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Kazemi Z, Kazemi Z, Jafari AJ, Farzadkia M, Hosseini J, Amini P, Shahsavani A, Kermani M. Estimating the health impacts of exposure to Air pollutants and the evaluation of changes in their concentration using a linear model in Iran. Toxicol Rep 2024; 12:56-64. [PMID: 38261924 PMCID: PMC10797144 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In big and industrial cities of developing countries, illness and mortality from long-term exposure to air pollutants have become a serious issue. This research was carried out in 2019-2020 to estimate the health impacts of PM10, NO2 and O3 pollutants by using AirQ+ and R statistical programming software in Arak, Isfahan, Tabriz, Shiraz, Karaj, and Mashhad. Mortality statistics, number of people in required age groups, and amount of pollutants were gathered respectively from different agencies like Statistics and Information Technology of the Ministry of Health, Statistical Center, and Department of Environment and by using Excel, the average 24-hour and 1-hour concentration and maximum 8-hour concentration for PM10, NO2 and O3 pollutants were gathered. We used linear mixed impacts model to account for the longitudinal observations and heterogeneity of the cities. The results of the study showed high number of deaths due to chronic bronchitis in adults, premature death of infants, and respiratory diseases in Mashhad. This research highlights the importance of estimation of health impacts from exposure to air pollutants on residents of the studied cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Kazemi
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohre Kazemi
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jonidi Jafari
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Farzadkia
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Hosseini
- Department of Biostatistics,School of Public Health,Hamadan University of Medical Sciences,Hamadan,Iran
| | - Payam Amini
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Shahsavani
- Air Quality and Climate Change Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Kermani
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Hussain S, Siddique A, Hassan M, Rasool K, Shahzad A, Asad Naqvi SA, Ul Mustafa MR. Characteristics and health implications of fine particulate matter near urban road site in Islamabad, Pakistan. Environmental Research 2024; 252:118862. [PMID: 38574984 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The escalating issue of air pollution has become a significant concern in urban regions, including Islamabad, Pakistan, due to the rise in air pollutant emissions driven by economic and industrial expansion. To gain a deeper understanding of air pollution, a study was conducted during winter 2022-2023, assessing physical, chemical, and biological factors in Islamabad. The findings revealed that the average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was notably greater than the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, reaching 133.39 μg/m³. Additionally, the average concentration of bacteria (308.64 CFU/m³) was notably greater than that of fungi (203.55 CFU/m³) throughout the study. Analytical analyses, including SEM-EDS and FTIR, showed that the PM2.5 in Islamabad is composed of various particles such as soot aggregates, coal fly ash, minerals, bio-particles, and some unidentified particles. EF analysis distinguished PM2.5 sources, enhancing understanding of pollutants origin, whereas Spearman's correlation analysis elucidated constituent interactions, further explaining air quality impact. The results from the Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) indicated a gradual increase in the total elemental composition of PM2.5 from autumn to winter, maintaining high levels throughout the winter season. Furthermore, a significant variation was found in the mass concentration of PM2.5 when comparing samples collected in the morning and evening. The study also identified the presence of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in PM2.5 samples, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phenolic compounds, with notable variations in their concentrations. Utilizing health risk assessment models developed by the US EPA, we estimated the potential health risks associated with PM2.5 exposure, highlighting the urgency of addressing air quality issues. These findings provide valuable insights into the sources and composition of PM2.5 in Islamabad, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of air quality and its potential environmental and health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabir Hussain
- Department of Space Sciences, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Siddique
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mujtaba Hassan
- Department of Space Sciences, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Kashif Rasool
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Asif Shahzad
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Syed Ali Asad Naqvi
- Department of Geography, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Raza Ul Mustafa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
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Zhou Y, Xu B, Wang L, Sun Q, Zhang C, Li S. Effects of inhaled fine particulate matter on the lung injury as well as gut microbiota in broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103426. [PMID: 38335666 PMCID: PMC10869302 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been widely regarded as an important environmental risk factor that has widely influenced health of both animals and humans. Lung injury is the main cause of PM2.5 affecting respiratory tract health. Gut microbiota participates in the development of lung injury in many pathological processes. However, there is still unknown the specific effects of PM2.5 on the gut-lung axis in broilers. Thus, we conducted a broiler model based on 3-wk-old male Arbor Acres broiler to explore the underlying mechanism. Our results showed that PM2.5 exposure triggered TLR4 signaling pathway and induced the increase of IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α expression as well as the decrease of IL-10 expression in the lung. Inhaled PM2.5 exposure significantly altered the gut microbiota diversity and community. Specifically, PM2.5 exposure decreased α diversity and altered β diversity of gut microbiota, and reduced the abundance of DTU089, Oscillospirales, Staphylococcus, and increased the Escherichia-Shigella abundance, leading to the increase of gut-derived lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Moreover, PM2.5 significantly disrupted the intestinal epithelial barrier by reducing the expression of muc2 and claudin-1 to increase intestinal permeability, which possibly facilitated the LPS translocation into the blood. Spearman analysis revealed that gut microbiota dysbiosis was positively related to TLR4, TNF-α, and IFN-γ expression in the lung. In summary, our results showed that PM2.5 exposure induced lung injury by causing inflammation and triggering TLR4 signaling pathway, and also induced gut microbiota dysbiosis resulting in the overproduction of gut-derived LPS. And gut microbiota dysbiosis may be associated with lung injury. The above results provide basis data to comprehend the potential role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the lung injury as well as providing a new regulatory target for alleviating lung injury associated with environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linyi Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Quanyou Sun
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaoshuai Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaoyu Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China.
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Kazemi Z, Jonidi Jafari A, Farzadkia M, Amini P, Kermani M. Evaluating the mortality and health rate caused by the PM 2.5 pollutant in the air of several important Iranian cities and evaluating the effect of variables with a linear time series model. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27862. [PMID: 38560684 PMCID: PMC10979144 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
All over the world, the level of special air pollutants that have the potential to cause diseases is increasing. Although the relationship between exposure to air pollutants and mortality has been proven, the health risk assessment and prediction of these pollutants have a therapeutic role in protecting public health, and need more research. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the ill-health caused by PM2.5 pollution using AirQ + software and to evaluate the different effects on PM2.5 with time series linear modeling by R software version 4.1.3 in the cities of Arak, Esfahan, Ahvaz, Tabriz, Shiraz, Karaj and Mashhad during 2019-2020. The pollutant hours, meteorology, population and mortality information were calculated by the Environmental Protection Organization, Meteorological Organization, Statistics Organization and Statistics and Information Technology Center of the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education for 24 h of PM2.5 pollution with Excel software. In addition, having 24 h of PM2.5 pollutants and meteorology is used to the effect of variables on PM2.5 concentration. The results showed that the highest and lowest number of deaths due to natural deaths, ischemic heart disease (IHD), lung cancer (LC), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) and stroke in The effect of disease with PM2.5 pollutant in Ahvaz and Arak cities was 7.39-12.32%, 14.6-17.29%, 16.48-8.39%, 10.43-18.91%, 12.21-22.79% and 14.6-18.54 % respectively. Another result of this research was the high mortality of the disease compared to the mortality of the nose. The analysis of the results showed that by reducing the pollutants in the cities of Karaj and Shiraz, there is a significant reduction in mortality and linear modeling provides a suitable method for air management planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Kazemi
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jonidi Jafari
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Farzadkia
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Amini
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Kermani
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Zhou J, Liu J, Zhou Y, Xu J, Song Q, Peng L, Ye X, Yang D. The impact of fine particulate matter on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease deaths in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, during a long period of air quality improvement. Environ Pollut 2024; 340:122813. [PMID: 37898429 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) deaths attributed to fine particulate matter (with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter <2.5 μm, PM2.5) exposure are a common global public health concern. Recent improvements in air quality and the corresponding health benefits have received much attention. Thus, we have explored the trends of PM2.5 pollution improvement on COPD deaths during an important period of air pollution control (2008-2017) in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China. Data, including daily COPD death counts, meteorological variables, and ambient air pollutants, were collected from 2008 to 2017. Generalized additive models were fitted to evaluate the percent change (%) in pollution-related COPD deaths. The results showed that the number of days with daily PM2.5 concentrations <35 μg/m3 increased from 19 days (5.19%) in 2008 to 166 days (45.48%) in 2017, and PM2.5 concentrations >75 μg/m3 decreased from 222 days (60.66%) in 2008 to 33 days (9.04%) in 2017. The associations in the overall period between 2008 and 2017 was significant. In subperiod analysis, each 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 was associated with a percent change (%) of 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37, 1.42) at lag 5 and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.26, 1.30) at lag 6 during 2008-2013. Significant results were also found at lag 0-5 [percent change (%), 1.12 (95% CI, 0.09, 2.17)], lag 0-6 [percent change (%), 1.52 (95% CI, 0.43, 2.62)] and lag 0-7 [percent change (%), 1.72 (95% CI, 0.57, 2.88)] during 2008-2013. By contrast, no significant association was found between 2014 and 2017. In conclusion, the decreased COPD deaths associated with PM2.5 exposure were found, especially after the air quality improvement turning point in 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhou
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Typhoon Institute, CMA, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiangtao Liu
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Shanghai Typhoon Institute, CMA, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanquan Song
- Guangyuan Mental Health Center, Guangyuan, 628000, China
| | - Li Peng
- Shanghai Typhoon Institute, CMA, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofang Ye
- Shanghai Typhoon Institute, CMA, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Shanghai Typhoon Institute, CMA, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai, China
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6
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Hermayurisca F, Taneepanichskul N. Estimation of premature death attributed to short- and long-term PM2.5 exposure in Thailand. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1176. [PMID: 37688645 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) has been identified as a global health concern in recent decades. Indeed, PM2.5 exposure causes detrimental health problems in the general population. Estimating the short- and long-term health impacts of PM2.5 exposure should help to shape public health policy concerning air pollution. Hence, this study sought to estimate the rate of premature death attributable to PM2.5 exposure among the Thai population if the PM2.5 concentration met the applied counterfactual factor. The PM2.5 concentration, population numbers, and numbers of health incidences were collected from secondary data sources in 2019. A health impact analysis was performed using AirQ+ software to estimate the incidences of premature deaths attributable to PM2.5 exposure. More specifically, the analysis provided the estimated proportion of attributable cases and the rate of premature death per 100,000 population aged ≥ 30 years. The annual average PM2.5 concentration in Thailand was found to be 24.15 µg per cubic meter (μg/m3) in 2019, while the natural mortality rate was around 1,107 per 100,000 population nationwide. With regard to short-term PM2.5 exposure, it was determined that 8 premature deaths per 100,000 population could be prevented if the PM2.5 concentration met the World Health Organization (WHO) short-term gold standard of 15 μg/m3. Moreover, 159 premature deaths per 100,000 population could be avoided if the PM2.5 concentration met the WHO's long-term gold standard of 5 μg/m3. This estimation of premature deaths due to the short- and long-term impacts of PM2.5 exposure can support policymakers and stakeholders in creating a roadmap to combating the adverse impacts of PM2.5 exposure and protect the health of the Thai population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friscilla Hermayurisca
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Institute Building 2-3 Phyathai Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nutta Taneepanichskul
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Institute Building 2-3 Phyathai Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- HAUS IAQ Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
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7
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Raheja G, Nimo J, Appoh EKE, Essien B, Sunu M, Nyante J, Amegah M, Quansah R, Arku RE, Penn SL, Giordano MR, Zheng Z, Jack D, Chillrud S, Amegah K, Subramanian R, Pinder R, Appah-Sampong E, Tetteh EN, Borketey MA, Hughes AF, Westervelt DM. Low-Cost Sensor Performance Intercomparison, Correction Factor Development, and 2+ Years of Ambient PM 2.5 Monitoring in Accra, Ghana. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:10708-10720. [PMID: 37437161 PMCID: PMC10373484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter air pollution is a leading cause of global mortality, particularly in Asia and Africa. Addressing the high and wide-ranging air pollution levels requires ambient monitoring, but many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remain scarcely monitored. To address these data gaps, recent studies have utilized low-cost sensors. These sensors have varied performance, and little literature exists about sensor intercomparison in Africa. By colocating 2 QuantAQ Modulair-PM, 2 PurpleAir PA-II SD, and 16 Clarity Node-S Generation II monitors with a reference-grade Teledyne monitor in Accra, Ghana, we present the first intercomparisons of different brands of low-cost sensors in Africa, demonstrating that each type of low-cost sensor PM2.5 is strongly correlated with reference PM2.5, but biased high for ambient mixture of sources found in Accra. When compared to a reference monitor, the QuantAQ Modulair-PM has the lowest mean absolute error at 3.04 μg/m3, followed by PurpleAir PA-II (4.54 μg/m3) and Clarity Node-S (13.68 μg/m3). We also compare the usage of 4 statistical or machine learning models (Multiple Linear Regression, Random Forest, Gaussian Mixture Regression, and XGBoost) to correct low-cost sensors data, and find that XGBoost performs the best in testing (R2: 0.97, 0.94, 0.96; mean absolute error: 0.56, 0.80, and 0.68 μg/m3 for PurpleAir PA-II, Clarity Node-S, and Modulair-PM, respectively), but tree-based models do not perform well when correcting data outside the range of the colocation training. Therefore, we used Gaussian Mixture Regression to correct data from the network of 17 Clarity Node-S monitors deployed around Accra, Ghana, from 2018 to 2021. We find that the network daily average PM2.5 concentration in Accra is 23.4 μg/m3, which is 1.6 times the World Health Organization Daily PM2.5 guideline of 15 μg/m3. While this level is lower than those seen in some larger African cities (such as Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo), mitigation strategies should be developed soon to prevent further impairment to air quality as Accra, and Ghana as a whole, rapidly grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Raheja
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia
University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Lamont-Doherty
Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, United States
| | - James Nimo
- Department
of Physics, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana, Ghana
- African
Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | | | - Maxwell Sunu
- Ghana
Environmental Protection Agency, Accra, Ghana
| | - John Nyante
- Ghana
Environmental Protection Agency, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Raphael E. Arku
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health
Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Stefani L. Penn
- Industrial
Economics, Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Michael R. Giordano
- Univ
Paris Est Creteil, CNRS UMS 3563, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussés,
Université de Paris, OSU-EFLUVE—Observatoire Sciences
de L’Univers-Envelopes Fluides de La Ville à L’Exobiologie, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Zhonghua Zheng
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The
University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Darby Jack
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman
School of Public
Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Steven Chillrud
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman
School of Public
Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | | | - R. Subramanian
- Univ
Paris Est Creteil, CNRS UMS 3563, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussés,
Université de Paris, OSU-EFLUVE—Observatoire Sciences
de L’Univers-Envelopes Fluides de La Ville à L’Exobiologie, F-94010 Créteil, France
- Kigali Collaborative
Research Centre, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Robert Pinder
- Environmental Protection Agency, Raleigh, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel M. Westervelt
- Lamont-Doherty
Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, United States
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Science, New York, New York 10025, United States
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8
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Kalankesh LR, Rezaei Z, Mohammadpour A, Taghavi M. COVID-19 pandemic and socio-environmental inequality: A narrative review. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1372. [PMID: 37388271 PMCID: PMC10300242 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The COVID-19 pandemic has provided preliminary evidence of the existence of health, social, and environmental inequalities. This inequality encompasses inadequate access to safe water, clean air, and wastewater management, as well as limited socioeconomic and educational opportunities. These issues have not received sufficient attention during the pandemic. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide a comprehensive summary and analysis of the existing literature on a specific topic, ultimately leading to a conclusion based on the evidence presented. Methods The search methodology for this study involved conducting comprehensive searches of scientific databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, LILACS, and Google Scholar, from 2019 to 2023. The study focused on a specific theme and its relevant aspects related to global environmental health and society. Keywords such as COVID-19, inequities, and environmental health were used for searching. Additionally, the Boolean operator "AND" was used to combine these descriptors. Results Unequal exposure to air pollution has been reported in Africa, as well as in large parts of Asia and Latin America, according to the data that has been obtained. The pandemic has also resulted in a surge in healthcare waste generation, exacerbating the environmental impact of solid waste. Furthermore, there is evidence indicating significant disparities in the severe lack of access to sanitation services between developing nations and low-income regions. The issues related to water availability, accessibility, and quality are subject to debate. It has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 is present not only in untreated/raw water, but also in water bodies that act as reservoirs. Moreover, insufficient education, poverty, and low household income have been identified as the most significant risk factors for COVID-19 infection and mortality. Conclusion It is evident that addressing socio-environmental inequality and striving to narrow the gap by prioritizing vulnerable populations are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh R. Kalankesh
- Social Determinants of Health Research CenterGonabad University of Medical SciencesGonabadIran
| | - Zahed Rezaei
- Social Determinants of Health Research CenterGonabad University of Medical SciencesGonabadIran
| | - Ali Mohammadpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research CenterGonabad University of Medical SciencesGonabadIran
| | - Mahmoud Taghavi
- Social Determinants of Health Research CenterGonabad University of Medical SciencesGonabadIran
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9
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Manojkumar N, Srimuruganandam B. Spatio-temporal health benefits attributable to PM 2.5 reduction in an Indian city. Int J Environ Health Res 2023; 33:552-562. [PMID: 35187985 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2040959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is linked with a wide spectrum of human health effects and has the highest contribution to total air pollution mortality. This study aims to quantify health benefits of reducing PM2.5 concentration to World Health Organization standard (annual mean = 10 µg m-3) for various health endpoints during 2011-2019 period using AirQ+ and BenMAP-CE software packages. Intraurban assessment in Vellore city, India was done by estimating health benefits at ward level. Both software packages estimated annual average all-cause, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease health benefits in the range of 919-945, 175-234, 70-152, and 99-175 cases at city level and 15-16, 3-4, 1-3, and 2-3 cases at ward level, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that relative risk had a large influence on health benefit estimates. Present study results will play a crucial role in the future air quality and public health policies of Vellore city.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Manojkumar
- School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - B Srimuruganandam
- School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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10
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Lu YK, Liu XL, Liu YH, Chen N, Gao HY, Jin YH, Yan YX. The effects of short-term exposure to air pollution on mortality in Baotou, China, during 2015-2019. Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45:3387-3404. [PMID: 36322227 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution was considered one of the main causes linked to increased morbidity and mortality around the world. This study aimed to estimate the effect of air pollutants on daily death in Baotou city of Inner Mongolia. Daily deaths data were provided by Baotou Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for the years 2015-2019 (Baotou CDC). The air pollutants, PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO and maximum 8-h average concentrations of O3, came from the eight environmental monitoring stations in Baotou city. Time-series plots were used to exploit the trend of air pollutants at calendar time. Generalized additive model was used to estimate the effect of air pollutants on daily death. Restricted cubic spline was employed to investigate non-line relationships between air pollutants and daily death. After adjusting the meteorological factors, non-accidental daily deaths were related to PM2.5 (ER = 0.074%) and PM10 (ER = 0.023%), respectively. In stratified analysis, population aged over 65 years and females were more sensitive to air pollutants exposure and warm season might make people more susceptible to air pollutants compared with cold season. PM2.5 and PM10 increase the risk of non-accidental and cardiovascular daily death, but not respiratory daily death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ke Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Liu
- Baotou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Baotou, 014000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yu-Hong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hao-Yu Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yan-Hui Jin
- Baotou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Baotou, 014000, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Yu-Xiang Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, China.
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11
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Taghizadeh F, Mokhtarani B, Rahmanian N. Air pollution in Iran: The current status and potential solutions. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:737. [PMID: 37233853 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has been integrated into global challenges over the last few years due to its negative impact on the health of human beings, increasing socio-economic risks, and its contribution to climate change. This study attempts to evaluate the current status of Iran's air pollution with regard to the sources of emissions, control policies, and the health and climate consequences that have resulted through available data from monitoring stations reported in the literature, official documents, and previously published papers. Many large cities in Iran surpass the permissible concentration of air pollutants, particularly particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, black carbon, and ozone. Although regulations and policies are in place and enormous efforts are being made to address air pollution issues in the country, implementation and enforcement are not as effective as they could be. The significant challenges may be regarded as the inefficiency of regulation and supervision systems, the lack of air quality monitoring systems and technology, particularly in industrial cities rather than Tehran, and the lack of continual feedback and investigations on the efficiency of regulation. Providing such an up-to-date report can bring opportunities for international collaboration, which is essential in addressing air pollution worldwide. We suggest that a way forward could be more focused on conducting systematic reviews using scientometric methods to show an accurate picture and trend in air pollution and its association in Iran, implementing an integrated approach for both climate change and air pollution issues, collaborating with international counterparts to share knowledge, tools, and techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Taghizadeh
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, P. O. Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Mokhtarani
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, P. O. Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nejat Rahmanian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK.
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12
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Li S, Liu B, Liu Y, Ding YQ, Zhang J, Feng L. Effects of maternal urban particulate matter SRM 1648a exposure on birth outcomes and offspring growth in mice. Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45:2387-2400. [PMID: 35972609 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) during pregnancy and abnormal birth outcomes is still inconclusive. This study aims to provide more evidence for this public health concern by investigating birth outcomes and the growth of offspring in mice exposed to PM during pregnancy. C57BL/6 J pregnant mice were exposed to PM via nasal drip at three doses or solvent control. The dam weight gain was recorded during pregnancy. The number of pups, pup weight, and placental weight were recorded at embryonic day 18.5 (E18.5) necropsy. For mice that gave birth naturally, we calculated the gestation length and measured the body weight of offspring once a week from the 1st to the 6th week after birth. The results showed that there were no significant differences in maternal body weight gain, conception rate, pregnancy duration, and litter size among different groups. There were no significant differences in fetal weight, placental weight, and fetal/placental weight ratio at E18.5. Weight gain in offspring was reduced after birth. The average body weight of offspring in the high-dose group was significantly lower than that in the control group at weeks 5 in female pups. There were no significant differences in the body weight of male offspring among groups from 1st to the 6th. Together, our study indicated that maternal exposure to PM did not significantly impact birth outcomes of C57BL/6 J mice but affected growth trajectories in offspring after birth in a dose- and fetal sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuman Li
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ding
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liping Feng
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Division of Reproductive Science, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 103208, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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13
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Masroor K, Shamsipour M, Mehrdad R, Fanaei F, Aghaei M, Yunesian M. Exposure to ambient gaseous air pollutants and adult lung function: a systematic review. Rev Environ Health 2023; 38:137-150. [PMID: 34957731 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to hazardous air pollutants is identified as most obvious premature mortality factors in the world. Numerous epidemiological studies have estimated exposure to air pollutants may cause pulmonary toxicity and the incidence of respiratory diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic bronchitis and asthma. The currently research was performed to evaluation the association between gaseous pollutants and lung function in healthy adults. Articles related to this study were selected from researches of Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. A total of 2,644 articles were retrieved and 39 records were reviewed after removing duplicates and excluding irrelevant studies. The result of this systematic review indicated that there is some evidence on decreasing lung function with exposure to gaseous air pollutants (NO2, SO2, and O3) which can have negative effects on human health. Although according to the evidence changes in lung function are mostly linked to the exposure to environmental pollutants including CO, O3, NO2 and SO2, the results should be interpreted with caution considering some following issues discussed in this review. Therefore, further studies are required considering well-designed studies in large scales to strengthen the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazhal Masroor
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Shamsipour
- Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Mehrdad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Research on Occupational Disease, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Fanaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Aghaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masud Yunesian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Tang EJ, Zhou YM, Yang LL, Wang N, Jiang YX, Xiao H, Hu YG, Li DW, Li N, Huang QS, Du N, Li YF, Ji AL, Zhou LX, Cai TJ. The association between short-term ambient sulfur dioxide exposure and hospitalization costs of ischemic stroke: a hospital-based study in Chongqing, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:17459-17471. [PMID: 36194329 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of the short-term effects of ambient sulfur dioxide (SO2) exposure on the economic burden of ischemic stroke is limited. This study aimed to explore the association between short-term ambient SO2 exposure and hospitalization costs for ischemic stroke in Chongqing, the most populous city in China. The hospital-based study included 7271 ischemic stroke inpatients. Multiple linear regression models were used to estimate the association between SO2 concentration and hospitalization costs. Propensity score matching was used to compare the patients' characteristics when exposed to SO2 concentrations above and below 20 μg/m3. It is found that short-term SO2 exposure was positively correlated with the hospitalization costs of ischemic stroke. The association was more evident in males, people younger than 65, and people hospitalized in the cool seasons. Besides, among the components of hospitalization costs, medicine costs were most significantly associated with SO2. More interesting, the lower concentration of SO2, the higher costs associated with 1 μg/m3 SO2 change. Above all, SO2 was positively associated with hospitalization costs of ischemic stroke, even at its low levels. The measures to reduce the level of SO2 can help reduce the burden of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Jie Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yu-Meng Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Li-Li Yang
- Department of Information, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Medical Department, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yue-Xu Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yue-Gu Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qing-Song Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ning Du
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ya-Fei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ai-Ling Ji
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Lai-Xin Zhou
- Medical Department, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Tong-Jian Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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15
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Park JE, Lee JY, Chae J, Min CH, Shin HS, Lee SY, Lee JY, Park JH, Jeon J. In vivo tracking of toxic diesel particulate matter in mice using radiolabeling and nuclear imaging. Chemosphere 2023; 313:137395. [PMID: 36574577 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to diesel particulate matter (DPM) is associated with several adverse health effects, including severe respiratory diseases. Quantitative analysis of DPM in vivo can provide important information on the behavior of harmful chemicals, as well as their toxicological impacts in living subjects. This study presents whole-body images and tissue distributions of DPM in animal models, using molecular imaging and radiolabeling techniques. The self-assembly of the 89Zr-labeled pyrene analog with a suspension of DPM efficiently produced 89Zr-incorporated DPM (89Zr-DPM). Positron emission tomography images were obtained for mice exposed to 89Zr-DPM via three administration routes: intratracheal, oral, and intravenous injection. DPM was largely distributed in the lungs and only slowly cleared after 7 days in mice exposed via the intratracheal route. In addition, a portion of 89Zr-DPM was translocated to other organs, such as the heart, spleen, and liver. Uptake values in these organs were also noticeable following exposure via the intravenous route. In contrast, most of the orally administered DPM was excreted quickly within a day. These results suggest that continuous inhalation exposure to DPM causes serious lung damage and may cause toxic effects in the extrapulmonary organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Park
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Chae
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Min
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea; Food Biotechnology Program, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea; Food Biotechnology Program, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongho Jeon
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Han B, Liu Q, Su X, Zhou L, Zhang B, Kang H, Ning J, Li C, Zhao B, Niu Y, Chen W, Chen L, Zhang R. The role of PP2A /NLRP3 signaling pathway in ambient particulate matter 2.5 induced lung injury. Chemosphere 2022; 307:135794. [PMID: 35926746 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) exposure has been linked to pulmonary fibrosis. However, the key signaling pathways remained unclear. In the present study, we applied a mouse model with myeloid-specific deletion of Ppp2r1a gene (encoding protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A) A subunit) to identify the key signaling pathways involved in PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis. PP2A Aα-/- homozygote mice and matched wild-type (WT) littermates were exposed to filtered air (FA), unfiltered air (UA), and concentrated PM2.5 (CA) in a real-ambient PM exposure system for 8 weeks and 16 weeks, respectively. The mice exposed to PM2.5 displayed a progressive inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, the expressions of NLRP3, pro-caspase-1, caspase-1, ASC and IL-1β were increased in mice lung following PM2.5 exposure, indicating PM2.5 exposure caused pulmonary inflammation by the NLRP3 pathways activation. Furthermore, the effects of PM exposure on pulmonary inflammation, pulmonary fibrosis, oxidative stress, and pulmonary function damage were significantly enhanced in PP2A-/- mice compared to WT mice, indicating the role of PP2A in the regulation of pulmonary injury induced by PM exposure. In vitro study confirmed that PP2A was involved in the PM2.5-induced inflammation response and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Importantly, we identified PP2A regulated the activation of NLRP3 pathways by direct dephosphorylating IRE1α in response to PM2.5 exposure. Taken together, our results demonstrated that PP2A-IRE1α-NLRP3 signaling pathway played a crucial role in regulating the inflammation response, triggering the lung fibrogenesis upon PM2.5 exposure. Our findings provide new insights into regulatory role of PP2A in human diseases upon the PM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
| | - Qingping Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
| | - Xuan Su
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
| | - Lixiao Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
| | - Boyuan Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
| | - Hui Kang
- Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
| | - Jie Ning
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
| | - Yujie Niu
- Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
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17
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Liu Y, He X, Liu J, Zhang L, Xiong A, Wang J, Liu S, Jiang M, Luo L, Xiong Y, Li G. Transcriptome analysis identifies IL24 as an autophagy modulator in PM2.5 caused lung dysfunction. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 244:114039. [PMID: 36049333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that exposure to PM2.5 increased hospitalization and mortality rates of respiratory diseases. However, the potential biomarkers and targets associated with PM2.5-induced lung dysfunction are not fully discovered. METHODS Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and HALLMARK enrichment analysis of the RNA-seq data (Beas-2B cells treated with PM2.5) were applied. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify the biological processes correlated with autophagy. Three gene expression profile datasets (GSE158954, GSE155616 and GSE182199) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify the potential targets. PM2.5-exposed mice were constructed. Real-time qPCR, siRNA transfection, western blot, immunofluorescence, and pathological staining were applied for validation both in vitro and in vivo studies. RESULTS GO, KEGG and HALLMARK enrichment based on RNA-seq data showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with autophagy like lysosome and macroautophagy. GSEA analysis revealed that PM2.5 was positively correlated with autophagy-related biological processes compared with control group. Venn diagrams identified IL24 was upregulated in our data as well as in these three datasets (GSE158954, GSE155616 and GSE182199) after PM2.5 exposure. Consistent with the analysis, activation of autophagy by PM2.5 was validated in vivo and in vitro. In PM2.5-exposed mice, lung pathological changes were observed, including airway inflammation and mucus secretion. The mRNA and protein levels of the key gene, IL24, were significantly increased. Moreover, Bafilomycin A1, the inhibitor of autophagy, inhibited the autophagy and ameliorated lung injury induced by PM2.5. Furthermore, downregulation of IL24 decreased autophagy activity. Meanwhile, IL24 was regulated by mTOR signaling. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we discovered a potential relationship between IL24 and autophagy during PM2.5 exposure. IL24 might be a novel potential biomarker or therapeutic target in PM2.5 caused lung dysfunction through regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People's Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Xiang He
- School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Jiliu Liu
- School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People's Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People's Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Anying Xiong
- School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People's Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People's Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Shengbin Liu
- School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People's Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Manling Jiang
- School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People's Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Li Luo
- School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People's Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Friendship Hospital, Chengdu 610000, China.
| | - Guoping Li
- School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People's Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China.
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18
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Khanjani N, Farahmandfard MA, Eslahi M. A Review of Studies Using Air Q Software for Prediction of Air Pollution Health Effects in Iran. Curr Environ Health Rep 2022. [PMID: 35729411 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-022-00362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Exposure to air pollutants may lead to various health effects and is a major public health issue. Concerns about these effects exist in both developed and developing countries. The Air Q software was developed to estimate the health impacts of air pollution based on reported levels of air pollutants in real world studies. In Iran several studies have been conducted to estimate human morbidity and mortality based on this software. We conducted this review to summarize articles which have predicted the effects of air pollution on human health in Iran using Air Q. We conducted a systematic search for relevant studies published until 24 April 2021 in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and SID (Scientific Information Database which includes articles in Farsi language). We applied no time or language restrictions. RECENT FINDINGS A total of 44 studies out of 525 identified articles met our inclusion criteria. The main air pollutants under investigation were particulate matter (PM), NO2, O3, and SO2. Most studies were conducted in metropolitan areas, such as Ahvaz (9 studies), Tehran (9 studies), and Shiraz (7 studies). In all studies, the levels of most air pollutants were higher than the 2005 WHO guideline levels and were predicted to be related to considerable health effects. However, it was not possible to aggregate the results and report the total number of casualties during these years, because studies were done in different cities with fluctuating levels of multiple pollutants and in different years and time frames. This systematic review showed that air pollution remains at unacceptably high levels resulting in substantial detrimental health effects in various Iranian cities. Using clean renewable energies, increasing human capital, and increasing green spaces and vegetation can help improve air pollution and decrease human casualties in Iran.
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Moazeni M, Maracy MR, Dehdashti B, Ebrahimi A. Spatiotemporal analysis of COVID-19, air pollution, climate, and meteorological conditions in a metropolitan region of Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:24911-24924. [PMID: 34826084 PMCID: PMC8619654 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17535-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has a close relationship with local environmental conditions. This study explores the effects of climate characteristics and air pollution on COVID-19 in Isfahan province, Iran. A number of COVID-19 positive cases, main air pollutants, air quality index (AQI), and climatic variables were received from March 1, 2020, to January 19, 2021. Moreover, CO, NO2, and O3 tropospheric levels were collected using Sentinel-5P satellite data. The spatial distribution of variables was estimated by the ordinary Kriging and inverse weighted distance (IDW) models. A generalized linear model (GLM) was used to analyze the relationship between environmental variables and COVID-19. The seasonal trend of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), wind speed, solar energy, and rainfall like COVID-19 was upward in spring and summer. The high and low temperatures increased from April to August. All variables had a spatial autocorrelation and clustered pattern except AQI. Furthermore, COVID-19 showed a significant association with month, climate, solar energy, and NO2. Suitable policy implications are recommended to be performed for improving people's healthcare and control of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study could survey the local spread of COVID-19, with consideration of the effect of environmental variables, and provides helpful information to health ministry decisions for mitigating harmful effects of environmental change. By means of the proposed approach, probably the COVID-19 spread can be recognized by knowing the regional climate in major cities. The present study also finds that COVID-19 may have an effect on climatic condition and air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Moazeni
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Maracy
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahare Dehdashti
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Afshin Ebrahimi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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20
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Kermani M, Jonidi Jafari A, Gholami M, Shahsavani A, Goodarzi B, Fanaei F. Extraction and determination of organic/inorganic pollutants in the ambient air of two cities located in metropolis of Tehran. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:204. [PMID: 35182220 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09705-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, PM2.5, volatile organic compounds (VOC), heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-bonded PM2.5 as well as asbestos fibers were investigated in two cities in the east of Tehran, Iran. To this end, 72 samples were collected from six stations located in the cities of Varamin and Pakdasht from March 2018 to March 2019. The concentration of BTEX compounds, PAHs, and heavy metals were measured using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-Mas), and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), respectively. In addition, phase contrast microscopy (PCM) method was used to identify the properties of asbestos fibers. The results obtained from the present showed that the mean concentrations of PM2.5, heavy metals, PAHs, BTEX, and asbestos fibers were 52.05 µg/m3, 319.08 ng/m3, 3.97 ng/m3, 40.58 µg/m3, and 2.84 f/L, respectively. In addition, the results obtained from PCA and heavy metals sources showed that transport fleets were the natural source of most of these pollutants. In case of PAH sources, transport and incineration of coal had the highest contribution in the emission. Furthermore, the risk assessment showed that most of the compounds have a higher risk value than the guideline value spatial distribution and also showed that stations close to airports, city terminals, and highways were more polluted than other parts of the city. Therefore, in order to have healthy air and with the least pollution, it seems necessary to formulate the necessary strategies in the cities of Varamin and Pakdasht.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Kermani
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jonidi Jafari
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Gholami
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Shahsavani
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Goodarzi
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Farzad Fanaei
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Mansouri B, Ramezani Z, Yousefinejad V, Nakhaee S, Azadi N, Khaledi P, Nikkhoo B, Hassanzadeh K, Rahimi A. Association between trace elements in cancerous and non-cancerous tissues with the risk of breast cancers in western Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:11675-11684. [PMID: 34545524 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the tissue content of essential and toxic metals including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) in the breast cancerous tissues compared to the non-cancerous tissue. The biopsy specimens of 63 breast cancers along with 63 adjacent healthy tissues in Kurdistan Province, Iran, were collected from 2019 to 2020 and assayed using ICP-MS (Agilent 7900). The results of the Mann-Whitney test illustrated that the concentration of Pb, Cd, As, Cr, Cu, and Se were significantly elevated in cancerous tissue (p < 0.05), while Zn was the only trace element with higher levels in healthy subjects (p < 0.05). Moreover, weak to moderate correlations between elements were observed in the cancerous group including Al-Cr (r=0.60), As-Cu (r=0.52), and Cu-Se (r=0.56). In contrast, no correlation over 0.50 was found between trace elements in the non-cancerous group. Raw risk differences (RDs) accounted for a significant effect for Pb, Cd, As, Ag, Cr, Se, and Zn on the development of breast cancer. In conclusion, elevated levels of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Se may contribute to enhancing the risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borhan Mansouri
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Centre, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Zana Ramezani
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Vahid Yousefinejad
- Liver and Digestive Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Samaneh Nakhaee
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Namamali Azadi
- Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Khaledi
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Bahram Nikkhoo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Kambiz Hassanzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Azin Rahimi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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22
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Rahmatinia T, Kermani M, Farzadkia M, Jonidi Jafari A, Delbandi AA, Rashidi N, Fanaei F. The effect of PM 2.5-related hazards on biomarkers of bronchial epithelial cells (A549) inflammation in Karaj and Fardis cities. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:2172-2182. [PMID: 34363174 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fine particles (especially PM2.5 particles) in ambient air can cause irreversible effects on human health. In the present study, seasonal variations in toxicity PM2.5 (cell viability and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines) were exposed human lung cells (A549) to concentrations of PM2.5 samples in summer (sPM2.5) and winter (wPM2.5) seasons. Cells were separately exposed to three concentrations of PM2.5 (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) and three times (12 h, 1 and 2 days). We evaluated cell viability by MTT assay [3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] and liberation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and interleukin-8) by the ELISA method. The toxicological results of this study showed that increasing the concentration of PM2.5 particulates and contact time with it reduces cell viability and increases inflammatory responses. Seasonal cytotoxicity of PM2.5 particles in high-traffic areas at summer season compared to winter season was lower. The lowest percent of viability at 2 days of exposure and 100 μg/mL exposure in the winter sample was observed. Also, PM2.5 particles were influential in the amount of interleukins 8 and 6. The average release level of IL-6 and IL-8 in the cold season (winter) and the enormous exposure time and concentrations (2 days-100 μg/mL) was much higher than in the hot season (summer). These values were twice as high for winter PM2.5 samples as for summer samples. The compounds in PM2.5 at different seasons can cause some biological effects. The samples' chemical characteristics in two seasons displayed that the PMs were diverse in chemical properties. In general, heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were more in the winter samples. However, the samples of wPM2.5 had a lower mass quota of metals such as aluminum, iron, copper, zinc, and magnesium. Concentrations of chromium, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, nickel, and lead were more significant in the sample of wPM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Rahmatinia
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Kermani
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Farzadkia
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jonidi Jafari
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali-Akbar Delbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nesa Rashidi
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Fanaei
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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23
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Kasdagli MI, Katsouyanni K, de Hoogh K, Lagiou P, Samoli E. Investigating the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and greenness with mortality from neurological, cardio-metabolic and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases in Greece. Environ Pollut 2022; 292:118372. [PMID: 34656679 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to air pollution has been associated with increased natural-cause mortality, but the evidence on diagnoses-specific mortality outcomes is limited. Few studies have examined the potential synergistic effects of exposure to pollutants and greenness. We investigated the association between exposure to air pollution and greenness with nervous system related mortality, cardiometabolic and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) mortality in Greece, using an ecological study design. We collected socioeconomic and mortality data for 1035 municipal units from the 2011 Census. Annual PM2.5, NO2, BC and O3 concentrations for 2010 were predicted at 100 × 100 m grids by hybrid land use regression models. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used for greenness. We applied single and two-exposure Poisson regression models on standardized mortality rates accounting for spatial autocorrelation. We assessed interactions between pollutants and greenness. An interquartile range increase in PM2.5, NO2 and BC was associated with increased risk in mortality from diseases of the nervous system (relative risk (RR): 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.28); 1.03 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.07); 1.05 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.10) respectively) and from cerebrovascular disease (RR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.18); 1.02 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.04); 1.02 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.04) respectively). PM2.5 was associated with ischemic heart disease mortality (RR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.10). We estimated inverse associations for all outcomes with O3 and for mortality from diseases of the nervous system or COPD with greenness. Estimates were mostly robust to co-exposure adjustment. Interactions were identified between NDVI and O3 or PM2.5 on mortality from the diseases of the nervous system, with higher effect estimates in greener areas. Our findings support the adverse effects of air pollution and the beneficial role of greenness on cardiovascular and nervous system related mortality. Further research is needed on diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Iosifina Kasdagli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College, United Kingdom
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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24
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Guo L, Wang H, Zhou J, Tang W, Wang R, Xiao Z, Wu L, Wang J, Li L, Lei Y, Sun X, Tang Z. Magnetic resonance imaging investigations reveal that PM 2.5 exposure triggers visual dysfunction in mice. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 227:112866. [PMID: 34634599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate how PM2.5 exposure affects the microstructure, metabolites or functions of the visual system. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to groups exposed to the filtered air (the control group) or the concentrated ambient PM2.5 (the PM2.5 group). Visual evoked potentials (VEP), electroretinograms (ERG), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) were performed. Parameters were obtained and compared between the two groups, including latencies and amplitudes of the P1 wave, N1 wave and P2 wave from VEP, latencies and amplitudes of the a wave and b wave from ERG, fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusion (MD), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) from DTI, visual cortex (VC) metabolites from 1H-MRS, and regional homogeneity (ReHo) from rsfMRI. RESULTS Compared with the values of the control group, the PM2.5 group showed a prolonged N1 latency (43.11 ± 7.94 ms vs. 38.75 ± 4.60 ms) and lowered P1 amplitude (5.62 ± 4.38 μV vs. 8.56 ± 5.92 μV) on VEP (all p < 0.05). On ERG, the amplitude of the a wave was lowered (- 91.39 ± 56.29 μV vs. - 138.68 ± 89.05 μV), the amplitude of the b wave was lowered (194.38 ± 126.27 μV vs. 284.72 ± 170.99 μV), and the latency of the b wave was prolonged (37.78 ± 10.72 ms vs. 33.01 ± 4.34 ms) than the values of the control group (all p < 0.05). DTI indicated FA increase in the bilateral piriform cortex (Pir), FA decrease in the bilateral somatosensory cortex (S) and the bilateral striatum (Stri), AD decrease in the bilateral VC, the right S and the bilateral Pir, MD decrease in the bilateral Pir, and RD decrease in the bilateral Pir in the PM2.5 mice (all p < 0.05, Alphasim corrected). 1H-MRS showed Glutamate (Glu) increase and Phosphocholine (PCh) increase in the VC of the PM2.5 group than those of the control group (PCh 1.63 ± 0.25 vs. 1.50 ± 0.25; PCh/total creatine(tCr) 0.19 ± 0.03 vs. 0.18 ± 0.03; Glu 10.46 ± 1.50 vs. 9.60 ± 1.19; Glu/tcr 1.23 ± 0.11 vs. 1.12 ± 0.11) (all p < 0.05). rsfMRI showed higher ReHo in the PM2.5 mice in the left superior colliculus, the left motor cortex, the hippocampus, the periaqueductal gray and the right mesencephalic reticular formation (all p < 0.01, AlphaSim corrected). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that PM2.5 exposure triggered visual dysfunction, and altered microstructure, metabolite and function in the retina and visual brain areas along the visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linying Guo
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - He Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Typhoon Institute, CMA, Shanghai 200030, China; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Weijun Tang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zebin Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 22, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Lingjie Wu
- Department of Ear, Nose & Throat, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Liping Li
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuan Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zuohua Tang
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Soleimani M, Akbari N, Saffari B, Haghshenas H. Estimation of economic costs of air pollution caused by motor vehicles in Iran (Isfahan). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:66535-66555. [PMID: 34235697 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Since mobile sources are one of the most important sources of air pollution, this paper tries to estimate the health effects and economic burden due to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations from motor vehicles. In this regard, we calculate the economic costs of air pollution emitted by vehicles in Isfahan over the period from March 2018 to March 2020. The concentration of urban traffic pollution based on the generalized additive model (GAM) as well as spatial distribution of pollution is estimated. Health effects are evaluated using AirQ+ updated by the WHO European Centre for Environment and Health. Economic burden of mortality attributable air pollution from traffic is calculated using value of a statistical life (VOSL), and the value of life years (VOLY) approach. The results indicated that the number of deaths attributable to PM2.5 from motor vehicles in these two consecutive years was 136 (95%CI: 89-179), and 147 cases (95%CI: 96-194), respectively. The number of years of life lost due to premature death from air pollution was 2079 years annually. The economic costs imposed under VOSL approach were on average USD 51.7 (95%CI: 43-75) million per year, and according to VOLY approach USD 11.5 (95%CI: 9-13) million per year. These results help to analyze the cost-benefit and prioritize control measures to reduce air pollution. In addition, combination of these results with other externality cost of road traffic can take account for urban transportation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Babak Saffari
- Department of Economics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hosein Haghshenas
- Department of Transportation Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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26
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Rahmatinia T, Kermani M, Farzadkia M, Nicknam MH, Soleimanifar N, Mohebbi B, Jafari AJ, Shahsavani A, Fanaei F. Potential cytotoxicity of PM2.5-bound PAHs and toxic metals collected from areas with different traffic densities on human lung epithelial cells (A549). J Environ Health Sci Eng 2021; 19:1701-1712. [PMID: 34900299 PMCID: PMC8617124 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00724-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory and epidemiological researches have indicated that ambient air particulate matter have a plays critical role in causing diseases. The current research evaluated the chemical attributes of PM2.5 in the ambient air of the cities of Karaj and Fardis and determined its toxicological effects on human lung epithelial cells (A549). In the study city, 16 points were selected from the two high-traffic and low-traffic points for sampling. A sampling of ambient air was carried out in spring, summer, autumn, and winter 2018-19. Air sampling was performed for 24 h according to the EPA-TO/13A guidelines. To analyze of toxic metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), ICP-OES and GC-MS were used, respectively, and for cell toxicity analysis, an ELISA reader was used. Then from SPSS, Excel and R software were used for statistical analysis. The results of the current study indicated that the concentration of PAHs carcinogenic in the autumn season in high-traffic stations was the highest and equal to 9.3 ng/m3, and in the spring season in the low-traffic stations, it was the lowest and equal to 5.82 ng/m3. In general, during the period of study, Heavy metals including Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu, and Al had the highest concentration compared to other metals. However, Hg, Cr, As, Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn were higher concentration in the winter and autumn seasons than in the spring and summer seasons. Cell viability measurements by using MTT showed that low-traffic and high-traffic stations had the highest toxicity in autumn season compared to other seasons. (p < 0.05). In general, high-traffic stations had the highest toxicity than low-traffic stations. The general conclusion of the present study was that PM2.5-bound PAHs and toxic metals, due to their high concentration, were toxic pollutants in air for residents of Karaj and Fardis. Also, the high concentration of PM2.5 caused the mitochondrial activity of A549 cells to stop and this stop was more significant in cold seasons and high-traffic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Rahmatinia
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Kermani
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Farzadkia
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Narjes Soleimanifar
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Mohebbi
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jonidi Jafari
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Shahsavani
- Air Quality and Climate Change Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Fanaei
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Aghababaeian H, Ostadtaghizadeh A, Ardalan A, Asgary A, Akbary M, Yekaninejad MS, Sharafkhani R, Stephens C. Effect of Dust Storms on Non-Accidental, Cardiovascular, and Respiratory Mortality: A Case of Dezful City in Iran. Environ Health Insights 2021; 15:11786302211060152. [PMID: 34819734 PMCID: PMC8606970 DOI: 10.1177/11786302211060152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the fact that Iran has been exposed to severe dust storms during the past 2 decades, few studies have investigated the health effects of these events in Iran. This study was conducted to assess the association between dust storms and daily non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality in Dezful City (Khuzestan Province, Iran) during 2014 to 2019. METHODS In this study, mortality, meteorological, and climatological data were obtained from the Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Iranian Meteorological Organization, and Department of Environment in Khuzestan Province, respectively. Days of dust storm were identified based on the daily concentration threshold of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 μm (PM10) according to Hoffmanns҆ definition, and then an ecological time-series was used to estimate the short-term effects of dust storms on daily mortality. Statistical analysis was performed using a distributed lag linear model (DLM) and a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) packages by R software and the study results were reported as excess mortality. RESULTS During the study period, 15 223 deaths were recorded, and 139 dust storms occurred in Dezful city. In addition, there was statistically significant excess risk of mortality due to dust storms in Dezful City (mortality in the group under 15 years of age, lag4: 34.17% and 15-64 years of age groups, lag5: 32.19%, lag6: 3.28%), also dust storms had statistically significant effects on respiratory mortality (lag6: 5.49%). CONCLUSION The findings of the current study indicate that dust storms increase the risk of mortality with some lags. An evidence-based early warning system may be able to aware the people of the health effects of dust storms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Aghababaeian
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nursing and Emergency, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Abbas Ostadtaghizadeh
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ardalan
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asgary
- Disaster and Emergency Management, School of Administrative Studies, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mehry Akbary
- Department of Climatology, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahim Sharafkhani
- School of Public Health, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
| | - Carolyn Stephens
- UCL Institute of Health Equity, London, UK
- UK Faculty of Public Health Medicine, London, UK
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Leili M, Nadali A, Karami M, Bahrami A, Afkhami A. Short-term effect of multi-pollutant air quality indexes and PM 2.5 on cardiovascular hospitalization in Hamadan, Iran: a time-series analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:53653-53667. [PMID: 34036506 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutants are the most important environmental factors that contributed to cardiovascular disease (CVD). The present study aimed to investigate the number of hospitalization due to heart failure (HF) and myocardial infarction (MI) following the air pollutant exposure using a time-series regression analysis with a distributed lag model in Hamadan, Iran (2015-2019). A total of 2091 cases of CVD were registered. Based on the findings, the highest health effects on HF hospitalization were observed with air quality health index (AQHI) at lag 9 (RR = 1.043, 95% CI 0.991-1.098), and air quality index (AQI) at lags 2, 7, and 9 (RR = 1.001, 95% CI 0.998-1.002), for an increase in 1 unit of the indexes, and with PM2.5 at lag 0 (RR = 1.001, 95% CI 0.996-1.004) for 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 levels. The highest health effects on MI hospitalization were calculated with AQHI at lag 10 (RR = 1.059, 95% CI 1.001-1.121) and AQI at lags 1 and 2 (RR = 1.001, 95% CI 0.998-1.002), for an increase in 1 unit of the indexes, and with PM2.5 at lag 8 (RR = 1.002, 95% CI 0.997-1.005) for 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 levels. According to a seasonal classification, results showed that hospitalization in the warm season was higher than that of the cold season. Based on our knowledge, the current study is the first study that investigated the effect of air quality indexes on hospitalization due to HF and MI in Iran. Findings can provide basic information to plan preventive measures for reducing exposure chance and hospitalization rate in high-risk people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Leili
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Azam Nadali
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Manoochehr Karami
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abdolrahman Bahrami
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abbas Afkhami
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Fahmideh Av, Hamadan, 65174, Iran
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29
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Khaniabadi YO, Sicard P. A 10-year assessment of ambient fine particles and related health endpoints in a large Mediterranean city. Chemosphere 2021; 278:130502. [PMID: 34126698 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fine particles i.e., with an aerodynamic diameter lower than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) have potentially the most significant effects on human health compared to other air pollutants. The main objectives of this study were to i) investigate the temporal variations of ambient PM2.5 in Marseille (Southern France), where air pollution is again a major public health issue, and ii) estimate their short-term health effects and annual trend (Mann-Kendall test) over a 10-year period from 2010 to 2019. In Marseille, the main sources of PM2.5 could be related to road traffic, industrial complexes, and oil refineries surrounded the city. The number of premature deaths and hospital admissions attributable to ambient PM2.5 exposure for non-accidental causes, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were estimated by using in-situ air quality data, city-specific relative risk values and baseline incidence. Despite significant reduction of PM2.5 (- 0.80 μg m-3 year-1), Marseille citizens were exposed to PM2.5 levels exceeding the World Health Organization (WHO) Air Quality Guideline for human health protection (10 μg m-3) during entire study period. Exposure to ambient PM2.5 substantially contributed to mortality and hospital admissions: 871 deaths for non-accidental causes, 515 deaths for cardiovascular diseases, 47 deaths for respiratory diseases, as well as 1034 hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases and 834 for respiratory diseases were reported between 2010 and 2019. Compliance with WHO annual limit values can result in substantial socio-economic benefits by preventing premature deaths and hospital admissions. For instance, based on the value of a statistical life and average cost of a hospital admission, the associated benefit for healthcare would have been €131 million in 2019. Between 2010 and 2019, the number of PM2.5-related non-accidental deaths decreased by 1.15 per 105 inhabitants annually. Compared to 2010-2019, the restrictive measures associated to COVID-19 pandemic led to a reduction in PM2.5 of 11% in Marseille, with 2.6 PM2.5-related deaths averted in 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusef Omidi Khaniabadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Industrial Medial and Health, Petroleum Industry Health Organization (PIHO), Ahvaz, Iran
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Kermani M, Jonidi Jafari A, Gholami M, Arfaeinia H, Shahsavani A, Fanaei F. Characterization, possible sources and health risk assessment of PM2.5-bound Heavy Metals in the most industrial city of Iran. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2021; 19:151-163. [PMID: 34150226 PMCID: PMC8172762 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution associated with particulate matters results in different types of disease including allergy, lung destruction, heart failure, and related problems. This study has been designed and performed to examine the concentration of PM2.5-bound heavy metals, risk assessment, possible sources and effect of meteorological parameters on 17 sites of the air of the most industrial city of Iran (Karaj) in 2018-19. For this purpose, four samples were taken from every point of Karaj air over one year using a pump (Leland Legacy (SKC)) with flow rate of 3 L/min on PTFE filter for 24 h. Overall, 68 samples of PM2.5-bound heavy metals were collected. Note that during the sampling, atmospheric parameters including temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed were regularly recorded using PHB318 portable device. In examining the chemical composition of these particles, the concentration of metals (Al-Zn- Ar-Cd-Cr-Cu-Fe-Hg-Mn-Ni-Pb) was determined after digestion of the collected samples and through injection into ICP-OEC device. The results indicated that the mean annual concentration of PM2.5 particles range from 21.84 to 72.75 µg/m3. The mean concentration of heavy metals lied within the range of 25.63 to 336.27 ng/m3. Among heavy metals, the maximum concentration belonged to aluminum (277.95 ng/m3) and iron (336.27 ng/m3), which are known as elements with a ground source (sources such as car fuels, exhaust gases, decorative materials, batteries, indoor smoking, the paint used for painting walls, erosion and corrosion of rubber of cars). Meanwhile, there was a positive relationship between heavy metals and temperature(r: 0.418, p < 0.019), pressure (r: 0.184, p < 0.0.402), as well as wind speed (r: 0.38, p < 0.017), while an inverse relationship was observed with relative humidity (r: -0.219, p < 0.018). The ecological risk of the metals calculated was very notable, with the maximum environmental risk being related to cadmium in children (6.61) and manganese in adults (0.82). The largest HQ in children and adults was associated with Cr. Finally, ILCR values for cadmium in both children (1.19 E-04) and adult (4.81 E-04) groups indicated high risk of developing cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Kermani
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jonidi Jafari
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Gholami
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Arfaeinia
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, the Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Abbas Shahsavani
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Fanaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wang Y, Zhong Y, Sun K, Fan Y, Liao J, Wang G. Identification of exosome miRNAs in bronchial epithelial cells after PM2.5 chronic exposure. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 215:112127. [PMID: 33714894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that chronic PM2.5 exposure was associated with the lung carcinogenesis without known potential mechanisms. Exosomes-derived non-coding RNAs, including miRNAs, are proposed to play critical role in the occurrence and development of malignant diseases. So identification of exosomes-derived miRNAs could help us to better understand the molecular toxicity of PM2.5-induced lung cancer. Establishment chronic exposure animal and cell model with PM2.5 was conducted as before. HE staining was used for estimating the histological alternations of lungs in vivo. The expressions of EMT markers in vivo and vitro were quantified by Western blot. Then the exosomes in cell culture supernatant were extracted and the involved miRNAs were extracted and sequenced. The different expression level of miRNAs were verified by RT-PCR. Chronic PM2.5 exposure induced bronchial epithelial cell atypical hyperplasia and massive macrophage infiltration. PM2.5 exposure induce EMT event in vivo and vitro indicated as increased expression of Vimentin and decreased expression of E-cadherin. And five passages of PM2.5 stimulation also induced the release of rich and extractable exosomes in the cell culture supernatant in vitro. Through sequencing, there were differentially expressed 36 miRNAs between PM2.5 chronic exposed and control groups with 1.5-fold and greater differences. Among them, there were 30 exosome-miRNAs upregulated and 6 downregulated expression by PM2.5 exposure. The downregulated expression of miR-29b-2-5p, miR-193b-5p and miR-320c and upregulated expression of miR-100-5p, 125b-5p and unconservative_2_45093 in PM2.5 group were identified and reconfirmed by qRT-PCR. Chronic PM2.5 exposure causes bronchial epithelial cells atypical hyperplasia and induces EMT event in vivo, and it also induce the expression differences of miRNAs in exosome in vitro. Meanwhile, the identified differentially expressed exosome-miRNAs may partially associate with tumorigenesis. To sum up, the identified exosome-miRNAs may play role in the development of lung cancer induced by chronic PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Yijue Zhong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Kunyan Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiping Liao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Guangfa Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Adli A, Hosseini SM, Lari Najafi M, Behmanesh M, Ghezi E, Rasti M, Kazemi AA, Rad A, Falanji F, Mohammadzadeh M, Miri M, Dadvand P. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposures and telomere length: A cross-sectional study on preschool children. Environ Res 2021; 195:110757. [PMID: 33493537 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been associated with shorter telomere length (TL), a marker of ageing at cellular level. However, the available evidence on this association among children is still scarce. We therefore aimed to assess, the relationship between urinary 1-hydroxipayrene (1-OHP), a marker of exposure to PAHs, and relative leukocyte TL (LTL) in children at preschool age. Our study was based on 200 children enrolled from 27 randomly-selected kindergartens in the city of Sabzevar, Iran (2017). 1-OHP levels in the participants' urine samples were measured using solid phase extraction (SPE) method and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Moreover, real-time PCR was used to measure the LTL in the participants' blood samples. Linear mixed effects models, controlled for relevant covariates, were applied to investigate the association of 1-OHP concentration and LTL. The median (interquartile range (IQR)) of relative LTL and urinary 1-OHP were 0.83 (0.7) and 257 (375.5) ng/L, respectively. In the fully adjusted model, an IQR increase in urinary 1-OHP was related to -0.05 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09, -0.01, P-value = 0.02) decrease in relative LTL. This association was similar among boys and girls; however, we observed indications for a stronger association for those children whose parents had university education. Our study suggested an inverse relationship between urinary 1-OHP and LTL in children at preschool age. However, further longitudinal research with repeated measures of PAHs and LTL are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Adli
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Hosseini
- Human Genetic Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1435916471, Iran
| | - Moslem Lari Najafi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Behmanesh
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; University of Applied Sciences & Technology (UAST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Ghezi
- Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Morteza Rasti
- Non-communicable diseases Research Center, Heshmatiyeh Hospital, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Kazemi
- Non-communicable diseases Research Center, Heshmatiyeh Hospital, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Rad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Falanji
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran; Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Miri
- Non-communicable diseases Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Payam Dadvand
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
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Hosseini ZS, Heydari-Zarnagh H, Lari Najafi M, Behmanesh M, Miri M. Maternal exposure to air pollution and umbilical asprosin concentration, a novel insulin-resistant marker. Chemosphere 2021; 268:129228. [PMID: 33352518 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution exposure during pregnancy has been associated with abnormal glucose hemostasis in the fetus, which may result in the programming of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development in future life. Therefore, we investigated the association of maternal exposure to particulate matters (PMs) and traffic indicators with umbilical asprosin concentration, a novel insulin-resistant inducing adipokine, in newborns. Accordingly, 759 mother-newborn pairs from Sabzevar, Iran (2018-2019) participated in our study. Maternal exposure to PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations was estimated using spatial-temporal models developed for the study area. The associations of exposure to traffic indicators (total street length in 100, 300 and 500 m buffers around home and proximity of mothers to nearest major roads) and air pollution with umbilical asprosin concentration were estimated using linear regression models, adjusted for potential confounders. The median (interquartile range (IQR)) of umbilical asprosin concentration was 30.4 (19.1) ng/mL. In fully adjusted models, each one IQR increase in PM10 and PM2.5 were associated with 26.43 ng/mL (95% CI: 10.97, 41.88) and 31.76 ng/mL (95% CI: 15.66, 47.86) increase in umbilical asprosin concentration, respectively. A similarity result was observed for total street length in 100 m buffer. An increase in proximity to major roads was associated with a decrease of -21.48 ng/mL (95% CI: 33.29, -9.67) in umbilical asprosin concentration. Our results suggested that maternal exposure to air pollution during pregnancy could increase the umbilical asprosin concentration. These novel findings may improve our understanding of the mechanisms whereby air pollutants impaired glucose hemostasis during the fetal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Sadat Hosseini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Hafez Heydari-Zarnagh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Moslem Lari Najafi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Behmanesh
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; University of Applied Sciences & Technology (UAST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Miri
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
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Kermani M, Jonidi Jafari A, Gholami M, Arfaeinia H, Yousefi M, Shahsavani A, Fanaei F. Spatio-seasonal variation, distribution, levels, and risk assessment of airborne asbestos concentration in the most industrial city of Iran: effect of meteorological factors. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:16434-16446. [PMID: 33387314 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11941-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Like other dangerous pollutants in the air, asbestos has negative and adverse effects on human and animal health. The present study is designed to determine the concentration of asbestos in the air of the most industrial city of Iran (Karaj) in 2018-2019. For this purpose, 4 samples were taken from different areas of the air of Karaj during a year with an SKC pump and flow of 6 L/min for 8 h and in 45 days, and a total of 68 samples of asbestos fibers were collected. Then, the samples were analyzed by phase-contrast microscope (PCM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Eventually, the health effects of asbestos fibers were evaluated by the IRIS EPA method. The average concentration of asbestos fibers was 1.84 f/L PCM and 18.16 f/L SEM. Also, the results of statistical correlation analysis indicated that asbestos fibers are positively correlated with wind speed but negatively correlated with the other three parameters (temperature, relative humidity, and pressure). On the other hand, the average annual risk of asbestos fiber in the ambient air of Karaj for all samples was in the range of 4.32 × 10-6 to 1.81 × 10-4 which in some places had more danger than the recommended risk range. According to the EPA guidelines, carcinogenicity acceptable levels are in the range of 10-4 and 10-6. Values higher than 10-4 have more carcinogenic risk and values lower than 10-6 have a lower carcinogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Kermani
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jonidi Jafari
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Gholami
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Arfaeinia
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, the Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mahmood Yousefi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Shahsavani
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Fanaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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35
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Ebrahimi Aval H, Hashemian M, Miri M. A protocol of comprehensive assessment of exposure to greenspace in school children. MethodsX 2021; 8:101596. [PMID: 35004228 PMCID: PMC8720888 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2021.101596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence on a comprehensive greenspace exposure assessment on primary school children is scarce yet. Therefore, we aimed to assess a comprehensive greenspace exposure on primary school children and their behavioral function. We assessed different aspects of exposure to greenspace as well as behavioral function in 704 primary school children in Sabzevar, Iran, during the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., 22 September 2020 to 10 March 2021). The greenspace indicators were including Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in 100, 300 and 500m buffers around children's homes based on Landsat 8 images with 30 × 30 m resolution, residential proximity to green space based on the Euclidean distance of the geocoded residential address to (i) the nearest green space of any area and (ii) the nearest green space with an area of at least 5000m2 (i.e., major green space) based on land use map of the study area, time spent in public and private green spaces, number of plant pots at home and visual access to greenspace based on a prepared questionnaire. The behavioral development of primary school children was assessed using a Persian online validated version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) filled by parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Ebrahimi Aval
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Student Committee Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Hashemian
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Mohammad Miri
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Corresponding authors.
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Moteallemi A, Minaei M, Tahmasbizadeh M, Fadaei S, Masroor K, Fanaei F. Monitoring of airborne asbestos fibers in an urban ambient air of Mashhad City, Iran: levels, spatial distribution and seasonal variations. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2020; 18:1239-1246. [PMID: 33312638 PMCID: PMC7721955 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Asbestos, as with other pollutants in the air, has adverse effects on the health of human beings and animals. Today, the relationship between presence of asbestos fibers in the air breathed by humans and developing serious diseases such as lung cancer (asbestosis) and mesothelioma has been proven. The objectives of this study were to monitor the levels of asbestos fibers in ambient air of Mashhad, Iran during 2018, and to draw its Geographic Information System (GIS) distribution map for the city. In this descriptive study, 13 sampling points in Mashhad city were chosen. Sampling of asbestos was carried out for 3 hour during summer and winter at 2018. Sampling of asbestos was performed using MCE (Mixed Cellulose Ester) membrane filters (pour size 0.45 µm; diameter: 25 mm) and cassette holder and peripheral pump. The samples were the analyzed by the phase contrast microscopy (PCM) method (NIOSH7400). Also, to investigate the type of asbestos and for more accurate counting of fibers, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis was utilized. Meteorological parameter were recorded through portable devices. To draw the graphs, Excel, R and Arc GIS software were used. Results showed that the mean asbestos fiber concentrations were equal to 11.40 ± 2.14 and 14.38 ± 2.52 f/L in summer and winter, respectively. The maximum level of asbestos fiber was detected in the station of Baitolmoghaddas square by 26.64 ± 2.14 and 19.3 SEM f/L in winter and summer, respectively. High concentration of asbestos fiber observed in this study can be attributed to the heavy traffic, the presence of prominent industries in the vicinity of the study area, and topographic features. The results from this research recommends that suitable controlling policies should be regulated to reduce both ambient air asbestos and its adverse health endpoints in Mashhad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiyeh Moteallemi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat Jam, Iran
| | - Masoud Minaei
- Department of Geography, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Tahmasbizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeid Fadaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kazhal Masroor
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Fanaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ranjbaran M, Mohammadi R, Yaseri M, Kamari M, Habibelahi A, Yazdani K. Effect of ambient air pollution and temperature on the risk of stillbirth: a distributed lag nonlinear time series analysis. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2020; 18:1289-1299. [PMID: 33312643 PMCID: PMC7721760 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00547-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the effect of ambient air pollution and temperature on stillbirth in Tehran. METHODS In this time-series study, the effect of O3 (ppb), CO (ppm), NO2 (ppb), SO2 (ppb), PM2.5 (μg/m3), and minimum, maximum, and mean daily temperature (°C) on stillbirth was evaluated in Tehran, Iran between March 2015 and March 2018. Using a quasi-Poisson regression model in combination with a Distributed Lag Non-linear Models (DLNM), the Relative Risk (RR) was estimated through comparing the high temperature (99th, 95th, and 75th percentiles) and low temperature (1st, 5th, and 25th percentiles) with the median. The effect of air pollution was estimated for each 1-, 5-, or 10-unit increase in the concentration during lags (days) 0-21. RESULTS Among air pollutants, only a 5-ppm increase in the SO2 concentration in lag 0 increased the risk of stillbirth significantly (RR = 1.062; 1.002-1.125). The largest effect of heat was observed while comparing the 99th percentile of minimum daily temperature (26.9 °C) with the median temperature (13.2 °C), which was not statistically significant (RR = 1.25; 0.95-1.65). As for cold, a non-significant protective effect was observed while comparing the 1st percentile of maximum daily temperature (3.1 °C) with the median temperature (23.2 °C) (RR = 0.92; 0.72-1.19). CONCLUSION Each 5-ppm increase in the mean daily SO2 in lag 0 increased the risk of stillbirth by 6% while other air pollutants had no significant effects on stillbirth. In lags 0 and 1, the heat increased the risk of stillbirth while the cold had protective effects, which were not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ranjbaran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Rasool Mohammadi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Health and Nutritional Department, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kamari
- Deputy of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kamran Yazdani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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