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Meissner JM, Chmielińska A, Ofri R, Cisło-Sankowska A, Marycz K. Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Equine Adipose-Derived Stromal Stem Cells (ASCs) Mitigate Tunicamycin-Induced ER Stress in Equine Corneal Stromal Stem Cells (CSSCs). Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3251-3277. [PMID: 38666934 PMCID: PMC11048834 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Corneal ulcers, characterized by severe inflammation of the cornea, can lead to serious, debilitating complications and may be vision-threatening for horses. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in corneal stem progenitor cell (CSSC) dysfunction and explore the potential of equine adipose-derived stromal stem cell (ASC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) to improve corneal wound healing. We showed that CSSCs expressed high levels of CD44, CD45, and CD90 surface markers, indicating their stemness. Supplementation of the ER-stress-inducer tunicamycin to CSSCs resulted in reduced proliferative and migratory potential, accumulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stressed cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, increased expression of proinflammatory genes, induced oxidative stress and sustained ER stress, and unfolded protein response (UPR). Importantly, treatment with EVs increased the proliferative activity and number of cells in the G2/Mitosis phase, enhanced migratory ability, suppressed the overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines, and upregulated the anti-inflammatory miRNA-146a-5p, compared to control and/or ER-stressed cells. Additionally, EVs lowered the expression of ER-stress master regulators and effectors (PERK, IRE1, ATF6, and XBP1), increased the number of mitochondria, and reduced the expression of Fis-1 and Parkin, thereby promoting metabolic homeostasis and protecting against apoptosis in equine CSSCs. Our findings demonstrate that MSCs-derived EVs represent an innovative and promising therapeutic strategy for the transfer of bioactive mediators which regulate various cellular and molecular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna M. Meissner
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Chmielińska
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11, Malin, 55-114 Wisznia Mala, Poland; (A.C.); (A.C.-S.)
| | - Ron Ofri
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel;
| | - Anna Cisło-Sankowska
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11, Malin, 55-114 Wisznia Mala, Poland; (A.C.); (A.C.-S.)
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11, Malin, 55-114 Wisznia Mala, Poland; (A.C.); (A.C.-S.)
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95516, USA
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2
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Wang Y, Liu X, Wang B, Sun H, Ren Y, Zhang H. Compounding engineered mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: A potential rescue strategy for retinal degeneration. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116424. [PMID: 38471273 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of retinal degenerative diseases, including age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa, has been increasing globally and is linked to the aging population and improved life expectancy. These diseases are characterized by chronic, progressive neuronal damage or depletion of the photoreceptor cells in the retina, and limited effective treatment options are currently available. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-EXOs) containing cytokines, growth factors, lipids, mRNA, and miRNA, which act as mediators of intercellular communication transferring bioactive molecules to recipient cells, offer an appealing, non-cellular nanotherapeutic approach for retinal degenerative diseases. However, treatment specificity is compromised due to their high heterogeneity in size, content, functional effects, and parental cellular source. To improve this, engineered MSC-EXOs with increased drug-loading capacity, targeting ability, and resistance to bodily degradation and elimination have been developed. This review summarizes the recent advances in miRNAs of MSC-EXOs as a treatment for retinal degeneration, discussing the strategies and methods for engineering therapeutic MSC-EXOs. Notably, to address the single functional role of engineered MSC-EXOs, we propose a novel concept called "Compound Engineered MSC-EXOs (Co-E-MSC-EXOs)" along with its derived potential therapeutic approaches. The advantages and challenges of employing Co-E-MSC-EXOs for retinal degeneration in clinical applications, as well as the strategies and issues related to them, are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.1 hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710002, China.
| | - Xianning Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.1 hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710002, China
| | - Bei Wang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Hanhan Sun
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yiqian Ren
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.1 hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710002, China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.1 hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710002, China.
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3
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Salama RM, Eissa N, Doghish AS, Abulsoud AI, Abdelmaksoud NM, Mohammed OA, Abdel Mageed SS, Darwish SF. Decoding the secrets of longevity: unraveling nutraceutical and miRNA-Mediated aging pathways and therapeutic strategies. Front Aging 2024; 5:1373741. [PMID: 38605867 PMCID: PMC11007187 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1373741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNA molecules that are not involved in coding for proteins. They have a significant function in regulating gene expression after the process of transcription. Their participation in several biological processes has rendered them appealing subjects for investigating age-related disorders. Increasing data indicates that miRNAs can be influenced by dietary variables, such as macronutrients, micronutrients, trace minerals, and nutraceuticals. This review examines the influence of dietary factors and nutraceuticals on the regulation of miRNA in relation to the process of aging. We examine the present comprehension of miRNA disruption in age-related illnesses and emphasize the possibility of dietary manipulation as a means of prevention or treatment. Consolidating animal and human research is essential to validate the significance of dietary miRNA control in living organisms, despite the abundance of information already provided by several studies. This review elucidates the complex interaction among miRNAs, nutrition, and aging, offering valuable insights into promising areas for further research and potential therapies for age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania M. Salama
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermin Eissa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed S. Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I. Abulsoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Osama A. Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif S. Abdel Mageed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar F. Darwish
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
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4
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Arora S, Verma N. Exosomal microRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in corneal diseases. Mol Vis 2024; 30:92-106. [PMID: 38601014 PMCID: PMC11006010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicle (EV) that are released and found in almost all body fluids. Exosomes consist of and carry a variety of bioactive molecules, including genetic information in the form of microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNA, a type of small non-coding RNA, plays a key role in regulating genes by suppressing their translation. miRNAs are often disrupted in the pathophysiology of different conditions, including eye disease. The stability and easy detectability of exosomal miRNAs in body fluids make them promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of different diseases. Additionally, due to the natural delivery capabilities of exosomes, they can be modified to transport therapeutic miRNAs to specific recipient cells. Most exosome research has primarily focused on cancer, so there is limited research highlighting the importance of exosomes in ocular biology, particularly in cornea-associated pathologies. This review provides an overview of the existing evidence regarding the primary functions of exosomal miRNAs and their potential role in diagnostic and therapeutic applications in the human cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Arora
- Pharma Services Group, Patheon/Thermo Fisher Scientific, Florence, SC
| | - Nagendra Verma
- Eye Program, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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Verma PK, Kaur J. Systematic Review of Retinal Blood Vessels Segmentation Based on AI-driven Technique. J Imaging Inform Med 2024:10.1007/s10278-024-01010-3. [PMID: 38438695 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-024-01010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Image segmentation is a crucial task in computer vision and image processing, with numerous segmentation algorithms being found in the literature. It has important applications in scene understanding, medical image analysis, robotic perception, video surveillance, augmented reality, image compression, among others. In light of this, the widespread popularity of deep learning (DL) and machine learning has inspired the creation of fresh methods for segmenting images using DL and ML models respectively. We offer a thorough analysis of this recent literature, encompassing the range of ground-breaking initiatives in semantic and instance segmentation, including convolutional pixel-labeling networks, encoder-decoder architectures, multi-scale and pyramid-based methods, recurrent networks, visual attention models, and generative models in adversarial settings. We study the connections, benefits, and importance of various DL- and ML-based segmentation models; look at the most popular datasets; and evaluate results in this Literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Kumari Verma
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, 144008, Punjab, India.
| | - Jagdeep Kaur
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, 144008, Punjab, India
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Crespo-Garcia S, Fournier F, Diaz-Marin R, Klier S, Ragusa D, Masaki L, Cagnone G, Blot G, Hafiane I, Dejda A, Rizk R, Juneau R, Buscarlet M, Chorfi S, Patel P, Beltran PJ, Joyal JS, Rezende FA, Hata M, Nguyen A, Sullivan L, Damiano J, Wilson AM, Mallette FA, David NE, Ghosh A, Tsuruda PR, Dananberg J, Sapieha P. Therapeutic targeting of cellular senescence in diabetic macular edema: preclinical and phase 1 trial results. Nat Med 2024; 30:443-454. [PMID: 38321220 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Compromised vascular endothelial barrier function is a salient feature of diabetic complications such as sight-threatening diabetic macular edema (DME). Current standards of care for DME manage aspects of the disease, but require frequent intravitreal administration and are poorly effective in large subsets of patients. Here we provide evidence that an elevated burden of senescent cells in the retina triggers cardinal features of DME pathology and conduct an initial test of senolytic therapy in patients with DME. In cell culture models, sustained hyperglycemia provoked cellular senescence in subsets of vascular endothelial cells displaying perturbed transendothelial junctions associated with poor barrier function and leading to micro-inflammation. Pharmacological elimination of senescent cells in a mouse model of DME reduces diabetes-induced retinal vascular leakage and preserves retinal function. We then conducted a phase 1 single ascending dose safety study of UBX1325 (foselutoclax), a senolytic small-molecule inhibitor of BCL-xL, in patients with advanced DME for whom anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy was no longer considered beneficial. The primary objective of assessment of safety and tolerability of UBX1325 was achieved. Collectively, our data suggest that therapeutic targeting of senescent cells in the diabetic retina with a BCL-xL inhibitor may provide a long-lasting, disease-modifying intervention for DME. This hypothesis will need to be verified in larger clinical trials. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04537884 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Crespo-Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- École d'optométrie, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédérik Fournier
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roberto Diaz-Marin
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie (CUO-HMR) Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sharon Klier
- UNITY Biotechnology, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Derek Ragusa
- UNITY Biotechnology, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Gael Cagnone
- Departments of Pediatrics Ophthalmology, and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Blot
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ikhlas Hafiane
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie (CUO-HMR) Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Agnieszka Dejda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie (CUO-HMR) Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rana Rizk
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rachel Juneau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie (CUO-HMR) Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Manuel Buscarlet
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarah Chorfi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie (CUO-HMR) Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Jean-Sebastien Joyal
- Departments of Pediatrics Ophthalmology, and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Flavio A Rezende
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie (CUO-HMR) Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Masayuki Hata
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alex Nguyen
- UNITY Biotechnology, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Ariel M Wilson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie (CUO-HMR) Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédérick A Mallette
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Przemyslaw Sapieha
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie (CUO-HMR) Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- UNITY Biotechnology, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Nadeem A, Malik IA, Shariq F, Afridi EK, Taha M, Raufi N, Naveed AK, Iqbal J, Habte A. Advancements in the treatment of geographic atrophy: focus on pegcetacoplan in age-related macular degeneration. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:6067-6077. [PMID: 38098608 PMCID: PMC10718344 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Geographic atrophy (GA) is a progressive form of age-related macular degeneration characterized by the degeneration of retinal pigment epithelial cells and photoreceptor death. The dysregulation of the complement cascade has been implicated in GA progression. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration and GA, discusses current therapeutic options, and focuses on the recent breakthrough drug, pegcetacoplan (SYFOVRE). Pegcetacoplan is a complement inhibitor that selectively targets the C3 complement protein, effectively modulating complement activation. Clinical trials, including the OAKS and DERBY studies, have demonstrated the efficacy of SYFOVRE in reducing the growth of GA lesions compared to placebo. The FDA approval of SYFOVRE as the first and only definitive therapy for GA marks a significant milestone in the management of this debilitating condition. The review also explores potential future treatment strategies, including immune-modulating agents and ocular gene therapy. While SYFOVRE offers new hope for GA patients, further research is needed to evaluate its long-term benefits, safety profile, and optimal treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nahid Raufi
- Department of Medicine, Kabul Medical University, Afghanistan
| | - Ahmed K. Naveed
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi
| | - Javed Iqbal
- King Edward Medical University Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Alexander Habte
- Department of Surgery, Assab Military Hospital, Assab, Eritrea
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Shwani T, Zhang C, Owen LA, Shakoor A, Vitale AT, Lillvis JH, Barr JL, Cromwell P, Finley R, Husami N, Au E, Zavala RA, Graves EC, Zhang SX, Farkas MH, Ammar DA, Allison KM, Tawfik A, Sherva RM, Li M, Stambolian D, Kim IK, Farrer LA, DeAngelis MM. Patterns of Gene Expression, Splicing, and Allele-Specific Expression Vary among Macular Tissues and Clinical Stages of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Cells 2023; 12:2668. [PMID: 38067097 PMCID: PMC10705168 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness, and elucidating its underlying disease mechanisms is vital to the development of appropriate therapeutics. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially spliced genes (DSGs) across the clinical stages of AMD in disease-affected tissue, the macular retina pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroid and the macular neural retina within the same eye. We utilized 27 deeply phenotyped donor eyes (recovered within a 6 h postmortem interval time) from Caucasian donors (60-94 years) using a standardized published protocol. Significant findings were then validated in an independent set of well-characterized donor eyes (n = 85). There was limited overlap between DEGs and DSGs, suggesting distinct mechanisms at play in AMD pathophysiology. A greater number of previously reported AMD loci overlapped with DSGs compared to DEGs between disease states, and no DEG overlap with previously reported loci was found in the macular retina between disease states. Additionally, we explored allele-specific expression (ASE) in coding regions of previously reported AMD risk loci, uncovering a significant imbalance in C3 rs2230199 and CFH rs1061170 in the macular RPE/choroid for normal eyes and intermediate AMD (iAMD), and for CFH rs1061147 in the macular RPE/choroid for normal eyes and iAMD, and separately neovascular AMD (NEO). Only significant DEGs/DSGs from the macular RPE/choroid were found to overlap between disease states. STAT1, validated between the iAMD vs. normal comparison, and AGTPBP1, BBS5, CERKL, FGFBP2, KIFC3, RORα, and ZNF292, validated between the NEO vs. normal comparison, revealed an intricate regulatory network with transcription factors and miRNAs identifying potential upstream and downstream regulators. Findings regarding the complement genes C3 and CFH suggest that coding variants at these loci may influence AMD development via an imbalance of gene expression in a tissue-specific manner. Our study provides crucial insights into the multifaceted genomic underpinnings of AMD (i.e., tissue-specific gene expression changes, potential splice variation, and allelic imbalance), which may open new avenues for AMD diagnostics and therapies specific to iAMD and NEO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Treefa Shwani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (T.S.); (C.Z.); (L.A.O.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.B.); (P.C.); (R.F.); (N.H.); (E.A.); (R.A.Z.); (E.C.G.); (S.X.Z.); (M.H.F.)
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Charles Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (T.S.); (C.Z.); (L.A.O.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.B.); (P.C.); (R.F.); (N.H.); (E.A.); (R.A.Z.); (E.C.G.); (S.X.Z.); (M.H.F.)
| | - Leah A. Owen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (T.S.); (C.Z.); (L.A.O.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.B.); (P.C.); (R.F.); (N.H.); (E.A.); (R.A.Z.); (E.C.G.); (S.X.Z.); (M.H.F.)
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (A.S.); (A.T.V.)
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Akbar Shakoor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (A.S.); (A.T.V.)
| | - Albert T. Vitale
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (A.S.); (A.T.V.)
| | - John H. Lillvis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (T.S.); (C.Z.); (L.A.O.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.B.); (P.C.); (R.F.); (N.H.); (E.A.); (R.A.Z.); (E.C.G.); (S.X.Z.); (M.H.F.)
- Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14212, USA
| | - Julie L. Barr
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (T.S.); (C.Z.); (L.A.O.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.B.); (P.C.); (R.F.); (N.H.); (E.A.); (R.A.Z.); (E.C.G.); (S.X.Z.); (M.H.F.)
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Parker Cromwell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (T.S.); (C.Z.); (L.A.O.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.B.); (P.C.); (R.F.); (N.H.); (E.A.); (R.A.Z.); (E.C.G.); (S.X.Z.); (M.H.F.)
| | - Robert Finley
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (T.S.); (C.Z.); (L.A.O.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.B.); (P.C.); (R.F.); (N.H.); (E.A.); (R.A.Z.); (E.C.G.); (S.X.Z.); (M.H.F.)
| | - Nadine Husami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (T.S.); (C.Z.); (L.A.O.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.B.); (P.C.); (R.F.); (N.H.); (E.A.); (R.A.Z.); (E.C.G.); (S.X.Z.); (M.H.F.)
| | - Elizabeth Au
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (T.S.); (C.Z.); (L.A.O.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.B.); (P.C.); (R.F.); (N.H.); (E.A.); (R.A.Z.); (E.C.G.); (S.X.Z.); (M.H.F.)
| | - Rylee A. Zavala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (T.S.); (C.Z.); (L.A.O.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.B.); (P.C.); (R.F.); (N.H.); (E.A.); (R.A.Z.); (E.C.G.); (S.X.Z.); (M.H.F.)
| | - Elijah C. Graves
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (T.S.); (C.Z.); (L.A.O.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.B.); (P.C.); (R.F.); (N.H.); (E.A.); (R.A.Z.); (E.C.G.); (S.X.Z.); (M.H.F.)
| | - Sarah X. Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (T.S.); (C.Z.); (L.A.O.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.B.); (P.C.); (R.F.); (N.H.); (E.A.); (R.A.Z.); (E.C.G.); (S.X.Z.); (M.H.F.)
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Michael H. Farkas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (T.S.); (C.Z.); (L.A.O.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.B.); (P.C.); (R.F.); (N.H.); (E.A.); (R.A.Z.); (E.C.G.); (S.X.Z.); (M.H.F.)
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14212, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - David A. Ammar
- Lion’s Eye Institute for Transplant & Research, Tampa, FL 33605, USA;
| | - Karen M. Allison
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Amany Tawfik
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies and Eye Research Center, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA;
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Richard M. Sherva
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (R.M.S.); (L.A.F.)
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Ivana K. Kim
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (R.M.S.); (L.A.F.)
| | - Margaret M. DeAngelis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (T.S.); (C.Z.); (L.A.O.); (J.H.L.); (J.L.B.); (P.C.); (R.F.); (N.H.); (E.A.); (R.A.Z.); (E.C.G.); (S.X.Z.); (M.H.F.)
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (A.S.); (A.T.V.)
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14212, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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Marquina S, Ozgul M, Robertson-Brown K, Kenney MC. A review on PLGA particles as a sustained drug-delivery system and its effect on the retina. Exp Eye Res 2023; 235:109626. [PMID: 37652091 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
In this review, the designs and recent developments of polymer-based drug delivery of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) will be discussed for the possible treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). PLGA is a versatile co-polymer that consists of synthetic lactic acid and glycolic acid monomers that are constructed to produce nanoparticles, microparticles, and scaffolds for the intraocular delivery of various drugs. As an FDA-approved polymer, PLGA has historically been well-suited for systemic slow-sustained release therapies due to its performance in biodegradability and biocompatibility. This review will examine recent in vitro and in vivo studies that provide evidence for PLGA-based particles as a therapeutic drug carrier for the treatment of AMD. Anti-angiogenic and antiproliferative effects of small peptides, small molecules, RNA molecules, and proteins within PLGA particles are briefly discussed. AMD is a leading cause of central vision loss in people over 55 years and the number of those afflicted will rise as the aging population increases. AMD has two forms that are often sequential. Dry AMD and wet AMD account for 85-90% and 10-15% of cases, respectively. The distinct categories of PLGA-based drug delivery vehicles are important for dispensing novel small molecules, RNA molecules, peptides, and proteins as a long-term effective treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvana Marquina
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 843 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Mustafa Ozgul
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Irvine, 843 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Kenneth Robertson-Brown
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 843 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - M Cristina Kenney
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, 843 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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Dähmcke M, Busch M, Pfeil JM, Brauckmann T, Schulz D, Omran W, Morawiec-Kisiel E, Wähler F, Paul S, Tayar A, Bründer MC, Grundel B, Stahl A. Circulating MicroRNAs as Biomarker for Vessel-Associated Retinal Diseases. Ophthalmologica 2023; 246:227-237. [PMID: 37721532 DOI: 10.1159/000533481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vessel-associated retinal diseases are a major cause of blindness and severe visual impairment. The identification of appropriate biomarkers is of great importance to better anticipate disease progression and establish more targeted treatment options. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, single-stranded, noncoding ribonucleic acids that are involved in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression through hybridization with messenger RNA. The expression of certain miRNAs can be different in patients with pathological processes and can be used for the detection and differentiation of various diseases. In this study, we investigate to what extent previously in vitro identified miRNAs are present as cell-free circulating miRNAs in the serum and vitreous of human patients with and without vessel-associated retinal diseases. METHODS Relative quantification by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze miRNA expression in patients with vessel-associated retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and retinal vein occlusion compared with control patients. RESULTS In serum samples, miR-29a-3p and miR-192-5p showed increased expression in patients with neovascular AMD relative to control patients. Similarly, miR-335-5p, miR-192-5p, and miR-194-5p showed increased expression in serum from patients with proliferative DR. In vitreous samples, miR-100-5p was decreased in patients with proliferative DR. Differentially expressed miRNAs showed good diagnostic accuracy in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the ROC curve analysis. CONCLUSION The miRNAs investigated in this study may have the potential to serve as biomarkers for vessel-associated retinal diseases. Combining multiple miRNAs may enhance the predictive power of the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Dähmcke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Busch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Johanna M Pfeil
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tara Brauckmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniel Schulz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wael Omran
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ewa Morawiec-Kisiel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Fabienne Wähler
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sebastian Paul
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Allam Tayar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Bastian Grundel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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11
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Chen Q, Lin H, Li S, Deng X, Zhang J. Mini-αA Upregulates the miR-155-5p Target Gene CDK2 and Plays an Antiapoptotic Role in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells during Oxidative Stress. J Ophthalmol 2023; 2023:6713094. [PMID: 36824443 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6713094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of serious vision loss in the elderly. Regulating microRNA (miRNA) gene expression offers exciting new avenues for treating AMD. This study aimed to investigate whether miRNAs and their target genes play an antiapoptotic role during oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells via mini-αA. Methods ARPE-19 cells were treated with 3.5 mM NaIO3 for 48 h to establish a retinal degeneration model. Cells were treated with mini-αA (10, 15, and 20 μM) for 4 h. miR-155-5p was knocked down and overexpressed. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The reactive oxygen species level was detected by flow cytometry. miR-155-5p target genes were predicted via bioinformatics. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed for miR-155-5p target genes. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect miRNAs and cell cycle-related target genes. Western blotting was performed to measure the levels of apoptotic pathway genes encoding Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to verify the targeted binding relationship between miR-155-5p and CDK2. Results NaIO3 can induce oxidative damage and promote apoptosis. Conversely, mini-αA had inhibitory effects and could reverse the oxidative damage and apoptosis triggered by NaIO3 in the retinal degeneration model. The expression of miR-155-5p was upregulated in cells treated with NaIO3 and was downregulated after mini-αA treatment. Furthermore, miR-155-5p can target the following cell cycle-related and proliferation-related genes: CDK2, CDK4, CCND1, and CCND2. Moreover, our study indicated that miR-155-5p was involved in the antioxidative damage and antiapoptotic effects of mini-αA via CDK2 regulation. Conclusions miR-155-5p promotes the antioxidative damage and antiapoptotic effects of mini-αA during oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of RPE cells via CDK2 regulation. This study provides a new therapeutic target for AMD.
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Chen YH, Huang YC, Chen CH, Wen YT, Tsai RK, Chen C. Investigation of the Protective Effect of Extracellular Vesicle miR-124 on Retinal Ganglion Cells Using a Photolabile Paper-Based Chip. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:17. [PMID: 36689234 PMCID: PMC9896847 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Photolabile paper-based chips were developed to isolate extracellular vesicles (EVs) from small-volume samples (less than 30 µL), such as vitreous humor. Putative neuroprotective effects of EVs' microRNAs were investigated by using the paper chip and a rodent model with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rNAION). Methods rNAION was established using laser-induced photoactivation of rose bengal administered intravenously. On days 0, 0.25, 1, 3, and 7 after rNAION induction, CD63-positive EV microRNAs (CD63+-EV miRNAs) in vitreous humor samples were enriched using the paper chip and assessed using microarray and quantitative RT-PCR analyses. The viability and visual function of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were further assessed by measuring photopic flash visual evoked potentials (FVEPs). Results We identified 38 different variations of CD63+-EV miRNAs with more than twofold altered expressions. Among them, M1-related miRNA, mR-31a-5p, and M2-related miRNA, miR-125a-5p, miR-182, miR-181a-5p, and miR-124-3, were capable of coordinating anti-inflammatory reactions during rNAION because of their capacity to activate macrophages. In particular, miR-124, having the most dramatic alteration of gene expression, was synthesized and injected intravitreally. Compared to controls, rats that received miR-124 had shown increased RGC survivability and improved visual function. Conclusions Our research team has developed a paper-based chip capable of capturing EVs that can be released after UV exposure. The quantity and quality of EV-miRNAs extracted are adequate for microarray and quantitative RT-PCR analyses. Animal studies suggest that miR-124 may play a neuroprotective role in the natural recovery of rNAION and holds the potential to be a novel treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsun Chen
- Institution of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories (BDL), Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu Chuan Huang
- School of Pharmacy & Institute Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Republic of China,Department of Research and Development, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Hung Chen
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories (BDL), Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Tseng Wen
- Institute of Eye Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Kung Tsai
- Institute of Eye Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan,Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chihchen Chen
- Institution of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Peters F, Grimm C. Regulation of ABCA1 by miR-33 and miR-34a in the Aging Eye. Adv Exp Med Biol 2023; 1415:55-59. [PMID: 37440014 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27681-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Many age-related diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), go along with local lipid accumulation and dysregulated lipid metabolism. Several genes involved in lipid metabolism, including ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), were associated with AMD through genome-wide association studies. Recent studies have shown that loss of ABCA1 in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) leads to lipid accumulation and RPE atrophy, a hallmark of AMD, and that antagonizing ABCA1-targeting microRNAs (miRNAs) attenuated pathological changes to the RPE or to macrophages. Here, we focus on two lipid metabolism-modulating miRNAs, miR-33 and miR-34a, which show increased expression in aging RPE cells, and on their potential to regulate ABCA1 levels, cholesterol efflux, and lipid accumulation in AMD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Peters
- Laboratory for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Grimm
- Laboratory for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
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14
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Aggio-Bruce R, Schumann U, Cioanca AV, Chen FK, McLenachan S, Heath Jeffery RC, Das S, Natoli R. Serum miRNA modulations indicate changes in retinal morphology. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1130249. [PMID: 36937046 PMCID: PMC10020626 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1130249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in the developed world and the detection of its onset and progression are based on retinal morphological assessments. MicroRNA (miRNA) have been explored extensively as biomarkers for a range of neurological diseases including AMD, however differences in experimental design and the complexity of human biology have resulted in little overlap between studies. Using preclinical animal models and clinical samples, this study employs a novel approach to determine a serum signature of AMD progression. Methods Serum miRNAs were extracted from mice exposed to photo-oxidative damage (PD; 0, 1, 3 and 5 days), and clinical samples from patients diagnosed with reticular pseudodrusen or atrophic AMD. The expression of ~800 miRNAs was measured using OpenArray™, and differential abundance from controls was determined using the HTqPCR R package followed by pathway analysis with DAVID. MiRNA expression changes were compared against quantifiable retinal histological indicators. Finally, the overlap of miRNA changes observed in the mouse model and human patient samples was investigated. Results Differential miRNA abundance was identified at all PD time-points and in clinical samples. Importantly, these were associated with inflammatory pathways and histological changes in the retina. Further, we were able to align findings in the mouse serum to those of clinical patients. Conclusion In conclusion, serum miRNAs are a valid tool as diagnostics for the early detection of retinal degeneration, as they reflect key changes in retinal health. The combination of pre-clinical animal models and human patient samples led to the identification of a preliminary serum miRNA signature for AMD. This study is an important platform for the future development of a diagnostic serum miRNA panel for the early detection of retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riemke Aggio-Bruce
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- The School of Medicine and Psychology, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Ulrike Schumann
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- The Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adrian V. Cioanca
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Fred K. Chen
- Centre of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel McLenachan
- Centre of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rachael C. Heath Jeffery
- Centre of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shannon Das
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Riccardo Natoli
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- The School of Medicine and Psychology, Acton, ACT, Australia
- *Correspondence: Riccardo Natoli,
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15
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Huang Y, Chen X, Zhuang J, Yu K. The Role of Retinal Dysfunction in Myopia Development. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022:10.1007/s10571-022-01309-1. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Stradiotto E, Allegrini D, Fossati G, Raimondi R, Sorrentino T, Tripepi D, Barone G, Inforzato A, Romano MR. Genetic Aspects of Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Their Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13280. [PMID: 36362067 PMCID: PMC9653831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex and multifactorial disease, resulting from the interaction of environmental and genetic factors. The continuous discovery of associations between genetic polymorphisms and AMD gives reason for the pivotal role attributed to the genetic component to its development. In that light, genetic tests and polygenic scores have been created to predict the risk of development and response to therapy. Still, none of them have yet been validated. Furthermore, there is no evidence from a clinical trial that the determination of the individual genetic structure can improve treatment outcomes. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the polymorphisms of the main pathogenetic ways involved in AMD development to identify which of them constitutes a potential therapeutic target. As complement overactivation plays a major role, the modulation of targeted complement proteins seems to be a promising therapeutic approach. Herein, we summarize the complement-modulating molecules now undergoing clinical trials, enlightening those in an advanced phase of trial. Gene therapy is a potential innovative one-time treatment, and its relevance is quickly evolving in the field of retinal diseases. We describe the state of the art of gene therapies now undergoing clinical trials both in the field of complement-suppressors and that of anti-VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Stradiotto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Unit Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, Via Mazzini 11, 24128 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Davide Allegrini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Unit Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, Via Mazzini 11, 24128 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fossati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Unit Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, Via Mazzini 11, 24128 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Raffaele Raimondi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Unit Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, Via Mazzini 11, 24128 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Tania Sorrentino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Unit Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, Via Mazzini 11, 24128 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Domenico Tripepi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Unit Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, Via Mazzini 11, 24128 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Barone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Unit Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, Via Mazzini 11, 24128 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Antonio Inforzato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano-Milan, Italy
| | - Mario R. Romano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Unit Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, Via Mazzini 11, 24128 Bergamo, Italy
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Vyawahare H, Shinde P. Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Cureus 2022; 14:e29583. [PMID: 36312607 PMCID: PMC9595233 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The greatest global root of irremediable amaurosis in the venerable is age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a complex eye condition. Clinically, AMD is characterized as being in an early stage to late stage and initially affects the macula, which is the center of the retina (advanced AMD). Age-related cellular and metabolic imbalance are made worse by the creation of excessive amounts of free radical species, which causes mitochondrial malfunction. As a result, in AMD-affected eyes, the deprivation of melanocytes, confection, and eventually atrophy within the retinal tissue are caused by the continued proliferation of oxidative stress caused by systemic antioxidant capacity depletion. In the urbanized, industrialized world, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the major causes of central vision loss in the older age group. Although several causes and mechanisms for the dysfunction and degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) have previously been identified, the condition’s symptoms are still not fully understood. Etiopathogenesis is still not entirely understood. As a result, the RPE fails, allowing an accumulation of aberrant misfolded proteins, due to the loss of anatomical control over oppression, altered homeostasis, dysfunctional lipid homeostasis, and failure of mitochondria. Due to the multitude of interconnected processes, numerous complicated therapy combinations will probably be the best option to deliver the best visual outcomes; these combinations will vary depending on the kind and degree of the condition being treated. Undoubtedly, this will lead to the development of customized preventative medications and, hopefully, the revelation of a potential cure. All the mechanisms involved in the etiology of AMD should be continuously probed to create covariates for other contemporaneous or future problems.
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Solis-Vivanco A, Santamaría-Olmedo M, Rodríguez-Juárez D, Valdés-Flores M, González-Castor C, Velázquez-Cruz R, Ramírez-Salazar E, García-Ulloa AC, Hidalgo-Bravo A. miR-145, miR-92a and miR-375 Show Differential Expression in Serum from Patients with Diabetic Retinopathies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102275. [PMID: 36291965 PMCID: PMC9601231 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathies are important disabling conditions. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are regulators of gene expression and diseases can change their expression. Our aim was to analyze the expression of miRNAs in serum and vitreous samples from patients with diabetic retinopathies. The following groups and number of individuals were included: proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (n = 16), diabetic macular edema (DME) (n = 17), and idiopathic epiretinal membrane (IEM) as non-diabetic controls (n = 23). The initial miRNA expression was explored using TaqMan low-density arrays (TLDAs) with subsequent validation through a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Target genes were identified through bioinformatic tools for enrichment analysis. The TLDAs revealed the following miRNAs with differential expression in terms of PDR vs. IEM: miR-320a-3p, miR-92a-3p, and miR-375-3p in the serum, with miR-541-5p and miR-223-5p in the vitreous samples. DME vs IEM: miR-486-5p, miR-145-5p, miR-197-3p, and miR-125b-5p in the serum, and miR-212-3p in vitreous samples. PDR vs. DME: miR-486-5p, miR-100-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-660-5p, and miR-145 in the serum and none in the vitreous samples. Validation was confirmed only for miR-145, miR-92a, and miR-375 in the serum. The relevant enriched pathways for these three validated miRNAs, miR-145, miR-92a, and miR-375 were the vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor, hepatocyte growth factor receptor, epidermal growth factor, focal adhesion, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Our results support the involvement of miRNAs in the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathies and reinforce their potential as biomarkers or therapeutic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Solis-Vivanco
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Institute of Rehabilitation (INR), Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Mexico City 14389, Mexico
| | - Mónica Santamaría-Olmedo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, National Institute of Rehabilitation (INR), Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Mexico City 14389, Mexico
| | - Dalila Rodríguez-Juárez
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Institute of Rehabilitation (INR), Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Mexico City 14389, Mexico
| | - Margarita Valdés-Flores
- Department of Genomic Medicine, National Institute of Rehabilitation (INR), Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Mexico City 14389, Mexico
| | - Carlos González-Castor
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Institute of Rehabilitation (INR), Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Mexico City 14389, Mexico
| | - Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
- National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Periférico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Eric Ramírez-Salazar
- National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Periférico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Ana Cristina García-Ulloa
- Centro de Atención Integral del Paciente con Diabetes, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition (INCMNSZ), Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Alberto Hidalgo-Bravo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, National Institute of Rehabilitation (INR), Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Mexico City 14389, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Smyth A, Callaghan B, Willoughby CE, O’brien C. The Role of miR-29 Family in TGF-β Driven Fibrosis in Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10216. [PMID: 36142127 PMCID: PMC9499597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), a chronic optic neuropathy, remains the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. It is driven in part by the pro-fibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and leads to extracellular matrix remodelling at the lamina cribrosa of the optic nerve head. Despite an array of medical and surgical treatments targeting the only known modifiable risk factor, raised intraocular pressure, many patients still progress and develop significant visual field loss and eventual blindness. The search for alternative treatment strategies targeting the underlying fibrotic transformation in the optic nerve head and trabecular meshwork in glaucoma is ongoing. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs known to regulate post-transcriptional gene expression. Extensive research has been undertaken to uncover the complex role of miRNAs in gene expression and miRNA dysregulation in fibrotic disease. MiR-29 is a family of miRNAs which are strongly anti-fibrotic in their effects on the TGF-β signalling pathway and the regulation of extracellular matrix production and deposition. In this review, we discuss the anti-fibrotic effects of miR-29 and the role of miR-29 in ocular pathology and in the development of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. A better understanding of the role of miR-29 in POAG may aid in developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in glaucoma.
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Abstract
Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs), as a category of post-transcriptional gene inhibitors, have a wide range of biological functions, are involved in many pathological processes, and are attractive therapeutic targets. Considerable evidence in ophthalmology indicates that miRNAs play an important role in diabetic retinopathy (DR), especially in inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration. Targeting specific miRNAs for the treatment of DR has attracted much attention. This is a review focusing on the pathophysiological roles of miRNAs in DR, diabetic macular edema, and proliferative DR complex multifactorial retinal diseases, with particular emphasis on how miRNAs regulate complex molecular pathways and underlying pathomechanisms. Moreover, the future development potential and application limitations of therapy that targets specific miRNAs for DR are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospita, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Feng Ling
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospita, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Guang wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Na Yu
- Department of Scientific research, Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospita, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Biology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Yang, ; Xiang yang Xin,
| | - Xiang yang Xin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospita, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Yang, ; Xiang yang Xin,
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21
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Urbańska K, Stępień PW, Nowakowska KN, Stefaniak M, Osial N, Chorągiewicz T, Toro MD, Nowomiejska K, Rejdak R. The Role of Dysregulated miRNAs in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147761. [PMID: 35887109 PMCID: PMC9319652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye disease causing damage to the macular region of the retina where most of the photoreceptors responsible for central visual acuity are located. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules that negatively regulate genes by silent post-transcriptional gene expressions. Previous studies have shown that changes in specific miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of eye diseases, including AMD. Altered expressions of miRNAs are related to disturbances of regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis, apoptosis and phagocytosis, which are known factors in the pathogenesis of AMD. Moreover, dysregulation of miRNA is involved in drusen formation. Thus, miRNAs may be used as potential molecular biomarkers for the disease and, furthermore, tailoring therapeutics to particular disturbances in miRNAs may, in the future, offer hope to prevent irreversible vision loss. In this review, we clarify the current state of knowledge about the influence of miRNA on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of AMD. Our study material consisted of publications, which were found in PubMed, Google Scholar and Embase databases using “Age-related macular degeneration”, “miRNA”, “AMD biomarkers”, “miRNA therapeutics” and “AMD pathogenesis” as keywords. Paper search was limited to articles published from 2011 to date. In the section “Retinal, circulating and vitreous body miRNAs found in human studies”, we limited the search to studies with patients published in 2016–2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Urbańska
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (K.U.); (P.W.S.); (K.N.N.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (M.D.T.); (K.N.); (R.R.)
| | - Piotr Witold Stępień
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (K.U.); (P.W.S.); (K.N.N.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (M.D.T.); (K.N.); (R.R.)
| | - Katarzyna Natalia Nowakowska
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (K.U.); (P.W.S.); (K.N.N.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (M.D.T.); (K.N.); (R.R.)
| | - Martyna Stefaniak
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (K.U.); (P.W.S.); (K.N.N.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (M.D.T.); (K.N.); (R.R.)
| | - Natalia Osial
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (K.U.); (P.W.S.); (K.N.N.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (M.D.T.); (K.N.); (R.R.)
| | - Tomasz Chorągiewicz
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (K.U.); (P.W.S.); (K.N.N.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (M.D.T.); (K.N.); (R.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mario Damiano Toro
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (K.U.); (P.W.S.); (K.N.N.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (M.D.T.); (K.N.); (R.R.)
- Eye Clinic, Public Health Department, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Nowomiejska
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (K.U.); (P.W.S.); (K.N.N.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (M.D.T.); (K.N.); (R.R.)
| | - Robert Rejdak
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (K.U.); (P.W.S.); (K.N.N.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (M.D.T.); (K.N.); (R.R.)
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Aykutlu MŞ, Güçlü H, Doğanlar ZB, Kurtdere AK, Doğanlar O. MicroRNA-184 attenuates hypoxia and oxidative stress-related injury via suppressing apoptosis, DNA damage and angiogenesis in an in vitro age-related macular degeneration model. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 83:105413. [PMID: 35690295 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, particularly in developed countries. Recently, microRNAs (miRs) have become popular research area to develop new treatment options of AMD. However, interaction between hsa-miR-184 and AMD remain largely unexplored. In this study, sub-lethal levels of Deforoxamine Mesylate salt (DFX) and H2O2 were applied to ARPE-19 cells to establish a severe in vitro AMD model, via durable hypoxia and oxidative stress. We found that up-regulation of miR-184 level in AMD can suppress hypoxia-related angiogenic signals through HIF-1α/VEGF/MMPs axis. Also, miR-184 suppressed the hypoxia sensor miR-155 and genes in the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway, which is an alternative pathway in angiogenesis. To investigate the mechanism behind this protective effect, we evaluated the impact of miR-184 on retinal apoptosis in a model of AMD. miR-184 inhibited retinal apoptosis by upregulating BCL-2 and downregulating pro-apoptototic BAX, TRAIL, Caspase 3 and 8 signals as well as p53. Taken together, miR-184 attenuates retinal cell damage induced by severe AMD pathologies through suppressing hypoxia, angiogenesis and apoptosis. The safety profile of miR-184 was observed to be similar to Bevacizumab, which is in wide use clinically, but miR-184 was found to provide a more effective therapeutic potential by regulating simultaneously multiple pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Şambel Aykutlu
- Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, 22030 Edirne, Turkey.
| | - Hande Güçlü
- Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, 22030 Edirne, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Banu Doğanlar
- Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, 22030 Edirne, Turkey.
| | - Ayşe Kardelen Kurtdere
- Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, 22030 Edirne, Turkey
| | - Oğuzhan Doğanlar
- Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, 22030 Edirne, Turkey.
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23
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Zhang C, Owen LA, Lillvis JH, Zhang SX, Kim IK, DeAngelis MM. AMD Genomics: Non-Coding RNAs as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061484. [PMID: 35329812 PMCID: PMC8954267 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is the world’s leading cause of blindness in the aging population. Although the clinical stages and forms of AMD have been elucidated, more specific prognostic tools are required to determine when patients with early and intermediate AMD will progress into the advanced stages of AMD. Another challenge in the field has been the appropriate development of therapies for intermediate AMD and advanced atrophic AMD. After numerous negative clinical trials, an anti-C5 agent and anti-C3 agent have recently shown promising results in phase 3 clinical trials, in terms of slowing the growth of geographic atrophy, an advanced form of AMD. Interestingly, both drugs appear to be associated with an increased incidence of wet AMD, another advanced form of the disease, and will require frequent intravitreal injections. Certainly, there remains a need for other therapeutic agents with the potential to prevent progression to advanced stages of the disease. Investigation of the role and clinical utility of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) is a major advancement in biology that has only been minimally applied to AMD. In the following review, we discuss the clinical relevance of ncRNAs in AMD as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (C.Z.); (L.A.O.); (J.H.L.); (S.X.Z.)
| | - Leah A. Owen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (C.Z.); (L.A.O.); (J.H.L.); (S.X.Z.)
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - John H. Lillvis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (C.Z.); (L.A.O.); (J.H.L.); (S.X.Z.)
- Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14212, USA
| | - Sarah X. Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (C.Z.); (L.A.O.); (J.H.L.); (S.X.Z.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Ivana K. Kim
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Correspondence: (I.K.K.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Margaret M. DeAngelis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (C.Z.); (L.A.O.); (J.H.L.); (S.X.Z.)
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14212, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Correspondence: (I.K.K.); (M.M.D.)
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24
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Fishman ES, Han JS, La Torre A. Oscillatory Behaviors of microRNA Networks: Emerging Roles in Retinal Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:831750. [PMID: 35186936 PMCID: PMC8847441 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.831750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A broad repertoire of transcription factors and other genes display oscillatory patterns of expression, typically ranging from 30 min to 24 h. These oscillations are associated with a variety of biological processes, including the circadian cycle, somite segmentation, cell cycle, and metabolism. These rhythmic behaviors are often prompted by transcriptional feedback loops in which transcriptional activities are inhibited by their corresponding gene target products. Oscillatory transcriptional patterns have been proposed as a mechanism to drive biological clocks, the molecular machinery that transforms temporal information into accurate spatial patterning during development. Notably, several microRNAs (miRNAs) -small non-coding RNA molecules-have been recently shown to both exhibit rhythmic expression patterns and regulate oscillatory activities. Here, we discuss some of these new findings in the context of the developing retina. We propose that miRNA oscillations are a powerful mechanism to coordinate signaling pathways and gene expression, and that addressing the dynamic interplay between miRNA expression and their target genes could be key for a more complete understanding of many developmental processes.
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Alanazi JS, Alqahtani FY, Aleanizy FS, Radwan AA, Bari A, Alqahtani QH, Abdelhady HG, Alsarra I. MicroRNA-539-5p-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles Grafted with iRGD as a Targeting Treatment for Choroidal Neovascularization. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:243. [PMID: 35213977 PMCID: PMC8877575 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a major cause of visual impairment that results from excessive growth of blood vessels in the eye’s choroid. The limited clinical efficacy of the current therapy for this condition requires the emergence of new treatment modalities such as microRNA (miRNAs). A recent study identified microRNA-539-5p (miR-539) as an angiogenic suppressor in a CNV animal model; however, its therapeutic delivery is limited. Therefore, this study aims to formulate miR-539 in targeted nanoparticles (NPs) prepared from polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA). The NPs were decorated with internalizing arginylglycylaspartic (RGD) peptide (iRGD), which specifically targets the alpha-v-beta-3 (αvβ3) integrin receptor that is overexpressed in blood vessels of ocular tissue in CNV patients. The 1H NMR spectra results revealed successful conjugation of iRGD peptide into PLGA NPs. The miR-539-PLGA.NPs and miR-539-iRGD-PLGA.NPs were prepared and showed a particle size of 300 ± 3 and 306.40 ± 4 nm, respectively. A reduction in human retinal microvascular endothelial cell (HRMEC) viability was shown 48 and 72 h post transfection with miR-539 incorporated in PLGA NPs and iRGD-PLGA.NPs. iRGD-functionalized PLGA NPs caused further significant reduction in cell viability when compared with plain ones, revealing an enhancement in the NP uptake with iRGD-grafted NPs. The current study showed that miR-539-PLGA.NPs and miR-539-iRGD-PLGA.NPs are promising approaches that reduced the viability of HRMECs, suggesting their therapeutic potential in the treatment of CNV.
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Plastino F, Pesce NA, André H. MicroRNAs and the HIF/VEGF axis in ocular neovascular diseases. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:e1255-e1262. [PMID: 33729690 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ocular neovascular diseases, such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity and neovascular age-related macular degeneration, are the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide. The hypoxia-inducible factors and vascular endothelial growth factors are key molecular promoters of ocular neovascularization. Moreover, the role of microRNAs as regulators of angiogenesis has been expanding, particularly hypoxia-associated microRNA; hypoxamiRs. This review provides a summary of hypoxamiRs that directly and specifically target HIF1A and VEGF mRNAs, thus critically involved in the regulation of ocular neovascular pathologies. The discussed microRNAs highlight putative diagnostic markers and therapeutic agents in choroidal and retinal angiogenic diseases, including proliferative diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity and neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Plastino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences Division of Eye and Vision St. Erik Eye Hospital Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Noemi Anna Pesce
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences Division of Eye and Vision St. Erik Eye Hospital Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Helder André
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences Division of Eye and Vision St. Erik Eye Hospital Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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27
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ElShelmani H, Brennan I, Kelly DJ, Keegan D. Differential Circulating MicroRNA Expression in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212321. [PMID: 34830203 PMCID: PMC8625913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored the expression of several miRNAs reported to be deregulated in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Total RNA was isolated from sera from patients with dry AMD (n = 12), wet AMD (n = 14), and controls (n = 10). Forty-two previously investigated miRNAs were selected based on published data and their role in AMD pathogenesis, such as angiogenic and inflammatory effects, and were co-analysed using a miRCURY LNA miRNA SYBR® Green PCR kit via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to validate their presence. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering indicated that AMD serum specimens have a different miRNA profile to healthy controls. We successfully validated the differentially regulated miRNAs in serum from AMD patients versus controls. Eight miRNAs (hsa-let-7a-5p, hsa-let-7d-5p, hsa-miR-23a-3p, hsa-miR-301a-3p, hsa-miR-361-5p, hsa-miR-27b-3p, hsa-miR-874-3p, hsa-miR-19b-1-5p) showed higher expression in the serum of dry AMD patients than wet AMD patients and compared with healthy controls. Increased quantities of certain miRNAs in the serum of AMD patients indicate that these miRNAs could potentially serve as diagnostic AMD biomarkers and might be used as future AMD treatment targets. The discovery of significant serum miRNA biomarkers in AMD patients would provide an easy screening tool for at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan ElShelmani
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles St., Dublin 7, Ireland; (H.E.); (I.B.)
| | - Ian Brennan
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles St., Dublin 7, Ireland; (H.E.); (I.B.)
- University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - David J. Kelly
- Zoology Department, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland;
| | - David Keegan
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles St., Dublin 7, Ireland; (H.E.); (I.B.)
- Correspondence:
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28
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Chu-Tan JA, Cioanca AV, Feng ZP, Wooff Y, Schumann U, Aggio-Bruce R, Patel H, Rutar M, Hannan K, Panov K, Provis J, Natoli R. Functional microRNA targetome undergoes degeneration-induced shift in the retina. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:60. [PMID: 34465369 PMCID: PMC8406976 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA (miRNA) play a significant role in the pathogenesis of complex neurodegenerative diseases including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), acting as post-transcriptional gene suppressors through their association with argonaute 2 (AGO2) - a key member of the RNA Induced Silencing Complex (RISC). Identifying the retinal miRNA/mRNA interactions in health and disease will provide important insight into the key pathways miRNA regulate in disease pathogenesis and may lead to potential therapeutic targets to mediate retinal degeneration. METHODS To identify the active miRnome targetome interactions in the healthy and degenerating retina, AGO2 HITS-CLIP was performed using a rodent model of photoreceptor degeneration. Analysis of publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) data was performed to identify the cellular location of AGO2 and key members of the microRNA targetome in the retina. AGO2 findings were verified by in situ hybridization (RNA) and immunohistochemistry (protein). RESULTS Analysis revealed a similar miRnome between healthy and damaged retinas, however, a shift in the active targetome was observed with an enrichment of miRNA involvement in inflammatory pathways. This shift was further demonstrated by a change in the seed binding regions of miR-124-3p, the most abundant retinal AGO2-bound miRNA, and has known roles in regulating retinal inflammation. Additionally, photoreceptor cluster miR-183/96/182 were all among the most highly abundant miRNA bound to AGO2. Following damage, AGO2 expression was localized to the inner retinal layers and more in the OLM than in healthy retinas, indicating a locational miRNA response to retinal damage. CONCLUSIONS This study provides important insight into the alteration of miRNA regulatory activity that occurs as a response to retinal degeneration and explores the miRNA-mRNA targetome as a consequence of retinal degenerations. Further characterisation of these miRNA/mRNA interactions in the context of the degenerating retina may provide an important insight into the active role these miRNA may play in diseases such as AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Chu-Tan
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- The Australian National University Medical School, College of Health and Medicine, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Adrian V. Cioanca
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Zhi-Ping Feng
- The ANU Bioinformatics Consultancy, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Yvette Wooff
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- The Australian National University Medical School, College of Health and Medicine, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Ulrike Schumann
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Riemke Aggio-Bruce
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- The Australian National University Medical School, College of Health and Medicine, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Hardip Patel
- The ANU Bioinformatics Consultancy, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Matt Rutar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617 Australia
| | - Katherine Hannan
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Konstantin Panov
- School of Biological Sciences Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5DL Northern Ireland
| | - Jan Provis
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- The Australian National University Medical School, College of Health and Medicine, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Riccardo Natoli
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- The Australian National University Medical School, College of Health and Medicine, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
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Mrowicka M, Mrowicki J, Kucharska E, Smigielska B, Szaflik JP, Szaflik J, Majsterek I. The Role of Oxidative Stress and the Importance of miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in the Development of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Processes (Basel) 2021; 9:1328. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9081328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the primary cause of blindness in developed countries. With the progressive aging of the population, AMD is a significant ophthalmological problem in the population over 50 years of age. The etiology of AMD is known to be based on various biochemical, immunological and molecular pathways and to be influenced by a range of genetic and environmental elements. This review provides an overview of the pathophysiological role of oxidative stress and free radicals in the retina with a special focus on the DNA repair efficiency and enzymatic antioxidant defense. It also presents a correlation between miRNA profile and AMD, and indicates their involvement in inflammation, angiogenesis, increased oxidation of cellular components, enzymatic antioxidant capacity and DNA repair efficiency, which play particularly important roles in AMD pathogenesis. Gene silencing by miRNAs can induce changes in antioxidant enzymes, leading to a complex interplay between redox imbalance by free radicals and miRNAs in modulating cellular redox homeostasis.
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Abstract
The retina is among the most metabolically active tissues with high-energy demands. The peculiar distribution of mitochondria in cells of retinal layers is necessary to assure the appropriate energy supply for the transmission of the light signal. Photoreceptor cells (PRs), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) present a great concentration of mitochondria, which makes them particularly sensitive to mitochondrial dysfunction. To date, visual loss has been extensively correlated to defective mitochondrial functions. Many mitochondrial diseases (MDs) show indeed neuro-ophthalmic manifestations, including retinal and optic nerve phenotypes. Moreover, abnormal mitochondrial functions are frequently found in the most common retinal pathologies, i.e., glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR), that share clinical similarities with the hereditary primary MDs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are established as key regulators of several developmental, physiological, and pathological processes. Dysregulated miRNA expression profiles in retinal degeneration models and in patients underline the potentiality of miRNA modulation as a possible gene/mutation-independent strategy in retinal diseases and highlight their promising role as disease predictive or prognostic biomarkers. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge about the participation of miRNAs in both rare and common mitochondria-mediated eye diseases. Definitely, given the involvement of miRNAs in retina pathologies and therapy as well as their use as molecular biomarkers, they represent a determining target for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filomena Massa
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Indrieri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy.,Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
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31
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Saberianpour S, Karimi A, Saeed Modaghegh MH, Ahmadi M. Different types of cell death in vascular diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4687-702. [PMID: 34013393 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In a mature organism, tissue homeostasis is regulated by cell division and cell demise as the two major physiological procedures. There is increasing evidence that deregulation of these processes is important in the pathogenicity of main diseases, including myocardial infarction, stroke, atherosclerosis, and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, there are ongoing efforts to discover modulating factors of the cell cycle and cell demise planners aiming at shaping innovative therapeutically modalities to the therapy of such diseases. Although the life of a cell is terminated by several modes of action, a few cell deaths exist-some of which resemble apoptosis and/or necrosis, and most of them are different from one another-that contribute to a wide range of functions to either support or disrupt the homoeostasis. Even in normal physiological conditions, cell life is severe within the cardiovascular system. Cells are persistently undergoing stretch, contraction, injurious metabolic byproducts, and hemodynamic forces, and a few of cells sustain decade-long lifetimes. The duration of vascular disease causes further exposure of vascular cells to a novel range of offences, most of which induce cell death. There is growing evidence on consequences of direct damage to a cell, as well as on responses of adjacent and infiltrating cells, which also have an effect on the pathology. In this study, by focusing on different pathways of cell death in different vascular diseases, an attempt is made to open a new perspective on the therapeutic goals associated with cell death in these diseases.
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32
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Andriessen EMMA, Binet F, Fournier F, Hata M, Dejda A, Mawambo G, Crespo‐Garcia S, Pilon F, Buscarlet M, Beauchemin K, Bougie V, Cumberlidge G, Wilson AM, Bourgault S, Rezende FA, Beaulieu N, Delisle J, Sapieha P. Myeloid-resident neuropilin-1 promotes choroidal neovascularization while mitigating inflammation. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e11754. [PMID: 33876574 PMCID: PMC8103107 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in its various forms is a leading cause of blindness in industrialized countries. Here, we provide evidence that ligands for neuropilin-1 (NRP1), such as Semaphorin 3A and VEGF-A, are elevated in the vitreous of patients with AMD at times of active choroidal neovascularization (CNV). We further demonstrate that NRP1-expressing myeloid cells promote and maintain CNV. Expression of NRP1 on cells of myeloid lineage is critical for mitigating production of inflammatory factors such as IL6 and IL1β. Therapeutically trapping ligands of NRP1 with an NRP1-derived trap reduces CNV. Collectively, our findings identify a role for NRP1-expressing myeloid cells in promoting pathological angiogenesis during CNV and introduce a therapeutic approach to counter neovascular AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - François Binet
- SemaThera Inc.MontrealQCCanada
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
| | - Frédérik Fournier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
| | - Masayuki Hata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
| | - Agnieszka Dejda
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
| | - Gaëlle Mawambo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
| | - Sergio Crespo‐Garcia
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
| | - Frédérique Pilon
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
| | - Manuel Buscarlet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
| | | | | | | | - Ariel M Wilson
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
| | - Steve Bourgault
- Department of ChemistryUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontrealQCCanada
| | - Flavio A Rezende
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
| | | | - Jean‐Sébastien Delisle
- Department of MedicineMaisonneuve‐Rosemont Hospital Research CentreUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
| | - Przemyslaw Sapieha
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
- SemaThera Inc.MontrealQCCanada
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
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Martinez B, Peplow PV. MicroRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of age-related macular degeneration: advances and limitations. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:440-447. [PMID: 32985463 PMCID: PMC7996036 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.293131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A main cause of vision loss in the elderly is age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Among the cellular, biochemical, and molecular changes linked to this disease, inflammation and angiogenesis appear as being crucial in AMD pathogenesis and progression. There are two forms of the disease: dry AMD, accounting for 80-90% of cases, and wet AMD. The disease usually begins as dry AMD associated with retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor degeneration, whereas wet AMD is associated with choroidal neovascularization resulting in severe vision impairment. The new vessels are largely malformed, leading to blood and fluid leakage within the disrupted tissue, which provokes inflammation and scar formation and results in retinal damage and detachment. MicroRNAs are dysregulated in AMD and may facilitate the early detection of the disease and monitoring disease progression. Two recent reviews of microRNAs in AMD had indicated weaknesses or limitations in four earlier investigations. Studies in the last three years have shown considerable progress in overcoming some of these concerns and identifying specific microRNAs as biomarkers for AMD. Further large-scale studies are warranted using appropriate statistical methods to take into account gender and age disparity in the study populations and confounding factors such as smoking status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Martinez
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- Department of Medicine, St. George's University School of Medicine, Grenada
| | - Philip V. Peplow
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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34
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Aggio-Bruce R, Chu-Tan JA, Wooff Y, Cioanca AV, Schumann U, Natoli R. Inhibition of microRNA-155 Protects Retinal Function Through Attenuation of Inflammation in Retinal Degeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:835-854. [PMID: 33037565 PMCID: PMC7843561 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Although extensively investigated in inflammatory conditions, the role of pro-inflammatory microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-155 and miR-146a, has not been well-studied in retinal degenerative diseases. We therefore aimed to explore the role and regulation of these miRNA in the degenerating retina, with a focus on miR-155. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to photo-oxidative damage for up to 5 days to induce focal retinal degeneration. MiR-155 expression was quantified by qRT-PCR in whole retina, serum, and small-medium extracellular vesicles (s-mEVs), and a PrimeFlow™ assay was used to identify localisation of miR-155 in retinal cells. Constitutive miR-155 knockout (KO) mice and miR-155 and miR-146a inhibitors were utilised to determine the role of these miRNA in the degenerating retina. Electroretinography was employed as a measure of retinal function, while histological quantification of TUNEL+ and IBA1+ positive cells was used to quantify photoreceptor cell death and infiltrating immune cells, respectively. Upregulation of miR-155 was detected in retinal tissue, serum and s-mEVs in response to photo-oxidative damage, localising to the nucleus of a subset of retinal ganglion cells and glial cells and in the cytoplasm of photoreceptors. Inhibition of miR-155 showed increased function from negative controls and a less pathological pattern of IBA1+ cell localisation and morphology at 5 days photo-oxidative damage. While neither dim-reared nor damaged miR-155 KO animals showed retinal histological difference from controls, following photo-oxidative damage, miR-155 KO mice showed increased a-wave relative to controls. We therefore consider miR-155 to be associated with the inflammatory response of the retina in response to photoreceptor-specific degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riemke Aggio-Bruce
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Garran Road, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia
- The Australian National University Medical School, Mills Road, Australian Capital Territory, Acton, 2601 Australia
| | - Joshua A. Chu-Tan
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Garran Road, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia
- The Australian National University Medical School, Mills Road, Australian Capital Territory, Acton, 2601 Australia
| | - Yvette Wooff
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Garran Road, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia
- The Australian National University Medical School, Mills Road, Australian Capital Territory, Acton, 2601 Australia
| | - Adrian V. Cioanca
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Garran Road, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia
| | - Ulrike Schumann
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Garran Road, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia
| | - Riccardo Natoli
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Garran Road, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia
- The Australian National University Medical School, Mills Road, Australian Capital Territory, Acton, 2601 Australia
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35
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Intartaglia D, Giamundo G, Conte I. The Impact of miRNAs in Health and Disease of Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:589985. [PMID: 33520981 PMCID: PMC7844312 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.589985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs, are essential key players in the control of biological processes in both physiological and pathological conditions. miRNAs play important roles in fine tuning the expression of many genes, which often have roles in common molecular networks. miRNA dysregulation thus renders cells vulnerable to aberrant fluctuations in genes, resulting in degenerative diseases. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a monolayer of polarized pigmented epithelial cells that resides between the light-sensitive photoreceptors (PR) and the choriocapillaris. The demanding physiological functions of RPE cells require precise gene regulation for the maintenance of retinal homeostasis under stress conditions and the preservation of vision. Thus far, our understanding of how miRNAs function in the homeostasis and maintenance of the RPE has been poorly addressed, and advancing our knowledge is central to harnessing their potential as therapeutic agents to counteract visual impairment. This review focuses on the emerging roles of miRNAs in the function and health of the RPE and on the future exploration of miRNA-based therapeutic approaches to counteract blinding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ivan Conte
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy.,Department of Biology, Polytechnic and Basic Sciences School, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Hermenean A, Trotta MC, Gharbia S, Hermenean AG, Peteu VE, Balta C, Cotoraci C, Gesualdo C, Rossi S, Gherghiceanu M, D'Amico M. Changes in Retinal Structure and Ultrastructure in the Aged Mice Correlate With Differences in the Expression of Selected Retinal miRNAs. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:593514. [PMID: 33519453 PMCID: PMC7838525 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.593514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Age and gender are two important factors that may influence the function and structure of the retina and its susceptibility to retinal diseases. The aim of this study was to delineate the influence that biological sex and age exert on the retinal structural and ultrastructural changes in mice and to identify the age-related miRNA dysregulation profiles in the retina by gender. Experiments were undertaken on male and female Balb/c aged 24 months (approximately 75–85 years in humans) compared to the control (3 months). The retinas were analyzed by histology, transmission electron microscopy, and age-related miRNA expression profile analysis. Retinas of both sexes showed a steady decline in retinal thickness as follows: photoreceptor (PS) and outer layers (p < 0.01 for the aged male vs. control; p < 0.05 for the aged female vs. control); the inner retinal layers were significantly affected by the aging process in the males (p < 0.01) but not in the aged females. Electron microscopy revealed more abnormalities which involve the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Bruch’s membrane, outer and inner layers, vascular changes, deposits of amorphous materials, and accumulation of lipids or lipofuscins. Age-related miRNAs, miR-27a-3p (p < 0.01), miR-27b-3p (p < 0.05), and miR-20a-5p (p < 0.05) were significantly up-regulated in aged male mice compared to the controls, whereas miR-20b-5p was significantly down-regulated in aged male (p < 0.05) and female mice (p < 0.05) compared to the respective controls. miR-27a-3p (5.00 fold; p < 0.01) and miR-27b (7.58 fold; p < 0.01) were significantly up-regulated in aged male mice vs. aged female mice, whereas miR-20b-5p (−2.10 fold; p < 0.05) was significantly down-regulated in aged male mice vs. aged female mice. Interestingly, miR-27a-3p, miR-27b-3p, miR-20a-5p, and miR-20b-5p expressions significantly correlated with the thickness of the retinal PS layer (p < 0.01), retinal outer layers (p < 0.01), and Bruch’s membrane (p < 0.01). Our results showed that biological sex can influence the structure and function of the retina upon aging, suggesting that this difference may be underlined by the dysregulation of age-related mi-RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Hermenean
- "Aurel Ardelean" Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Consiglia Trotta
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Sami Gharbia
- "Aurel Ardelean" Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Cornel Balta
- "Aurel Ardelean" Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - Coralia Cotoraci
- Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - Carlo Gesualdo
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Settimio Rossi
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Mihaela Gherghiceanu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Michele D'Amico
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Li D, Zhang J, Liu Z, Gong Y, Zheng Z. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-27b attenuates subretinal fibrosis via suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting HOXC6. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:24. [PMID: 33413548 PMCID: PMC7792361 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Subretinal fibrosis resulting from neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is one of the major causes of serious and irreversible vision loss worldwide, and no definite and effective treatment exists currently. Retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) cells are crucial in maintaining the visual function of normal eyes and its epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with the pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis. Stem cell-derived exosomes have been reported to play a crucial role in tissue fibrosis by transferring their molecular contents. This study aimed to explore the effects of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (hucMSC-Exo) on subretinal fibrosis in vivo and in vitro and to investigate the anti-fibrotic mechanism of action of hucMSC-Exo. METHODS In this study, human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) were successfully cultured and identified, and exosomes were isolated from the supernatant by ultracentrifugation. A laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and subretinal fibrosis model indicated that the intravitreal administration of hucMSC-Exo effectively alleviated subretinal fibrosis in vivo. Furthermore, hucMSC-Exo could efficaciously suppress the migration of retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells and promote the mesenchymal-epithelial transition by delivering miR-27b-3p. The latent binding of miR-27b-3p to homeobox protein Hox-C6 (HOXC6) was analyzed by bioinformatics prediction and luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS This study showed that the intravitreal injection of hucMSC-Exo effectively ameliorated laser-induced CNV and subretinal fibrosis via the suppression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. In addition, hucMSC-Exo containing miR-27b repressed the EMT process in RPE cells induced by transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-β2) via inhibiting HOXC6 expression. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that HucMSC-derived exosomal miR-27b could reverse the process of EMT induced by TGF-β2 via inhibiting HOXC6, indicating that the exosomal miR-27b/HOXC6 axis might play a vital role in ameliorating subretinal fibrosis. The present study proposed a promising therapeutic agent for treating ocular fibrotic diseases and provided insights into the mechanism of action of hucMSC-Exo on subretinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20 080, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, NO.100, Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Junxiu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20 080, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, NO.100, Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zijia Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20 080, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, NO.100, Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20 080, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, NO.100, Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20 080, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, NO.100, Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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Ménard C, Wilson AM, Dejda A, Miloudi K, Binet F, Crespo-Garcia S, Parinot C, Pilon F, Juneau R, Andriessen EM, Mawambo G, SanGiovanni JP, De Guire V, Sapieha P. miR-106b suppresses pathological retinal angiogenesis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:24836-24852. [PMID: 33361521 PMCID: PMC7803573 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. We recently demonstrated that levels of miR-106b were significantly decreased in the vitreous and plasma of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here we show that expression of the miR-106b-25 cluster is negatively regulated by the unfolded protein response pathway of protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) in a mouse model of neovascular AMD. A reduction in levels of miR-106b triggers vascular growth both in vivo and in vitro by inducing production of pro-angiogenic factors. We demonstrate that therapeutic delivery of miR-106b to the retina with lentiviral vectors protects against aberrant retinal angiogenesis in two distinct mouse models of pathological retinal neovascularization. Results from this study suggest that miRNAs such as miR-106b have the potential to be used as multitarget therapeutics for conditions characterized by pathological retinal angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ménard
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal H1T 2M4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ariel M Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal H1T 2M4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Agnieszka Dejda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal H1T 2M4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Khalil Miloudi
- Department of Neurology-Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Quebec, Canada
| | - François Binet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal H1T 2M4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sergio Crespo-Garcia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal H1T 2M4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Célia Parinot
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal H1T 2M4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédérique Pilon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal H1T 2M4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rachel Juneau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal H1T 2M4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Mma Andriessen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal H1T 2M4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gaëlle Mawambo
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal H1T 2M4, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Vincent De Guire
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal H1T 2M4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Przemyslaw Sapieha
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal H1T 2M4, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal H1T 2M4, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology-Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the retina, noncoding RNA (ncRNA) plays an integral role in regulating apoptosis, inflammatory responses, visual perception, and photo-transduction, with altered levels reported in diseased states. AREAS COVERED MicroRNA (miRNA), a class of ncRNA, regulates post-transcription gene expression through the binding of complementary sites of target messenger RNA (mRNA) with resulting translational repression. Small-interfering RNA (siRNA) is a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that regulates gene expression, leading to selective silencing of genes through a process called RNA interference (RNAi). Another form of RNAi involves short hairpin RNA (shRNA). In age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR), miRNA has been implicated in the regulation of angiogenesis, oxidative stress, immune response, and inflammation. EXPERT OPINION Many RNA-based therapies in development are conveniently administered intravitreally, with the potential for pan-retinal effect. The majority of these RNA therapeutics are synthetic ncRNA's and hold promise for the treatment of AMD, DR, and inherited retinal diseases (IRDs). These RNA-based therapies include siRNA therapy with its high specificity, shRNA to 'knock down' autosomal dominant toxic gain of function-mutated genes, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), which can restore splicing defects, and translational read-through inducing drugs (TRIDs) to increase expression of full-length protein from genes with premature stop codons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Gemayel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ashay D Bhatwadekar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Thomas Ciulla
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Preclinical and Clinical Development, Clearside Biomedical, Inc, Alpharetta, GA, USA.,Midwest Eye Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Majid M, Masood A, Masoodi SR, Naykoo NA, Shah IA, Nissar B, Khan NS, ul Afshan F, Ganai BA. Expression analysis of microRNA-155 in type 2 diabetes in Kashmiri population. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-020-00840-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Carrella S, Indrieri A, Franco B, Banfi S. Mutation-Independent Therapies for Retinal Diseases: Focus on Gene-Based Approaches. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:588234. [PMID: 33071752 PMCID: PMC7541846 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.588234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is proving to be an effective approach to treat or prevent ocular diseases ensuring a targeted, stable, and regulated introduction of exogenous genetic material with therapeutic action. Retinal diseases can be broadly categorized into two groups, namely monogenic and complex (multifactorial) forms. The high genetic heterogeneity of monogenic forms represents a significant limitation to the application of gene-specific therapeutic strategies for a significant fraction of patients. Therefore, mutation-independent therapeutic strategies, acting on common pathways that underly retinal damage, are gaining interest as complementary/alternative approaches for retinal diseases. This review will provide an overview of mutation-independent strategies that rely on the modulation in the retina of key genes regulating such crucial degenerative pathways. In particular, we will describe how gene-based approaches explore the use of neurotrophic factors, microRNAs (miRNAs), genome editing and optogenetics in order to restore/prolong visual function in both outer and inner retinal diseases. We predict that the exploitation of gene delivery procedures applied to mutation/gene independent approaches may provide the answer to the unmet therapeutic need of a large fraction of patients with genetically heterogeneous and complex retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Carrella
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy.,Medical Genetics, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Indrieri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy.,Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Brunella Franco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy.,Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sandro Banfi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy.,Medical Genetics, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Jabbehdari S, Handa JT. Oxidative stress as a therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of early age-related macular degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol 2020; 66:423-440. [PMID: 32961209 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of irreversible visual loss among older adults in developed countries, is a chronic, multifactorial, and progressive disease with the development of painless, central vision loss. Retinal pigment epithelial cell dysfunction is a core change in age-related macular degeneration that results from aging and the accumulated effects of genetic and environmental factors that, in part, is both caused by and leads to oxidative stress. In this review, we describe the role of oxidative stress, the cytoprotective oxidative stress pathways, and the impact of oxidative stress on critical cellular processes involved in age-related macular degeneration pathobiology. We also offer targeted therapy that may define how antioxidant therapy can either prevent or improve specific stages of age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayena Jabbehdari
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - James T Handa
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Kaarniranta K, Pawlowska E, Szczepanska J, Blasiak J. DICER1 in the Pathogenesis of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) - Alu RNA Accumulation versus miRNA Dysregulation. Aging Dis 2020; 11:851-862. [PMID: 32765950 PMCID: PMC7390522 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
DICER1 deficiency in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) was associated with the accumulation of Alu transcripts and implicated in geographic atrophy (GA), a form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), an eye disease leading to blindness in millions of people. Although the exact mechanism of this association is not fully known, the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, maturation of caspase-1 and disruption in mitochondrial homeostasis in RPE cells were shown as critical for it. DICER1 deficiency results in dysregulation of miRNAs and changes in the expression of many genes important for RPE homeostasis, which may also contribute to AMD. DICER1 deficiency can change the functions of the miR-183/96/182 cluster that regulates photoreceptors and their synaptic transmission. Aging, the main AMD risk factor, is associated with decreased expression of DICER1 and changes in its diurnal pattern that are not synchronized with circadian regulation in the retina. The initial insult inducing DICER1 deficiency in AMD may be oxidative stress, another major risk factor of AMD, but further studies on the role of deficient DICER1 in AMD pathogenesis and its therapeutic potential are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kaarniranta
- 1Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland and Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70029, Finland
| | - Elzbieta Pawlowska
- 2Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Szczepanska
- 3Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- 4Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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Sun L, Chen X, Jin Z. Emerging roles of non‐coding RNAs in retinal diseases: A review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 48:1085-1101. [PMID: 32519377 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lan‐Fang Sun
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Retinal Regeneration, Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, The Eye Hospital Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Xue‐Jiao Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Retinal Regeneration, Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, The Eye Hospital Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Zi‐Bing Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing China
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Kiel C, Berber P, Karlstetter M, Aslanidis A, Strunz T, Langmann T, Grassmann F, Weber BH. A Circulating MicroRNA Profile in a Laser-Induced Mouse Model of Choroidal Neovascularization. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2689. [PMID: 32294914 PMCID: PMC7216141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a pathological process in which aberrant blood vessels invade the subretinal space of the mammalian eye. It is a characteristic feature of the prevalent neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Circulating microRNAs (cmiRNAs) are regarded as potentially valuable biomarkers for various age-related diseases, including nAMD. Here, we investigated cmiRNA expression in an established laser-induced CNV mouse model. Upon CNV induction in C57Bl/6 mice, blood-derived cmiRNAs were initially determined globally by RNA next generation sequencing, and the most strongly dysregulated cmiRNAs were independently replicated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) in blood, retinal, and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroidal tissue. Our findings suggest that two miRNAs, mmu-mir-486a-5p and mmur-mir-92a-3p, are consistently dysregulated during CNV formation. Furthermore, in functional in vitro assays, a significant impact of mmu-mir-486a-5p and mmu-mir-92a-3p on murine microglial cell viability was observed, while mmu-mir-92a-3p also showed an impact on microglial mobility. Taken together, we report a robust dysregulation of two miRNAs in blood and RPE/choroid after laser-induced initiation of CNV lesions in mice, highlighting their potential role in pathology and eventual therapy of CNV-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kiel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.K.); (P.B.); (T.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Patricia Berber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.K.); (P.B.); (T.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Marcus Karlstetter
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.K.); (A.A.); (T.L.)
| | - Alexander Aslanidis
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.K.); (A.A.); (T.L.)
| | - Tobias Strunz
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.K.); (P.B.); (T.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Thomas Langmann
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.K.); (A.A.); (T.L.)
| | - Felix Grassmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.K.); (P.B.); (T.S.); (F.G.)
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernhard H.F. Weber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.K.); (P.B.); (T.S.); (F.G.)
- Institute of Clinical Human Genetics, University Clinics Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Labib DA, Koptan D, Ghoniem S, Salah SH, El Shazly R, El Refai RM. Dysregulation of microRNA146a-5p expression in systemic lupus erythematosus females: Diagnostic potential and association with ocular manifestations. The Egyptian Rheumatologist 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejr.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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ElShelmani H, Wride MA, Saad T, Rani S, Kelly DJ, Keegan D. Identification of Novel Serum MicroRNAs in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:28. [PMID: 32818115 PMCID: PMC7396178 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.4.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To identify circulating microRNAs (miRNA) associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Thus differentially expressed serum miRNA could be used as AMD biomarkers. Methods This study involved total RNA isolation from sera from patients with atrophic AMD (n = 10), neovascular AMD (n = 10), and age- and sex-matched controls (n = 10). A total of 377 miRNAs were coanalyzed using array technologies, and differentially regulated miRNAs were determined. Extensive validation studies (n = 90) of serum from AMD patients and controls confirmed initial results. Total RNA isolation was carried out from sera from patients with atrophic AMD (n = 30), neovascular AMD (n = 30), and controls (n = 30). Fourteen miRNAs from the discovery dataset were coanalyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to validate their presence. Results Unsupervised hierarchical clustering indicated that AMD serum specimens have a different miRNA profile to healthy controls. We successfully identified and validated the differentially regulated miRNAs in serum from AMD patients versus controls. The biomarker potential of three miRNAs (miR-126, miR-19a, and miR-410) was confirmed by qRT-PCR, with significantly increased quantities in serum of AMD patients compared with healthy controls. Conclusions Increased quantities of miR-126, miR-410, and miR-19a in serum from AMD patients indicate that these miRNAs could potentially serve as diagnostic AMD biomarkers. All three miRNAs significantly correlated with AMD pathogenesis. Translational Relevance The discovery of new AMD miRNA may act as biomarkers in evaluating AMD diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan ElShelmani
- Ocular Development and Neurobiology Research Group, Zoology Department, School of Natural Sciences, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael A Wride
- Ocular Development and Neurobiology Research Group, Zoology Department, School of Natural Sciences, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tahira Saad
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sweta Rani
- Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - David J Kelly
- Zoology Department, School of Natural Sciences, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Keegan
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Chu-Tan JA, Fernando N, Aggio-Bruce R, Cioanca AV, Valter K, Andronikou N, deMollerat du Jeu X, Rutar M, Provis J, Natoli R. A method for gene knockdown in the retina using a lipid-based carrier. Mol Vis 2020; 26:48-63. [PMID: 32165826 PMCID: PMC7043644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The use of small non-coding nucleic acids, such as siRNA and miRNA, has allowed for a deeper understanding of gene functions, as well as for development of gene therapies for complex neurodegenerative diseases, including retinal degeneration. For effective delivery into the eye and transfection of the retina, suitable transfection methods are required. We investigated the use of a lipid-based transfection agent, Invivofectamine® 3.0 (Thermo Fisher Scientific), as a potential method for delivery of nucleic acids to the retina. Methods Rodents were injected intravitreally with formulations of Invivofectamine 3.0 containing scrambled, Gapdh, Il-1β, and C3 siRNAs, or sterile PBS (control) using a modified protocol for encapsulation of nucleic acids. TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and IBA1 immunohistochemistry was used to determine histological cell death and inflammation. qPCR were used to determine the stress and inflammatory profile of the retina. Electroretinography (ERG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were employed as clinical indicators of retinal health. Results We showed that macrophage recruitment, retinal stress, and photoreceptor cell death in animals receiving Invivofectamine 3.0 were comparable to those in negative controls. Following delivery of Invivofectamine 3.0 alone, no statistically significant changes in expression were found in a suite of inflammatory and stress genes, and ERG and OCT analyses revealed no changes in retinal function or morphology. Injections with siRNAs for proinflammatory genes (C3 and Il-1β) and Gapdh, in combination with Invivofectamine 3.0, resulted in statistically significant targeted gene knockdown in the retina for up to 4 days following injection. Using a fluorescent Block-It siRNA, transfection was visualized throughout the neural retina with evidence of transfection observed in cells of the ganglion cell layer, inner nuclear layer, and outer nuclear layer. Conclusions This work supports the use of Invivofectamine 3.0 as a transfection agent for effective delivery of nucleic acids to the retina for gene function studies and as potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Chu-Tan
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia,The Australian National University Medical School, Acton, Australia
| | - Nilisha Fernando
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Riemke Aggio-Bruce
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Adrian V. Cioanca
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Krisztina Valter
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia,The Australian National University Medical School, Acton, Australia
| | - Nektaria Andronikou
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia,Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA
| | - Xavier deMollerat du Jeu
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia,Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA
| | - Matt Rutar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jan Provis
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia,The Australian National University Medical School, Acton, Australia
| | - Riccardo Natoli
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia,The Australian National University Medical School, Acton, Australia
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Polina ER, Oliveira FM, Sbruzzi RC, Crispim D, Canani LH, Santos KG. Gene polymorphism and plasma levels of miR-155 in diabetic retinopathy. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:1591-1599. [PMID: 31751306 PMCID: PMC6933831 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circulating microRNA-155 (miR-155) is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the rs767649 polymorphism in the pre-MIR155 gene is associated with miR-155 expression. However, their relationship with diabetic retinopathy (DR) is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this case-control study was to test the hypothesis that the rs767649 polymorphism in the pre-MIR155 gene is associated with DR in South Brazilians with T2DM. We also evaluated the association of plasma levels of miR-155 with DR and the rs767649 polymorphism in a subgroup of subjects. The rs767649 polymorphism was genotyped in 139 blood donors and 546 T2DM patients (244 had no DR, 161 had non-proliferative DR and 141 had proliferative DR). miR-155 expression was quantified in 20 blood donors and 60 T2DM patients (20 from each group). Among T2DM patients, the carriership of the A allele and the A allele were more frequent in subjects with DR than in those without it (P < 0.05), and the A allele was independently associated with an increased risk of DR (adjusted OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.12-4.01). The plasma levels of miR-155 were lower in T2DM patients than in blood donors (P < 0.001). However, the miR-155 levels did not differ according to the presence and severity of DR or according to rs767649 genotypes among T2DM patients. These findings support that the rs767649 polymorphism in the pre-MIR155 gene is associated with DR in T2DM and that the miR-155 plasma levels might be associated with T2DM. Additional studies are needed to further investigate their clinical significance in DR and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Polina
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - F M Oliveira
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - R C Sbruzzi
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - D Crispim
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - L H Canani
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - K G Santos
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Correspondence should be addressed to K G Santos:
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50
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Oltra M, Vidal-Gil L, Maisto R, Oltra SS, Romero FJ, Sancho-Pelluz J, Barcia JM. miR302a and 122 are deregulated in small extracellular vesicles from ARPE-19 cells cultured with H 2O 2. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17954. [PMID: 31784665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common retina-related disease leading to blindness. Little is known on the origin of the disease, but it is well documented that oxidative stress generated in the retinal pigment epithelium and choroid neovascularization are closely involved. The study of circulating miRNAs is opening new possibilities in terms of diagnosis and therapeutics. miRNAs can travel associated to lipoproteins or inside small Extracellular Vesicles (sEVs). A number of reports indicate a significant deregulation of circulating miRNAs in AMD and experimental approaches, but it is unclear whether sEVs present a significant miRNA cargo. The present work studies miRNA expression changes in sEVs released from ARPE-19 cells under oxidative conditions (i.e. hydrogen peroxide, H2O2). H2O2 increased sEVs release from ARPE-19 cells. Moreover, 218 miRNAs could be detected in control and H2O2 induced-sEVs. Interestingly, only two of them (hsa-miR-302a and hsa-miR-122) were significantly under-expressed in H2O2-induced sEVs. Results herein suggest that the down regulation of miRNAs 302a and 122 might be related with previous studies showing sEVs-induced neovascularization after oxidative challenge in ARPE-19 cells.
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