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Buonfiglio F, Ponto KA, Pfeiffer N, Kahaly GJ, Gericke A. Redox mechanisms in autoimmune thyroid eye disease. Autoimmun Rev 2024:103534. [PMID: 38527685 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune condition affecting the orbit and the eye with its adnexa, often occurring as an extrathyroidal complication of Graves' disease (GD). Orbital inflammatory infiltration and the stimulation of orbital fibroblasts, triggering de novo adipogenesis, an overproduction of hyaluronan, myofibroblast differentiation, and eventual tissue fibrosis are hallmarks of the disease. Notably, several redox signaling pathways have been shown to intensify inflammation and to promote adipogenesis, myofibroblast differentiation, and fibrogenesis by upregulating potent cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. While existing treatment options can manage symptoms and potentially halt disease progression, they come with drawbacks such as relapses, side effects, and chronic adverse effects on the optic nerve. Currently, several studies shed light on the pathogenetic contributions of emerging factors within immunological cascades and chronic oxidative stress. This review article provides an overview on the latest advancements in understanding the pathophysiology of TED, with a special focus of the interplay between oxidative stress, immunological mechanisms and environmental factors. Furthermore, cutting-edge therapeutic approaches targeting redox mechanisms will be presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Buonfiglio
- Departments of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Katharina A Ponto
- Departments of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Departments of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - George J Kahaly
- Medicine I (GJK), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Adrian Gericke
- Departments of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University, Mainz, Germany.
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Miao Q, Tang C, Yang Y, Zhao Q, Li F, Qin Y, Zhang J. Deposition and bioconversion law of β-carotene in laying hens after long-term supplementation under adequate vitamin A status in the diet. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103046. [PMID: 37708765 PMCID: PMC10502406 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Carotene, because it is the precursor of vitamin A and has versatile biological roles, has been applied as a feed additive in the poultry industry for a long time. In this study, we investigated the deposition and bioconversion of β-carotene in laying hens. A total of 600 Hy-line brown laying hens at 40 wk of age were randomly divided into 5 dietary treatments, each group's dietary supplemental levels of β-carotene were 0, 15, 30, 60, 120 mg/kg feed, and the vitamin A levels were all 8,000 IU/kg. After 14-wk trial, samples were collected, then carotenoids and different forms of vitamin A were detected using the novel method developed by our laboratory. We found that dietary β-carotene treatment had no significant effects on laying hens' production performance and egg quality (P > 0.05), except the yolk color. The deposition of β-carotene in the body gradually increased (P < 0.01) with the supplemental dose, whereas the contents of lutein and zeaxanthin decreased (P < 0.05). When the β-carotene supplemental level was above 30 mg/kg in the diet, the different forms of vitamin A in in serum, liver, ovary, and yolks were increased compared to the control group (P < 0.05). However, these indicators decreased when the additional dose was 120 mg/kg. Moreover, the mRNA levels of the genes involved in β-carotene absorption, bioconversion, and negative feedback regulation in duodenal mucosa and liver were upregulated after long-term feeding (P < 0.05). Histological staining of the ovaries indicated that the deposition of β-carotene led to a lower rate of follicle atresia (P < 0.05), and this positive effects may be related to the antioxidant function of β-carotene, which caused a reduction of oxidation products in the ovary (P < 0.05). Altogether, β-carotene could accumulate in laying hens intactly and exert its biological functions in tissue. Meanwhile, a part of β-carotene could also be converted into vitamin A but this bioconversion has an upper limit and negative feedback regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaohua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Youyou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fadi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuchang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Buonfiglio F, Böhm EW, Pfeiffer N, Gericke A. Oxidative Stress: A Suitable Therapeutic Target for Optic Nerve Diseases? Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1465. [PMID: 37508003 PMCID: PMC10376185 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Optic nerve disorders encompass a wide spectrum of conditions characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and subsequent degeneration of the optic nerve. The etiology of these disorders can vary significantly, but emerging research highlights the crucial role of oxidative stress, an imbalance in the redox status characterized by an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in driving cell death through apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation. This review provides an overview of ROS-related processes underlying four extensively studied optic nerve diseases: glaucoma, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), and optic neuritis (ON). Furthermore, we present preclinical findings on antioxidants, with the objective of evaluating the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting oxidative stress in the treatment of optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Buonfiglio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Elsa Wilma Böhm
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Farasati Far B, Broomand Lomer N, Gharedaghi H, Sahrai H, Mahmoudvand G, Karimi Rouzbahani A. Is beta-carotene consumption associated with thyroid hormone levels? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1089315. [PMID: 37305054 PMCID: PMC10250628 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1089315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The thyroid hormones play a pivotal role in various physiological processes, including growth, metabolism regulation, and reproduction. While non-modifiable factors are known to impact thyroid function, such as genetics and age, nutritional factors are also important. Diets rich in selenium and iodine are conventionally acknowledged to be beneficial for the production and release of thyroid hormones. Recent studies have suggested a potential link between beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A (retinol), and thyroid function. Beta-carotene is known for its antioxidant properties and has been shown to play a role in the prevention of various clinical conditions such as cancer and cardiovascular and neurological diseases. However, its impact on thyroid function is still unclear. Some studies have suggested a positive association between beta-carotene levels and thyroid function, while others have found no significant effect. Conversely, the hormone produced by the thyroid gland, thyroxine, enhances the conversion of beta-carotene to retinol. Furthermore, vitamin A derivatives are being explored as potential therapeutic options for thyroid malignancies. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms through which beta-carotene/retinol and thyroid hormones interact and review the findings of clinical studies examining the association between beta-carotene consumption and thyroid hormone levels. Our review underscores the need for further research to clarify the relationship between beta-carotene and thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Farasati Far
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Hadi Sahrai
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Golnaz Mahmoudvand
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
- USERN Office, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Arian Karimi Rouzbahani
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
- USERN Office, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Hai YP, Lee ACH, Chen K, Kahaly GJ. Traditional Chinese medicine in thyroid-associated orbitopathy. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:1103-1113. [PMID: 36781592 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Orbital fibroblasts (OF) are considered the central target cells in the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO), which comprises orbital inflammation, orbital tissue edema, adipogenesis, fibrosis, oxidative stress and autophagy. Certain active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) demonstrated inhibition of TAO-OF in pre-clinical studies and they could be translated into novel therapeutic strategies. METHODS The pertinent and current literature of pre-clinical studies on TAO investigating the effects of active ingredients of TCM was reviewed using the NCBI PubMed database. RESULTS Eleven TCM compounds demonstrated inhibition of TAO-OF in-vitro and three of them (polydatin, curcumin, and gypenosides) resulted in improvement in TAO mouse models. Tanshinone IIA reduced inflammation, oxidative stress and adipogenesis. Both resveratrol and its precursor polydatin displayed anti-oxidative and anti-adipogenic properties. Celastrol inhibited inflammation and triptolide prevented TAO-OF activation, while icariin inhibited autophagy and adipogenesis. Astragaloside IV reduced inflammation via suppressing autophagy and inhibited fat accumulation as well as collagen deposition. Curcumin displayed multiple actions, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-adipogenic, anti-fibrotic and anti-angiogenic effects via multiple signaling pathways. Gypenosides reduced inflammation, oxidative stress, tissue fibrosis, as well as oxidative stress mediated autophagy and apoptosis. Dihydroartemisinin inhibited OF proliferation, inflammation, hyaluronan (HA) production, and fibrosis. Berberine attenuated inflammation, HA production, adipogenesis, and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Clinical trials of different phases with adequate power and sound methodology will be warranted to evaluate the appropriate dosage, safety and efficacy of these compounds in the management of TAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Hai
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Langenbeckstreet 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - A C H Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - G J Kahaly
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Langenbeckstreet 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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Dottore GR, Lanzolla G, Comi S, Menconi F, Mencacci LC, Dallan I, Marcocci C, Marinò M. Insights into the role of DNA methylation and gene expression in Graves' orbitopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 108:e160-e168. [PMID: 36334311 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT A role of DNA methylation in Graves' orbitopathy (GO) has been proposed. Design. To investigate DNA methylation and gene expression in orbital fibroblasts from control and GO patients, under basal conditions or following challenge with an anti-TSH receptor antibody (M22) or cytokines involved in GO; to investigate the relationship between DNA methylation and cell function (proliferation); to perform a methylome analysis. Setting. Referral Center. Materials. Orbital fibroblasts from six GO and six control patients. Intervention. None. Main Outcome Measure. Methylome analysis of the whole genome. Results. Global DNA methylation increased significantly both in control and GO fibroblasts upon incubation with M22. Expression of two selected genes (CYP19A1 and AIFM2) was variably affected by M22 and interleukin-6. M22 increased cell proliferation in control and GO fibroblasts, which correlated with global DNA methylation. Methylome analysis revealed 19,869 DNA regions differently methylated in GO fibroblasts, encompassing 3,957 genes and involving CpG islands, shores and shelves. One-hundred and nineteen gene families and subfamilies, 89 protein groups, 402 biological processes and seven pathways were involved. Three genes found to be differentially expressed were concordantly hyper- or hypomethylated. Among the differently methylated genes, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and several fibroblast growth factors and receptors were included. CONCLUSIONS We propose that, when exposed to an autoimmune environment, orbital fibroblasts undergo hyper- or hypomethylation of certain genes, involving CpG promoters, which results in differential gene expression, which may be responsible for functional alterations, in particular higher proliferation, and ultimately for the GO phenotype in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Rotondo Dottore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Lanzolla
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Comi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Menconi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lodovica Cristofani Mencacci
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, ENT Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Italy, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Iacopo Dallan
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, ENT Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Italy, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Marcocci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Marinò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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Li Z, Li C, Cheng P, Yu G. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa—alternative sources of natural carotenoids, lipids, and enzymes for industrial use. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Akbarian S, Chaibakhsh S, Kashkouli MB, Karimi N, Abdolalizadeh P, Ghahvehchian H. A Systematic Review on the Role of Antioxidants in Thyroid Eye Disease. J Curr Ophthalmol 2022; 34:16-24. [PMID: 35620378 PMCID: PMC9128423 DOI: 10.4103/joco.joco_266_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To systematically review the role of antioxidants in management of patients with thyroid eye disease (TED). Methods A literature search of the electronic databases was performed without restrictions on the date of publication till the end of March 2021, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Clinical trials, case-control studies, cohorts, case series, case reports, and experimental (including in vitro) studies in the English language were included. The primary outcome in human studies was improvement in severity, activity scores, and/or quality of life scores. There was a decrease in the level of H2O2-dependent oxidative stress, Hyaluronic acid release, reactive oxygen species, cell proliferation, or antifibrotic/antiproliferative actions in the in vitro studies. Results Out of 374 initially screened articles, 157 studies were selected, the full texts of 82 were reviewed, and 14 papers were finally included. There were 4 clinical and 10 in vitro studies from 1993 to 2018. While β-carotene, retinol, Vitamin E, Vitamin C, melatonin, resveratrol, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, and quercetin showed some efficacy in in vitro studies; allopurinol, nicotinamide, pentoxifylline, and selenium (Se) were effective in both clinical and experimental reports. Se was the only recommended antioxidant based on one high-level randomized controlled trial. Conclusion While different antioxidants could potentially be effective in the management of TED, no strong recommendation for any or combination of antioxidants could be made to be implemented in the daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Akbarian
- Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Chaibakhsh
- Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Bahmani Kashkouli
- Skull Base Research Center, Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Karimi
- Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parya Abdolalizadeh
- Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghahvehchian
- Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hou TY, Wu SB, Kau HC, Tsai CC. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Therapeutic Potential of Antioxidants in Graves' Ophthalmopathy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1871. [PMID: 34944687 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease. It is characterized initially by an inflammatory process, followed by tissue remodeling and fibrosis, leading to proptosis, exposure keratopathy, ocular motility limitation, and compressive optic neuropathy. The pathogenic mechanism is complex and multifactorial. Accumulating evidence suggests the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of GO. Cigarette smoking, a major risk factor for GO, has been shown to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxidative damage in GO orbital fibroblasts. In addition, an elevation in ROS and antioxidant enzymes is observed in tears, blood, and urine, as well as orbital fibroadipose tissues and fibroblasts from GO patients. In vitro and in vivo studies have examined the efficacy of various antioxidant supplements for GO. These findings suggest a therapeutic role of antioxidants in GO patients. This review summarizes the current understanding of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and potential antioxidants for the treatment of GO.
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Kim BY, Jang SY, Choi DH, Jung CH, Mok JO, Kim CH. Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Selenium on Orbital Fibroblasts of Patients With Graves Ophthalmopathy. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 37:476-481. [PMID: 33782320 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000001931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present study, the authors investigated the effects of selenium on inflammation, hyaluronan production, and oxidative stress in primary cultured orbital fibroblasts of patients with Graves ophthalmopathy (GO). METHODS Orbital adipose/connective tissue specimens were obtained during the course of orbital surgery for patients with GO (n = 7) and other noninflammatory problems (n = 5). After incubation with various concentrations of sodium selenite for 48 hours, supernatants from primary cultures were collected. Hyaluronan and cytokine levels were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. To determine the effect of selenium on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production stimulated by H2O2 (100 μM) for 30 minutes, the cells were pretreated with various concentrations of sodium selenite for 60 minutes. RESULTS Interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were significantly higher in orbital fibroblasts of patients with GO than in orbital fibroblasts of control patients. Hyaluronan production was suppressed by selenium in cultured orbital fibroblasts of patients with GO. Inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1α, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were suppressed by selenium in cultured orbital fibroblasts of patients with GO. IL-1β and IL-6 were not suppressed by selenium in cultured orbital fibroblasts of patients with GO. Selenium pretreatment reduced intracellular ROS generation stimulated by H2O2 in cultured orbital fibroblasts of patients with GO. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, hyaluronan production, inflammatory cytokines, and intracellular ROS generation were suppressed by selenium in cultured orbital fibroblasts of patients with GO. Several inflammatory cytokines may be suppressed by selenium in cultured orbital fibroblasts of patients with GO. This study provide the basis for use of selenium in the treatment of GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Sun-Young Jang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Dug-Hyun Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Chan-Hee Jung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Ji-Oh Mok
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Chul-Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine
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Londzin-Olesik M, Kos-Kudła B, Nowak A, Nowak M. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of Graves’
orbitopathy. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.9482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves’ disease (GD) is a chronic autoimmune condition in which the anti-thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibodies (TRAb) activate the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) located on thyrocytes, leading to excessive thyroid hormone production. TSHR is also expressed in extrathyroidal tissues, in particular, within the orbit. The serum levels of TRAb correlate with the severity and activity of thyroid orbitopathy (TO). TO is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of GD. It is an autoimmune inflammation of orbital tissues, that is, extraocular muscles, orbital adipose tissue or a lacrimal gland. Increased orbital fibroblast and adipocyte proliferation, overproduction of glycosaminoglycans, as well as extraocular muscle oedema, result in increased orbital tissue volume and trigger the onset of TO symptoms. The pathophysiology of TO is complex and has not been fully unexplained to date. Orbital fibroblasts show expression of the TSHR, which is the main target of autoimmunity. It has been hypothesised that T-cell activation induced by orbital receptor stimulation by the target antibody results in orbital tissue infiltration, triggering a cascade of events which leads to the production of cytokines, growth factors and reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS cause damage to many components of the cell: the cell membrane through the peroxidation of lipids and proteins leading to a loss of their function and enzymatic activity. Oxidative stress leads to the activation of the antioxidant system, which operates through two mechanisms: enzymatic and non-enzymatic. Assessment of the concentration of oxidative stress markers and the concentration or activity of anti-oxidative system parameters enables the evaluation of oxidative stress severity, which in the future may be utilized to assess treatment efficacy and prognosis in patients with active OT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Londzin-Olesik
- Klinika Endokrynologii i Nowotworów Neuroendokrynnych, Katedra Patofizjologii i Endokrynologii, Wydział Nauk Medycznych w Zabrzu, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach
| | - Beata Kos-Kudła
- Klinika Endokrynologii i Nowotworów Neuroendokrynnych, Katedra Patofizjologii i Endokrynologii, Wydział Nauk Medycznych w Zabrzu, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach
| | - Aleksandra Nowak
- Studenckie Koło Naukowe, Zakład Patofizjologii, Katedra Patofizjologii i Endokrynologii, Wydział Nauk Medycznych w Zabrzu, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach
| | - Mariusz Nowak
- Zakład Patofizjologii, Katedra Patofizjologii i Endokrynologii, Wydział Nauk Medycznych w Zabrzu, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach
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Rotondo Dottore G, Bucci I, Lanzolla G, Dallan I, Sframeli A, Torregrossa L, Casini G, Basolo F, Figus M, Nardi M, Marcocci C, Marinò M. Genetic Profiling of Orbital Fibroblasts from Patients with Graves' Orbitopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e2176-e2190. [PMID: 33484567 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is an autoimmune disease that persists when immunosuppression is achieved. Orbital fibroblasts from GO patients display peculiar phenotypes even if not exposed to autoimmunity, possibly reflecting genetic or epigenetic mechanisms, which we investigated here. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore potential genetic or epigenetic differences using primary cultures of orbital fibroblasts from GO and control patients. METHODS Cell proliferation, hyaluronic acid (HA) secretion, and HA synthases (HAS) were measured. Next-generation sequencing and gene expression analysis of the whole genome were performed, as well as real-time-PCR of selected genes and global DNA methylation assay on orbital fibroblasts from 6 patients with GO and 6 control patients from a referral center. RESULTS Cell proliferation was higher in GO than in control fibroblasts. Likewise, HA in the cell medium was higher in GO fibroblasts. HAS-1 and HAS-2 did not differ between GO and control fibroblasts, whereas HAS-3 was more expressed in GO fibroblasts. No relevant gene variants were detected by whole-genome sequencing. However, 58 genes were found to be differentially expressed in GO compared with control fibroblasts, and RT-PCR confirmed the findings in 10 selected genes. We postulated that the differential gene expression was related to an epigenetic mechanism, reflecting diverse DNA methylation, which we therefore measured. In support of our hypothesis, global DNA methylation was significantly higher in GO fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS We propose that, following an autoimmune insult, DNA methylation elicits differential gene expression and sustains the maintenance of GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Rotondo Dottore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Lanzolla
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Iacopo Dallan
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, ENT Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Sframeli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Ophthalmopathy Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Liborio Torregrossa
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Pathology Unit, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giamberto Casini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Ophthalmopathy Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fulvio Basolo
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Pathology Unit, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Figus
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Ophthalmopathy Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Nardi
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Ophthalmopathy Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Marcocci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Marinò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Deenin W, Malakul W, Boonsong T, Phoungpetchara I, Tunsophon S. Papaya improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese rats by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation and lipogenic gene expression. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:315-327. [PMID: 33815675 PMCID: PMC8006076 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i3.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global health issue that is correlated with obesity and oxidative stress.
AIM To evaluate the anti-NAFLD effect of papaya in high fat diet induced obesity in rats.
METHODS Four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups after 1 wk of acclimatization: Group 1 was the rats fed a normal diet (C); group 2 was the rats fed a high fat diet (HFD); group 3 was the rats fed a HFD with 0.5 mL of papaya juice/100 g body weight (HFL), and group 4 was the rats fed a HFD with 1 mL of papaya juice/100 g body weight (HFH) for 12 wk. At the end of the treatment, blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical analyses and histological assessment.
RESULTS The results of the HFH group showed significantly reduced body weight (HFH vs HFD, P < 0.01), decreased NAFLD score (HFH vs HFD, P < 0.05), and reduced hepatic total cholesterol (HFL vs HFD, P < 0.01; HFH vs HFD, P < 0.001), hepatic triglyceride (HFH vs HFD, P < 0.05), malondialdehyde (HFL, HFH vs HFD, P < 0.001), tumour necrosis factor-α (HFH vs HFD, P < 0.05) and interleukin-6 (HFH vs HFD, P < 0.05) when compared to the HFD group. However, the liver weight showed no significant difference among the groups. The activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase significantly increased in HFH when compared with the HFD group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). The suppression of transcriptional factors of hepatic lipogenesis, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c and fatty acid synthase, were observed in the papaya treated group (HFH vs HFD, P < 0.05). These beneficial effects of papaya against HFD-induced NAFLD are through lowering hepatic lipid accumulation, suppressing the lipogenic pathway, improving the balance of antioxidant status, and lowering systemic inflammation.
CONCLUSION These current results provide experimental-based evidence suggesting papaya is an efficacious medicinal fruit for use in the prevention or treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwisa Deenin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Muang 65000, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Wachirawadee Malakul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Muang 65000, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Tantip Boonsong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Muang 65000, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Ittipon Phoungpetchara
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Muang 65000, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Sakara Tunsophon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Muang 65000, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Muang 65000, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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14
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Ruggeri RM, Giovinazzo S, Barbalace MC, Cristani M, Alibrandi A, Vicchio TM, Giuffrida G, Aguennouz MH, Malaguti M, Angeloni C, Trimarchi F, Hrelia S, Campennì A, Cannavò S. Influence of Dietary Habits on Oxidative Stress Markers in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Thyroid 2021; 31:96-105. [PMID: 32729374 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: There is a growing awareness that nutritional habits may influence risk of several inflammatory and immune-mediated disorders, including autoimmune diseases, through various mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to investigate dietary habits and their relationship with redox homeostasis in the setting of thyroid autoimmunity. Materials and Methods: Two hundred subjects (173 females and 27 males; median age, 37 years) were enrolled. None were under any pharmacological treatment. Exclusion criteria were any infectious/inflammatory/autoimmune comorbidity, kidney failure, diabetes, and cancer. In each subject, serum thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine, antithyroid antibodies, and circulating oxidative stress markers were measured. A questionnaire on dietary habits, evaluating the intake frequencies of food groups and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, was submitted to each participant. Results: Among the 200 recruited subjects, 81 (71 females and 10 males) were diagnosed with euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT); the remaining 119 (102 females and 17 males) served as controls. In questionnaires, HT subjects reported higher intake frequencies of animal foods (meat, p = 0.0001; fish, p = 0.0001; dairy products, p = 0.004) compared with controls, who reported higher intake frequencies of plant foods (legumes, p = 0.001; fruits and vegetables, p = 0.030; nuts, p = 0.0005). The number of subjects who preferentially consumed poultry instead of red/processed meat was lower in HT subjects than in controls (p = 0.0141). In logistic regression analysis, meat consumption was associated with increased odds ratio of developing thyroid autoimmunity, while the Mediterranean diet traits were protective. In HT subjects, serum advanced glycation end products (markers of oxidative stress) were significantly higher (p = 0.0001) than in controls, while the activity of glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase, as well as total plasma antioxidant activity, were lower (p = 0.020, p = 0.023, and p = 0.002, respectively), indicating a condition of oxidative stress. Stepwise regression models demonstrated a significant dependence of oxidative stress parameters on consumption of animal foods, mainly meat. Conclusions: The present study suggests a protective effect of low intake of animal foods toward thyroid autoimmunity and a positive influence of such nutritional patterns on redox balance and potentially on oxidative stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Maddalena Ruggeri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Maria Cristina Barbalace
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cristani
- Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Unit of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Economics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa M Vicchio
- Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giuffrida
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mohamed H Aguennouz
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Malaguti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alfredo Campennì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, Unit of Nuclear Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cannavò
- Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Department of Human Pathology DETEV, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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15
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Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of Graves hyperthyroidism (GH) and Graves orbitopathy (GO) and an antioxidant approach has been proposed for both. In GH, a disbalance of the cell redox state is associated with thyroid hyperfunction and antithyroid medications may reduce oxidative stress. Tissue hypoxia participates in the pathogenesis of GO, and oxygen free radicals are involved in the typical changes of orbital tissues as reported by in vitro and clinical studies. Antioxidant agents, especially selenium, have been proposed as a therapeutic option for GH and GO. A clinical study regarding the use of selenium in mild GO has provided evidence for a beneficial effect in the short term, even though its beneficial effects in the long term are still to be investigated. In addition to selenium, a protective role of other antioxidant agents, i.e., quercetin, enalapril, vitamin C, N-acetyl-L-cysteine and melatonin has been suggested by in vitro studies, although clinical studies are lacking. Here, we review the role of oxidative stress and antioxidant agents in GH and GO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Marcocci
- *Claudio Marcocci, Endocrinology Unit II, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, IT–56124 Pisa (Italy),
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16
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Londzin-Olesik M, Kos-Kudla B, Karpe J, Nowak A, Nowak M. The Effect of Immunosuppression on Selected Antioxidant Parameters in Patients with Graves' Disease with Active Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2021; 129:762-9. [PMID: 33157557 DOI: 10.1055/a-1274-0998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Thyroid-associated orbitopathy, the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease, is an autoimmune inflammation of orbital soft tissue. We report the study assessing the effect of immunosuppressive treatment with methylprednisolone on selected antioxidant parameters in patients with Graves' disease with active thyroid-associated orbitopathy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Activity and serum levels of selected antioxidant parameters as well as lipid peroxidation products were determined in a group of 56 patients with active thyroid-associated orbitopathy at three time-points: at baseline, after the discontinuation of intravenous methylprednisolone treatment and at 3 months after the discontinuation of additional oral methylprednisolone treatment. A control group consisted of 20 healthy age- and sex-matched volunteers. RESULTS We found an increased activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and increased serum levels of uric acid, malondialdehyde and conjugated dienes, as well as a reduced activity of paraoxonase-1 and reduced serum vitamin C level in the study group at baseline. Systemic intravenous and oral methylprednisolone therapy led to normalization of activity and concentration of the most studied parameters. CONCLUSION Results of our study confirmed that oxidative stress is one of the factors involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated orbitopathy and the methyloprednisolone treatment is effective in reducing both clinical symptoms and oxidative stress in patients with this disease.
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17
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Ruggeri RM, Barbalace MC, Cristani MT, Alibrandi A, Giovinazzo S, Giuffrida G, Trimarchi F, Cannavò S, Campennì A. Serum levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are increased and their soluble receptor (sRAGE) reduced in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:1337-1342. [PMID: 32232775 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are increased in conditions of oxidative stress and promote inflammation by interacting with their receptor RAGE on cell membrane. By contrast, the soluble receptor sRAGE exerts protective effects by competing with RAGE for ligand binding. AGEs/sRAGEs interaction is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases related to oxidative stress. In the present study, we evaluated the AGEs/sRAGEs oxidative balance in Hashimoto' thyroiditis (HT). METHODS We measured the levels of sRAGE, by ELISA, and AGEs, by spectrophotometric method, in the serum of 50 HT patients (5 M, 45 F; mean age 38.5 ± 12 years) and 50 age-, sex- and BMI-matched healthy controls. All subjects were euthyroid at recruitment and none was on LT-4 therapy. RESULTS Serum sRAGEs were significantly lower (median 424 vs 738 pg/ml; p = 0.001) and AGEs higher (205 vs 114 AU/g prot; p = 0.001) in HT patients compared to controls, and the two parameters were inversely correlated (p = 0.016). Accordingly, the AGEs/sRAGEs ratio was threefold higher in HT patients than controls (0.48 vs 0.15; p = 0.0001). In regression analysis models, serum TPO-Ab were the main predictors for AGEs and sRAGEs levels and AGEs/sRAGEs ratio (p < 0.0001), irrespective of TSH and/or FT4 values. CONCLUSION sRAGEs were decreased and AGEs increased, suggesting a dysregulation of AGE/sRAGEs-related oxidative homeostasis in HT patients, even when in euthyroid status. Autoimmunity per se seems to play an important role in AGEs/sRAGE imbalance, irrespective of thyroid function alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Ruggeri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
- Endocrine Unit, University Hospital AOU Policlinico G. Martino, 98125, Messina, Italy.
| | - M C Barbalace
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M T Cristani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - A Alibrandi
- Unit of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Economics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Giovinazzo
- Endocrine Unit, University Hospital AOU Policlinico G. Martino, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - G Giuffrida
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Endocrine Unit, University Hospital AOU Policlinico G. Martino, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - F Trimarchi
- Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Cannavò
- Endocrine Unit, University Hospital AOU Policlinico G. Martino, 98125, Messina, Italy
- Department of Human Pathology DETEV, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - A Campennì
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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18
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Marinò M, Ionni I, Lanzolla G, Sframeli A, Latrofa F, Rocchi R, Marcocci C. Orbital diseases mimicking graves' orbitopathy: a long-standing challenge in differential diagnosis. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:401-411. [PMID: 31691261 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is the most common cause of orbital tissue inflammation, accounting for ~ 60% of all orbital inflammatory conditions in the population aged 21-60 years, and for ~ 40% in the population aged > 60 year. GO is observed in 25-30% of patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism and more rarely in association with hypothyroid autoimmune thyroiditis. In addition, a small proportion of GO patients (1-2%) do not have a clinically overt thyroid dysfunction. Clinically, GO is characterized by proptosis, inflammation involving the eyelids and the conjunctiva, extraocular muscle hypertrophy, with consequent reduction of ocular motility and diplopia, and in the most severe cases, compression of the optic nerves at the orbital apex, with reduction of visual acuity. At CT scan or MRI, a muscle increase involving the superior, medial and inferior rectus is quite typical. In the most severe forms, compression of the optic nerves at the orbital apex can be observed. Euthyroid GO is usually an early sign of a full-blown Graves' disease; however, in some cases, the orbital disease can remain isolated. Moreover, euthyroid GO can rarely be unilateral, which makes the picture even more confusing. Under those circumstances, the diagnostic process becomes obviously quite difficult, having other conditions mimicking GO been excluded. A number of inflammatory conditions affecting orbital tissue can mimic GO, thereby requiring an accurate evaluation for a proper differential diagnosis. The majority of these conditions are immune mediated. Most of them are benign, but they can be rather aggressive and some can cause visual loss. The most common inflammatory condition affecting orbital tissues and mimicking GO is idiopathic orbital inflammation. Other, more rare, orbital diseases that should be considered in the differential diagnosis are infections, orbital manifestations of systemic diseases, primitive and secondary orbital neoplasms, and orbital vascular alterations. In most instances, when an orbitopathy occurs in the absence of hyperthyroidism, the diagnosis of the disease underlying the ocular symptoms and signs is based on exclusion of the other conditions. Here we review the conditions that can mimic GO and how to distinguish them from this obnoxious eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marinò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - I Ionni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Lanzolla
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Sframeli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Ophthalmopathy Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Latrofa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Rocchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Marcocci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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19
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Ruggeri RM, D'Ascola A, Vicchio TM, Campo S, Gianì F, Giovinazzo S, Frasca F, Cannavò S, Campennì A, Trimarchi F. Selenium exerts protective effects against oxidative stress and cell damage in human thyrocytes and fibroblasts. Endocrine 2020; 68:151-162. [PMID: 31889242 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-02171-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Selenium, incorporated into specific seleno-enzymes, is essential to proper thyroid function and protect cells from oxidative damage induced by H2O2 during thyroid hormone synthesis. Several studies indicated that low selenium levels are associated with thyroid autoimmunity and related disorders, but real effectiveness of selenium supplementation in such diseases is still controversial. We evaluated the effect of selenium on oxidative damage in human thyrocytes and thyroid fibroblasts in vitro. METHODS To induce oxidative stress, primary cultures were exposed to H2O2, in the presence or the absence of selenium, as either selenomethionine or selenite. We performed the following assays: cell viability, caspase-3 activity, BCL-2/BAX gene expression, DNA fragmentation, malondialdehyde levels, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity measurements. RESULTS Thyrocytes and thyroid fibroblasts exposed to H2O2 and preincubated with both selenocompounds displayed a significant dose-dependent increase in cell viability compared to cells incubated with H2O2 alone. Pretreatment with selenomethionine and selenite significantly reduced caspase-3 activity and BAX mRNA levels and increased BCL-2 mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner. Accordingly, H2O2 induced a diffuse pattern of DNA degradation and an increase in malondialdehyde levels, which was prevented by the pretreatment with both selenomethionine and selenite. Both selenocompounds induced an increase in GPx activity, suggesting that these protective effects may be, almost in part, mediated by these selenoproteins. CONCLUSION In human thyrocytes and fibroblasts in vitro, selenium exerts protective effects against H2O2 in a dose-dependent manner, being selenite effective at lower doses than selenomethionine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria M Ruggeri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
- Endocrine Unit, University Hospital AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy.
| | - Angela D'Ascola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa M Vicchio
- Endocrine Unit, University Hospital AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Campo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Gianì
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Frasca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cannavò
- Endocrine Unit, University Hospital AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
- Department of Human Pathology DETEV, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alfredo Campennì
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morfo-Functional Images, Unit of Nuclear Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Jarmakiewicz-Czaja S, Piątek D, Filip R. The Influence of Nutrients on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. J Nutr Metab 2020; 2020:2894169. [PMID: 32190385 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2894169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases is a group of inflammatory diseases. The pathogenesis of diseases is multifactorial, which may include a Western-type diet. Diseases occur with periods of recurrence and remission. Many factors can have a beneficial effect on reducing the frequency of recurrence and prolonging the remission period. Such ingredients include dietary fibre, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, certain vitamins (D, C, and E), flavonoids, and minerals such as zinc and selenium. Properly selected nutrition might be an integral part of the treatment of patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.
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Abstract
The balance of the cell redox state is a key point for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation leads to oxidative damage of tissues, which is involved in the development of several diseases, including autoimmune diseases. Graves' Orbitopathy (GO) is a disfiguring autoimmune-related condition associated with Graves' Disease (GD). Patients with active, moderate-to-severe GO, are generally treated with high doses intravenous glucocorticoids (ivGCs) and/or orbital radiotherapy. On the contrary, up to recently, local ointments were the treatment most frequently offered to patients with mild GO, because the risks related to ivGCs does not justify the relatively poor benefits expected in mild GO. However, a medical treatment for these patients is heavily wanted, considering that GO can progress into more severe forms and also patients with mild GO complain with an impairment in their quality of life. Thus, based on the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of GO, a therapy with antioxidant agents has been proposed and a number of studies have been performed, both in vitro and in vivo, which is reviewed here.
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22
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Ruggeri RM, Cristani M, Vicchio TM, Alibrandi A, Giovinazzo S, Saija A, Campennì A, Trimarchi F, Gangemi S. Increased serum interleukin-37 (IL-37) levels correlate with oxidative stress parameters in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:199-205. [PMID: 29796799 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Interleukin-37 (IL-37), member of the IL-1 family, is a natural suppressor of immune and inflammatory responses. Increased serum IL-37 levels were observed in several autoimmune diseases, including Graves' disease. To our knowledge, no data on Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) are available in the literature. METHODS Aim of our study was to measure serum IL-37 levels and evaluate their relationship, if any, with oxidative stress markers in HT patients. We enrolled 45 euthyroid HT patients (5 M e 40 F, median age 40 years) and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. None was under L-thyroxine therapy. Serum IL-37 levels were measured by ELISA. Specific serum tests, such as derived reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs), and biological anti-oxidant potential (BAP) test were performed in all subjects to investigate the changes in oxidative balance, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were determined as a specific marker of oxidative stress. RESULTS IL-37 levels were significantly higher in HT than in controls (median 475 vs. 268 pg/ml, P = 0.018). In the same patients, serum oxidants (d-ROMs) were increased and anti-oxidants (BAP) decreased compared with controls (P = 0.011 and < 0.0001, respectively), clearly indicating an enhanced oxidative stress. In addition, AGEs levels were higher in HT patients than in controls (210 vs. 140 AU/g prot, P < 0.0001) and directly correlated with IL-37 levels (P = 0.048). At multivariate analysis, the main independent predictors that influenced IL-37 levels were both anti-thyroid antibodies (P = 0.026) and AGEs levels (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS IL-37 is up-regulated in HT and may exert a protective role by counteracting oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Ruggeri
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
- UOC di Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Padiglione H, 4 piano - Policlinico Universitario "G. Martino", 98125, Messina, Italy.
| | - M Cristani
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - T M Vicchio
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - A Alibrandi
- Unit of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Economics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Giovinazzo
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - A Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - A Campennì
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, and Morpho-Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - F Trimarchi
- Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Postgraduate School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Xin Z, Hua L, Yang YL, Shi TT, Liu W, Tuo X, Li Y, Cao X, Yang FY. A Pathway Analysis Based on Genome-Wide DNA Methylation of Chinese Patients with Graves' Orbitopathy. Biomed Res Int 2019; 2019:9565794. [PMID: 30733969 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9565794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis Graves' Orbitopathy (GO) is not yet fully understood. Here, we conducted a pathway analysis based on genome-wide DNA methylation data of Chinese GO patients to explore GO-related pathways and potential feature genes. Methods Six GO patients and 6 age-matched control individuals were recruited, and a genome-scale screen of DNA methylation was measured using their peripheral blood sample. After extracting the differentially methylated regions (DMRs), we classified DMRs into three clusters with respect to median absolute deviation (MAD) for GO and control group, respectively. Then the extract tests were performed to identify significant pathways by comparing the counts of genes in each cluster between GO and control group in a pathway. For each significant pathway, we calculated the Methylation-based Inference of Regulatory Activity (MIRA) score to infer the regulatory activity of genes involved in the pathway. Furthermore, we took the significant pathways as the subsets and applied Random forests (RF) method to extract GO-related feature genes. Results We identified four potential significant pathways associated with the occurrence and development of GO disease. There were Toxoplasmosis, Axon guidance, Focal adhesion, and Proteoglycans in cancer (p<0.001 or p=0.007). The identified genes involved in the significant pathways, such as LDLR (p=0.019), CDK5 (p=0.036), and PIK3CB (p=0.020), were found to be correlated with GO phenotype. Conclusion Our study suggested pathway analyses can help understand the potential relationships between the DNA methylation level of some certain genes and their regulation in Chinese GO patients.
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Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate thiol-disulfide homeostasis (TDH) and its relationship with clinical findings in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). Methods: This study included 52 patients with GO and 34 healthy controls. Tests of TDH were conducted using the novel automated spectrophotometric method. Clinical activity score (CAS) and ophthalmopathy index were evaluated and relationships with native thiol, disulfide levels and disulfide/native thiol % ratios were analyzed. Results: The mean plasma native thiol levels in GO patients were significantly lower than that of normal controls (p = 0.013) . The mean plasma disulfide levels and disulfide/native thiol % ratio were found to be significantly higher in GO patients than in controls (p = 0.041, p = 0.022; respectively). The mean native thiol levels of active GO patients (n = 24) were significantly lower than that of patients with inactive GO (n = 28) (p = 0.044). The mean disulfide levels and disulfide/native thiol % ratios of active GO patients were significantly higher than that of patients with inactive GO (p = 0.034, p = 0.001; respectively). There was a negative correlation between native thiol and CAS (r = -0.532, p = 0.001) and a positive correlation between disulfide/native thiol % ratio and CAS (r = 0.601, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The impairment of TDH indicates the presence of oxidative stress in moderate-to-severe GO, particularly in active GO and smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Yuksel
- Ophthalmology Department, Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Burak Tanriverdi
- Medical Faculty, Ophthalmology Department, Yıldırım Beyazıt University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Betul Ipteç
- Medical Faculty, Medical Biochemistry Department, Yıldırım Beyazıt University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ozcan Erel
- Medical Faculty, Medical Biochemistry Department, Yıldırım Beyazıt University , Ankara , Turkey
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