1
|
Bogusz A, Tomczyk B, Trzcińska M, Mirosław B, Gworek B. Effect of zeolites on the reduction of the ecotoxicity of carbamazepine in the environment. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 277:116320. [PMID: 38653020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the impact of calcination of zeolites on the ecotoxicity of carbamazepine solutions in two matrices, water and synthetic sewage, was assessed. Two types of zeolites were tested: natural zeolite, in the form of a zeolite rock consisting mainly of clinoptilolite, and a synthetic zeolite type 5 A. Additionally, zeolites were calcined at a temperature of 200 °C. The kinetics of carbamazepine adsorption in aqueous solutions and in synthetic sewage matrix was determined. Higher adsorption capacity was obtained for carbamazepine aqueous solutions as well as zeolites after the calcination process. Considering type of zeolite, the highest and fastest uptake of carbamazepine was observed for natural zeolite after calcination. In the case of ecotoxicity, carbamazepine solutions before adsorption was the most toxic towards Raphidocelis subcapitata, next Aliivibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna, regardless to the matrix type. The differentiation in toxicity regarding the type of matrix was observed, in the case of algae and bacteria, higher toxicity was demonstrated by carbamazepine solutions in the water matrix, while in the case of crustaceans-the sewage matrix. After the adsorption process, the toxicity of carbamazepine solutions on zeolites decreased by 34.5-60.9 % for R. subcapitata, 33-39 % for A. fischeri and 55-60 % for D. magna, thus confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method of carbamazepine immobilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Bogusz
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute, Ks. Troszynskiego St. 9, Warsaw 01-693, Poland.
| | - Beata Tomczyk
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute, Ks. Troszynskiego St. 9, Warsaw 01-693, Poland
| | - Magdalena Trzcińska
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute, Ks. Troszynskiego St. 9, Warsaw 01-693, Poland
| | - Barbara Mirosław
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Lublin 20-031, Poland
| | - Barbara Gworek
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Risk Assessment, Institute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute, Slowicza St. 32, Warsaw 02-170, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lentz MP, Graham DJ, van Vliet MTH. Drought impact on pharmaceuticals in surface waters in Europe: Case study for the Rhine and Elbe basins. Sci Total Environ 2024; 922:171186. [PMID: 38408670 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Hydrological droughts are expected to increase in frequency and severity in many regions due to climate change. Over the last two decades, several droughts occurred in Europe, including the 2018-drought, which showed major adverse impacts for nature and different sectoral uses (e.g. irrigation, drinking water). While drought impacts on water quantity are well studied, little understanding exists on the impacts on water quality, particularly regarding pharmaceutical concentrations in surface waters. This study investigates the impact of the 2018-drought on concentrations of four selected pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, diclofenac and metoprolol) in surface waters in Europe, with a major focus on the Elbe and Rhine rivers. Monitoring data were analysed for the period of 2010-2020 to estimate the spatiotemporal patterns of pharmaceuticals and assess the concentration responses in rivers during the 2018-drought compared to reference years. Our results indicate an overall deterioration in water quality, which can be attributed to the extremely low flow and higher water temperatures (∼ + 1.5 °C and + 2.0 °C in Elbe and Rhine, respectively) during the 2018-drought. Our results show an increase in the concentrations of carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, and metoprolol, but reduced concentrations of diclofenac during the 2018-drought. Significant increases in carbamazepine concentrations (+45 %) were observed at 3/6 monitoring stations in the upstream part of the Elbe, which was mainly attributed to less dilution of chemical loads from wastewater treatment plants under drought conditions. However, reduced diclofenac concentrations could be attributed to increased degradation processes under higher water temperatures (R2 = 0.60). Moreover, the rainfed-dominated Elbe exhibited more severe water quality deterioration than the snowmelt-dominated Rhine river, as the Elbe's reduction in dilution capacity was larger. Our findings highlight the need to account for the impacts of climate change and associated increases in droughts in water quality management plans, to improve the provision of water of good quality for ecosystems and sectoral needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Lentz
- Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.115, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Duncan J Graham
- Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.115, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michelle T H van Vliet
- Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.115, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Prato E, Biandolino F, Grattagliano A, Ruscito A, Lofrano G, Libralato G, Trifuoggi M, Albarano L, Parlapiano I. Individual and combined effects of amoxicillin and carbamazepine to the marine copepod Tigriopus fulvus. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:61672-61681. [PMID: 36933130 PMCID: PMC10167106 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals can be considered a global threat to aquatic ecosystems due to their pseudo-persistence and their potential toxicity towards non-target species. Amoxicillin (AMX) and carbamazepine (CBZ) and their mixture (1:1) were investigated on the marine copepod Tigriopus fulvus (Fischer, 1860) considering both acute and chronic endpoints. While acute and chronic exposure did not directly affect survival, reproductive endpoints were affected like the mean egg hatching time that was significantly longer than the negative control for treatments with AMX (0.789 ± 0.079 μg/L), CBZ (8.88 ± 0.89 μg/L), and AMX and CMZ as a mixture (1.03 ± 0.10 μg/L and 0.941 ± 0.094 μg/L), in that order.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ermelinda Prato
- National Research Council, Water Research Institute (IRSA-CNR), Via Roma, 3, 74123, Taranto, Italy
| | - Francesca Biandolino
- National Research Council, Water Research Institute (IRSA-CNR), Via Roma, 3, 74123, Taranto, Italy
| | - Asia Grattagliano
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 - 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ruscito
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 - 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giusy Lofrano
- Università degli Studi di Roma Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro De Bosis, 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Libralato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Vicinale Cupa Cintia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Vicinale Cupa Cintia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Albarano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Vicinale Cupa Cintia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Isabella Parlapiano
- National Research Council, Water Research Institute (IRSA-CNR), Via Roma, 3, 74123, Taranto, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
He Y, Zhang Y, Zhou W, Freitas R, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Combined exposure of polystyrene microplastics and carbamazepine induced transgenerational effects on the reproduction of Daphnia magna. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:67596-67607. [PMID: 37115439 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene microplastics (PS MPs) and carbamazepine (CBZ) are frequently detected in freshwater ecosystems. However, the transgenerational effects of PS MPs and CBZ on the reproduction of aquatic organisms and the corresponding mechanisms are still unclear. In the present study, Daphnia magna was used to evaluate the reproductive toxicity in two consecutive generations (F0, F1). The molting and reproduction parameters, the expression of reproduction, and the toxic metabolism genes were examined after 21-day exposure. A significantly enhanced toxicity was observed in the presence of 5 μm PS MPs and CBZ. Chronic exposure results showed that the 5 μm PS MPs alone, CBZ alone, and their mixtures exerted significant reproductive toxicity of D. magna. The results of RT-qPCR showed transcripts of genes related to reproduction (cyp314, ecr-b, cut, vtg1, vtg2, dmrt93b) and toxic metabolism (cyp4, gst) were altered in both the F0 and F1. In addition, for the F0, gene transcriptional changes of reproduction were not fully translated into physiological performance, probably due to the compensatory responses caused by the low dose of PS MPs alone, CBZ alone, and their mixtures. Whereas for the F1, the trade-off between reproduction and toxic metabolism at gene levels was observed, which translated into a significant reduction in the total neonate number of F1. These findings suggest that long-term exposure to MPs and CBZ can cause serious reproduction damage to aquatic animals, which needs to be given sufficient attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yide He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xie CT, Tan ML, Li YW, Chen QL, Shen YJ, Liu ZH. Chronic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of carbamazepine interferes with anxiety response of adult female zebrafish through GABA /5-HT pathway and HPI axis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 266:109574. [PMID: 36781090 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is one of the widely distributed pharmaceutical residues in aquatic environments, yet few researches have addressed its chronic effect on the anxiety of fish, and the mechanisms possibly involved remained elusive. In this study, adult female zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to environmental relevant concentrations of CBZ (CBZ-low, 10 μg/L; CBZ-high, 100 μg/L) for 28 days. After exposure, CBZ-high didn't affect the anxiety of fish. However, the onset time to the higher half of the tank was delayed and the total duration in the lower half of the tank was increased in CBZ-low fish, suggesting an increased anxiety. Further investigation indicated that CBZ-low significantly decreased the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) level in the brain, while increased the serotonin (5-HT) level in the brain and cortisol level in plasma. Accordingly, the mRNA levels of genes in GABA (gad2, abat, gabrb2, gabrg2, gria1a and slc12a2) pathway and HPI (crha, actha, pc1 and pc2) axis were also altered. Despite the upregulation of tph2 was consistent with increased 5-HT level in the brain, significantly downregulated htr1aa and htr1b may indicate attenuated 5-HT potency. Although CBZ-high significantly reduced GABA level in the brain and increased cortisol level in plasma, the effects were dramatically alleviated than that of CBZ-low. Consistently, the expression of genes in HPI (crha, actha, pc1 and pc2) axis and GABA (gad2 and abat) pathway were also altered by CBZ-high, probably due to inconspicuous anxiety response of CBZ-high. Briefly, our data suggested that low concentration of CBZ disrupted zebrafish anxiety by interfering with neurotransmission and endocrine system, thereby bringing about adverse ecological consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ting Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Mei-Ling Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ying-Wen Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qi-Liang Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yan-Jun Shen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Salahinejad A, Meuthen D, Attaran A, Chivers DP, Ferrari MCO. Effects of common antiepileptic drugs on teleost fishes. Sci Total Environ 2023; 866:161324. [PMID: 36608821 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are globally prescribed to treat epilepsy and many other psychiatric disorders in humans. Their high consumption, low metabolic rate in the human body and low efficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in eliminating these chemicals results in the frequent occurrence of these pharmaceutical drugs in aquatic systems. Therefore, aquatic organisms, including ecologically and economically important teleost fishes, may be inadvertently exposed to these chemicals. Due to their physiological similarity with humans, fishes may be particularly vulnerable to AEDs. Almost all AED drugs are detectable in natural aquatic ecosystems, but diazepam (DZP) and carbamazepine (CBZ) are among the most widely detected AEDs to date. Recent studies suggest that these drugs have a substantial capacity to induce neurotoxicity and behavioral abnormality in fishes. Here we review the current state of knowledge regarding the potential mode of action of DZP and CBZ as well as that of some other AEDs on teleosts and put observable behavioral effects into a mechanistic context. We find that following their intended mode of action in humans, AEDs also disrupt the GABAergic, glutamatergic and serotonergic systems as well as parasympathetic neurotransmitters in fishes. Moreover, AEDs have non-specific modes of action in teleosts ranging from estrogenic activity to oxidative stress. These physiological changes are often accompanied by dose-dependent disruptions of anxiety, locomotor activity, social behaviors, food uptake, and learning and memory, but DZP and CBZ consistently induced anxiolytic effects. Thereby, AED exposure severely compromises individual fitness across teleost fish species, which may lead to population and ecosystem impairment. We also showcase promising avenues for future research by highlighting where we lack data when it comes to effects of certain AEDs, AED concentrations and behavioral endpoints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Salahinejad
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada.
| | - Denis Meuthen
- Evolutionary Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Anoosha Attaran
- Robart Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5K8, Canada
| | - Douglas P Chivers
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Maud C O Ferrari
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
O'Rourke K, Engelmann B, Altenburger R, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Grintzalis K. Molecular Responses of Daphnids to Chronic Exposures to Pharmaceuticals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36835510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds are among several classes of contaminants of emerging concern, such as pesticides, heavy metals and personal care products, all of which are a major concern for aquatic ecosystems. The hazards posed by the presence of pharmaceutical is one which affects both freshwater organisms and human health-via non-target effects and by the contamination of drinking water sources. The molecular and phenotypic alterations of five pharmaceuticals which are commonly present in the aquatic environment were explored in daphnids under chronic exposures. Markers of physiology such as enzyme activities were combined with metabolic perturbations to assess the impact of metformin, diclofenac, gabapentin, carbamazepine and gemfibrozil on daphnids. Enzyme activity of markers of physiology included phosphatases, lipase, peptidase, β-galactosidase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase activities. Furthermore, targeted LC-MS/MS analysis focusing on glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway and the TCA cycle intermediates was performed to assess metabolic alterations. Exposure to pharmaceuticals resulted in the changes in activity for several enzymes of metabolism and the detoxification enzyme glutathione-S-transferase. Metabolic perturbations on key pathways revealed distinct groups and metabolic fingerprints for the different exposures and their mixtures. Chronic exposure to pharmaceuticals at low concentrations revealed significant alterations of metabolic and physiological endpoints.
Collapse
|
8
|
Feng S, Zhang Y, Gao F, Li M, Zhu L, Wen H, Xi Y, Xiang X. Inhibitory Effects of Antipsychotic Chlorpromazine on the Survival, Reproduction and Population Growth Other Than Neurotransmitters of Zooplankton in Light of Global Warming. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:16167. [PMID: 36498239 PMCID: PMC9736287 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and environmental pollution have created a unique combination of abiotic and biotic stresses to zooplankton. However, little information is available on the effects of antipsychotic drugs commonly used to treat psychosis, such as chlorpromazine (CPZ), on non-target aquatic organisms in light of global warming. This study investigated how dopamine concentrations (DAC), acute toxicity and chronic toxicity of Brachionus calyciflorus changed in response to CPZ and gradually increasing temperatures. The results showed that the concentration range of rotifer DAC was 1.06~2.51 ng/g. At 18, 25 and 32 °C, the 24 h LC50 was 1.795, 1.242 and 0.833 mg/L, respectively. Compared to the control, exposure to CPZ significantly decreased life expectancy at hatching, the net reproduction rate, generation time, population growth rate and dopamine concentration of B. calyciflorus in all three temperatures (p < 0.05). The toxicity of CPZ to rotifers was increased by high temperature. These findings indicated that CPZ is highly toxic to rotifers, displaying high ecological risks to aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Feng
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yongzhi Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Fan Gao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Lingyun Zhu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Hao Wen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yilong Xi
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-Founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xianling Xiang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-Founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhu 241002, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cho H, Ryu CS, Lee SA, Adeli Z, Meupea BT, Kim Y, Kim YJ. Endocrine-disrupting potential and toxicological effect of para-phenylphenol on Daphnia magna. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 243:113965. [PMID: 35994907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Several phenol derivatives are suspected endocrine disruptors and have received attention in risk assessment studies for several decades owing to the structural similarity between estrogens and phenolic compounds. We assessed the endocrine disrupting effect of the phenolic compound para-phenylphenol (PPP) through acute tests and evaluating chronic endpoints in an invertebrate model, Daphnia magna. Exposure of D. magna to PPP induced substantial adverse effects, namely, reduced fecundity, slowed growth rate, delayed first brood, and a reduction in neonate size. Furthermore, we investigated the mRNA expression of relevant genes to elucidate the mechanism of endocrine disruption by PPP. Exposure of D. magna to PPP induced the substantial downregulation of genes and markers related to reproduction and development, such as EcR-A, EcR-B, Jhe, and Vtg. Consequently, we demonstrated that PPP has an endocrine disrupting effect on reproduction and development in D. magna.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunki Cho
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Chang Seon Ryu
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sang-Ah Lee
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Zahra Adeli
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Brenda Tenou Meupea
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Youngsam Kim
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Division of Energy & Environment Technology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea.
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Division of Energy & Environment Technology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ács A, Liang X, Bock I, Griffitts J, Ivánovics B, Vásárhelyi E, Ferincz Á, Pirger Z, Urbányi B, Csenki Z. Chronic Effects of Carbamazepine, Progesterone and Their Mixtures at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations on Biochemical Markers of Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091776. [PMID: 36139850 PMCID: PMC9495832 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of pharmaceuticals on non-target organisms in the environment is of increasing concern and study. Pharmaceuticals and other pollutants are often present as mixtures in an environmental compartment. Studies on the toxicological implications of these drugs on fish, particularly as mixtures at environmentally relevant concentrations, are very limited. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the chronic effects of the anticonvulsant drug carbamazepine (CBZ) and progesterone (P4) at environmentally relevant concentrations, individually and in binary mixtures, applying a suite of biomarkers at the molecular level in zebrafish (Danio rerio). The effects on biotransformation enzymes 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidases (GPxSe and GPxTOT), and glutathione reductase (GR), and markers of damage, such as DNA strand breaks (DNAsb), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and vitellogenin-like proteins (VTG), were evaluated. Analyses of the biochemical markers indicated that a synergistic dose-ratio-dependent effect of CBZ and P4 in zebrafish occurs after chronic exposure regarding VTG, biotransformation enzymes (EROD, GST), and oxidative stress marker (DNAsb). The results suggest a synergistic effect regarding VTG, thus indicating a high risk to the reproductive success of fish if these pharmaceuticals co-occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- András Ács
- Department of Freshwater Fish Ecology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
- Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - Xinyue Liang
- Department of Freshwater Fish Ecology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Illés Bock
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Jeffrey Griffitts
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Bence Ivánovics
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Erna Vásárhelyi
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Árpád Ferincz
- Department of Freshwater Fish Ecology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Pirger
- Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - Béla Urbányi
- Department of Aquaculture, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| | - Zsolt Csenki
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nkoom M, Lu G, Liu J. Chronic toxicity of diclofenac, carbamazepine and their mixture to Daphnia magna: a comparative two-generational study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:58963-58979. [PMID: 35378650 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19463-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The chronic toxicity of diclofenac (DCF) and carbamazepine (CBZ) as separate substances and in conjunction with their mixture on Daphnia magna was assessed in the parental (F0) and first filial (F1) generations. The second (F1-B2) and fifth (F1-B5) broods of F1 offspring were investigated and compared. Both drugs and their mixture were exposed to each generation of Daphnia magna for 21 days with life history, behavioural and gene expressions as measured endpoints. After the parental exposure, offspring from these two broods were transferred to a clean medium for a 21-day recovery. Exposure to diclofenac, carbamazepine and their mixture significantly inhibited growth, reproduction, swimming activities, heart rate, thoracic limb activities, reproductive and antioxidant-related genes in the parental as well as the first filial generations. These effects were relatively greater in the F1 generation. This indicates that Daphnia magna's sensitivity improved while its fitness declined over the two generations, which is an indicator of greater energy requirements for maintenance. Besides, the significant inhibition in the antioxidant-related genes implies that oxidative stress occurred in Daphnia magna under the exposure to these drugs. The significant reduction in the reproductive output, moulting frequency and cyp314 gene expression as a result of exposure to CBZ simultaneously obtained herein may indicate that this drug could act as an endocrine disruptor. Most of these significant effects were not recoverable after the 21-day recovery period. The findings reported herein highlight the necessity to include maternal effects in environmental risk assessment processes, considering that pollutant effects are underestimated during single-generational exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Nkoom
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources, Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
- Department of Environment and Sustainability Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources, Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources, Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liang X, Csenki Z, Ivánovics B, Bock I, Csorbai B, Molnár J, Vásárhelyi E, Griffitts J, Ferincz Á, Urbányi B, Ács A. Biochemical Marker Assessment of Chronic Carbamazepine Exposure at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations in Juvenile Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061136. [PMID: 35740033 PMCID: PMC9219654 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, the anticonvulsant drug carbamazepine (CBZ) is the most frequently identified pharmaceutical residue detected in rivers. Reported chronic effects of CBZ in non-target freshwater organisms, particularly fish, include oxidative stress and damage to liver tissues. Studies on CBZ effects in fish are mostly limited to zebrafish and rainbow trout studies. Furthermore, there are only a few chronic CBZ studies using near environmental concentrations. In this study, we provide data on subacute effects of CBZ exposure (28 days) to common carp (Cyprinus carpio), employing a set of biochemical markers of damage and exposure. CBZ was found to induce a significant change in the hepatic antioxidant status of fish subjected to 5 µg/L. Moreover, with increasing concentrations, enzymatic and non-enzymatic biomarkers of oxidative defence (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), DNA strand breaks)), toxicant biotransformation (ethoxyresorufin-o-demethylase (EROD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST)), and organ and tissue damage (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cetylcholinesterase (AChE)) were altered. The AChE, LDH, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) results indicate the occurrence of apoptotic process activation and tissue damage after 28 days of exposure to CBZ. These findings suggest significant adverse effects of CBZ exposure to common carp at concentrations often found in surface waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Liang
- Department of Freshwater Fish Ecology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (X.L.); (Á.F.)
| | - Zsolt Csenki
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (Z.C.); (B.I.); (I.B.); (E.V.); (J.G.)
| | - Bence Ivánovics
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (Z.C.); (B.I.); (I.B.); (E.V.); (J.G.)
| | - Illés Bock
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (Z.C.); (B.I.); (I.B.); (E.V.); (J.G.)
| | - Balázs Csorbai
- Department of Aquaculture, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (B.C.); (J.M.); (B.U.)
| | - József Molnár
- Department of Aquaculture, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (B.C.); (J.M.); (B.U.)
| | - Erna Vásárhelyi
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (Z.C.); (B.I.); (I.B.); (E.V.); (J.G.)
| | - Jeffrey Griffitts
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (Z.C.); (B.I.); (I.B.); (E.V.); (J.G.)
| | - Árpád Ferincz
- Department of Freshwater Fish Ecology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (X.L.); (Á.F.)
| | - Béla Urbányi
- Department of Aquaculture, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (B.C.); (J.M.); (B.U.)
| | - András Ács
- Department of Freshwater Fish Ecology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (X.L.); (Á.F.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Marlatt VL, Bayen S, Castaneda-Cortès D, Delbès G, Grigorova P, Langlois VS, Martyniuk CJ, Metcalfe CD, Parent L, Rwigemera A, Thomson P, Van Der Kraak G. Impacts of endocrine disrupting chemicals on reproduction in wildlife and humans. Environ Res 2022; 208:112584. [PMID: 34951986 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are ubiquitous in aquatic and terrestrial environments. The main objective of this review was to summarize the current knowledge of the impacts of EDCs on reproductive success in wildlife and humans. The examples selected often include a retrospective assessment of the knowledge of reproductive impacts over time to discern how the effects of EDCs have changed over the last several decades. Collectively, the evidence summarized here within reinforce the concept that reproduction in wildlife and humans is negatively impacted by anthropogenic chemicals, with several altering endocrine system function. These observations of chemicals interfering with different aspects of the reproductive endocrine axis are particularly pronounced for aquatic species and are often corroborated by laboratory-based experiments (i.e. fish, amphibians, birds). Noteworthy, many of these same indicators are also observed in epidemiological studies in mammalian wildlife and humans. Given the vast array of reproductive strategies used by animals, it is perhaps not surprising that no single disrupted target is predictive of reproductive effects. Nevertheless, there are some general features of the endocrine control of reproduction, and in particular, the critical role that steroid hormones play in these processes that confer a high degree of susceptibility to environmental chemicals. New research is needed on the implications of chemical exposures during development and the potential for long-term reproductive effects. Future emphasis on field-based observations that can form the basis of more deliberate, extensive, and long-term population level studies to monitor contaminant effects, including adverse effects on the endocrine system, are key to addressing these knowledge gaps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V L Marlatt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - S Bayen
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - D Castaneda-Cortès
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Laval, QC, Canada
| | - G Delbès
- Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Laval, QC, Canada
| | - P Grigorova
- Département Science et Technologie, Université TELUQ, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - V S Langlois
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Laval, QC, Canada
| | - C J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - C D Metcalfe
- School of Environment, Trent University, Trent, Canada
| | - L Parent
- Département Science et Technologie, Université TELUQ, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - A Rwigemera
- Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Laval, QC, Canada
| | - P Thomson
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Laval, QC, Canada
| | - G Van Der Kraak
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Adeola AO, Ore OT, Fapohunda O, Adewole AH, Akerele DD, Akingboye AS, Oloye FF. Psychotropic Drugs of Emerging Concerns in Aquatic Systems: Ecotoxicology and Remediation Approaches. Chemistry Africa 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-022-00334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
15
|
Algarra M, Jodeh S, Aqel I, Hanbali G, Radi S, Tighadouini S, Alkowni R, Soto J, Samhan S, Kaya S, Katin KP. Phenylamine/Amide Grafted in Silica as Sensing Nanocomposites for the Removal of Carbamazepine: A DFT Approach. Chemosensors 2022; 10:76. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to remove carbamazepine from aqueous solutions, using functional silica phenylamine (SiBN), which is characterized and showed excellent chemical and thermal stability. Adsorbents based on silica were developed due to their unusually large surface area, homogenous pore structure, and well-modified surface properties, as silica sparked tremendous interest. It was determined to develop a novel silica adsorbent including phenylamine and amide (SiBCON). The adsorbents obtained were analyzed by various spectroscopy devices, including SEM, FT-IR and TGA analysis. The maximum removal rates for carbamazepine were 98.37% and 98.22% for SiBN and SiBCON, respectively, when optimized at room temperature, pH 9.0, initial concentration of 10 mg·L−1 and contact time of 15 min. Theoretical tools are widely used in the prediction of the power of interactions between chemical systems. The computed data showed that new amine modified silica is quite effective in terms of the removal of carbamazepine from aqueous solution. Calculation binding energies and DFT data showed that there is a powerful interaction between amine-modified silica and carbamazepine.
Collapse
|
16
|
Tkaczyk A, Bownik A, Dudka J, Kowal K, Ślaska B. Daphnia magna model in the toxicity assessment of pharmaceuticals: A review. Sci Total Environ 2021; 763:143038. [PMID: 33127157 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Daphnia magna is one of the most commonly used model organism to assess toxicity of wide range of pharmaceuticals such as antibiotics, anticancer drugs, antidepressants, anti-inflammatory drugs, beta-blockers and lipid-regulating agents. Currently, daphnia toxicity tests based on immobilisation and lethality standardised by OECD, acute immobilisation test and reproduction test, are mainly used in toxicological studies. Detailed analysis of Daphnia biology allows distinguishing the swimming behaviour and physiological endpoints such as swimming speed, distance travelled, hopping frequency, heart rate, ingestion rate, feeding rate, oxygen consumption, thoracic limb activity which could be also useful in assessment of toxic effects. The advantage of behavioural and physiological parameters is the possibility to observe sublethal effects induced by lower concentrations of pharmaceuticals which would not be possible to notice by using OECD tests. Additionally, toxic effects of tested drugs could be assessed using enzymatic and non-enzymatic biomarkers of daphnia toxicity. This review presents scientific data considering characteristics of D. magna, analysis of immobilisation, lethality, reproductive, behavioural, physiological and biochemical parameters used in the toxicity assessment of pharmaceuticals. The aim of this paper is also to emphasize usefulness, advantages and disadvantages of these invertebrate model organisms to assess toxicity of different therapeutic classes of pharmaceuticals. Also, various examples of application of D. magna in studies on pharmaceutical toxicity are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Tkaczyk
- Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Adam Bownik
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-62 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Dudka
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Kowal
- Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Brygida Ślaska
- Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Adedara IA, Ajayi BO, Afolabi BA, Awogbindin IO, Rocha JBT, Farombi EO. Toxicological outcome of exposure to psychoactive drugs carbamazepine and diazepam on non-target insect Nauphoeta cinerea. Chemosphere 2021; 264:128449. [PMID: 33032224 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The continuous detection of human pharmaceuticals during environmental biomonitoring is a global concern because of the menaces they may exert on non-target organisms. Carbamazepine (CBZ) and diazepam (DZP) are commonly prescribed psychotropic drugs which have been reported to coexist in the environment globally. Nauphoeta cinerea is a common insect with high ecological impact. This study elucidated the influence of co-exposure to DZP (0.5 and 1.0 μg kg-1 diet) and CBZ (1.5 and 3.0 μg kg-1 diet) for 42 days on the behavior and biochemical responses in Nauphoeta cinerea. Results showed that DZP alone did not induce adverse effect on the behavior and antioxidant status in the exposed insects. However, exposure to CBZ alone and binary mixtures of DZP and CBZ significantly decreased locomotor and exploratory accomplishments evidenced by decreased mobile episodes, total mobile time, maximum speed, total distance traveled, absolute turn angle, body rotation and path efficiency in comparison with control. The decline observed in the exploratory activities of insects fed with CBZ alone and the mixtures was confirmed by track plots and heat maps. Further, acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzyme activities decreased significantly whereas reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation levels increased significantly in the hemolymph, head and midgut of insects exposed to CBZ alone and the mixtures. Collectively, CBZ alone and binary mixtures of CBZ and DZP caused neurotoxicity via induction of inflammatory and oxidative stress in insects. Nauphoeta cinerea may be a potential non-target insect model for monitoring ecotoxicological hazard of pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac A Adedara
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Babajide O Ajayi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Blessing A Afolabi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ifeoluwa O Awogbindin
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Joao B T Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ebenezer O Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pablos MV, Beltrán EM, Jiménez MA, García-Hortigüela P, Fernández A, González-Doncel M, Fernández C. Effect assessment of reclaimed water and carbamazepine exposure on the thyroid axis of X. laevis: Apical and histological effects. Sci Total Environ 2020; 723:138023. [PMID: 32220735 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing environmental concern about the constant presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in surface water, generally attributed to water discharge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) that are unable to completely remove these compounds. The slight, but continuous, presence of these contaminants in reclaimed water (RW) poses a risk of chronic and sublethal toxicity, and the thyroid axis can likely be a target of many of these PPCPs. In this work, we addressed the effects of RW on the Xenopus laevis thyroid system. The Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay (AMA test) was used with modifications by exposing X. laevis tadpoles to RW samples, and to RW spiked with carbamazepine (CBZ) at 100 and 1000 higher than the average levels environmentally relevant (RW 100× and RW 1000×, respectively). Carbamazepine was selected because it is considered a marker of anthropogenic pollution and could have a potential effect on the thyroid axis. The morphological endpoints and histological alterations to the thyroid gland were evaluated. The results suggested the stimulation of the thyroid gland from exposures to the RW samples, supported by tadpoles' accelerated development and by the histological alterations observed in the thyroid gland. Developmental acceleration was also seen in the tadpoles exposed to the RW-100× and -1000× samples at comparable levels to those seen in exposures to RW samples alone. Hence CBZ did not seem to increase the effects of RW on the thyroid axis. Overall, our results suggested endocrine effects of these RW samples regardless of the CBZ concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M V Pablos
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Environment, INIA, Crta. La Coruña km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - E M Beltrán
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Environment, INIA, Crta. La Coruña km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Jiménez
- Histology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The Complutense University, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P García-Hortigüela
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Environment, INIA, Crta. La Coruña km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Fernández
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Environment, INIA, Crta. La Coruña km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M González-Doncel
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Environment, INIA, Crta. La Coruña km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Fernández
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Environment, INIA, Crta. La Coruña km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dumas T, Bonnefille B, Gomez E, Boccard J, Castro NA, Fenet H, Courant F. Metabolomics approach reveals disruption of metabolic pathways in the marine bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to a WWTP effluent extract. Sci Total Environ 2020; 712:136551. [PMID: 31945539 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) discharge a highly diverse range of organic contaminants in aquatic environments, including marine waters. The health of marine ecosystems could be threatened by contaminants release. Environmental metabolomics can be helpful to assess the effects of multi-contamination on marine organisms without any a priori information since it is able to provide meaningful information on the biochemical response of organisms to a stress. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of metabolomics to highlight key metabolites disrupted by a WWTP effluent extract exposure and then elucidate the biological effects of such exposure on Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis). Exposed male mussels showed numerous metabolites altered in response to WWTP effluent exposure. The highlighted metabolites belong mainly to amino acids metabolism (e.g. tyrosine, phenylalanine, leucine, proline, etc.), neurohormones (dopamine and a serotonin metabolite), purine and pyrimidine metabolism (e.g. adenosine, adenine, guanine, uracil etc.), citric acid cycle intermediates (e.g. malate, fumarate), and a component involved in oxidative stress defense (oxidized glutathione). Modulation of these metabolites could reflect the alteration of several biological processes such as energy metabolism, DNA and RNA synthesis, immune system, osmoregulation, byssus formation and reproduction, which may lead to a negative impact of organism fitness. Our study provided further insight into the effects of WWTP effluents on marine organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Dumas
- Hydrosciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Bénilde Bonnefille
- Hydrosciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Elena Gomez
- Hydrosciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Boccard
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Nancy Ariza Castro
- Hydrosciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Escuela de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, 159-7050, Costa Rica
| | - Hélène Fenet
- Hydrosciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédérique Courant
- Hydrosciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Palma P, Fialho S, Lima A, Novais MH, Costa MJ, Montemurro N, Pérez S, de Alda ML. Pharmaceuticals in a Mediterranean Basin: The influence of temporal and hydrological patterns in environmental risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 2020; 709:136205. [PMID: 31905561 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment is nowadays a well-established issue that has become a matter of both scientific and public concern. Tons of different classes of pharmaceuticals find their way to the environment at variable degrees, after their use and excretion through wastewater and sewage treatment systems. The main goal of this study was to correlate the dynamics and the environmental risk of pharmaceuticals with different temporal and hydrological patterns, at the Guadiana Basin (South of Portugal). Water samples were collected bimonthly during 2017 (classified as a drought year) and 2018 (post-drought year) in: Zebro, Álamos and Amieira (intermittent hydrological streams), and Lucefécit (perennial hydrological stream). The pharmaceuticals quantified in higher concentrations, out of 27 investigated, were diclofenac (up to 4806 ng L-1), ibuprofen (3161 ng L-1), hydrochlorothiazide (2726 ng L-1) and carbamazepine (3223 ng L-1). Zebro and Álamos presented the highest contamination by this group of environmental hazardous substances, which may be correlated with the presence of wastewater treatment plants upstream the sampling point of each stream. Furthermore, the highest concentrations occurred mainly during the dry period (2017), when the flow was nearly inexistent in Zebro, and in Álamos after the first heavy rainfalls. In specific periods, the high concentrations of pharmaceuticals detected may induce risk for the organisms of lowest trophic levels, damaging the balance of the ecosystems at these streams. The risk quotient optimised approach (RQf) integrating exposure, toxicity and persistence factors, ranks the pharmaceuticals investigated in terms of risk for the aquatic ecosystems as follows: diclofenac, ibuprofen and carbamazepine (high risk), clarithromycin (moderate risk), acetaminophen, ofloxacin and bezafibrate (endurable risk), and hydrochlorothiazide (negligible risk).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Palma
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências da Terra (ICT), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal.
| | - Sofia Fialho
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal
| | - Ana Lima
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Novais
- Instituto de Ciências da Terra (ICT), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Maria João Costa
- Instituto de Ciências da Terra (ICT), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal; Science and Technology School, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Nicola Montemurro
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Pérez
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miren Lopez de Alda
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Heye K, Graumnitz S, Rybicki M, Schür C, Völker J, Wick A, Oehlmann J, Jungmann D, Oetken M. Laboratory-to-field extrapolation: Increase in carbamazepine toxicity in a higher tier, multiple-stress experiment. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 183:109481. [PMID: 31442800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity and environmental risk of chemicals, such as the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ), is commonly assessed using standardized laboratory tests and laboratory-to-field extrapolation. To investigate the toxicity of CBZ to aquatic key organisms in a more complex and environmentally relevant scenario, we conducted a 32-day multiple-stress experiment in artificial indoor streams. We exposed the non-biting midge Chironomus riparius, the blackworm Lumbriculus variegatus, and the New Zealand mud snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum to 80 and 400 μg CBZ/L in six artificial indoor streams. In addition to hydraulic stress, species' interaction, and low organic content in the sediment, organisms were co-exposed to the herbicide terbutryn (TBY) as a second chemical stressor at a concentration of 6 μg/L. The exposure to CBZ under multiple stress conditions resulted in a 10- to more than 25-fold higher toxicity in C. riparius and P. antipodarum when compared to a previous, standardized laboratory experiment. The co-exposure to TBY enhanced the adverse effects of CBZ on snails (reduced production of embryos). This effect was additive as the single exposure to TBY also reduced the reproduction of snails, most likely through the reduction of biofilm biomass. The emergence of C. riparius declined at a CBZ concentration of 400 μg/L (without the co-exposure to TBY) and at 80 μg/L in combination with TBY. The difference in sensitivity between laboratory and indoor stream experiments is indicative of a potential underestimation of risk when toxicity data are extrapolated to field conditions. The present results suggest the inclusion of non-chemical and chemical stressors in environmental hazard and risk assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Heye
- Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Vali Consulting GmbH, Im Technologiepark 5, 69469 Weinheim, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Graumnitz
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Hydrobiology, Zellescher Weg 40, 01217, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcus Rybicki
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Hydrobiology, Zellescher Weg 40, 01217, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Schür
- Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Johannes Völker
- Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Norwegien University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arne Wick
- German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Jörg Oehlmann
- Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dirk Jungmann
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Hydrobiology, Zellescher Weg 40, 01217, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Oetken
- Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tian Y, Xia X, Wang J, Zhu L, Wang J, Zhang F, Ahmad Z. Chronic Toxicological Effects of Carbamazepine on Daphnia magna Straus: Effects on Reproduction Traits, Body Length, and Intrinsic Growth. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2019; 103:723-728. [PMID: 31520142 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02715-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) that remain in the environment have become increasingly important. Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a widely used antiepileptic drug that has a potential impact on the environment due to its Physico-chemical properties, which are rarely eliminated in conventional water treatment. Daphnia magna Straus (DMS) is a fundamental link of aquatic ecosystem chain. The influence of CBZ toxicity on DMS can effectively reflect the effects of CBZ toxicity on the aquatic environment. In this study, DMS was used as a subject to assess the chronic effects of CBZ exposure. It was found that after 21 days of CBZ exposure, the breeding frequency, the total number of eggs laid, body length, and intrinsic growth rate of DMS decreased with increasing CBZ concentrations. Maximum reductions of 69% in fecundity and 60% in fertility were observed at 0.5 mg/L CBZ, while a maximum reduction of 60% in body length was observed at 0.001 mg/L CBZ concentration. The integrated biomarker response version 2 (IBRv2) analysis suggests that with the increase in CBZ concentration, the overall negative effect of CBZ on DMS was enhanced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Xiaoming Xia
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China.
| | - Lusheng Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Fengzhao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nkoom M, Lu G, Liu J, Yang H, Dong H. Bioconcentration of the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine and its physiological and biochemical effects on Daphnia magna. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 172:11-18. [PMID: 30669069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its persistence, carbamazepine an antiepileptic drug is regularly detected in the aquatic environment. The motive for our research was to assess the bioconcentration, physiological and biochemical effects of carbamazepine in Daphnia magna. A 48 h aqueous exposure of carbamazepine yielded bioconcentration factors of 202.56 and 19.95 in Daphnia magna for the respective nominal treatments of 5 and 100 µg/L. Apparently, the inhibition of the capability of Daphnia magna to obtain food attributable to carbamazepine exposure will reduce their fitness to reproduce as well as to grow. Also, a significant alteration in the phototactic behaviour of Daphnia magna exposed to carbamazepine is maladaptive since it will increase their chance of being preyed upon in the surface water during daylight. Again, a significant decline in the acetylcholinesterase activity observed herein brings to light the neurotoxicity of carbamazepine to Daphnia magna. Moreover, significant inhibition of the superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase activities coupled with the simultaneous induction of the malondialdehyde content imply that carbamazepine evoked a life-threatening oxidative stress that overpowered the antioxidant defence system of Daphnia magna. These observations confirm that carbamazepine can accumulate and consequently cause negative physiological and biochemical changes to wild Daphnia magna populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Nkoom
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Water Conservancy Project & Civil Engineering College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China.
| | - Jianchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Haohan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Huike Dong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen H, Gu X, Zeng Q, Mao Z, Liang X, Martyniuk CJ. Carbamazepine disrupts molting hormone signaling and inhibits molting and growth of Eriocheir sinensis at environmentally relevant concentrations. Aquat Toxicol 2019; 208:138-145. [PMID: 30669117 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ), one of the most frequently detected pharmaceutical compounds in aquatic environments, has recently been shown to cause chronic toxicity and endocrine disruption in a variety of non-target aquatic organisms. However, neither the effects nor the specific mechanism of CBZ action on the molting of crustaceans is well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CBZ on the molting and growth of the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis, a native and economically important species in China, and to elucidate the specific mechanisms through which molt inhibition occurs. Juvenile E. sinensis were treated with four nominal environmentally relevant concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, or 10 μg/L) of CBZ for acute (4 days) and chronic (40 days) exposures. After acute exposure, chitinase activity in the epidermis and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE) concentration in the hemolymph were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) following treatment with 10 μg/L CBZ, whereas epidermal chitobiase activity significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in response to both 1 and 10 μg/L CBZ treatments. Transcript levels of the genes encoding crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (chh) and molt-inhibiting hormone (mih) in the eyestalks were also markedly induced after 1 or 10 μg/L CBZ treatment (p < 0.05), whereas the expression of genes encoding ecdysone receptor (ecr) and crustacean retinoid X receptor (rxr) in the hepatopancreas were significantly suppressed (p < 0.05) after acute exposure. Moreover, under chronic exposure, CBZ inhibited the molting and growth of E. sinensis, resulting in a longer time before molting was completed (TBM), as well as a lower molting increment (MI) with 1 or 10 μg/L treatment (p < 0.05). Collectively, these data indicate that CBZ can inhibit the molting process of E. sinensis by interfering with the activity of chitinolytic enzymes and molting hormone signaling, suggestive that carbamazepine may have long-term effects on crab development. We also confirmed that CBZ may function as an endocrine disruptor in decapod crustaceans, a phenomenon that has previously been reported in vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaohong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Qingfei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhigang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xuefang Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Heye K, Wiebusch J, Becker J, Rongstock L, Bröder K, Wick A, Schulte-Oehlmann U, Oehlmann J. Ecotoxicological characterization of the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine using eight aquatic species: baseline study for future higher tier tests. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2019; 54:441-451. [PMID: 30789049 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1562819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological effects of the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ) were investigated in one primary producer (Desmodesmus subspicatus) and seven invertebrate species (Daphnia magna, Daphnia pulex, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Gammarus fossarum, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, Lumbriculus variegatus and Chironomus riparius) using OECD and US EPA guidelines for chronic toxicity testing. The present data set was used to conduct a hazard assessment for CBZ including confirmatory data. While most of our results were in accordance with previous studies, published effect data for C. dubia and D. pulex could not be confirmed, even though they have previously been considered to be the most sensitive invertebrate species to CBZ exposure. The non-biting midge, C. riparius, was the most sensitive test organism in the present study. From an EC10 of 406 µg/L and a no observed effect concentration (NOEC) of 400 µg/L, a predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) of 8 µg/L was calculated. With regard to realistic predicted and measured environmental concentrations, the environmental risk can be considered as low for CBZ when the assessment is based on laboratory-based effect data. To conduct a refined and more realistic assessment, this study provides foundational data for two future, higher tier studies: one multiple-stressor experiment and one mesocosm study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Heye
- a Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences , Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Janina Wiebusch
- a Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences , Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Johannes Becker
- a Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences , Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Lydia Rongstock
- a Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences , Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Kathrin Bröder
- b German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) , Koblenz , Germany
| | - Arne Wick
- b German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) , Koblenz , Germany
| | - Ulrike Schulte-Oehlmann
- a Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences , Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Jörg Oehlmann
- a Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences , Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen H, Gu X, Zeng Q, Mao Z. Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Carbamazepine on the Release of Chitobiase, Molting, and Reproduction in Daphnia similis. IJERPH 2019; 16:ijerph16020209. [PMID: 30642120 PMCID: PMC6351914 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most frequently detected pharmaceutical compounds in aquatic environments, carbamazepine (CBZ) has recently been shown to cause acute and chronic toxicity in a variety of non-target aquatic organisms. However, little is known about the ecotoxicological effects it has on the molting and reproduction of crustaceans. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the acute and chronic toxic responses to CBZ in the crustacean Daphnia similis. After acute exposure (4 days), CBZ did not cause lethal toxicity at the tested concentrations. However, CBZ did inhibit the molting and release of chitobiase at concentrations higher than 6.25 μg/L, with 96 h EC50 (median effective concentration) values of 864.38 and 306.17 μg/L, respectively. The results of chronic exposure showed that the mean number of molts, size of the first brood, mean number of offspring per brood, mean number of broods per female, and total offspring per female decreased significantly with increasing CBZ concentrations. Significant effects of CBZ on the molting or fecundity in D. similis were observed even at concentrations as low as 0.03 μg/L. In conclusion, CBZ can cause inhibition of molting, delayed reproduction, and reduced fecundity in D. similis. CBZ toxicity to D. similis depends on the timing and duration of the exposure. Moreover, our results indicated that CBZ would act as an endocrine disrupter in D. similis, as with vertebrates (e.g., fish).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Xiaohong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Qingfei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Zhigang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu K, Yu JCC, Dong H, Wu JCS, Hoffmann MR. Degradation and Mineralization of Carbamazepine Using an Electro-Fenton Reaction Catalyzed by Magnetite Nanoparticles Fixed on an Electrocatalytic Carbon Fiber Textile Cathode. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:12667-12674. [PMID: 30346735 PMCID: PMC6222555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical wastes are considered to be important pollutants even at low concentrations. In this regard, carbamazepine has received significant attention due to its negative effect on both ecosystem and human health. However, the need for acidic conditions severely hinders the use of conventional Fenton reagent reactions for the control and elimination of carbamazepine in wastewater effluents and drinking water influents. Herein, we report of the synthesis and use of flexible bifunctional nanoelectrocatalytic textile materials, Fe3O4-NP@CNF, for the effective degradation and complete mineralization of carbamazepine in water. The nonwoven porous structure of the composite binder-free Fe3O4-NP@CNF textile is used to generate H2O2 on the carbon nanofiber (CNF) substrate by O2 reduction. In addition, ·OH radical is generated on the surface of the bonded Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) at low applied potentials (-0.345 V). The Fe3O4-NPs are covalently bonded to the CNF textile support with a high degree of dispersion throughout the fiber matrix. The dispersion of the nanosized catalysts results in a higher catalytic reactivity than existing electro-Fenton systems. For example, the newly synthesized Fe3O4-NPs system uses an Fe loading that is 2 orders of magnitude less than existing electro-Fenton systems, coupled with a current efficiency that is higher than electrolysis using a boron-doped diamond electrode. Our test results show that this process can remove carbamazepine with high pseudo-first-order rate constants (e.g., 6.85 h-1) and minimal energy consumption (0.239 kW·h/g carbamazepine). This combination leads to an efficient and sustainable electro-Fenton process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91126, United States
| | - Joseph Che-Chin Yu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91126, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Heng Dong
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91126, United States
| | - Jeffrey C. S. Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Michael R. Hoffmann
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91126, United States
- (M.R.H.)
Tel +1 626 395 4391; Fax +1 626 395 4391; e-mail
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Guyader ME, Warren LD, Green E, Bertram R, Proudian AP, Kiesling RL, Schoenfuss HL, Higgins CP. Trace organic contaminant (TOrC) mixtures in Minnesota littoral zones: Effects of on-site wastewater treatment system (OWTS) proximity and biological impact. Sci Total Environ 2018; 626:1157-1166. [PMID: 29898522 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
On-site wastewater treatment systems (OWTSs) are an international wastewater management strategy for rural and semi-rural communities without access to centralized sewage treatment. These systems are a suspected source of trace organic contaminants (TOrCs) that may be responsible for endocrine disrupting effects to resident fish species in Minnesota Lakes. This study assessed localized porewater concentrations of TOrCs in near-shore environments across five Minnesota Lakes. Sampling sites were designated as either likely (HOME) or unlikely (REF) to receive OWTS discharges based on their proximity to shoreline households. Sampling sites also served as sunfish spawning habitats concurrently studied for biological impacts to resident adult males. Two-group hypothesis tests demonstrated significantly (p = .02) higher total TOrC concentrations in HOME (Mean = 841 ng/L) versus REF (Mean = 222 ng/L) sites. HOME sites also contained a wider suite of TOrC detections relative to REF sites. The distance to the nearest household (most proximal distance; MPD) negatively correlated (r = -0.62) with total TOrC concentrations. However, 2,4-D and DEET were major contributors to these total concentrations, suggesting that anthropogenic influence from households may not be exclusively attributed to OWTS discharges. Further, TOrC presence and elevated nitrogen concentrations in REF site porewater suggest additional, non-household TOrC discharges to these lakes. Significantly higher blood concentrations of vitellogenin (p = .03) and 11-ketotestosterone (p = .01) were observed in adult male sunfish captured from HOME versus REF sites. Comparisons between chemical and biological data indicate enhanced bioactive effects of co-contaminants. The findings from this study demonstrate multiple diffuse transport pathways contribute to the presence of biologically active TOrC mixtures in Minnesota Lakes, and mitigation efforts should consider minimizing residential inputs of chemicals associated with both outdoor and OWTS activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan E Guyader
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, CO 80401, United States
| | - Les D Warren
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, St. Cloud State University, WSB-273, 720 Fourth Avenue South, St. Cloud, MN 56301, United States
| | - Emily Green
- Chemical Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401, United States
| | - Riley Bertram
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, St. Cloud State University, WSB-273, 720 Fourth Avenue South, St. Cloud, MN 56301, United States
| | - Andrew P Proudian
- Department of Applied Physics, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401, United States
| | - Richard L Kiesling
- U.S. Geological Survey, 2280 Woodale Drive, Mounds View, MN 55112, United States
| | - Heiko L Schoenfuss
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, St. Cloud State University, WSB-273, 720 Fourth Avenue South, St. Cloud, MN 56301, United States
| | - Christopher P Higgins
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, CO 80401, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Oropesa AL, Beltrán FJ, Floro AM, Sagasti JJP, Palma P. Ecotoxicological efficiency of advanced ozonation processes with TiO 2 and black light used in the degradation of carbamazepine. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:1670-1682. [PMID: 29101690 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0602-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ecotoxicological efficiency of two advanced ozonation processes (AOzPs), the catalytic ozonation (O3/TiO2) and the photocatalytic ozonation (O3/TiO2/black light), in the remotion of carbamazepine. The ecotoxicological efficiency was assessed through the use of lethal and sublethal assays with species Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna. Results demonstrated that the AOzPs presented an efficiency of carbamazepine removal higher than 99% (carbamazepine < 2 μg/L) after 12 min of treatment. Relatively to ecotoxicological evaluation, application of acute assay to V. fischeri and chronic assay to D. magna allowed us to highlight that these technologies may form some transformation products that induce toxicity in the bacteria and the crustacean, once these organisms exposed to the undiluted solutions (100%) showed a decrease in the bioluminescence (vibrio) and end up dying before and during the first reproduction (daphnia). Despite that, when the chronic results obtained with the diluted solutions (50 and 25%; important to assess a more realistic scenario considering the dilution factor at the environment) were analyzed, no mortality at the mothers was observed. Compared to a carbamazepine solution (200 μg/L), diluted solutions improved of the reproduction parameters, and no toxic effects in the juvenoid system and in the embryonic development were observed. Relatively to the ecdysteroid effect of a carbamazepine solution (200 μg/L), only the photocatalytic ozonation treatment was able to remove the action of the drug. These results highlight the importance of complementing chemical analysis with ecotoxicological bioassays to assess the best technology to improve the surface water and effluent quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lourdes Oropesa
- Unidad de Toxicología, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Biotecnología Ganadera y Cinegética (INBIO G+C), Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Fernando Juan Beltrán
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación del Agua, Cambio Climático y Sostenibilidad (IACYS), Universidad de Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain
| | - António Miguel Floro
- Departamento de Tecnologias e Ciências Aplicadas, Escola Superior Agrária de Beja, 7801-295, Beja, Portugal
| | - Juan José Pérez Sagasti
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Patrícia Palma
- Departamento de Tecnologias e Ciências Aplicadas, Escola Superior Agrária de Beja, 7801-295, Beja, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIMA), FCT, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nieto E, Corada-Fernández C, Hampel M, Lara-Martín PA, Sánchez-Argüello P, Blasco J. Effects of exposure to pharmaceuticals (diclofenac and carbamazepine) spiked sediments in the midge, Chironomus riparius (Diptera, Chironomidae). Sci Total Environ 2017; 609:715-723. [PMID: 28763668 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Human and veterinary pharmaceuticals and degradation products are continuously introduced into the environment. To date, there is a lack of information about the effects of pharmaceuticals in spiked toxicity tests with non-target organisms. In this study, we have evaluated the effects of exposure to two common pharmaceuticals in the midge Chironomus riparius in spiked sediment experiments. The selected pharmaceuticals are the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID): diclofenac (DF) and the anti-depressant drug carbamazepine (CBZ). In order to assess the effects of the pharmaceuticals, a chronic toxicity test with the midge was carried out. The endpoints survival, growth and developmental stage by means of biomass, were measured after 10days, and emergence rates and sex-ratio (male/female) were measured after 21days of exposure. Significant mortality was observed in organisms at day 10 with a 40% of larvae surviving in the highest exposure concentration of CBZ. DF decreased the emergence ratio with respect to the controls in organisms exposed at concentrations of 34.0μg·g-1 whereas CBZ reduced the growth of the midges (30,6% with respect to the control) and induced a significant change in sex-ratio at concentrations of 31.4μg·g-1. The results obtained in the present study indicate possible adverse effects on aquatic invertebrates, which should be taken into account for environmental risk assessment of pharmaceutical compounds in sediments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Nieto
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Campus Universitario Rio San Pedro, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Carmen Corada-Fernández
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz (UCA), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Miriam Hampel
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI•MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pablo A Lara-Martín
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI•MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Argüello
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicologia, Departamento de Medio Ambiente, INIA, Ctra, A Coruña km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Blasco
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Campus Universitario Rio San Pedro, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Weichert FG, Floeter C, Meza Artmann AS, Kammann U. Assessing the ecotoxicity of potentially neurotoxic substances - Evaluation of a behavioural parameter in the embryogenesis of Danio rerio. Chemosphere 2017; 186:43-50. [PMID: 28772184 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The pollution of the aquatic environment is currently characterised by a large number of contaminants, especially by mixtures of micro-pollutants including neurotoxins. The ecotoxicological consequences of this burden are not yet assessable. Within the present study, a new test method was applied which evaluates behavioural changes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos to quantify the neurotoxic effect of selected chemicals. Changes in the frequency of spontaneous tail movements - a parameter of locomotion - occurring during embryogenesis was assessed as parameter for neurotoxic effects. Embryos were exposed in 24-microwell plates to neurotoxic compounds. Behaviour was examined after 24 h of exposure by videotaping and quantifying spontaneous locomotion. Additionally, acute toxicity was determined after 48 h of exposure by utilising the fish embryo toxicity test. Abamectin, emamectin benzoate, chlorpyrifos-oxon and carbamazepine were analysed using both: the new and classic acute test methods. The results showed the neurotoxic effect of the substances. Furthermore, an increased sensitivity compared to acute toxicity data was shown. The aim of the present study, to illustrate the sensitivity and specificity of the established endpoint to reliably assess adverse, neurotoxic effects of compounds on the model organism Danio rerio and to apply a new test method was achieved. Therefore, the present study is a substantial contribution to an effect-based risk assessment of contaminants in aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian G Weichert
- Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Department of Environmental Engineering, Ulmenliet 20, 21033 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Carolin Floeter
- Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Department of Environmental Engineering, Ulmenliet 20, 21033 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adriana S Meza Artmann
- Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Department of Environmental Engineering, Ulmenliet 20, 21033 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kammann
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Oropesa AL, Floro AM, Palma P. Toxic potential of the emerging contaminant nicotine to the aquatic ecosystem. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:16605-16616. [PMID: 28474259 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine is a "life-style compound" widely consumed by human populations and, consequently, often found in surface waters. This fact presents a concern for possible effects in the aquatic ecosystems. The objective of this study was to assess the potential lethal and sublethal toxicity of nicotine in aquatic organisms from different trophic levels (Vibrio fischeri, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Thamnocephalus platyurus, and Daphnia magna). The bioassays were performed by exposing the organisms to concentrations of nicotine in a range of 0.5-1000 μg/L. Results showed that nicotine, at tested concentration, was not acutely toxic to V. fischeri and T. platyurus. On the contrary, this substance exhibited toxicity to P. subcapitata and Daphnia magna. Thus, concentrations of nicotine of 100 and 200 μg/L promoted an inhibition in the growth of P. subcapitata. In addition, a concentration of 100 μg/L nicotine acted on the reproduction of the crustacean D. magna, by decreasing the number of juveniles produced by female. On the other hand, the results showed that concentrations equal to or greater than 10 μg/L induced the production of daphnids male offspring, which may indicate that nicotine is a weak juvenoid compound of the D. magna endocrine system. Furthermore, the result showed that concentrations tested of this chemical have the capacity to revert the effect of fenoxycarb, a strong juvenoid chemical insecticide. The results of the study revealed that nicotine can induce several changes in some of the most important key groups of the aquatic compartment, which can compromise, in a short time, the balance of aquatic ecosystem. Finally, a preliminary environmental risk assessment of this stimulant was performed from the highest measured concentration in surface water and the no observable effect concentration value in the most sensitive species, i.e., D. magna. This process revealed that nicotine can produce an important risk to aquatic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lourdes Oropesa
- Unidad de Toxicología, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain.
- INBIO G+C - Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Biotecnología Ganadera y Cinegética, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - António Miguel Floro
- Departamento de Tecnologias e Ciências Aplicadas, Escola Superior Agrária de Beja, 7801-295, Beja, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Palma
- Departamento de Tecnologias e Ciências Aplicadas, Escola Superior Agrária de Beja, 7801-295, Beja, Portugal
- CIMA-Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, CIMA, FCT, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|