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Shin S, Awuah Boadi E, Shah S, Ezell M, Li P, Bandyopadhyay BC. Anti-inflammatory role of extracellular l-arginine through calcium sensing receptor in human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109853. [PMID: 36827919 PMCID: PMC10124988 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Renal tubular epithelial cells are capable of synthesizing interleukins (IL) in response to a variety of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, elevated urinary levels of IL have been shown in patients with various forms of nephritic diseases. However, the underlying intracellular signaling mechanism is unclear. Here we show the immunological signaling role of l-Arginine (l-Arg) through Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) in human kidney 2 (HK-2) renal proximal tubular epithelial cells, using Ca2+ imaging and patch clamp techniques and its mechanistic link to the downstream cellular function. Both pharmacological and siRNA inhibitors support the activation CaSR by extracellular l-Arg to induced Ca2+ entry via a Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channel in HK-2 cells mainly through the receptor operated Ca2+ entry (ROCE). Activation of CaSR by l-Arg led to the rise in p-p38/p38 expression suggesting [Ca2+]i as a regulator for p38-signaling pathways. Notably, l-Arg activated CaSR-induced Ca2+ signaling reduced the expressions of key fibrotic, inflammatory, and apoptotic genes, suggesting its nephroprotective role via Ca2+ signaling through CaSR in HK-2 cells. Since we found that the IL-6 expressions were inversely proportional to the increasing concentrations of l-Arg in HK-2 cells, we measured the release of IL-6, which steadily decreased as the concentrations of l-Arg were elevated. Taken together, extracellular l-Arg is a negative regulator for IL-6-induced inflammatory process, through the activation of CaSR and TRPC channel by ROCE pathway and can have a potential to alleviate inflammatory renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Shin
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Eugenia Awuah Boadi
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Saloni Shah
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Madison Ezell
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Peijun Li
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Bidhan C Bandyopadhyay
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA; Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, DC 20064, USA.
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Miao J, Li F, Zhang M, Zhou C, Ren W, Hu X, Li N, Lei L. Carnosine Synthase 1 Contributes to Interferon Gamma-Induced Arginine Depletion via Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase 11 Signaling in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:501-512. [PMID: 35900262 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2022.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine is one of the host semiessential amino acids with diverse biological activities, and arginine depletion is associated with the incidence of many diseases. Arginine depletion induced by diet-derived interferon gamma (IFN-γ) leads to malignant transformation and impaired milk quality in healthy lactating bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). However, the molecular mechanism of IFN-γ-induced arginine depletion is unclear. In this study, the BMEC cell line, mammary alveolar cells-large T antigen cells (MAC-T), was stimulated with IFN-γ (10 ng/mL) for 24 h, and cellular arginine and ornithine quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Carnosine synthase 1 (CARNS1) was identified from RNA-seq data, CARNS1 knockdown was achieved using an shRNA interfering plasmid. The expression levels of CARNS1, argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1), mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 (p38 MAPK), and phosphorylated (p)-p38, and their cognate genes, were analyzed by Western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that IFN-γ inhibited the biosynthesis of arginine, but enhanced its catalysis via disruption of key enzymes involved in arginine metabolism. IFN-γ also inhibited the expression of CARNS1, ASS1, and cationic amino acid transporter 1, while activating the expression and phosphorylation of p38. However, knockdown of CARNS1 reduced arginine level and ASS1 expression and block of either the IFN-γ receptor IFN-γ receptor 2 or p38 relieved both the expression of Carnosine synthase 1 (CARNS1) and ASS1. In summary, these results indicate that IFN-γ induced arginine depletion through inhibition of CARNS1 signaling via activation of p38 in BMECs. These findings provide a novel insight for IFN-γ-related disease control strategies in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Miao
- Department of Preventative Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Fengyang Li
- Department of Preventative Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Meina Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Changhai Zhou
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Ren
- Department of First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Xiuhong Hu
- Department of First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Preventative Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Liancheng Lei
- Department of Preventative Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
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Fleming TP, Sun C, Denisenko O, Caetano L, Aljahdali A, Gould JM, Khurana P. Environmental Exposures around Conception: Developmental Pathways Leading to Lifetime Disease Risk. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:9380. [PMID: 34501969 PMCID: PMC8431664 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Environment around conception can influence the developmental programme with lasting effects on gestational and postnatal phenotype and with consequences for adult health and disease risk. Peri-conception exposure comprises a crucial part of the 'Developmental Origins of Health and Disease' (DOHaD) concept. In this review, we consider the effects of maternal undernutrition experienced during the peri-conception period in select human models and in a mouse experimental model of protein restriction. Human datasets indicate that macronutrient deprivation around conception affect the epigenome, with enduring effects on cardiometabolic and neurological health. The mouse model, comprising maternal low protein diet exclusively during the peri-conception period, has revealed a stepwise progression in altered developmental programming following induction through maternal metabolite deficiency. This progression includes differential effects in extra-embryonic and embryonic cell lineages and tissues, leading to maladaptation in the growth trajectory and increased chronic disease comorbidities. The timeline embraces an array of mechanisms across nutrient sensing and signalling, cellular, metabolic, epigenetic and physiological processes with a coordinating role for mTORC1 signalling proposed. Early embryos appear active participants in environmental sensing to optimise the developmental programme for survival but with the trade-off of later disease. Similar adverse health outcomes may derive from other peri-conception environmental experiences, including maternal overnutrition, micronutrient availability, pollutant exposure and assisted reproductive treatments (ART) and support the need for preconception health before pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom P. Fleming
- Biological Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (L.C.); (A.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Congshan Sun
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
- Center for Genetic Muscle Disorders, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Oleg Denisenko
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Rm 242, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
| | - Laura Caetano
- Biological Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (L.C.); (A.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Anan Aljahdali
- Biological Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (L.C.); (A.A.); (P.K.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Alfaisaliah campus, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joanna M. Gould
- Clinical Neurosciences and Psychiatry, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK;
| | - Pooja Khurana
- Biological Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (L.C.); (A.A.); (P.K.)
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Research Corporation of the University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Pathria G, Ronai ZA. Harnessing the Co-vulnerabilities of Amino Acid-Restricted Cancers. Cell Metab 2021; 33:9-20. [PMID: 33406406 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sustained proliferative potential of cancer cells creates heightened energetic and biosynthetic demands. The resulting overt dependence of cancer cells on unperturbed nutrient supply has prompted a widespread interest in amino acid restriction strategies as potential cancer therapeutics. However, owing to rapid signaling and metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, the prospects for success of amino acid restriction approaches remain unclear. We thus recognize that the identification of co-vulnerabilities of amino acid-restricted cancers may inform actionable targets for effective combined interventions. In this perspective, we outline the current state of key cellular mechanisms underlying adaptation to amino acid restriction and discuss the role of signal transduction pathways governing cancer cell resistance to amino acid restriction, with potential ramifications for the design of future therapeutic efforts.
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Chou PC, Rajput S, Zhao X, Patel C, Albaciete D, Oh WJ, Daguplo HQ, Patel N, Su B, Werlen G, Jacinto E. mTORC2 Is Involved in the Induction of RSK Phosphorylation by Serum or Nutrient Starvation. Cells 2020; 9:E1567. [PMID: 32605013 PMCID: PMC7408474 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells adjust to nutrient fluctuations to restore metabolic homeostasis. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 2 responds to nutrient levels and growth signals to phosphorylate protein kinases belonging to the AGC (Protein Kinases A,G,C) family such as Akt and PKC. Phosphorylation of these AGC kinases at their conserved hydrophobic motif (HM) site by mTORC2 enhances their activation and mediates the functions of mTORC2 in cell growth and metabolism. Another AGC kinase family member that is known to undergo increased phosphorylation at the homologous HM site (Ser380) is the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK). Phosphorylation at Ser380 is facilitated by the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) in response to growth factor stimulation. Here, we demonstrate that optimal phosphorylation of RSK at this site requires an intact mTORC2. We also found that RSK is robustly phosphorylated at Ser380 upon nutrient withdrawal or inhibition of glycolysis, conditions that increase mTORC2 activation. However, pharmacological inhibition of mTOR did not abolish RSK phosphorylation at Ser380, indicating that mTOR catalytic activity is not required for this phosphorylation. Since RSK and SIN1β colocalize at the membrane during serum restimulation and acute glutamine withdrawal, mTORC2 could act as a scaffold to enhance RSK HM site phosphorylation. Among the known RSK substrates, the CCTβ subunit of the chaperonin containing TCP-1 (CCT) complex had defective phosphorylation in the absence of mTORC2. Our findings indicate that the mTORC2-mediated phosphorylation of the RSK HM site could confer RSK substrate specificity and reveal that RSK responds to nutrient fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chien Chou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (P.-C.C.); (S.R.); (C.P.); (D.A.); (W.J.O.); (H.Q.D.); (N.P.); (G.W.)
| | - Swati Rajput
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (P.-C.C.); (S.R.); (C.P.); (D.A.); (W.J.O.); (H.Q.D.); (N.P.); (G.W.)
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China; (X.Z.); (B.S.)
| | - Chadni Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (P.-C.C.); (S.R.); (C.P.); (D.A.); (W.J.O.); (H.Q.D.); (N.P.); (G.W.)
| | - Danielle Albaciete
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (P.-C.C.); (S.R.); (C.P.); (D.A.); (W.J.O.); (H.Q.D.); (N.P.); (G.W.)
| | - Won Jun Oh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (P.-C.C.); (S.R.); (C.P.); (D.A.); (W.J.O.); (H.Q.D.); (N.P.); (G.W.)
| | - Heineken Queen Daguplo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (P.-C.C.); (S.R.); (C.P.); (D.A.); (W.J.O.); (H.Q.D.); (N.P.); (G.W.)
| | - Nikhil Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (P.-C.C.); (S.R.); (C.P.); (D.A.); (W.J.O.); (H.Q.D.); (N.P.); (G.W.)
| | - Bing Su
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China; (X.Z.); (B.S.)
| | - Guy Werlen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (P.-C.C.); (S.R.); (C.P.); (D.A.); (W.J.O.); (H.Q.D.); (N.P.); (G.W.)
| | - Estela Jacinto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (P.-C.C.); (S.R.); (C.P.); (D.A.); (W.J.O.); (H.Q.D.); (N.P.); (G.W.)
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6
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Liarte S, Bernabé-García Á, Nicolás FJ. Human Skin Keratinocytes on Sustained TGF-β Stimulation Reveal Partial EMT Features and Weaken Growth Arrest Responses. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010255. [PMID: 31968599 PMCID: PMC7017124 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in wound closure can be related to the failure of keratinocytes to re-epithelize. Potential mechanisms driving this impairment comprise unbalanced cytokine signaling, including Transforming Growth Factor-β (TFG-β). Although the etiologies of chronic wound development are known, the relevant molecular events are poorly understood. This lack of insight is a consequence of ethical issues, which limit the available evidence to humans. In this work, we have used an in vitro model validated for the study of epidermal physiology and function, the HaCaT cells to provide a description of the impact of sustained exposure to TGF-β. Long term TGF-β1 treatment led to evident changes, HaCaT cells became spindle-shaped and increased in size. This phenotype change involved conformational re-arrangements for actin filaments and E-Cadherin cell-adhesion structures. Surprisingly, the signs of consolidated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition were absent. At the molecular level, modified gene expression and altered protein contents were found. Non-canonical TGF-β pathway elements did not show relevant changes. However, R-Smads experienced alterations best characterized by decreased Smad3 levels. Functionally, HaCaT cells exposed to TGF-β1 for long periods showed cell-cycle arrest. Yet, the strength of this restraint weakens the longer the treatment, as revealed when challenged by pro-mitogenic factors. The proposed setting might offer a useful framework for future research on the mechanisms driving wound chronification.
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Bora P, Thamodaran V, Šušor A, Bruce AW. p38-Mitogen Activated Kinases Mediate a Developmental Regulatory Response to Amino Acid Depletion and Associated Oxidative Stress in Mouse Blastocyst Embryos. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:276. [PMID: 31788473 PMCID: PMC6856562 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal starvation coincident with preimplantation development has profound consequences for placental-fetal development, with various identified pathologies persisting/manifest in adulthood; the ‘Developmental Origin of Health and Disease’ (DOHaD) hypothesis/model. Despite evidence describing DOHaD-related incidence, supporting mechanistic and molecular data relating to preimplantation embryos themselves are comparatively meager. We recently identified the classically recognized stress-related p38-mitogen activated kinases (p38-MAPK) as regulating formation of the extraembryonic primitive endoderm (PrE) lineage within mouse blastocyst inner cell mass (ICM). Thus, we wanted to assay if PrE differentiation is sensitive to amino acid availability, in a manner regulated by p38-MAPK. Although blastocysts appropriately mature, without developmental/morphological or cell fate defects, irrespective of amino acid supplementation status, we found the extent of p38-MAPK inhibition induced phenotypes was more severe in the absence of amino acid supplementation. Specifically, both PrE and epiblast (EPI) ICM progenitor populations remained unspecified and there were fewer cells and smaller blastocyst cavities. Such phenotypes could be ameliorated, to resemble those observed in groups supplemented with amino acids, by addition of the anti-oxidant NAC (N-acetyl-cysteine), although PrE differentiation deficits remained. Therefore, p38-MAPK performs a hitherto unrecognized homeostatic early developmental regulatory role (in addition to direct specification of PrE), by buffering blastocyst cell number and ICM cell lineage specification (relating to EPI) in response to amino acid availability, partly by counteracting induced oxidative stress; with clear implications for the DOHaD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Bora
- Laboratory of Early Mammalian Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Vasanth Thamodaran
- Laboratory of Early Mammalian Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Andrej Šušor
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Germ Cells, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics CAS, v. v. i., Liběchov, Czechia
| | - Alexander W Bruce
- Laboratory of Early Mammalian Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
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Hennig M, Ewering L, Pyschny S, Shimoyama S, Olecka M, Ewald D, Magarin M, Uebing A, Thierfelder L, Jux C, Drenckhahn JD. Dietary protein restriction throughout intrauterine and postnatal life results in potentially beneficial myocardial tissue remodeling in the adult mouse heart. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15126. [PMID: 31641210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet composition impacts metabolic and cardiovascular health with high caloric diets contributing to obesity related disorders. Dietary interventions such as caloric restriction exert beneficial effects in the cardiovascular system, but alteration of which specific nutrient is responsible is less clear. This study investigates the effects of a low protein diet (LPD) on morphology, tissue composition and function of the neonatal and adult mouse heart. Mice were subjected to LPD (8.8% protein) or standard protein diet (SPD, 22% protein) throughout intrauterine and postnatal life. At birth LPD female but not male offspring exhibit reduced body weight whereas heart weight was unchanged in both sexes. Cardiomyocyte cross sectional area was increased in newborn LPD females compared to SPD, whereas proliferation, cellular tissue composition and vascularization were unaffected. Adult female mice on LPD exhibit reduced body weight but normal heart weight compared to SPD controls. Echocardiography revealed normal left ventricular contractility in LPD animals. Histology showed reduced interstitial fibrosis, lower cardiomyocyte volume and elevated numbers of cardiomyocyte and non-myocyte nuclei per tissue area in adult LPD versus SPD myocardium. Furthermore, capillary density was increased in LPD hearts. In conclusion, pre- and postnatal dietary protein restriction in mice causes a potentially beneficial myocardial remodeling.
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Natsume T, Yoshihara T, Naito H. Electromyostimulation with blood flow restriction enhances activation of mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways in rat gastrocnemius muscles. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 44:637-644. [PMID: 30398900 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) combined with blood flow restriction (BFR) induces muscle hypertrophy. However, cellular mechanisms underlying the muscle hypertrophy induced by NMES combined with BFR remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that NMES combined with BFR would enhance the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Age-matched male Wistar rats (6 months old, n = 7 per group) were assigned randomly to control, BFR alone (BFR), NMES alone (NMES), and NMES combined with BFR (NMES/BFR) groups. NMES induced 25 isometric contractions lasting 8 s with 4-s resting periods between contractions in the gastrocnemius muscle. Four sets in total were performed, with 1-min intervals between sets. A latex cuff was placed on the proximal portion of the hind limb and BFR at 200 mm Hg was conducted in 4 sets (each set 5 min) with 1-min rest intervals between sets. Venous blood was collected from the lateral tail vein to determine pH, H+ concentration, and lactate concentration before and immediately after the treatments. Expression levels of proteins related to muscle hypertrophy were determined by Western blot analysis. The application of NMES/BFR promoted muscle fatigue more than NMES alone. NMES/BFR induced greater changes in accumulation of metabolites and increase in gastrocnemius muscle weight. The phosphorylation of mTOR and MAPK signaling-related proteins was also enhanced following NMES/BFR, compared with other conditions. Thus, NMES enhanced the activation of mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways when combined with BFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Natsume
- a Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yoshihara
- b Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- b Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
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Kwon NH, Lee MR, Kong J, Park SK, Hwang BJ, Kim BG, Lee ES, Moon HG, Kim S. Transfer-RNA-mediated enhancement of ribosomal proteins S6 kinases signaling for cell proliferation. RNA Biol 2018; 15:635-648. [PMID: 28816616 PMCID: PMC6103689 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2017.1356563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While transfer-RNAs (tRNAs) are known to transport amino acids to ribosome, new functions are being unveiled from tRNAs and their fragments beyond protein synthesis. Here we show that phosphorylation of 90-kDa RPS6K (ribosomal proteins S6 kinase) was enhanced by tRNALeu overexpression under amino acids starvation condition. The phosphorylation of 90-kDa RPS6K was decreased by siRNA specific to tRNALeu and was independent to mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling. Among the 90-kDa RPS6K family, RSK1 (ribosomal S6 kinase 1) and MSK2 (mitogen-and stress-activated protein kinase 2) were the major kinases phosphorylated by tRNALeu overexpression. Through SILAC (stable isotope labeling by/with amino acids in cell culture) and combined mass spectrometry analysis, we identified EBP1 (ErbB3-binding protein 1) as the tRNALeu-binding protein. We suspected that the overexpression of free tRNALeu would reinforce ErbB2/ErbB3 signaling pathway by disturbing the interaction between ErbB3 and EBP1, resulting in RSK1/MSK2 phosphorylation, improving cell proliferation and resistance to death. Analysis of samples from patients with breast cancer also indicated an association between tRNALeu overexpression and the ErbB2-positive population. Our results suggested a possible link between tRNALeu overexpression and RSK1/MSK2 activation and ErbB2/ErbB3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Hoon Kwon
- a Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center , Seoul National University , Suwon , Gyeonggi , Korea
| | - Mi Ran Lee
- a Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center , Seoul National University , Suwon , Gyeonggi , Korea
| | - Jiwon Kong
- a Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center , Seoul National University , Suwon , Gyeonggi , Korea.,b Department of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Seung Kyun Park
- c Department of Molecular Bioscience , College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Kangwon , Korea
| | - Byung Joon Hwang
- c Department of Molecular Bioscience , College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Kangwon , Korea
| | - Byung Gyu Kim
- a Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center , Seoul National University , Suwon , Gyeonggi , Korea
| | - Eun-Shin Lee
- d Department of Surgery , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Hyeong-Gon Moon
- d Department of Surgery , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- a Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center , Seoul National University , Suwon , Gyeonggi , Korea.,e Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences , Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University , Suwon , Gyeonggi , Korea
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Pedrazza L, Cubillos-Rojas M, de Mesquita FC, Luft C, Cunha AA, Rosa JL, de Oliveira JR. Mesenchymal stem cells decrease lung inflammation during sepsis, acting through inhibition of the MAPK pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:289. [PMID: 29273091 PMCID: PMC5741936 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is a severe medical condition that ranks among the top 10 causes of death worldwide and which has permanently high incidence rates. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been found to be potent modulators of immune responses. More importantly, there is evidence that MSCs have a beneficial effect on preclinical models of polymicrobial sepsis. However, the changes caused by the MSCs in the effector cells of the host immune system remain unclear. Methods A mouse model of sepsis (male C57BL/6 mice) with three experimental groups was used for experiments in vivo: a control group, an untreated septic group, and a septic group treated with MSCs. In vitro experiments were performed using a cell line of pulmonary macrophages (RAW 264.7) co-cultured with MSCs and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results In vivo we demonstrated that treatment with MSCs was able to reduce the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and thereby decrease the production of inflammatory cytokines. In vitro experiments using a co-culture of macrophages with MSCs showed a decrease in COX-2 and NF-κB, and showed that this reduction was directly related to the ability of MSCs to inhibit phosphorylation of ERK, RSK, and p38, enzymes that belong to the family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Conclusions This study demonstrated that MSCs are able to inhibit the MAPK pathway activation, modulating the inflammatory response during sepsis. This understanding that MSCs can remodel the response of host cells and improve the course of sepsis is essential for developing new treatments for this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Pedrazza
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90619-900, Brazil.
| | - Monica Cubillos-Rojas
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, IDIBELL, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, E-08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernanda Cristina de Mesquita
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Carolina Luft
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, Institute of Biomedical Research (IPB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Andrea Cunha
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, Institute of Biomedical Research (IPB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Jose Luis Rosa
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, IDIBELL, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, E-08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jarbas Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90619-900, Brazil
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Li S, Li J, Zhao Y, Zhang Q, Wang Q. Nutrient sensing signaling integrates nutrient metabolism and intestinal immunity in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus after prolonged starvation. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2017; 71:50-57. [PMID: 28964867 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Starvation has been shown to affect growth and nutrient metabolism in fish; however, little information about the nutrient sensing signaling and mucosal adaptive immunity in fish was known. In the present study, grass carp was starved for 8weeks to simulate the natural aquaculture practice in Hubei during winter. The histology of liver was significantly affected with decreased expression of tight junction proteins including claudin-3, claudin-b and ZO-1. Muscle gene expression was also affected, with decreased expression of muscle growth promoting factors such as Myogenin, MyoD, Myf5, and increased expression of muscle degradation factors, such as CathepsinD. In addition, mucosal adaptive immunity was also significantly affected, with decreased expression of antibodies including IgZ and IgM in gut. Along with these changes was the inhibition of several nutrient sensing signaling including MAPK and TOR signaling, which leads to the inhibition of the synthesis of protein including immunoglobulin. The increased phosphorylation of eIF2α not only inhibited the translation, but also resulted in the decreased expression of IkB and increased expression of NF-<kappa>B, with the activation of pro-inflammatory genes including IL8 and TNF<alpha>.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiabo Li
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yongliang Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangxi, Guangxi Institute of Oceanology, Beihai 536000, China
| | - Qingchao Wang
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China.
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Cadoná FC, Rosa JL, Schneider T, Cubillos-Rojas M, Sánchez-Tena S, Azzolin VF, Assmann CE, Machado AK, Ribeiro EE, da Cruz IBM. Guaraná, a Highly Caffeinated Food, Presentsin vitroAntitumor Activity in Colorectal and Breast Cancer Cell Lines by Inhibiting AKT/mTOR/S6K and MAPKs Pathways. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:800-810. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1324994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francine C. Cadoná
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Toxicology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Jose L. Rosa
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Taiane Schneider
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Cubillos-Rojas
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Sánchez-Tena
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verônica F. Azzolin
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Charles E. Assmann
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Toxicology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Euler E. Ribeiro
- Third Age Open University, University of Amazonas State, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ivana Beatrice M. da Cruz
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Toxicology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Gerontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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14
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Pedrazza L, Cunha AA, Luft C, Nunes NK, Schimitz F, Gassen RB, Breda RV, Donadio MVF, de Souza Wyse AT, Pitrez PMC, Rosa JL, de Oliveira JR. Mesenchymal stem cells improves survival in LPS-induced acute lung injury acting through inhibition of NETs formation. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:3552-3564. [PMID: 28112391 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are syndromes of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure resulting from a variety of direct and indirect injuries to the gas exchange parenchyma of the lungs. During the ALI, we have an increase release of proinflammatory cytokines and high reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. These factors are responsible for the release and activation of neutrophil-derived proteases and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The excessive increase in the release of NETs cause damage to lung tissue. Recent studies have studies involving the administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment of experimental ALI has shown promising results. In this way, the objective of our study is to evaluate the ability of MSCs, in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI model, to reduce inflammation, oxidative damage, and consequently decrease the release of NETs. Mice were submitted lung injury induced by intratracheal instillation of LPS and subsequently treated or not with MSCs. Treatment with MSCs was able to modulate pulmonary inflammation, decrease oxidative damage, and reduce the release of NETs. These benefits from treatment are evident when we observe a significant increase in the survival curve in the treated animals. Our results demonstrate that MSCs treatment is effective for the treatment of ALI. For the first time, it is described that MSCs can reduce the formation of NETs and an experimental model of ALI. This finding is directly related to these cells modulate the inflammatory response and oxidative damage in the course of the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Pedrazza
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aline Andrea Cunha
- Laboratório de Respirologia Pediátrica, Centro Infant, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas (IPB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carolina Luft
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Respirologia Pediátrica, Centro Infant, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas (IPB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nailê Karine Nunes
- Laboratório de Respirologia Pediátrica, Centro Infant, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas (IPB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Felipe Schimitz
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Metabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Benedetti Gassen
- Instituto do Cérebro (INSCER), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Vaz Breda
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas (IPB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcio Vinícius Fagundes Donadio
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Respirologia Pediátrica, Centro Infant, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas (IPB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Angela Terezinha de Souza Wyse
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Metabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Marcio Condessa Pitrez
- Laboratório de Respirologia Pediátrica, Centro Infant, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas (IPB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jose Luis Rosa
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, IDIBELL, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jarbas Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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15
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Park YS, Liu Z, Vasamsetti BMK, Cho NJ. The ERK1/2 and mTORC1 Signaling Pathways Are Involved in the Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor-Mediated Proliferation of SNU-407 Colon Cancer Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2854-2863. [PMID: 27167250 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) regulate diverse cellular functions, including cell growth and proliferation, via multiple signaling pathways. Previously, we showed that mAChRs stimulate the MEK1/2-ERK1/2-RSK pathway in SNU-407 colon cancer cells and subsequently promote cell proliferation. In this study, we provide evidence that the PI3K-Akt-mTORC1-S6K1 pathway is activated by mAChRs in SNU-407 cells and that this pathway is associated with protein biosynthesis and cell proliferation. When the cells were treated with the cholinergic agonist carbachol, Akt was activated in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. This carbachol effect was almost completely blocked by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, implying that PI3K is responsible for the Akt activation. S6K1, a major downstream target of mTORC1, was also activated by carbachol in a temporal profile similar to that of the Akt activation. This carbachol-stimulated S6K1 activation was abrogated by LY294002 or the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin, supporting the notion that mAChRs mediate S6K1 activation via the PI3K-Akt-mTORC1 pathway. We observed that global protein biosynthesis, monitored by puromycin incorporation, was strongly increased by carbachol in an atropine-sensitive manner. Inhibition experiments indicated that the ERK1/2 and mTORC1 signaling pathways may be involved in carbachol-stimulated global protein biosynthesis. We also found that treating SNU-407 cells with LY294002 or rapamycin significantly suppressed carbachol-stimulated cell proliferation. In the presence of the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126, cell proliferation was further reduced by rapamycin treatment. Our data thus suggest that both the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 and mTORC1 pathways play important roles in mAChR-mediated cell proliferation in SNU-407 colon cancer cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2854-2863, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Seo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea
| | - Ziyu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea
| | | | - Nam Jeong Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.
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16
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Rapanelli M, Frick LR, Horn KD, Schwarcz RC, Pogorelov V, Nairn AC, Pittenger C. The Histamine H3 Receptor Differentially Modulates Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) and Akt Signaling in Striatonigral and Striatopallidal Neurons. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21042-21052. [PMID: 27510032 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.731406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The basal ganglia have a central role in motor patterning, habits, motivated behaviors, and cognition as well as in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders. Receptors for histamine, especially the H3 receptor (H3R), are highly expressed in the striatum, the primary input nucleus of the basal ganglia, but their effects on this circuitry have been little explored. H3R interacts with dopamine (DA) receptors ex vivo; the nature and functional importance of these interactions in vivo remain obscure. We found H3R activation with the agonist R-(-)-α-methylhistamine to produce a unique time- and cell type-dependent profile of molecular signaling events in the striatum. H3 agonist treatment did not detectably alter extracellular DA levels or signaling through the cAMP/DARPP-32 signaling pathway in either D1- or D2-expressing striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs). In D1-MSNs, H3 agonist treatment transiently activated MAPK signaling and phosphorylation of rpS6 and led to phosphorylation of GSK3β-Ser9, a novel effect. Consequences of H3 activation in D2-MSNs were completely different. MAPK signaling was unchanged, and GSK3β-Ser9 phosphorylation was reduced. At the behavioral level, two H3 agonists had no significant effect on locomotion or stereotypy, but they dramatically attenuated the locomotor activation produced by the D1 agonist SKF82958. H3 agonist co-administration blocked the activation of MAPK signaling and the phosphorylation of rpS6 produced by D1 activation in D1-MSNs, paralleling behavioral effects. In contrast, GSK3β-Ser9 phosphorylation was seen only after H3 agonist treatment, with no interactive effects. H3R signaling has been neglected in models of basal ganglia function and has implications for a range of pathophysiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rivka C Schwarcz
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06519
| | | | | | - Christopher Pittenger
- From the Departments Psychiatry and Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, and Psychology, Child Study Center,
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17
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Abstract
Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increase the risk of delivering infants that are large for gestational age with greater adiposity, who are prone to the development of metabolic disease in childhood and beyond. These maternal conditions are also associated with increased levels of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α in maternal tissues and the placenta. Recent evidence suggests that changes in placental amino acid transport contribute to altered fetal growth. TNF-α was previously shown to stimulate System A amino acid transport in primary human trophoblasts (PHTs), however the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that TNF-α regulates amino acid uptake in cultured PHTs by a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent mechanism. Treatment of PHTs with TNF-α significantly increased System A amino acid transport, as well as Erk and p38 MAPK signaling. Pharmacological antagonism of p38, but not Erk MAPK activity, inhibited TNF-α stimulated System A activity. Silencing of p38 MAPK using siRNA transfections prevented TNF-α stimulated System A transport in PHTs. TNF-α significantly increased the protein expression of System A transporters SNAT1 and SNAT2, but did not affect their mRNA expression. The effects of TNF-α on SNAT1 and SNAT2 protein expression were reversed by p38 MAPK siRNA silencing. In conclusion, TNF-α regulates System A activity through increased SNAT1 and SNAT2 transporter protein expression in PHTs. These findings suggest that p38 MAPK may represent a critical mechanistic link between elevated proinflammatory cytokines and increased placental amino acid transport in obese and GDM pregnancies associated with fetal overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving L M H Aye
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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18
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Naka K, Jomen Y, Ishihara K, Kim J, Ishimoto T, Bae EJ, Mohney RP, Stirdivant SM, Oshima H, Oshima M, Kim DW, Nakauchi H, Takihara Y, Kato Y, Ooshima A, Kim SJ. Dipeptide species regulate p38MAPK-Smad3 signalling to maintain chronic myelogenous leukaemia stem cells. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8039. [PMID: 26289811 PMCID: PMC4560789 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the specific survival of the rare chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) stem cell population could provide a target for therapeutics aimed at eradicating these cells. However, little is known about how survival signalling is regulated in CML stem cells. In this study, we survey global metabolic differences between murine normal haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and CML stem cells using metabolomics techniques. Strikingly, we show that CML stem cells accumulate significantly higher levels of certain dipeptide species than normal HSCs. Once internalized, these dipeptide species activate amino-acid signalling via a pathway involving p38MAPK and the stemness transcription factor Smad3, which promotes CML stem cell maintenance. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of dipeptide uptake inhibits CML stem cell activity in vivo. Our results demonstrate that dipeptide species support CML stem cell maintenance by activating p38MAPK–Smad3 signalling in vivo, and thus point towards a potential therapeutic target for CML treatment. Chronic myelogenous leukaemia contains a stem cell fraction and targeting this population of cells is an attractive therapeutic strategy. Here, the authors demonstrate that the stem cells take up dipeptides and that inhibiting the dipeptide transporter could reduce the number of these stem cells in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Naka
- Exploratory Project on Cancer Stem Cells, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yoshie Jomen
- Exploratory Project on Cancer Stem Cells, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kaori Ishihara
- Exploratory Project on Cancer Stem Cells, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Junil Kim
- CHA Cancer Institute and Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, CHA Bio Complex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-ku, Seongnam, Kyunggi-do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Takahiro Ishimoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Eun-Jin Bae
- Exploratory Project on Cancer Stem Cells, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.,CHA Cancer Institute and Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, CHA Bio Complex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-ku, Seongnam, Kyunggi-do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert P Mohney
- Metabolon, Inc., 617 Davis Drive Suite 400, Durham, North Carolina 27713, USA
| | - Steven M Stirdivant
- Metabolon, Inc., 617 Davis Drive Suite 400, Durham, North Carolina 27713, USA
| | - Hiroko Oshima
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masanobu Oshima
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shiroganedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Takihara
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Akira Ooshima
- CHA Cancer Institute and Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, CHA Bio Complex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-ku, Seongnam, Kyunggi-do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Kim
- CHA Cancer Institute and Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, CHA Bio Complex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-ku, Seongnam, Kyunggi-do 463-400, Republic of Korea
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19
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Mohanty S, Jagannathan L, Ganguli G, Padhi A, Roy D, Alaridah N, Saha P, Nongthomba U, Godaly G, Gopal RK, Banerjee S, Sonawane A. A mycobacterial phosphoribosyltransferase promotes bacillary survival by inhibiting oxidative stress and autophagy pathways in macrophages and zebrafish. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:13321-43. [PMID: 25825498 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.598482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis employs various strategies to modulate host immune responses to facilitate its persistence in macrophages. The M. tuberculosis cell wall contains numerous glycoproteins with unknown roles in pathogenesis. Here, by using Concanavalin A and LC-MS analysis, we identified a novel mannosylated glycoprotein phosphoribosyltransferase, encoded by Rv3242c from M. tuberculosis cell walls. Homology modeling, bioinformatic analyses, and an assay of phosphoribosyltransferase activity in Mycobacterium smegmatis expressing recombinant Rv3242c (MsmRv3242c) confirmed the mass spectrometry data. Using Mycobacterium marinum-zebrafish and the surrogate MsmRv3242c infection models, we proved that phosphoribosyltransferase is involved in mycobacterial virulence. Histological and infection assays showed that the M. marinum mimG mutant, an Rv3242c orthologue in a pathogenic M. marinum strain, was strongly attenuated in adult zebrafish and also survived less in macrophages. In contrast, infection with wild type and the complemented ΔmimG:Rv3242c M. marinum strains showed prominent pathological features, such as severe emaciation, skin lesions, hemorrhaging, and more zebrafish death. Similarly, recombinant MsmRv3242c bacteria showed increased invasion in non-phagocytic epithelial cells and longer intracellular survival in macrophages as compared with wild type and vector control M. smegmatis strains. Further mechanistic studies revealed that the Rv3242c- and mimG-mediated enhancement of intramacrophagic survival was due to inhibition of autophagy, reactive oxygen species, and reduced activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes. Infection with MsmRv3242c also activated the MAPK pathway, NF-κB, and inflammatory cytokines. In summary, we show that a novel mycobacterial mannosylated phosphoribosyltransferase acts as a virulence and immunomodulatory factor, suggesting that it may constitute a novel target for antimycobacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Mohanty
- From the School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa-751024, India
| | - Lakshmanan Jagannathan
- From the School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa-751024, India, the AU-KBC Research Center, MIT Campus, Anna University, Chromepet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600025, India
| | - Geetanjali Ganguli
- From the School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa-751024, India
| | - Avinash Padhi
- From the School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa-751024, India
| | - Debasish Roy
- the Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development, and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Nader Alaridah
- the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Pratip Saha
- the Bioinformatics Center, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India, and
| | - Upendra Nongthomba
- the Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development, and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Gabriela Godaly
- the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ramesh Kumar Gopal
- the AU-KBC Research Center, MIT Campus, Anna University, Chromepet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600025, India
| | - Sulagna Banerjee
- the AU-KBC Research Center, MIT Campus, Anna University, Chromepet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600025, India, the Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- From the School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa-751024, India,
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20
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Binai NA, Marino F, Soendergaard P, Bache N, Mohammed S, Heck AJR. Rapid analyses of proteomes and interactomes using an integrated solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-MS/MS system. J Proteome Res 2014; 14:977-85. [PMID: 25485597 DOI: 10.1021/pr501011z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Here, we explore applications of a LC system using disposable solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges and very short LC-MS/MS gradients that allows for rapid analyses in less than 10 min analysis time. The setup consists of an autosampler harboring two sets of 96 STAGE tips that function as precolumns and a short RP analytical column running 6.5 min gradients. This system combines efficiently with several proteomics workflows such as offline prefractionation methods, including 1D gel electrophoresis and strong-cation exchange chromatography. It also enables the analysis of interactomes obtained by affinity purification with an analysis time of approximately 1 h. In a typical shotgun proteomics experiment involving 36 SCX fractions of an AspN digested cell lysate, we detected over 3600 protein groups with an analysis time of less than 5.5 h. This innovative fast LC system reduces proteome analysis time while maintaining sufficient proteomic detail. This has particular relevance for the use of proteomics within a clinical environment, where large sample numbers and fast turnover times are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine A Binai
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, ‡Netherlands Proteomics Centre, University of Utrecht , Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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21
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Duan L, Danzer B, Levenson VV, Maki CG. Critical roles for nitric oxide and ERK in the completion of prosurvival autophagy in 4OHTAM-treated estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2014; 353:290-300. [PMID: 25069039 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a mechanism of tamoxifen (TAM) resistance in ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer cells. In this study, we showed in ER+ MCF7 cells that 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4OHTAM) induced cellular nitric oxide (NO) that negatively regulates cellular superoxide (O2-) and cytotoxicity. 4OHTAM stimulated LC3 lipidation and formation of monodansylcadaverine (MDC)-labeled autophagic vesicles dependent on O2-. Depletion of NO increased O2- and LC3 lipidation, yet reduced formation of MDC-labeled autophagic vesicles. Instead, NO-depleted cells formed remarkably large vacuoles with rims decorated by LC3. The vacuoles were not labeled by MDC or the acidic lysosome-specific fluorescence dye acridine orange (AO). The vacuoles were increased by the late stage autophagy inhibitor chloroquine, which also increased LC3 lipidation. These results suggest NO is required for proper autophagic vesicle formation or maturation at a step after LC3 lipidation. In addition, 4OHTAM induced O2--dependent activation of ERK, inhibition of which destabilized lysosomes/autolysosomes upon 4OHTAM treatment and together with depletion of NO led to necrotic cell death. These results suggest an essential role for endogenous NO and ERK activation in the completion of pro-survival autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Duan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Brian Danzer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Victor V Levenson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Carl G Maki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Manlin W, Wenlei B, Xiyan H, Xu Z, Yanfeng W, Zhigang W. Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of S6K1 in Cashmere Goats (Capra hircus). Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 26:1057-64. [PMID: 25049885 PMCID: PMC4093223 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K) can integrate nutrient and growth factor signals to promote cell growth and survival. We report our molecular characterization of the complementary DNA (cDNA) that encodes the goat p70S6K gene 40S ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) (GenBank accession GU144017) and its 3′ noncoding sequence in Inner Mongolia Cashmere goats (Capra hircus). Goat S6K1 cDNA was 2,272 bp and include an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,578 bp, corresponding to a polypeptide of 525 amino acids, and a 694-residue 3′ noncoding sequence with a polyadenylation signal at nucleotides 2,218 to 2,223. The relative abundance of S6K1 mRNA was measured by real-time PCR in 6 tissues, and p70S6K expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in heart and testis. The phosphorylation of p70S6K is regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in fetal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Manlin
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Bao Wenlei
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Hao Xiyan
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Wang Yanfeng
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Wang Zhigang
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
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Cubillos-Rojas M, Amair-Pinedo F, Peiró-Jordán R, Bartrons R, Ventura F, Rosa JL. The E3 ubiquitin protein ligase HERC2 modulates the activity of tumor protein p53 by regulating its oligomerization. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:14782-95. [PMID: 24722987 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.527978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is a transcription factor that coordinates the cellular response to several kinds of stress. p53 inactivation is an important step in tumor progression. Oligomerization of p53 is critical for its posttranslational modification and its ability to regulate the transcription of target genes necessary to inhibit tumor growth. Here we report that the HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase HERC2 interacts with p53. This interaction involves the CPH domain of HERC2 (a conserved domain within Cul7, PARC, and HERC2 proteins) and the last 43 amino acid residues of p53. Through this interaction, HERC2 regulates p53 activity. RNA interference experiments showed how HERC2 depletion reduces the transcriptional activity of p53 without affecting its stability. This regulation of p53 activity by HERC2 is independent of proteasome or MDM2 activity. Under these conditions, up-regulation of cell growth and increased focus formation were observed, showing the functional relevance of the HERC2-p53 interaction. This interaction was maintained after DNA damage caused by the chemotherapeutic drug bleomycin. In these stressed cells, p53 phosphorylation was not impaired by HERC2 knockdown. Interestingly, p53 mutations that affect its tetramerization domain disrupted the HERC2-p53 interaction, suggesting a role for HERC2 in p53 oligomerization. This regulatory role was shown using cross-linking assays. Thus, the inhibition of p53 activity after HERC2 depletion can be attributed to a reduction in p53 oligomerization. Ectopic expression of HERC2 (residues 2292-2923) confirmed these observations. Together, these results identify HERC2 as a novel regulator of p53 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Cubillos-Rojas
- From the Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - Fabiola Amair-Pinedo
- From the Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - Roser Peiró-Jordán
- From the Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - Ramon Bartrons
- From the Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - Francesc Ventura
- From the Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Rosa
- From the Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
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Edwards MW, Aultman JA, Harber G, Bhatt JM, Sztul E, Xu Q, Zhang P, Michalek SM, Katz J. Role of mTOR downstream effector signaling molecules in Francisella tularensis internalization by murine macrophages. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83226. [PMID: 24312679 PMCID: PMC3849438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is an infectious, gram-negative, intracellular microorganism, and the cause of tularemia. Invasion of host cells by intracellular pathogens like Francisella is initiated by their interaction with different host cell membrane receptors and the rapid phosphorylation of different downstream signaling molecules. PI3K and Syk have been shown to be involved in F. tularensis host cell entry, and both of these signaling molecules are associated with the master regulator serine/threonine kinase mTOR; yet the involvement of mTOR in F. tularensis invasion of host cells has not been assessed. Here, we report that infection of macrophages with F. tularensis triggers the phosphorylation of mTOR downstream effector molecules, and that signaling via TLR2 is necessary for these events. Inhibition of mTOR or of PI3K, ERK, or p38, but not Akt signaling, downregulates the levels of phosphorylation of mTOR downstream targets, and significantly reduces the number of F. tularensis cells invading macrophages. Moreover, while phosphorylation of mTOR downstream effectors occurs via the PI3K pathway, it also involves PLCγ1 and Ca2+ signaling. Furthermore, abrogation of PLC or Ca2+ signaling revealed their important role in the ability of F. tularensis to invade host cells. Together, these findings suggest that F. tularensis invasion of primary macrophages utilize a myriad of host signaling pathways to ensure effective cell entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Edwards
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - James A. Aultman
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Gregory Harber
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jay M. Bhatt
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Sztul
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Qingan Xu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Suzanne M. Michalek
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jannet Katz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sedliak M, Zeman M, Buzgó G, Cvečka J, Hamar D, Laczo E, Zelko A, Okuliarová M, Raastad T, Nilsen TS, Kyröläinen H, Häkkinen K, Ahtiainen JP, Hulmi JJ. Effects of time of day on resistance exercise-induced anabolic signaling in skeletal muscle. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2012.740314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Siebel A, Cubillos-Rojas M, Santos RC, Schneider T, Bonan CD, Bartrons R, Ventura F, Rodrigues de Oliveira J, Rosa JL. Contribution of S6K1/MAPK signaling pathways in the response to oxidative stress: activation of RSK and MSK by hydrogen peroxide. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75523. [PMID: 24058693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to different kind of stress through the coordinated activation of signaling pathways such as MAPK or p53. To find which molecular mechanisms are involved, we need to understand their cell adaptation. The ribosomal protein, S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), is a common downstream target of signaling by hormonal or nutritional stress. Here, we investigated the initial contribution of S6K1/MAPK signaling pathways in the cell response to oxidative stress produced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). To analyze S6K1 activation, we used the commercial anti-phospho-Thr389-S6K1 antibody most frequently mentioned in the bibliography. We found that this antibody detected an 80-90 kDa protein that was rapidly phosphorylated in response to H2O2 in several human cells. Unexpectedly, this phosphorylation was insensitive to both mTOR and PI3K inhibitors, and knock-down experiments showed that this protein was not S6K1. RSK and MSK proteins were candidate targets of this phosphorylation. We demonstrated that H2O2 stimulated phosphorylation of RSK and MSK kinases at residues that are homologous to Thr389 in S6K1. This phosphorylation required the activity of either p38 or ERK MAP kinases. Kinase assays showed activation of RSK and MSK by H2O2. Experiments with mouse embryonic fibroblasts from p38 animals’ knockout confirmed these observations. Altogether, these findings show that the S6K1 signaling pathway is not activated under these conditions, clarify previous observations probably misinterpreted by non-specific detection of proteins RSK and MSK by the anti-phospho-Thr389-S6K1 antibody, and demonstrate the specific activation of MAPK signaling pathways through ERK/p38/RSK/MSK by H2O2.
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Kim SH, Yu HS, Park HG, Ha K, Kim YS, Shin SY, Ahn YM. Intracerebroventricular administration of ouabain, a Na/K-ATPase inhibitor, activates mTOR signal pathways and protein translation in the rat frontal cortex. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 45:73-82. [PMID: 23643758 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of ouabain, a specific Na/K-ATPase inhibitor, induces behavioral changes in rats in a putative animal model of mania. The binding of ouabain to Na/K-ATPase affects signaling molecules in vitro, including ERK1/2 and Akt, which promote protein translation. We have also reported that ERK1/2 and Akt in the brain are involved in the ouabain-induced hyperactivity of rats. In this study, rats were given an ICV injection of ouabain, and then their frontal cortices were examined to determine the effects of ouabain on the mTOR/p70S6K/S6 signaling pathway and protein translation, which are important in modifications of neural circuits and behavior. Rats showed ouabain-induced hyperactivity up to 8h following injection, and increased phosphorylation levels of mTOR, p70S6K, S6, eIF4B, and 4E-BP at 1, 2, 4, and 8h following ouabain injection. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that increased p-S6 immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm of neurons by ouabain was evident in the prefrontal, cingulate, and orbital cortex. These findings suggested increased translation initiation in response to ouabain. The rate of protein synthesis was measured as the amount of [(3)H]-leucine incorporation in the cell-free extracts of frontal cortical tissues, and showed a significant increase at 8h after ouabain injection. These results suggest that ICV injection of ouabain induced activation of the protein translation initiation pathway regulated by ERK1/2 and Akt, and prolonged hyperactivity in rats. In conclusion, protein translation pathway could play an important role in ouabain-induced hyperactivity in a rodent model of mania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science & Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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28
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Novellasdemunt L, Tato I, Navarro-Sabate A, Ruiz-Meana M, Méndez-Lucas A, Perales JC, Garcia-Dorado D, Ventura F, Bartrons R, Rosa JL. Akt-dependent activation of the heart 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFKFB2) isoenzyme by amino acids. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:10640-51. [PMID: 23457334 PMCID: PMC3624444 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.455998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Reciprocal regulation of metabolism and signaling allows cells to modulate their activity in accordance with their metabolic resources. Thus, amino acids could activate signal transduction pathways that control cell metabolism. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the effect of amino acids on fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P2) metabolism. We demonstrate that amino acids increase Fru-2,6-P2 concentration in HeLa and in MCF7 human cells. In conjunction with this, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase activity, glucose uptake, and lactate concentration were increased. These data correlate with the specific phosphorylation of heart 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase (PFKFB2) isoenzyme at Ser-483. This activation was mediated by the PI3K and p38 signaling pathways. Furthermore, Akt inactivation blocked PFKFB2 phosphorylation and Fru-2,6-P2 production, thereby suggesting that the above signaling pathways converge at Akt kinase. In accordance with these results, kinase assays showed that amino acid-activated Akt phosphorylated PFKFB2 at Ser-483 and that knockdown experiments confirmed that the increase in Fru-2,6-P2 concentration induced by amino acids was due to PFKFB2. In addition, similar effects on Fru-2,6-P2 metabolism were observed in freshly isolated rat cardiomyocytes treated with amino acids, which indicates that these effects are not restricted to human cancer cells. In these cardiomyocytes, the glucose consumption and the production of lactate and ATP suggest an increase of glycolytic flux. Taken together, these results demonstrate that amino acids stimulate Fru-2,6-P2 synthesis by Akt-dependent PFKFB2 phosphorylation and activation and show how signaling and metabolism are inextricably linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Novellasdemunt
- From the Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain and
| | - Irantzu Tato
- From the Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain and
| | - Aurea Navarro-Sabate
- From the Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain and
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- the Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Andrés Méndez-Lucas
- From the Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain and
| | - Jose Carlos Perales
- From the Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain and
| | - David Garcia-Dorado
- the Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Francesc Ventura
- From the Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain and
| | - Ramon Bartrons
- From the Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain and
| | - Jose Luis Rosa
- From the Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain and
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Cánovas A, Varona L, Burgos C, Galve A, Carrodeguas JA, Ibáñez-Escriche N, Martín- Burriel I, López-Buesa P. Early postmortem gene expression and its relationship to composition and quality traits in pig Longissimus dorsi muscle1. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:3325-36. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Cánovas
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento de Genética Cuantitativa y Mejora Animal. Facultad de Veterinaria, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - L. Varona
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento de Genética Cuantitativa y Mejora Animal. Facultad de Veterinaria, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - C. Burgos
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A. Galve
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J. A. Carrodeguas
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - N. Ibáñez-Escriche
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentària. Area de Genètica i Millora Animal, Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - I. Martín- Burriel
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - P. López-Buesa
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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Abstract
Autophagy is a burgeoning area of research from yeast to humans. Although previously described as a death pathway, autophagy is now considered an important survival phenomenon in response to environmental stressors to which most organs are exposed. Despite an ever expanding literature in non-placental cells, studies of autophagy in the placenta are lagging. We review the regulation of autophagy, summarize available placental studies of autophagy, and highlight potential areas for future research. We believe that such studies will yield novel insights into how placentas protect the survival of the species by "self-eating".
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bildirici
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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31
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Bulus N, Feral C, Pozzi A, Zent R. CD98 increases renal epithelial cell proliferation by activating MAPKs. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40026. [PMID: 22768207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CD98 heavy chain (CD98hc) is a multifunctional transmembrane spanning scaffolding protein whose extracellular domain binds with light chain amino acid transporters (Lats) to form the heterodimeric amino acid transporters (HATs). It also interacts with β1 and β3 integrins by its transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. This interaction is proposed to be the mechanism whereby CD98 mediates cell survival and growth via currently undefined signaling pathways. In this study, we determined whether the critical function of CD98-dependent amino acid transport also plays a role in cell proliferation and defined the signaling pathways that mediate CD98-dependent proliferation of murine renal inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells. We demonstrate that downregulating CD98hc expression resulted in IMCD cell death. Utilizing overexpression studies of CD98hc mutants that either lacked a cytoplasmic tail or were unable to bind to Lats we showed that CD98 increases serum-dependent cell proliferation by a mechanism that requires the CD98hc cytoplasmic tail. We further demonstrated that CD98-dependent amino acid transport increased renal tubular epithelial cell proliferation by a mechanism that does not require the CD98hc cytoplasmic tail. Both these mechanisms of increased renal tubular epithelial cell proliferation are mediated by Erk and p38 MAPK signaling. Although increased amino transport markedly activated mTor signaling, this pathway did not alter cell proliferation. Thus, these studies demonstrate that in IMCD cells, the cytoplasmic and extracellular domains of CD98hc regulate cell proliferation by distinct mechanisms that are mediated by common MAPK signaling pathways.
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32
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Knizhnik AV, Kovaleva OV, Komelkov AV, Trukhanova LS, Rybko VA, Zborovskaya IB, Tchevkina EM. Arf6 promotes cell proliferation via the PLD-mTORC1 and p38MAPK pathways. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:360-71. [PMID: 21928324 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The small G-protein ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) belongs to the Ras GTPases superfamily and is mostly known for its actin remodeling functions and involvement in the processes of plasma membrane reorganization and vesicular transport. The majority of data indicates that Arf6 contributes to cancer progression through activation of cell motility and invasion. Alternatively, we found that the expression of a wild-type or a constitutively active Arf6 does not influence tumor cell motility and invasion but instead significantly stimulates cell proliferation and activates phospholipase D (PLD). Conversely the expression of a mutant Arf6 (Arf6N48I), that is, unable to interact with PLD has no effect on proliferation but promotes motility, invasion, and matrix degradation by uPA extracellular proteinase. Studying the mechanisms of Arf6-dependent stimulation of cell proliferation, we found some signaling pathways contributing to Arf6 promitogenic activity. Namely, we showed that Arf6 in a PLD-mTORC1-dependent manner activates S6K1 kinase, a well-known regulator of mitogen-stimulated translation initiation. Furthermore, we demonstrated an Arf6-dependent phosphorylation of mTORC1 downstream targets, 4E-BP1 and ribosomal S6 protein, confirming an existence of Arf6-PLD-mTORC1-S6K1/4E-BP1 signaling pathway and also demonstrated its impact on proliferation stimulation. Next, we found that Arf6 activation potentiates Erk1/2 and p38MAP kinases phosphorylation. Surprisingly, p38 opposite to Erk1/2 significantly contributes to Arf6-dependent proliferation increase promoting S6 ribosomal protein phosphorylation at Ser235/236 residues. Therefore, we demonstrated Arf6 proliferation stimulating activity and revealed PLD-mTORC1 and p38MAP kinase as Arf6 partners mediating promitogenic activity. These results highlight a new aspect of Arf6 functioning in cancer cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Knizhnik
- Institute of Carcinogenesis, Department of Oncogenes Regulation, NN Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoye Shosse 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
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Sun C, Qi R, Wang L, Yan J, Wang Y. p38 MAPK regulates calcium signal-mediated lipid accumulation through changing VDR expression in primary preadipocytes of mice. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:3179-84. [PMID: 21701827 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we have examined whether p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signal pathway interacts with calcium signal on lipid accumulation in primary preadipocytes of mice. The primary preadipocytes were treated with p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580, blockers and excitomotors of calcium channel for 24 h, respectively. Intracellular triglyceride (TG) content was measured by triglyceride kit and lipid accumulation was determined by Oil Red O staining. Meanwhile, the mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) gene, fatty acid synthetase (FAS) gene, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene, vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and extracellular Ca(2+)-sensing receptor (CaSR) gene were analyzed with real-time PCR. The protein content and phosphorylation of VDR and p38 were tested with Western Blotting. The data showed that intracellular TG content and the mRNA expression levels of PPARγ, FAS, LPL in N group and L group as well as FAS, LPL in C group were increased significantly (P < 0.01) compared to the control. On the contrary, intracellular TG content and the mRNA expression levels of PPARγ, FAS in B group as well as intracellular TG content and PPARγ, FAS, LPL in SB group and B+SB group were decreased significantly (P < 0.01). VDR mRNA expression and protein content were decreased in B, C, and SB added groups (P < 0.01). In addition, p38 phosphorylation levels increased in N and L groups (P < 0.01) and decreased in SB added groups (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that p38 MAPK pathway through regulating VDR mRNA expression participates in mediation of calcium signal and affects calcium signal regulating lipid accumulation in mice preadipocytes through changing PPARγ, FAS and LPL mRNA expression. In addition, calcium signal have a feedback effect in phosphorylation of p38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China.
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Tato I, Bartrons R, Ventura F, Rosa JL. Amino acids activate mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) via PI3K/Akt signaling. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:6128-42. [PMID: 21131356 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.166991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complexes regulates essential cellular processes, such as growth, proliferation, or survival. Nutrients such as amino acids are important regulators of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activation, thus affecting cell growth, protein synthesis, and autophagy. Here, we show that amino acids may also activate mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). This activation is mediated by the activity of class I PI3K and of Akt. Amino acids induced a rapid phosphorylation of Akt at Thr-308 and Ser-473. Whereas both phosphorylations were dependent on the presence of mTOR, only Akt phosphorylation at Ser-473 was dependent on the presence of rictor, a specific component of mTORC2. Kinase assays confirmed mTORC2 activation by amino acids. This signaling was functional, as demonstrated by the phosphorylation of Akt substrate FOXO3a. Interestingly, using different starvation conditions, amino acids can selectively activate mTORC1 or mTORC2. These findings identify a new signaling pathway used by amino acids underscoring the crucial importance of these nutrients in cell metabolism and offering new mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irantzu Tato
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona E-08907, Spain
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35
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Kakarla SK, Fannin JC, Keshavarzian S, Katta A, Paturi S, Nalabotu SK, Wu M, Rice KM, Manzoor K, Walker EM, Blough ER. Chronic acetaminophen attenuates age-associated increases in cardiac ROS and apoptosis in the Fischer Brown Norway rat. Basic Res Cardiol 2010; 105:535-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-010-0094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Revised: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Choi CH, Jung YK, Oh SH. Autophagy induction by capsaicin in malignant human breast cells is modulated by p38 and extracellular signal-regulated mitogen-activated protein kinases and retards cell death by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 78:114-25. [PMID: 20371669 DOI: 10.1124/mol.110.063495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we showed that capsaicin induces autophagy in several cell lines. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of capsaicin-induced autophagy in malignant (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and normal (MCF10A) human breast cells. Capsaicin caused nonapoptotic cell cycle arrest of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells but induced apoptosis in MCF10A cells. In MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, capsaicin induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress via inositol-requiring 1 and Chop and induced autophagy, as demonstrated by microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain-3 (LC3) conversion. Autophagy blocking by 3-methyladenine (3MA) or bafilomycin A1 (BaF1) activated caspase-4 and -7 and enhanced cell death. In MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, p38 was activated for more than 48 h by capsaicin treatment, but extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation decreased after 12 h, and LC3II levels continuously increased. Furthermore, treatment with 3MA markedly down-regulated capsaicin-induced p38 activation and LC3 conversion, and BaF1 completely down-regulated ERK activation and led to LC3II accumulation. In addition, pharmacological blockade or knockdown of the p38 gene down-regulated Akt activation and LC3II levels but did not affect ERK, and pharmacological blockade or knockdown of the ERK gene up-regulated LC3II induction by capsaicin. Knockdown of inositol-requiring 1 down-regulated p38-Akt signaling. In MCF10A cells, capsaicin did not elicit p38 activation and LC3 conversion and caused the sustained activation of caspase-4. Collectively, capsaicin-induced autophagy is regulated by p38 and ERK; p38 controls autophagy at the sequestration step, whereas ERK controls autophagy at the maturation step, and that autophagy is involved in the retardation of cell death by blocking capsaicin-induced ER stress-mediated apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-321 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol-Hee Choi
- Research Center for Resistant Cells, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
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Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that is essential for cellular homeostasis. Identification of more than 30 autophagy related proteins including a multi-spanning membrane protein, Atg9, has increased our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in autophagy. Atg9 is required for autophagy in several eukaryotic organisms although its function is unknown. Recently, we identified a novel interacting partner of mAtg9, p38 MAPK interacting protein, p38IP. We summarise recent data on the role of Atg9 trafficking in yeast and mammalian autophagy and discuss the role of p38IP and p38 MAPK in regulation of mAtg9 trafficking and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma L Webber
- London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, London, United Kingdom
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38
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Cully M, Genevet A, Warne P, Treins C, Liu T, Bastien J, Baum B, Tapon N, Leevers SJ, Downward J. A role for p38 stress-activated protein kinase in regulation of cell growth via TORC1. Mol Cell Biol 2010; 30:481-95. [PMID: 19917724 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.00688-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The target of rapamycin (TOR) complex 1 (TORC1) signaling pathway is a critical regulator of translation and cell growth. To identify novel components of this pathway, we performed a kinome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screen in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells. RNAi targeting components of the p38 stress-activated kinase cascade prevented the cell size increase elicited by depletion of the TOR negative regulator TSC2. In mammalian and Drosophila tissue culture, as well as in Drosophila ovaries ex vivo, p38-activating stresses, such as H(2)O(2) and anisomycin, were able to activate TORC1. This stress-induced TORC1 activation could be blocked by RNAi against mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 and 6 (MKK3/6) or by the overexpression of dominant negative Rags. Interestingly, p38 was also required for the activation of TORC1 in response to amino acids and growth factors. Genetic ablation either of p38b or licorne, its upstream kinase, resulted in small flies consisting of small cells. Mutants with mutations in licorne or p38b are nutrition sensitive; low-nutrient food accentuates the small-organism phenotypes, as well as the partial lethality of the p38b null allele. These data suggest that p38 is an important positive regulator of TORC1 in both mammalian and Drosophila systems in response to certain stresses and growth factors.
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Webber JL, Tooze SA. Coordinated regulation of autophagy by p38alpha MAPK through mAtg9 and p38IP. EMBO J. 2010;29:27-40. [PMID: 19893488 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2009.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a lysosomal degradation pathway, is essential for homeostasis, development, neurological diseases, and cancer. Regulation of autophagy in human disease is not well understood. Atg9 is a transmembrane protein required for autophagy, and it has been proposed that trafficking of Atg9 may regulate autophagy. Mammalian Atg9 traffics between the TGN and endosomes in basal conditions, and newly formed autophagosomes in response to signals inducing autophagy. We identified p38IP as a new mAtg9 interactor and showed that this interaction is regulated by p38alpha MAPK. p38IP is required for starvation-induced mAtg9 trafficking and autophagosome formation. Manipulation of p38IP and p38alpha alters mAtg9 localization, suggesting p38alpha regulates, through p38IP, the starvation-induced mAtg9 trafficking to forming autophagosomes. Furthermore, we show that p38alpha is a negative regulator of both basal autophagy and starvation-induced autophagy, and suggest that this regulation may be through a direct competition with mAtg9 for binding to p38IP. Our results provide evidence for a link between the MAPK pathway and the control of autophagy through mAtg9 and p38IP.
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