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Marquina C, Morton JI, Lloyd M, Abushanab D, Baek Y, Abebe T, Livori A, Dahal P, Watts GF, Ademi Z. Cost-Effectiveness of Screening Strategies for Familial Hypercholesterolaemia: An Updated Systematic Review. Pharmacoeconomics 2024; 42:373-392. [PMID: 38265575 PMCID: PMC10937756 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-023-01347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to systematically synthesise the cost-effectiveness of screening strategies to detect heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). METHODS We searched seven databases from inception to 2 February , 2023, for eligible cost-effective analysis (CEA) that evaluated screening strategies for FH versus the standard care for FH detection. Independent reviewers performed the screening, data extraction and quality evaluation. Cost results were adapted to 2022 US dollars (US$) to facilitate comparisons between studies using the same screening strategies. Cost-effectiveness thresholds were based on the original study criteria. RESULTS A total of 21 studies evaluating 62 strategies were included in this review, most of the studies (95%) adopted a healthcare perspective in the base case, and majority were set in high-income countries. Strategies analysed included cascade screening (23 strategies), opportunistic screening (13 strategies), systematic screening (11 strategies) and population-wide screening (15 strategies). Most of the strategies relied on genetic diagnosis for case ascertainment. The most common comparator was no screening, but some studies compared the proposed strategy versus current screening strategies or versus the best next alternative. Six studies evaluated screening in children while the remaining were targeted at adults. From a healthcare perspective, cascade screening was cost-effective in 78% of the studies [cost-adapted incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) ranged from dominant to 2022 US$ 104,877], opportunistic screening in 85% (ICERs from US$4959 to US$41,705), systematic screening in 80% (ICERs from US$2763 to US$69,969) and population-wide screening in 60% (ICERs from US$1484 to US$223,240). The most common driver of ICER identified in the sensitivity analysis was the long-term cost of lipid-lowering treatment. CONCLUSIONS Based on reported willingness to pay thresholds for each setting, most CEA studies concluded that screening for FH compared with no screening was cost-effective, regardless of the screening strategy. Cascade screening resulted in the largest health benefits per person tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Marquina
- Health Economics and Policy Evaluation Research (HEPER) Group, Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jedidiah I Morton
- Health Economics and Policy Evaluation Research (HEPER) Group, Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melanie Lloyd
- Health Economics and Policy Evaluation Research (HEPER) Group, Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dina Abushanab
- Health Economics and Policy Evaluation Research (HEPER) Group, Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Pharmacy Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yeji Baek
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tamrat Abebe
- Health Economics and Policy Evaluation Research (HEPER) Group, Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adam Livori
- Health Economics and Policy Evaluation Research (HEPER) Group, Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Grampians Health, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Padam Dahal
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney Campus, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gerald F Watts
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney Campus, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Cardiometabolic Service, Departments of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Zanfina Ademi
- Health Economics and Policy Evaluation Research (HEPER) Group, Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Henry E, Al-Janabi H, Brouwer W, Cullinan J, Engel L, Griffin S, Hulme C, Kingkaew P, Lloyd A, Payakachat N, Pennington B, Peña-Longobardo LM, Prosser LA, Shah K, Ungar WJ, Wilkinson T, Wittenberg E. Recommendations for Emerging Good Practice and Future Research in Relation to Family and Caregiver Health Spillovers in Health Economic Evaluations: A Report of the SHEER Task Force. Pharmacoeconomics 2024; 42:343-362. [PMID: 38041698 PMCID: PMC10861630 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-023-01321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omission of family and caregiver health spillovers from the economic evaluation of healthcare interventions remains common practice. When reported, a high degree of methodological inconsistency in incorporating spillovers has been observed. AIM To promote emerging good practice, this paper from the Spillovers in Health Economic Evaluation and Research (SHEER) task force aims to provide guidance on the incorporation of family and caregiver health spillovers in cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis. SHEER also seeks to inform the basis for a spillover research agenda and future practice. METHODS A modified nominal group technique was used to reach consensus on a set of recommendations, representative of the views of participating subject-matter experts. Through the structured discussions of the group, as well as on the basis of evidence identified during a review process, recommendations were proposed and voted upon, with voting being held over two rounds. RESULTS This report describes 11 consensus recommendations for emerging good practice. SHEER advocates for the incorporation of health spillovers into analyses conducted from a healthcare/health payer perspective, and more generally inclusive perspectives such as a societal perspective. Where possible, spillovers related to displaced/foregone activities should be considered, as should the distributional consequences of inclusion. Time horizons ought to be sufficient to capture all relevant impacts. Currently, the collection of primary spillover data is preferred and clear justification should be provided when using secondary data. Transparency and consistency when reporting on the incorporation of health spillovers are crucial. In addition, given that the evidence base relating to health spillovers remains limited and requires much development, 12 avenues for future research are proposed. CONCLUSIONS Consideration of health spillovers in economic evaluations has been called for by researchers and policymakers alike. Accordingly, it is hoped that the consensus recommendations of SHEER will motivate more widespread incorporation of health spillovers into analyses. The developing nature of spillover research necessitates that this guidance be viewed as an initial roadmap, rather than a strict checklist. Moreover, there is a need for balance between consistency in approach, where valuable in a decision making context, and variation in application, to reflect differing decision maker perspectives and to support innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Henry
- J.E. Cairnes School of Business & Economics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Hareth Al-Janabi
- Health Economics Unit, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Werner Brouwer
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - John Cullinan
- J.E. Cairnes School of Business & Economics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lidia Engel
- Monash University Health Economics Group, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan Griffin
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK
| | - Claire Hulme
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Pritaporn Kingkaew
- Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program (HITAP), Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | - Nalin Payakachat
- Division of Pharmaceutical Evaluation and Policy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Becky Pennington
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Lisa A Prosser
- Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Koonal Shah
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, London, UK
| | - Wendy J Ungar
- The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute/University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas Wilkinson
- Health Economics Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Eve Wittenberg
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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Lamsal R, Yeh EA, Pullenayegum E, Ungar WJ. A Systematic Review of Methods Used by Pediatric Cost-Utility Analyses to Include Family Spillover Effects. Pharmacoeconomics 2024; 42:199-217. [PMID: 37945777 PMCID: PMC10810985 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-023-01331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A child's health condition affects family members' health and well-being. However, pediatric cost-utility analysis (CUA) commonly ignores these family spillover effects leading to an incomplete understanding of the cost and benefits of a child's health intervention. Methodological challenges exist in assessing, valuing, and incorporating family spillover effects. OBJECTIVE This study systematically reviews and compare methods used to include family spillover effects in pediatric CUAs. METHODS A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, EconLit, Cochrane collection, CINAHL, INAHTA, and the Pediatric Economic Database Evaluation (PEDE) database from inception to 2020 to identify pediatric CUAs that included family spillover effects. The search was updated to 2021 using PEDE. The data describing in which family members spillover effects were measured, and how family spillover effects were measured, incorporated, and reported, were extracted. Common approaches were grouped conceptually. Further, this review identified theories or theoretical frameworks used to justify approaches for integrating family spillover effects into CUA. RESULTS Of 878 pediatric CUAs identified, 35 included family spillover effects. Most pediatric CUAs considered family spillover effects on one family member. Pediatric CUAs reported eight different approaches to measure the family spillover effects. The most common method was measuring the quality-adjusted life years (QALY) loss of the caregiver(s) or parent(s) due to a child's illness or disability using an isolated approach whereby family spillover effects were quantified in individual family members separately from other health effects. Studies used four approaches to integrate family spillover effects into CUA. The most common method was to sum children's and parents/caregivers' QALYs. Only two studies used a theoretical framework for incorporation of family spillover effects. CONCLUSIONS Few pediatric CUAs included family spillover effects and the observed variation indicated no consensus among researchers on how family spillover effects should be measured and incorporated. This heterogeneity is mirrored by a lack of practical guidelines by Health Technology Assessment (HTA) agencies or a theoretical foundation for including family spillover effects in pediatric CUA. The results from this review may encourage researchers to develop a theoretical framework and HTA agencies to develop guidelines for including family spillover effects. Such guidance may lead to more rigorous and standardized methods for including family spillover effects and better-quality evidence to inform decision-makers on the cost-effectiveness of pediatric health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Lamsal
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 11th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - E Ann Yeh
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eleanor Pullenayegum
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 11th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wendy J Ungar
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 11th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Kositamongkol C, Kanchanasurakit S, Mepramoon E, Talungchit P, Chaopotong P, Kengkla K, Chaisathaphol T, Saokaew S, Phisalprapa P. Cost-utility and budget impact analyses of cervical cancer screening using self-collected samples for HPV DNA testing in Thailand. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2413. [PMID: 38049773 PMCID: PMC10696797 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cervical cancer ranks as the third most prevalent cancer among women in Thailand. However, the effectiveness of cervical cancer screening programs is limited by several factors that impede the screening rate. The utilization of self-collected samples for screening purposes has the potential to alleviate barriers to screening in Thai women. This study assessed the cost-utility and budget impact of implementing cervical cancer screening using self-collected samples for human papillomavirus (HPV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) testing in Thailand. MATERIALS AND METHODS We employed a decision tree integrated with a Markov model to estimate the lifetime costs and health benefits associated with the cervical cancer screening program for women aged 25-65. The analysis was conducted from a societal perspective. Four screening policy options were compared: (1) additional self-collected samples for HPV DNA testing, (2) clinician-collected samples for HPV DNA testing only, (3) clinician-collected samples for cytology test (i.e., status quo), and (4) no screening. The model inputs were based on unvaccinated women. The screening strategies and management in those with positive results were assumed followed to the Thai clinical practice guideline. Costs were reported in 2022 Thai baht. Sensitivity analyses were conducted. The ten-year budget impacts of the additional self-collected samples for HPV DNA testing were calculated from a payer perspective. RESULTS All screening policies were cost-saving compared to no screening. When comparing the additional self-collected samples for HPV DNA testing with the clinician-collected samples policy, it emerged as the dominant strategy. The incremental benefit in cervical cancer prevention achieved by incorporating self-collected samples for screening was observed at any additional screening rate that could be achieved through their use. Sensitivity analyses yielded consistently favorable results for the screening policies. The average annual budget impact of the additional self-collected samples for screening policy amounted to 681 million Thai baht. This budget allocation could facilitate cervical cancer screening for over 10 million women. CONCLUSIONS An addition of self-collected samples for HPV DNA testing into the cervical cancer screening program is cost-saving. The benefits of this screening policy outweigh the associated incremental costs. Policymakers should consider this evidence during the policy optimization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayanis Kositamongkol
- Division of Ambulatory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sukrit Kanchanasurakit
- Division of Pharmacy Practice, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Division of Pharmaceutical Care, Department of Pharmacy, Phrae Hospital, Phrae, Thailand
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Unit of Excellence on Clinical Outcomes Research and IntegratioN (UNICORN), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Euarat Mepramoon
- Division of Ambulatory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pattarawalai Talungchit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pattama Chaopotong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kirati Kengkla
- Division of Pharmacy Practice, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Thanet Chaisathaphol
- Division of Ambulatory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surasak Saokaew
- Division of Pharmacy Practice, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.
- Unit of Excellence on Clinical Outcomes Research and IntegratioN (UNICORN), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.
| | - Pochamana Phisalprapa
- Division of Ambulatory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Teigen D, Opoka RO, Kasirye P, Nabaggala C, Hume HA, Blomberg B, John CC, Ware RE, Robberstad B. Cost-Effectiveness of Hydroxyurea for Sickle Cell Anemia in a Low-Income African Setting: A Model-Based Evaluation of Two Dosing Regimens. PharmacoEconomics 2023; 41:1603-1615. [PMID: 37462838 PMCID: PMC10635957 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-023-01294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The disease burden of sickle cell anemia (SCA) in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries is substantial, with many children dying without an established diagnosis or proper treatment. The global burden of SCA is increasing each year, making therapeutic intervention a high priority. Hydroxyurea is the only disease-modifying therapy with proven feasibility and efficacy suitable for SSA; however, no one has quantified the health economic implications of its use. Therefore, from the perspective of the health care provider, we estimated the incremental cost-effectiveness of hydroxyurea as a fixed-dose regimen or maximum tolerated dose (MTD) regimen, versus SCA care without hydroxyurea. METHODS We estimated the cost of providing outpatient treatment at a pediatric sickle cell clinic in Kampala, Uganda. These estimates were used in a discrete-event simulation model to project mean costs (2021 US$), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and consumption of blood products per patient (450 mL units), for patients between 9 months and 18 years of age. We calculated cost-effectiveness as the ratio of incremental costs over incremental DALYs averted, discounted at 3% annually. To test the robustness of our findings, and the impact of uncertainty, we conducted probabilistic and one-way sensitivity analyses, scenario analysis, and price threshold analyses. RESULTS Hydroxyurea treatment averted an expected 1.37 DALYs and saved US$ 191 per patient if administered at the MTD, compared with SCA care without hydroxyurea. In comparison, hydroxyurea at a fixed dose averted 0.80 DALYs per patient at an incremental cost of US$ 2. The MTD strategy saved 11.2 (95% CI 11.1-11.4) units of blood per patient, compared with 9.1 (95% CI 9.0-9.2) units of blood per patient at the fixed-dose alternative. CONCLUSIONS Hydroxyurea at MTD is likely to improve quality of life and reduce the consumption of blood products for children with SCA living in Uganda. Compared with a fixed dose regimen, treatment dosing at MTD is likely to be a cost-effective treatment for SCA, using realistic ranges of hydroxyurea costs that are relevant across SSA. Compared with no use of the drug, hydroxyurea could lead to substantial net savings per patient, while reducing the disease morbidity and mortality and increasing quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Teigen
- Health Economics, Leadership and Translational Ethics Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Robert O Opoka
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Global Health Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Phillip Kasirye
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Directorate of Paediatrics and Child Health, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Catherine Nabaggala
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Global Health Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Heather A Hume
- Centre hospitalier universitaire Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bjørn Blomberg
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- National Advisory Unit for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Chandy C John
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Russell E Ware
- Division of Hematology and Global Health Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bjarne Robberstad
- Health Economics, Leadership and Translational Ethics Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway
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Xia H, Yang Q, Wang Q, Jia J, Liu X, Meng S. Economic evaluation of stent retrievers in basilar artery occlusion: An analysis from Chinese healthcare system perspective. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294929. [PMID: 38033030 PMCID: PMC10688905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the cost-effectiveness of stent retriever (SR) versus best medical management (BMM) in patients with basilar artery occlusion (BAO) in China. METHODS We used a two-step approach to compare the cost-effectiveness of SR plus BMM with that of BMM alone over 20 years. A decision tree was initially constructed for the first 3 months, followed by a Markov model for the subsequent period. Collected data on clinical aspects were extracted from the BAOCHE investigation, while costs-related information was sourced from previously published research. The key metric for evaluating the primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), achieved $/QALY. The threshold for identifying SR as highly cost-effective was set at an ICER below $12,551/QALY, SR was deemed cost-effective if the ICER ranged from $12,551 to $37,654 per QALY. Uncertainty was addressed using scenario, one-way sensitivity, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA). FINDINGS For Chinese patients with BAO, the 20-year cost per patient was $8678 with BMM alone and $21,988 for SR plus BMM. Effectiveness was 1.45 QALY for BMM alone, and 2.77 QALY for SR plus BMM. The ICER of SR + BMM versus BMM alone was $10,050 per QALY. The scenario and one-way sensitivity analyses revealed that in certain situations the ICER could exceed $12,551 per QALY, but remain below $37,654 per QALY. Results from the PSA suggested that SR was likely to be cost-effective for Chinese patients with BAO, with a probability exceeding 98% when considering a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $12,551 per QALY. IMPLICATIONS Our study indicates that SR is an intervention option that is highly likely to be cost-effective for Chinese patients with BAO, with a probability of over 98% under the current WTP threshold of $12,551 per QALY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Red Cross Hospital(Jiangbei District People’s Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qibo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Red Cross Hospital(Jiangbei District People’s Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - Jielin Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Red Cross Hospital(Jiangbei District People’s Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - Xipeng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic, Chongqing Red Cross Hospital(Jiangbei District People’s Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - Shu Meng
- Internal medicine department, Chongqing Red Cross Hospital(Jiangbei District People’s Hospital), Chongqing, China
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Zhang H, Li L, Feng L, Zhou Z, Zhang X, Feng J, Liu Q. Biomarkers-Based Cost-Effectiveness of Toripalimab Plus Chemotherapy for Patients with Treatment-Naive Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Adv Ther 2023; 40:4945-4956. [PMID: 37715852 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-023-02679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined the cost-effectiveness of first-line toripalimab plus chemotherapy (TC) for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), excluding patients with nonsquamous NSCLC and EGFR/ALK mutations. It further analyzed the cost-effectiveness of this strategy in biomarker-based subgroups, all within the context of the Chinese healthcare system. METHODS Eighteen Markov models with 21-day Markov cycle lengths and 30-year time horizons were constructed in this study. Clinical effectiveness data were derived from the CHOICE-01 trial. Health state utilities and costs data were obtained from various sources. The primary outputs were the calculation of incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), which were then compared to a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $17,961 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). This comparison was used to determine the treatment that offered greater cost-effectiveness. To account for uncertainty in the model, sensitivity analyses were conducted. RESULTS For the overall patient population, the estimated ICER between first-line TC and placebo plus chemotherapy (PC) was $9445/QALY, significantly lower than the WTP threshold used in the model. In subgroups based on pathologic types, first-line TC had an ICER of $16,757/QALY for patients with nonsquamous NSCLC, slightly below the WTP threshold; first-line TC demonstrated dominance in patients with squamous NSCLC, indicating both better effectiveness and lower costs compared to first-line PC. In biomarkers-based subgroups, first-line TC was dominant over first-line PC in the subgroups with programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression ≥ 50% and SMARCA4 mutations. Moreover, first-line TC had ICERs lower than the WTP threshold in other subgroups, except for the subgroup with RB1 mutations. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these findings. CONCLUSION From the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system, this study's findings suggested that first-line TC represents a cost-effective strategy for patients with advanced NSCLC. However, the cost-effectiveness of first-line TC varied across different subgroups when considering predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jianbo Feng
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Li X, Hoogenveen R, El Alili M, Knies S, Wang J, Beulens JWJ, Elders PJM, Nijpels G, van Giessen A, Feenstra TL. Cost-Effectiveness of SGLT2 Inhibitors in a Real-World Population: A MICADO Model-Based Analysis Using Routine Data from a GP Registry. Pharmacoeconomics 2023; 41:1249-1262. [PMID: 37300652 PMCID: PMC10492753 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-023-01286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications, which largely drive diabetes' health and economic burdens. Trial results indicated that SGLT2i are cost effective. However, these findings may not be generalizable to the real-world target population. This study aims to evaluate the cost effectiveness of SGLT2i in a routine care type 2 diabetes population that meets Dutch reimbursement criteria using the MICADO model. METHODS Individuals from the Hoorn Diabetes Care System cohort (N = 15,392) were filtered to satisfy trial inclusion criteria (including EMPA-REG, CANVAS, and DECLARE-TIMI58) or satisfy the current Dutch reimbursement criteria for SGLT2i. We validated a health economic model (MICADO) by comparing simulated and observed outcomes regarding the relative risks of events in the intervention and comparator arm from three trials, and used the validated model to evaluate the long-term health outcomes using the filtered cohorts' baseline characteristics and treatment effects from trials and a review of observational studies. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of SGLT2i, compared with care-as-usual, was assessed from a third-party payer perspective, measured in euros (2021 price level), using a discount rate of 4% for costs and 1.5% for effects. RESULTS From Dutch individuals with diabetes in routine care, 15.8% qualify for the current Dutch reimbursement criteria for SGLT2i. Their characteristics were significantly different (lower HbA1c, higher age, and generally more preexisting complications) than trial populations. After validating the MICADO model, we found that lifetime ICERs of SGLT2i, when compared with usual care, were favorable (< €20,000/QALY) for all filtered cohorts, resulting in an ICER of €5440/QALY using trial-based treatment effect estimates in reimbursed population. Several pragmatic scenarios were tested, the ICERs remained favorable. CONCLUSIONS Although the Dutch reimbursement indications led to a target group that deviates from trial populations, SGLT2i are likely to be cost effective when compared with usual care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- University of Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Rudolf Hoogenveen
- Expertise Center for Methodology and Information Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mohamed El Alili
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Zorginstituut Nederland, Diemen, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Knies
- Zorginstituut Nederland, Diemen, The Netherlands
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J M Elders
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Nijpels
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anoukh van Giessen
- Expertise Center for Methodology and Information Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Talitha L Feenstra
- University of Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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9
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Kiskaddon AL, Smith MM, Gilliland F, Rech MA. Pharmacist Avoidance or Reductions in Medical Costs in Critically and Emergently Ill Pediatrics: PHARM-PEDS Study. Crit Care Explor 2023; 5:e0980. [PMID: 37811129 PMCID: PMC10558220 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To comprehensively classify interventions performed by pediatric critical care clinical pharmacists and quantify cost avoidance (CA) generated through their accepted interventions. DESIGN A multicenter, prospective, observational study performed between August 2018 and January 2019. SETTING Academic and community hospitals in the United States with pediatric critical care units. SUBJECTS Pediatric clinical pharmacists. INTERVENTIONS Pharmacist recommendations were classified into one of 38 total intervention categories associated with CA. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Nineteen pediatric pharmacists at five centers documented 1,458 accepted interventions during 112 shifts on 861 critically ill pediatric patients. This calculated to an associated CA of $450,590. The accepted interventions and associated CA in the six established categories included as follows: adverse drug event prevention (155 interventions, $118,901 CA), resource utilization (267 interventions; $59,020), individualization of patient care (898 interventions, $217,949 CA), prophylaxis (8 interventions, $453 CA), hands-on care (30 interventions, $35,509 CA), and administrative/supportive tasks (108 interventions, $18,758 CA). The average associated CA was $309 per accepted intervention, $523 per patient day, and $4,023.13 per pediatric clinical pharmacist shift. The calculated potential annualized CA of accepted interventions from a pediatric pharmacist was $965,550, resulting in a potential monetary-associated CA-to-pharmacist salary ratio between $1.5:1 and $5.2:1. CONCLUSIONS There is potential for significant avoidance of healthcare costs when pediatric pharmacists are involved in the care of critically and emergently ill pediatric patients, with a monetary potential CA-to-pediatric pharmacist salary ratio to be between $1.5:1 and $5.2:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Kiskaddon
- Department of Pharmacy, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michelle M Smith
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Frankie Gilliland
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Megan A Rech
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
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10
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Chen ZR, Chueh CH, Chiang NJ, Tsai YW. Cost-effectiveness of pemigatinib as a second-line treatment for advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 fusions in Taiwan: from the evidence of the phase II trial and the perspective of Taiwan's National Health Insurance Administration. Cost Eff Resour Alloc 2023; 21:61. [PMID: 37697368 PMCID: PMC10496386 DOI: 10.1186/s12962-023-00473-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In December 2022, the Taiwan National Health Insurance Administration (NHIA) announced the reimbursement of three dosages of pemigatinib 4.5 mg, 9 mg, and 13.5 mg for treating advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) with fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) fusions/rearrangements and set the reimbursement price for pemigatinib 4.5 mg at NT$6600. This study aims to analyze the cost-effectiveness of pemigatinib 13.5 mg as a second-line treatment compared to mFOLFOX and 5-FU chemotherapy for advanced ICC patients with FGFR2 fusions/rearrangements from the perspective of Taiwan's NHIA. METHODS This study used a 3-state partitioned survival model to analyze the 5 year cost-effectiveness of pemigatinib as a second-line treatment for advanced ICC patients in whom first-line gemcitabine-based chemotherapy failed and to compare the results with those for the mFOLFOX and 5-FU chemotherapy regimens. Overall survival and progression-free survival were estimated from the FIGHT-202 trial (pemigatinib), ABC-06 trial (mFOLFOX), and NIFTY trial (5-FU). The price of pemigatinib 13.5 mg was set at the potentially highest listing price (NT$17,820). Other parameters of utility, disutility, and costs related to advanced ICC were obtained from the published literature. The willingness-to-pay threshold was three times the forecasted gross domestic product per capita in 2022 (NT$2,928,570). A 3% discount rate was applied to quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and costs. Several scenario analyses were performed, including a gradual price reduction for pemigatinib. Deterministic sensitivity analysis, probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA), and value of information were performed to assess uncertainty. RESULTS Pemigatinib was not cost-effective compared to mFOLFOX or 5-FU in the base-case analysis. When the price of pemigatinib was reduced by 50% or more, pemigatinib gained a positive net monetary benefit (mFOLFOX: NT$55,374; 5-FU: NT$92,437) and a 72% (mFOLFOX) and 77.1% (5-FU) probability of being cost-effective. Most of the uncertainty came from the medication cost of pemigatinib, health state utility, and the overall survival associated with pemigatinib. CONCLUSIONS According to the NCCN guidelines, the daily use of pemigatinib 13.5 mg at the hypothesized NHIA price of NT$17,820/13.5 mg was not cost-effective compared to mFOLFOX or 5-FU. The price reduction scenario suggested a 50% price reduction, NT$8910 per 13.5 mg, for advanced ICC patients with FGFR2 fusions/rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Rong Chen
- Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Han Chueh
- Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Jung Chiang
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Wen Tsai
- Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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11
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Hansen JAL, Fast T, Wangen KR. Productivity Loss Across Socioeconomic Groups Among Patients With Low Back Pain or Osteoarthritis: Estimates Using the Friction-Cost Approach in Norway. Pharmacoeconomics 2023; 41:1079-1091. [PMID: 37084066 PMCID: PMC10449709 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-023-01269-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to estimate the productivity loss (PL) among patients with low back pain (LBP) or osteoarthritis (OA) across socioeconomic groups, using the friction-cost approach (FCA). METHODS A total of 175,550 patients aged 18-65 years were included at their first diagnosis in specialty care between 2011 and 2016. PL was calculated for the year following diagnosis using individual wages, while adjusting for the friction length at 78 days per episode, a team production multiplier at 1.6, compensation mechanisms of 26.8%, and a chain-of-vacancies multiplier at 3.95. We included a simpler FCA model, omitting the latter three parameters, and a human capital approach (HCA) model. Socioeconomic stratifications were created based on education and income. One-way sensitivity analysis was used to assess the influence of the parameters in the full FCA model. RESULTS The overall mean number of absent days was 23, while it was 25.3 and 20.1 for those with low and high education levels. The per-patient friction costs were €4395 among all patients and when extending the friction length to 98 days costs were €4342. For those with low and high education levels, the costs were €3671 and €4464, respectively. The costs in the simple FCA and HCA models were €1539 and €2088. DISCUSSION Socioeconomic status and model design are sources of variation in PL. In health economic applications with PL and in patient populations with large socioeconomic differences, adjusting for these factors may be as important as sensitivities in parameters such as the friction length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan A Liseth Hansen
- Department of Health Management and Health Economics, University of Oslo, Forskningsveien 3a, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
- Quantify Research, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Knut Reidar Wangen
- Department of Health Management and Health Economics, University of Oslo, Forskningsveien 3a, 0317, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Okafor C, Byrnes J, Stewart S, Scuffham P, Afoakwah C. Cost Effectiveness of Strategies to Manage Atrial Fibrillation in Middle- and High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review. Pharmacoeconomics 2023; 41:913-943. [PMID: 37204698 PMCID: PMC10322963 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-023-01276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) remains the most common form of cardiac arrhythmia. Management of AF aims to reduce the risk of stroke, heart failure and premature mortality via rate or rhythm control. This study aimed to review the literature on the cost effectiveness of treatment strategies to manage AF among adults living in low-, middle- and high-income countries. METHODS We searched MEDLINE (OvidSp), Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EconLit and Google Scholar for relevant studies between September 2022 and November 2022. The search strategy involved medical subject headings or related text words. Data management and selection was performed using EndNote library. The titles and abstracts were screened followed by eligibility assessment of full texts. Selection, assessment of the risk of bias within the studies, and data extraction were conducted by two independent reviewers. The cost-effectiveness results were synthesised narratively. The analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 365. The incremental cost effectiveness ratio for each study was adjusted to 2021 USD values. RESULTS Fifty studies were included in the analysis after selection and risk of bias assessment. In high-income countries, apixaban was predominantly cost effective for stroke prevention in patients at low and moderate risk of stroke, while left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) was cost effective in patients at high risk of stroke. Propranolol was the cost-effective choice for rate control, while catheter ablation and the convergent procedure were cost-effective strategies in patients with paroxysmal and persistent AF, respectively. Among the anti-arrhythmic drugs, sotalol was the cost-effective strategy for rhythm control. In middle-income countries, apixaban was the cost-effective choice for stroke prevention in patients at low and moderate risk of stroke while high-dose edoxaban was cost effective in patients at high risk of stroke. Radiofrequency catheter ablation was the cost-effective option in rhythm control. No data were available for low-income countries. CONCLUSION This systematic review has shown that there are several cost-effective strategies to manage AF in different resource settings. However, the decision to use any strategy should be guided by objective clinical and economic evidence supported by sound clinical judgement. REGISTRATION CRD42022360590.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Okafor
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Joshua Byrnes
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon Stewart
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Freemantle, WA, Australia
| | - Paul Scuffham
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Clifford Afoakwah
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.
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Lu S, Lou Y, Rong Y, Huang Z, Lin X, Chen J, Luo K. Tislelizumab Plus Chemotherapy Versus Placebo Plus Chemotherapy as First-Line Treatment for Chinese Patients with Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. Clin Drug Investig 2023; 43:643-652. [PMID: 37542611 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-023-01295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a prevalent and highly malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. Recently, the RATIONALE-306 trial demonstrated that tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy provided overall survival benefits for these patients. This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of this treatment approach in Chinese patients with advanced ESCC from the perspective of healthcare system. METHODS A Markov model was constructed to assess the economic and health benefits associated with tislelizumab plus chemotherapy over a 10-year lifetime horizon, utilizing data from the RATIONALE-306 trial. The analysis encompassed the calculation of several key parameters, including the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), total cost, incremental cost, total effectiveness, and incremental effectiveness. Tislelizumab was considered cost-effective if the ICER obtained was below the willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of US$38,223 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY); otherwise, it would be deemed not cost-effective. To ensure the robustness of the findings, the results were subjected to one-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA). RESULTS In the base-case analysis, the incremental effectiveness and cost associated with tislelizumab plus chemotherapy, compared to chemotherapy alone, were determined to be 0.40 QALY and US$7604, respectively. This resulted in an ICER of US$18,846 per QALY, which is below the WTP threshold of US$38,223 per QALY. Furthermore, the results from the one-way sensitivity analysis and PSA indicated robustness of the findings. CONCLUSION Our lifetime simulation study demonstrated that, in the case of advanced ESCC, the combination of tislelizumab and chemotherapy offers increased effectiveness compared to chemotherapy alone, albeit at a higher cost. Moreover, considering the current WTP threshold in China, the addition of tislelizumab to chemotherapy is considered a cost-effective approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yake Lou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 76 Linjiang Road, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yi Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zirui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiaodan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Junying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Kongjia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Harvard S, Winsberg E. Patient and Public Involvement in Health Economics Modelling Raises the Need for Normative Guidance. Pharmacoeconomics 2023; 41:733-740. [PMID: 37106229 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-023-01274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Patient and public involvement in health economics research and health technology assessment has been increasing for some time; however, patient and public involvement in health economics modelling is a more recent development. One reason to advance this type of involvement is to help appropriately manage the social and ethical value judgements that are required throughout model development and interpretation. At the same time, patient and public involvement in health economics modelling raises numerous practical and philosophical issues that invite discussion and debate. Recently, we attended an engagement event which invited patients, members of the public, researchers and decision-makers to discuss some of these issues. One priority that emerged in the discussion was to develop normative guidance for patient and public involvement in health economics modelling. In this article, we reflect on this goal from our own perspective, focusing on why normative guidance is needed and what questions that guidance should answer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Harvard
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Canada.
| | - Eric Winsberg
- Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge, Free School Lane, Cambridge, CB2 3RH, UK
- Department of Philosophy, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
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15
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Wang T, Li Y, Zheng X. Cost-effectiveness of the combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:691. [PMID: 37365540 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09727-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) was primarily carried out with a combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and platinum-etoposide (EP). It is likely to be more effective in treating ES-SCLC than EP alone, but could result in high healthcare costs. The study aimed to investigate the cost-effectiveness of this combination therapy for ES-SCLC. METHODS We searched literature from the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for studies on cost-effectiveness of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy for ES-SCLC. The literature search period was up to April 20, 2023. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool and Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) checklist. RESULTS A total of 16 eligible studies were included in the review. All studies met CHEERS recommendations, and all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in these studies were rated as having low risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. The treatment regimens compared were ICIs plus EP or EP alone. All studies mainly used incremental quality-adjusted life year and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio as outcomes. Most ICIs plus EP treatment regimens were not cost-effective based on corresponding willingness-to-pay thresholds. CONCLUSIONS Adebrelimab plus EP and serplulimab plus EP were probably cost-effective for ES-SCLC in China, and serplulimab plus EP was probably cost-effective for ES-SCLC in the U.S. Lowering the price of ICIs and selecting ES-SCLC patients who were sensitive to ICIs could improve the cost-effectiveness of the ICIs-combined treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yilin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zheng
- School of Economics and Management, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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Zhang W, Li L, Zhou Z, Liu Q, Wang G, Liu D. Cost-effectiveness of Paxlovid in reducing severe COVID-19 and mortality in China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1174879. [PMID: 37404282 PMCID: PMC10315619 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1174879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess the cost-effectiveness of Paxlovid in reducing severe COVID-19 and its associated morality, and to investigate the affordable price of Paxlovid in China. Materials and methods Using a Markov model, two interventions by Paxlovid prescription (with and without prescription) were compared in terms of COVID-19-related clinical outcomes and economic loss. COVID-related costs were collected from the societal perspective. Effectiveness data were obtained from literature. The primary outcomes were total social cost, disability adjusted life-years (DALYs) and net monetary benefit (NMB). Scenario analyses were performed to investigate the affordable price of Paxlovid in China. Deterministic sensitivity analyses (DSA) and probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) were performed to verify the model robustness. Results Compared with the non-Paxlovid cohort, the NMBs of the Paxlovid cohort were only higher in the subgroup of patients aged over 80 years old, regardless of their vaccination status. Our scenario analysis found that, the price ceiling of Paxlovid/box for it to be cost-effective was RMB 8,993 (8,970-9,009) in those aged over 80 years old who were not vaccinated, which is the highest; and was RMB 35 (27-45) in those aged 40-59 years old who were vaccinated, which is the lowest. Sensitivity analyses found that the incremental NMB for the vaccinated people aged over 80 years was most sensitive to the efficacy of Paxlovid and the cost-effectiveness probability of Paxlovid increased with its decreasing price. Conclusion Under the current marketing price of Paxlovid/box (RMB 1,890), using Paxlovid was only cost-effective in people aged over 80 years old regardless of their vaccination status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Qiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guan Wang
- State-Owned Assets Management Department, Northwest University of Political Science and Law, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Abushanab D, Marquina C, Morton JI, Al-Badriyeh D, Lloyd M, Magliano DJ, Liew D, Ademi Z. Projecting the Health and Economic Burden of Cardiovascular Disease Among People with Type 2 Diabetes, 2022-2031. Pharmacoeconomics 2023; 41:719-732. [PMID: 36944908 PMCID: PMC10163134 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-023-01258-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to project the health and economic outcomes of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among people with type 2 diabetes from Australian public healthcare and societal perspectives over the next decade. METHODS A dynamic multistate model with yearly cycles was developed to project cardiovascular events among Australians with type 2 diabetes aged 40-89 years from 2022 to 2031. CVD risk (myocardial infarction [MI] and stroke) in the type 2 diabetes population was estimated using the 2013 pooled cohort equation, and recurrent cardiovascular event rates in the type 2 diabetes with established CVD population were obtained from the global Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) registry. Costs and utilities were derived from published sources. Outcomes included fatal and non-fatal MI and stroke, years of life lived, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), total healthcare costs, and total productivity losses. The annual discount rate was 5%, applied to outcomes and costs. RESULTS Between 2022 and 2031, a total of 83,618 non-fatal MIs (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 83,170-84,053) and 58,774 non-fatal strokes (95% UI 58,458-59,013) were projected. Total years of life lived and QALYs (discounted) were projected to be 9,549,487 (95% UI 9,416,423-9,654,043) and 6,632,897 (95% UI 5,065,606-7,591,679), respectively. Total healthcare costs and total lost productivity costs (discounted) were projected to be 9.59 billion Australian dollars (AU$) (95% UI 1.90-30.45 billion) and AU$9.07 billion (95% UI 663.53 million-33.19 billion), respectively. CONCLUSIONS CVD in people with type 2 diabetes will substantially impact the Australian healthcare system and society over the next decade. Future work to investigate different strategies to optimize the control of risk factors for the prevention and treatment of CVD in type 2 diabetes in Australia is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Abushanab
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Clara Marquina
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jedidiah I Morton
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Diabetes and Population Health, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Melanie Lloyd
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dianna J Magliano
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Diabetes and Population Health, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danny Liew
- The Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Zanfina Ademi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Pulleyblank R, Larsen NB. Cost-Effectiveness of Semaglutide vs. Empagliflozin, Canagliflozin, and Sitagliptin for Treatment of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Denmark: A Decision-Analytic Modelling Study. Pharmacoecon Open 2023:10.1007/s41669-023-00416-z. [PMID: 37178435 DOI: 10.1007/s41669-023-00416-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of oral and subcutaneous semaglutide versus other oral glucose-lowering drugs (i.e., empagliflozin, canagliflozin, and sitagliptin) for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Denmark using clinically relevant treatment intensification rules. METHODS A Markov-type cohort model for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of treatment pathways for T2D was used to produce cost-effectiveness estimates based on four head-to-head trials. Evidence from PIONEER 2 and 3 trials was used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of oral semaglutide vs. empagliflozin and sitagliptin. Evidence from SUSTAIN 2 and 8 trials was used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of subcutaneous semaglutide vs. sitagliptin and canagliflozin. Base case analyses used trial product estimands of treatment efficacy to avoid the confounding effects of rescue medication use during trials. Deterministic scenario analyses and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess robustness of cost-effectiveness estimates. RESULTS Semaglutide-based treatment regimens were consistently associated with higher lifetime diabetes treatment costs, lower costs of complications, and higher lifetime accumulated QALYs. The PIONEER 2 analysis estimated the cost-effectiveness of oral semaglutide vs. empagliflozin was DKK 150,618/QALY (€20,189). The PIONEER 3 analysis estimated the cost-effectiveness of oral semaglutide vs. sitagliptin was DKK 95,093/QALY (€12,746). The SUSTAIN 2 analysis estimated the cost-effectiveness of subcutaneous semaglutide vs. sitagliptin was DKK 79,982/QALY (€10,721). The SUSTAIN 8 analysis estimated the cost-effectiveness of subcutaneous semaglutide vs. canagliflozin was DKK 167,664/QALY (€22,474). CONCLUSIONS Daily oral and weekly subcutaneous semaglutide are likely to both increase cost and health benefits, but are likely to do so under commonly considered cost-effectiveness thresholds. TRIAL REGISTRATIONS Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02863328 (PIONEER 2; registered August 11, 2016); NCT02607865 (PIONEER 3; registered November 18, 2015); NCT01930188 (SUSTAIN 2; registered August 28, 2013); NCT03136484 (SUSTAIN 8; registered May 2, 2017).
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Jacob J, Stunden C, Deenadayalan D, Thomas L. Economic Evaluation Comparing Virtual Reality with Child Life Programming for Non-sedated Pediatric Medical Imaging: A Cost-Consequence Analysis. Pharmacoecon Open 2023; 7:417-429. [PMID: 37041324 PMCID: PMC10089375 DOI: 10.1007/s41669-023-00409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Effective preparation of children for hospital procedures, including non-sedated medical imaging, is an important clinical issue. This study aimed to assess the costs and consequences (effects) of preparing pediatric patients using two methods of delivering preparation for a scheduled magnetic resonance image (MRI)-virtual reality (VR-MRI) and a certified Child Life Program (CLP). METHODS A cost-consequence analysis (CCA) was performed using a societal perspective in Canada. The CCA catalogs a wide range of costs and consequences of VR-MRI compared with a CLP. The evaluation uses data from a prior randomized clinical trial evaluating VR and a CLP in a simulated trial. The economic evaluation encompassed health-related effects, including anxiety, safety and adverse events, and non-health effects, including preparation time, displaced time from usual activities, workload capacity, patient-specific adaptation, administrative burden, and user-experience metrics. The costs have been categorized into hospital operational costs, travel costs, other patient costs, and societal costs. RESULTS VR-MRI has similar benefits to the CLP in managing anxiety, safety and adverse events, as well as converting patients to non-sedated medical imaging. Preparation time and patient-specific adaptation are in favor of the CLP, while displaced time from usual activities, potential workload capacity, and administrative burden are in favor of VR-MRI. Both programs rank favorably in terms of user experience. The hospital operational costs ranged in Canadian dollars (CAN$) from CAN$32.07 for the CLP to between CAN$107.37 and CAN$129.73 for VR-MRI. Travel costs ranged from CAN$50.58 to CAN$2365.18 depending on travel distance for the CLP, and CAN$0 for VR-MRI. Other patient costs involved caregiver time off, and ranged from CAN$190.69 to CAN$$1144.16 for the CLP and CAN$47.67 for VR-MRI. The total cost for the CLP ranged from CAN$315.16 (CAN$277.91-$426.64) to CAN$3843.41 (CAN$3196.59-$4849.91) per patient depending on travel distance and amount of administrative support required, while VR-MRI preparation ranged from CAN$178.30 (CAN$178.20-$188.76) to CAN$283.85 (CAN$283.71-$298.40) per patient. For every instance where patient travel to visit a Certified Child Life Specialist (CCLS) onsite was replaced with VR-MRI, between CAN$119.01 and CAN$3364.62 total costs could be saved per patient. CONCLUSIONS While it is neither feasible nor appropriate to replace all preparation with VR, using VR to reach children who cannot otherwise visit the CLP onsite could increase access to quality preparation, and using VR in place of the CLP where clinically indicated could reduce the overall costs for patients, the hospital, and society. Our CCA gives decision makers a cost analysis and the relevant effects of each preparation program so they can value the VR and CLP programs more broadly within the potential health and non-health outcomes of pediatric patients scheduled for MRI at their facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Jacob
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2D19-4480, Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3V4, Canada.
- Digital Lab at BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- City University of London, London, UK.
| | - Chelsea Stunden
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2D19-4480, Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3V4, Canada
- Digital Lab at BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dhayanand Deenadayalan
- Digital Lab at BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Western University, Ivey School of Business, London, ON, Canada
| | - Luke Thomas
- Digital Lab at BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Hiligsmann M, Silverman SS, Singer AJ, Pearman L, Mathew J, Wang Y, Caminis J, Reginster JY. Cost-Effectiveness of Sequential Abaloparatide/Alendronate in Men at High Risk of Fractures in the United States. Pharmacoeconomics 2023; 41:819-830. [PMID: 37086385 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-023-01270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Abaloparatide (ABL) significantly increases bone mineral density in men with osteoporosis similar to what was reported in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The cost effectiveness of sequential treatment with ABL followed by alendronate (ALN) in men at high fracture risk was compared to relevant alternative treatments. METHODS A Markov-based microsimulation model based on a lifetime US healthcare decision maker perspective was developed to evaluate the cost (expressed in US$2021) per quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained of sequential ABL/ALN. Comparators were sequential treatment unbranded teriparatide (TPTD)/ALN, generic ALN monotherapy, and no treatment. Discount rates of 3% were used. Consistent with practice guidelines, patients received 18 months of ABL or TPTD followed by ALN for 5 years, or 5 years of ALN monotherapy. Analyses were conducted in high-risk men aged over 50 years defined as having a bone mineral density T-score ≤-2.5 and a recent fracture. Time-specific risk of subsequent fracture after a recent fracture, incremental costs up to 5 years following fractures, real-world medication adherence, and mostly US men-specific data were included in the model. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of results. RESULTS Over the full age range, sequential ABL/ALN led to more QALYs for lower costs than sequential unbranded TPTD/ALN, while no treatment was dominated (more QALYs, lower costs) by ALN monotherapy. The costs per QALY gained of sequential ABL/ALN were lower than the US threshold of US$150,000 versus generic ALN monotherapy. The probabilities that sequential ABL/ALN was cost effective compared to ALN monotherapy were estimated at 51% in men aged 50 years and between 88 and 90% in those aged ≥ 60 years. CONCLUSIONS Sequential therapy using ABL/ALN may be cost effective compared with generic ALN monotherapy in US men aged ≥ 50 years at high fracture risk, especially in those aged ≥ 60 years. Unbranded TPTD/ALN and no treatment were dominated interventions (less QALY, more costs) compared with ABL/ALN or ALN monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Hiligsmann
- Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Stuart S Silverman
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles and the OMC Clinical Research Center, Beverly Hills, CA, USA
| | - Andrea J Singer
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean-Yves Reginster
- Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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21
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Tan C, Luo X, Zhou Z, Zeng X, Wan X, Yi L, Liu Q. Dynamic zero-COVID strategy in controlling COVID-19 in Shanghai, China: A cost-effectiveness analysis. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:893-900. [PMID: 37062164 PMCID: PMC10085878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sustainability and generalizability of China's dynamic zero-COVID strategy on eliminating SARS-CoV-2 transmission has casted doubt globally, mainly because it has exacted high social and economic cost. This study aimed to estimate the disease burden during the first wave of Omicron in China and compared the cost-effectiveness of implementing a Real-world strategy (adjusted dynamic zero-COVID strategy) with two simulated strategies (routine and stricter dynamic zero-COVID strategy) to inform appropriate strategies for COVID-19 pandemic control. METHODS A dynamic state-transition simulation model was developed to compare the health and cost outcomes between different dynamic zero-COVID strategies. Omicron-related healthcare costs were estimated from the societal perspective. Epidemiological parameter values were derived from data of real-world or generated by model calibration; costs and effectiveness parameter values were informed either by local data or published literature. The primary outcomes were total social cost, disability adjusted life-years (DALYs) and net monetary benefit (NMB). Deterministic sensitivity analyses (DSA) and scenario analyses were performed to assess the model robustness. RESULTS The first wave of Omicron in Shanghai resulted in 47,646 DALYs lost and 415 billion RMB losses. At a willingness-to-pay threshold of 173,630 RMB (the GDP per capita of Shanghai in 2021) per DALY saved, the Real-world strategy was considered as the most cost-effective strategy due to its highest NMB (-407 billion). Results from DSA confirmed the robustness of our findings. CONCLUSION Our finding supported the Real-world strategy taken by the Shanghai Municipal Government between March 1 and May 21, 2022 to control the first wave of Omicron outbreak. Moreover, our results indicated that whether the Stricter dynamic zero-COVID strategy is worth implementing at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak mainly depended on the infection rate of COVID-19 among primary contacts. Our analysis provides important evidence to inform policy makers to make appropriate decisions regarding COVID-19 pandemic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongqing Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiaohui Zeng
- PET-CT Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaomin Wan
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lidan Yi
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
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22
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Wang Z, Lou Y, Wang Q, Sun M, Li X, Wang Y, Wang Y. Sacubitril/Valsartan for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis from the Perspective of the Chinese Healthcare System. Clin Drug Investig 2023; 43:265-275. [PMID: 36976423 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-023-01249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Sacubitril/valsartan has shown effectiveness in reducing hospitalization compared with valsartan in HFpEF patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We aimed to investigate the cost effectiveness of sacubitril/valsartan as an alternative to valsartan in Chinese patients with heart failure with HFpEF. METHODS A Markov model was built to investigate the cost effectiveness of sacubitril/valsartan as an alternative to valsartan in Chinese patients with HFpEF, from the healthcare system perspective. The time horizon was a lifetime, with a cycle length of 1 month. Costs were obtained from local information or published papers, discounted at a rate of 0.05 for future costs. The transition probability and utility were based on other studies. The primary outcome of the study was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Sacubitril/valsartan was considered cost effective if the ICER obtained was lower than the willingness-to-pay threshold of US dollars (US$) 12,551.5 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses, as well as scenario analysis, were performed to test robustness. RESULTS Over a lifetime simulation, a 73-year-old Chinese patient with HFpEF could gain 6.44 QALYs (9.15 life-years) if sacubitril/valsartan plus standard treatment was administered, and 6.37 QALYs (9.07 life-years) if valsartan plus standard treatment was prescribed. The corresponding costs in both groups were US$12,471 and US$8663, respectively. The ICER was US$49,019/QALY (US$46,610/life-year), higher than the willingness-to-pay threshold. Sensitivity analyses and scenario analysis showed that our results were robust. CONCLUSION Adding sacubitril/valsartan to standard treatment as an alternative to valsartan for the treatment of HFpEF resulted in more effectiveness but higher costs. Sacubitril/valsartan was likely to not be cost effective in Chinese patients with HFpEF. The cost of sacubitril/valsartan needs to reduce to 34% of its current price to be cost effective in this population. Studies based on real-world data are needed to confirm our conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yake Lou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Yu X, Hao Y, Zhu Z, Zhang W, Liu B, Ma M, Zhang X, Wei N, Wang J, Liu F. Vericiguat for the Treatment of Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction Following a Worsening Heart Failure Event: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis from the Perspective of Chinese Healthcare Providers. Clin Drug Investig 2023; 43:241-250. [PMID: 36929485 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-023-01253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Approximately 38 million people worldwide experience heart failure (HF), with more than 10 million in China. Heart failure exacerbations are the main cause of HF hospitalization, and hospitalizations are the main driver of HF-associated costs. Vericiguat is recommended to treat patients who have had worsening HF despite guideline-directed medical therapy. However, the cost effectiveness of adding vericiguat to the standard treatment of this population in China remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the cost effectiveness of adding vericiguat to standard treatment in patients with HF in the Chinese population METHODS: A lifetime Markov model with a 1-month cycle length was developed to compare the cost effectiveness of vericiguat plus standard treatment versus standard treatment alone in Chinese patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction following an HF exacerbation, from the perspective of Chinese healthcare providers. The clinical data were obtained from the VICTORIA study. The cost was accessed from our institution or studies conducted in China. The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, representing incremental cost per incremental quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). Vericiguat was considered highly cost effective if the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio obtained was lower than 12,551 USD/QALY, cost effective if the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was between 12,551 and 37,654.5 USD/QALY, and not cost effective if the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was higher than 37,654.5 USD/QALY. A scenario analysis, one-way sensitivity analysis, and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were performed to test the robustness of the results. RESULTS For a 67-year-old patient with HF following an HF exacerbation, the lifetime cost was 17,721 USD if vericiguat plus standard treatment was given, compared to 7907 USD if standard treatment alone was prescribed. The corresponding effectiveness was 2.20 QALY and 2.10 QALY, respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of vericiguat plus standard treatment versus standard treatment alone in Chinese patients with HF was 89,429 USD/QALY, higher than the willingness-to-pay threshold of 37654.5 USD/QALY. The scenario analysis and sensitivity analysis showed the robustness of our results. CONCLUSIONS The addition of vericiguat to the treatment regimen of Chinese patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction following an HF exacerbation resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $89,429 USD/QALY compared to standard treatment. This incremental cost-effectiveness ratio exceeds the willingness-to-pay threshold and thus, vericiguat was deemed not cost effective in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyou Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Hao
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanfang Zhu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Meijuan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junkui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuqiang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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Chueh CH, Tsai YW, Chen ZR, Shiu MN, Wen YW, Chiang NJ. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of a New Second-Line Treatment Regimen for Advanced Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Biomarker-Driven Targeted Therapy of Pemigatinib Versus 5-FU Chemotherapy. Pharmacoeconomics 2023; 41:307-319. [PMID: 36575331 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-022-01227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommends a second-line treatment of pemigatinib for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) fusions/rearrangements and modified FOLFOX (mFOLFOX) for those without FGFR2 alterations. However, these regimens are not yet covered by Taiwa's National Health Insurance. This cost-effectiveness analysis evaluated the cost-effectiveness of the pemigatinib/mFOLFOX regimen as the second-line treatment for advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma based on FGFR2 status in comparison with the regimen of fluorouracil chemotherapy and provided a cost-effectiveness analysis-based reference price for pemigatinib. METHODS A three-state partitioned survival model with a 5-year time horizon was constructed for patients with advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma who did not respond to first-line therapy. Overall and progression-free survival functions of pemigatinib, mFOLFOX, and fluorouracil were estimated from the FIGHT-202, ABC-06, and NIFTY trials, respectively. The utility of health states and disutility of adverse events were obtained from the literature. The genetic testing fee and price of pemigatinib were set as the market price. Other costs related to advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma were calculated using National Health Insurance claims data. The willingness-to-pay threshold was three times the gross domestic product per capita in 2021 (NT$2,889,684). A 3% discount rate was applied to quality-adjusted life-years and costs. Scenario analyses included a gradual price reduction of pemigatinib, alternative survival models, application of a National Health Insurance payment conversion factor to non-medication costs, and consideration of life-years as effectiveness. A deterministic sensitivity analysis, probabilistic sensitivity analysis, and a value of information analysis were performed. RESULTS The new regimen provided an incremental 0.13 quality-adjusted life-years, with incremental costs of NT$459,697, yielding an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of NT$3,411,098 per quality-adjusted life-year and an incremental net monetary benefit of - NT$70,268. The new regimen was found to be 53.2% cost effective in the probabilistic sensitivity analysis. The expected value of uncertainty measured by the expected value of perfect information was NT$80,695/person. In scenario analyses, the incremental net monetary benefit was positive when the price of pemigatinib was reduced by 40% or more. When applying a conversion factor to non-medical costs, the probability of the new regimen being cost effective was slightly increased from 53.2 to 56.5% compared with the base-case analysis. The utility and the cost of the new regimen were the main drivers of uncertainty. CONCLUSIONS Although the new second-line genetic-based and biomarker-driven regimen of pemigatinib/mFOLFOX appears not cost effective for patients with advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the base-case analysis, our analysis suggests it is highly likely to be cost effective in the case of a 40% price reduction on pemigatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Han Chueh
- Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 112304, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Tsai
- Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 112304, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Zi-Rong Chen
- Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 112304, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Neng Shiu
- Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 112304, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Wen
- Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Jung Chiang
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 112201, Taipei, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Zheng Z, Song X, Qiu G, Xu S, Cai H. Cost-effectiveness analysis of pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy for patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer in China. Curr Med Res Opin 2023; 39:433-440. [PMID: 36757780 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2023.2178081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of adding pembrolizumab to various therapy combinations in patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer from the Chinese perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS The clinical data for our model was taken from the KEYNOTE-826 trial. The direct costs and utilities were collected from local price databases or previously published literature. A three-state partitioned survival model was designed to simulate the disease process of patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer. All costs were estimated in US dollars, with an annual RMB exchange rate of $1 to 6.45 Yuan in 2021. The willingness to pay threshold (WTP) was set at US$37,663.26/QALY. One-way sensitivity analyses and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the influence of variables on the model parameters. RESULTS For patients with a programmed death-ligand 1 combined positive score greater than 1,compared to the chemotherapy group, pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy contributed an incremental 1.12 Quality-adjusted Life Years (QALYs) with an incremental cost of US$71,884.42, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of US$64,338.19, which is beyond the willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of China. According to sensitivity analyses, the ICERs were most sensitive to the utility of progressive disease and the cost of pembrolizumab. However, those parameters had no significant impact on the model's outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The addition of pembrolizumab to various therapy combinations chemotherapy is exorbitant and may not be cost-effective for patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaobing Song
- Department of Quality Management, Ganzhou Fifth People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Guodong Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Siqi Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hongfu Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Xie W, Song Y, Qin X, Jin P. Cost-Effectiveness of Evolocumab in Adult Patients with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease from Chinese Healthcare Perspective. Adv Ther 2023; 40:489-503. [PMID: 36371480 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-022-02372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To assess the cost-effectiveness of evolocumab with statins versus placebo combined with statins in the treatment of adult patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels > 70 mg/dl after the maximum tolerable dose of statin therapy in China. METHODS A Markov model, based on data from the FOURIER trial, claims databases, and published literature, was used to compare the health outcomes of the two therapies from the perspective of Chinese healthcare system. The time horizon in the model was a lifetime, the cycle length was a year, and the discount rate was 5%. The output indicators of the model included direct medical costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). Sensitivity analyses were conducted on critical parameters such as cost, utility, and incidence of cardiovascular events to evaluate the effect of uncertainty in parameters and the robustness of the model. RESULTS In Chinese adult patients with ASCVD and LDL-C levels > 70 mg/dl, evolocumab was associated with incremental QALYs of 1.25 and incremental costs of 18,714 CNY versus placebo, both with a statin therapy, resulting in an ICER of 14,969 CNY/QALY gained, which was less than the willingness to pay (WTP) threshold (80,976 CNY/QALY, a capita GDP of China, 2021). The result of one-way sensitivity analysis indicated that when the effect of evolocumab on myocardial infarction (MI) rate after the first year varied, ICER changed the most. The results of probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that the probability of evolocumab added to statins being cost-effective at a threshold of 80,976 CNY/QALY was 100%. CONCLUSION Compared with placebo and statin therapy combination, evolocumab added to statin therapy for adult patients with ASCVD and LDL-C > 70 mg/dl in China is cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Xie
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinyin Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Qin
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Hu T, Liu Y, Lou Y. Sacubitril-valsartan versus enalapril for the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure in Chinese settings: A cost-effectiveness analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:925375. [PMID: 36937882 PMCID: PMC10018029 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.925375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The episode of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is the main cause of hospitalization for heart failure (HF). Sacubitril-valsartan has been proven to be effective in reducing the risks of hospitalization for HF in ADHF. When to initiate sacubitril-valsartan in ADHF to make it the most cost-effective in China remains unclear. Methods: A lifetime Markov model with a 1-month cycle length was developed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of early or late initiation of sacubitril-valsartan versus enalapril in ADHF. Early initiation of sacubitril-valsartan meant that it was initiated after stabilization from ADHF, and late initiation of sacubitril-valsartan meant that it was initiated after stabilization from HF, which includes no hospitalization for at least three consecutive months. The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), expressed as the ratio of incremental cost to incremental effectiveness. The secondary outcomes were total costs and total effectiveness. Three times of per capita GDP of China in 2021 was set as the willingness-to-pay threshold. One-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were employed to test the robustness of the results. Results: The early initiation of sacubitril-valsartan treatment resulted in an ICER of 3,662.4 USD per quality-adjusted life year, lower than the willingness-to-pay threshold, and the late initiation of sacubitril-valsartan treatment gained an ICER of 4,444.4 USD/QALY, still lower than the willingness-to-pay threshold. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that our results were robust, and probabilistic sensitivity analysis suggested that early initiation of sacubitril-valsartan in ADHF was cost-effective under a 97.4% circumstance. Conclusion: Early initiation of sacubitril-valsartan after stabilization of ADHF is highly cost-effective compared with the use of enalapril; late initiation of sacubitril-valsartan after stabilization of HF is still cost-effective but not as cost-effective as early initiation of sacubitril-valsartan in ADHF. For Chinese ADHF patients, the time to initiate sacubitril-valsartan should be when the patient is stabilized from ADHF rather than when stabilized from HF, from the perspective of economic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Hu
- Precision Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiting Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yake Lou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Yake Lou,
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Li F, Liu M, Guo C, Xu R, Li F, Liu Z, Pan Y, Liu F, Liu Y, Cai H, He Z, Ke Y. Cost-effectiveness of precision screening for esophageal cancer based on individualized risk stratification in China: Real-world evidence from the ESECC trial. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1002693. [PMID: 36531057 PMCID: PMC9748682 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1002693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional universal endoscopic screening with pathology-based endoscopic re-examination for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is in need of reform in China. We established a "two-step" precision screening strategy using two risk prediction models and have evaluated the cost-effectiveness of this precision strategy compared with the traditional strategy based on a large population-level randomized controlled trial from a healthcare provider's perspective. METHODS Four precision screening strategies with different risk cutoffs at baseline screening and endoscopic surveillance were constructed, and then compared with traditional strategy through modeling using subjects from the screening cohort of the ESECC (Endoscopic Screening for Esophageal Cancer in China) trial. Total screening costs and the number of SDA (severe dysplasia and above in lesions of the esophagus) cases were obtained to calculate the average screening cost per SDA detected, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and protection rates. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate uncertainties. RESULTS Compared to traditional strategy, all precision screening strategies have much lower average costs for detection of one SDA case ($7,148~$11,537 vs. $14,944). In addition, precision strategies 1&2 (strategies 1,2,3,4 described below) achieved higher effectiveness (143~150 vs. 136) and higher protection rates (87.7%~92.0% vs. 83.4%) at lower cost ($1,649,727~$1,672,221 vs. $2,032,386), generating negative ICERs (-$54,666/SDA~-$25,726/SDA) when compared to the traditional strategy. The optimal strategies within different willingness-to-pay (WTP) ranges were all precision screening strategies, and higher model sensitivities were adopted as WTP increased. CONCLUSIONS Precision screening strategy for esophageal cancer based on risk stratification is more cost-effective than use of traditional screening strategy and has practical implications for esophageal cancer screening programs in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanhai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiping Xu
- Anyang Cancer Hospital, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Fenglei Li
- Hua County People’s Hospital, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghu He
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Ke
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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Lim KK, Koleva-Kolarova R, Fox-Rushby J. A Comparison of the Content and Consistency of Methodological Quality and Transferability Checklists for Reviewing Model-Based Economic Evaluations. Pharmacoeconomics 2022; 40:989-1003. [PMID: 35907179 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-022-01173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine whether and how the content of six checklists (Caro, Consensus on Health Economic Criteria [CHEC]-Extended, European Network of Health Economic Databases [EURONHEED], National Institute for Health and Care Excellence [NICE], Philips, Welte) affect the consistency in findings on methodological quality and transferability, using 10 model-based economic evaluations of genetic-guided pharmacotherapy for venous thromboembolism. METHODS Each checklist was categorised by domain (structure, data, consistency, etc.) and type of assessment (presence vs. appropriateness) and was applied to each study by two independent reviewers who agreed on ratings via consensus, and discussion with a third reviewer when necessary. Methodological quality scores and rankings were examined using Spearman correlation tests, with subgroup analyses for domains and types of assessment. We compared overall ratings of transferability qualitatively, including how content may affect what is considered 'transferable'. RESULTS The checklists had similar proportions of items judging presence and appropriateness, but varying proportions of items across domains. For methodological quality, ranking consistencies were the highest between CHEC-Extended-Philips, Philips-NICE and NICE-Caro, with similar consistencies for domains and type of assessment. For transferability, NICE and Caro identified the same study, which scored high on EURONHEED, as transferable to the UK, while Welte, which considered methodological quality, identified none as transferable. CONCLUSIONS We found that the choice of checklist can affect findings on study quality and decisions about whether study results are transferable, indicating that different checklists may shortlist different sets of studies in formulating policy recommendations, leading to different policy decisions. Our systematic approach for evaluating the content of methodological quality and transferability checklists of economic evaluations can be extended to other checklists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Keat Lim
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Rositsa Koleva-Kolarova
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Health Economics Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julia Fox-Rushby
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
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Kühl MJ, Gondwe T, Dhabangi A, Kwambai TK, Mori AT, Opoka R, John CC, Idro R, ter Kuile FO, Phiri KS, Robberstad B. Economic evaluation of postdischarge malaria chemoprevention in preschool children treated for severe anaemia in Malawi, Kenya, and Uganda: A cost-effectiveness analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 52:101669. [PMID: 36313146 PMCID: PMC9596312 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children hospitalised with severe anaemia in malaria-endemic areas are at a high risk of dying or being readmitted within six months of discharge. A trial in Kenya and Uganda showed that three months of postdischarge malaria chemoprevention (PDMC) with monthly dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) substantially reduced this risk. The World Health Organization recently included PDMC in its malaria chemoprevention guidelines. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of community-based PDMC delivery (supplying all three PDMC-DP courses to caregivers at discharge to administer at home), facility-based PDMC delivery (monthly dispensing of PDMC-DP at the hospital), and the standard of care (no PDMC). METHODS We combined data from two recently completed trials; one placebo-controlled trial in Kenya and Uganda collecting efficacy data (May 6, 2016 until November 15, 2018; n=1049), and one delivery mechanism trial from Malawi collecting adherence data (March 24, 2016 until October 3, 2018; n=375). Cost data were collected alongside both trials. Three Markov decision models, one each for Malawi, Kenya, and Uganda, were used to compute incremental cost-effectiveness ratios expressed as costs per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to account for uncertainty. FINDINGS Both PDMC strategies were cost-saving in each country, meaning less costly and more effective in increasing health-adjusted life expectancy than the standard of care. The estimated incremental cost savings for community-based PDMC compared to the standard of care were US$ 22·10 (Malawi), 38·52 (Kenya), and 26·23 (Uganda) per child treated. The incremental effectiveness gain using either PDMC strategy varied between 0·3 and 0·4 QALYs. Community-based PDMC was less costly and more effective than facility-based PDMC. These results remained robust in sensitivity analyses. INTERPRETATION PDMC under implementation conditions is cost-saving. Caregivers receiving PDMC at discharge is a cost-effective delivery strategy for implementation in malaria-endemic southeastern African settings. FUNDING Research Council of Norway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melf-Jakob Kühl
- Centre for International Health (CIH), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 17, 5009 Bergen, Norway
- Health Economics Leadership and Translational Ethics Research Group (HELTER), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 17, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Thandile Gondwe
- Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, 782 Mahatma Gandhi, Blantyre, Malawi
- Training and Research Unit of Excellence, 1 Kufa Road, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Aggrey Dhabangi
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Upper Mulago Hill Road, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Titus K. Kwambai
- Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Busia Rd, Kisumu, Kenya
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Amani T. Mori
- Chr. Michelsen Institute, Jekteviksbakken 31, 5006 Bergen, Norway
- Health Economics Leadership and Translational Ethics Research Group (HELTER), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 17, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Robert Opoka
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Upper Mulago Hill Road, Kampala, Uganda
| | - C. Chandy John
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 1044 W Walnut St, R4 402D Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Richard Idro
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Upper Mulago Hill Road, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Feiko O. ter Kuile
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Kamija S. Phiri
- Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, 782 Mahatma Gandhi, Blantyre, Malawi
- Training and Research Unit of Excellence, 1 Kufa Road, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Bjarne Robberstad
- Health Economics Leadership and Translational Ethics Research Group (HELTER), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 17, 5009 Bergen, Norway
- Corresponding author at: Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 17, 5009 Bergen, Norway.
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Zheng Z, Yang L, Xu S, Zhu H, Cai H. Cost-effectiveness analysis of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab compared with chemotherapy for patients with previously treated mismatch repair proficient advanced endometrial cancer in China. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:944931. [PMID: 36249813 PMCID: PMC9561308 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.944931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab (LP) vs. chemotherapy for patients with previously treated mismatch repair proficient advanced endometrial cancer in China. Methods: A lifetime of partitioned survival Markov was used to evaluate the overall lifetime, total costs, quality adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) across a 10-years time horizon in the study 309-KEYNOTE-775 clinical trial. Direct costs and utility values were gathered from available literature. The willingness to pay (WTP) was defined at $37,663.26 per QALY. Sensitivity analyses were carried out to determine the model's uncertainty. Results: According to the baseline analysis, the LP group gained 4.02 total life years and 3.13 QALYs for $93,496.69, whereas the chemotherapy group gained 2.86 total life years and 2.24 QALYs for $30,578.04. LP versus chemotherapy resulted in an incremental cost of $62,918.65, with an ICER of $70,962.09/QALY, which was higher than China's WTP threshold ($37,663.26/QALY). The ICERs were most sensitive to the cost of pembrolizumab and the cycle of LP delivered, according to the sensitivity analysis. However, changing the range of those parameters has no influence on the model's results. Conclusion: Our present analysis suggests that LP treatment is not cost-effective for patients with previously treated mismatch repair proficient advanced endometrial cancer. However, LP treatment may be a cost-effective treatment option if the price is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Siqi Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Huide Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hongfu Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Luo X, Zhou Z, Zeng X, Peng L, Liu Q. Cost-effectiveness of ensartinib, crizotinib, ceritinib, alectinib, brigatinib and lorlatinib in patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive non-small cell lung cancer in China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:985834. [PMID: 36211665 PMCID: PMC9533130 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.985834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Six anaplastic lymphoma kinase-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK-TKIs), including one domestic (ensartinib) and five imported ALK-TKIs (crizotinib, ceritinib, alectinib, brigatinib, and lorlatinib), have been recommended as first-line treatments for advanced ALK-positive NSCLC in China. This study sought to examine the cost-effectiveness of these six novel therapies in Chinese patients. Material and methods We constructed a Markov model to compare the cost-effectiveness of the six ALK-TKIs as a first-line treatment for patients with advanced ALK-positive NSCLC from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system. Transition probabilities were estimated by synthesizing data from the PROFILE 1,029 trial and a network meta-analysis. Health state utilities and costs were sourced from published literature, publicly available national databases, and local general hospitals. The robustness of model was assessed via deterministic sensitivity analyses and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Results Compared with crizotinib, ensartinib achieved additional 0.12 quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) with marginal costs of $3,249, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $27,553/ QALY. When compared with ceritinib and brigatinib, ensartinib achieved additional 0.06 and 0.03 QALYs with substantially reduced costs. When compared with lorlatinib and alectinib, ensartinib was associated with a lower QALY and decreased total costs; the ICERs for lorlatinib and alectinib were $934,101/ QALY and $164,888/ QALY, respectively. Conclusion For Chinese patients with advanced ALK-positive NSCLC, ensartinib was a cost-effective option compared with crizotinib, and was a dominant alternative to ceritinib and brigatinib. Although lorlatinib and alectinib were associated with prolonged survival compared with ensartinib, they were less cost-effective than ensartinib due to the overwhelming total costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Xiaohui Zeng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine/PET Image Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liubao Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Qiao Liu
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Zheng Z, Zhu H, Fang L, Cai H. Cost-effectiveness analysis of sugemalimab vs. chemotherapy as first-line treatment of metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:996914. [PMID: 36172187 PMCID: PMC9511109 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.996914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Sugemalimab is approved in China as a first-line treatment in combination with chemotherapy for metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of first-line additional sugemalimab in combination with chemotherapy vs. chemotherapy from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system. Materials and methods: A three-state Markov model was designed to evaluate the costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of first-line sugemalimab combination with chemotherapy vs. chemotherapy over a 10-year period. Data on clinical outcomes were obtained from GEMSTONE-302 clinical trials. Costs and health utilities were collected from local databases and published literature. The uncertainty of the model parameters was explored through sensitivity analysis. Results: Compared to chemotherapy, sugemalimab treatment for NSCLC resulted in an extra 0.50 QALYs at an additional cost of $73627.99, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of 148354.07/QALY at the willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $37663.26/QALY. One-way sensitivity analysis indicated that the primary motivator in this model was the cost of sugemalimab. However, none of the parameters significantly affected the model's results. Conclusion: Sugemalimab combination therapy is not economically advantageous for the first-line management of metastatic non-squamous NSCLC, according to the Chinese healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Huide Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ling Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hongfu Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Choo YW, Mohd Tahir NA, Mohamed Said MS, Li SC, Makmor Bakry M. Cost-effectiveness of Denosumab for the Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Malaysia. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:1909-1923. [PMID: 35641572 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-022-06444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED From the perspective of Malaysian health care providers, denosumab was cost-effective in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, with an optimal outcome starting at age 60 years. Our results provide important insights into the value for money of anti-osteoporotic agents that can serve as a reference for other countries with comparable epidemiological data. INTRODUCTION The study aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness of denosumab with alendronate and no treatment in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis among the Malaysian population. METHODS A well-validated Markov model was used to estimate the cost-effectiveness of denosumab in a hypothetical cohort of postmenopausal osteoporotic women between 50 and 80 years old who had no history of fractures. A 10-year time horizon from the perspective of Malaysian health care providers was used in this analysis. The model parameters, including transition probabilities and costs, were based on Malaysian sources. Treatment efficacy data were obtained from a network meta-analysis. The study outcomes were presented as incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. Sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure the robustness of the results. A cost-effectiveness threshold was set at MYR 21,438 (USD 5175) per QALY. RESULTS Denosumab was found to be a cost-effective option for postmenopausal osteoporotic women aged 60 and older. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for denosumab versus alendronate ranged from MYR 16,955 (USD 4093) per QALY at age 60 to MYR 4380 (USD 1057) per QALY at age 80. The cost-effectiveness of denosumab improved monotonically with increasing age. Denosumab was 72.8-92.7% likely to be cost-effective at the cost-effectiveness threshold. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the results were robust across all parameter variations, with the annual cost of denosumab being the most sensitive. CONCLUSIONS From the perspective of the Malaysian health care provider, denosumab appears to be a cost-effective treatment choice for postmenopausal osteoporotic women over 60 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Choo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Pharmacy Department, Kuala Lipis Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 27200, Kuala Lipis , Pahang, Malaysia
| | - N A Mohd Tahir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - M S Mohamed Said
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - S C Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - M Makmor Bakry
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Zhang Y, Wei Y, Li H, Chen Y, Guo Y, Han S, Shi L, Guan X. Prices and Clinical Benefit of National Price-Negotiated Anticancer Medicines in China. Pharmacoeconomics 2022; 40:715-724. [PMID: 35764914 PMCID: PMC9270265 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-022-01161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High prices of anticancer medicines have increased the economic burden for both patients and health insurance systems. Since 2017, China has implemented national price negotiations for medicines, relying on evidence from health technology assessments. We aim to assess the relation between negotiated price and value of anticancer medicines listed in China's National Reimbursement Drug List (NRDL). METHODS For all price-negotiated anticancer medicines and corresponding indications listed in the latest NRDL between 2017 and 2020, we collected their clinical outcomes data, including overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), in supporting trials. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to estimate the association between the daily cost and clinical benefit of each indication. RESULTS In total, 75 indications of 46 branded anticancer medicines were included for analysis. The median daily costs for the anticancer therapies that had gone through negotiation in 2017-2020 were US$87.6, US$71.8, US$58.9, and US$39.7, respectively. For indications supported by randomized trials, no correlation between daily costs and OS and PFS benefit of the price-negotiated cancer therapies was observed (N = 41, r = -0.05, and N = 49, r = 0.04, respectively). For cancer indications newly listed in NRDL in 2020, the association between their daily cost and OS benefit was -0.78 (N = 4, p = 0.221) and 0.01 (N = 8, p = 0.986) before and after the price negotiation. CONCLUSION Though the negotiation policy decreased prices of anticancer medicines in China, no statistically significant correlation was observed between their daily costs and clinical benefits. A more transparent and credible pricing approach needs to be established to promote value-based anticancer medicines and healthcare system efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijng, China
| | - Yuxuan Wei
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijng, China
- Fanhai International School of Finance, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huangqianyu Li
- International Research Centre for Medicinal Administration, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijng, China
| | - Yiran Guo
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijng, China
| | - Sheng Han
- International Research Centre for Medicinal Administration, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Luwen Shi
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijng, China
- International Research Centre for Medicinal Administration, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Guan
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijng, China.
- International Research Centre for Medicinal Administration, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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