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Kabrita CS, Al Bitar S, Ghanem E. The temporal expression pattern of classical MHC class I in sleep-restricted mice: Generalizations and broader implications. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 37:100751. [PMID: 38511151 PMCID: PMC10951454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate relationship between sleep and leukocyte trafficking has garnered intense attention, particularly their homing dynamics to secondary lymphoid organs under normal and restricted sleep (SR). Considering the scarcity of information regarding circadian rhythms in major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) expression in SR, we designed a study that assessed the temporal expression of MHC-I in murine lymph nodes and spleen and the subsequent effects of sleep recovery. Male C57BL/6, housed in 12:12 light/dark cycle, were grouped into control (C) and SR. SR was carried for one week before lymphoid tissues were sampled at selected time points and assessed for leukocyte number and MHC-I expression. SR resulted in 21% decrease in granulocyte and 24% increase in agranulocyte numbers. In C, MHC-I expression pattern in lymph nodes was bimodal and relatively higher than splenocytes during the animal's active phase (110.2 ± 1.8 vs 81.9 ± 3.8, respectively; p = 0.002). Splenocytes; however, showed a bimodal pattern upon SR, with higher protein levels during the rest than the activity period (154.6 + 36.2 vs 99.5 + 15.9, respectively; p = 0.002), suggesting preparedness for a potential infection. Furthermore, SR caused a significant drop in MHC-I expression at the onset of rest with 57% and 30% reduction in lymph nodes and splenocytes, respectively. However, the overall protein expression collectively taken from both lymphoid tissues remained stable, emphasizing its indispensable role in immunological homeostasis. This stability coincided with the restoration of protein levels to baseline after a short sleep recovery period, resembling a reset for MHC-I antigen presentation following a week of SR. Understanding the interplay between MHC-I expression and contextual factors could enhance treatment protocols, refining the efficacy and time precision of glucocorticoid-based therapies in immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette S. Kabrita
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon
| | - Samar Al Bitar
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon
| | - Esther Ghanem
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon
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de Souza LC, Lee KM, Chapman-Lopez TJ, Heileson JL, Torres R, Forsse JS, Gallucci AR, Funderburk LK. Sleep, Diet Quality, and Lipid Profile Assessment in NCAA Division I Acrobatics and Tumbling Student-Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38377116 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2024.2312843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acrobatics and Tumbling (A&T), an emerging National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) sport, involves athletes with rigorous training backgrounds, usually extending from youth through early adulthood. This study examines the sleep health, diet quality, and lipid profile of A&T athletes clustered by their performance position. METHODS Forty-two A&T athletes, clustered as tops (n = 19; age = 19.6 ± 1.0 years; body mass index [BMI] = 22.3 ± 1.7 kg/m2) and bases (n = 23; age = 19.6 ± 1.3 years; BMI = 25.7 ± 2.5 kg/m2), completed preseason sleep and diet quality (Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants-Shortened [REAP-S]) surveys. Fasting blood samples were collected for lipid analysis. Body composition was assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Most athletes (71.4%; base n = 14, top n = 16) reported insufficient sleep (≤7 hours) and "good" sleep quality (90.4%, n = 38; base n = 18, top n = 20). Average REAP-S score was 29.24 ± 3.74. Approximately 31% (n = 13) displayed at least one undesirable lipid concentration according to medical guidelines for normal levels (total cholesterol [TC] < 200 mg/dL, triglycerides [TG] < 150 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] > 40 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] < 130 mg/dL). Approximately 20% exhibited elevated TC (top n = 4, base n = 4), 12.5% had elevated TG (base n = 5), 2.5% showed low HDL-C (base n = 1), and 10% presented elevated LDL-C (top n = 2, base n = 2). CONCLUSIONS Most athletes experienced suboptimal sleep (≤7 hours/night) and 31% displayed at least one undesirable lipid concentration (elevated TC, TG, or LDL-C or reduced HDL-C). Tailoring interventions with sports dietitians is recommended, focused on increasing monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat intake while reducing saturated fat consumption. These interventions could mitigate cardiovascular risks, improve recovery, and possibly enhance athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia C de Souza
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Katherine M Lee
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Tomas J Chapman-Lopez
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Integrated Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition, and Renal Vascular Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffery L Heileson
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Nutrition Services Division, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ricardo Torres
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Integrated Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition, and Renal Vascular Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Forsse
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Integrated Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition, and Renal Vascular Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew R Gallucci
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - LesLee K Funderburk
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Human Sciences and Design, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
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Goldman JT, Donohoe B, Hatamiya N, Boland NF, Vail J, Holmes KE, Presby D, Kim J, Duffaut C. Baseline Sleep Characteristics in NCAA Division I Collegiate Athletes. Clin J Sport Med 2024:00042752-990000000-00171. [PMID: 38174994 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors report no conflicts of interest.To determine baseline sleep characteristics of male/female student-athletes across multiple sports using objective and subjective measures. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Division I college. PARTICIPANTS Eighty-two male and female Division I student-athletes. INTERVENTIONS Participants completed 2 validated sleep questionnaires (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS] and Single-Item Sleep Quality Scale [SISQS]) to assess subjective sleep. They also wore a validated sleep monitoring device (WHOOP 4.0 band) for at least 14 nights to collect objective data on total sleep time (TST) and sleep architecture. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Overnight sleep variables, including TST, time spent awake in bed after falling asleep, time spent in light sleep, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and slow-wave sleep (SWS) cycles. Sleep quality and daytime sleepiness were also assessed. RESULTS There were no statistical differences between male and female student-athletes in average TST, sleep architecture, sleep consistency, SISQS, and ESS scores. The average TST was 409.2 ± 36.3 minutes. Sleep architecture consisted of 25.6% REM, 19.9% SWS, and 54.4% light sleep. The average sleep consistency was 61.6% ± 8.9%. The average SISQS score was 6.48 ± 1.71, and the average ESS score was 7.57 ± 3.82. A significant difference was found in average wake time between males and females (55.0 vs 43.7 min, P = 0.020), with an overall average of 50.2 ± 16.2 minutes. CONCLUSIONS College student-athletes do not typically obtain the recommended amount of sleep. Optimizing sleep can positively affect academic and athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Goldman
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Intercollegiate Athletics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brian Donohoe
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nicolas Hatamiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Nelson F Boland
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Intercollegiate Athletics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jeremy Vail
- Department of Intercollegiate Athletics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kristen E Holmes
- Department of Performance Science and Thought Leadership, WHOOP, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - David Presby
- Department of Data Science and Research, WHOOP, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeongeun Kim
- Department of Performance Science and Thought Leadership, WHOOP, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Calvin Duffaut
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Intercollegiate Athletics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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Gu X, Zhao Z, Chen X, Zhang L, Fang H, Zhao T, Ju S, Gao W, Qian X, Wang X, Zhang J, Cheng H. Imaging microglia surveillance during sleep-wake cycles in freely behaving mice. eLife 2023; 12:RP86749. [PMID: 38132088 PMCID: PMC10746140 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia surveillance manifests itself as dynamic changes in cell morphology and functional remodeling. Whether and how microglia surveillance is coupled to brain state switches during natural sleep-wake cycles remains unclear. To address this question, we used miniature two-photon microscopy (mTPM) to acquire time-lapse high-resolution microglia images of the somatosensory cortex, along with EEG/EMG recordings and behavioral video, in freely-behaving mice. We uncovered fast and robust brain state-dependent changes in microglia surveillance, occurring in parallel with sleep dynamics and early-onset phagocytic microglial contraction during sleep deprivation stress. We also detected local norepinephrine fluctuation occurring in a sleep state-dependent manner. We showed that the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system, which is crucial to sleep homeostasis, is required for both sleep state-dependent and stress-induced microglial responses and β2-adrenergic receptor signaling plays a significant role in this process. These results provide direct evidence that microglial surveillance is exquisitely tuned to signals and stressors that regulate sleep dynamics and homeostasis so as to adjust its varied roles to complement those of neurons in the brain. In vivo imaging with mTPM in freely behaving animals, as demonstrated here, opens a new avenue for future investigation of microglia dynamics and sleep biology in freely behaving animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Gu
- PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing Raygen HealthNanjingChina
- National Platform for Medical Engineering Education Integration, Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Department of Histology Embryology, Medical School, Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Xueli Chen
- Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Huaqiang Fang
- Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Ting Zhao
- PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing Raygen HealthNanjingChina
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Weizheng Gao
- Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Study, College of Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyu Qian
- Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Study, College of Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xianhua Wang
- Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational MedicineNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jue Zhang
- Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Study, College of Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Heping Cheng
- Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational MedicineNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Future Technology, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
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Yao L, Chen M, Zhang N, Ma S, Xie X, Xu S, Nie Z, Wang W, Zhou E, Xu S, Weng S, Chen H, Xiang D, Liu Z. The Mediation Role of Sleep Disturbances between Vitamin D and Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1501. [PMID: 38002462 PMCID: PMC10669134 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression and sleep disturbances are highly prevalent health problems that have been suggested to be associated with vitamin D deficiency. This study investigated whether sleep disturbances affect the association between vitamin D and depressive symptoms. A total of 425 patients with depression were included in this study. Spearman correlation coefficients were chosen to assess the relation between vitamin D concentrations and depressive symptomatology (according to the PHQ-9 and HAMD-17 scores). The GLM Mediation Model in the Medmod module for data analysis in Jamovi 2.2.5 was used to analyze the mediation models for sleep disturbances. Vitamin D concentrations were significantly correlated with PHQ-9 and HAMD-17 scale scores. In addition, item 3 was suggested to have a mediating effect between vitamin D and depressive symptoms in the mediating model of PHQ-9, and item 4 was suggested to have a mediating effect between vitamin D and depressive symptoms in the mediating model of HAMD-17. Sleep disturbances (especially difficulty falling asleep) are mediators between vitamin D and depressive symptoms, suggesting that increasing vitamin D levels at the right time to regulate sleep disturbances may improve depression symptoms, yet further research is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.M.); (X.X.); (S.X.); (Z.N.); (W.W.); (E.Z.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Mianmian Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.M.); (X.X.); (S.X.); (Z.N.); (W.W.); (E.Z.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.M.); (X.X.); (S.X.); (Z.N.); (W.W.); (E.Z.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Simeng Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.M.); (X.X.); (S.X.); (Z.N.); (W.W.); (E.Z.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Xinhui Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.M.); (X.X.); (S.X.); (Z.N.); (W.W.); (E.Z.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Shuxian Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.M.); (X.X.); (S.X.); (Z.N.); (W.W.); (E.Z.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Zhaowen Nie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.M.); (X.X.); (S.X.); (Z.N.); (W.W.); (E.Z.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.M.); (X.X.); (S.X.); (Z.N.); (W.W.); (E.Z.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Enqi Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.M.); (X.X.); (S.X.); (Z.N.); (W.W.); (E.Z.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Shunsheng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.M.); (X.X.); (S.X.); (Z.N.); (W.W.); (E.Z.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Shenhong Weng
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.M.); (X.X.); (S.X.); (Z.N.); (W.W.); (E.Z.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Hexiang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China;
| | - Dan Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.M.); (X.X.); (S.X.); (Z.N.); (W.W.); (E.Z.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (N.Z.); (S.M.); (X.X.); (S.X.); (Z.N.); (W.W.); (E.Z.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (D.X.)
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Pourrostami K, Heshmat R, Derakhshanian H, Ejtahed HS, Shafiee G, Safari O, Abkhoo AR, Mohammadian-Khonsari N, Mahdavi-Gorabi A, Ebrahimi M, Qorbani M, Kelishadi R. The association between vitamin D status and sleep duration in school-aged children; the CASPIAN-V study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:341-346. [PMID: 37255800 PMCID: PMC10225404 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Considering the high prevalence of both vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and sleep impairment in children and adolescents, this study was conducted to determine the association between VDD and sleep duration in the Iranian pediatric population. Methods This multicentric national study was conducted in 2019 on 2564 frozen sera obtained from 7 to 18- year students who were studied in the fifth survey of a national school-based surveillance program conducted in 30 provinces of Iran. Sleep duration was assessed using a questionnaire based on the World Health Organization-Global School-based Student Health Survey protocol. Short sleep duration was defined as sleep duration less than 8 h/day VDD Vitamin D < 20 ng/dL, and vitamin D insufficiency as 20-30 ng/dL.An adjusted logistic regression model was applied to evaluate the associations of vitamin D status with sleep duration. Results The Mean (SD) of students' age was 12.1(3.0) years; overall 10.6%of participants had VDD and 23% of participants had short sleep duration. in the adjusted logistic model, students with a low level of vitamin D (insufficient and deficient) had a higher odds of short sleep duration in comparison to those with normal vitamin D level (OR: 1.29, 95%CI: 1.02-1.62). Conclusion The current study showed that low Vitamin D levels (insufficient and deficient)were significantly associated with short sleep duration in school-aged children. Further studies are recommended to determine the efficacy of vitamin D replacement in improving sleep duration and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumars Pourrostami
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Derakhshanian
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gita Shafiee
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Safari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Amin Reza Abkhoo
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Armita Mahdavi-Gorabi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ebrahimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Mohan ME, Thomas JV, Mohan MC, Das S S, Prabhakaran P, Pulikkaparambil Sasidharan BC. A proprietary black cumin oil extract ( Nigella sativa) (BlaQmax ®) modulates stress-sleep-immunity axis safely: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1152680. [PMID: 37139438 PMCID: PMC10149792 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1152680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Stress, sleep, and immunity are important interdependent factors that play critical roles in the maintenance of health. It has been established that stress can affect sleep, and the quality and duration of sleep significantly impact immunity. However, single drugs capable of targeting these factors are limited because of their multi-targeting mechanisms. The present study investigated the influence of a proprietary thymoquinone-rich black cumin oil extract (BCO-5) in modulating stress, sleep, and immunity. Methods A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled study was carried out on healthy volunteers with self-reported non-refreshing sleep issues (n = 72), followed by supplementation with BCO-5/placebo at 200 mg/day for 90 days. Validated questionnaires, PSQI and PSS, were employed for monitoring sleep and stress respectively, along with the measurement of cortisol and melatonin levels. Immunity markers were analyzed at the end of the study. Results In the BCO-5 group, 70% of the participants reported satisfaction with their sleep pattern on day 7 and 79% on day 14. Additionally, both inter- and intra- group analyses of the total PSQI scores and component scores (sleep latency, duration, efficiency, quality, and daytime dysfunction) on days 45 and 90 showed the effectiveness of BCO-5 in the improvement of sleep (p < 0.05). PSS-14 analysis revealed a significant reduction in stress, upon both intra (p < 0.001) and inter-group (p < 0.001) comparisons. The observed reduction in stress among the BCO-5 group, with respect to the placebo, was significant with an effect size of 1.19 by the end of the study (p < 0.001). A significant correlation was also observed between improved sleep and reduced stress as evident from PSQI and PSS. Furthermore, there was a significant modulation in melatonin, cortisol, and orexin levels. Hematological/immunological parameters further revealed the immunomodulatory effects of BCO-5. Conclusion BCO-5 significantly modulated the stress-sleep-immunity axis with no side effects and restored restful sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muttanahally Eraiah Mohan
- Department of General Medicine, BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jestin V. Thomas
- Leads Clinical Research and Bio Services Private Limited, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohind C. Mohan
- Centre for Neuroscience, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Syam Das S
- R&D Centre, Akay Natural Ingredients, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | | | - Baby Chakrapani Pulikkaparambil Sasidharan
- Centre for Neuroscience, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
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Herrero Babiloni A, Baril AA, Charlebois-Plante C, Jodoin M, Sanchez E, De Baets L, Arbour C, Lavigne GJ, Gosselin N, De Beaumont L. The Putative Role of Neuroinflammation in the Interaction between Traumatic Brain Injuries, Sleep, Pain and Other Neuropsychiatric Outcomes: A State-of-the-Art Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051793. [PMID: 36902580 PMCID: PMC10002551 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are widely prevalent following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and have the potential to contribute to numerous post-traumatic physiological, psychological, and cognitive difficulties developing chronically, including chronic pain. An important pathophysiological mechanism involved in the recovery of TBI is neuroinflammation, which leads to many downstream consequences. While neuroinflammation is a process that can be both beneficial and detrimental to individuals' recovery after sustaining a TBI, recent evidence suggests that neuroinflammation may worsen outcomes in traumatically injured patients, as well as exacerbate the deleterious consequences of sleep disturbances. Additionally, a bidirectional relationship between neuroinflammation and sleep has been described, where neuroinflammation plays a role in sleep regulation and, in turn, poor sleep promotes neuroinflammation. Given the complexity of this interplay, this review aims to clarify the role of neuroinflammation in the relationship between sleep and TBI, with an emphasis on long-term outcomes such as pain, mood disorders, cognitive dysfunctions, and elevated risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia. In addition, some management strategies and novel treatment targeting sleep and neuroinflammation will be discussed in order to establish an effective approach to mitigate long-term outcomes after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Herrero Babiloni
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- CIUSSS-NIM, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrée-Ann Baril
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
| | | | - Marianne Jodoin
- CIUSSS-NIM, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Erlan Sanchez
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Liesbet De Baets
- Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Caroline Arbour
- CIUSSS-NIM, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada
- Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Gilles J. Lavigne
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- CIUSSS-NIM, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Nadia Gosselin
- CIUSSS-NIM, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Louis De Beaumont
- CIUSSS-NIM, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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9
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Garrido-Suárez BB, Garrido-Valdes M, Garrido G. Reactogenic sleepiness after COVID-19 vaccination. A hypothesis involving orexinergic system linked to inflammatory signals. Sleep Med 2022; 98:79-86. [PMID: 35792321 PMCID: PMC9212783 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a global healthcare crisis that has led to morbidity and mortality on an unprecedented scale. While studies on COVID-19 vaccines are ongoing, the knowledge about the reactogenic symptoms that can occur after vaccination and its generator mechanisms can be critical for healthcare professionals to improve compliance with the future vaccination campaign. Because sleep and immunity are bidirectionally linked, sleepiness or sleep disturbance side effects reported after some of the COVID-19 vaccines advise an academic research line in the context of physiological or pathological neuroimmune interactions. On the recognized basis of inflammatory regulation of hypothalamic neurons in sickness behavior, we hypothesized that IL-1β, INF-γ and TNF-α pro-inflammatory cytokines inhibit orexinergic neurons promoting sleepiness after peripheral activation of the innate immune system induced by the novel COVID-19 vaccines. In addition, based on knowledge of previous vaccines and disease manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection, it also suggests that narcolepsy must be included as potential adverse events of particular interest to consider in pharmacovigilance studies.
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10
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Werner S, Doerfel C, Biedermann R, Lorenz M, Rasche M, Proquitté H, Newman L, Vilser D. The CSHQ-DE Questionnaire Uncovers Relevant Sleep Disorders in Children and Adolescents with Long COVID. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9091419. [PMID: 36138727 PMCID: PMC9497557 DOI: 10.3390/children9091419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute SARS-CoV-2 infections in children and adolescents are usually mild. However, they can suffer from ongoing symptoms, generally referred to as long COVID. Sleep disorders are one of the most frequent complaints in long COVID although precise data are missing. We assessed the sleep behavior of children and adolescents who presented at our outpatient clinic between January 2021 and May 2022 with the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ-DE). We compared the sleep behavior at three different time points: pre-COVID-19; post-COVID-19 at the initial presentation; and post-COVID-19 at re-presentation. Data from 45 patients were analyzed. Of those, 64% were female and the median age was 10 years (range: 0–18 years). Asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 disease was experienced in 89% of patients; 11% experienced moderate disease. The initial presentation occurred at a median of 20.4 weeks (6 weeks–14 months) after the infection. The CSHQ-DE score increased significantly from pre-COVID-19 (45.82 ± 8.7 points) to post-COVID-19 (49.40 ± 8.3 points; p ≤ 0.01). The score then normalized at re-presentation (46.98 ± 7.8; p = 0.1). The greatest changes were seen in the CSHQ-DE subscale score “daytime sleepiness”. Our data showed that children and adolescents with long COVID often suffer from sleep disturbances. For most children and adolescents, these sleep disorders decreased over time without any further medical intervention aside from a basic sleep consultation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Werner
- Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Claus Doerfel
- Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Richard Biedermann
- Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Lorenz
- Respiratory, Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Marius Rasche
- Respiratory, Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Hans Proquitté
- Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Lars Newman
- Cardiology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Vilser
- Cardiology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence:
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11
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Rowe RK, Green TRF, Giordano KR, Ortiz JB, Murphy SM, Opp MR. Microglia Are Necessary to Regulate Sleep after an Immune Challenge. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1241. [PMID: 36009868 PMCID: PMC9405260 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microglia play a critical role in the neuroimmune response, but little is known about the role of microglia in sleep following an inflammatory trigger. Nevertheless, decades of research have been predicated on the assumption that an inflammatory trigger increases sleep through microglial activation. We hypothesized that mice (n = 30) with depleted microglia using PLX5622 (PLX) would sleep less following the administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation. Brains were collected and microglial morphology was assessed using quantitative skeletal analyses and physiological parameters were recorded using non-invasive piezoelectric cages. Mice fed PLX diet had a transient increase in sleep that dissipated by week 2. Subsequently, following a first LPS injection (0.4 mg/kg), mice with depleted microglia slept more than mice on the control diet. All mice were returned to normal rodent chow to repopulate microglia in the PLX group (10 days). Nominal differences in sleep existed during the microglia repopulation period. However, following a second LPS injection, mice with repopulated microglia slept similarly to control mice during the dark period but with longer bouts during the light period. Comparing sleep after the first LPS injection to sleep after the second LPS injection, controls exhibited temporal changes in sleep patterns but no change in cumulative minutes slept, whereas cumulative sleep in mice with repopulated microglia decreased during the dark period across all days. Repopulated microglia had a reactive morphology. We conclude that microglia are necessary to regulate sleep after an immune challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K. Rowe
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Tabitha R. F. Green
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Katherine R. Giordano
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ 85012, USA
| | - J. Bryce Ortiz
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ 85012, USA
| | - Sean M. Murphy
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Mark R. Opp
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
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12
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Vo TT, Pahlen S, Kremen WS, McGue M, Dahl Aslan A, Nygaard M, Christensen K, Reynolds CA. Does sleep duration moderate genetic and environmental contributions to cognitive performance? Sleep 2022; 45:6612488. [PMID: 35727734 PMCID: PMC9548666 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
While prior research has demonstrated a relationship between sleep and cognitive performance, how sleep relates to underlying genetic and environmental etiologies contributing to cognitive functioning, regardless of the level of cognitive function, is unclear. The present study assessed whether the importance of genetic and environmental contributions to cognition vary depending on an individual's aging-related sleep characteristics. The large sample consisted of twins from six studies within the Interplay of Genes and Environment across Multiple Studies (IGEMS) consortium spanning mid- to late-life (Average age [Mage] = 57.6, range = 27-91 years, N = 7052, Female = 43.70%, 1525 complete monozygotic [MZ] pairs, 2001 complete dizygotic [DZ] pairs). Quantitative genetic twin models considered sleep duration as a primary moderator of genetic and environmental contributions to cognitive performance in four cognitive abilities (Semantic Fluency, Spatial-Visual Reasoning, Processing Speed, and Episodic Memory), while accounting for age moderation. Results suggested genetic and both shared and nonshared environmental contributions for Semantic Fluency and genetic and shared environmental contributions for Episodic Memory vary by sleep duration, while no significant moderation was observed for Spatial-Visual Reasoning or Processing Speed. Results for Semantic Fluency and Episodic Memory illustrated patterns of higher genetic influences on cognitive function at shorter sleep durations (i.e. 4 hours) and higher shared environmental contributions to cognitive function at longer sleep durations (i.e. 10 hours). Overall, these findings may align with associations of upregulation of neuroinflammatory processes and ineffective beta-amyloid clearance in short sleep contexts and common reporting of mental fatigue in long sleep contexts, both associated with poorer cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina T Vo
- Corresponding author. Tina T. Vo, Psychology Department, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521-9800, USA.
| | - Shandell Pahlen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anna Dahl Aslan
- School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne Nygaard
- The Danish Twin Registry, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Twin Registry, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Chandra A Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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13
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Schilling C, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Schweiger JI. [Cognitive disorders and sleep disturbances in long COVID]. DER NERVENARZT 2022; 93:779-787. [PMID: 35576015 PMCID: PMC9109661 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-022-01297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hintergrund In den letzten 2 Jahren der COVID-19(„coronavirus disease 2019“)-Pandemie ist das Wissen um Langzeitfolgen der Erkrankung, das sog. „Long-COVID“, rapide gewachsen. Es bleiben jedoch noch viele Fragen offen, v. a. was die Ursachen überdauernder Beschwerden und ihre Prognose betrifft. Kognitive Störungen und Schlafstörungen gehören zu den häufig beklagten Beschwerden. Beide gehen mit starkem Leidensdruck und deutlicher Alltagsbeeinträchtigung einher. Ziel der Arbeit Wie ist die Datenlage zum Auftreten kognitiver Störungen und Schlafstörungen bei Long-COVID? Welches sind Einflussfaktoren und was ist bekannt zum Verlauf und zu möglichen zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen? Welche Therapieoptionen gibt es? Material und Methode In einem narrativen Review werden die wichtigsten Befunde zu kognitiven Störungen und Schlafstörungen bei Long-COVID dargestellt. Es wird ein Überblick gegeben über die Kohortenstudien mit Daten zu Prävalenz und Einflussfaktoren beider Symptomkomplexe. Es werden derzeitige Kenntnisse und Hypothesen zu pathophysiologischen Mechanismen dargestellt und ein Ausblick auf Behandlungsansätze gegeben. Ergebnisse Etwa ein Fünftel der Betroffenen berichtet mehr als 3 Monate nach einer SARS-CoV-2(„severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2“)-Infektion über kognitive Einschränkungen, etwa ein Drittel über Schlafstörungen, wobei es neben insomnischen auch zu hypersomnische Beschwerden kommt. Kognitive Störungen und Schlafstörungen treten bei Betroffenen aller Schweregrade auf. Es gibt Hinweise auf eine Besserung kognitiver Defizite im Verlauf, allerdings sind weitere Längsschnittstudien notwendig. Diskussion Neben der Prognose sind die zugrunde liegenden Krankheitsmechanismen noch unzureichend verstanden. Zudem besteht großer Forschungsbedarf zur Wirksamkeit und zu spezifischen Wirkfaktoren therapeutischer Interventionen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Schilling
- Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, 68159, Mannheim, Deutschland.
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, 68159, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - Janina Isabel Schweiger
- Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, 68159, Mannheim, Deutschland
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14
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Wang Y, Ni W, Jin X, Li J, Yu Y. Vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside improves immunosuppression, oxidative stress, and phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt signal pathway in cyclophosphamide treated mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 925:174999. [PMID: 35525311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside (VR) is an important active substance in hawthorn, which is widely used as a food or functional food raw material; however, its immunomodulatory activities have not been extensively studied. In this study, BALB/c mice immunocompromised by cyclophosphamide (CY) were used as models to explore the effects of VR on the immunity and antioxidant capacity of mice. The results revealed that VR can restore weight to the immunosuppressed mice to varying degrees, improve spleen and thymus injury, and restore peripheral blood levels. Furthermore, it can effectively promote the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cell activities, and the secretion and mRNA expression of cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12 to 0.36, 0.34, 50.25%, 45.74%, 28.36 pg/mL or 0.68, 31.81 pg/mL or 0.74, 20.40 pg/mL or 0.75, and 19.81 pg/mL or 0.55, respectively. Moreover, it can upregulate the phosphorylation level of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in mice immunosuppressed by CY, increase the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and decrease the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). This study provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the research and development of health products with targeted efficacy, and the development of diversified products in the hawthorn deep-processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wan Ni
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jinzhou Medical College, Jinzhou, 121013, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xin Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jingshuang Li
- College of Veterinary, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning Province, China.
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15
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Rowe RK, Griesbach GS. Immune-endocrine interactions in the pathophysiology of sleep-wake disturbances following traumatic brain injury: A narrative review. Brain Res Bull 2022; 185:117-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Gentry NW, McMahon T, Yamazaki M, Webb J, Arnold TD, Rosi S, Ptáček LJ, Fu YH. Microglia are involved in the protection of memories formed during sleep deprivation. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2022; 12:100073. [PMID: 35028489 PMCID: PMC8741522 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2021.100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation can generate inflammatory responses in the central nervous system. In turn, this inflammation increases sleep drive, leading to a rebound in sleep duration. Microglia, the innate immune cells found exclusively in the CNS, have previously been found to release inflammatory signals and exhibit altered characteristics in response to sleep deprivation. Together, this suggests that microglia may be partially responsible for the brain's response to sleep deprivation through their inflammatory activity. In this study, we ablated microglia from the mouse brain and assessed resulting sleep, circadian, and sleep deprivation phenotypes. We find that microglia are dispensable for both homeostatic sleep and circadian function and the sleep rebound response to sleep deprivation. However, we uncover a phenomenon by which microglia appear to be essential for the protection of fear-conditioning memories formed during the recovery sleep period following a period of sleep deprivation. This phenomenon occurs potentially through the upregulation of synaptic-homeostasis related genes to protect nascent dendritic spines that may be otherwise removed or downscaled during recovery sleep. These findings further expand the list of known functions for microglia in synaptic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W. Gentry
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Thomas McMahon
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Maya Yamazaki
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - John Webb
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Thomas D. Arnold
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Susanna Rosi
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Louis J. Ptáček
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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17
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Traumatic Brain Injury Characteristics Predictive of Subsequent Sleep-Wake Disturbances in Pediatric Patients. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040600. [PMID: 35453799 PMCID: PMC9030185 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death and disabilities in children and adolescents. Poor sleep after brain injury can slow recovery and worsen outcomes. We investigated clinical sleep problems following pediatric brain injury. We examined characteristics of the injury and details about the patients that may be risk factors for developing sleep problems. The number of patients that developed problems with their sleep after a brain injury was similar between genders. The probability of insomnia increased with increasing patient age. The probability of ‘difficulty sleeping’ was highest in 7–9 year-old brain-injured patients. Older patients had a shorter time between brain injury and sleep problems compared to younger patients. Patients with severe brain injury had the shortest time between brain injury and development of sleep problems, whereas patients with mild or moderate brain injury had comparable times between brain injury and the onset of poor sleep. Multiple characteristics of brain injury and patient details were identified as risk factors for developing sleep problems following a brain injury in children. Untreated sleep problems after a brain injury can worsen symptoms, lengthen hospital stays, and delay return to school. Identifying risk factors could improve the diagnosis, management, and treatment of sleep problems in survivors of pediatric brain injury. Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of sleep-wake disturbances (SWD) following pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), and to examine characteristics of TBI and patient demographics that might be predictive of subsequent SWD development. This single-institution retrospective study included patients diagnosed with a TBI during 2008–2019 who also had a subsequent diagnosis of an SWD. Data were collected using ICD-9/10 codes for 207 patients and included the following: age at initial TBI, gender, TBI severity, number of TBIs diagnosed prior to SWD diagnosis, type of SWD, and time from initial TBI to SWD diagnosis. Multinomial logit and negative-binomial models were fit to investigate whether the multiple types of SWD and the time to onset of SWD following TBI could be predicted by patient variables. Distributions of SWD diagnosed after TBI were similar between genders. The probability of insomnia increased with increasing patient age. The probability of ‘difficulty sleeping’ was highest in 7–9 year-old TBI patients. Older TBI patients had shorter time to SWD onset than younger patients. Patients with severe TBI had the shortest time to SWD onset, whereas patients with mild or moderate TBI had comparable times to SWD onset. Multiple TBI characteristics and patient demographics were predictive of a subsequent SWD diagnosis in the pediatric population. This is an important step toward increasing education among providers, parents, and patients about the risk of developing SWD following TBI.
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18
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Vitamin D Supplementation and Sleep: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Intervention Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051076. [PMID: 35268051 PMCID: PMC8912284 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with sleep disorders and poor sleep quality. Whether vitamin D supplementation (VDS) helps resolve these problems remains unclear. Objective: To systematically review the effect of VDS on sleep quantity, quality, and disorders, and perform a meta-analysis of available data. Methods: The reporting of this review followed the PRISMA statement. VDS human interventions studies that reported on sleep quality, quantity, or disorders were included. Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycInfo, the Cochrane Library, Clinicaltrials.gov, and the ICTRP were searched, in addition to the references of the included articles and previous relevant reviews, without language or time restrictions. Included studies were critically appraised, findings were narratively synthesized, and a meta-analysis was conducted. Furthermore, the overall certainty of the evidence was assessed. Results: A total of 19 studies were included (13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 1 opportunistic addition to an RCT, 4 pre−post studies, and 1 pre−post study analyzed as a case series); 3 RCTs were meta-analyses. The risk of bias was generally low. Pre−post studies showed a significant improvement in sleep quality with VDS. Similarly, the results of the meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant decrease in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index with VDS compared with placebo (mean difference, −2.33 (95% CI, −3.09, −1.57); p < 0.001; I2 = 0%), with a moderate certainty of evidence. The results regarding the effect of VDS on sleep-related impairment, difficulty, and disorders, as well as sleepiness and restless legs syndrome, were not unanimous. Conclusions: VDS is promising in improving sleep quality; however, its effect on sleep quantity and disorders needs to be further investigated.
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19
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Dietzel J. Long-COVID, Post-COVID und Chronic Fatigue – Symptom, Syndrom, Diagnose. DEUTSCHE ZEITSCHRIFT FU¨R AKUPUNKTUR 2022. [PMCID: PMC9589870 DOI: 10.1007/s42212-022-00508-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Dietzel
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Hochschulambulanz für Naturheilkunde, Institut für Sozialmedizin, Epidemiologie, und Gesundheitsökonomie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Luisenstr. 57, B-10117 Berlin, Deutschland
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20
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Bahrami A, Rezaeitalab F, Farahmand SK, Mazloum Khorasani Z, Arabi SM, Bahrami-Taghanaki H, Ferns GA, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. High-dose Vitamin D Supplementation and Improvement in Cognitive Abilities, Insomnia, and Daytime Sleepiness in Adolescent Girls. Basic Clin Neurosci 2021; 12:339-348. [PMID: 34917293 PMCID: PMC8666927 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.1910.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Vitamin D may affect the modulation of signaling pathways in the central nervous system. We aimed to evaluate the effect of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on neuropsychological functions in female adolescents. Methods: We studied the effects of 9 weeks of vitamin D supplementation (50000 IU vitamin D3 [cholecalciferol]/week) on cognitive abilities and sleep disorders in 940 adolescent girls. Results: Oral vitamin D supplementation improved cognitive abilities, including memory, inhibitory control, selective attention, decision making, planning, sustained attention, and cognitive flexibility in healthy adolescent girls (P<0.001). The prevalence of subjects with insomnia after intervention fell from 15.0% to 11.3%. Similar results were also found for the prevalence of sleepiness (15.6% reduced to 14.7%), or cases with both insomnia and sleepiness (8.0% reduced to 6.1%; P<0.05). Conclusion: High dose of vitamin D can improve cognitive abilities and alleviate insomnia and daytime sleepiness in adolescent girls. Further investigations are required on different population groups (age and gender) to determine the sustainability of these effects. The value of vitamin D therapy in other neurological disorders would also be of research interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Bijand, Iran
| | - Fariborz Rezaeitalab
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Kazem Farahmand
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Mazloum Khorasani
- Endocrine Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Arabi
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Bahrami-Taghanaki
- Chinese and Complementary Medicine Research Center, School of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, School of Brighton & Sussex Medical, University of Brighton and the University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, UK
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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21
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Fried J, Yuen E, Gudis DA, Schlosser RJ, Nguyen SA, Rowan NR. Changes in Sleep Quality Following Treatment for Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2021; 36:386-396. [PMID: 34889643 DOI: 10.1177/19458924211061442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) presents with broad and systemic manifestations, including impaired sleep; however, the impact of CRS treatments upon sleep is unknown. OBJECTIVE To establish the effect of medical or surgical CRS treatment on subjective and objective sleep metrics for patients not previously diagnosed with sleep apnea. METHODS Review of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library was performed from the databases' date of inception through August 13, 2020, for studies evaluating the effect of CRS treatment on sleep quality. All studies reporting on subjective and objective sleep parameters for patients with CRS, with completed pre- and posttreatment data were included. Studies composed of patients with diagnosed sleep apnea were excluded. RESULTS Sixteen unique studies reporting data on a total of 1770 patients (mean age, 50.6 ± 15.6 (n = 1675) years) following treatment for CRS were included. Patient-reported outcome measures, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Fatigue Severity Scale, demonstrated mean posttreatment differences of -2.8 (95% CI: -4.9 to -0.7), -2.4 (95% CI: -3.7 to -1.2), and -1.2 (95% CI: -1.6 to -0.7), respectively. The SNOT-22 and its sleep domain demonstrated a mean posttreatment difference of -23.5 (95% CI: -31.7 to -15.3) and -5.4 (95% CI: -6.8 to -4.0), respectively. EpSS, FSS and SNOT-22 exceeded their respective reported MCID values. Objective findings did not significantly change with treatment; mean difference: AHI: 0.7 (95% CI: -1.5 to 2.9), oxygen nadir: 0.3 (95% CI: -0.4 to 0.9). CONCLUSIONS Treatment of CRS may lead to clinically meaningful reduction in disease burden and improvements in both overall sleep quality and patient-reported fatigue. Despite clinically meaningful quality of life improvements, objective sleep parameters did not demonstrate corresponding posttreatment improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Fried
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 2345Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Erick Yuen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 2345Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - David A Gudis
- 5798Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 5798Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 2345Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Shaun A Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 2345Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Nicholas R Rowan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 1500The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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22
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Bonilla-Jaime H, Zeleke H, Rojas A, Espinosa-Garcia C. Sleep Disruption Worsens Seizures: Neuroinflammation as a Potential Mechanistic Link. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12531. [PMID: 34830412 PMCID: PMC8617844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances, such as insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and daytime sleepiness, are common in people diagnosed with epilepsy. These disturbances can be attributed to nocturnal seizures, psychosocial factors, and/or the use of anti-epileptic drugs with sleep-modifying side effects. Epilepsy patients with poor sleep quality have intensified seizure frequency and disease progression compared to their well-rested counterparts. A better understanding of the complex relationship between sleep and epilepsy is needed, since approximately 20% of seizures and more than 90% of sudden unexpected deaths in epilepsy occur during sleep. Emerging studies suggest that neuroinflammation, (e.g., the CNS immune response characterized by the change in expression of inflammatory mediators and glial activation) may be a potential link between sleep deprivation and seizures. Here, we review the mechanisms by which sleep deprivation induces neuroinflammation and propose that neuroinflammation synergizes with seizure activity to worsen neurodegeneration in the epileptic brain. Additionally, we highlight the relevance of sleep interventions, often overlooked by physicians, to manage seizures, prevent epilepsy-related mortality, and improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Área de Biología Conductual y Reproductiva, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico CP 09340, Mexico;
| | - Helena Zeleke
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Biology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Asheebo Rojas
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Claudia Espinosa-Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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23
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Garbarino S, Lanteri P, Bragazzi NL, Magnavita N, Scoditti E. Role of sleep deprivation in immune-related disease risk and outcomes. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1304. [PMID: 34795404 PMCID: PMC8602722 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern societies are experiencing an increasing trend of reduced sleep duration, with nocturnal sleeping time below the recommended ranges for health. Epidemiological and laboratory studies have demonstrated detrimental effects of sleep deprivation on health. Sleep exerts an immune-supportive function, promoting host defense against infection and inflammatory insults. Sleep deprivation has been associated with alterations of innate and adaptive immune parameters, leading to a chronic inflammatory state and an increased risk for infectious/inflammatory pathologies, including cardiometabolic, neoplastic, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review recent advancements on the immune responses to sleep deprivation as evidenced by experimental and epidemiological studies, the pathophysiology, and the role for the sleep deprivation-induced immune changes in increasing the risk for chronic diseases. Gaps in knowledge and methodological pitfalls still remain. Further understanding of the causal relationship between sleep deprivation and immune deregulation would help to identify individuals at risk for disease and to prevent adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Paola Lanteri
- Neurophysiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Nicola Magnavita
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman/Child and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100, Lecce, Italy
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Ai M, Li SS, Chen H, Wang XT, Sun JN, Hou B, Cai WW, Zhou YT, Qiu LY. 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 attenuates sleep disturbance in mouse models of Lewis lung cancer, in silico and in vivo. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7473-7490. [PMID: 34061988 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Many clinical studies have reported that patients diagnosed with cancer will suffer from sleep disturbance during their clinical process, especially among lung cancer patients, and this effect will not easily subside. 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin-D3 [1,25(OH)2 D3 ], the activated form of vitamin D, can participate in neuronal differentiation and prevent damage to the nervous system. However, little is known about the potential therapeutic effects of cancer-related psychiatric symptoms. In light of this, we hypothesized that a low circulating level of vitamin D was related to sleep quality in the presence of a tumor, 1,25(OH)2 D3 may be an effective way to ameliorate sleep disturbance and neurochemical alterations along with the cancer progress. Male C57BL/6 mice were implanted with intracranial transmitters to monitor electroencephalogram and were subcutaneously inoculated with Lewis lung cancer cells. The results demonstrated that on Days 19-20, tumor-bearing mice displayed fragmented sleep, shortened wake phase, prolonged sleep in the non-rapid eye movement phase, and the levels of vitamin D-associated genes in the brain had changed a lot compared to control mice. Importantly, 1,25(OH)2 D3 treatment really effectively saved the sleep quality of tumor-bearing mice. We further explored and confirmed that 1,25(OH)2 D3 repressed tumor-induced neuroinflammation (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-2), enhanced neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], glialcellline-derived neurotrophic factor) and 5-HT system in the hippocampus, hypothalamus or cortex. A molecular docking approah manifested the ability of 1,25(OH)2 D3 to affect the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 and BDNF. Together, our results suggested that 1,25(OH)2 D3 treatment may attenuate sleep disturbance in Lewis lung cancer-bearing mice, and become a promising strategy for treating cancer symptom clusters to ameliorate the quality of life of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ai
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Hong Chen
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi-Ting Wang
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang-Nan Sun
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bao Hou
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Wei Cai
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue-Tao Zhou
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Ying Qiu
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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25
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The Association of Sleep Quality and Vitamin D Levels in Hemodialysis Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:4612091. [PMID: 34604382 PMCID: PMC8481063 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4612091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background To date, hemodialysis (HD) is the most common therapy for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. However, it causes different complications such as sleep disorders. Sleep regulation is connected to vitamin D; hence, its deficiency might influence the quality and duration of sleep. This study is aimed at evaluating the correlation of sleep quality and vitamin D levels in 80 HD patients. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on 80 hemodialysis patients admitted to 29 Bahman hospitals in Tabriz, Iran. Before beginning of dialysis, serum 25 (OH) D levels were assessed among patients and the sleep patterns and sleep quality of patients were accurately calculated by the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) standard questionnaire. Results Our results showed that 22 HD patients (27.5%) had severe sleep disorders. In addition, it was found that serum levels of vitamin D had significant correlation with sleep quality (r = −0.341, p = 0.002) in general, even after adjusting confounding factors such as calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) level. In poor sleepers (PSQI ≤ 5), a negative correlation was observed between the levels of vitamin D and PSQI score (r = −0.397, p = 0.004). PSQI scores in the normal range of PTH (r = −0.377, p = 0.006) and in >600 pg/ml of PTH (r = −0.675, p = 0.011) had a correlation with vitamin D levels. The level of vitamin D was the single independent predictor of sleep efficiency (β coefficient = −0.386, p = 0.001). Conclusion The present project reported that the positive effect of vitamin D is associated with sleep disorder in HD patients. In future studies, normal levels of Ca and P should be considered along with normal vitamin D levels among the included patients.
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26
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McElheny KD, Little D, Taylor D, Manzi JE. Communicable Illness Mitigation Strategies for Traveling Elite Sporting Organizations. Sports Health 2021; 14:532-537. [PMID: 34292110 DOI: 10.1177/19417381211032226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Transmission of communicable diseases observed in sporting organizations is often preventable. Early detection, isolation, and treatment can significantly diminish time lost. Until recently, there has been a paucity of standardized guidelines outlining feasible, preventable measures to protect both athletes and staff from contagious illnesses. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative was to highlight optimal prevention practices for transmission mitigation, with a particular focus on hygiene activity and travel considerations in professional sporting organizations. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Current recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and peer-reviewed journals. STUDY DESIGN Clinical review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 5. RESULTS Communicable illness prevention strategies begin at the level of sufficient personal hygiene practices. Common area surface cleaning recommendations, including shared equipment sanitization between usage as well as designated equipment use to specific athletes, should be considered to minimize cross-contamination, in particular, for liked-position players. Intelligent design for shared areas can include redistributing the layout of communal spaces, most feasibly, spreading locker designation a minimum distance of 6 ft from one another. Travel considerations can include placing most susceptible passengers closest to window seating, boarding last and exiting first. Team physicians should have knowledge of essential personnel medical histories in an effort to risk stratify staff members and players in the setting of communicable disease. CONCLUSION Providing a framework for illness management and prevention is important when considering the effects on player health, missed time, performance, and overall cost. Containment of commonly observed communicable illnesses can be optimized with sufficient personal hygiene practices, common area surface cleaning recommendations, intelligent design for shared areas, travel and hotel considerations, as well as appropriate screening tools and isolation techniques. STRENGTH OF RECOMMENDATION TAXONOMY (SORT) B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn D McElheny
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York.,New York Mets Baseball Club, Queens, New York
| | - Dean Little
- New York Mets Baseball Club, Queens, New York
| | - David Taylor
- United States Olympic and Paralympics Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado.,Golden State Warriors Basketball Club, San Francisco, California
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27
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Jorquera-Aguilera C, Barahona-Fuentes G, Pérez Peña MJ, Yeomans Cabrera MM, Huerta Ojeda Á. Sleep Quality in Chilean Professional Soccer Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115866. [PMID: 34072595 PMCID: PMC8198782 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has shown that good sleep quality has a positive effect on physical performance. However, sleep quality in Chilean professional soccer players is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine sleep quality in Chilean professional soccer players. It was a cross-sectional, explanatory study with observable variables. The sample consisted of 94 Chilean male soccer players belonging to four professional clubs. The main variable was the Sleep Quality Index, evaluated through the Pittsburgh questionnaire (Spanish version). After estimating sleep quality individually, the four professional soccer clubs’ comparison was performed through a one-factor ANOVA. The Pearson test was used to relate the questionnaire variables; the significance level was p < 0.05. In the global analysis of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, a value of 4.75 ± 2.29 on a scale of 0–21 was observed, with no significant differences between the clubs evaluated (p > 0.05). Based on the results obtained, Chilean male professional soccer players present good sleep quality. However, the high values of “sleep latency” and “sleep disturbances” are indicators that should be worked on by the multidisciplinary team of each professional club. They should develop strategies to improve sleep hygiene, encourage good sleep, and fall asleep efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jorquera-Aguilera
- Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile;
| | - Guillermo Barahona-Fuentes
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte ISAFYD, Universidad de Las Américas, sede Viña del Mar 2531098, Chile;
| | - María José Pérez Peña
- Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Magíster en Nutrición para la Actividad Física y Deporte, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile;
| | | | - Álvaro Huerta Ojeda
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte ISAFYD, Universidad de Las Américas, sede Viña del Mar 2531098, Chile;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-9-77980432
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28
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Xiao Q, Qian J, Evans DS, Redline S, Lane NE, Ancoli-Israel S, Scheer FAJL, Stone K. Cross-Sectional and Prospective Associations of Rest-Activity Rhythms with Circulating Inflammatory Markers in Older Men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:55-65. [PMID: 33822930 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines in older adults, known as inflammaging, is an important risk factor for morbidity and mortality in the aging population. It has been suggested that circadian disruption may play a role in chronic inflammation, but there has been limited study that investigated the overall profile of 24-hour rest-activity rhythms in relation to inflammation using longitudinal data. In the Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men Study, we applied the extended cosine model to derive multiple rest-activity rhythm characteristics using multi-day actigraphy, and examined their associations with six inflammatory markers (i.e., CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, TNF-α-sRII, IL-1 β, IFN-γ) measured from fasting blood. We assessed both the cross-sectional association between rest-activity rhythms and inflammatory markers measured at baseline, and the prospective association between baseline rest-activity rhythms and changes in in inflammatory markers over 3.5 years of follow up. We found that multiple rest-activity characteristics, including lower amplitude and relative amplitude, and decreased overall rhythmicity, were associated with higher levels of CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and TNF-α-sRII, but not IL-1β and IFN-γ at baseline. Moreover, the lowest quartile of these three rest-activity characteristics was associated with an approximately two-fold increase in the odds of having elevated inflammation (i.e. having three or more markers in the highest quartile) at baseline. However, we found little evidence supporting a relationship between rest-activity rhythm characteristics and changes in inflammatory markers. Future studies should clarify the dynamic relationship between rest-activity rhythms and inflammation in different populations, and evaluate the effects of improving rest-activity profiles on inflammation and related disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Jingyi Qian
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel S Evans
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Nancy E Lane
- Department of Medicine and Rheumatology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Sonia Ancoli-Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Circadian Biology, University of California San Diego
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Katie Stone
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Deurveilher S, Golovin T, Hall S, Semba K. Microglia dynamics in sleep/wake states and in response to sleep loss. Neurochem Int 2020; 143:104944. [PMID: 33359188 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sleep has an essential role for optimal brain function, but the cellular substrates for sleep regulation are not fully understood. Microglia, the immune cells of the brain, have gained increasingly more attention over the last two decades for their important roles in various brain functions that extend beyond their well-known immune function, including brain development, neuronal protection, and synaptic plasticity. Here we review recent advances in understanding: i) morphological and phenotypic dynamics of microglia including process motility/growth and gene/protein expression, and ii) microglia-neuron interactions including phagocytosis and contact at synapses which alters neuronal circuit activity, both under physiological state in the adult brain. We discuss how the microglia-neuron interactions particularly at synapses could influence microglia and neuronal activities across circadian cycles and sleep/wake states. We also review recent findings on how microglia respond to sleep loss. We conclude by pointing out key questions and proposing suggestions for future research to better understand the role of microglia in sleep regulation, sleep homeostasis, and the function of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Deurveilher
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Tatjana Golovin
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Shannon Hall
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kazue Semba
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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30
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Romano F, Muscogiuri G, Di Benedetto E, Zhukouskaya VV, Barrea L, Savastano S, Colao A, Di Somma C. Vitamin D and Sleep Regulation: Is there a Role for Vitamin D? Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2492-2496. [PMID: 32156230 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200310145935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D exerts multiple pleiotropic effects beyond its role in calcium-phosphate metabolism. Growing evidence suggests an association between hypovitaminosis D and sleep disorders, thus increasing the interest in the role of this vitamin in the regulatory mechanisms of the sleep-wake cycle. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to explore and summarize the current knowledge about the role of vitamin D in sleep regulation and the impact of vitamin D deficiency on sleep disorders. METHODS The main regulatory mechanisms of vitamin D on sleep are explained in this study. The literature was scanned to identify clinical trials and correlation studies showing an association between vitamin D deficiency and sleep disorders. RESULTS Vitamin D receptors and the enzymes that control their activation and degradation are expressed in several areas of the brain involved in sleep regulation. Vitamin D is also involved in the pathways of production of Melatonin, the hormone involved in the regulation of human circadian rhythms and sleep. Furthermore, vitamin D can affect sleep indirectly through non-specific pain disorders, correlated with alterations in sleep quality, such as restless legs syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. CONCLUSION Vitamin D has both a direct and an indirect role in the regulation of sleep. Although vitamin D deficiency has been associated to sleep disorders, there is still scant evidence to concretely support the role of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention or treatment of sleep disturbances; indeed, more intervention studies are needed to better clarify these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiammetta Romano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Elea Di Benedetto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Volha V Zhukouskaya
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Carolina Di Somma
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
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Fried J, Yuen E, Li A, Zhang K, Nguyen SA, Gudis DA, Rowan NR, Schlosser RJ. Rhinologic disease and its impact on sleep: a systematic review. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2020; 11:1074-1086. [PMID: 33275331 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinologic disease can be responsible for systemic symptoms affecting mood, cognition, and sleep. It is unclear whether sleep disturbance in specific rhinologic disorders (chronic rhinosinusitis [CRS], rhinitis, and nasal septal deviation [NSD]) is an obstructive phenomenon or due to other mechanisms. In this review we examine the impact of CRS, rhinitis, and NSD on objective and subjective sleep outcome metrics and draw comparisons to normal controls and patients with known obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODS A systematic review of 4 databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) was performed. Studies reporting on objective (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI], respiratory disturbance index [RDI], oxygen nadir) and subjective (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [EpSS], Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI], Fatigue Severity Scale [FSS]) sleep parameters and disease-specific patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs; 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test [SNOT-22], Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire [RQLQ], Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation [NOSE]) were included. RESULTS The database search yielded 1414 unique articles, of which 103 were included for analysis. Baseline PROMs were at the high end of normal to abnormal for all 3 conditions: EpSS: CRS (9.8 ± 4.0), rhinitis (9.7 ± 4.3), and NSD (8.9 ± 4.6); and PSQI: CRS (11.0 ± 4.5), rhinitis (6.1 ± 3.7), and NSD (8.6 ± 3.5). Objective measures demonstrated a mild to moderate OSA in the studied diseases: AHI: CRS (10.4 ± 11.5), rhinitis (8.6 ± 8.8), and NSD (13.0 ± 6.9). There were significant differences when compared with reported norms in all measured outcomes (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Sleep quality is impacted by rhinologic (CRS, rhinitis, NSD) disease. There is likely a mild obstructive component contributing to poor sleep, but other contributing factors may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Fried
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Erick Yuen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Andraia Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Kathy Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Shaun A Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - David A Gudis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Nicholas R Rowan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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Yamakawa G, Brady R, Sun M, McDonald S, Shultz S, Mychasiuk R. The interaction of the circadian and immune system: Desynchrony as a pathological outcome to traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2020; 9:100058. [PMID: 33364525 PMCID: PMC7752723 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2020.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex and costly worldwide phenomenon that can lead to many negative health outcomes including disrupted circadian function. There is a bidirectional relationship between the immune system and the circadian system, with mammalian coordination of physiological activities being controlled by the primary circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. The SCN receives light information from the external environment and in turn synchronizes rhythms throughout the brain and body. The SCN is capable of endogenous self-sustained oscillatory activity through an intricate clock gene negative feedback loop. Following TBI, the response of the immune system can become prolonged and pathophysiological. This detrimental response not only occurs in the brain, but also within the periphery, where a leaky blood brain barrier can permit further infiltration of immune and inflammatory factors. The prolonged and pathological immune response that follows TBI can have deleterious effects on clock gene cycling and circadian function not only in the SCN, but also in other rhythmic areas throughout the body. This could bring about a state of circadian desynchrony where different rhythmic structures are no longer working together to promote optimal physiological function. There are many parallels between the negative symptomology associated with circadian desynchrony and TBI. This review discusses the significant contributions of an immune-disrupted circadian system on the negative symptomology following TBI. The implications of TBI symptomology as a disorder of circadian desynchrony are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.R. Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - R.D. Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - M. Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S.J. McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S.R. Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - R. Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Is poor self-rated sleep quality associated with elevated systemic inflammation in healthy older adults? Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111388. [PMID: 33080282 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine subjective sleep quality and inflammation among healthy older adults participating in the Australian Research Council Longevity Intervention (ARCLI). METHODS Data was taken from a sub-set of 232 participants aged between 60-70 years (M = 65.88 ± SD 4.08 years) who participated in the baseline assessment phase of the Australian Research Council Longevity Intervention (ARCLI) study. Subjective sleep was assessed via the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (LSEQ). Inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, hs-CRP) were derived from whole blood. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were used to examine associations between each of the four sleep outcome variables and inflammatory outcomes, examined as a group and following gender stratification. RESULTS Difficulties getting to sleep were independently associated with higher IL-2 [F(1,156) = 4.62, adjusted R2 = 0.02, p = 0.03] and IL-1β [F(1,141) = 8.52, adjusted R2 = 0.05, p = 0.004] (whole group). Difficulties getting to sleep were associated with greater IL-1β [males: F(1,58) = 7.36, adjusted R2 = 0.097 p = 0.009; females: F (1,81) = 4.25, R2 = 0.038, p = 0.04], and negatively associated with hs-CRP (women) [F (1,129) = 4.71, R2 = 0.028, p = 0.032]. DISCUSSION Subjective sleep-onset difficulties are associated with systemic inflammation.
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Liu Y, Li H, Li G, Kang Y, Shi J, Kong T, Yang X, Xu J, Li C, Su KP, Wang F. Active smoking, sleep quality and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neuroinflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 89:623-627. [PMID: 32717405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Cigarette smoking has been shown to be associated with sleep disorders and the related neuropathogenesis including neuroinflammation. Previous studies showed that pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are physiologically important in maintaining circadian function. In addition, sleep deprivation leads to immune dysregulations. However, no study has been published yet by using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of neuroinflammation to investigate the relationship between active cigarette smoking and sleep disorders. METHODS CSF tissues from subjects of 191 male subjects (non-smokers n = 104; active smokers n = 87) receiving local anesthesia before surgery for anterior cruciate ligament injuries were obtained after the assessment of clinical information and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), Interleukin (IL) 1 beta (IL1β), IL2, IL4, IL6 and IL10 were measured using radioimmunoassay and ELISA. RESULTS PSQI scores were significantly higher in active smokers than that in non-smokers (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.63). Significantly higher levels of CSF TNFα were found in active smokers compared to non-smokers (28 ± 1.97 vs. 22.97 ± 2.48, p < 0.05, Cohen's d = 2.23). There was a positive correlation between CSF IL1β levels and PSQI scores in non-smokers (r = 0.31, p = 0.01, adjustment R-Squared = 0.11). DISCUSSION This is the first study to reveal the association between higher CSF TNFα levels and poorer sleep quality in active smoking. In addition, CSF IL1β levels might be a potential biomarker in central nervous system for circadian dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Liu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830063, China; Psychosomatic Medicine Research Division, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot 010110, China
| | - Guohua Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830063, China
| | - Yimin Kang
- Psychosomatic Medicine Research Division, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot 010110, China
| | - Jianping Shi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830063, China
| | - Tiantian Kong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830063, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Jinzhong Xu
- The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling 317500, China
| | - Cunbao Li
- Psychosomatic Medicine Research Division, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot 010110, China
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Fan Wang
- Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100096, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830063, China.
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Optimisation and Validation of a Nutritional Intervention to Enhance Sleep Quality and Quantity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092579. [PMID: 32854375 PMCID: PMC7551573 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Disturbed sleep may negatively influence physical health, cognitive performance, metabolism, and general wellbeing. Nutritional interventions represent a potential non-pharmacological means to increase sleep quality and quantity. Objective: (1) Identify an optimal suite of nutritional ingredients and (2) validate the effects of this suite utilising polysomnography, and cognitive and balance tests. Methods: The optimal and least optimal combinations of six ingredients were identified utilising 55 male participants and a Box–Behnken predictive model. To validate the model, 18 healthy, male, normal sleepers underwent three trials in a randomised, counterbalanced design: (1) optimal drink, (2) least optimal drink, or (3) placebo were provided before bed in a double-blinded manner. Polysomnography was utilised to measure sleep architecture. Cognitive performance, postural sway, and subjective sleep quality, were assessed 30 min after waking. Results: The optimal drink resulted in a significantly shorter sleep onset latency (9.9 ± 12.3 min) when compared to both the least optimal drink (26.1 ± 37.4 min) and the placebo drink (19.6 ± 32.0 min). No other measures of sleep, cognitive performance, postural sway, and subjective sleep quality were different between trials. Conclusion: A combination of ingredients, optimised to enhance sleep, significantly reduced sleep onset latency. No detrimental effects on sleep architecture, subjective sleep quality or next day performance were observed.
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Fatigue in Cancer and Neuroinflammatory and Autoimmune Disease: CNS Arousal Matters. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10090569. [PMID: 32824904 PMCID: PMC7564388 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10090569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The term fatigue is not only used to describe a sleepy state with a lack of drive, as observed in patients with chronic physical illnesses, but also a state with an inhibition of drive and central nervous system (CNS) hyperarousal, as frequently observed in patients with major depression. An electroencephalogram (EEG)-based algorithm has been developed to objectively assess CNS arousal and to disentangle these pathophysiologically heterogeneous forms of fatigue. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that fatigued patients with CNS hyperarousal score higher on depressive symptoms than those without this neurophysiological pattern. METHODS Subjects with fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory sum-score > 40) in the context of cancer, neuroinflammatory, or autoimmune diseases were drawn from the 60+ cohort of the Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases. CNS arousal was assessed by automatic EEG-vigilance stage classification using the Vigilance Algorithm Leipzig (VIGALL 2.1) based on 20 min EEG recordings at rest with eyes closed. Depression was assessed by the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS-SR). RESULTS Sixty participants (33 female; median age: 67.5 years) were included in the analysis. As hypothesized, fatigued patients with CNS hyperarousal had higher IDS-SR scores than those without hyperarousal (F1,58 = 18.34; p < 0.0001, η2 = 0.240). CONCLUSION hyperaroused fatigue in patients with chronic physical illness may be a sign of comorbid depression.
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Abstract
Purpose of review Sleep is intimately involved in overall health and wellbeing. We provide a comprehensive report on the interplay between systemic diseases and sleep to optimize the outcomes of systemic disorders. Recent findings Spanning the categories of endocrinologic disorders, metabolic/toxic disturbances, renal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, malignancy, and critical illness, the review highlights the prevalent coexisting pathology of sleep across the spectrum of systemic disorders. Although it is rare that treating a sleep symptom can cure disease, attention to sleep may improve quality of life and may mitigate or improve the underlying disorder. Recent controversies in assessing the cardiovascular relationship with sleep have called into question some of the benefits of treating comorbid sleep disorders, thereby highlighting the need for an ongoing rigorous investigation into how sleep interplays with systemic diseases. Summary Systemic diseases often have sleep manifestations and this report will help the clinician identify key risk factors linking sleep disorders to systemic diseases so as to optimize the overall care of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M. Davis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Chintan Ramani
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Mark Quigg
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
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Azimaraghi O, Hammer M, Santer P, Platzbecker K, Althoff FC, Patrocinio M, Grabitz SD, Wongtangman K, Rumyantsev S, Xu X, Schaefer MS, Fuller PM, Subramaniam B, Eikermann M. Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial evaluating the effects of the orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant on sleep architecture and delirium in the intensive care unit. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038474. [PMID: 32690536 PMCID: PMC7371384 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insomnia frequently occurs in patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). Sleep-promoting agents may reduce rapid eye movement sleep and have deliriogenic effects. Suvorexant (Belsomra) is an orexin receptor antagonist with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of adult insomnia, which improves sleep onset and maintenance as well as subjective measures of quality of sleep. This trial will evaluate the efficacy of postoperative oral suvorexant treatment on night-time wakefulness after persistent sleep onset as well as the incidence and duration of delirium among adult cardiac surgical patients. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In this single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we will enrol 120 patients, aged 60 years or older, undergoing elective cardiac surgery with planned postoperative admission to the ICU. Participants will be randomised to receive oral suvorexant (20 mg) or placebo one time a day starting the night after extubation. The primary outcome will be wakefulness after persistent sleep onset. The secondary outcome will be total sleep time. Exploratory outcomes will include time to sleep onset, incidence of postoperative in-hospital delirium, number of delirium-free days and subjective sleep quality. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval was obtained through the 'Committee on Clinical Investigations' at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (protocol number 2019P000759). The findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This trial has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov on 17 September 2019 (NCT04092894).
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Azimaraghi
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maximilian Hammer
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Santer
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katharina Platzbecker
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Friederike C Althoff
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Patrocinio
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephanie D Grabitz
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karuna Wongtangman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sandra Rumyantsev
- Pharmacy, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xinling Xu
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maximilian S Schaefer
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience and Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Balachundhar Subramaniam
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthias Eikermann
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Saber M, Giordano KR, Hur Y, Ortiz JB, Morrison H, Godbout JP, Murphy SM, Lifshitz J, Rowe RK. Acute peripheral inflammation and post-traumatic sleep differ between sexes after experimental diffuse brain injury. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:2791-2814. [PMID: 31677290 PMCID: PMC7195243 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Identifying differential responses between sexes following traumatic brain injury (TBI) can elucidate the mechanisms behind disease pathology. Peripheral and central inflammation in the pathophysiology of TBI can increase sleep in male rodents, but this remains untested in females. We hypothesized that diffuse TBI would increase inflammation and sleep in males more so than in females. Diffuse TBI was induced in C57BL/6J mice and serial blood samples were collected (baseline, 1, 5, 7 days post-injury [DPI]) to quantify peripheral immune cell populations and sleep regulatory cytokines. Brains and spleens were harvested at 7DPI to quantify central and peripheral immune cells, respectively. Mixed-effects regression models were used for data analysis. Female TBI mice had 77%-124% higher IL-6 levels than male TBI mice at 1 and 5DPI, whereas IL-1β and TNF-α levels were similar between sexes at all timepoints. Despite baseline sex differences in blood-measured Ly6Chigh monocytes (females had 40% more than males), TBI reduced monocytes by 67% in TBI mice at 1DPI. Male TBI mice had 31%-33% more blood-measured and 31% more spleen-measured Ly6G+ neutrophils than female TBI mice at 1 and 5DPI, and 7DPI, respectively. Compared with sham, TBI increased sleep in both sexes during the first light and dark cycles. Male TBI mice slept 11%-17% more than female TBI mice, depending on the cycle. Thus, sex and TBI interactions may alter the peripheral inflammation profile and sleep patterns, which might explain discrepancies in disease progression based on sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Saber
- BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Katherine R. Giordano
- BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Yerin Hur
- BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ
| | - J. Bryce Ortiz
- BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ
| | | | - Jonathan P. Godbout
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sean M. Murphy
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Jonathan Lifshitz
- BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ
- Phoenix Veteran Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Rachel K. Rowe
- BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ
- Phoenix Veteran Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Dai YX, Tai YH, Chen CC, Chang YT, Chen TJ, Chen MH. Bidirectional association between alopecia areata and sleep disorders: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan. Sleep Med 2020; 75:112-116. [PMID: 32858349 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between alopecia areata (AA) and sleep disorders remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the bidirectional association between AA and sleep disorders. METHODS To assess the risk of developing sleep disorders, we recruited 5648 patients with AA and 22,592 matched controls from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan. Similarly, risk of developing AA was assessed in 93,130 patients with sleep disorders (including 7310 patients with obstructive sleep apnea [OSA] and 85,820 patients with non-apnea insomnia) and 372,520 matched controls. Cox regression model was used for the analysis. RESULTS AA patients had a significantly increased risk of developing OSA (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 3.80; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.53-5.71) and non-apnea insomnia (aHR 4.20; 95% CI 3.68-4.79). Conversely, presence of sleep disorders significantly increased the risk of AA development (aHR 4.70; 95% CI 3.99-5.54). Both OSA (aHR 3.89; 95% CI 2.46-6.16) and nonapnea insomnia (aHR 4.77; 95% CI 4.03-5.64) were associated an increased risk of developing AA. CONCLUSIONS Patients with AA have a higher risk of developing sleep disorders compared to controls, and vice versa. Further studies are needed to investigate the shared pathogenic mechanism underlying these two conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Xiu Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsuan Tai
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ting Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzeng-Ji Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hong Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Whibley D, Guyer HM, Swanson LM, Braley TJ, Kratz AL, Dunietz GL. Sleep disturbance as a moderator of the association between physical activity and later pain onset among American adults aged 50 and over: evidence from the Health and Retirement Study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036219. [PMID: 32513889 PMCID: PMC7282328 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether sleep disturbance modifies the association between physical activity and incident pain. DESIGN Prospective population-based study. SETTING Health and Retirement Study. PARTICIPANTS American adults aged ≥50 years who reported no troublesome pain in 2014 were re-assessed for pain in 2016. Of 9828 eligible baseline respondents, 8036 (82%) had complete follow-up data for adjusted analyses (weighted analysis population N=42 407 222). EXPOSURES Physical activity was assessed via interview with questions about time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity. Sleep disturbance, assessed using a modified form of the Jenkins Sleep Scale, was examined as a potential moderator. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Troublesome pain. RESULTS In weighted analyses, 37.9% of the 2014 baseline pain-free sample participated in moderate or vigorous physical activity once a week or less, with an overall mean Physical Activity Index Score of 9.0 (SE=0.12). 18.6% went on to report troublesome pain in 2016. Each one-point higher on the Physical Activity Index Score was associated with a reduced odds ratio (OR) of incident pain for those who endorsed sleep disturbance never/rarely (OR=0.97, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.99), but not for those who endorsed sleep disturbance sometimes (OR=0.99, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.01) or most of the time (OR=1.01, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.03). The analysis of possible interaction demonstrated that frequency of sleep disturbance moderated the physical activity and incident pain association (Wald test: p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS The beneficial association of physical activity on reduced likelihood of later pain was only observed in persons who endorsed low levels of sleep disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Whibley
- Epidemiology Group, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Heidi M Guyer
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- RTI International, North Carolina, United States
| | - Leslie M Swanson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Tiffany J Braley
- Department of Neurology, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Anna L Kratz
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Galit Levi Dunietz
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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42
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Porkka-Heiskanen T, Wigren HK. Molecular mechanisms of (recovery) sleep: lessons from Drosophila melanogaster. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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43
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Canakis A, Qazi T. Sleep and Fatigue in IBD: an Unrecognized but Important Extra-intestinal Manifestation. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2020; 22:8. [PMID: 32002666 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-020-0746-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The bidirectional relationship between sleep disorders and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has gained considerable attention in recent years. It has been suggested that poor sleep and fatigue are extra-intestinal manifestations of IBD. This review reports recent studies exploring subjective and objective assessments of sleep in the adult IBD population. RECENT FINDINGS In ulcerative colitis patients, poor sleep has been independently linked to depression and poorer IBD-related quality of life. Using home polysomnography, IBD patients were shown to have less rapid eye movement sleep and Crohn's patient had increased lighter sleep. A study utilizing surveys assessing circadian rhythms described circadian misalignment in IBD patients and reported that circadian misalignment in Crohn's disease was associated with a more aggressive disease phenotype. The use of biologics may improve sleep disturbances in patients with IBD. Translational and clinical studies have reported that disturbances in sleep quality are linked to intestinal inflammation and a heighted systemic immune response. IBD patients appear to have disturbed sleep. Poor sleep is also suggested as a marker for subclinical disease activity. Recent studies have suggested circadian misalignment in IBD patients, and future studies are needed to assess these clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Canakis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St, Evans 124, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Taha Qazi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Digestive Diseases Institute, Cleveland Clinic, A30, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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44
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Intlekofer KA, Clements K, Woods H, Adams H, Suvorov A, Petersen SL. Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha induction of gene expression in neural cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215389. [PMID: 31026287 PMCID: PMC6485904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone membrane receptor component 1 (Pgrmc1) is a cytochrome b5-related protein with wide-ranging functions studied most extensively in non-neural tissues. We previously demonstrated that Pgrmc1 is widely distributed in the brain with highest expression in the limbic system. To determine Pgrmc1 functions in cells of these regions, we compared transcriptomes of control siRNA-treated and Pgrmc1 siRNA-treated N42 hypothalamic cells using whole genome microarrays. Our bioinformatics analyses suggested that Pgrmc1 plays a role in immune functions and likely regulates proinflammatory cytokine signaling. In follow-up studies, we showed that one of these cytokines, TNFα, increased expression of rtp4, ifit3 and gbp4, genes found on microarrays to be among the most highly upregulated by Pgrmc1 depletion. Moreover, either Pgrmc1 depletion or treatment with the Pgrmc1 antagonist, AG-205, increased both basal and TNFα-induced expression of these genes in N42 cells. TNFα had no effect on levels of Rtp4, Ifit3 or Gbp4 mRNAs in mHippoE-18 hippocampal control cells, but Pgrmc1 knock-down dramatically increased basal and TNFα-stimulated expression of these genes. P4 had no effect on gbp4, ifit3 or rtp4 expression or on the ability of Pgrmc1 to inhibit TNFα induction of these genes. However, a majority of the top upstream regulators of Pgrmc1 target genes were related to synthesis or activity of steroids, including P4, that exert neuroprotective effects. In addition, one of the identified Pgrmc1 targets was Nr4a1, an orphan receptor important for the synthesis of most steroidogenic molecules. Our findings indicate that Pgrmc1 may exert neuroprotective effects by suppressing TNFα-induced neuroinflammation and by regulating neurosteroid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlie A. Intlekofer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kelsey Clements
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Haley Woods
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hillary Adams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alexander Suvorov
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sandra L. Petersen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
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45
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Basic Concept of Microglia Biology and Neuroinflammation in Relation to Psychiatry. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2019; 44:9-34. [PMID: 30739307 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2018_83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis that the neuroimmune system plays a role in the pathogenesis of different psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disease, has attained increasing interest over the past years. Previously thought to have the sole purpose of protecting the central nervous system (CNS) from harmful stimuli, it is now known that the central immune system is critically involved in regulating physiological processes including neurodevelopment, synaptic plasticity, and circuit maintenance. Hence, alterations in microglia - the main immune cell of the CNS - and/or inflammatory factors do not unequivocally connote ongoing neuroinflammation or neuroinflammatory processes per se but rather might signify changes in brain homoeostasis. Despite this, psychiatric research tends to equate functional changes in microglia or alterations in other immune mediators with neuroinflammation. It is the main impetus of this chapter to overcome some of the current misconceptions and possible oversimplifications with respect to neuroinflammation and microglia activity in psychiatry. In order to do so, we will first provide an overview of the basic concepts of neuroinflammation and neuroinflammatory processes. We will then focus on microglia with respect to their ontogeny and immunological and non-immunological functions presenting novel insights on how microglia communicate with other cell types of the central nervous system to ensure proper brain functioning. And lastly, we will delineate the non-immunological functions of inflammatory cytokines in order to address the possible misconception of equating alterations in central cytokine levels with ongoing central inflammation. We hereby hope to help unravel the functional relevance of neuroimmune dysfunctions in psychiatric illnesses and provide future research directions in the field of psychoneuroimmunology.
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46
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Gao Q, Kou T, Zhuang B, Ren Y, Dong X, Wang Q. The Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Sleep Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1395. [PMID: 30275418 PMCID: PMC6213953 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiology studies have investigated the association between vitamin D and the risk of sleep disorders, but the results remain controversial. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis with the goal of clarifying the association between vitamin D and sleep disorders risk. All relevant studies were searched using PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science from inception to January 2018. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) were calculated using a fixed-effect model A total of nine studies (6 cross-sectional, 2 case-control, and 1 cohort studies) involving 9397 participants were included. By comparing the lowest verse highest levels of serum vitamin D, we found that participants with vitamin D deficiency (VDD) had a significantly increased risk of sleep disorders (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.31, 1.72). Subgroup analysis showed that VDD also was associated with poor sleep quality (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.23, 2.05), short sleep duration (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.30, 2.32), and sleepiness (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.65). Subgroup analyses further indicated that serum 25(OH)D <20 ng/mL could significantly increase the risk of unhealthy sleep. This meta-analysis suggest that vitamin D deficiency is associated with a higher risk of sleep disorders. More high-quality cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to verify this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gao
- Department of the College of Public Health, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Tingyan Kou
- Department of the College of Public Health, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Bin Zhuang
- Department of the medical college of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Yangyang Ren
- Department of the College of Public Health, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of the College of Public Health, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Qiuzhen Wang
- Department of the College of Public Health, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, China.
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47
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Tumiran MA, Rahman NNA, Saat RM, Kabir N, Zulkifli MY, Adli DSH. The Concept of Qailulah (Midday Napping) from Neuroscientific and Islamic Perspectives. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2018; 57:1363-1375. [PMID: 26266758 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-015-0093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Napping/siesta during the day is a phenomenon, which is widely practised in the world. However, the timing, frequency, and duration may vary. The basis of napping is also diverse, but it is mainly done for improvement in alertness and general well-being. Neuroscience reveals that midday napping improves memory, enhances alertness, boosts wakefulness and performance, and recovers certain qualities of lost night sleep. Interestingly, Islam, the religion of the Muslims, advocates midday napping primarily because it was a practice preferred by Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). The objectives of this review were to investigate and compare identical key points on focused topic from both neuroscientific and Islamic perspectives and make recommendations for future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Amzari Tumiran
- Department of Al-Quran and Al-Hadith, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Naemah Abdul Rahman
- Department of Fiqh and Usul, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohaida Mohd Saat
- Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Kabir
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yakub Zulkifli
- Department of Al-Quran and Al-Hadith, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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48
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Eban-Rothschild A, Appelbaum L, de Lecea L. Neuronal Mechanisms for Sleep/Wake Regulation and Modulatory Drive. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:937-952. [PMID: 29206811 PMCID: PMC5854814 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Humans have been fascinated by sleep for millennia. After almost a century of scientific interrogation, significant progress has been made in understanding the neuronal regulation and functions of sleep. The application of new methods in neuroscience that enable the analysis of genetically defined neuronal circuits with unprecedented specificity and precision has been paramount in this endeavor. In this review, we first discuss electrophysiological and behavioral features of sleep/wake states and the principal neuronal populations involved in their regulation. Next, we describe the main modulatory drives of sleep and wakefulness, including homeostatic, circadian, and motivational processes. Finally, we describe a revised integrative model for sleep/wake regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lior Appelbaum
- The Faculty of Life Sciences and the Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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49
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Perinatal Immune Activation Produces Persistent Sleep Alterations and Epileptiform Activity in Male Mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:482-491. [PMID: 28984294 PMCID: PMC5770773 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a role for inflammation in neuropsychiatric conditions, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous work in rodents has established that immune activation during critical developmental periods can cause phenotypes that reproduce core features of ASD, including decreased social interaction, aberrant communication, and increased repetitive behavior. In humans, ASD is frequently associated with comorbid medical conditions including sleep disorders, motor hyperactivity, and seizures. Here we use a 'two-hit' immune-activation paradigm to determine whether perinatal immune activation can also produce these comorbid features in mice. In this paradigm, we treated timed-pregnant mice with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C), which simulates a viral infection, on gestational day 12.5 according to an established maternal immune activation regimen. A subset of the offspring also received a second 'hit' of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which simulates a bacterial infection, on postnatal day 9. At 6 weeks of age, mice were implanted with wireless telemetry transmitters that enabled continuous measurements of electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), locomotor activity, and subcutaneous temperature. Effects at 7 and 12 weeks of age were compared. Both prenatal Poly I:C and postnatal LPS produced changes in locomotor activity and temperature patterns, increases in slow-wave sleep, and shifts in EEG spectral power, several of which persisted at 12 weeks of age. Postnatal LPS also produced persistent increases in spontaneous bursts of epileptiform activity (spike-wave discharges) that occurred predominantly during sleep. Our findings demonstrate that early-life immune activation can lead to long-lasting physiologic perturbations that resemble medical comorbidities often seen in ASD and other neuropsychiatric conditions.
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50
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Carnovale C, Damavandi PT, Gentili M, Pozzi M, Antoniazzi S, Radice S, Clementi E. On the association between human papillomavirus vaccine and sleep disorders: Evaluation based on vaccine adverse events reporting systems. J Neurol Sci 2017; 380:275-276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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