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Melnikov N, Kamari Y, Kandel-Kfir M, Barshack I, Ben-Amotz A, Harats D, Shaish A, Harari A. β-Carotene from the Alga Dunaliella bardawil Decreases Gene Expression of Adipose Tissue Macrophage Recruitment Markers and Plasma Lipid Concentrations in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070433. [PMID: 35877726 PMCID: PMC9316718 DOI: 10.3390/md20070433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A and provitamin A carotenoids are involved in the regulation of adipose tissue metabolism and inflammation. We examined the effect of dietary supplementation using all-trans and 9-cis β-carotene-rich Dunaliella bardawil alga as the sole source of vitamin A on obesity-associated comorbidities and adipose tissue dysfunction in a diet-induced obesity mouse model. Three-week-old male mice (C57BL/6) were randomly allocated into two groups and fed a high-fat, vitamin A-deficient diet supplemented with either vitamin A (HFD) or β-carotene (BC) (HFD-BC). Vitamin A levels in the liver, WATs, and BAT of the HFD-BC group were 1.5–2.4-fold higher than of the HFD group. BC concentrations were 5–6-fold greater in BAT compared to WAT in the HFD-BC group. The eWAT mRNA levels of the Mcp-1 and Cd68 were 1.6- and 2.1-fold lower, respectively, and the plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were 30% and 28% lower in the HFD-BC group compared with the HFD group. Dietary BC can be the exclusive vitamin A source in mice fed a high-fat diet, as shown by the vitamin A concentration in the plasma and tissues. Feeding BC rather than vitamin A reduces adipose tissue macrophage recruitment markers and plasma lipid concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Melnikov
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (N.M.); (Y.K.); (M.K.-K.); (I.B.); (D.H.); (A.S.)
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Yehuda Kamari
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (N.M.); (Y.K.); (M.K.-K.); (I.B.); (D.H.); (A.S.)
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Michal Kandel-Kfir
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (N.M.); (Y.K.); (M.K.-K.); (I.B.); (D.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Iris Barshack
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (N.M.); (Y.K.); (M.K.-K.); (I.B.); (D.H.); (A.S.)
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ami Ben-Amotz
- N.B.T., Nature Beta Technologies Ltd., Eilat 8851100, Israel;
| | - Dror Harats
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (N.M.); (Y.K.); (M.K.-K.); (I.B.); (D.H.); (A.S.)
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Aviv Shaish
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (N.M.); (Y.K.); (M.K.-K.); (I.B.); (D.H.); (A.S.)
- The Department of Life Sciences, Achva Academic College, Arugot 7980400, Israel
| | - Ayelet Harari
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (N.M.); (Y.K.); (M.K.-K.); (I.B.); (D.H.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-5302006
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Stojnić B, Serrano A, Sušak L, Palou A, Bonet ML, Ribot J. Protective Effects of Individual and Combined Low Dose Beta-Carotene and Metformin Treatments against High-Fat Diet-Induced Responses in Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:3607. [PMID: 34684608 PMCID: PMC8538788 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-obesity activity has been reported for beta-carotene (BC) supplementation at high doses and metformin (MET). We studied whether BC treatment at a closer to dietary dose and MET treatment at a lower than therapeutic dose are effective in ameliorating unwanted effects of an obesogenic diet and whether their combination is advantageous. Obesity-prone mice were challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD, 45% energy as fat) for 4 weeks while receiving a placebo or being treated orally with BC (3 mg/kg/day), MET (100 mg/kg/day), or their combination (BC+MET); a fifth group received a placebo and was kept on a normal-fat diet (10% energy as fat). HFD-induced increases in body weight gain and inguinal white adipose tissue (WAT) adipocyte size were attenuated maximally or selectively in the BC+MET group, in which a redistribution towards smaller adipocytes was noted. Cumulative energy intake was unaffected, yet results suggested increased systemic energy expenditure and brown adipose tissue activation in the treated groups. Unwanted effects of HFD on glucose control and insulin sensitivity were attenuated in the treated groups, especially BC and BC+MET, in which hepatic lipid content was also decreased. Transcriptional analyses suggested effects on skeletal muscle and WAT metabolism could contribute to better responses to the HFD, especially in the MET and BC+MET groups. The results support the benefits of the BC+MET cotreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Stojnić
- Grupo de Nutrigenómica, Biomarcadores y Evaluación de Riesgos, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain; (B.S.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.P.); (J.R.)
| | - Alba Serrano
- Grupo de Nutrigenómica, Biomarcadores y Evaluación de Riesgos, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain; (B.S.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.P.); (J.R.)
| | - Lana Sušak
- Grupo de Nutrigenómica, Biomarcadores y Evaluación de Riesgos, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain; (B.S.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.P.); (J.R.)
| | - Andreu Palou
- Grupo de Nutrigenómica, Biomarcadores y Evaluación de Riesgos, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain; (B.S.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.P.); (J.R.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - M. Luisa Bonet
- Grupo de Nutrigenómica, Biomarcadores y Evaluación de Riesgos, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain; (B.S.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.P.); (J.R.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Joan Ribot
- Grupo de Nutrigenómica, Biomarcadores y Evaluación de Riesgos, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain; (B.S.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (A.P.); (J.R.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 07122 Palma, Spain
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Reynés B, van Schothorst EM, Keijer J, Palou A, Oliver P. Effects of cold exposure revealed by global transcriptomic analysis in ferret peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19985. [PMID: 31882687 PMCID: PMC6934835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56354-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal studies, mostly performed in rodents, show the beneficial anti-obesity effects of cold studies. This is due to thermogenic activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT), a tissue also recently discovered in adult humans. Studies in humans, however, are hampered by the accessibility of most tissues. In contrast, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are accessible and share the expression profile of different sets of genes with other tissues, including those that reflect metabolic responses. Ferrets are an animal model physiologically closer to humans than rodents. Here, we investigated the effects on ferrets of one-week acclimation to 4 °C by analysing the PBMC transcriptome. Cold exposure deeply affected PBMC gene expression, producing a widespread down-regulation of genes involved in different biological pathways (cell cycle, gene expression regulation/protein synthesis, immune response, signal transduction, and genes related to extracellular matrix/cytoskeleton), while thermogenic and glycogenolysis-related processes were increased. Results obtained in PBMC reflected those of adipose tissue, but hardly those of the liver. Our study, using ferret as a model, reinforce PBMC usefulness as sentinel biological material for cold-exposure studies in order to deepen our understanding of the general and specific pathways affected by cold acclimation. This is relevant for future development of therapies to be used clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bàrbara Reynés
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity group), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity group), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Paula Oliver
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity group), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
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Reynés B, van Schothorst E, García-Ruiz E, Keijer J, Oliver P, Palou A. Cold exposure down-regulates immune response pathways in ferret aortic perivascular adipose tissue. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:981-991. [DOI: 10.1160/th16-12-0931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryPerivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounds blood vessels and releases paracrine factors, such as cytokines, which regulate local inflammation. The inflammatory state of PVAT has an important role in vascular disease; a pro-inflammatory state has been related with atherosclerosis development, whereas an anti-inflammatory one is protective. Cold exposure beneficially affects immune responses and, could thus impact the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of one-week of cold exposure at 4°C of ferrets on aortic PVAT (aPVAT) versus subcutaneous adipose tissue. Ferrets were used because of the similarity of their adipose tissues to those of humans. A ferret-specific Agilent microarray was designed to cover the complete ferret genome and global gene expression analysis was performed. The data showed that cold exposure altered gene expression mainly in aPVAT. Most of the regulated genes were associated with cell cycle, immune response and gene expression regulation, and were mainly down-regulated. Regarding the effects on immune response, cold acclimation decreased the expression of genes involved in antigen recognition and presentation, cytokine signalling and immune system maturation and activation. This immunosuppressive gene expression pattern was depot-specific, as it was not observed in the inguinal subcutaneous depot. Interestingly, this depression in immune response related genes was also evident in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In conclusion, these results reveal that cold acclimation produces an inhibition of immune response-related pathways in aPVAT, reflected in PBMC, indicative of an anti-inflammatory response, which can potentially be exploited for the enhancement or maintenance of cardiovascular health.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
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Reynés B, Klein Hazebroek M, García-Ruiz E, Keijer J, Oliver P, Palou A. Specific Features of the Hypothalamic Leptin Signaling Response to Cold Exposure Are Reflected in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Rats and Ferrets. Front Physiol 2017; 8:581. [PMID: 28860997 PMCID: PMC5559547 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Cold exposure induces hyperphagia to counteract fat loss related to lipid mobilization and thermogenic activation. The aim of this study was investigate on the molecular mechanisms involved in cold-induced compensatory hyperphagia. Methods: We analyzed the effect of cold exposure on gene expression of orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides, and of leptin signaling-related genes in the hypothalamus of rats at different ages (1, 2, 4, and 6 months), as well as in ferrets. We also evaluated the potential of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to reflect hypothalamic molecular responses. Results: As expected, cold exposure induced hypoleptinemia in rats, which could be responsible for the increased ratio of orexigenic/anorexigenic peptides gene expression in the hypothalamus, mainly due to decreased anorexigenic gene expression, especially in young animals. In ferrets, which resemble humans more closely, cold exposure induced greater changes in hypothalamic mRNA levels of orexigenic genes. Despite the key role of leptin in food intake control, the effect of cold exposure on the expression of key hypothalamic leptin signaling cascade genes is not clear. In our study, cold exposure seemed to affect leptin signaling in 4-month-old rats (increased Socs3 and Lepr expression), likely associated with the smaller-increase in food intake and decreased body weight observed at this particular age. Similarly, cold exposed ferrets showed greater hypothalamic Socs3 and Stat3 gene expression. Interestingly, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) mimicked the hypothalamic increase in Lepr and Socs3 observed in 4-month-old rats, and the increased Socs3 mRNA expression observed in ferrets in response to cold exposure. Conclusions: The most outstanding result of our study is that PBMC reflected the specific modulation of leptin signaling observed in both animal models, rats and ferrets, which points forwards PBMC as easily obtainable biological material to be considered as a potential surrogate tissue to perform further studies on the regulation of hypothalamic leptin signaling in response to cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bàrbara Reynés
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes BalearsPalma, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn)Palma, Spain.,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa)Palma, Spain
| | - Marlou Klein Hazebroek
- Human and Animal Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research CentreWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Estefanía García-Ruiz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes BalearsPalma, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn)Palma, Spain
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research CentreWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Paula Oliver
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes BalearsPalma, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn)Palma, Spain.,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa)Palma, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes BalearsPalma, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn)Palma, Spain.,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa)Palma, Spain
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Zhao Y, Hou Y, Liu F, Liu A, Jing L, Zhao C, Luan Y, Miao Y, Zhao S, Li X. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals that Vitamin A Metabolism in the Liver Affects Feed Efficiency in Pigs. G3 (Bethesda) 2016; 6:3615-24. [PMID: 27633790 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.032839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Feed efficiency (FE) is essential for pig production. In this study, 300 significantly differentially expressed (DE) transcripts, including 232 annotated genes, 28 cis-natural antisense transcripts (cis-NATs), and 40 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), were identified between the liver of Yorkshire pigs with extremely high and low FE. Among these transcripts, 25 DE lncRNAs were significantly correlated with 125 DE annotated genes at a transcriptional level. These DE genes were enriched primarily in vitamin A (VA), fatty acid, and steroid hormone metabolism. VA metabolism is regulated by energy status, and active derivatives of VA metabolism can regulate fatty acid and steroid hormones metabolism. The key genes of VA metabolism (CYP1A1, ALDH1A2, and RDH16), fatty acid biosynthesis (FASN, SCD, CYP2J2, and ANKRD23), and steroid hormone metabolism (CYP1A1, HSD17B2, and UGT2B4) were significantly upregulated in the liver of high-FE pigs. Previous study with the same samples indicated that the mitochondrial function and energy expenditure were reduced in the muscle tissue of high-FE pigs. In conclusion, VA metabolism in liver tissues plays important roles in the regulation of FE in pigs by affecting energy metabolism, which may mediate fatty acid biosynthesis and steroid hormone metabolism. Furthermore, our results identified novel transcripts, such as cis-NATs and lncRNAs, which are also involved in the regulation of FE in pigs.
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Abstract
New therapeutic and preventative strategies are needed to address the growing obesity epidemic. In animal models, brown adipose tissue activation and the associated heat produced contribute to countering obesity and the accompanying metabolic abnormalities. Adult humans also have functional brown fat. Here, we present and discuss the concepts of murine and human white adipose tissue plasticity and the transdifferentiation of white adipocytes into brown adipocytes. Human visceral adipocytes - which are crucial contributors to the burden of obesity and its complications - are particularly susceptible to such transdifferentiation. Therefore, we propose that this process should be a focus of anti-obesity research. Approved drugs that have browning properties as well as future drugs that target molecular pathways involved in white-to-brown visceral adipocyte transdifferentiation may provide new avenues for obesity therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona (Università Politecnica delle Marche), Via Tronto, 10/A 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Frontini
- Department of Public Health Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona (Università Politecnica delle Marche), Via Tronto, 10/A 60020 Ancona, Italy.,Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Università Politecnica delle Marche)-United Hospitals, 60020 Ancona, Italy
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8
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Abstract
Cell, animal and human studies dealing with carotenoids and carotenoid derivatives as nutritional regulators of adipose tissue biology with implications for the etiology and management of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases are reviewed. Most studied carotenoids in this context are β-carotene, cryptoxanthin, astaxanthin and fucoxanthin, together with β-carotene-derived retinoids and some other apocarotenoids. Studies indicate an impact of these compounds on essential aspects of adipose tissue biology including the control of adipocyte differentiation (adipogenesis), adipocyte metabolism, oxidative stress and the production of adipose tissue-derived regulatory signals and inflammatory mediators. Specific carotenoids and carotenoid derivatives restrain adipogenesis and adipocyte hypertrophy while enhancing fat oxidation and energy dissipation in brown and white adipocytes, and counteract obesity in animal models. Intake, blood levels and adipocyte content of carotenoids are reduced in human obesity. Specifically designed human intervention studies in the field, though still sparse, indicate a beneficial effect of carotenoid supplementation in the accrual of abdominal adiposity. In summary, studies support a role of specific carotenoids and carotenoid derivatives in the prevention of excess adiposity, and suggest that carotenoid requirements may be dependent on body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luisa Bonet
- Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa Km 7.5. 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Jose A Canas
- Metabolism and Diabetes, Nemours Children's Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32207, USA
| | - Joan Ribot
- Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa Km 7.5. 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa Km 7.5. 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Luisa Bonet M, Canas JA, Ribot J, Palou A. Carotenoids and their conversion products in the control of adipocyte function, adiposity and obesity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 572:112-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Mušinović H, Bonet ML, Granados N, Amengual J, von Lintig J, Ribot J, Palou A. β-Carotene during the suckling period is absorbed intact and induces retinoic acid dependent responses similar to preformed vitamin A in intestine and liver, but not adipose tissue of young rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:2157-65. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Mušinović
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Nutrition and Biotechnology; Nutrigenomics-group; Universitat de les Illes Balears, and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Palma de Mallorca Spain
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland OH USA
| | - M. Luisa Bonet
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Nutrition and Biotechnology; Nutrigenomics-group; Universitat de les Illes Balears, and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Nuria Granados
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Nutrition and Biotechnology; Nutrigenomics-group; Universitat de les Illes Balears, and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Jaume Amengual
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland OH USA
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology; New York University School of Medicine; New York NY USA
| | - Johannes von Lintig
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland OH USA
| | - Joan Ribot
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Nutrition and Biotechnology; Nutrigenomics-group; Universitat de les Illes Balears, and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Nutrition and Biotechnology; Nutrigenomics-group; Universitat de les Illes Balears, and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Palma de Mallorca Spain
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Abstract
Lipophilic micronutrients (LM) constitute a large family of molecules including several vitamins (A, D, E, K) and carotenoids. Their ability to regulate gene expression is becoming increasingly clear and constitutes an important part of nutrigenomics. Interestingly, adipose tissue is not only a main storage site for these molecules within the body, but it is also subjected to the regulatory effects of LM. Indeed, several gene regulations have been described in adipose tissue that could strongly impact its biology with respect to the modulation of adipogenesis, inflammatory status, or energy homeostasis and metabolism, among others. The repercussions in terms of health effects of such regulations in the context of obesity and associated pathologies represent an exciting and emerging field of research. The present review will focus on the regulatory effects of vitamin A, D, E and K as well as carotenoids on adipose tissue biology and physiology, notably in the context of obesity and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Landrier
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1260, F-13385, Marseille, France; (J.M.); (F.T.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, UMR 1062, F-13385, Marseille, France
- School of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, F-13385, Marseille, France
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +33-491-294-117; Fax: +33-491-078-2101
| | - Julie Marcotorchino
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1260, F-13385, Marseille, France; (J.M.); (F.T.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, UMR 1062, F-13385, Marseille, France
- School of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, F-13385, Marseille, France
| | - Franck Tourniaire
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1260, F-13385, Marseille, France; (J.M.); (F.T.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, UMR 1062, F-13385, Marseille, France
- School of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, F-13385, Marseille, France
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Tainaka T, Shimada Y, Kuroyanagi J, Zang L, Oka T, Nishimura Y, Nishimura N, Tanaka T. Transcriptome analysis of anti-fatty liver action by Campari tomato using a zebrafish diet-induced obesity model. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2011; 8:88. [PMID: 22152339 PMCID: PMC3275548 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-8-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High dietary intake of vegetable products is beneficial against obesity and its related diseases such as dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer. We previously developed a diet-induced obesity model of zebrafish (DIO-zebrafish) that develops visceral adiposity, dyslipidemia, and liver steatosis. Zebrafish is a polyphagous animal; thus we hypothesized that DIO-zebrafish could be used for transcriptome analysis of anti-obesity effects of vegetables. RESULTS Each vegetable exhibited different effects against obesity. We focused on "Campari" tomato, which suppressed increase of body weight, plasma TG, and lipid droplets in livers of DIO-zebrafish. Campari tomato decreased srebf1 mRNA by increase of foxo1 gene expression, which may depend on high contents of β-carotene in this strain. CONCLUSIONS Campari tomato ameliorates diet-induced obesity, especially dyslipidemia and liver steatosis via downregulation of gene expression related to lipogenesis. DIO-zebrafish can discriminate the anti-obesity effects of different strains of vegetables, and will become a powerful tool to assess outcomes and find novel mechanisms of anti-obesity effects of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Tainaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan.,Delica Foods Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan.,Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Mie, Japan.,Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Mie, Japan.,Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation Institute, Mie, Japan
| | - Junya Kuroyanagi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Liqing Zang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan.,Department of Translational Medical Science, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Takehiko Oka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan.,Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Mie, Japan.,Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Mie, Japan.,Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation Institute, Mie, Japan
| | - Norihiro Nishimura
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan.,Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Mie, Japan.,Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Mie, Japan.,Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation Institute, Mie, Japan
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Bonet ML, Ribot J, Palou A. Lipid metabolism in mammalian tissues and its control by retinoic acid. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1821:177-89. [PMID: 21669299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidence has accumulated that specific retinoids impact on developmental and biochemical processes influencing mammalian adiposity including adipogenesis, lipogenesis, adaptive thermogenesis, lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in tissues. Treatment with retinoic acid, in particular, has been shown to reduce body fat and improve insulin sensitivity in lean and obese rodents by enhancing fat mobilization and energy utilization systemically, in tissues including brown and white adipose tissues, skeletal muscle and the liver. Nevertheless, controversial data have been reported, particularly regarding retinoids' effects on hepatic lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and blood lipid profile. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms underlying retinoid effects on lipid metabolism are complex and remain incompletely understood. Here, we present a brief overview of mammalian lipid metabolism and its control, introduce mechanisms through which retinoids can impact on lipid metabolism, and review reported activities of retinoids on different aspects of lipid metabolism in key tissues, focusing on retinoic acid. Possible implications of this knowledge in the context of the management of obesity and the metabolic syndrome are also addressed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Retinoid and Lipid Metabolism.
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14
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Sánchez J, Fuster A, Oliver P, Palou A, Picó C. Effects of β-carotene supplementation on adipose tissue thermogenic capacity in ferrets ( Mustela putorius furo). Br J Nutr 2009; 102:1686. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114509991024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Arana A, Mendizabal JA, Alzón M, Soret B, Purroy A. The effect of vitamin A supplementation on postnatal adipose tissue development of lambs. J Anim Sci 2008; 86:3393-400. [PMID: 18676724 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-0889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A (retinoic acid) is known to be an adipogenic factor influencing both in vitro and in vivo cell development. This study aimed to determine its effect on lamb adipose tissue development during the early phase of postnatal development until 100 d of age. Male lambs (n = 24) of the Rasa Aragonesa breed were used. At birth, lambs were assigned to 1 of 2 experimental groups: 1) the control (C) group, which received feed without vitamin A supplementation, and 2) the vitamin A (V) group, which received a supplement of 500,000 IU/animal twice per week from birth to slaughter. The effect of vitamin A supplementation was studied at 16.8 +/- 0.35 kg of BW (58 +/- 0.7 d of age) and at 27.8 +/- 0.78 kg of BW (101 +/- 6.5 d of age). The variables of lamb growth, carcass, LM area, and lipid content were analyzed. To study adipose tissue development, the amount of adipose tissue accumulated, the size and number of adipocytes, and lipogenic enzyme activities (glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, fatty acid synthase, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase) of the omental, perirenal, and s.c. depots were quantified. Results showed that vitamin A supplementation had no influence on growth, carcass variables, LM area, and lipid content during lamb growth but that the number of adipocytes in the perirenal depot was 30% greater in lambs of the V group (P < 0.05) and that these lambs had smaller adipocytes in the omental and perirenal depots (P = 0.06) at 28 kg of BW (101 d of age). These results suggest that the intake of this level of vitamin A during the whole period of growth of the lambs influenced the processes of hyperplasia and hypertrophy in the different adipose depots, depending on their degree of maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arana
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Pública Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
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Frontini A, Rousset S, Cassard-Doulcier AM, Zingaretti C, Ricquier D, Cinti S. Thymus Uncoupling Protein 1 Is Exclusive to Typical Brown Adipocytes and Is Not Found in Thymocytes. J Histochem Cytochem 2006; 55:183-9. [PMID: 17101729 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.6a7013.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of studies have established the mitochondrial uncoupling protein UCP1 as a specific marker of brown adipocytes, where it controls energy dissipation of fatty acid oxidation as heat in response to physiological requirements. Following the recent report of the detection of UCP1 in thymocytes of rats and mice, we reinvestigated its presence in thymus. Light microscopy and immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the UCP1 signal in thymus is entirely explained by the presence of typical brown adipocytes around the gland. Staining for UCP1 was not observed in thymocytes. Similarly, UCP1 failed to be observed in rat spleen, skeletal muscle, stomach, intestine, or uterus, even after exposure of animals to the cold. These data confirm the specificity of UCP1 expression in the thermogenic brown adipocytes and argue against a direct role for this mitochondrial transporter in immune cells. Whether brown adipocytes adjacent to thymic lobes play a role in thymus physiology remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Frontini
- Institute of Normal Human Morphology, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto, 10/A, 60020 Ancona, Italy
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