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Putot A, Guyot C, Manckoundia P, Van Wymelbeke-Delannoy V. Association of body mass index with long-term outcomes in older adults hospitalized for COVID-19: an observational study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7512. [PMID: 38553629 PMCID: PMC10980698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Both underweight and obesity have been associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19. In an older populations of patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection, we aimed to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and short and long-term prognosis. Among 434 consecutive patients aged ≥ 70 years and hospitalized for suspected COVID-19 at a university hospital, 219 patients (median age of 83 years, 53% male) testing positive for COVID-19 and for whom BMI was recorded at admission, agreed to participate. Among them, 39 had a BMI < 20 kg/m2, 73 had a BMI between 20 and 24.9 kg/m2 and 107 had a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. After adjustment for confounders, BMI < 20 kg/m2 was associated with a higher risk of one-year mortality (hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval]: 1.75 [1.00-3.05], p = 0.048), while BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 was not (HR: 1.04 [0.64-1.69], p = 0.9). However, BMI was linearly correlated with both in-hospital acute respiratory failure (p = 0.02) and cardiovascular events (p = 0.07). In this cohort of older patients hospitalized for COVID-19, low BMI, rather than high BMI, appears as an independent risk factor for death after COVID-19. The pathophysiological patterns underlying this excess mortality remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Putot
- Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpitaux du Pays du Mont Blanc, Sallanches, France.
- Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Besançon, France.
- Service de Médecine Interne Gériatrie, Pôle Personnes Agées, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France.
| | - Charline Guyot
- Unité de Recherche Nutrition, Pôle Personnes Agées, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Patrick Manckoundia
- Service de Médecine Interne Gériatrie, Pôle Personnes Agées, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- INSERM U1093 Cognition Action Plasticité, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Virginie Van Wymelbeke-Delannoy
- Unité de Recherche Nutrition, Pôle Personnes Agées, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de L'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
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Wu JY, Liu MY, Lee MC, Hung KC, Hsu WH, Tsai YW, Liu TH, Huang PY, Chuang MH, Tseng SC, Lu CY, Lai CC. The clinical outcomes and effectiveness of antiviral agents among underweight patients with COVID-19. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38178687 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2024.2303017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the outcomes of underweight patients with COVID-19 and the effectiveness of antiviral agents in this population. METHODS A retrospective cohort study using theTriNetX research network was conducted. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to balance the first cohort involving COVID-19 patients with underweight and normal-weight. In the second cohort, underweight patients receiving antiviral agents and untreated individuals were matched using PSM. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause hospitalization and death during the 7-30-day follow-up period. RESULTS After PSM, the first cohort including each group of 13,502 patients with balanced baseline characteristics were identified for comparing the outcome of patients with underweight and normal weight. The underweight group had a higher risk of the composite primary outcome than those with normal weight (hazard ratio [HR], 1.251; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.132-1.382). The second cohort included each 884 underweight patients with and without receiving antivirals.Compared with untreated patients, those receiving antiviral treatment had a lower risk of composite primary outcomes (HR, 0.426; 95% CI, 0.278-0.653). CONCLUSION Underweight status may be associated with a higher risk of all-cause hospitalization and death in patients with COVID-19.Among underweight patients, antiviral agents demonstrated clinically beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jheng-Yan Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yuan Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Food Nutrition, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chuan Lee
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chi Mei Medical Centre, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chuan Hung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Tsai
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hui Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiang Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ching Tseng
- Department of Examination Room, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
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Giani A, Xu H, Eriksdotter M, Fantin F, Zamboni M, Bäck M, Religa D. Natural Course of Aortic Stenosis in Older Subjects: Effects of COVID-19. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:1594.e1-1594.e9. [PMID: 37696497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Both aortic stenosis (AS) and COVID-19 affect the morbidity and mortality burden among older adults. The aim of the study was to examine whether aortic stenosis (AS) affects the prognosis after SARS-CoV-2 infection and whether COVID-19 affects AS prognosis, in a cohort of older adults hospitalized with and without COVID-19. DESIGN Observational study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Patients admitted to 9 geriatric clinics in Stockholm from March 2020 to November 2021. METHODS AS and COVID-19 diagnoses were identified by electronic health records; the outcomes were mortality at 30 days and any time during a median follow-up of 630 days. The associations between AS, COVID-19, and mortality were assessed by using Royston-Parmar models adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, and admission waves. RESULTS Among 28,974 patients, 85 had concomitant AS and COVID-19, 529 had only AS, and 5033 had only COVID-19. Both at 30 days and at any time, as compared to patients without, concomitant AS and COVID-19 subjects had a higher mortality rate (438.4 per 100 py, 95% CI 296.2-648.8, and 72.9, 95% CI 53.7-99.0, respectively) and a higher death risk (adjusted HR 5.5, 95% CI 3.7-8.2; and 2.8, 95% CI 2.1-3.9). AS patients presented increased mortality HR both in the presence and absence of COVID-19 at 30 days (1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.4; and 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.2, respectively) and at any time (1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.1; 1.4, 95% CI 1.2-1.7, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS AS was a significant mortality risk factor, independent of concomitant COVID-19. Careful AS management should always be pursued, even in acute and post-acute phases of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Giani
- Translational Cardiology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Section of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatric and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Hong Xu
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Maria Eriksdotter
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesco Fantin
- Section of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Zamboni
- Section of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatric and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Magnus Bäck
- Translational Cardiology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology Huddinge, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dorota Religa
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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De Meester D, Goossens M, Marco E, Claessens M, Gautier J, Annweiler C, Lieten S, Benoit F, Surquin M, Sánchez-Rodríguez D. Evaluation of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index in predicting mortality in older patients with COVID-19 in the AgeBru cohort. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:65-72. [PMID: 37739719 PMCID: PMC10290730 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) on hospital admission was associated to an increased 14-day and 12-month mortality-risk in older inpatients with COVID-19. METHODS Cohort study of consecutive inpatients admitted with COVID-19 in a university hospital (20/03/2020-11/05/2021). INCLUSION CRITERIA age over 65 years and positive polymerase chain reaction test. EXCLUSION CRITERIA missing data for weight, height, and/or albumin, hospital-acquired COVID-19, or patients transferred to other health facilities. OUTCOME all-cause mortality at 14-day and 12-month follow-up. GNRI [1.489 × albumin (g/L)] + [41.7 (weight/ideal body weight)] was assessed at admission; scores ≤98 indicated risk of malnutrition. Cox-proportional hazards models assessed the association between the admission GNRI and 14-day and 12-month mortality-risk, after adjusting by demographic and clinical variables, including inflammation (C-reactive protein). RESULTS Of the 570 eligible patients, 224 (mean age 78 years; 52.2% women) met inclusion criteria and 151 (67.4%) were classified at risk of malnutrition. Twenty patients died during the 14-day and 42 during the 12-month follow-up. The risk of 14-day mortality was nearly 10 times higher in patients with GNRI scores ≤98 (HR = 9.6 [95%CI 1.3-71.6], P = 0.028); this association was marginally significant in the adjusted model (HR = 6.73 [95%CI 0.89-51.11], P = 0.065)]. No association between GNRI and the 12-month mortality-risk was found. CONCLUSIONS The GNRI may play a role in the short-term prognosis of older inpatients with COVID-19. Further studies are required to confirm the short-term predictive validity of the GNRI within this population (Clinicaltrials.gov_NCT05276752).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien De Meester
- Department of Geriatrics, Onze Lieve Vrouw Ziekehuis (OLV) Aalst, Aalst, Belgium
| | | | - Ester Marco
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Parc de Salut Mar (Hospital Del Mar, Hospital de L'Esperança), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Rehabilitation Research Group, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marie Claessens
- Geriatrics Department, Brugmann University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Gautier
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Cédric Annweiler
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, University Hospital, Angers, France; University of Angers, UPRES EA, 4638, Angers, France; Gérontopôle Autonomie Longévité des Pays de La Loire, F-44000, Nantes, France; Robarts Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5K8, Canada
| | - Siddhartha Lieten
- Department of Geriatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Jette, Belgium
| | - Florence Benoit
- Geriatrics Department, Brugmann University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Murielle Surquin
- Geriatrics Department, Brugmann University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dolores Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Rehabilitation Research Group, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Geriatrics Department, Brugmann University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Geriatrics Department, Parc de Salut Mar (Centre Fòrum-Hospital Del Mar), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculo-Skeletal Health and Ageing, Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Yoshida J, Setoguchi K, Shiraishi K, Kikuchi T, Tanaka M. The obesity paradox in Japanese COVID-19 patients. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:1508-1512. [PMID: 37790846 PMCID: PMC10542187 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.86933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the effect of obesity on mortality and invasive respiratory care (IRC) in patients with COVID-19. Methods: We studied 1,105 patients for 34 months and collected data. The primary outcome was all-cause death at 29 days. The secondary outcome was IRC indicated by a pulse oximetry rate below 93% at a mask oxygenation rate of 5 L/min or more. Results: Age- and sex-adjusted multivariate regression analysis for 29-day deaths showed the significance of body mass index (BMI) > 19.6 kg/m2 (odds ratio 0.117, 95% confidence interval 0.052-0.265, P<0.001). The graphs with BMI in the abscissa showed, within a BMI between 11 and 25 kg/m2, a decreasing pattern for mortality and IRC rate, and no increase in overweight. Conclusion: In Japanese COVID-19 patients, the risk of mortality and the IRC rate decreased in underweight patients and remained low in overweight patients, suggesting the importance of the obesity paradox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Yoshida
- Infection Control Committee, Shimonoseki City Hospital, Shimonoseki, Japan
| | - Kaoru Setoguchi
- Infection Control Committee, Shimonoseki City Hospital, Shimonoseki, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shimonoseki City Hospital, Shimonoseki, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Shiraishi
- Infection Control Committee, Shimonoseki City Hospital, Shimonoseki, Japan
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kikuchi
- Infection Control Committee, Shimonoseki City Hospital, Shimonoseki, Japan
| | - Masao Tanaka
- Infection Control Committee, Shimonoseki City Hospital, Shimonoseki, Japan
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Cacciatore S, Spadafora L, Bernardi M, Galli M, Betti M, Perone F, Nicolaio G, Marzetti E, Martone AM, Landi F, Asher E, Banach M, Hanon O, Biondi-Zoccai G, Sabouret P. Management of Coronary Artery Disease in Older Adults: Recent Advances and Gaps in Evidence. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5233. [PMID: 37629275 PMCID: PMC10455820 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is highly prevalent in older adults, yet its management remains challenging. Treatment choices are made complex by the frailty burden of older patients, a high prevalence of comorbidities and body composition abnormalities (e.g., sarcopenia), the complexity of coronary anatomy, and the frequent presence of multivessel disease, as well as the coexistence of major ischemic and bleeding risk factors. Recent randomized clinical trials and epidemiological studies have provided new data on optimal management of complex patients with CAD. However, frail older adults are still underrepresented in the literature. This narrative review aims to highlight the importance of assessing frailty as an aid to guide therapeutic decision-making and tailor CAD management to the specific needs of older adults, taking into account age-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes, polypharmacy, and potential drug interactions. We also discuss gaps in the evidence and offer perspectives on how best in the future to optimize the global strategy of CAD management in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cacciatore
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Spadafora
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Bernardi
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Galli
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Matteo Betti
- University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Monzino IRCCS Cardiological Center, 20137 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Perone
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Rehabilitation Clinic “Villa delle Magnolie”, 81020 Castel Morrone, Caserta, Italy
| | - Giulia Nicolaio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Largo Giovanni Alessandro Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Martone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Elad Asher
- The Jesselson Integrated Heart Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, P.O. Box 12271, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Medical University of Lodz (MUL), 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Olivier Hanon
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Geriatric Department, Broca Hospital, University of Paris Cité, 54–56 Rue Pascal, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Via Orazio 2, 80122 Naples, Italy
| | - Pierre Sabouret
- Heart Institute, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, ACTION-Group, Sorbonne University, 47–83 Bd de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
- Department of Cardiology, National College of French Cardiologists, 13 Rue Niépce, 75014 Paris, France
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Wang X, Deng W, Zhao J, Guo Y, Lai H, Hu Y, Kang W, Li Y, Zuo J. Improving Nutritional Status Was Associated with Decreasing Disease Severity and Shortening of Negative Conversion Time of PCR Test in Non-ICU Patients with COVID-19. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:4443-4452. [PMID: 37435236 PMCID: PMC10332416 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s409615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nutrition is an important prevention in old patients with COVID-19. However, in China, there are few studies on the correlation between nutrition and COVID-19. Methods A total of 148 hospitalized COVID-19 (65.7 ± 16.0 [range: from 21 to 101] years old) patients were enrolled in this study. The information of demographic, biochemical results, vaccination doses, types of COVID-19, PCR test negative conversion time, and scores of Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) for evaluating nutritional status were recorded. We first explored the relationships between MNA-SF performance and the severities of COVID-19 in the groups with non-vaccinated, vaccinated, and all the patients using multivariable ordinal logistic regression. Further, we explored the relationships between performance of MNA-SF and the time of negative conversion of PCR in the groups with non-vaccinated, vaccinated, and all the patients using COX proportional hazards survival regression. Results Group of patients with malnutrition or at risk of malnutrition group was associated with older of the age, those who had not been vaccinated, in fewer people who were asymptomatic type and in more people who showed longer of the negative conversion time of PCR, lower of the BMI, and the lower of the hemoglobin level. Each additional increase of one point of MNA-SF was associated with a 17% decrease in the odds of a worse type of COVID-19 in all patients, and the significant result exists in non-vaccinated patients. One point increase of MNA-SF was associated with increased 11% of hazard ratios of turning negative of PCR and well-nourished group was associated with increased 46% of hazard ratio of turning negative of PCR. Conclusion Higher nutrition is associated with less severity of COVID-19, especially in the non-vaccinated group. Higher nutrition is also associated with shorter time of turning negative of PCR in non-ICU COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Wang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiping Deng
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiehui Zhao
- Department of General Practice, Daning Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongchao Guo
- Department of Nutrition, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haifang Lai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yueliang Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Kang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junli Zuo
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China
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Zotti S, Luci I, Finamore P, Travaglino F, Pedone C, Antonelli Incalzi R. Handgrip Strength Test and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in SARS-CoV-2 Patients Admitted to Sub-Intensive Unit. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081979. [PMID: 37111197 PMCID: PMC10142194 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hospitalized patients with respiratory failure due to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia are at increased risk of malnutrition and related mortality. The predictive value of the Mini-Nutritional Assessment short form (MNA-sf®), hand-grip strength (HGS), and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was determined with respect to in-hospital mortality or endotracheal intubation. The study included 101 patients admitted to a sub-intensive care unit from November 2021 to April 2022. The discriminative capacity of MNA-sf, HGS, and body composition parameters (skeletal mass index and phase angle) was assessed computing the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC). Analyses were stratified by age groups (<70/70+ years). The MNA-sf alone or in combination with HGS or BIA was not able to reliably predict our outcome. In younger participants, HGS showed a sensitivity of 0.87 and a specificity of 0.54 (AUC: 0.77). In older participants, phase angle (AUC: 0.72) was the best predictor and MNA-sf in combination with HGS had an AUC of 0.66. In our sample, MNA- sf alone, or in combination with HGS and BIA was not useful to predict our outcome in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Phase angle and HGS may be useful tools to predict worse outcomes in older and younger patients, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Zotti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Internship Program in Geriatrics, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Isabella Luci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Internship Program in Geriatrics, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Panaiotis Finamore
- Operative Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Travaglino
- Operative Research Unit of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Claudio Pedone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit of Geriatrics, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Geriatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi
- Operative Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit of Geriatrics, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
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9
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Dramé M, Godaert L. The Obesity Paradox and Mortality in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071780. [PMID: 37049633 PMCID: PMC10096985 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
“Obesity paradox” describes the counterintuitive finding that aged overweight and obese people with a particular disease may have better outcomes than their normal weight or underweight counterparts. This systematic review was performed to summarize the publications related to the obesity paradox in older adults, to gain an in-depth understanding of this phenomenon. PubMed©, Embase©, and Scopus© were used to perform literature search for all publications up to 20 March 2022. Studies were included if they reported data from older adults on the relation between BMI and mortality. The following article types were excluded from the study: reviews, editorials, correspondence, and case reports and case series. Publication year, study setting, medical condition, study design, sample size, age, and outcome(s) were extracted. This review has been registered with PROSPERO (no. CRD42021289015). Overall, 2226 studies were identified, of which 58 were included in this systematic review. In all, 20 of the 58 studies included in this review did not find any evidence of an obesity paradox. Of these 20 studies, 16 involved patients with no specific medical condition, 1 involved patients with chronic diseases, and 2 involved patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Seven out of the nine studies that looked at short-term mortality found evidence of the obesity paradox. Of the 28 studies that examined longer-term mortality, 15 found evidence of the obesity paradox. In the studies that were conducted in people with a particular medical condition (n = 24), the obesity paradox appeared in 18 cases. Our work supports the existence of an obesity paradox, especially when comorbidities or acute medical problems are present. These findings should help guide strategies for nutritional counselling in older populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustapha Dramé
- EpiCliV Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of the French West Indies, 97261 Fort-de-France, France
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, University Hospitals of Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France
| | - Lidvine Godaert
- EpiCliV Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of the French West Indies, 97261 Fort-de-France, France
- Department of Geriatrics, General Hospital of Valenciennes, 59300 Valenciennes, France
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10
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Gabbrielli R, Pugno NM. The impact of mean body mass index on reported mortality from COVID-19 across 181 countries. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1106313. [PMID: 36992892 PMCID: PMC10042264 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1106313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Accountability for global health issues such as a pandemic and its devastating consequences are usually ascribed to a virus, but a comprehensive view should also take into account the state of the host. Data suggests that excessive nutrition is to blame for a yet unknown but not negligible portion of deaths attributed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We analyzed the correlation between mean body mass index (BMI) and 2-year coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality rates reported by 181 countries worldwide. Almost two thirds of the countries included had a mean BMI greater or equal to 25, with death rates ranging from 3 to 6,280 per million. Death rates in countries with a mean BMI below 25 ranged from 3 to 1,533. When the analysis was restricted to countries where the extent of testing was deemed more representative of actual mortality, only 20.1% had a mean BMI <25 but the mortality difference persisted. A second analysis looking at pre-vaccination mortality obtained from a different source led to similar conclusions. Due to the nature of the variables, reverse causation can be excluded while common causation can not. A mean BMI <25 for a country seems to spare its citizens from the highest COVID-19 mortality rates. The impact of excess weight on global COVID-19 mortality is suspected to have been much higher than what currently perceived, here estimated at no less than a fourfold increase in mortality. Countries with normal mean BMI constitute precious test beds for the quantification of the effects of overeating on COVID-19 mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggero Gabbrielli
- Laboratory for Bioinspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials and Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ruggero Gabbrielli
| | - Nicola Maria Pugno
- Laboratory for Bioinspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials and Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Boaz M, Kaufman-Shriqui V. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Malnutrition and In-Hospital Death in Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051298. [PMID: 36904295 PMCID: PMC10005527 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition and increased malnutrition risk are frequently identified in hospitalized adults. The increase in hospitalization rates during the COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by the documentation of adverse hospitalization outcomes in the presence of certain co-morbidities, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. It was not clear whether the presence of malnutrition increased in-hospital death in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. OBJECTIVES To estimate the effect of malnutrition on in-hospital mortality in adults hospitalized with COVID-19; and secondarily, to estimate the prevalence of malnutrition in adults hospitalized with malnutrition during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Collaboration databases were queried using the search terms malnutrition and COVID-19 and hospitalized adults and mortality. Studies were reviewed using the 14-question Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs (QATSDD) (questions appropriate for quantitative studies). Author names; date of publication; country; sample size; malnutrition prevalence; malnutrition screening/diagnostic method; number of deaths in malnourished patients; and number of deaths in adequately nourished patients were extracted. Data were analyzed using MedCalc software v20.210 (Ostend, Belgium). The Q and I2 tests were calculated; a forest plot was generated, and the pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated using the random effects model. RESULTS Of the 90 studies identified, 12 were finally included in the meta-analysis. In the random effects model, malnutrition or increased malnutrition risk increased odds of in-hospital death by more than three-fold: OR 3.43 (95% CI 2.549-4.60), p < 0.001. The pooled prevalence estimate for malnutrition or increased malnutrition risk was 52.61% (95% CI 29.50-75.14%). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS It is clear that malnutrition is an ominous prognostic sign in patients hospitalized with COVID. This meta-analysis, which included studies from nine countries on four continents with data from 354,332 patients, is generalizable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Boaz
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +972-50-212-9666
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12
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Kang MG, Choi JY, Yoo HJ, Park SY, Kim Y, Kim JY, Kim SW, Kim CH, Kim KI. Impact of malnutrition evaluated by the mini nutritional assessment on the prognosis of acute hospitalized older adults. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1046985. [PMID: 36687683 PMCID: PMC9849807 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1046985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malnutrition is prevalent among hospitalized older patients. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between nutritional status [assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and serum albumin levels] and adverse outcomes in hospitalized older patients. We also aimed to compare the predictive utility of our findings. Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2016 and June 2020. In total, 808 older patients (aged ≥ 65 years, mean age 82.8 ± 6.70 years, 45.9% male) admitted to the acute geriatric unit were included in our sample. Comprehensive geriatric assessments, including the MNA, were performed. Malnutrition and risk of malnutrition were defined as MNA < 17, albumin < 3.5 g/dL and 17 ≤ MNA ≤ 24, 3.5 g/dL ≤ albumin < 3.9 g/dL, respectively. The primary outcome was that patients could not be discharged to their own homes. The secondary outcomes were overall all-cause mortality, 3-month all-cause mortality, and incidence of geriatric syndrome, including delirium, falls, and newly developed or worsening pressure sores during hospitalization. Results Poor nutritional status was associated with older age; female sex; admission from the emergency room; high risk of pressure sores and falls; lower physical and cognitive function; higher depressive score; and lower serum albumin, protein, cholesterol, and hemoglobin levels. In the fully adjusted model, malnutrition assessed using the MNA predicted discharge to nursing homes or long-term care hospitals [odds ratio (OR) 5.822, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.092-16.199, P = 0.001], geriatric syndrome (OR 2.069, 95% CI: 1.007-4.249, P = 0.048), and 3-month mortality (OR 3.519, 95% CI: 1.254-9.872, P = 0.017). However, malnutrition assessed using albumin levels could only predict 3-month mortality (OR 3.848, 95% CI: 1.465-10.105, P = 0.006). The MNA predicted 3-month mortality with higher precision than serum albumin levels (P = 0.034) when comparing the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Conclusion Nutritional risk measured by the MNA was an independent predictor of various negative outcomes in hospitalized older patients. Poor nutritional status assessed by serum albumin levels, the most widely used biochemical marker, could predict mortality, but not the development of geriatric syndrome or discharge location reflecting functional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-gu Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Bitgoeul Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yeon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Yoo
- Department of Nursing, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Young Park
- Department of Nursing, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Kim
- Department of Nutrition Care Service, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Kwang-il Kim,
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13
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Ponce J, Anzalone AJ, Bailey K, Sayles H, Timmerman M, Jackson M, McClay J, Hanson C. Impact of malnutrition on clinical outcomes in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2022; 46:1797-1807. [PMID: 35672915 PMCID: PMC9347569 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now the third leading cause of death in the United States. Malnutrition in hospitalized patients increases risk of complications. However, the effect of malnutrition on outcomes in patients infected is unclear. This study aims to identify the impact of malnutrition on mortality and adverse hospital events in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. METHODS This study used data from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C), a COVID-19 repository containing harmonized, longitudinal electronic health record data from US health systems. Malnutrition was categorized into three groups based on condition diagnosis: (1) none documented, (2) history of malnutrition, and (3) hospital-acquired malnutrition. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine whether malnutrition was associated with mortality and adverse events, including mechanical ventilation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and hospital-acquired pressure injury, in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. RESULTS Of 343,188 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, 11,206 had a history of malnutrition and 15,711 had hospital-acquired malnutrition. After adjustment for potential confounders, odds of mortality were significantly higher in patients with a history of malnutrition (odds ratio [OR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.63-1.79; P < 0.001) and hospital-acquired malnutrition (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 2.4-2.6; P < 0.001). Adjusted odds of adverse hospital events were also significantly elevated in both malnutrition groups. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate the risk of mortality and adverse inpatient events in adults with COVID-19 is significantly higher in patients with malnutrition. Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of malnutrition could be a key component in improving outcomes in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Ponce
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Allied Health Professions, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Nutrition Care, Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Alfred Jerrod Anzalone
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Great Plains IDeA-CTR, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Kristina Bailey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Veterans Administration Nebraska-Iowa Health Systems, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Harlan Sayles
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Public Health, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Megan Timmerman
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Allied Health Professions, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Nutrition Care, Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Mariah Jackson
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Allied Health Professions, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - James McClay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Corrine Hanson
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Allied Health Professions, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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14
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Ghasemi H, Darvishi N, Salari N, Hosseinian-Far A, Akbari H, Mohammadi M. Global prevalence of polypharmacy among the COVID-19 patients: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Trop Med Health 2022; 50:60. [PMID: 36042531 PMCID: PMC9427437 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-022-00456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polypharmacy has traditionally been defined in various texts as the use of 5 or more chronic drugs, the use of inappropriate drugs, or drugs that are not clinically authorized. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of polypharmacy among the COVID-19 patients, and the side effects, by systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods This study was performed by systematic review method and in accordance with PRISMA 2020 criteria. The protocol in this work is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021281552). Particular databases and repositories have been searched to identify and select relevant studies. The quality of articles was assessed based on the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale checklist. Heterogeneity of the studies was measured using the I2 test. Results The results of meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of polypharmacy in 14 studies with a sample size of 189,870 patients with COVID-19 is 34.6% (95% CI: 29.6–40). Studies have shown that polypharmacy is associated with side effects, increased morbidity and mortality among patients with COVID-19. The results of meta-regression analysis reported that with increasing age of COVID-19 patients, the prevalence of polypharmacy increases (p < 0.05). Discussion The most important strength of this study is the updated search to June 2022 and the use of all databases to increase the accuracy and sensitivity of the study. The most important limitation of this study is the lack of proper definition of polypharmacy in some studies and not mentioning the number of drugs used for patients in these studies. Conclusion Polypharmacy is seen in many patients with COVID-19. Since there is no definitive cure for COVID-19, the multiplicity of drugs used to treat this disease can affect the severity of the disease and its side effects as a result of drug interactions. This highlights the importance of controlling and managing prescription drugs for patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Ghasemi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Niloofar Darvishi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nader Salari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amin Hosseinian-Far
- Department of Business Systems and Operations, University of Northampton, Northampton, UK
| | - Hakimeh Akbari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Masoud Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran.
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15
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Ting THY, Lo THM, Lo WWT, Ding Q, Yuk DKL, Hui E, Tang MWS. Inadequate energy and protein intake, underweight and malnutrition are associated with in‐hospital mortality among
COVID
‐19 rehabilitation patients during the omicron outbreak in Hong Kong. Aging Med (Milton) 2022; 5:204-210. [PMID: 36247341 PMCID: PMC9539165 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Malnourished COVID‐19 patients were prone to higher mortality and longer length of stay (LOS). This study aims to investigate the malnutrition risk prevalence in the COVID‐19 patients and how other nutritional indicators are related to the clinical outcomes in a rehabilitation hospital. Methods A retrospective cross‐sectional study involved 174 COVID‐19 patients during the rehabilitation phase. Malnutrition risk, nutritional indicators, mortality, and LOS were compared among different risk groups. Albumin, nutrition intake, and body mass index (BMI) were investigated for their effects on the clinical outcomes. Results The prevalence of malnutrition risk was 94.9%; those older were higher in malnutrition risk. BMI, energy and protein intakes decreased as the malnutrition risk increased. Albumin, energy and protein intakes were lower in the death group. The high malnutrition risk group and severely underweight patients had 2.7 times and 2.2 times higher in‐hospital death, respectively. For subjects ≥75 years old, the odds ratio to death was 6.2 compared to those <75 years old. Conclusion We observed a high malnutrition risk of 94.9% in COVID‐19 patients. Patients with malnutrition risk had a lower BMI, lower nutritional intake, and a higher chance of in‐hospital death. These results reinforced the importance of nutrition management in COVID‐19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qi Ding
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics Shatin Hospital Hong Kong China
| | - Daniel Ka Lok Yuk
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics Shatin Hospital Hong Kong China
| | - Elsie Hui
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics Shatin Hospital Hong Kong China
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16
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de Blasio F, Scalfi L, Castellucci B, Sacco AM, Berlingieri GM, Capitelli L, Alicante P, Sanduzzi A, Bocchino M. Poor Nutritional Status and Dynapenia Are Highly Prevalent in Post-Acute COVID-19. Front Nutr 2022; 9:888485. [PMID: 35719154 PMCID: PMC9205211 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.888485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor nutritional status is common (estimated prevalence 5–69%) in acute coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), and has been associated with hospitalization, the need for intensive care, and mortality. Body composition (BC) and muscle function have also been related in such patients to poor disease outcomes. As the evidence in the literature is limited, a cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the frequency of malnutrition in a cohort of post-acute COVID-19 patients referred to a rehabilitation center after hospital discharge. BC and muscle strength were assessed and the differences between bedridden and not bedridden patients were specifically evaluated. The study sample was composed of 144 post-acute COVID-19 patients (mean age 64.8 years; males = 95), 37% of whom were bedridden (males = 60%). Nutritional status was evaluated with Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and Controlling Nutritional status (CONUT). Fat-free mass (FFM) and skeletal muscle mass (SM) were estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Raw BIA variables (phase angle = PhA and impedance ratios = IRs) were also determined and handgrip strength (HGS) was measured. Dynapenia was identified according to the 2019 EWGSOP criteria. According to MNA, 18% (n. 26) of patients were malnourished and 62% (n. 89) were at risk of malnutrition. As for CONUT, 21% (n. 31) of cases had moderate–severe malnutrition and 58% (n. 83) had light malnutrition. Abnormalities of raw BIA variables (low PhA and high IRs) and low HGS were more common in bedridden patients, in those who were malnourished, or had low FFM or SM. Dynapenic patients were 65% men and 47% women. In conclusion, malnutrition, BC alterations, and low HGS occur in post-acute COVID-19 patients and are more common in bedridden patients. Further studies are needed to identify reliable algorithms for assessing nutritional status in post-acute COVID-19 patients undergoing rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco de Blasio
- Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Clinic Center, Private Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Scalfi
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Bianca Castellucci
- Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Clinic Center, Private Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Sacco
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Ludovica Capitelli
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Alicante
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sanduzzi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Bocchino
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marialuisa Bocchino
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17
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Kawada T. In-hospital mortality risk of older patients with COVID-19 infection. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2022; 23:1119. [PMID: 35659887 PMCID: PMC9108068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Can B, Senturk Durmus N, Olgun Yıldızeli S, Kocakaya D, Ilhan B, Tufan A. Nutrition risk assessed by Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 is associated with in-hospital mortality in older patients with COVID-19. Nutr Clin Pract 2022; 37:605-614. [PMID: 35488891 PMCID: PMC9347896 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although numerous studies have been performed to determine predictors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality, studies that address the geriatric age group are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) and the Geriatric 8 (G8) screening tools in predicting clinical outcomes in older adults hospitalized with COVID-19. METHODS Patients aged ≥60 years who were hospitalized with COVID-19 in the second wave of the pandemic were included in the study. COVID-19 infection was demonstrated by a positive real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction on nasopharyngeal swab or positive radiological findings. Disease severity was determined as defined by the National Institutes of Health. Patient demographics, laboratory values on admission, comorbidities, and medications were recorded. The NRS-2002 and the G8 screening tools were performed for all patients by the same geriatrician. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. RESULTS A total of 121 patients were included. Mean age was 75 ± 9 years, and 51% were female. Mean body mass index was 27 ± 4.5 kg/m2 . Sixty-nine percent of the patients had nutrition risk according to the NRS-2002. Eighty-nine percent of the patients had a G8 score ≤14. In-hospital mortality occurred in 26 (22%) patients. Older age and having nutrition risk as determined by the NRS-2002 were independently associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality in older patients with COVID-19. CONCLUSION The NRS-2002 tool provides rapid assessment for risk stratification in hospitalized older patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Can
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurdan Senturk Durmus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sehnaz Olgun Yıldızeli
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Kocakaya
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Birkan Ilhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asli Tufan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Liu K, Wang X, Song G. Association of epicardial adipose tissue with the severity and adverse clinical outcomes of COVID-19: A meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2022:S1201-9712(22)00212-0. [PMID: 35421580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been proposed to be an independent predictor of visceral adiposity. EAT measures are associated with coronary artery disease, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which are risk factors for COVID-19 poor prognosis. Whether EAT measures are related to COVID-19 severity and prognosis is controversial. Methods We searched 6 databases for studies until January 7, 2022. The pooled effects are presented as the standard mean difference (SMD) or weighted mean difference with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The primary end point was COVID-19 severity. Adverse clinical outcomes were also assessed. Results A total of 13 studies with 2482 patients with COVID-19 were identified. All patients had positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction results. All quantitative EAT measures were based on computed tomography. Patients in the severe group had higher EAT measures compared with the nonsevere group (SMD = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.29–1.18, P = 0.001). Patients with hospitalization requirement, requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, admitted to intensive care unit, or with combined adverse outcomes had higher EAT measures compared to their controls (all P < 0.001). Conclusions EAT measures were associated with the severity and adverse clinical outcomes of COVID-19. EAT measures might help in prognostic risk stratification of patients with COVID-19.
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Kananen L, Religa D, Eriksdotter M, Hägg S, Julhävä J, Cederholm T. Response to Letter to the Editor: Comment on "Body mass index and Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form as predictors of in-geriatric hospital mortality in older adults with COVID-19" (by Café Balcı, MD, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Division of Geriatric Medicine). Clin Nutr 2021; 41:573-574. [PMID: 35027222 PMCID: PMC8695347 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kananen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Dorota Religa
- Division Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Maria Eriksdotter
- Division Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juulia Julhävä
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- Division Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Balcı C. Letter to the editor: Comment on "Body mass index and mini nutritional assessment-short form as predictors of in-geriatric hospital mortality in older adults with COVID-19". Clin Nutr 2021; 41:572. [PMID: 35000767 PMCID: PMC8673955 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cafer Balcı
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Division of Geriatric Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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