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Bhattacharya S, Deka P, Das S, Ali S, Choudhury B, Kakati P, Kumar S. Spillover of Newcastle disease virus to Himalayan Griffon vulture: a possible food-based transmission. Virus Genes 2024:10.1007/s11262-024-02072-9. [PMID: 38739246 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-024-02072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) affects wild and domesticated bird species, including commercial poultry. Although the diversity of NDV in domestic chickens is well documented, limited information is available about Newcastle disease (ND) outbreaks in other bird species. We report an annotated sequence of NDV/Vulture/Borjuri/01/22, an avirulent strain of NDV reported from Borjuri, Northeast India, in Himalayan Griffon vulture. The complete genome is 15,186 bases long with a fusion protein (F) cleavage site 112GRQGR↓L117. The phylogenetic analysis based on the F protein gene and the whole genome sequence revealed that the isolate from the vulture belongs to genotype II, sharing significant homology with vaccine strain LaSota. The study highlights the possible spillover of the virus from domestic to wild species through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinjini Bhattacharya
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Pankaj Deka
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University Khanapara Campus, Guwahati, Assam, 781022, India
| | - Sangeeta Das
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University Khanapara Campus, Guwahati, Assam, 781022, India
| | - Samshul Ali
- Centre for Wildlife Rehabilitation and Conservation, Kaziranga National Park, Bokakhat, Assam, 785612, India
| | | | | | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Takeda M. Cleavage-Activation of Respiratory Viruses - Half a Century of History from Sendai Virus to SARS-CoV-2. Jpn J Infect Dis 2024; 77:1-6. [PMID: 38030267 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2023.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Many viruses require the cleavage-activation of membrane fusion proteins by host proteases in the course of infection. This knowledge is based on historical studies of Sendai virus in the 1970s. From the 1970s to the 1990s, avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus were studied, showing a clear link between virulence and the cleavage-activation of viral membrane fusion proteins (hemagglutinin and fusion proteins) by host proteases. In these viruses, cleavage of viral membrane fusion proteins by furin is the basis for their high virulence. Subsequently, from the 2000s to the 2010s, the importance of TMPRSS2 in activating the membrane fusion proteins of various respiratory viruses, including seasonal influenza viruses, was demonstrated. In late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged and caused a pandemic. The virus continues to mutate, producing variants that have caused global pandemics. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is characterized by two cleavage sites, each of which is cleaved by furin and TMPRSS2 to achieve membrane fusion. SARS-CoV-2 variants exhibit altered sensitivity to these proteases. Thus, studying the cleavage-activation of membrane fusion proteins by host proteases is critical for understanding the ongoing pandemic and developing countermeasures against it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Takeda
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
- Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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Fortin A, Laconi A, Monne I, Zohari S, Andersson K, Grund C, Cecchinato M, Crimaudo M, Valastro V, D'Amico V, Bortolami A, Gastaldelli M, Varotto M, Terregino C, Panzarin V. A novel array of real-time RT-PCR assays for the rapid pathotyping of type I avian paramyxovirus (APMV-1). J Virol Methods 2023; 322:114813. [PMID: 37722509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) caused by virulent avian paramyxovirus type I (APMV-1) is a WOAH and EU listed disease affecting poultry worldwide. ND exhibits different clinical manifestations that may either be neurological, respiratory and/or gastrointestinal, accompanied by high mortality. In contrast, mild or subclinical forms are generally caused by lentogenic APMV-1 and are not subject to notification. The rapid discrimination of virulent and avirulent viruses is paramount to limit the spread of virulent APMV-1. The appropriateness of molecular methods for APMV-1 pathotyping is often hampered by the high genetic variability of these viruses that affects sensitivity and inclusivity. This work presents a new array of real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) assays that enable the identification of virulent and avirulent viruses in dual mode, i.e., through pathotype-specific probes and subsequent Sanger sequencing of the amplification product. Validation was performed according to the WOAH recommendations. Performance indicators on sensitivity, specificity, repeatability and reproducibility yielded favourable results. Reproducibility highlighted the need for assays optimization whenever major changes are made to the procedure. Overall, the new RT-qPCRs showed its ability to detect and pathotype all tested APMV-1 genotypes and its suitability for routine use in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fortin
- EU/WOAH/National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, FAO Reference Centre for Animal Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy; Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua (Unipd), 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Laconi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua (Unipd), 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Isabella Monne
- EU/WOAH/National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, FAO Reference Centre for Animal Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Siamak Zohari
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish National Veterinary Institute (SVA), SE751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristofer Andersson
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish National Veterinary Institute (SVA), SE751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Grund
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Mattia Cecchinato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua (Unipd), 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Marika Crimaudo
- EU/WOAH/National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, FAO Reference Centre for Animal Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Viviana Valastro
- EU/WOAH/National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, FAO Reference Centre for Animal Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Valeria D'Amico
- EU/WOAH/National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, FAO Reference Centre for Animal Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alessio Bortolami
- EU/WOAH/National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, FAO Reference Centre for Animal Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Michele Gastaldelli
- EU/WOAH/National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, FAO Reference Centre for Animal Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Maria Varotto
- EU/WOAH/National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, FAO Reference Centre for Animal Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Calogero Terregino
- EU/WOAH/National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, FAO Reference Centre for Animal Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Panzarin
- EU/WOAH/National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, FAO Reference Centre for Animal Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
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Goraichuk IV, Gerilovych A, Bolotin V, Solodiankin O, Dimitrov KM, Rula O, Muzyka N, Mezinov O, Stegniy B, Kolesnyk O, Pantin-Jackwood MJ, Miller PJ, Afonso CL, Muzyka D. Genetic diversity of Newcastle disease viruses circulating in wild and synanthropic birds in Ukraine between 2006 and 2015. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1026296. [PMID: 36742982 PMCID: PMC9893288 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1026296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infects a wide range of bird species worldwide and is of importance to the poultry industry. Although certain virus genotypes are clearly associated with wild bird species, the role of those species in the movement of viruses and the migratory routes they follow is still unclear. In this study, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of nineteen NDV sequences that were identified among 21,924 samples collected from wild and synanthropic birds from different regions of Ukraine from 2006 to 2015 and compared them with isolates from other continents. In synanthropic birds, NDV strains of genotype II, VI, VII, and XXI of class II were detected. The fusion gene sequences of these strains were similar to strains detected in birds from different geographical regions of Europe and Asia. However, it is noteworthy to mention the isolation of vaccine viruses from synanthropic birds, suggesting the possibility of their role in viral transmission from vaccinated poultry to wild birds, which may lead to the further spreading of vaccine viruses into other regions during wild bird migration. Moreover, here we present the first publicly available complete NDV F gene from a crow (genus Corvus). Additionally, our phylogenetic results indicated a possible connection of Ukrainian NDV isolates with genotype XXI strains circulating in Kazakhstan. Among strains from wild birds, NDVs of genotype 1 of class I and genotype I of class II were detected. The phylogenetic analysis highlighted the possible exchange of these NDV strains between wild waterfowl from the Azov-Black Sea region of Ukraine and waterfowl from different continents, including Europe, Asia, and Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna V. Goraichuk
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine,Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Anton Gerilovych
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Vitaliy Bolotin
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Olexii Solodiankin
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Kiril M. Dimitrov
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Oleksandr Rula
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Muzyka
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Mezinov
- The F.E. Falz-Fein Biosphere Reserve “Askania Nova”, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Askania-Nova, Kherson Oblast, Ukraine
| | - Borys Stegniy
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Kolesnyk
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Mary J. Pantin-Jackwood
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Patti J. Miller
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Claudio L. Afonso
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Denys Muzyka
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine,Department of Zoology, H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine,*Correspondence: Denys Muzyka ✉
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5
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Cao Y, Bo Z, Ruan B, Guo M, Zhang C, Zhang X, Wu Y. Construction of Novel Thermostable Chimeric Vaccine Candidates for Genotype VII Newcastle Disease Virus. Viruses 2022; 15:82. [PMID: 36680122 PMCID: PMC9866313 DOI: 10.3390/v15010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotype VII Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) has caused a pandemic in many countries and usually causes fatal consequences in infected chickens. Although current commercial attenuated NDV vaccines can provide an ideal protection against genotype VII NDV, they cannot completely prevent the infection and viral shedding, and the genotype of some vaccine strains cannot match with the prevalent strain. In this study, in order to construct a thermostable and genotype VII-matched live attenuated vaccine, we used a thermostable genotype VIII virulent HR09 strain as the backbone and replaced its F gene with that of the genotype VII DT-2014 strain. Meanwhile, the cleavage site of F gene of DT-2014 was mutated to that of class I F protein and avirulent class II F protein, respectively. The results showed that the two chimeric viruses, designated rcHR09-CI and rcHR09-CII, shared a similar growth kinetics and thermostability with their parental HR09 strain. Mean death time (MDT) and intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) tests showed that the two chimeric viruses were highly attenuated. Though both chimeric NDVs and La Sota vaccine strain could provide complete protection to immunized chickens against the challenge of virulent genotype VII ZJ1 strain, the two chimeric NDVs could induce a higher level of antibody response against ZJ1 strain and could significantly reduce the viral shedding compared with La Sota vaccine strain. In conclusion, our study constructed two chimeric thermostable genotype VII-matched NDV vaccine candidates, which provided complete protection against the challenge of virulent genotype VII NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhong Cao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zongyi Bo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Baoyang Ruan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mengjiao Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yantao Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Selim K, Adel A, Eid S, Shahein M. Development of real time reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of genotype VII of Newcastle disease viruses. Br Poult Sci 2022; 63:864-870. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2022.2094219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Selim
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, P.O. Box 264-Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Amany Adel
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, P.O. Box 264-Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Samah Eid
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, P.O. Box 264-Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Momtaz Shahein
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, P.O. Box 264-Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
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Deka P, Nath MK, Das S, Das BC, Phukan A, Lahkar D, Bora B, Shokeen K, Kumar A, Deka P. A study of risk factors associated with Newcastle disease and molecular characterization of genotype XIII Newcastle disease virus in backyard and commercial poultry in Assam, India. Res Vet Sci 2022; 150:122-130. [PMID: 35816768 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The continuous emergence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) poses a persistent threat to the poultry industry. Recent increasing outbreaks of NDV in the North East region of India have highlighted the need to closely monitor and analyze the potential risk factors for Newcastle disease (ND) outbreaks. In the present study, an attempt was made to genotype the circulating Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in the backyard and commercial poultry flocks in Assam, India. Sera samples from unvaccinated backyard poultry flocks and tissue samples of ND suspected cases were collected and tested for the presence of NDV antibodies using the Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. A total of seven NDV isolates were analyzed from different districts of Assam, India, both genotypically and pathotypically. All isolates were characterized as virulent, carrying 112RRKQRF117 amino acid residues at the cleavage site. As determined by phylogenetic analysis, the isolates clustered with members of genotype XIII of class II NDV. Further analysis of risk factors of ND occurrence was conducted through a questionnaire survey. All the results indicated an occurrence of genotype XIII of NDV in the farms with inadequate biosecurity and farming practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pubaleem Deka
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Mrinal Kumar Nath
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Sangeeta Das
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Bipin Chandra Das
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Arabinda Phukan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Deepa Lahkar
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Birina Bora
- Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamal Shokeen
- Department of BSBE, IIT, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Aman Kumar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Pankaj Deka
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India.
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Neault S, Bossow S, Achard C, Bell J, Diallo J, Leber M, Ungerechts G. Robust envelope exchange platform for oncolytic measles virus. J Virol Methods 2022; 302:114487. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sultan HA, Elfeil WK, Nour AA, Tantawy L, Kamel EG, Eed EM, El Askary A, Talaat S. Efficacy of the Newcastle Disease Virus Genotype VII.1.1-Matched Vaccines in Commercial Broilers. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 10:vaccines10010029. [PMID: 35062690 PMCID: PMC8779737 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Class II genotype VII Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) are predominant in the Middle East and Asia despite intensive vaccination programs using conventional live and inactivated NDV vaccines. In this study, the protective efficacies of three commercial vaccine regimes involving genotype II NDV, recombinant genotype VII NDV-matched, and an autogenous velogenic NDV genotype VII vaccine were evaluated against challenge with velogenic NDV genotype VII (accession number MG029120). Three vaccination regimes were applied as follows: group-1 received inactivated genotype II, group-2 received inactivated recombinant genotype VII NDV-matched, and group-3 received velogenic inactivated autogenous NDV genotype VII vaccines given on day 7; for the live vaccine doses, each group received the same live genotype II vaccine. The birds in all of the groups were challenged with NDV genotype VII, which was applied on day 28. Protection by the three regimes was evaluated after infection based on mortality rate, clinical signs, gross lesions, virus shedding, seroconversion, and microscopic changes. The results showed that these three vaccination regimes partially protected commercial broilers (73%, 86%, 97%, respectively, vs. 8.6% in non-vaccinated challenged and 0% in non-vaccinated non-challenged birds) against mortality at 10 days post-challenge (dpc). Using inactivated vaccines significantly reduced the virus shedding at the level of the number of shedders and the amount of virus that was shed in all vaccinated groups (G1-3) compared to in the non-vaccinated group (G-4). In conclusion, using closely genotype-matched vaccines (NDV-GVII) provided higher protection than using vaccines that were not closely genotype-matched and non-genotype-matched. The vaccine seeds that were closely related to genotype VII.1.1 provided higher protection against challenge against this genotype since it circulates in the Middle East region. Updating vaccine seeds with recent and closely related isolates provides higher protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham A. Sultan
- Department of Birds and Rabbits Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufiya 32958, Egypt; (E.G.K.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence: (H.A.S.); (W.K.E.)
| | - Wael K. Elfeil
- Avian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 51522, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.A.S.); (W.K.E.)
| | - Ahmed A. Nour
- Agriculture Research Center, National Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza 12566, Egypt;
| | - Laila Tantawy
- Agriculture Research Center, Pathology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza 12566, Egypt;
| | - Elsayed G. Kamel
- Department of Birds and Rabbits Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufiya 32958, Egypt; (E.G.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Emad M. Eed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.E.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Ahmad El Askary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.E.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Shaimaa Talaat
- Department of Birds and Rabbits Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufiya 32958, Egypt; (E.G.K.); (S.T.)
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Abstract
Ethanol is an effective disinfectant against the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. However, its effective concentration has not been shown, and we therefore analyzed the effects of different concentrations of ethanol on SARS-CoV-2. When SARS-CoV-2 was treated with varying ethanol concentrations and examined for changes in infectivity, the ethanol concentration at which 99% of the infectious titers were reduced was 24.1% (w/w) [29.3% (v/v)]. For reference, ethanol susceptibility was also examined with other envelope viruses, including influenza virus, vesicular stomatitis virus in the family Rhabdoviridae, and Newcastle disease virus in the family Paramyxoviridae, and the 99% inhibitory concentrations were found to be 28.8%(w/w) [34.8% (v/v)], 24.0% (w/w) [29.2% (v/v)], and 13.3% (w/w) [16.4% (v/v)], respectively. Some differences from SARS-CoV-2 were observed, but the differences were not significant. It was concluded that ethanol at a concentration of 30%(w/w) [36.2% (v/v)] almost completely inactivates SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihito Nomura
- Department of Virology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital
| | - Tanuza Nazmul
- Department of Virology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Reiko Yoshimoto
- Department of Virology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Akifumi Higashiura
- Department of Virology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Kosuke Oda
- Department of Virology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Takemasa Sakaguchi
- Department of Virology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
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11
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Kubota M, Hashiguchi T. Unique Tropism and Entry Mechanism of Mumps Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:1746. [PMID: 34578327 DOI: 10.3390/v13091746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mumps virus (MuV) is an important human pathogen that causes parotitis, orchitis, oophoritis, meningitis, encephalitis, and sensorineural hearing loss. Although mumps is a vaccine-preventable disease, sporadic outbreaks have occurred worldwide, even in highly vaccinated populations. MuV not only causes systemic infection but also has a unique tropism to glandular tissues and the central nervous system. In general, tropism can be defined by multiple factors in the viral life cycle, including its entry, interaction with host factors, and host-cell immune responses. Although the underlying mechanisms of MuV tropism remain to be fully understood, recent studies on virus-host interactions have provided insights into viral pathogenesis. This review was aimed at summarizing the entry process of MuV by focusing on the glycan receptors, particularly the recently identified receptors with a trisaccharide core motif, and their interactions with the viral attachment proteins. Here, we describe the receptor structures, their distribution in the human body, and the recently identified host factors for MuV and analyze their relationship with MuV tropism.
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Bari FD, Gelaye E, Tekola BG, Harder T, Beer M, Grund C. Antigenic and Molecular Characterization of Virulent Newcastle Disease Viruses Circulating in Ethiopia Between 1976 and 2008. Vet Med (Auckl) 2021; 12:129-140. [PMID: 34113553 PMCID: PMC8187085 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s297281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Newcastle disease virus (NDV) cultures held in the isolate collections in Ethiopia between 1976 and 2008 were not characterized using biological and molecular techniques. The already characterized NDV isolates belonged to genotype VI but the genetic nature of previously collected isolates, which could shade light on the history of introduction into the country and their evolutionary relationships, were not established. Methods A total of 14 NDVs (11 obtained from outbreak cases in chickens and three commercial vaccinal strains used in the country) were inoculated into specific pathogen free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs (ECE). Allantoic fluids harvested from grown SPF ECE were tested by heamagglutination (HA) and heamagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. Partial F gene sequences were generated for all samples and molecular evolutionary relationships were reconstructed together with reference sequences freely available online. The pathogenicities of the isolates were assessed in vivo by determining their intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) in day-old chicks and molecularly by determination of F gene cleavage sites. Results Of these, 12 viruses (two vaccines and 10 outbreaks) were successfully propagated as evidenced by a positive heamagglutination (HA) test. These 12 propagated viruses were further characterized by heamagglutination inhibition (HI) test, of which only three viruses reacted with monoclonal antibody (MAb 617/616) specific for pigeon paramyxovirus-1. In addition, all 14 viruses were characterized by partial fusion (F) gene sequencing and phylogenetic tree reconstruction. The Ethiopian NDV isolates clustered with genotype VI viruses, forming two clades (groups 1 and 2) that have ancestral relationships with Egypt-1990 and Sudan-1975 like viruses. Discussion The characterized genotype VI NDVs were genetically similar to currently circulating NDVs in Ethiopia. The isolates had cleavage sites consistent with mesogenic/velogenic NDV with a mean ICPI value of 1.76, indicating that the isolates were velogenic. Two and four highly virulent viruses were thermostable at 56°C for 2 hours and 1 hour, respectively. To reduce chicken mortality and production losses, proper control of the disease should be instituted using high quality and protective vaccines together with strong biosecurity measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fufa D Bari
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Timm Harder
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Grund
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany
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Shokeen K, Srivathsan A, Kumar S. Lithium chloride functions as Newcastle disease virus-induced ER-stress modulator and confers anti-viral effect. Virus Res 2020; 292:198223. [PMID: 33166563 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease is a severe clinical manifestation of avian species caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Although several vaccination strategies are available to protect poultry against NDV infection, even then, outbreaks have been reported in the vaccinated birds. The lack of therapeutics against NDV makes the need for effective anti-viral drugs is of utmost importance. Lithium Chloride (LiCl) is a widely prescribed drug for the treatment of bipolar disorder, acute brain injuries, and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Also, LiCl has been repurposed as an effective anti-viral drug for some viral infections. In the present work, we have investigated the efficacy of LiCl to inhibit NDV replication using in vitro, in ovo, and in vivo models. Our results collectively showed the modulation of NDV replication after the LiCl treatment. We also demonstrated that NDV induces endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER-stress), and a stress-inducible ER chaperone, glucose-regulating protein 78 (GRP78), was found to be over-expressed after NDV infection. Subsequently, the treatment of NDV infected cells with LiCl significantly reduced the transcript and protein levels of GRP78. Finally, we concluded that LiCl treatment protects the cells from ER-stress induced by the NDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Shokeen
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Ariktha Srivathsan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Ueo A, Kubota M, Shirogane Y, Ohno S, Hashiguchi T, Yanagi Y. Lysosome-Associated Membrane Proteins Support the Furin-Mediated Processing of the Mumps Virus Fusion Protein. J Virol 2020; 94:e00050-20. [PMID: 32295904 PMCID: PMC7307097 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00050-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mumps virus (MuV), an enveloped RNA virus of the Paramyxoviridae family and the causative agent of mumps, affects the salivary glands and other glandular tissues as well as the central nervous system. The virus enters the cell by inducing the fusion of its envelope with the plasma membrane of the target cell. Membrane fusion is mediated by MuV envelope proteins: the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and fusion (F) protein. Cleavage of the MuV F protein (MuV-F) into two subunits by the cellular protease furin is a prerequisite for fusion and virus infectivity. Here, we show that 293T (a derivative of HEK293) cells do not produce syncytia upon expression of MuV envelope proteins or MuV infection. This failure is caused by the inefficient MuV-F cleavage despite the presence of functional furin in 293T cells. An expression cloning strategy revealed that overexpression of lysosome-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs) confers on 293T cells the ability to produce syncytia upon expression of MuV envelope proteins. The LAMP family comprises the ubiquitously expressed LAMP1 and LAMP2, the interferon-stimulated gene product LAMP3, and the cell type-specific proteins. The expression level of the LAMP3 gene, but not of LAMP1 and LAMP2 genes, differed markedly between 293T and HEK293 cells. Overexpression of LAMP1, LAMP2, or LAMP3 allowed 293T cells to process MuV-F efficiently. Furthermore, these LAMPs were found to interact with both MuV-F and furin. Our results indicate that LAMPs support the furin-mediated cleavage of MuV-F and that, among them, LAMP3 may be critical for the process, at least in certain cells.IMPORTANCE The cellular protease furin mediates proteolytic cleavage of many host and pathogen proteins and plays an important role in viral envelope glycoprotein maturation. MuV, an enveloped RNA virus of the Paramyxoviridae family and an important human pathogen, enters the cell through the fusion of its envelope with the plasma membrane of the target cell. Membrane fusion is mediated by the viral attachment protein and the F protein. Cleavage of MuV-F into two subunits by furin is a prerequisite for fusion and virus infectivity. Here, we show that LAMPs support the furin-mediated cleavage of MuV-F. Expression levels of LAMPs affect the processing of MuV-F and MuV-mediated membrane fusion. Among LAMPs, the interferon-stimulated gene product LAMP3 is most critical in certain cells. Our study provides potential targets for anti-MuV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Ueo
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Marie Kubota
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuta Shirogane
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinji Ohno
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takao Hashiguchi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yanagi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Shirvani E, Varghese BP, Paldurai A, Samal SK. A recombinant avian paramyxovirus serotype 3 expressing the hemagglutinin protein protects chickens against H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus challenge. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2221. [PMID: 32042001 PMCID: PMC7010735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59124-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is a devastating disease of poultry and a serious threat to public health. Vaccination with inactivated virus vaccines has been applied for several years as one of the major policies to control highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infections in chickens. Viral-vectored HA protein vaccines are a desirable alternative for inactivated vaccines. However, each viral vector possesses its own advantages and disadvantages for the development of a HA-based vaccine against HPAIV. Recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rNDV) strain LaSota expressing HA protein vaccine has shown promising results against HPAIV; however, its replication is restricted only to the respiratory tract. Therefore, we thought to evaluate avian paramyxovirus serotype 3 (APMV-3) strain Netherlands as a safe vaccine vector against HPAIV, which has high efficiency replication in a greater range of host organs. In this study, we generated rAPMV-3 expressing the HA protein of H5N1 HPAIV using reverse genetics and evaluated the induction of neutralizing antibodies and protection by rAPMV3 and rNDV expressing the HA protein against HPAIV challenge in chickens. Our results showed that immunization of chickens with rAPMV-3 or rNDV expressing HA protein provided complete protection against HPAIV challenge. However, immunization of chickens with rAPMV-3 expressing HA protein induced higher level of neutralizing antibodies compared to that of rNDV expressing HA protein. These results suggest that a rAPMV-3 expressing HA protein might be a better vaccine for mass-vaccination of commercial chickens in field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edris Shirvani
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Berin P Varghese
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Anandan Paldurai
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Siba K Samal
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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Liu Y, Chi M, Wen H, Zhao L, Song Y, Liu N, Chi L, Wang Z. The DI–DII linker of human parainfluenza virus type 3 fusion protein is critical for the virus. Virus Genes 2020; 56:37-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01713-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gupta A, Deka P, Kumar S. Resiquimod inhibits Newcastle disease virus replication by modulating host cytokines: An understanding towards its possible therapeutics. Cytokine 2019; 125:154811. [PMID: 31446178 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infects domestic and wild avian species with high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although this disease is mainly controlled through NDV vaccines, alternative use of antiviral compounds is increasingly under study. Resiquimod (R-848), an imidazoquinoline compound is a potent synthetic agonist of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7). Until now reports regarding the adjuvant potential of resiquimod is well established against human viruses but has been less explored against avian viruses. In the present study, we have analysed the anti-NDV effect of resiquimod in chicken embryo fibroblast cells (DF-1) and embryonated chicken eggs. About 70% reduction in NDV replication was observed 48 h and 72 h post-resiquimod treatment in DF-1 cells. Furthermore, differential host genes expression was observed in resiquimod treated DF-1 cells, PBMCs, and tissue sample of chicken embryos at a different time point. Among all the analyzed genes, significant up-regulation of viperin, IFNα, IFNγ, IL-1β, TNFα, IL18 were observed in its transcriptional level. Furthermore, resiquimod treatment showed NDV reduction in two weeks old chickens. About 61% and 38% reduction in NDV replication was observed 72 h post-infection in lungs and spleen, respectively. The study suggests the modulation of host innate immunity regulatory genes by resiquimod, which eventually modulates the NDV replication. The result of the study could be explored further to establish resiquimod as an alternative antiviral compound against NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Pankaj Deka
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam 781022, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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Braun E, Sauter D. Furin-mediated protein processing in infectious diseases and cancer. Clin Transl Immunology 2019; 8:e1073. [PMID: 31406574 PMCID: PMC6682551 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic cleavage regulates numerous processes in health and disease. One key player is the ubiquitously expressed serine protease furin, which cleaves a plethora of proteins at polybasic recognition motifs. Mammalian substrates of furin include cytokines, hormones, growth factors and receptors. Thus, it is not surprising that aberrant furin activity is associated with a variety of disorders including cancer. Furthermore, the enzymatic activity of furin is exploited by numerous viral and bacterial pathogens, thereby enhancing their virulence and spread. In this review, we describe the physiological and pathophysiological substrates of furin and discuss how dysregulation of a simple proteolytic cleavage event may promote infectious diseases and cancer. One major focus is the role of furin in viral glycoprotein maturation and pathogenicity. We also outline cellular mechanisms regulating the expression and activation of furin and summarise current approaches that target this protease for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Braun
- Institute of Molecular VirologyUlm University Medical CenterUlmGermany
| | - Daniel Sauter
- Institute of Molecular VirologyUlm University Medical CenterUlmGermany
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19
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Takeda M. [Protease-dependent virus tropism and pathogenicity: The role for TMPRSS2]. Uirusu 2019; 69:61-72. [PMID: 32938895 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.69.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The distribution pattern of host proteases and their cleavage specificity for viral fusion glycoproteins are key determinants for viral tissue tropism and pathogenicity. The discovery of this protease-dependent virus tropism and pathogenicity has been triggered by the leading studies of the host-induced or -controlled modification of viruses by Homma et al. in 1970s. With the introduction of advanced protein analysis method, the observations by Homma et al. have been clearly explained by the cleavage activation of viral fusion glycoproteins by proteases. The molecular biological features of viruses, which show distinct protease specificity or dependency, have been also revealed by newly introduced nucleotide and molecular analysis method. Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) have multi-basic cleavage motif in the hemagglutinin (HA) protein and are activated proteolytically by furin. Furin is ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells and thereby HPAIVs have the potential to cause a systemic infection in infected animals. On the other hand, the HA cleavage site of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) and seasonal human influenza viruses is mono-basic and thus not recognized by furin. They are likely cleaved by protease(s) localized in specific organs or tissues. However, the protease(s), which cleaves mono-basic HA in vivo, has long been undetermined, although many proteases have been shown as candidates. Finally, recent studies using gene knocked out mice revealed that TMPRSS2, a member of type II transmembrane serine proteases, is responsible for the cleavage of influenza viruses with a mono-basic HA in vivo. A subsequent study further demonstrated that TMPRSS2 contributes to replication and pathology of emerging SARS- and MERS coronaviruses in vivo.
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Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), caused by virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is a devastating disease of poultry worldwide. The pathogenesis of ND in quail is poorly documented. To characterize the ability of virulent NDV strains to replicate and cause disease in quail, groups of 14 two-week-old Japanese quail ( Coturnix japonica) were experimentally inoculated with 108 EID50 (embryo infectious dose 50%) units of 1 of 4 virulent NDV strains: 2 isolated from quail ( N2, N23) and 2 from chickens ( Israel, Pakistan). At day 2 postinfection, noninfected quail (contact group) were added to each infection group to assess the efficacy of virus transmission. Tested NDV strains showed moderate pathogenicity, with highest mortality being 28% for the N2 strain and below 10% for the others. Two N2-inoculated birds showed neurological signs, such as head tremor and ataxia. Microscopic lesions were present in N2-, Israel-, and Pakistan-inoculated birds and consisted of nonsuppurative encephalitis. Contact birds showed no clinical signs or lesions. In both inoculated and contact birds, virus replication was moderate to minimal, respectively, as observed by immunohistochemistry in tissues and virus isolation from oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs. Strains originally isolated from quail resulted in higher numbers of birds shedding in the inoculation group; however, transmission appeared slightly more efficient with chicken-derived isolates. This study shows that virulent NDV strains have limited replicative potential and mild to moderate disease-inducing ability in Japanese quail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Susta
- 1 Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diego Segovia
- 1 Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy L Olivier
- 2 Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kiril M Dimitrov
- 2 Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ismaila Shittu
- 3 Regional Laboratory for Animal Influenza and Transboundary Animal Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Valerie Marcano
- 2 Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, USA.,4 Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Patti J Miller
- 2 Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, USA.,5 Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Böttcher-Friebertshäuser E, Garten W, Klenk HD. Characterization of Proprotein Convertases and Their Involvement in Virus Propagation. ACTIVATION OF VIRUSES BY HOST PROTEASES 2018. [PMCID: PMC7122180 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-75474-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wolfgang Garten
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps Universität, Marburg, Germany
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Brown VR, Bevins SN. A review of virulent Newcastle disease viruses in the United States and the role of wild birds in viral persistence and spread. Vet Res 2017; 48:68. [PMID: 29073919 PMCID: PMC5659000 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0475-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease is caused by virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), which causes substantial morbidity and mortality events worldwide in poultry. The virus strains can be differentiated as lentogenic, mesogenic, or velogenic based on a mean death time in chicken embryos. Currently, velogenic strains of NDV are not endemic in United States domestic poultry; however, these strains are present in other countries and are occasionally detected in wild birds in the U.S. A viral introduction into domestic poultry could have severe economic consequences due to the loss of production from sick and dying birds, the cost of control measures such as depopulation and disinfection measures, and the trade restrictions that would likely be imposed as a result of an outbreak. Due to the disease-free status of the U.S. and the high cost of a potential viral incursion to the poultry industry, a qualitative risk analysis was performed to evaluate the vulnerabilities of the U.S. against the introduction of virulent strains of NDV. The most likely routes of virus introduction are explored and data gathered by several federal agencies is provided. Recommendations are ultimately provided for data that would be useful to further understand NDV on the landscape and to utilize all existing sampling opportunities to begin to comprehend viral movement and further characterize the risk of NDV introduction into the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vienna R Brown
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) supported by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Science and Technology Directorate (S&T), Chemical and Biological Defense Division (CBD), Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
| | - Sarah N Bevins
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Jin JH, Cheng JL, He ZR, Ren YC, Yu XH, Song Y, Yang HM, Yang YL, Liu T, Zhang GZ. Different Origins of Newcastle Disease Virus Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Protein Modulate the Replication Efficiency and Pathogenicity of the Virus. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1607. [PMID: 28878757 PMCID: PMC5572326 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the exact effects of different origins of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein to the biological characteristics of the virus, we systematically studied the correlation between the HN protein and NDV virulence by exchanging the HN of velogenic or lentogenic NDV strains with the HN from other strains of different virulence. The results revealed that the rSG10 or rLaSota derivatives bearing the HN gene of other viruses exhibited decreased or increased hemadsorption (HAd), neuraminidase and fusion promotion activities. In vitro and in vivo tests further showed that changes in replication level, tissue tropism and virulence of the chimeric viruses were also consistent with these biological activities. These findings demonstrated that the balance among three biological activities caused variation in replication and pathogenicity of the virus, which was closely related to the origin of the HN protein. Our study highlights the importance of the HN glycoprotein in modulating the virulence of NDV and contributes to a more complete understanding of the virulence of NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jin-Long Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Zi-Rong He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Ying-Chao Ren
- Diagnostic and Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Hui-Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yan-Ling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Guo-Zhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China.,Diagnostic and Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
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Nath B, Kumar S. Emerging variant of genotype XIII Newcastle disease virus from Northeast India. Acta Trop 2017; 172:64-9. [PMID: 28450210 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Northeast India with its rich and diverse avifauna acts as a hotbed for emerging virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains. The present work describes the molecular and pathogenic characterization of NDV strain isolated from Pandu, Assam, India. Clinicopathological and genetic analysis showed the virulent nature of NDV strain Pandu. On molecular phylogenetic and evolutionary distance analysis, the NDV strain Pandu formed a distinct clade within the genotype XIII of class II NDV, suggesting a new sub-genotype XIIIc. The accumulation of mutations in the NDV strain Pandu makes it divergent enough to be considered as a new sub-genotype. The proposed NDV sub-genotype XIIIc consists of strains recently reported from eastern and northeastern India.
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Dimitrov KM, Afonso CL, Yu Q, Miller PJ. Newcastle disease vaccines-A solved problem or a continuous challenge? Vet Microbiol 2016; 206:126-136. [PMID: 28024856 PMCID: PMC7131810 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) has been defined by the World Organisation for Animal Health as infection of poultry with virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Lesions affecting the neurological, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive systems are most often observed. The control of ND must include strict biosecurity that prevents virulent NDV from contacting poultry, and also proper administration of efficacious vaccines. When administered correctly to healthy birds, ND vaccines formulated with NDV of low virulence or viral-vectored vaccines that express the NDV fusion protein are able to prevent clinical disease and mortality in chickens upon infection with virulent NDV. Live and inactivated vaccines have been widely used since the 1950's. Recombinant and antigenically matched vaccines have been adopted recently in some countries, and many other vaccine approaches have been only evaluated experimentally. Despite decades of research and development towards formulation of an optimal ND vaccine, improvements are still needed. Impediments to prevent outbreaks include uneven vaccine application when using mass administration techniques in larger commercial settings, the difficulties associated with vaccinating free-roaming, multi-age birds of village flocks, and difficulties maintaining the cold chain to preserve the thermo-labile antigens in the vaccines. Incomplete or improper immunization often results in the disease and death of poultry after infection with virulent NDV. Another cause of decreased vaccine efficacy is the existence of antibodies (including maternal) in birds, which can neutralize the vaccine and thereby reduce the effectiveness of ND vaccines. In this review, a historical perspective, summary of the current situation for ND and NDV strains, and a review of traditional and experimental ND vaccines are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiril M Dimitrov
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, USDA/ARS, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Claudio L Afonso
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, USDA/ARS, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Qingzhong Yu
- Endemic Poultry Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, USDA/ARS, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Patti J Miller
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, USDA/ARS, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.
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Ahmadi E, Pourbakhsh SA, Ahmadi M, Mardani K, Talebi A. Phylogenetic characterization of virulent Newcastle disease viruses isolated during outbreaks in northwestern Iran in 2010. Arch Virol 2016; 161:3151-60. [PMID: 27542379 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The northwest of Iran shares long borders with three neighboring countries; therefore, it is considered one of the main entry portals of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) into the country. Ten virulent NDVs were recovered from 19 poultry farms of various prefectures in northwestern Iran during Newcastle disease outbreaks in 2010. The isolates were genotypically analyzed using an F-gene-specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. The amplified F gene (nucleotides 189-1666) sequences of the NDV isolates were compared phylogenetically with those of previously published strains in GenBank. All of the NDV isolates belonged to genotype VIIb and were closely related to some isolates from Iran, Russia, and Sweden. Therefore, it can be postulated that these isolates evolved from previously reported strains. The velogenic viruses carried the motif (112)R-R-Q-K-R/F(117) at the F0 cleavage site and a unique substitution of (190)L→F which had never been reported in any NDV genotype VIIb isolate. They shared high sequence similarity with each other but were distinct from current NDV vaccines and NDV strains reported from other countries. This information is fundamental for improving the efficacy of controlling strategies and vaccine development for NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ahmadi
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ali Pourbakhsh
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Malahat Ahmadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, West Azarbaijan, Iran
| | - Karim Mardani
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, West Azarbaijan, Iran
| | - Alireza Talebi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, West Azarbaijan, Iran
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Damena D, Fusaro A, Sombo M, Belaineh R, Heidari A, Kebede A, Kidane M, Chaka H. Characterization of Newcastle disease virus isolates obtained from outbreak cases in commercial chickens and wild pigeons in Ethiopia. Springerplus 2016; 5:476. [PMID: 27217991 PMCID: PMC4835400 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), caused by virulent avian paramyxovirus type 1, is one of the most important diseases responsible for devastating outbreaks in poultry flocks in Ethiopia. However, the information about genetic characteristics of the Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) circulating in commercial chickens and wild birds is scarce. In this study, we characterized isolates obtained from ND suspected outbreaks during 2012–2014 from poultry farms (n = 8) and wild pigeons (n = 4). The NDVs isolated from pathological specimens, through inoculation in embryonated chicken eggs, were characterized biologically by conventional intracerebral pathogenicity indices (ICPI), and genetically on the basis of Phylogenic analysis of partial F-gene sequences (260 bp) encompassing the cleavage site. The ICPI values of isolates from chickens ranged from 0.9 to 1.8; whereas, the ICPI of pigeon isolates was 1.4. All isolates contained multiple basic amino acids at the deduced cleavage site of fusion protein, which is a typical feature of virulent viruses. Phylogenic analysis of the partial cleavage site of F-gene (260 bp) indicated that all the sequences of viruses obtained from pigeons were identical and clustered within the genotype VIh while the sequences of viruses obtained from chickens were clustered together within the genotype VIf. The similarity between the viruses obtained from chickens and those obtained from pigeons ranged from 82.5 to 85.6 %. This suggests that different sub genotypes of genotype VI are circulating in chicken and wild pigeon population in Ethiopia. This warrants further study to understand the role of wild birds in the epidemiology of NDV in Ethiopia and as well highlights the importance of continuous surveillances both in wild birds and domestic poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delesa Damena
- National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, P.O. Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Alice Fusaro
- Research and Innovation Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, OIE Collaborating Center for Diseases at the Human-Animal Interface, Legnaro, Padova Italy
| | - Melaku Sombo
- National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, P.O. Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Redeat Belaineh
- National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, P.O. Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Alireza Heidari
- Research and Innovation Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, OIE Collaborating Center for Diseases at the Human-Animal Interface, Legnaro, Padova Italy
| | - Abera Kebede
- National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, P.O. Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Menbere Kidane
- National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, P.O. Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Hassen Chaka
- National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, P.O. Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia
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Nath B, Barman NN, Kumar S. Molecular characterization of Newcastle disease virus strains isolated from different outbreaks in Northeast India during 2014–15. Microb Pathog 2016; 91:85-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Fourrier M, Lester K, Markussen T, Falk K, Secombes CJ, McBeath A, Collet B. Dual Mutation Events in the Haemagglutinin-Esterase and Fusion Protein from an Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus HPR0 Genotype Promote Viral Fusion and Activation by an Ubiquitous Host Protease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142020. [PMID: 26517828 PMCID: PMC4627773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV), deletions in the highly polymorphic region (HPR) in the near membrane domain of the haemagglutinin-esterase (HE) stalk, influence viral fusion. It is suspected that selected mutations in the associated Fusion (F) protein may also be important in regulating fusion activity. To better understand the underlying mechanisms involved in ISAV fusion, several mutated F proteins were generated from the Scottish Nevis and Norwegian SK779/06 HPR0. Co-transfection with constructs encoding HE and F were performed, fusion activity assessed by content mixing assay and the degree of proteolytic cleavage by western blot. Substitutions in Nevis F demonstrated that K276 was the most likely cleavage site in the protein. Furthermore, amino acid substitutions at three sites and two insertions, all slightly upstream of K276, increased fusion activity. Co-expression with HE harbouring a full-length HPR produced high fusion activities when trypsin and low pH were applied. In comparison, under normal culture conditions, groups containing a mutated HE with an HPR deletion were able to generate moderate fusion levels, while those with a full length HPR HE could not induce fusion. This suggested that HPR length may influence how the HE primes the F protein and promotes fusion activation by an ubiquitous host protease and/or facilitate subsequent post-cleavage refolding steps. Variations in fusion activity through accumulated mutations on surface glycoproteins have also been reported in other orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses. This may in part contribute to the different virulence and tissue tropism reported for HPR0 and HPR deleted ISAV genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Fourrier
- Aquaculture and Fish Health, Marine Scotland Science, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Katherine Lester
- Aquaculture and Fish Health, Marine Scotland Science, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | | | - Knut Falk
- Epidemiology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Alastair McBeath
- Aquaculture and Fish Health, Marine Scotland Science, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Bertrand Collet
- Aquaculture and Fish Health, Marine Scotland Science, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Yoshida A, Kawabata R, Honda T, Tomonaga K, Sakaguchi T, Irie T. IFN-β-inducing, unusual viral RNA species produced by paramyxovirus infection accumulated into distinct cytoplasmic structures in an RNA-type-dependent manner. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:804. [PMID: 26300870 PMCID: PMC4523817 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The interferon (IFN) system is one of the most important defensive responses of mammals against viruses, and is rapidly evoked when the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of viruses are sensed. Non-self, virus-derived RNA species have been identified as the PAMPs of RNA viruses. In the present study, we compared different types of IFN-β-inducing and -non-inducing viruses in the context of Sendai virus infection. We found that some types of unusual viral RNA species were produced by infections with IFN-β-inducing viruses and accumulated into distinct cytoplasmic structures in an RNA-type-dependent manner. One of these structures was similar to the so-called antiviral stress granules (avSGs) formed by an infection with IFN-inducing viruses whose C proteins were knocked-out or mutated. Non-encapsidated, unusual viral RNA harboring the 5'-terminal region of the viral genome as well as RIG-I and typical SG markers accumulated in these granules. Another was a non-SG-like inclusion formed by an infection with the Cantell strain; a copyback-type DI genome, but not an authentic viral genome, specifically accumulated in the inclusion, whereas RIG-I and SG markers did not. The induction of IFN-β was closely associated with the production of these unusual RNAs as well as the formation of the cytoplasmic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Yoshida
- Department of Virology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima Japan
| | - Ryoko Kawabata
- Department of Virology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Honda
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
| | - Takemasa Sakaguchi
- Department of Virology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima Japan
| | - Takashi Irie
- Department of Virology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima Japan
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Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) features a natural preference for replication in many tumor cells compared with normal cells. The observed antitumor effect of NDV appears to be a result of both selective killing of tumor cells and induction of immune responses. Genetic manipulations to change viral tropism and arming the virus with genes encoding for cytokines improved the oncolytic capacity of NDV. Several intracellular proteins in tumor cells, including antiapoptotic proteins (Livin) and oncogenic proteins (H-Ras), are relevant for the oncolytic activity of NDV. Defects in the interferon system, found in some tumor cells, also contribute to the oncolytic selectivity of NDV. Notwithstanding, NDV displays effective oncolytic activity in many tumor types, despite having intact interferon signaling. Taken together, several cellular systems appear to dictate the selective oncolytic activity of NDV. Some barriers, such as neutralizing antibodies elicited during NDV treatment and the extracellular matrix in tumor tissue appear to interfere with spread of NDV and reduce oncolysis. To further understand the oncolytic activity of NDV, we compared two NDV strains, ie, an attenuated virus (NDV-HUJ) and a pathogenic virus (NDV-MTH-68/H). Significant differences in amino acid sequence were noted in several viral proteins, including the fusion precursor (F0) glycoprotein, an important determinant of replication and pathogenicity. However, no difference in the oncolytic activity of the two strains was noted using human tumor tissues maintained as organ cultures or in mouse tumor models. To optimize virotherapy in clinical trials, we describe here a unique organ culture methodology, using a biopsy taken from a patient’s tumor before treatment for ex vivo infection with NDV to determine the oncolytic potential on an individual basis. In conclusion, oncolytic NDV is an excellent candidate for cancer therapy, but more knowledge is needed to ensure success in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay Tayeb
- Department of Biotechnology, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Chanock Center for Virology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zichria Zakay-Rones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Chanock Center for Virology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amos Panet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Chanock Center for Virology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Abstract
Newcastle disease is highly pathogenic to poultry and many other avian species. However, the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has also been reported from many non-avian species. The NDV fusion protein (F) is a major determinant of its pathogenicity and virulence. The functionalities of F gene have been explored for the development of vaccine and diagnostics against NDV. Although the F protein is well studied but the codon usage and its nucleotide composition from NDV isolated from different species have not yet been explored. In present study, we have analyzed the factors responsible for the determination of codon usage in NDV isolated from four major avian host species. The F gene of NDV is analyzed for its base composition and its correlation with the bias in codon usage. Our result showed that random mutational pressure is responsible for codon usage bias in F protein of NDV isolates. Aromaticity, GC3s, and aliphatic index were not found responsible for species based synonymous codon usage bias in F gene of NDV. Moreover, the low amount of codon usage bias and expression level was further confirmed by a low CAI value. The phylogenetic analysis of isolates was found in corroboration with the relatedness of species based on codon usage bias. The relationship between the host species and the NDV isolates from the host does not represent a significant correlation in our study. The present study provides a basic understanding of the mechanism involved in codon usage among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Shekhar Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
- * E-mail:
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Jakhesara SJ, Prasad VVSP, Pal JK, Jhala MK, Prajapati KS, Joshi CG. Pathotypic and Sequence Characterization of Newcastle Disease Viruses from Vaccinated Chickens Reveals Circulation of Genotype II, IV and XIII and in India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 63:523-39. [PMID: 25406096 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes a highly contagious disease which continuously haunts the global poultry industry. The nature and molecular epidemiology of NDVs prevalent in recent outbreaks in India is poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize NDVs prevalent in vaccinated flocks in India using whole-genome sequencing and biological pathotyping. Twelve field isolates were collected from outbreaks which occurred in different parts of India and characterized as velogenic based on their intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) and amino acid sequence at the F protein cleavage site. All 12 of the field isolates and five commonly used vaccine strains were selected for whole-genome sequencing using Ion Torrent PGM technology, yielding complete genome sequences for ten field isolates and all vaccine strains. The genome of all isolates was found to be 15 192 nt long with a high level of conservation across multiple genomic features with APMV-I viruses. Phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary distance calculations placed the isolates in genotypes II, IV and XIII. Revisiting other recently reported strains provided preliminary evidence of genotypes VI, VII and XVIII circulating in India. Comparison between the field and vaccine virus sequences revealed unique genomic and amino acid differences in important antigenic regions of the F and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) genes which can be targeted for site directed mutagenesis to evaluate the impact of these substitutions on virus pathogenicity. This study highlights the requirement to evaluate current vaccines through systematic protection assays to determine protection efficacy against field isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Jakhesara
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | | | - J K Pal
- Hester Biosciences Limited, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - M K Jhala
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - K S Prajapati
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - C G Joshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
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Haroun M, Mohran KA, Hassan MM, Abdulla NM. Molecular pathotyping and phylogenesis of the first Newcastle disease virus strain isolated from backyard chickens in Qatar. Trop Anim Health Prod 2014; 47:13-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-014-0677-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Mulisa DD, W/Kiros MK, Alemu RB, Keno MS, Furaso A, Heidari A, Chibsa TR, Chunde HC. Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus and poultry-handling practices in live poultry markets, Ethiopia. Springerplus 2014; 3:459. [PMID: 25279281 PMCID: PMC4162888 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease represents the most severe poultry disease responsible for marked economic losses in Ethiopia. To provide a molecular characterization of Newcastle disease viruses circulating in this country, a cross sectional survey was conducted at five selected live poultry market sites in Addis Ababa. In addition, baseline data on the live poultry market system were acquired through a detailed questionnaire submitted to poultry traders. We identified 44/146 positive samples, 29 of which were virulent strains belonging to sub-genotype VIf. The very poor biosecurity practices, which have resulted from responses of the participants, suggest that they might have had a heavy impact in the spread of the disease. This study provides important information on epidemiology and control of NDV in Ethiopia and highlights the importance of implementing surveillances and biosecurity practices in live poultry markets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Melaku Sombo Keno
- National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Alice Furaso
- Research and Innovation Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, OIE collaborating Center for Diseases at the Human-Animal Interface, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Alireza Heidari
- Research and Innovation Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, OIE collaborating Center for Diseases at the Human-Animal Interface, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Hassen Chaka Chunde
- National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, Sebeta, Ethiopia
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Kang Y, Li Y, Yuan R, Li X, Sun M, Wang Z, Feng M, Jiao P, Ren T. Phylogenetic relationships and pathogenicity variation of two Newcastle disease viruses isolated from domestic ducks in Southern China. Virol J 2014; 11:147. [PMID: 25117968 PMCID: PMC4254411 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newcastle disease (ND) is an OIE listed disease caused by virulent avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1) strains, which is enzootic and causes large economic losses in the poultry sector. Genotype VII and genotype IX NDV viruses were the predominant circulating genotype in China, which may possibly be responsible for disease outbreaks in chicken flocks in recent years. While ducks and geese usually have exhibited inapparent infections. METHODS In the present study, we investigate the complete genome sequence, the clinicopathological characterization and transmission of two virulent Newcastle disease viruses, SS-10 and NH-10, isolated from domestic ducks in Southern China in 2010. RESULTS F, and the complete gene sequences based on phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that SS-10 (genotype VII) and NH-10 (genotype IX) belongs to class II. The deduced amino acid sequence was (112)R-R-Q-K/R-R-F(117) at the fusion protein cleavage site. Animal experiment results showed that the SS-10 virus isolated from ducks was highly pathogenic for chickens and geese, but low pathogenic for ducks. It could be detected from spleen, lung, kidney, trachea, small intestine, bursa of fabricius, thymus, pancreas and cecal tonsils, oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs, and could transmit to the naive contact birds. Moreover, it could transmit to chickens, ducks and geese by naive contact. However, the NH-10 virus isolated from ducks could infect some chickens, ducks and geese, but only caused chickens to die. Additionally, it could transmit to the naive contact chickens, ducks, and geese. CONCLUSION The two NDV isolates exhibited different biological properties with respect to pathogenicity and transmission in chickens, ducks and geese. Therefore, no species-preference exists for chicken, duck or goose viruses and more attention should be paid to the trans-species transmission of VII NDVs between ducks, geese and chickens for the control and eradication of ND.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peirong Jiao
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.
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Fernandes CC, Varani AM, Lemos EGM, de Miranda VFO, Silva KR, Fernando FS, Montassier MFS, Montassier HJ. Molecular and phylogenetic characterization based on the complete genome of a virulent pathotype of Newcastle disease virus isolated in the 1970s in Brazil. Infect Genet Evol 2014; 26:160-7. [PMID: 24865799 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is caused by the avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1) or Newcastle disease virus (NDV) that comprises a diverse group of viruses with a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome. ND is one of the most important diseases of chickens, because it severely affects poultry production worldwide. In the 1970s, outbreaks of virulent ND were recorded in Brazil, and the strain APMV-1/Chicken/Brazil/SJM/75 (SJM) of NDV was isolated. This strain was characterized as highly pathogenic for chickens but not pathogenic for other bird species. Here we present the complete genome of NDV strain SJM and investigate the phylogenetic relationships of this virus with other NDV strains in terms of genome and proteins composition, as well as characterizing its evolution process. The NDV strain SJM is categorized as a velogenic virus and the complete genome is 15,192 nucleotides in length, consisting of six genes in the order 3'-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5'. The presence of the major pathogenic determinant of NDV strains ((112)R-R-Q-K-R↓F(117)) was identified in the Fusion protein of the NDV strain SJM. In addition, phylogenetic analysis classified the NDV strain SJM as a member of class II, genotype V, and indicates that this virus help us in the understanding of the evolutionary process of strains belonging to this genotype. This study contributes to the growing interest involving the characterization of NDV isolates to improve our current understanding about the epidemiology, surveillance and evolution of the pathogenic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila C Fernandes
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Imunologia e Virologia, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alessandro M Varani
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Tecnologia, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliana G M Lemos
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Tecnologia, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor Fernandes O de Miranda
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Ketherson R Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Imunologia e Virologia, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Filipe S Fernando
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Imunologia e Virologia, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria F S Montassier
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Imunologia e Virologia, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Helio J Montassier
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Imunologia e Virologia, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
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Chai Z, Zhang P, Fu F, Zhang X, Liu Y, Hu L, Li X. Oncolytic therapy of a recombinant Newcastle disease virus D90 strain for lung cancer. Virol J 2014; 11:84. [PMID: 24885546 PMCID: PMC4032357 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of deaths from cancer worldwide. Tumor virotherapy using naturally oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been shown to be safe and effective in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Previously, we have reported the NDV D90 strain that was isolated from natural source has an antiproliferative effect in human lung cancer cell line A549. Methods and results In this study, we constructed a reverse genetics system based on the oncolytic NDV D90 strain and generated a recombinant NDV carrying a gene encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (rNDV-GFP). The rescued virus rNDV-D90 and rNDV-GFP showed the similar characteristics of replication and apoptotic ability in lung cancer A549 cells, which suggested that the recombinant viruses sustained the property of tumor-selective replication and induced apoptosis of tumor cells. The athymic mice bearing implanted lung cancer were treated with the parental D90 virus, the rescued rNDV-D90 and rNDV-GFP via intratumoral injections, respectively. The results showed that the recombinant viruses as well as the parental D90 virus significantly suppressed the loss of body weight and tumor growth. Conclusions The study provides a new platform to develop effective therapeutic agents for tumor treatment. The availability of the reverse genetics system for NDV D90 strain will make it possible to develop novel recombinant oncolytic viruses based on the NDV D90 strain for improving the efficacy of tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan St,, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China.
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Ganar K, Das M, Sinha S, Kumar S. Newcastle disease virus: current status and our understanding. Virus Res. 2014;184:71-81. [PMID: 24589707 PMCID: PMC7127793 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the highly pathogenic viral diseases of avian species. ND is economically significant because of the huge mortality and morbidity associated with it. The disease is endemic in many third world countries where agriculture serves as the primary source of national income. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and is well characterized member among the avian paramyxovirus serotypes. In recent years, NDV has lured the virologists not only because of its pathogenic potential, but also for its oncolytic activity and its use as a vaccine vector for both humans and animals. The NDV based recombinant vaccine offers a pertinent choice for the construction of live attenuated vaccine due to its modular nature of transcription, minimum recombination frequency, and lack of DNA phase during replication. Our current understanding about the NDV biology is expanding rapidly because of the availability of modern molecular biology tools and high-throughput complete genome sequencing.
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Chen F, Liu J, Liu D, Yan Z, Ji J, Qin J, Li H, Ma J, Bi Y, Xie Q. Complete genome sequence of a Newcastle disease virus strain isolated from broiler breeder flocks in China. J Virol 2012; 86:12461-2. [PMID: 23087120 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02314-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2010 and 2011, several devastating Newcastle disease (ND) outbreaks occurred in China, affecting broilers, layers, and breeders. The CK-JSX1-201005 virus was isolated from broiler breeder flocks vaccinated with the classical ND virus (NDV) vaccine program, but laying rate decreased from 80% to 30 to 40% in the clinic. Here, we report the complete genome sequence and molecular characteristic of the CK-JSX1-201005 NDV. These findings provide additional insights into the genetic variation of NDV circulating in China and are useful for vaccine development for NDV.
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42
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Yuan X, Wang Y, Li J, Yu K, Yang J, Xu H, Zhang Y, Ai H, Wang J. Surveillance and molecular characterization of Newcastle disease virus in seafowl from coastal areas of China in 2011. Virus Genes 2013; 46:377-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-012-0863-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lindh E, Ek-Kommonen C, Väänänen VM, Alasaari J, Vaheri A, Vapalahti O, Huovilainen A. Molecular epidemiology of outbreak-associated and wild-waterfowl-derived newcastle disease virus strains in Finland, including a novel class I genotype. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:3664-73. [PMID: 22972821 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01427-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious, severe disease of poultry caused by pathogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV; or avian paramyxovirus-1). NDV is endemic in wild birds worldwide and one of the economically most important poultry pathogens. Most of the published strains are outbreak-associated strains, while the apathogenic NDV strains that occur in wild birds, posing a constant threat to poultry with their capability to convert into more virulent forms, have remained less studied. We screened for NDV RNA in cloacal and oropharyngeal samples from wild waterfowl in Finland during the years 2006 to 2010: 39 of 715 birds were positive (prevalence, 5.5%). The partial or full-length F genes of 37 strains were sequenced for phylogenetic purposes. We also characterized viruses derived from three NDV outbreaks in Finland and discuss the relationships between these outbreak-associated and the wild-bird-associated strains. We found that all waterfowl NDV isolates were lentogenic strains of class I or class II genotype I. We also isolated a genetically distinct class I strain (teal/Finland/13111/2008) grouping phylogenetically together with only strain HIECK87191, isolated in Northern Ireland in 1987. Together they seem to form a novel class I genotype genetically differing from other known NDVs by at least 12%.
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Yuan P, Paterson RG, Leser GP, Lamb RA, Jardetzky TS. Structure of the ulster strain newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase reveals auto-inhibitory interactions associated with low virulence. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002855. [PMID: 22912577 PMCID: PMC3415446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) plays roles in viral entry and maturation, including binding to sialic acid receptors, activation of the F protein to drive membrane fusion, and enabling virion release during virus budding. HN can thereby directly influence virulence and in a subset of avirulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains, such as NDV Ulster, HN must be proteolytically activated to remove a C-terminal extension not found in other NDV HN proteins. Ulster HN is 616 amino acids long and the 45 amino acid C-terminal extension present in its precursor (HN₀) form has to be cleaved to render HN biologically active. Here we show that Ulster HN contains an inter-subunit disulfide bond within the C-terminal extension at residue 596, which regulates HN activities and neuraminidase (NA) domain dimerization. We determined the crystal structure of the dimerized NA domain containing the C-terminal extension, which extends along the outside of the sialidase β-propeller domain and inserts C-terminal residues into the NA domain active site. The C-terminal extension also engages a secondary sialic acid binding site present in NDV HN proteins, which is located at the NA domain dimer interface, that most likely blocks its attachment function. These results clarify how the Ulster HN C-terminal residues lead to an auto-inhibited state of HN, the requirement for proteolytic activation of HN₀ and associated reduced virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yuan
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Reay G. Paterson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - George P. Leser
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Lamb
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Theodore S. Jardetzky
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mase M, Kanehira K. Simple differentiation of avirulent and virulent strains of avian paramyxovirus serotype-1 (Newcastle disease virus) by PCR and restriction endonuclease analysis in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 74:1661-4. [PMID: 22814085 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To differentiate the avirulent from virulent strains of avian paramyxovirus serotype-1 (APMV-1, Newcastle disease virus), PCR and restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) was employed. Primer sequences were used to amplify a 766-base pair fragment that included the fusion protein cleavage site. REA of PCR products generated by Hin1 I and Apa I enabled the differentiation of avirulent field and vaccine strains from more virulent field strains of APMV-1 in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaji Mase
- National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
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Yuan X, Wang Y, Yang J, Xu H, Zhang Y, Qin Z, Ai H, Wang J. Genetic and biological characterizations of a Newcastle disease virus from swine in China. Virol J 2012; 9:129. [PMID: 22748128 PMCID: PMC3413532 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-9-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) has been considered to only infect avian species. However, one paramyxovirus named as Xiny10 was isolated from swine. The differences of Xiny10, another previous swine NDV (JL01) and vaccine strain La Sota were compared on the basis of sequences of the whole-lengthen Fusion (F) gene and biological characteristics. FINDINGS Through serologic tests and sequence alignment, Xiny10 was proved as NDV. It has great differences with JL01 in virulence, biological characteristics, genotype and amino acid homology of F gene. The sequence alignment showed Xiny10 and La Sota both belonged to genotype II. It shared 97.3% to 98.7% identities with genotype II NDVs, which was higher than these strains from the other genotypes. CONCLUSIONS These above data suggested that the swine virus was NDV and it might be generated from La Sota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Yuan
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
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Munir M, Cortey M, Abbas M, Qureshi ZUA, Afzal F, Shabbir MZ, Khan MT, Ahmed S, Ahmad S, Baule C, Ståhl K, Zohari S, Berg M. Biological characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a novel genetic group of Newcastle disease virus isolated from outbreaks in commercial poultry and from backyard poultry flocks in Pakistan. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2012; 12:1010-9. [PMID: 22418457 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Munir
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Ulls väg 2B, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian paramyxovirus, which has been demonstrated to possess significant oncolytic activity against mammalian cancers. This review summarizes the research leading to the elucidation of the mechanisms of NDV-mediated oncolysis, as well as the development of novel oncolytic agents through the use of genetic engineering. Clinical trials utilizing NDV strains and NDV-based autologous tumor cell vaccines will expand our knowledge of these novel anticancer strategies and will ultimately result in the successful use of the virus in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Zamarin
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Choi KS, Lee EK, Jeon WJ, Kwon JH, Lee JH, Sung HW. Molecular epidemiologic investigation of lentogenic Newcastle disease virus from domestic birds at live bird markets in Korea. Avian Dis 2012; 56:218-23. [PMID: 22545549 DOI: 10.1637/9699-030311-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A Newcastle disease surveillance program was conducted at live bird markets in Korea to expand our epidemiologic understanding of the disease in Korea. During the surveillance program, 10 lentogenic Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) were isolated and identified from apparently healthy chickens and ducks at live bird markets. The lentogenic viruses had sequence motifs of either 112GKQGRL117 (n = 8) or 112GRQGRL117 (n = 2) at the F0 cleavage site. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of NDV isolates based on the hypervariable region of the F protein revealed two different genotypes: genotypes I (n = 8) and II (n = 2). Genotype I viruses were most closely related to the NDV V4 strain (n = 7) or the NDV Ulster 2C strain (n = 1). In contrast, genotype II viruses clustered with the NDV vaccine strains (LaSota and VG/GA) that are commonly used as live vaccines in Korea. The epidemiologic importance of NDV at live bird markets in Korea is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Seuk Choi
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease, Avian Diseases Division, Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, 175 Anyang-ro, Anyang, Gyeonggi 430-757, Republic of Korea
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Tirumurugaan KG, Kapgate S, Vinupriya MK, Vijayarani K, Kumanan K, Elankumaran S. Genotypic and pathotypic characterization of Newcastle disease viruses from India. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28414. [PMID: 22174801 PMCID: PMC3235129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian paramyxovirus that causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry in most parts of the world. The susceptibility of a wide variety of avian species coupled with synanthropic bird reservoirs has contributed to the vast genomic diversity of this virus as well as diagnostic failures. Since the first panzootic in 1926, Newcastle disease (ND) became enzootic in India with recurrent outbreaks in multiple avian species. The genetic characteristics of circulating strains in India, however, are largely unknown. To understand the nature of NDV genotypes in India, we characterized two representative strains isolated 13 years apart from a chicken and a pigeon by complete genome sequence analysis and pathotyping. The viruses were characterized as velogenic by pathogenicity indices devised to distinguish these strains. The genome length was 15,186 nucleotides (nt) and consisted of six non-overlapping genes, with conserved and complementary 3′ leader and 5′ trailer regions, conserved gene starts, gene stops, and intergenic sequences similar to those in avian paramyxovirus 1 (APMV-1) strains. Matrix gene sequence analysis grouped the pigeon isolate with APMV-1 strains. Phylogeny based on the fusion (F), and hemagglutinin (HN) genes and complete genome sequence grouped these viruses into genotype IV. Genotype IV strains are considered to have “died out” after the first panzootic (1926–1960) of ND. But, our results suggest that there is persistence of genotype IV strains in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnaswamy G. Tirumurugaan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Sunil Kapgate
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Manavalan K. Vinupriya
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Kumanan Vijayarani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Kathaperumal Kumanan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Subbiah Elankumaran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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