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Almeida-de-Oliveira NK, Abreu-Fernandes R, Lavigne AR, Pina-Costa A, Perce-da-Silva DDS, Catanho M, Rossi ÁD, Brasil P, Daniel-Ribeiro CT, Ferreira-da-Cruz MDF. Exploration of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface proteins 1 and 7 genetic diversity in Brazilian Amazon and Rio de Janeiro Atlantic Forest. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 86:104592. [PMID: 33059085 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface proteins (PvMSP) 1 and 7 are considered vaccine targets. Genetic diversity knowledge is crucial to assess their potential as immunogens and to provide insights about population structure in different epidemiological contexts. Here, we investigate the variability of pvmsp-142, pvmsp-7E, and pvmsp-7F genes in 227 samples from the Brazilian Amazon (BA) and Rio de Janeiro Atlantic Forest (AF). pvmsp-142 has 63 polymorphisms - 57 nonsynonymous - generating a nucleotide diversity of π = 0.009 in AF, and π = 0.018 in BA. In pvmsp-7E, 134 polymorphisms - 103 nonsynonymous - generate the nucleotide diversity of π = 0.027 in AF, and π = 0.042 in BA. The pvmsp-7F has only two SNPs - A610G and A1054T -, with nucleotide diversity of π = 0.0004 in AF, and π = 0.0007 in BA. The haplotype diversity of pvmsp-142, pvmsp-7E, and pvmsp-7F genes is 0.997, 1.00, and 0.649, respectively. None of the pvmsp-142 or pvmsp-7E sequences are identical to the Salvador 1 strain's sequence. Conversely, most of pvmsp-7F sequences (94/48%) are identical to Sal-1. We evaluated eight B-cell epitopes in pvmsp-7E, four of them showed higher nucleotide diversity compared to pvmsp-7E's epitopes. Positive selection was detected in pvmsp-142, pvmsp-7E central region, and pvmsp-7F with Tajima's D. In pvmsp-7E, the significant nucleotide and haplotype diversities with low genetic differentiation, could be indicative of balancing selection. The genetic differentiation of pvmsp-142 (0.315) and pvmsp-7F (0.354) genes between AF and BA regions is significant, which is not the case for pvmsp-7E (0.193). We conclude that pvmsp-142 and pvmsp-7E have great genetic diversity even in AF region, an enclosure area with deficient transmission levels of P. vivax zoonotic malaria. In both Brazilian regions, pvmsp-119, pvmsp-7E, and pvmsp-7F are conserved, most likely due to their roles in parasite survival, and could be considered potential targets for a "blood-stage vaccine".
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Ketrin Almeida-de-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, SVS & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Rebecca Abreu-Fernandes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, SVS & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline Rosa Lavigne
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, SVS & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anielle Pina-Costa
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, SVS & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Doenças Febris Agudas, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos (UNIFESO), Teresópolis, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daiana de Souza Perce-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, SVS & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis - FMP/FASE, Petrópolis, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos Catanho
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos, IOC, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Átila Duque Rossi
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Brasil
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, SVS & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Doenças Febris Agudas, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Cláudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, SVS & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Ferreira-da-Cruz
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, SVS & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Castillo AI, Andreína Pacheco M, Escalante AA. Evolution of the merozoite surface protein 7 (msp7) family in Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum: A comparative approach. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 50:7-19. [PMID: 28163236 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Malaria parasites (genus Plasmodium) are a diverse group found in many species of vertebrate hosts. These parasites invade red blood cells in a complex process comprising several proteins, many encoded by multigene families, one of which is merozoite surface protein 7 (msp7). In the case of Plasmodium vivax, the most geographically widespread human-infecting species, differences in the number of paralogs within multigene families have been previously explained, at least in part, as potential adaptations to the human host. To explore this in msp7, we studied its orthologs in closely related nonhuman primate parasites; investigating both paralog evolutionary history and genetic polymorphism. The emerging patterns were then compared with the human parasite Plasmodium falciparum. We found that the evolution of the msp7 family is consistent with a birth-and-death model, where duplications, pseudogenizations, and gene loss events are common. However, all paralogs in P. vivax and P. falciparum had orthologs in their closely related species in non-human primates indicating that the ancestors of those paralogs precede the events leading to their origins as human parasites. Thus, the number of paralogs cannot be explained as an adaptation to human hosts. Although there is no functional information for msp7 in P. vivax, we found evidence for purifying selection in the genetic polymorphism of some of its paralogs as well as their orthologs in closely related non-human primate parasites. We also found evidence indicating that a few of P. vivax's paralogs may have diverged from their orthologs in non-human primates by episodic positive selection. Hence, they may had been under selection when the lineage leading to P. vivax diverged from the Asian non-human primates and switched into Homininae. All these lines of evidence suggest that msp7 is functionally important in P. vivax.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Andreína Pacheco
- Department of Biology, Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine (igem), Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ananias A Escalante
- Department of Biology, Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine (igem), Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Garzón-Ospina D, Forero-Rodríguez J, Patarroyo MA. Evidence of functional divergence in MSP7 paralogous proteins: a molecular-evolutionary and phylogenetic analysis. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:256. [PMID: 27894257 PMCID: PMC5126858 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The merozoite surface protein 7 (MSP7) is a Plasmodium protein which is involved in parasite invasion; the gene encoding it belongs to a multigene family. It has been proposed that MSP7 paralogues seem to be functionally redundant; however, recent experiments have suggested that they could have different roles. Results The msp7 multigene family has been described in newly available Plasmodium genomes; phylogenetic relationships were established in 12 species by using different molecular evolutionary approaches for assessing functional divergence amongst MSP7 members. Gene expansion and contraction rule msp7 family evolution; however, some members could have had concerted evolution. Molecular evolutionary analysis showed that relaxed and/or intensified selection modulated Plasmodium msp7 paralogous evolution. Furthermore, episodic diversifying selection and changes in evolutionary rates suggested that some paralogous proteins have diverged functionally. Conclusions Even though msp7 has mainly evolved in line with a birth-and-death evolutionary model, gene conversion has taken place between some paralogous genes allowing them to maintain their functional redundancy. On the other hand, the evolutionary rate of some MSP7 paralogs has become altered, as well as undergoing relaxed or intensified (positive) selection, suggesting functional divergence. This could mean that some MSP7s can form different parasite protein complexes and/or recognise different host receptors during parasite invasion. These results highlight the importance of this gene family in the Plasmodium genus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0830-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Garzón-Ospina
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.,PhD Programme in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24#63C-69, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Johanna Forero-Rodríguez
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Manuel A Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá, DC, Colombia. .,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24#63C-69, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.
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The Aotus nancymaae erythrocyte proteome and its importance for biomedical research. J Proteomics 2016; 152:131-137. [PMID: 27989940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Aotus nancymaae species has been of great importance in researching the biology and pathogenesis of malaria, particularly for studying Plasmodium molecules for including them in effective vaccines against such microorganism. In spite of the forgoing, there has been no report to date describing the biology of parasite target cells in primates or their biomedical importance. This study was thus designed to analyse A. nancymaae erythrocyte protein composition using MS data collected during a previous study aimed at characterising the Plasmodium vivax proteome and published in the pertinent literature. Most peptides identified were similar to those belonging to 1189 Homo sapiens molecules; >95% of them had orthologues in New World primates. GO terms revealed a correlation between categories having the greatest amount of proteins and vital cell function. Integral membrane molecules were also identified which could be possible receptors facilitating interaction with Plasmodium species. The A. nancymaae erythrocyte proteome is described here for the first time, as a starting point for more in-depth/extensive studies. The data reported represents a source of invaluable information for laboratories interested in carrying out basic and applied biomedical investigation studies which involve using this primate. SIGNIFICANCE An understanding of the proteomics characteristics of A. nancymaae erythrocytes represents a fascinating area for research regarding the study of the pathogenesis of malaria since these are the main target for Plasmodium invasion. However, and even though Aotus is one of the non-human primate models considered most appropriate for biomedical research, knowledge of its proteome, particularly its erythrocytes, remains unknown. According to the above and bearing in mind the lack of information about the A. nancymaae species genome and transcriptome, this study involved a search for primate proteins for comparing their MS/MS spectra with the available information for Homo sapiens. The great similarity found between the primate's molecules and those for humans supported the use of the monkeys or their cells for continuing assays involved in studying malaria. Integral membrane receptors used by Plasmodium for invading cells were also found; this required timely characterisation for evaluating their therapeutic role. The list of erythrocyte protein composition reported here represents a useful source of basic knowledge for advancing biomedical investigation in this field.
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Heterogeneous genetic diversity pattern in Plasmodium vivax genes encoding merozoite surface proteins (MSP) -7E, -7F and -7L. Malar J 2014; 13:495. [PMID: 25496322 PMCID: PMC4300842 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The msp-7 gene has become differentially expanded in the Plasmodium genus; Plasmodium vivax has the highest copy number of this gene, several of which encode antigenic proteins in merozoites. Methods DNA sequences from thirty-six Colombian clinical isolates from P. vivax (pv) msp-7E, −7F and -7L genes were analysed for characterizing and studying the genetic diversity of these pvmsp-7 members which are expressed during the intra-erythrocyte stage; natural selection signals producing the variation pattern so observed were evaluated. Results The pvmsp-7E gene was highly polymorphic compared to pvmsp-7F and pvmsp-7L which were seen to have limited genetic diversity; pvmsp-7E polymorphism was seen to have been maintained by different types of positive selection. Even though these copies seemed to be species-specific duplications, a search in the Plasmodium cynomolgi genome (P. vivax sister taxon) showed that both species shared the whole msp-7 repertoire. This led to exploring the long-term effect of natural selection by comparing the orthologous sequences which led to finding signatures for lineage-specific positive selection. Conclusions The results confirmed that the P. vivax msp-7 family has a heterogeneous genetic diversity pattern; some members are highly conserved whilst others are highly diverse. The results suggested that the 3′-end of these genes encode MSP-7 proteins’ functional region whilst the central region of pvmsp-7E has evolved rapidly. The lineage-specific positive selection signals found suggested that mutations occurring in msp-7s genes during host switch may have succeeded in adapting the ancestral P. vivax parasite population to humans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1475-2875-13-495) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Putaporntip C, Miao J, Kuamsab N, Sattabongkot J, Sirichaisinthop J, Jongwutiwes S, Cui L. The Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 3β sequence reveals contrasting parasite populations in southern and northwestern Thailand. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3336. [PMID: 25412166 PMCID: PMC4238993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria control efforts have a significant impact on the epidemiology and parasite population dynamics. In countries aiming for malaria elimination, malaria transmission may be restricted to limited transmission hot spots, where parasite populations may be isolated from each other and experience different selection forces. Here we aim to examine the Plasmodium vivax population divergence in geographically isolated transmission zones in Thailand. METHODOLOGY We employed the P. vivax merozoite surface protein 3β (PvMSP3β) as a molecular marker for characterizing P. vivax populations based on the extensive diversity of this gene in Southeast Asian parasite populations. To examine two parasite populations with different transmission levels in Thailand, we obtained 45 P. vivax isolates from Tak Province, northwestern Thailand, where the annual parasite incidence (API) was more than 2%, and 28 isolates from Yala and Narathiwat Provinces, southern Thailand, where the API was less than 0.02%. We sequenced the PvMSP3β gene and examined its genetic diversity and molecular evolution between the parasite populations. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Of 58 isolates containing single PvMSP3β alleles, 31 sequence types were identified. The overall haplotype diversity was 0.77 ± 0.06 and nucleotide diversity 0.0877±0.0054. The northwestern vivax malaria population exhibited extensive haplotype diversity (HD) of PvMSP3β (HD=1.0). In contrast, the southern parasite population displayed a single PvMSP3β allele (HD=0), suggesting a clonal population expansion. This result revealed that the extent of allelic diversity in P. vivax populations in Thailand varies among endemic areas. CONCLUSION Malaria parasite populations in a given region may vary significantly in genetic diversity, which may be the result of control and influenced by the magnitude of malaria transmission intensity. This is an issue that should be taken into account for the implementation of P. vivax control measures such as drug policy and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaturong Putaporntip
- Molecular Biology of Malaria and Opportunistic Parasites Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jun Miao
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Napaporn Kuamsab
- Molecular Biology of Malaria and Opportunistic Parasites Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jetsumon Sattabongkot
- Vivax Malaria Research Center, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Somchai Jongwutiwes
- Molecular Biology of Malaria and Opportunistic Parasites Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Liwang Cui
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Moreno-Pérez DA, Dégano R, Ibarrola N, Muro A, Patarroyo MA. Determining the Plasmodium vivax VCG-1 strain blood stage proteome. J Proteomics 2014; 113:268-280. [PMID: 25316051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is the second most prevalent parasite species causing malaria in humans living in tropical and subtropical areas throughout the world. There have been few P. vivax proteomic studies to date and they have focused on using clinical isolates, given the technical difficulties concerning how to maintain an in vitro culture of this species. This study was thus focused on identifying the P. vivax VCG-1 strain proteome during its blood lifecycle through LC-MS/MS; this led to identifying 734 proteins, thus increasing the overall number reported for P. vivax to date. Some of them have previously been related to reticulocyte invasion, parasite virulence and growth and others are new molecules possibly playing a functional role during metabolic processes, as predicted by Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) functional analysis. This is the first large-scale proteomic analysis of a P. vivax strain adapted to a non-human primate model showing the parasite protein repertoire during the blood lifecycle. Database searches facilitated the in silico prediction of proteins proposed for evaluation in further experimental assays regarding their potential as pharmacologic targets or as component of a totally efficient vaccine against malaria caused by P. vivax. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE P. vivax malaria continues being a public health problem around world. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding genome- and transcriptome-related P. vivax biology, there are few proteome studies, currently representing only 8.5% of the predicted in silico proteome reported in public databases. A high-throughput proteomic assay was used for discovering new P. vivax intra-reticulocyte asexual stage molecules taken from parasites maintained in vivo in a primate model. The methodology avoided the main problem related to standardising an in vitro culture system to obtain enough samples for protein identification and annotation. This study provides a source of potential information contributing towards a basic understanding of P. vivax biology related to parasite proteins which are of significant importance for the malaria research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Moreno-Pérez
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad del Rosario, Calle 63D No. 24-31, Bogotá, Colombia; IBSAL-CIETUS (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca-Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - R Dégano
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - N Ibarrola
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - A Muro
- IBSAL-CIETUS (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca-Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - M A Patarroyo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad del Rosario, Calle 63D No. 24-31, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Patarroyo MA, Calderón D, Moreno-Pérez DA. Vaccines againstPlasmodium vivax: a research challenge. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 11:1249-60. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.12.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Garzón-Ospina D, López C, Forero-Rodríguez J, Patarroyo MA. Genetic diversity and selection in three Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 7 (Pvmsp-7) genes in a Colombian population. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45962. [PMID: 23049905 PMCID: PMC3458108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A completely effective vaccine for malaria (one of the major infectious diseases worldwide) is not yet available; different membrane proteins involved in parasite-host interactions have been proposed as candidates for designing it. It has been found that proteins encoded by the merozoite surface protein (msp)-7 multigene family are antibody targets in natural infection; the nucleotide diversity of three Pvmsp-7 genes was thus analyzed in a Colombian parasite population. By contrast with P. falciparum msp-7 loci and ancestral P. vivax msp-7 genes, specie-specific duplicates of the latter specie display high genetic variability, generated by single nucleotide polymorphisms, repeat regions, and recombination. At least three major allele types are present in Pvmsp-7C, Pvmsp-7H and Pvmsp-7I and positive selection seems to be operating on the central region of these msp-7 genes. Although this region has high genetic polymorphism, the C-terminus (Pfam domain ID: PF12948) is conserved and could be an important candidate when designing a subunit-based antimalarial vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Garzón-Ospina
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia – FIDIC, Bogotá DC, Colombia
- Microbiology postgraduate program, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá DC, Colombia
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Carolina López
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia – FIDIC, Bogotá DC, Colombia
- Microbiology postgraduate program, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá DC, Colombia
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | | | - Manuel A. Patarroyo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia – FIDIC, Bogotá DC, Colombia
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá DC, Colombia
- * E-mail:
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Moreno-Perez DA, Montenegro M, Patarroyo ME, Patarroyo MA. Identification, characterization and antigenicity of the Plasmodium vivax rhoptry neck protein 1 (PvRON1). Malar J 2011; 10:314. [PMID: 22024312 PMCID: PMC3215230 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-10-314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium vivax malaria remains a major health problem in tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide. Several rhoptry proteins which are important for interaction with and/or invasion of red blood cells, such as PfRONs, Pf92, Pf38, Pf12 and Pf34, have been described during the last few years and are being considered as potential anti-malarial vaccine candidates. This study describes the identification and characterization of the P. vivax rhoptry neck protein 1 (PvRON1) and examine its antigenicity in natural P. vivax infections. Methods The PvRON1 encoding gene, which is homologous to that encoding the P. falciparum apical sushi protein (ASP) according to the plasmoDB database, was selected as our study target. The pvron1 gene transcription was evaluated by RT-PCR using RNA obtained from the P. vivax VCG-1 strain. Two peptides derived from the deduced P. vivax Sal-I PvRON1 sequence were synthesized and inoculated in rabbits for obtaining anti-PvRON1 antibodies which were used to confirm the protein expression in VCG-1 strain schizonts along with its association with detergent-resistant microdomains (DRMs) by Western blot, and its localization by immunofluorescence assays. The antigenicity of the PvRON1 protein was assessed using human sera from individuals previously exposed to P. vivax malaria by ELISA. Results In the P. vivax VCG-1 strain, RON1 is a 764 amino acid-long protein. In silico analysis has revealed that PvRON1 shares essential characteristics with different antigens involved in invasion, such as the presence of a secretory signal, a GPI-anchor sequence and a putative sushi domain. The PvRON1 protein is expressed in parasite's schizont stage, localized in rhoptry necks and it is associated with DRMs. Recombinant protein recognition by human sera indicates that this antigen can trigger an immune response during a natural infection with P. vivax. Conclusions This study shows the identification and characterization of the P. vivax rhoptry neck protein 1 in the VCG-1 strain. Taking into account that PvRON1 shares several important characteristics with other Plasmodium antigens that play a functional role during RBC invasion and, as shown here, it is antigenic, it could be considered as a good vaccine candidate. Further studies aimed at assessing its immunogenicity and protection-inducing ability in the Aotus monkey model are thus recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darwin A Moreno-Perez
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia, Carrera 50 No, 26-20, Bogotá, Colombia
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Restrepo-Montoya D, Becerra D, Carvajal-Patiño JG, Mongui A, Niño LF, Patarroyo ME, Patarroyo MA. Identification of Plasmodium vivax proteins with potential role in invasion using sequence redundancy reduction and profile hidden Markov models. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25189. [PMID: 21984903 PMCID: PMC3184965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study describes a bioinformatics approach designed to identify Plasmodium vivax proteins potentially involved in reticulocyte invasion. Specifically, different protein training sets were built and tuned based on different biological parameters, such as experimental evidence of secretion and/or involvement in invasion-related processes. A profile-based sequence method supported by hidden Markov models (HMMs) was then used to build classifiers to search for biologically-related proteins. The transcriptional profile of the P. vivax intra-erythrocyte developmental cycle was then screened using these classifiers. Results A bioinformatics methodology for identifying potentially secreted P. vivax proteins was designed using sequence redundancy reduction and probabilistic profiles. This methodology led to identifying a set of 45 proteins that are potentially secreted during the P. vivax intra-erythrocyte development cycle and could be involved in cell invasion. Thirteen of the 45 proteins have already been described as vaccine candidates; there is experimental evidence of protein expression for 7 of the 32 remaining ones, while no previous studies of expression, function or immunology have been carried out for the additional 25. Conclusions The results support the idea that probabilistic techniques like profile HMMs improve similarity searches. Also, different adjustments such as sequence redundancy reduction using Pisces or Cd-Hit allowed data clustering based on rational reproducible measurements. This kind of approach for selecting proteins with specific functions is highly important for supporting large-scale analyses that could aid in the identification of genes encoding potential new target antigens for vaccine development and drug design. The present study has led to targeting 32 proteins for further testing regarding their ability to induce protective immune responses against P. vivax malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Restrepo-Montoya
- Bioinformatics and Intelligent Systems Research Laboratory - BIOLISI, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Research Group on Combinatorial Algorithms - ALGOS-UN, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia - FIDIC, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - David Becerra
- Bioinformatics and Intelligent Systems Research Laboratory - BIOLISI, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Research Group on Combinatorial Algorithms - ALGOS-UN, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Juan G. Carvajal-Patiño
- Bioinformatics and Intelligent Systems Research Laboratory - BIOLISI, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia - FIDIC, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Alvaro Mongui
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia - FIDIC, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Luis F. Niño
- Bioinformatics and Intelligent Systems Research Laboratory - BIOLISI, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Research Group on Combinatorial Algorithms - ALGOS-UN, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Manuel E. Patarroyo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia - FIDIC, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Manuel A. Patarroyo
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia - FIDIC, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- * E-mail:
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12
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Roobsoong W, Roytrakul S, Sattabongkot J, Li J, Udomsangpetch R, Cui L. Determination of the Plasmodium vivax schizont stage proteome. J Proteomics 2011; 74:1701-10. [PMID: 21515433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
With the genome of the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax sequenced, it is important to determine the proteomes of the parasite in order to assist efforts in antigen and drug target discovery. Since a method for continuous culture of P. vivax parasite is not available, we tried to study the proteome of the erythrocytic stages using fresh parasite isolates from patients. In schizont-enriched samples, 316 proteins were confidently identified by tandem mass spectrometry. Almost 50% of the identified proteins were hypothetical, while other major categories include proteins with binding function, protein fate, protein synthesis, metabolism and cellular transport. To identify proteins that are recognized by host humoral immunity, parasite proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and screened by Western blot using an immune serum from a P. vivax patient. Mass spectrometry analysis of protein spots recognized by the serum identified four potential antigens including PV24. The recombinant protein PV24 was recognized by antibodies from vivax malaria patients even during the convalescent period, indicating that PV24 could elicit long-lasting antibody responses in P. vivax patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlapa Roobsoong
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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13
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Garzón-Ospina D, Romero-Murillo L, Tobón LF, Patarroyo MA. Low genetic polymorphism of merozoite surface proteins 7 and 10 in Colombian Plasmodium vivax isolates. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2011; 11:528-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Chen JH, Jung JW, Wang Y, Ha KS, Lu F, Lim CS, Takeo S, Tsuboi T, Han ET. Immunoproteomics Profiling of Blood Stage Plasmodium vivax Infection by High-Throughput Screening Assays. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:6479-89. [DOI: 10.1021/pr100705g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hu Chen
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Cell-free Science and
| | - Jae-Wan Jung
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Cell-free Science and
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Cell-free Science and
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Cell-free Science and
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Cell-free Science and
| | - Chae Seung Lim
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Cell-free Science and
| | - Satoru Takeo
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Cell-free Science and
| | - Takafumi Tsuboi
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Cell-free Science and
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Cell-free Science and
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15
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Merozoite surface proteins of the malaria parasite: The MSP1 complex and the MSP7 family. Int J Parasitol 2010; 40:1155-61. [PMID: 20451527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Systematic genetic analysis of the Plasmodium falciparum MSP7-like family reveals differences in protein expression, location, and importance in asexual growth of the blood-stage parasite. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2010; 9:1064-74. [PMID: 20472690 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00048-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Proteins located on Plasmodium falciparum merozoites, the invasive form of the parasite's asexual blood stage, are of considerable interest in vaccine research. Merozoite surface protein 7 (MSP7) forms a complex with MSP1 and is encoded by a member of a multigene family located on chromosome 13. The family codes for MSP7 and five MSP7-related proteins (MSRPs). In the present study, we have investigated the expression and the effect of msrp gene deletion at the asexual blood stage. In addition to msp7, msrp2, msrp3, and msrp5 are transcribed, and mRNA was easily detected by hybridization analysis, whereas mRNA for msrp1 and msrp4 could be detected only by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Notwithstanding evidence of transcription, antibodies to recombinant MSRPs failed to detect specific proteins, except for antibodies to MSRP2. Sequential proteolytic cleavages of MSRP2 resulted in 28- and 25-kDa forms. However, MSRP2 was absent from merozoites; the 25-kDa MSRP2 protein (MSRP2(25)) was soluble and secreted upon merozoite egress. The msrp genes were deleted by targeted disruption in the 3D7 line, leading to ablation of full-length transcripts. MSRP deletion mutants had no detectable phenotype, with growth and invasion characteristics comparable to those of the parental parasite; only the deletion of MSP7 led to a detectable growth phenotype. Thus, within this family some of the genes are transcribed at a significant level in asexual blood stages, but the corresponding proteins may or may not be detectable. Interactions of the expressed proteins with the merozoite also differ. These results highlight the potential for unexpected differences of protein expression levels within gene families.
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17
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Garzón-Ospina D, Cadavid LF, Patarroyo MA. Differential expansion of the merozoite surface protein (msp)-7 gene family in Plasmodium species under a birth-and-death model of evolution. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 55:399-408. [PMID: 20172030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
MSP-7 is a surface protein expressed by the Plasmodium merozoite as part of a protein-complex involved in initial interaction between merozoite and erythrocyte. Contigs of seven Plasmodium species were analyzed in order to identify all msp-7 family genes. The search identified annotated and unannotated open reading frames (ORFs) and showed an uneven number of msp-7 genes among the different species of the Plasmodium lineage. A phylogenetic analysis established the presence of at least two ancestral genes and identified various lineage- and species-specific duplication events. An estimation of synonymous (d(S)) and non-synonymous substitutions (d(N)) showed higher d(S) values compared to d(N) values, suggesting the action of purifying selection on these genes, moreover no changes in omega (evolutive rates) were found in codon models test. These data together with the data obtained from the Gu's type-I functional divergence test and comparisons between evolutionary rates among orthologous and paralogous genes suggest functional redundancy. Finally, an analysis of recombination events suggests that several sequences are undergoing such process and that this mechanism could therefore be playing an important role in the emergence of new sequences. We conclude that evolution of the msp-7 family is in agreement with a birth-and-death model of evolution, as msp-7 genes have expanded until reaching an optimal gene copy number in each Plasmodium species in order to adapt to different niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Garzón-Ospina
- Molecular Biology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia, Colombia
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18
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Characterization and antigenicity of the promising vaccine candidate Plasmodium vivax 34kDa rhoptry antigen (Pv34). Vaccine 2009; 28:415-21. [PMID: 19837093 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Giraldo MA, Arevalo-Pinzon G, Rojas-Caraballo J, Mongui A, Rodriguez R, Patarroyo MA. Vaccination with recombinant Plasmodium vivax MSP-10 formulated in different adjuvants induces strong immunogenicity but no protection. Vaccine 2009; 28:7-13. [PMID: 19782110 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2009] [Revised: 09/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although largely considered benign, Plasmodium vivax causes disease in nearly 75 million people each year and the available strategies are not sufficient to reduce the burden of disease, therefore pointing to vaccine development as a cost-effective control measure. In this study, the P. vivax merozoite surface protein 10 (MSP-10) was expressed as a recombinant protein in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography. High antigenicity was observed since sera from P. vivax-infected patients strongly recognized rPvMSP10. The immunogenicity of rPvMSP10 was tested in Aotus monkeys, comparing responses induced by formulations with Freund's adjuvant, Montanide ISA720 or aluminum hydroxide. All formulations produced high antibody titers recognizing the native protein in late schizonts. Despite inducing strong antibody production, none of the formulations protected immunized Aotus monkeys upon experimental challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Giraldo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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20
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Angel DI, Mongui A, Ardila J, Vanegas M, Patarroyo MA. The Plasmodium vivax Pv41 surface protein: identification and characterization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 377:1113-7. [PMID: 18983983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.10.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, Plasmodium vivax has been related to nearly 81% of malaria cases reported in Central America and the Mediterranean. Due to the difficulty of culturing this parasite species in vitro, most studies on P. vivax have focused on the identification of new antigens by homology comparison with P. falciparum vaccine candidate proteins. In this study, we have identified and characterized a Pf41 homologue in P. vivax, hence named Pv41, by following such approach and using web-available bioinformatics databases, molecular techniques and immunochemistry assays. Pv41 protein is a 384-amino-acid-long antigen encoded by a single exon that exhibits two s48/45 domains characteristic of gametocyte surface proteins. We have also demonstrated Pv41 transcription and expression during late intra-erythrocytic parasite stages and defined its subcellular localization on the parasite surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana I Angel
- Molecular Biology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia, Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá, Colombia
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21
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Mongui A, Angel DI, Guzman C, Vanegas M, Patarroyo MA. Characterisation of the Plasmodium vivax Pv38 antigen. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 376:326-30. [PMID: 18789893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.08.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the identification and characterisation of Pv38, based on the available genomic sequence of Plasmodium vivax and previous studies done with its Plasmodium falciparum homologue: Pf38. Pv38 is a 355 amino acid long peptide encoded by a single exon gene, for which orthologous genes have been identified in other Plasmodium species by bioinformatic approaches. As for Pf38, Pv38 was found to contain a s48/45 domain which is usually found in proteins displayed on gametocytes surface. The association of Pv38 with detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs), its expression in mature blood stages of the parasite (mainly schizonts) and the detection of its recombinant protein by sera from Aotus monkeys previously exposed to the parasite, were here assessed to further characterise this new antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Mongui
- Molecular Biology Department, Fundacion Instituto de Inmunologia de Colombia, Carrera 50 No. 26-20, Bogota, Colombia
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22
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Ansari FA, Kumar N, Bala Subramanyam M, Gnanamani M, Ramachandran S. MAAP: Malarial adhesins and adhesin‐like proteins predictor. Proteins 2008; 70:659-66. [PMID: 17879344 DOI: 10.1002/prot.21568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Malaria caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium is a dreaded disease, second only to tuberculosis. The emergence of parasites resistant to commonly used drugs and the lack of availability of vaccines aggravates the problem. One of the preventive approaches targets adhesion of parasites to host cells and tissues. Adhesion of parasites is mediated by proteins called adhesins. Abrogation of adhesion by either immunizing the host with adhesins or inhibiting the interaction using structural analogs of host cell receptors holds the potential to develop novel preventive strategies. The availability of complete genome sequence offers new opportunities for identifying adhesin and adhesin-like proteins. Development of computational algorithms can simplify this task and accelerate experimental characterization of the predicted adhesins from complete genomes. A curated positive dataset of experimentally known adhesins from Plasmodium species was prepared by careful examination of literature reports. "Controversial" or "hypothetical" adhesins were excluded. The negative dataset consisted of proteins representing various intracellular functions including information processing, metabolism, and interface (transporters). We did not include proteins likely to be on the surface with unknown adhesin properties or which are linked even indirectly to the adhesion process in either of the training sets. A nonhomology-based approach using 420 compositional properties of amino acid dipeptide and multiplet frequencies was used to develop MAAP Web server with Support Vector Machine (SVM) model classifier as its engine for the prediction of malarial adhesins and adhesin-like proteins. The MAAP engine has six SVM classifier models identified through an exhaustive search from 728 kernel parameters set. These models displayed an efficiency (Mathews correlation coefficient) of 0.860-0.967. The final prediction P(maap) score is the maximum score attained by a given sequence in any of the six models. The results of MAAP runs on complete proteomes of Plasmodium species revealed that in Plasmodium falciparum at P(maap) scores above 0.0, we observed a sensitivity of 100% with two false positives. In P. vivax and P. yoelii an optimal threshold P(maap) score of 0.7 was optimal with very few false positives (upto 5). Several new predictions were obtained. This list includes hypothetical protein PF14_0040, interspersed repeat antigen, STEVOR, liver stage antigen, SURFIN, RIFIN, stevor (3D7-stevorT3-2), mature parasite-infected erythrocyte surface antigen or P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 2, merozoite surface protein 6 in P. falciparum, circumsporozoite proteins, microneme protein-1, Vir18, Vir12-like, Vir12, Vir18-like, Vir18-related and Vir4 in P. vivax, circumsporozoite protein/thrombospondin related anonymous proteins, 28 kDa ookinete surface protein, yir1, and yir4 of P. yoelii. Among these, a few proteins identified by MAAP were matched with those identified by other groups using different experimental and theoretical strategies. Most other interspersed repeat proteins in Plasmodium species had lower P(maap) scores. These new predictions could serve as new leads for further experimental characterization (MAAP webserver: http://maap.igib.res.in).
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Alam Ansari
- G. N. Ramachandran Knowledge Centre for Genome Informatics, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110 007, India
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Mongui A, Perez-Leal O, Rojas-Caraballo J, Angel DI, Cortes J, Patarroyo MA. Identifying and characterising the Plasmodium falciparum RhopH3 Plasmodium vivax homologue. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 358:861-6. [PMID: 17511961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2007] [Accepted: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Four Plasmodium species cause malaria in humans, Plasmodium falciparum being the most widely studied to date. All Plasmodium species have paired club-shaped organelles towards their apical extreme named rhoptries that contain many lipids and proteins which are released during target cell invasion. P. falciparum RhopH3 is a rhoptry protein triggering important immune responses in patients from endemic regions. It has also been shown that anti-RhopH3 antibodies inhibit in vitro invasion of erythrocytes. Recent immunisation studies in mice with the Plasmodium yoelii and Plasmodium berghei RhopH3 P. falciparum homologue proteins found that they are able to induce protection in murine models. This study described identifying and characterising RhopH3 protein in Plasmodium vivax; it is encoded by a seven exon gene and expressed during the parasite's asexual stage. PvRhopH3 has similar processing to its homologue in P. falciparum and presents a cellular immunolocalisation pattern characteristic of rhoptry proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Mongui
- Molecular Biology Department, Fundacion Instituto de Inmunologia de Colombia, Carrera 50#26-00, Bogota, Colombia
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