimental design. Overall, the literature largely supports the crucial role played by environmental exposure on the acquisition of zoonotic disease caused by Chlamydia abortus. We also identify the paucity of information related to interspecies transmission and pathogen adaptation in relation to environmental dissemination and zoonotic risk. This analysis further highlights the need for additional research given that environmental transmission represents a serious risk not only to susceptible patients (pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals), but also for other species including wildlife.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauretta Turin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Sara Surini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nick Wheelhouse
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, EH11 4BN, UK
| | - Mara Silvia Rocchi
- Moredun Research Institute, Bush Loan, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aaziz R, Laroucau K, Gobbo F, Salvatore D, Schnee C, Terregino C, Lupini C, Di Francesco A. Occurrence of Chlamydiae in Corvids in Northeast Italy. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12101226. [PMID: 35625072 PMCID: PMC9137748 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The continuous improvement of next-generation sequencing techniques has led to an expansion of the number of Chlamydia species, as well as their host range. Recent studies performed on wild birds have detected Chlamydia strains with characteristics intermediate between Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia abortus. In this study, 12/108 corvids tested positive for Chlamydia by real-time PCR. Molecular characterisation at the species level was possible for eight samples, with one positive for C. psittaci and seven for C. abortus. Considering the well-known zoonotic role of C. psittaci and that a potential zoonotic role of avian C. abortus strains cannot be excluded, people who may have professional or other contact with wild birds should take appropriate preventive measures. Abstract Chlamydiaceae occurrence has been largely evaluated in wildlife, showing that wild birds are efficient reservoirs for avian chlamydiosis. In this study, DNA extracted from cloacal swabs of 108 corvids from Northeast Italy was screened for Chlamydiaceae by 23S real-time (rt)PCR. The positive samples were characterised by specific rtPCRs for Chlamydia psittaci, Chlamydia abortus, Chlamydia gallinacea, Chlamydia avium, Chlamydia pecorum and Chlamydia suis. Cloacal shedding of Chlamydiaceae was detected in 12 out of 108 (11.1%, 5.9%–18.6% 95% CI) corvids sampled. Molecular characterisation at the species level was possible in 8/12 samples, showing C. psittaci positivity in only one sample from a hooded crow and C. abortus positivity in seven samples, two from Eurasian magpies and five from hooded crows. Genotyping of the C. psittaci-positive sample was undertaken via PCR/high-resolution melting, clustering it in group III_pigeon, corresponding to the B genotype based on former ompA analysis. For C. abortus genotyping, multilocus sequence typing was successfully performed on the two samples with high DNA load from Eurasian magpies, highlighting 100% identity with the recently reported Polish avian C. abortus genotype 1V strain 15-58d44. To confirm the intermediate characteristics between C. psittaci and C. abortus, both samples, as well as two samples from hooded crows, showed the chlamydial plasmid inherent in most C. psittaci and avian C. abortus, but not in ruminant C. abortus strains. The plasmid sequences were highly similar (≥99%) to those of the Polish avian C. abortus genotype 1V strain 15-58d44. To our knowledge, this is the first report of avian C. abortus strains in Italy, specifically genotype 1V, confirming that they are actively circulating in corvids in the Italian region tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Aaziz
- Bacterial Zoonoses Unit, Animal Health Laboratory, Anses, University Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (R.A.); (K.L.)
| | - Karine Laroucau
- Bacterial Zoonoses Unit, Animal Health Laboratory, Anses, University Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (R.A.); (K.L.)
| | - Federica Gobbo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy; (F.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Daniela Salvatore
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, BO, Italy; (D.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Christiane Schnee
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), D-07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Calogero Terregino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy; (F.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Caterina Lupini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, BO, Italy; (D.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Antonietta Di Francesco
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, BO, Italy; (D.S.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fayez M, Elmoslemany A, Alorabi M, Alkafafy M, Qasim I, Al-Marri T, Elsohaby I. Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Chlamydia abortus Infection in Sheep and Goats in Eastern Saudi Arabia. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10040489. [PMID: 33920727 PMCID: PMC8072607 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia abortus (C. abortus) is intracellular, Gram-negative bacterium that cause enzootic abortion in sheep and goats. Information on C. abortus seroprevalence and flock management risk factors associated with C. abortus seropositivity in sheep and goats in Saudi Arabia are scarce. The objectives of this study were to (i) estimate the animal, flock, and within-flock seroprevalence of C. abortus among Eastern Province sheep and goat flocks and (ii) identify the flock management and animal risk factors associated with C. abortus seropositivity in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study with a two-stage sampling process was carried out in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia, between 2015 and 2016. A total of 1717 sheep and 1101 goat serum samples were collected from 21 sheep and 14 goat flocks, then were tested for C. abortus antibodies using a commercial ELISA Kit. In addition, vaginal swabs and aborted tissue samples were collected from sheep (n = 48) and goats (n = 15) with recent history of abortion for detection of C. abortuspmp gene using PCR. A questionnaire was constructed to collect information about flock management and animal risk factors possibly associated with C. abortus infection in sheep and goats. The true sheep and goat-level seroprevalences were 11.1% (95% CI: 9.7–12.7) and 10.6% (95% CI: 8.8–12.5), respectively. The true flock-level seroprevalence was 100% for both sheep and goats. However, the average within sheep and goat flocks true seroprevalences were 9.6% (95% CI: 1.8–22.9) and 9.3% (95% CI: 1.8–19.5), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that introduction of new sheep to the flocks (OR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.5–4.4), type of breeding system (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.0–3.4), flocks allowing females in (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1–3.3) or females out (OR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.1–4.3), and sheep age 1.4–2.8 years (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3–2.9) were potential risk factors for C. abortus seropositivity in sheep flocks. However, in goat flocks, the introduction of new goats to the flocks (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2–3.0) was identified as a risk factor, whereas good farm hygiene (OR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.2–0.7) was identified as a protective factor. C. abortus pmp gene was identified in 45 (93.8%) and 15 (100%) of samples collected from sheep and goats, respectively. These results could be used to implement efficient management measures to prevent and control C. abortus infection in sheep and goats in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia, but also could be used to reduce the risk of C. abortus infection in sheep and goat flocks with similar management practices in other regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Fayez
- Al-Ahsa Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.); (T.A.-M.)
- Department of Bacteriology, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo 131, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elmoslemany
- Hygiene and Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Mohammed Alorabi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohamed Alkafafy
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Ibrahim Qasim
- Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Riyadh 12629, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Theeb Al-Marri
- Al-Ahsa Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.); (T.A.-M.)
| | - Ibrahim Elsohaby
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City 44511, Egypt
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-902-566-6063
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pichon N, Guindre L, Laroucau K, Cantaloube M, Nallatamby A, Parreau S. Chlamydia abortus in Pregnant Woman with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 26:628-629. [PMID: 32091383 PMCID: PMC7045842 DOI: 10.3201/eid2603.191417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of Chlamydia abortus in a woman in rural France who was pregnant, developed severe generalized infection, and suffered fetal loss. The case stresses the need for healthcare personnel to perform thorough anamnesis in pregnant women in farming areas and to advise them to avoid contact with small ruminants.
Collapse
|
9
|
Iraninezhad Z, Azizzadeh M, Taghavi Razavizadeh A, Mehrzad J, Rashtibaf M. Seroepidemiological feature of Chlamydia abortus in sheep and goat population located in northeastern Iran. Vet Res Forum 2020; 11:423-426. [PMID: 33643597 PMCID: PMC7904124 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2019.101946.2429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydia abortus is a Gram-negative intracellular bacteria responsible for major economic losses due mainly to infection and subsequent induction of abortion in several animal species and poses considerable public health problems in humans. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of antibody against C. abortus in sheep and goat population of Khorasan Razavi province located in northeastern Iran. Four hundred fifty-two (271 sheep and 181 goats) sera samples from 40 sheep/goat epidemiologic units located in 11 counties were selected. Sera were assayed for antibodies against C. abortus using ELISA assay. Out of 452 sheep and goat sera, 44 [9.70% (95.00%CI: 7.10%-12.40%)] were positive for C. abortus antibodies. 28 out of 40 epidemiologic units (70.00%) and 10 out of 11 counties (91.00%), at least one seropositive sample was found. There was no significant difference between the seropositivity of sheep and goats. Age, sex, and location did not show significant relationship with the test results. The results showed that C. abortus was circulating in wide parts of Khorasan Razavi province. Considering the economic and public health importance of C. abortus, measures should be taken to help prevent its spread and to reduce the zoonotic risk of C. abortus in the studied region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Iraninezhad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Azizzadeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Taghavi Razavizadeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jalil Mehrzad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mamlouk A, Guesmi K, Ouertani I, Kalthoum S, Selmi R, Ben Aicha E, Bel Haj Mohamed B, Gharbi R, Lachtar M, Dhaouadi A, Seghaier C, Messadi L. Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Chlamydia abortus infection in ewes in Tunisia. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 71:101500. [PMID: 32505766 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Enzootic abortion of ewes (EAE) caused by Chlamydia abortus is a disease of ruminants that results in serious economic losses in livestock industry. The zoonotic potential of the pathogen adds a public health concern on the efforts to control the disease. We report herein a cross-sectional study that was conducted during the lambing season (June and July) in Tunisia to estimate the seroprevalence of C. abortus infection in large sheep herds with abortion history. A total of 803 ewes were sampled and tested using indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). The overall apparent seroprevalence at herd and individual levels were 58 % (95 %CI = 39-74.5 %) and 6.6 % (95 %CI = 4.9-8.3 %), respectively. Significant risk factors investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses were history of infertility (OR = 5.7; 95 %CI = 3.05-10.66), the number of reproductive ewes (OR = 2.1; 95 %CI = 1.12-3.94), the control of new animals at introduction (OR = 4.35; 95 %CI = 2.46-7.68), the sharing of drinking water (OR = 2.18; 95 %CI = 1.22-3.9), the exchange of breeding males (OR = 2.56; 95 %CI = 1.003-6.54), the disposal of abortion materials without precaution (OR = 4.36; 95 %CI = 2.42-7.87), the lack of lambing barn (OR = 2.39; 95 %CI = 1.13-5.04), the non-application of hygienic post-abortion measures (OR = 10.35; 95 %CI = 5.28-20.26) and the manure management (OR = 11.35; 95 %CI = 3.26-39.48). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first sero-epidemiological survey conducted on an abortive disease in Tunisian ewes that investigated the risk factors of C. abortus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aymen Mamlouk
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, National School of Veterinary Medicine, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, University of Manouba, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia.
| | - Kaouther Guesmi
- National Centre for Zoosanitary Vigilance, 38 Avenue. Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Ouertani
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases, Zoonoses and Sanitary Regulation, National School of Veterinary Medicine, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, University of Manouba, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Sana Kalthoum
- National Centre for Zoosanitary Vigilance, 38 Avenue. Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rachid Selmi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, National School of Veterinary Medicine, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, University of Manouba, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Elhem Ben Aicha
- National Centre for Zoosanitary Vigilance, 38 Avenue. Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Bassem Bel Haj Mohamed
- National Centre for Zoosanitary Vigilance, 38 Avenue. Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raja Gharbi
- National Centre for Zoosanitary Vigilance, 38 Avenue. Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Monia Lachtar
- National Centre for Zoosanitary Vigilance, 38 Avenue. Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anissa Dhaouadi
- National Centre for Zoosanitary Vigilance, 38 Avenue. Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chedia Seghaier
- National Centre for Zoosanitary Vigilance, 38 Avenue. Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lilia Messadi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, National School of Veterinary Medicine, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, University of Manouba, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Post PM, Hogerwerf L, Huss A, Petie R, Boender GJ, Baliatsas C, Lebret E, Heederik D, Hagenaars TJ, IJzermans CJ, Smit LAM. Risk of pneumonia among residents living near goat and poultry farms during 2014-2016. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223601. [PMID: 31609989 PMCID: PMC6791541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Netherlands, an association was found between the prevalence of pneumonia and living near goat and poultry farms in 2007-2013. This association then led to regulatory decisions to restrict the building of new goat farms and to reduce emissions of poultry farms. Confirmation of these results, however, is required because the period of previous analyses overlapped a Q-fever epidemic in 2007-2010. To confirm the association, we performed a population-based study during 2014-2016 based on general practitioner (GP) data. Electronic medical records of 90,183 persons were used to analyze the association between pneumonia and the population living in the proximity (within 500-2000 m distance) of goat and poultry farms. Data were analyzed with three types of logistic regression (with and without GP practice as a random intercept and with stratified analyses per GP practice) and a kernel model to discern the influence of different statistical methods on the outcomes. In all regression analyses involving adults, a statistically significant association between pneumonia and residence within 500 meters of goat farms was found (odds ratio [OR] range over all analyses types: 1.33-1.60), with a decreasing OR for increasing distances. In kernel analyses (including all ages), a population-attributable risk between 6.0 and 7.8% was found for a distance of 2000 meters in 2014-2016. The associations were consistent across all years and robust for mutual adjustment for proximity to other animals and for several other sensitivity analyses. However, associations with proximity to poultry farms are not supported by the present study. As the causes of the elevated pneumonia incidence in persons living close to goat farms remain unknown, further research into potential mechanisms is required for adequate prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pim M. Post
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lenny Hogerwerf
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald Petie
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | | | - Christos Baliatsas
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Lebret
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dick Heederik
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - C. Joris IJzermans
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lidwien A. M. Smit
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gebretensay A, Alemayehu G, Rekik M, Alemu B, Haile A, Rischkowsky B, Aklilu F, Wieland B. Risk factors for reproductive disorders and major infectious causes of abortion in sheep in the highlands of Ethiopia. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
13
|
Phillips S, Quigley BL, Timms P. Seventy Years of Chlamydia Vaccine Research - Limitations of the Past and Directions for the Future. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:70. [PMID: 30766521 PMCID: PMC6365973 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia is a major bacterial pathogen that infects humans, as well as a wide range of animals, including marsupials, birds, cats, pigs, cattle, and sheep. Antibiotics are the only treatment currently available, however, with high rates of re-infection, there is mounting pressure to develop Chlamydia vaccines. In this review, we analyzed how Chlamydia vaccine trials have developed over the past 70 years and identified where future trials need to be focused. There has been a strong bias toward studies targeting C. muridarum and C. trachomatis within mice and a lack of studies matching chlamydial species to their end target host. Even though a large number of specific antigenic targets have been studied, the results from whole-cell vaccine targets show slightly more promising results overall. There has also been a strong bias toward systemic vaccine delivery systems, despite the finding that mucosal delivery systems have shown more promising outcomes. However, the only successful vaccines with matched chlamydial species/infecting host are based on systemic vaccine delivery methods. We highlight the extensive work done with mouse model trials and indicate that whole cell antigenic targets are capable of inducing an effective response, protecting from disease and reducing shedding rates. However, replication of these results using antigen preparations more conducive to commercial vaccine production has proven difficult. To date, the Major Outer Membrane Protein (MOMP) has emerged as the most suitable substitute for whole cell targets and its delivery as a combined systemic and mucosal vaccine is most effective. Finally, although mouse model trials are useful, differences between hosts and infecting chlamydial strains are preventing vaccine formulations from mouse models to be translated into larger animals or intended hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Phillips
- Genecology Research Centre, The University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
| | - Bonnie L Quigley
- Genecology Research Centre, The University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter Timms
- Genecology Research Centre, The University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Klous G, Smit LAM, Freidl GS, Borlée F, van der Hoek W, IJzermans CJ, Kretzschmar MEE, Heederik DJJ, Coutinho RA, Huss A. Pneumonia risk of people living close to goat and poultry farms - Taking GPS derived mobility patterns into account. Environ Int 2018; 115:150-160. [PMID: 29573654 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We previously observed an increased incidence of pneumonia in persons living near goat and poultry farms, using animal presence around the home to define exposure. However, it is unclear to what extent individual mobility and time spent outdoors close to home contributes to this increased risk. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the role of mobility patterns and time spent outdoors in the vicinity of goat or poultry farms in relation to pneumonia risk. In a rural Dutch cohort, 941 members logged their mobility using GPS trackers for 7 days. Pneumonia was diagnosed in 83 subjects (participants reported that pneumonia had been diagnosed by a medical doctor, or recorded in EMR from general practitioners, 2011-2014). We used logistic regression to evaluate pneumonia-risk by presence of goat farms within 500 and 1000 m around the home and around GPS-tracks (only non-motorised mobility), also we evaluated whether more time spent outdoors increased pneumonia-risks. We observed a clearly increased risk of pneumonia among people living in close proximity to goat farms, ORs increased with closer distances of homes to farms (500 m: 6.2 (95% CI 2.2-16.5) 1000 m: 2.5 (1.4-4.3)) The risk increased for individuals who spent more time outdoors close to home, but only if homes were close to goat farms (within 500 m and often outdoors: 12.7 (3.6-45.4) less often: 2.0 (0.3-9.2), no goat farms and often outdoors: 1.0 (0.6-1.6)). For poultry we found no increased risks. Pneumonia-risks increased when people lived near goat farms, especially when they spent more time outdoors, mobility does not seem to add to these risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gijs Klous
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division Environmental Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
| | - Lidwien A M Smit
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division Environmental Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
| | - Gudrun S Freidl
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands; European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training.
| | - Floor Borlée
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division Environmental Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health, Utrecht University, The Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), The Netherlands.
| | - Wim van der Hoek
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands.
| | - C Joris IJzermans
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), The Netherlands.
| | - Mirjam E E Kretzschmar
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands.
| | - Dick J J Heederik
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division Environmental Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
| | - Roel A Coutinho
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division Environmental Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ammerdorffer A, Stojanov M, Greub G, Baud D. Chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia-like bacteria: new enemies of human pregnancies. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2017; 30:289-96. [PMID: 28306562 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides an update on the roles of Chlamydia trachomatis and the related Waddlia chondrophila and Parachlamydia acanthamoebae in miscarriage, stillbirths and preterm labour in humans. A broad audience, including microbiologist, infectiologists, obstetricians and gynaecologists, should be aware of the potential threat of these Chlamydiales for human reproduction. RECENT FINDINGS Despite increasing laboratory techniques and possibilities to perform diagnostic tests, the cause of miscarriage is only identified in 50% of the cases. Intracellular bacteria, such as C. trachomatis and Chlamydia-related bacteria, are difficult to detect in routine clinical samples and could represent possible agents of miscarriages. C. trachomatis is considered the world largest sexual transmitted bacterial agent and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome in human. In the last decade Chlamydia-like organisms, such as W. chondrophila and P. acanthamoebae, have also been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in human and/or animals. SUMMARY We review here the current evidences for a pathogenic role in humans, the diagnostic approaches and possible treatment options of C. trachomatis, W. chondrophila and P. acanthamoebae.
Collapse
|
16
|
Szymańska-Czerwińska M, Mitura A, Zaręba K, Schnee C, Koncicki A, Niemczuk K. Poultry in Poland as Chlamydiaceae Carrier. J Vet Res 2017; 61:411-419. [PMID: 29978103 PMCID: PMC5937338 DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2017-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of Chlamydia spp. in poultry in Poland and estimate possible transmission to humans. Material and Methods Molecular diagnostic methods followed by sequencing and strain isolation were used on cloacal/faecal swabs collected from 182 apparently healthy poultry flocks including chickens, turkeys, ducks, and geese. Serum samples obtained from people exposed (study group) and non-exposed (control group) to birds were tested by complement fixation test to acquire data on Chlamydia spp. antibody level. Results Overall, 15.9% of the tested flocks were Chlamydiaceae-positive and three Chlamydia spp. were identified. Predominant chlamydial agent found was C. gallinacea occurring in 65.5% of all positive poultry flocks and in 73.0% of positive chicken flocks. The sequences from four chicken flocks were assigned to C. abortus, whereas C. psittaci was confirmed in one duck and one goose flock. The analysis of ompA variable domains revealed at least nine genetic variants of C. gallinacea. Chlamydial antibodies were detected in 19.2% of human serum samples in the study group in comparison with 10.8% in the controls. Conclusion The obtained results confirm that chlamydiae are common among chicken flocks in Poland with C. gallinacea as a dominant species. Moreover, the presence of C. abortus in chickens is reported here for the first time. Further investigation should focus on possible zoonotic transmission of C. gallinacea and C. abortus as well as potential pathogenic effects on birds’ health and poultry production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Agata Mitura
- Department of Cattle and Sheep Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Kinga Zaręba
- Department of Cattle and Sheep Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Christiane Schnee
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07 743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrzej Koncicki
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Niemczuk
- Department of Cattle and Sheep Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Taylor KA, Durrheim D, Heller J, O'Rourke B, Hope K, Merritt T, Freeman P, Chicken C, Carrick J, Branley J, Massey P. Equine chlamydiosis-An emerging infectious disease requiring a one health surveillance approach. Zoonoses Public Health 2017; 65:218-221. [PMID: 28984040 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Psittacosis is a rare but potentially fatal zoonosis caused by Chlamydia psittaci, an organism that is typically associated with bird contact. However C. psittaci is capable of infecting other non-avian hosts, such as horses, sheep, cattle and goats. Stud staff and veterinarians have significant exposure to parturient animals and reproductive materials in their routine work. To investigate the zoonotic potential associated with the emergence of C. psittaci as an abortifacient agent in horses, we established a programme of joint human and animal surveillance in a sentinel horse-breeding region in Australia. This programme comprised cross-notification of equine cases to public health agencies, and active follow-up of known human contacts, including stud workers, foaling staff, veterinarians and laboratory staff. We identified no confirmed cases of acute psittacosis despite intensive surveillance and testing of heavily exposed contacts; however, further work in the area is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Taylor
- Population Health Unit, Hunter New England Local Health, Wallsend, NSW, Australia
| | - D Durrheim
- Population Health Unit, Hunter New England Local Health, Wallsend, NSW, Australia.,School of Public Health and Medical Practice, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - J Heller
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - B O'Rourke
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW, Australia
| | - K Hope
- Health Protection, New South Wales Ministry of Health, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - T Merritt
- Population Health Unit, Hunter New England Local Health, Wallsend, NSW, Australia
| | - P Freeman
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar, NSW, Australia
| | - C Chicken
- Scone Equine Hospital, Scone, NSW, Australia
| | - J Carrick
- Equine Specialist Consulting, Scone, NSW, Australia
| | - J Branley
- Westmead Clinical School, Nepean Hospital, Nepean, NSW, Australia
| | - P Massey
- Population Health Unit, Hunter New England Local Health, Wallsend, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chan J, Doyle B, Branley J, Sheppeard V, Gabor M, Viney K, Quinn H, Janover O, McCready M, Heller J. An outbreak of psittacosis at a veterinary school demonstrating a novel source of infection. One Health 2017; 3:29-33. [PMID: 28616500 PMCID: PMC5454149 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In November 2014, New South Wales Health was notified of a cluster of respiratory illness in a veterinary school. Active case finding identified another case at a local equine stud. All cases had exposure to the equine fetal membranes of Mare A. This tissue subsequently tested positive for Chlamydia psittaci using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We conducted a cohort study of the university and stud farm staff to determine risk factors for disease. Nine people were exposed to the fetal membranes of Mare A. Of these, five cases of psittacosis were identified. Two required hospital admission. Contact with birds was not associated with illness (RR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.09-2.73). People who had direct contact with the abnormal fetal membranes were more likely to develop disease (RR = 11.77, 95% CI = 1.02-∞). The emergence of an association between horse exposure and C. psittaci infection has important implications for the prevention and control of psittacosis. Article summary line: Investigation of an outbreak of psittacosis in a rural veterinary school demonstrates novel source of infection for psittacosis through exposure to abnormal equine fetal membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Chan
- Health Protection New South Wales (NSW), NSW Health, North Sydney, NSW, Australia.,National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (NCEPH), Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Australia
| | - Bridget Doyle
- Public Health Unit, Murrumbidgee Local Health District, Albury, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Vicky Sheppeard
- Health Protection New South Wales (NSW), NSW Health, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melinda Gabor
- State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Primary Industry, Menangle, NSW, Australia
| | - Kerri Viney
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (NCEPH), Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Australia
| | - Helen Quinn
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases (NCIRS), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Orly Janover
- Public Health Unit, Murrumbidgee Local Health District, Albury, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Jane Heller
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hagemann JB, Simnacher U, Longbottom D, Livingstone M, Maile J, Soutschek E, Walder G, Boden K, Sachse K, Essig A. Analysis of Humoral Immune Responses to Surface and Virulence-Associated Chlamydia abortus Proteins in Ovine and Human Abortions by Use of a Newly Developed Line Immunoassay. J Clin Microbiol 2016; 54:1883-90. [PMID: 27194684 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00351-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia abortus is the causative agent of enzootic abortion of ewes and poses a significant zoonotic risk for pregnant women. Using proteomic analysis and gene expression library screening in a previous project, we identified potential virulence factors and candidates for serodiagnosis, of which nine were scrutinized here with a strip immunoassay. We have shown that aborting sheep exhibited a strong antibody response to surface (MOMP, MIP, Pmp13G) and virulence-associated (CPAF, TARP, SINC) antigens. While the latter disappeared within 18 weeks following abortion in a majority of the animals, antibodies to surface proteins persisted beyond the duration of the study. In contrast, nonaborting experimentally infected sheep developed mainly antibodies to surface antigens (MOMP, MIP, Pmp13G), all of which did not persist. We were also able to detect antibodies to these surface antigens in C abortus-infected women who had undergone septic abortion, whereas a group of shepherds and veterinarians with occupational exposure to C abortus-infected sheep revealed only sporadic immune responses to the antigens selected. The most specific antigen for the serodiagnosis of human C abortus infections was Pmp13G, which showed no cross-reactivity with other chlamydiae infecting humans. We suggest that Pmp13G-based serodiagnosis accomplished by the detection of antibodies to virulence-associated antigens such as CPAF, TARP, and SINC may improve the laboratory diagnosis of human and animal C abortus infections.
Collapse
|
20
|
Essig A, Longbottom D. Chlamydia abortus: New Aspects of Infectious Abortion in Sheep and Potential Risk for Pregnant Women. Curr Clin Micro Rpt 2015; 2:22-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-015-0014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
21
|
Heddema ER, van Hannen EJ, Bongaerts M, Dijkstra F, ten Hove RJ, de Wever B, Vanrompay D. Typing of Chlamydia psittaci to monitor epidemiology of psittacosis and aid disease control in the Netherlands, 2008 to 2013. Euro Surveill 2015; 20:21026. [DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.5.21026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E R Heddema
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Orbis Medical Centre, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - E J van Hannen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - M Bongaerts
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Orbis Medical Centre, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - F Dijkstra
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - R J ten Hove
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Rijnstate, Velp, the Netherlands
| | - B de Wever
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D Vanrompay
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sevila J, Richomme C, Hoste H, Candela MG, Gilot-Fromont E, Rodolakis A, Cebe N, Picot D, Merlet J, Verheyden H. Does land use within the home range drive the exposure of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) to two abortive pathogens in a rural agro-ecosystem? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-014-0197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
23
|
Osman KM, Ali HA, Eljakee JA, Gaafar MM, Galal HM. Antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular typing of multiple Chlamydiaceae species isolated from genital infection of women in Egypt. Microb Drug Resist 2012; 18:440-5. [PMID: 22455539 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2011.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the existence of vaginal Chlamydia infection and the prevalence of the disease in symptomatic gynecologically diseased women in Egypt. In addition, the antibiotics penicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin were evaluated for their in vitro antichlamydial activity of the isolated strains. Vaginal swabs (n=160) were collected from females gynecologically diseased using cotton swabs. Samples were tested for Chlamydia by Vero cells tissue culture, chicken embryo, Gimenez staining, direct fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibody staining, and immunoperoxidase. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses conducted for the presence of chlamydial DNA was used to detect its specific DNA by the omp2 gene. PCR analyses conducted for the presence of chlamydial DNA revealed that 112/160 (70%) were positive for Chlamydiaceae. The specific DNA defined by the omp2 gene identified them as Chlamydia trachomatis (17/112, 15.2%), Chlamydophila psittaci (56/112, 50.0%), and Chlamydophila abortus (40/112, 35.7%). The antibiotics penicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin at different concentrations were effective in inactivating the viability of Chlamydiaceae isolates.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
This review considers the role of intracellular bacteria in adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as miscarriage, stillbirths, and preterm labour. The cause of miscarriage, stillbirth and preterm labour often remains unexplained. Intracellular bacteria that grow either poorly or not at all on media used routinely to detect human pathogens could be the aetiological agents of these obstetric conditions. For example, Listeria monocytogenes and Coxiella burnetti are intracellular bacteria that have a predilection for the fetomaternal unit and may induce fatal disease in the mother and/or fetus. Both are important foodborne or zoonotic pathogens in pregnancy. Preventive measures, diagnostic tools and treatment will be reviewed. Moreover, we will also address the importance in adverse pregnancy outcomes of other intracellular bacteria, including Brucella abortus and various members of the order Chlamydiales. Indeed, there is growing evidence that Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia abortus and Chlamydia pneumoniae infections may also result in adverse pregnancy outcomes in humans and/or animals. Moreover, newly discovered Chlamydia-like organisms have recently emerged as new pathogens of both animals and humans. For example, Waddlia chondrophila, a Chlamydia-related bacterium isolated from aborted bovine fetuses, has also been implicated in human miscarriages. Future research should help us to better understand the pathophysiology of adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by intracellular bacteria and to determine the precise mode of transmission of newly identified bacteria, such as Waddlia and Parachlamydia. These emerging pathogens may represent the tip of the iceberg of a large number of as yet unknown intracellular pathogenic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Baud
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Centre and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Pannekoek Y, Dickx V, Beeckman DSA, Jolley KA, Keijzers WC, Vretou E, Maiden MCJ, Vanrompay D, van der Ende A. Multi locus sequence typing of Chlamydia reveals an association between Chlamydia psittaci genotypes and host species. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14179. [PMID: 21152037 PMCID: PMC2996290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia comprises a group of obligate intracellular bacterial parasites responsible for a variety of diseases in humans and animals, including several zoonoses. Chlamydia trachomatis causes diseases such as trachoma, urogenital infection and lymphogranuloma venereum with severe morbidity. Chlamydia pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. Chlamydia psittaci, causing zoonotic pneumonia in humans, is usually hosted by birds, while Chlamydia abortus, causing abortion and fetal death in mammals, including humans, is mainly hosted by goats and sheep. We used multi-locus sequence typing to asses the population structure of Chlamydia. In total, 132 Chlamydia isolates were analyzed, including 60 C. trachomatis, 18 C. pneumoniae, 16 C. abortus, 34 C. psittaci and one of each of C. pecorum, C. caviae, C. muridarum and C. felis. Cluster analyses utilizing the Neighbour-Joining algorithm with the maximum composite likelihood model of concatenated sequences of 7 housekeeping fragments showed that C. psittaci 84/2334 isolated from a parrot grouped together with the C. abortus isolates from goats and sheep. Cluster analyses of the individual alleles showed that in all instances C. psittaci 84/2334 formed one group with C. abortus. Moving 84/2334 from the C. psittaci group to the C. abortus group resulted in a significant increase in the number of fixed differences and elimination of the number of shared mutations between C. psittaci and C. abortus. C. psittaci M56 from a muskrat branched separately from the main group of C. psittaci isolates. C. psittaci genotypes appeared to be associated with host species. The phylogenetic tree of C. psittaci did not follow that of its host bird species, suggesting host species jumps. In conclusion, we report for the first time an association between C. psittaci genotypes with host species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Pannekoek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Dickx
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Delphine S. A. Beeckman
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Keith A. Jolley
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy C. Keijzers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evangelia Vretou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Daisy Vanrompay
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arie van der Ende
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lessenger JE. Diseases from Animals, Poultry, and Fish. Agricultural Medicine 2006. [PMCID: PMC7121171 DOI: 10.1007/0-387-30105-4_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|