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He Z, Xie L, Liu J, Wei X, Zhang W, Mei Z. Novel insight into the role of A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) in ischemic stroke and therapeutic potentials. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116715. [PMID: 38739993 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, a devastating disease associated with high mortality and disability worldwide, has emerged as an urgent public health issue. A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) are a group of signal-organizing molecules that compartmentalize and anchor a wide range of receptors and effector proteins and have a major role in stabilizing mitochondrial function and promoting neurodevelopmental development in the central nervous system (CNS). Growing evidence suggests that dysregulation of AKAPs expression and activity is closely associated with oxidative stress, ion disorder, mitochondrial dysfunction, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment in ischemic stroke. However, the underlying mechanisms remain inadequately understood. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the composition and structure of A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) family members, emphasizing their physiological functions in the CNS. We explored in depth the molecular and cellular mechanisms of AKAP complexes in the pathological progression and risk factors of ischemic stroke, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, lipid metabolism disorders, and atrial fibrillation. Herein, we highlight the potential of AKAP complexes as a pharmacological target against ischemic stroke in the hope of inspiring translational research and innovative clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu He
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Letian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China.
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China.
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Yang M, Zhang X, Qiao O, Zhang J, Li X, Ma X, Zhou S, Gao W. Effect of Cerebralcare Granule® combined with memantine on Alzheimer's disease. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 323:117609. [PMID: 38142875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In elderly people, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. It has been shown that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) based on phytomedicines enhances the therapeutic effects of modern medicine when taken in conjunction with them. Modern medicine N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) antagonist memantine (Mm) are mainly used in the clinical treatment of AD. TCM Cerebralcare Granule® (CG) has long been an effective treatment for headaches, dizziness, and other symptoms. In this study, we employ a blend of CG and Mm to address Alzheimer's disease-like symptoms and explore their impacts and underlying mechanisms. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of our study was to observe the effects of CG combined with Memantine (Mm) on learning and memory impairment of AD mice induced by D-galactose and to explore the mechanism at work. MATERIALS AND METHODS CG and Mm were combined to target multiple pathological processes involved in AD. For a thorough analysis, we performed various experiments such as behavioral detection, pathological detection, proteomic detection, and other experimental methods of detection. RESULTS It was found that the combination of CG and Mm was significantly effective for improving learning and memory in AD mice as well as brain pathology. The serum and hippocampal tissue of AD mice were significantly enhanced with catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were decreased with this treatment. In AD mice, a combination of Mm and CG (CG + Mm) significantly increased the levels of the anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10, decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), improved synaptic plasticity by restoring synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) expression in the hippocampus, enhanced Aβ phagocytosis of microglia in AD mice, and increased mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme complexes I, II, III, and IV, lead to an increase in the number of functionally active NMDA receptors in the hippocampus. Proteomic analysis GO analysis showed that the positive regulation gene H3BIV5 of G protein coupled receptor signal pathway and synaptic transmission was up-regulated, while the transsynaptic signal of postsynaptic membrane potential and regulation-related gene Q5NCT9 were down-regulated. Most proteins showed significant enriched signal transduction pathway profiles after CG + Mm treatment, based on the KEGG pathway database. CONCLUSION The data supported the idea that CG and Mm could be more effective in treating AD mice induced by D-galactose than Mm alone. We provided a basis for the clinical use of CG with Mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ou Qiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Tasly Academy, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Tasly Academy, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Tasly Academy, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Shuiping Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Tasly Academy, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China.
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Kumar M, Sharma S, Kumar J, Barik S, Mazumder S. Mitochondrial electron transport chain in macrophage reprogramming: Potential role in antibacterial immune response. Curr Res Immunol 2024; 5:100077. [PMID: 38572399 PMCID: PMC10987323 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2024.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages restrain microbial infection and reinstate tissue homeostasis. The mitochondria govern macrophage metabolism and serve as pivot in innate immunity, thus acting as immunometabolic regulon. Metabolic pathways produce electron flows that end up in mitochondrial electron transport chain (mtETC), made of super-complexes regulating multitude of molecular and biochemical processes. Cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors influence mtETC structure and function, impacting several aspects of macrophage immunity. These factors provide the macrophages with alternate fuel sources and metabolites, critical to gain functional competence and overcoming pathogenic stress. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) generated through the mtETC are important innate immune attributes, which help macrophages in mounting antibacterial responses. Recent studies have demonstrated the role of mtETC in governing mitochondrial dynamics and macrophage polarization (M1/M2). M1 macrophages are important for containing bacterial pathogens and M2 macrophages promote tissue repair and wound healing. Thus, mitochondrial bioenergetics and metabolism are intimately coupled with innate immunity. In this review, we have addressed mtETC function as innate rheostats that regulate macrophage reprogramming and innate immune responses. Advancement in this field encourages further exploration and provides potential novel macrophage-based therapeutic targets to control unsolicited inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmohan Kumar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shagun Sharma
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Zoology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Jai Kumar
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sailen Barik
- EonBio, 3780 Pelham Drive, Mobile, AL 36619, USA
| | - Shibnath Mazumder
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Delhi, India
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Patil YN, Gnaiger E, Landry AP, Leno ZJ, Hand SC. OXPHOS capacity is diminished and the phosphorylation system inhibited during diapause in an extremophile, embryos of Artemia franciscana. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb245828. [PMID: 38099471 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Diapause exhibited by embryos of Artemia franciscana is accompanied by severe arrest of respiration. A large fraction of this depression is attributable to downregulation of trehalose catabolism that ultimately restricts fuel to mitochondria. This study now extends knowledge on the mechanism by revealing metabolic depression is heightened by inhibitions within mitochondria. Compared with that in embryo lysates during post-diapause, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity P is depressed during diapause when either NADH-linked substrates (pyruvate and malate) for electron transfer (electron transfer capacity, E) through respiratory Complex I or the Complex II substrate succinate are used. When pyruvate, malate and succinate were combined, respiratory inhibition by the phosphorylation system in diapause lysates was discovered as judged by P/E flux control ratios (two-way ANOVA; F1,24=38.78; P<0.0001). Inhibition was eliminated as the diapause extract was diluted (significant interaction term; F2,24=9.866; P=0.0007), consistent with the presence of a diffusible inhibitor. One candidate is long-chain acyl-CoA esters known to inhibit the adenine nucleotide translocator. Addition of oleoyl-CoA to post-diapause lysates markedly decreased the P/E ratio to 0.40±0.07 (mean±s.d.; P=0.002) compared with 0.79±0.11 without oleoyl-CoA. Oleoyl-CoA inhibits the phosphorylation system and may be responsible for the depressed P/E in lysates from diapause embryos. With isolated mitochondria, depression of P/E by oleoyl-CoA was fully reversed by addition of l-carnitine (control versus recovery with l-carnitine, P=0.338), which facilitates oleoyl-CoA transport into the matrix and elimination by β-oxidation. In conclusion, severe metabolic arrest during diapause promoted by restricting glycolytic carbon to mitochondria is reinforced by depression of OXPHOS capacity and the phosphorylation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvraj N Patil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Cellular, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | | | - Alexander P Landry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Cellular, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Zachary J Leno
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Cellular, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Steven C Hand
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Cellular, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Cao K, Xu J, Cao W, Wang X, Lv W, Zeng M, Zou X, Liu J, Feng Z. Assembly of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase in human health and disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 207:247-259. [PMID: 37490987 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), also known as electron transport chain (ETC) Complex II, is the only enzyme complex engaged in both oxidative phosphorylation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. SDH has received increasing attention due to its crucial role in regulating mitochondrial metabolism and human health. Despite having the fewest subunits among the four ETC complexes, functional SDH is formed via a sequential and well-coordinated assembly of subunits. Along with the discovery of subunit-specific assembly factors, the dynamic involvement of the SDH assembly process in a broad range of diseases has been revealed. Recently, we reported that perturbation of SDH assembly in different tissues leads to interesting and distinct pathophysiological changes in mice, indicating a need to understand the intricate SDH assembly process in human health and diseases. Thus, in this review, we summarize recent findings on SDH pathogenesis with respect to disease and a focus on SDH assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China; Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenli Cao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xueqiang Wang
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Weiqiang Lv
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengqi Zeng
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Xuan Zou
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China; School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
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Liu Y, Yang H, Luo N, Fu Y, Qiu F, Pan Z, Li X, Jian W, Yang X, Xue Q, Luo Y, Yu B, Liu Z. An Fgr kinase inhibitor attenuates sepsis-associated encephalopathy by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation via the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2023; 21:486. [PMID: 37475042 PMCID: PMC10360347 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is characterized by diffuse brain dysfunction, long-term cognitive impairment, and increased morbidity and mortality. The current treatment for SAE is mainly symptomatic; the lack of specific treatment options and a poor understanding of the underlying mechanism of disease are responsible for poor patient outcomes. Fgr is a member of the Src family of tyrosine kinases and is involved in the innate immune response, hematologic cancer, diet-induced obesity, and hemorrhage-induced thalamic pain. This study investigated the protection provided by an Fgr kinase inhibitor in SAE and the underlying mechanism(s) of action. METHODS A cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced mouse sepsis model was established. Mice were treated with or without an Fgr inhibitor and a PGC-1α inhibitor/activator. An open field test, a novel object recognition test, and an elevated plus maze were used to assess neurobehavioral changes in the mice. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to measure protein expression, and mRNA levels were measured using quantitative PCR (qPCR). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to quantify inflammatory cytokines. Mitochondrial membrane potential and morphology were measured by JC-1, electron microscopy, and the MitoTracker Deep Red probe. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction were analyzed. In addition, the regulatory effect of Fgr on sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was assessed. RESULTS CLP-induced sepsis increased the expression of Fgr in the hippocampal neurons. Pharmacological inhibition of Fgr attenuated CLP-induced neuroinflammation, the survival rate, cognitive and emotional dysfunction, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, Fgr interacted with SIRT1 and reduced its activity and expression. In addition, activation of SIRT1/PGC-1α promoted the protective effects of the Fgr inhibitor on CLP-induced brain dysfunction, while inactivation of SIRT1/PGC-1α counteracted the benefits of the Fgr inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report of Fgr kinase inhibition markedly ameliorating SAE through activation of the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway, and this may be a promising therapeutic target for SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nanbo Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yifei Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenglong Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiongjuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenling Jian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinping Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingsheng Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Buwei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Zhang K, Chen L, Wang B, Chen D, Ye X, Han X, Fang Q, Yu C, Wu J, Guo S, Chen L, Shi Y, Wang L, Cheng H, Li H, Shen L, Zhao Q, Jin L, Lyu J, Fang H. Mitochondrial supercomplex assembly regulates metabolic features and glutamine dependency in mammalian cells. Theranostics 2023; 13:3165-3187. [PMID: 37351168 PMCID: PMC10283060 DOI: 10.7150/thno.78292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP via the oxidative phosphorylation system, which mainly comprises five respiratory complexes found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. A high-order assembly of respiratory complexes is called a supercomplex. COX7A2L is a supercomplex assembly factor that has been well-investigated for studying supercomplex function and assembly. To date, the effects of mitochondrial supercomplexes on cell metabolism have not been elucidated. Methods: We depleted COX7A2L or Cox7a2l in human and mouse cells to generate cell models lacking mitochondrial supercomplexes as well as in DBA/2J mice as animal models. We tested the effect of impaired supercomplex assembly on cell proliferation with different nutrient supply. We profiled the metabolic features in COX7A2L-/- cells and Cox7a2l-/- mice via the combined use of targeted and untargeted metabolic profiling and metabolic flux analysis. We further tested the role of mitochondrial supercomplexes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) through PDAC cell lines and a nude mouse model. Results: Impairing mitochondrial supercomplex assembly by depleting COX7A2L in human cells reprogrammed metabolic pathways toward anabolism and increased glutamine metabolism, cell proliferation and antioxidative defense. Similarly, knockout of Cox7a2l in DBA/2J mice promoted the use of proteins/amino acids as oxidative carbon sources. Mechanistically, impaired supercomplex assembly increased electron flux from CII to CIII/CIV and promoted CII-dependent respiration in COX7A2L-/- cells which further upregulated glutaminolysis and glutamine oxidation to accelerate the reactions of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Moreover, the proliferation of PDAC cells lacking COX7A2L was inhibited by glutamine deprivation. Conclusion: Our results reveal the regulatory role of mitochondrial supercomplexes in glutaminolysis which may fine-tune the fate of cells with different nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an 710016, China
| | - Linjie Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomarkers and In vitro Diagnosis Translation of Zhejiang province, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310063, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Deyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xianglai Ye
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xinyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Quan Fang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Can Yu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Sihan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lifang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Huang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qiongya Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Liqin Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Hezhi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
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Sawant Dessai A, Kalhotra P, Novickis AT, Dasgupta S. Regulation of tumor metabolism by post translational modifications on metabolic enzymes. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:548-558. [PMID: 35999357 PMCID: PMC9947196 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer development, progression, and metastasis. Several metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, lipid metabolism, and glutamine catabolism are frequently altered to support cancer growth. Importantly, the activity of the rate-limiting metabolic enzymes in these pathways are specifically modulated in cancer cells. This is achieved by transcriptional, translational, and post translational regulations that enhance the expression, activity, stability, and substrate sensitivity of the rate-limiting enzymes. These mechanisms allow the enzymes to retain increased activity supporting the metabolic needs of rapidly growing tumors, sustain their survival in the hostile tumor microenvironments and in the metastatic lesions. In this review, we primarily focused on the post translational modifications of the rate-limiting enzymes in the glucose and glutamine metabolism, TCA cycle, and fatty acid metabolism promoting tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisha Sawant Dessai
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Poonam Kalhotra
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Aaron T Novickis
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Subhamoy Dasgupta
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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9
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Diaz EC, Adams SH, Weber JL, Cotter M, Børsheim E. Elevated LDL-C, high blood pressure, and low peak V ˙ O 2 associate with platelet mitochondria function in children-The Arkansas Active Kids Study. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1136975. [PMID: 37033448 PMCID: PMC10073692 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1136975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the association of platelet (PL) mitochondria respiration with markers of cardiovascular health in children ages 7-10 years. Methods: PL mitochondrial respiration (n = 91) was assessed by high resolution respirometry (HRR): Routine (R) respiration, complex (C) I linked respiration (CI), and maximal uncoupled electron transport capacity of CII (CIIE) were measured. The respiratory control ratio (RCR) was calculated as the ratio of maximal oxidative phosphorylation capacity of CI and CI leak respiration (PCI/LCI). Peak V ˙ O2 (incremental bike test) and body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were measured. Multiple generalized linear regression analysis was used to model the association of measures by HRR with variables of interest: adiposity, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) status (normal vs. elevated) HOMA2-IR, blood pressure status (normal vs. high), and demographics. Results: R and CI-linked respiration positively associated with adiposity, high blood pressure (HBP), and peak V ˙ O2. R and CI-linked respiration had inverse association with age and elevated LDL-C. CIIE was higher in children with elevated LDL-C (log-β = -0.54, p = 0.010). HBP and peak V ˙ O2 interacted in relation to RCR (log-β = -0.01, p = 0.028). Specifically, RCR was lowest among children with HBP and low aerobic capacity (i.e., mean peak V ˙ O2 -1SD). HOMA2-IR did not associate with measures of PL mitochondria respiration. Conclusion: In PL, R and CI-linked mitochondrial respiration directly associate with adiposity, peak V ˙ O2 and HBP. Elevated LDL-C associates with lower CI-linked respiration which is compensated by increasing CII respiration. PL bioenergetics phenotypes in children associate with whole-body metabolic health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C. Diaz
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- *Correspondence: Eva C. Diaz,
| | - Sean H. Adams
- Department of Surgery, and Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Judith L. Weber
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Matthew Cotter
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Elisabet Børsheim
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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10
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Krämer WE, Iglesias-Prieto R, Enríquez S. Evaluation of the current understanding of the impact of climate change on coral physiology after three decades of experimental research. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1418. [PMID: 36572721 PMCID: PMC9792581 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04353-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
After three decades of coral research on the impacts of climate change, there is a wide consensus on the adverse effects of heat-stress, but the impacts of ocean acidification (OA) are not well established. Using a review of published studies and an experimental analysis, we confirm the large species-specific component of the OA response, which predicts moderate impacts on coral physiology and pigmentation by 2100 (scenario-B1 or SSP2-4.5), in contrast with the severe disturbances induced by only +2 °C of thermal anomaly. Accordingly, global warming represents a greater threat for coral calcification than OA. The incomplete understanding of the moderate OA response relies on insufficient attention to key regulatory processes of these symbioses, particularly the metabolic dependence of coral calcification on algal photosynthesis and host respiration. Our capacity to predict the future of coral reefs depends on a correct identification of the main targets and/or processes impacted by climate change stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke E. Krämer
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratory of Photobiology, Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales (Puerto Morelos), Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Quintana Roo Cancún, Mexico
| | - Roberto Iglesias-Prieto
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratory of Photobiology, Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales (Puerto Morelos), Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Quintana Roo Cancún, Mexico ,grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Present Address: Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Susana Enríquez
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratory of Photobiology, Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales (Puerto Morelos), Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Quintana Roo Cancún, Mexico
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11
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Shilovsky GA, Ashapkin VV. Transcription Factor Nrf2 and Mitochondria - Friends or Foes in the Regulation of Aging Rate. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2022; 87:1477-1486. [PMID: 36717441 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922120057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
At the first sight, the transcription factor Nrf2 as a master regulator of cellular antioxidant systems, and mitochondria as the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), should play the opposite roles in determining the pace of aging. However, since the causes of aging cannot be confined to the oxidative stress, the role of Nrf2 role cannot be limited to the regulation of antioxidant systems, and moreover, the role of mitochondria is not confined to the ROS production. In this review, we discussed only one aspect of this problem, namely, the molecular mechanisms of interaction between Nrf2 and mitochondria that influence the rate of aging and the lifespan. Experimental data accumulated so far show that the Nrf2 activity positively affects both the mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial quality control. Nrf2 influences the mitochondrial function through various mechanisms, e.g., regulation of nuclear genome-encoded mitochondrial proteins and changes in the balance of ROS or other metabolites that affect the functioning of mitochondria. In turn, multiple regulatory proteins functionally associated with the mitochondria affect the Nrf2 activity and even form mutual regulatory loops with Nrf2. We believe that these loops enable the fine-tuning of the cellular redox balance and, possibly, of the cellular metabolism as a whole. It has been commonly accepted for a long time that all mitochondrial regulatory signals are mediated by the nuclear genome-encoded proteins, whereas the mitochondrial genome encodes only a few respiratory chain proteins and two ribosomal RNAs. Relatively recently, mtDNA-encoded signal peptides have been discovered. In this review, we discuss the data on their interactions with the nuclear regulatory systems, first of all, Nrf2, and their possible involvement in the regulation of the aging rate. The interactions between regulatory cascades that link the programs ensuring the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and cellular responses to the oxidative stress are a significant part of both aging and anti-aging programs. Therefore, understanding these interactions will be of great help in searching for the molecular targets to counteract aging-associated diseases and aging itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Shilovsky
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.,Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127051, Russia
| | - Vasily V Ashapkin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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12
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Khalilov RA, Dzhafarova AM, Abdullaev VR. Activity and Catalytic Characteristics of Rat Liver Mitochondrial Succinate Dehydrogenase under Moderate Hypothermia. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350922060094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
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13
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Abstract
Mitochondrial energetic adaptations encompass a plethora of conserved processes that maintain cell and organismal fitness and survival in the changing environment by adjusting the respiratory capacity of mitochondria. These mitochondrial responses are governed by general principles of regulatory biology exemplified by changes in gene expression, protein translation, protein complex formation, transmembrane transport, enzymatic activities and metabolite levels. These changes can promote mitochondrial biogenesis and membrane dynamics that in turn support mitochondrial respiration. The main regulatory components of mitochondrial energetic adaptation include: the transcription coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) coactivator 1α (PGC1α) and associated transcription factors; mTOR and endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling; TOM70-dependent mitochondrial protein import; the cristae remodelling factors, including mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) and OPA1; lipid remodelling; and the assembly and metabolite-dependent regulation of respiratory complexes. These adaptive molecular and structural mechanisms increase respiration to maintain basic processes specific to cell types and tissues. Failure to execute these regulatory responses causes cell damage and inflammation or senescence, compromising cell survival and the ability to adapt to energetically demanding conditions. Thus, mitochondrial adaptive cellular processes are important for physiological responses, including to nutrient availability, temperature and physical activity, and their failure leads to diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction such as metabolic and age-associated diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Bennett
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pedro Latorre-Muro
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pere Puigserver
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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JEDLIČKA J, GRUNDMANOVÁ M, ŠVÍGLEROVÁ J, TŮMA Z, NALOS L, RAJDL D, ŠTENGL M, KUNCOVÁ J. Mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney cortex and medulla of subtotally nephrectomized rats. Physiol Res 2022; 71:S219-S226. [PMID: 36647910 PMCID: PMC9906659 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Five-sixths nephrectomy is a widely used experimental model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that is associated with severe mitochondrial dysfunction of the remnant tissue. In this study, we assessed the effect of CKD on mitochondrial respiration separately in the rat kidney cortex and medulla 10 weeks after induction of CKD by subtotal 5/6 nephrectomy (SNX). Mitochondrial oxygen consumption was evaluated on mechanically permeabilized samples of kidney cortex and medulla using high-resolution respirometry and expressed per mg of tissue wet weight or IU citrate synthase (CS) activity. Mitochondrial respiration in the renal cortex of SNX rats was significantly reduced in all measured respiratory states if expressed per unit wet weight and remained lower if recalculated per IU citrate synthase activity, i.e. per mitochondrial mass. In contrast, the profound decrease in the activity of CS in SNX medulla resulted in significantly elevated respiratory states expressing the OXPHOS capacity when Complexes I and II or II only are provided with electrons, LEAK respiration after oligomycin injection, and Complex IV-linked oxygen consumption per unit CS activity suggesting compensatory hypermetabolic state in remaining functional mitochondria that is not sufficient to fully compensate for respiratory deficit expressed per tissue mass. The results document that CKD induced by 5/6 nephrectomy in the rat is likely to cause not only mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction (in the kidney cortex), but also adaptive changes in the medulla that tend to at least partially compensate for mitochondria loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan JEDLIČKA
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň, Charles University, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - Martina GRUNDMANOVÁ
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň, Charles University, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka ŠVÍGLEROVÁ
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň, Charles University, Plzeň, Czech Republic,Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň, Charles University, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk TŮMA
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň, Charles University, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš NALOS
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň, Charles University, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel RAJDL
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň, Charles University, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - Milan ŠTENGL
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň, Charles University, Plzeň, Czech Republic,Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň, Charles University, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka KUNCOVÁ
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň, Charles University, Plzeň, Czech Republic
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15
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Abstract
Hibernators rapidly and reversibly suppress mitochondrial respiration and whole animal metabolism. Posttranslational modifications likely regulate these mitochondrial changes, which may help conserve energy in winter. These modifications are affected by reactive oxygen species (ROS), so suppressing mitochondrial ROS production may also be important for hibernators, just as it is important for surviving ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Staples
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine E Mathers
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brynne M Duffy
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Ma S, Shu X, Wang WX. Responses of two marine fish to organically complexed Zn: Insights from microbial community and liver transcriptomics. Sci Total Environ 2022; 835:155457. [PMID: 35469859 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The diversity and adjustability of metal-organic complex enhance the function of metals and promote the burgeoning fields of chemical biology. In the present study, we chose two marine fish to explore the effects of a dihydromyricetin (DMY)-Zn(II) complex on the intestinal microbiome composition and liver biological function using high-throughput sequencing technology. Two economic fish species commonly found in Southern China (golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus and pearl gentian grouper ♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂Epinephelus lanceolatus) were exposed to dietary DMY-Zn complex for 4-week. Our study found that DMY-Zn performed a vital function on the improved anti-oxidative ability of both fish species. The Zn complex improved the stability of microbial community structure of the golden pompano by enhancing the α-diversity, but its impacts on the composition and diversity of intestine microorganisms of grouper were insignificant. BugBase results showed that the intestine microbiota following DMY-Zn exposure contained a lower abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria and higher abundance of aerobic bacteria. Intestine health and utilization of carbohydrates were improved in the golden pompano, and unclassified bacteria were significantly enriched in the grouper. Liver transcriptome indicated that DMY-Zn affected the oxidative phosphorylation process (OXPHOS). Specifically, the OXPHOS process (map00190) was activated by promoting the glucose uptake (map04251, map04010) in golden pompano and lipid metabolism (map00071, map00140, map00062 and map00564) in grouper. Such difference in the responses of intestine microbiome and liver metabolism may be possibly explained by their different Zn basal requirements. Our study demonstrated that different fish species may have different responses to dietary DMY-Zn complex. The results provided a reference for the application of new additives in aquatic animal feed, and new insights into the roles of metal-organic complex in their biological impacts on fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoli Ma
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Xugang Shu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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17
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Panieri E, Pinho SA, Afonso GJM, Oliveira PJ, Cunha-Oliveira T, Saso L. NRF2 and Mitochondrial Function in Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152401. [PMID: 35954245 PMCID: PMC9367715 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The NRF2–KEAP1 system is a fundamental component of the cellular response that controls a great variety of transcriptional targets that are mainly involved in the regulation of redox homeostasis and multiple cytoprotective mechanisms that confer adaptation to the stress conditions. The pleiotropic response orchestrated by NRF2 is particularly relevant in the context of oncogenic activation, wherein this transcription factor acts as a key driver of tumor progression and cancer cells’ resistance to treatment. For this reason, NRF2 has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in cancer cells, stimulating extensive research aimed at the identification of natural, as well as chemical, NRF2 inhibitors. Excitingly, the influence of NRF2 on cancer cells’ biology extends far beyond its mere antioxidant function and rather encompasses a functional crosstalk with the mitochondrial network that can influence crucial aspects of mitochondrial homeostasis, including biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, metabolic reprogramming, and mitophagy. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge of the reciprocal interrelation between NRF2 and mitochondria, with a focus on malignant tumors and cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Panieri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Section of Hazardous Substances, Environmental Education and Training for the Technical Coordination of Management Activities (DGTEC), Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, 00144 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (T.C.-O.); Tel.: +39-06-5007-2131 (E.P.); +351-231249195 (T.C.-O.)
| | - Sónia A. Pinho
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo J. M. Afonso
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Cunha-Oliveira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (T.C.-O.); Tel.: +39-06-5007-2131 (E.P.); +351-231249195 (T.C.-O.)
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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18
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Hess JD, Macias LH, Gutierrez DA, Moran-Santibanez K, Contreras L, Medina S, Villanueva PJ, Kirken RA, Varela-Ramirez A, Penichet ML, Aguilera RJ. Identification of a Unique Cytotoxic Thieno[2,3-c]Pyrazole Derivative with Potent and Selective Anticancer Effects In Vitro. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:biology11060930. [PMID: 35741451 PMCID: PMC9219615 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the thienopyrazole moiety has emerged as a pharmacologically active scaffold with antitumoral and kinase inhibitory activity. In this study, high-throughput screening of 2000 small molecules obtained from the ChemBridge DIVERset library revealed a unique thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole derivative (Tpz-1) with potent and selective cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. Compound Tpz-1 consistently induced cell death at low micromolar concentrations (0.19 μM to 2.99 μM) against a panel of 17 human cancer cell lines after 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h of exposure. Furthermore, an in vitro investigation of Tpz-1's mechanism of action revealed that Tpz-1 interfered with cell cycle progression, reduced phosphorylation of p38, CREB, Akt, and STAT3 kinases, induced hyperphosphorylation of Fgr, Hck, and ERK 1/2 kinases, and disrupted microtubules and mitotic spindle formation. These findings support the continued exploration of Tpz-1 and other thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole-based compounds as potential small-molecule anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D. Hess
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Luca H. Macias
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Denisse A. Gutierrez
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Karla Moran-Santibanez
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Lisett Contreras
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Stephanie Medina
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Paulina J. Villanueva
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Robert A. Kirken
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
| | - Manuel L. Penichet
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, The Molecular Biology Institute, AIDS Institute, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Renato J. Aguilera
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79902, USA; (J.D.H.); (L.H.M.); (D.A.G.); (K.M.-S.); (L.C.); (S.M.); (P.J.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.V.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-915-747-6852
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19
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Mookerjee SA, Gerencser AA, Watson MA, Brand MD. Controlled power: how biology manages succinate-driven energy release. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2929-2939. [PMID: 34882231 PMCID: PMC8786295 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of succinate by mitochondria can generate a higher protonmotive force (pmf) than can oxidation of NADH-linked substrates. Fundamentally, this is because of differences in redox potentials and gearing. Biology adds kinetic constraints that tune the oxidation of NADH and succinate to ensure that the resulting mitochondrial pmf is suitable for meeting cellular needs without triggering pathology. Tuning within an optimal range is used, for example, to shift ATP consumption between different consumers. Conditions that overcome these constraints and allow succinate oxidation to drive pmf too high can cause pathological generation of reactive oxygen species. We discuss the thermodynamic properties that allow succinate oxidation to drive pmf higher than NADH oxidation, and discuss the evidence for kinetic tuning of ATP production and for pathologies resulting from substantial succinate oxidation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona A. Mookerjee
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Touro University California College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, CA, U.S.A
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Martin D. Brand
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Touro University California College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, CA, U.S.A
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, U.S.A
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20
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Makjaroen J, Thim-Uam A, Dang CP, Pisitkun T, Somparn P, Leelahavanichkul A. A Comparison Between 1 Day versus 7 Days of Sepsis in Mice with the Experiments on LPS-Activated Macrophages Support the Use of Intravenous Immunoglobulin for Sepsis Attenuation. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:7243-7263. [PMID: 35221705 PMCID: PMC8866997 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s338383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Because survival and death after sepsis are partly due to a proper immune adaptation and immune dysregulation, respectively, survivors and moribund mice after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis surgery and in vitro macrophage experiments were explored. Methods Characteristics of mice at 1-day and 7-days post-CLP, the representative of moribund mice (an innate immune hyper-responsiveness) and survivors (a successful control on innate immunity), respectively. In parallel, soluble heat aggregated immunoglobulin (sHA-Ig), a representative of immune complex, was tested in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages together with a test of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), a molecule of adaptive immunity, on CLP sepsis mice. Results Except for a slight increase in alanine transaminase (liver injury), IL-10, endotoxemia, and gut leakage (FITC-dextran assay), most of the parameters in survivors (7-days post-CLP) were normalized, with enhanced adaptive immunity, including serum immunoglobulin (using serum protein electrophoresis) and activated immune cells in spleens (flow cytometry analysis). The addition of sHA-Ig in LPS-activated macrophages reduced supernatant cytokines, cell energy (extracellular flux analysis), reactive oxygen species (ROS), several cell activities (proteomic analysis), and Fc gamma receptors (FcgRs) expression. The loss of anti-inflammatory effect of sHA-Ig in LPS-activated macrophages from mice with a deficiency on Fc gamma receptor IIb (FcgRIIb-/-), the only inhibitory signaling of FcgRs family, when compared with wild-type macrophages, implying the FcgRIIb-dependent mechanism. Moreover, IVIG attenuated sepsis severity in CLP mice as evaluated by serum creatinine, liver enzyme (alanine transaminase), serum cytokines, spleen apoptosis, and abundance of dendritic cells in the spleen (24-h post-CLP) and survival analysis. Conclusion Immunoglobulin attenuated LPS-activated macrophages, partly, through the reduced cell energy of macrophages and might play a role in sepsis immune hyper-responsiveness. Despite the debate over IVIG’s use in sepsis, IVIG might be beneficial in sepsis with certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiradej Makjaroen
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Arthid Thim-Uam
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Cong Phi Dang
- Medical Microbiology, Interdisciplinary and International Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Trairak Pisitkun
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Poorichaya Somparn
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Immunology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Correspondence: Asada Leelahavanichkul; Poorichaya Somparn Immunology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, ThailandTel +666 2256 4132 Email
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21
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Mukherjee A, Epperly MW, Shields D, Hou W, Fisher R, Hamade D, Wang H, Saiful Huq M, Bao R, Tabib T, Monier D, Watkins S, Calderon M, Greenberger JS. Ionizing irradiation-induced Fgr in senescent cells mediates fibrosis. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:349. [PMID: 34772919 PMCID: PMC8585734 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00741-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of cellular senescence in radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) and the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We isolated radiation-induced senescent tdTOMp16 positive mesenchymal stem cells, established their absence of cell division, then measured levels of irradiation-induced expression of biomarkers of senescence by RNA-seq analysis. We identified a Log2 6.17-fold upregulation of tyrosine kinase Fgr, which was a potent inducer of biomarkers of fibrosis in target cells in non-contact co-cultures. Inhibition of Fgr by shRNA knockdown did not block radiation-induced senescence in vitro; however, both shRNA knockdown, or addition of a specific small-molecule inhibitor of Fgr, TL02-59, abrogated senescent cell induction of profibrotic genes in transwell-separated target cells. Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNAseq) analysis of mouse lungs at day 150 after 20 Gy thoracic irradiation revealed upregulation of Fgr in senescent neutrophils, and macrophages before detection of lung fibrosis. Thus, upregulated Fgr in radiation-induced senescent cells mediates RIPF and is a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of this radiation late effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitava Mukherjee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael W Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Donna Shields
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Renee Fisher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Diala Hamade
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M Saiful Huq
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Riyue Bao
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tracy Tabib
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daisy Monier
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Simon Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Calderon
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joel S Greenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Studies in Caenorhabditis elegans have revealed that even a genetically identical population of animals exposed to the same environment displays a remarkable level of variability in individual lifespan. Stochasticity factors, occurring seemingly by chance or at random, are thought to account for a large part of this variability. Recent studies in our lab using C. elegans now revealed that naturally occurring variations in the levels of reactive oxygen species experienced early in life contribute to the observed lifespan variability, and likely serve as stochasticity factors in aging. Here, we will highlight how developmental events can positively shape lifespan and stress responses via a redox-sensitive epigenetic regulator, and discuss the outstanding questions and future directions on the complex relationship between reactive oxygen species and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryndon J. Oleson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Daphne Bazopoulou
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Ursula Jakob
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA,CONTACT Ursula Jakob Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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23
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Abstract
In modern research, mitochondria are considered a more crucial energy plant in cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation and denatured protein accumulation, is a common feature of tumors. The dysfunctional mitochondria reprogram molecular metabolism and allow tumor cells to proliferate in the hostile microenvironment. One of the crucial signaling pathways of the mitochondrial dysfunction activation in the tumor cells is the retrograde signaling of mitochondria-nucleus interaction, mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), which is initiated by accumulation of denatured protein and excess ROS production. In the process of UPRmt, various components are activitated to enhance the mitochondria-nucleus retrograde signaling to promote carcinoma progression, including hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), activating transcription factor ATF-4, ATF-5, CHOP, AKT, AMPK. The retrograde signaling molecules of overexpression ATF-5, SIRT3, CREB, SOD1, SOD2, early growth response protein 1 (EGR1), ATF2, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-d, and CHOP also involved in the process. Targeted blockage of the UPRmt pathway could obviously inhibit tumor proliferation and metastasis. This review indicates the UPRmt pathways and its crucial role in targeted therapy of metastasis tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Ailing Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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24
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Lee J, Song CH. Effect of Reactive Oxygen Species on the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria during Intracellular Pathogen Infection of Mammalian Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:872. [PMID: 34071633 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS), are important for innate immunity against pathogens. ROS directly attack pathogens, regulate and amplify immune signals, induce autophagy and activate inflammation. In addition, production of ROS by pathogens affects the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, leading to cell death. However, it is unclear how ROS regulate host defense mechanisms. This review outlines the role of ROS during intracellular pathogen infection, mechanisms of ROS production and regulation of host defense mechanisms by ROS. Finally, the interaction between microbial pathogen-induced ROS and the ER and mitochondria is described.
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25
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Hatinguais R, Pradhan A, Brown GD, Brown AJP, Warris A, Shekhova E. Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Regulate Immune Responses of Macrophages to Aspergillus fumigatus. Front Immunol 2021; 12:641495. [PMID: 33841423 PMCID: PMC8026890 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.641495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules that can induce oxidative stress. For instance, the oxidative burst of immune cells is well known for its ability to inhibit the growth of invading pathogens. However, ROS also mediate redox signalling, which is important for the regulation of antimicrobial immunity. Here, we report a crucial role of mitochondrial ROS (mitoROS) in antifungal responses of macrophages. We show that mitoROS production rises in murine macrophages exposed to swollen conidia of the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus compared to untreated macrophages, or those treated with resting conidia. Furthermore, the exposure of macrophages to swollen conidia increases the activity of complex II of the respiratory chain and raises mitochondrial membrane potential. These alterations in mitochondria of infected macrophages suggest that mitoROS are produced via reverse electron transport (RET). Significantly, preventing mitoROS generation via RET by treatment with rotenone, or a suppressor of site IQ electron leak, S1QEL1.1, lowers the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β in macrophages exposed to swollen conidia of A. fumigatus. Rotenone and S1QEL1.1 also reduces the fungicidal activity of macrophages against swollen conidia. Moreover, we have established that elevated recruitment of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2, also called gp91phox) to the phagosomal membrane occurs prior to the increase in mitoROS generation. Using macrophages from gp91phox-/- mice, we have further demonstrated that NOX2 is required to regulate cytokine secretion by RET-associated mitoROS in response to infection with swollen conidia. Taken together, these observations demonstrate the importance of RET-mediated mitoROS production in macrophages infected with A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Elena Shekhova
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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26
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Cai J, Qi H, Yao K, Yao Y, Jing D, Liao W, Zhao Z. Non-Coding RNAs Steering the Senescence-Related Progress, Properties, and Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:650431. [PMID: 33816501 PMCID: PMC8017203 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.650431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The thirst to postpone and even reverse aging progress has never been quenched after all these decades. Unequivocally, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with extraordinary abilities such as self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation, deserve the limelight in this topic. Though having several affable clinical traits, MSCs going through senescence would, on one hand, contribute to age-related diseases and, on the other hand, lead to compromised or even counterproductive therapeutical outcomes. Notably, increasing evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) could invigorate various regulatory processes. With even a slight dip or an uptick of expression, ncRNAs would make a dent in or even overturn cellular fate. Thereby, a systematic illustration of ncRNAs identified so far to steer MSCs during senescence is axiomatically an urgent need. In this review, we introduce the general properties and mechanisms of senescence and its relationship with MSCs and illustrate the ncRNAs playing a role in the cellular senescence of MSCs. It is then followed by the elucidation of ncRNAs embodied in extracellular vesicles connecting senescent MSCs with other cells and diversified processes in and beyond the skeletal system. Last, we provide a glimpse into the clinical methodologies of ncRNA-based therapies in MSC-related fields. Hopefully, the intricate relationship between senescence and MSCs will be revealed one day and our work could be a crucial stepping-stone toward that future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hexu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dian Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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27
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Hernansanz-Agustín P, Enríquez JA. Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species by Mitochondria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:415. [PMID: 33803273 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are series of chemical products originated from one or several electron reductions of oxygen. ROS are involved in physiology and disease and can also be both cause and consequence of many biological scenarios. Mitochondria are the main source of ROS in the cell and, particularly, the enzymes in the electron transport chain are the major contributors to this phenomenon. Here, we comprehensively review the modes by which ROS are produced by mitochondria at a molecular level of detail, discuss recent advances in the field involving signalling and disease, and the involvement of supercomplexes in these mechanisms. Given the importance of mitochondrial ROS, we also provide a schematic guide aimed to help in deciphering the mechanisms involved in their production in a variety of physiological and pathological settings.
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28
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Kotrasová V, Keresztesová B, Ondrovičová G, Bauer JA, Havalová H, Pevala V, Kutejová E, Kunová N. Mitochondrial Kinases and the Role of Mitochondrial Protein Phosphorylation in Health and Disease. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020082. [PMID: 33498615 PMCID: PMC7912454 DOI: 10.3390/life11020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The major role of mitochondria is to provide cells with energy, but no less important are their roles in responding to various stress factors and the metabolic changes and pathological processes that might occur inside and outside the cells. The post-translational modification of proteins is a fast and efficient way for cells to adapt to ever changing conditions. Phosphorylation is a post-translational modification that signals these changes and propagates these signals throughout the whole cell, but it also changes the structure, function and interaction of individual proteins. In this review, we summarize the influence of kinases, the proteins responsible for phosphorylation, on mitochondrial biogenesis under various cellular conditions. We focus on their role in keeping mitochondria fully functional in healthy cells and also on the changes in mitochondrial structure and function that occur in pathological processes arising from the phosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kotrasová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Barbora Keresztesová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Ondrovičová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Jacob A. Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Henrieta Havalová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Vladimír Pevala
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Eva Kutejová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Nina Kunová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (N.K.)
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29
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Casuso RA, Huertas JR. Mitochondrial Functionality in Inflammatory Pathology-Modulatory Role of Physical Activity. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:61. [PMID: 33467642 DOI: 10.3390/life11010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and severity of metabolic diseases can be reduced by introducing healthy lifestyle habits including moderate exercise. A common observation in age-related metabolic diseases is an increment in systemic inflammation (the so-called inflammaging) where mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production may have a key role. Exercise prevents these metabolic pathologies, at least in part, due to its ability to alter immunometabolism, e.g., reducing systemic inflammation and by improving immune cell metabolism. Here, we review how exercise regulates immunometabolism within contracting muscles. In fact, we discuss how circulating and resident macrophages alter their function due to mitochondrial signaling, and we propose how these effects can be triggered within skeletal muscle in response to exercise. Finally, we also describe how exercise-induced mitochondrial adaptations can help to fight against virus infection. Moreover, the fact that moderate exercise increases circulating immune cells must be taken into account by public health agencies, as it may help prevent virus spread. This is of interest in order to face not only acute respiratory-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic but also for future virus infection challenges.
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30
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Abstract
Cellular energy metabolism is regulated by complex metabolic pathways. Although anaerobic glycolysis was reported as a primary source of energy in cancer leading to a high rate of lactate production, current evidence shows that the main energy source supporting cancer cell metabolism relies on mitochondrial metabolism. Mitochondria are the key organelle maintaining optimal cellular energy levels. MitoPlate™ S-1 provides a highly reproducible bioenergetics tool to analyze the electron flow rate in live cells. Measuring the rates of electron flow into and through the electron transport chain using different NADH and FADH2-producing metabolic substrates enables the assessment of mitochondrial functionality. MitoPlate™ S-1 are 96-well microplates pre-coated with different substrates used as probes to examine the activity of mitochondrial metabolic pathways based on a colorimetric assay. A comparative metabolic analysis between cell lines or primary cells allows to establish a specific metabolic profile and to detect possible alterations of the mitochondrial function of a tumor cell. Moreover, the direct measurements of electron flux triggered by metabolic pathway activation could highlight targets for potential drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Radogna
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Déborah Gérard
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Mario Dicato
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Marc Diederich
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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31
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Mahalingam S, Cheviron ZA, Storz JF, McClelland GB, Scott GR. Chronic cold exposure induces mitochondrial plasticity in deer mice native to high altitudes. J Physiol 2020; 598:5411-5426. [PMID: 32886797 PMCID: PMC8329962 DOI: 10.1113/jp280298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Small mammals native to high altitude must sustain high rates of thermogenesis to cope with cold. Skeletal muscle is a key site of shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis, but the importance of mitochondrial plasticity in cold hypoxic environments remains unresolved. We examined high-altitude deer mice, which have evolved a high capacity for aerobic thermogenesis, to determine the mechanisms of mitochondrial plasticity during chronic exposure to cold and hypoxia, alone and in combination. Cold exposure in normoxia or hypoxia increased mitochondrial leak respiration and decreased phosphorylation efficiency and OXPHOS coupling efficiency, which may serve to augment non-shivering thermogenesis. Cold also increased muscle oxidative capacity, but reduced the capacity for mitochondrial respiration via complex II relative to complexes I and II combined. High-altitude mice had a more oxidative muscle phenotype than low-altitude mice. Therefore, both plasticity and evolved changes in muscle mitochondria contribute to thermogenesis at high altitude. ABSTRACT Small mammals native to high altitude must sustain high rates of thermogenesis to cope with cold and hypoxic environments. Skeletal muscle is a key site of shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis, but the importance of mitochondrial plasticity in small mammals at high altitude remains unresolved. High-altitude deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and low-altitude white-footed mice (P. leucopus) were born and raised in captivity, and chronically exposed as adults to warm (25°C) normoxia, warm hypoxia (12 kPa O2 ), cold (5°C) normoxia, or cold hypoxia. We then measured oxidative enzyme activities, oxidative fibre density and capillarity in the gastrocnemius, and used a comprehensive substrate titration protocol to examine the function of muscle mitochondria by high-resolution respirometry. Exposure to cold in both normoxia or hypoxia increased the activities of citrate synthase and cytochrome oxidase. In lowlanders, this was associated with increases in capillary density and the proportional abundance of oxidative muscle fibres, but in highlanders, these traits were unchanged at high levels across environments. Environment had some distinct effects on mitochondrial OXPHOS capacity between species, but the capacity of complex II relative to the combined capacity of complexes I and II was consistently reduced in both cold environments. Both cold environments also increased leak respiration and decreased phosphorylation efficiency and OXPHOS coupling efficiency in both species, which may serve to augment non-shivering thermogenesis. These cold-induced changes in mitochondrial function were overlaid upon the generally more oxidative phenotype of highlanders. Therefore, both plasticity and evolved changes in muscle mitochondria contribute to thermogenesis at high altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zachary A Cheviron
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Jay F Storz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Graham R Scott
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Taddei ML, Pardella E, Pranzini E, Raugei G, Paoli P. Role of tyrosine phosphorylation in modulating cancer cell metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Giarmarco MM, Brock DC, Robbings BM, Cleghorn WM, Tsantilas KA, Kuch KC, Ge W, Rutter KM, Parker ED, Hurley JB, Brockerhoff SE. Daily mitochondrial dynamics in cone photoreceptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28816-27. [PMID: 33144507 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007827117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cone photoreceptors in the retina are exposed to intense daylight and have higher energy demands in darkness. Cones produce energy using a large cluster of mitochondria. Mitochondria are susceptible to oxidative damage, and healthy mitochondrial populations are maintained by regular turnover. Daily cycles of light exposure and energy consumption suggest that mitochondrial turnover is important for cone health. We investigated the three-dimensional (3D) ultrastructure and metabolic function of zebrafish cone mitochondria throughout the day. At night retinas undergo a mitochondrial biogenesis event, corresponding to an increase in the number of smaller, simpler mitochondria and increased metabolic activity in cones. In the daytime, endoplasmic reticula (ER) and autophagosomes associate more with mitochondria, and mitochondrial size distribution across the cluster changes. We also report dense material shared between cone mitochondria that is extruded from the cell at night, sometimes forming extracellular structures. Our findings reveal an elaborate set of daily changes to cone mitochondrial structure and function.
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Acín-Pérez R, Iborra S, Martí-Mateos Y, Cook ECL, Conde-Garrosa R, Petcherski A, Muñoz MDM, Martínez de Mena R, Krishnan KC, Jiménez C, Bolaños JP, Laakso M, Lusis AJ, Shirihai OS, Sancho D, Enríquez JA. Fgr kinase is required for proinflammatory macrophage activation during diet-induced obesity. Nat Metab 2020; 2:974-988. [PMID: 32943786 PMCID: PMC8225238 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory macrophages are key in the development of obesity. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS), which activate the Fgr tyrosine kinase, also contribute to obesity. Here we show that ablation of Fgr impairs proinflammatory macrophage polarization while preventing high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice. Systemic ablation of Fgr increases lipolysis and liver fatty acid oxidation, thereby avoiding steatosis. Knockout of Fgr in bone marrow (BM)-derived cells is sufficient to protect against insulin resistance and liver steatosis following HFD feeding, while the transfer of Fgr-expressing BM-derived cells reverts protection from HFD feeding in Fgr-deficient hosts. Scavenging of mitochondrial peroxides is sufficient to prevent Fgr activation in BM-derived cells and HFD-induced obesity. Moreover, Fgr expression is higher in proinflammatory macrophages and correlates with obesity traits in both mice and humans. Thus, our findings reveal the mitochondrial ROS-Fgr kinase as a key regulatory axis in proinflammatory adipose tissue macrophage activation, diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Acín-Pérez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Salvador Iborra
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Emma C L Cook
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Conde-Garrosa
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anton Petcherski
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mª Del Mar Muñoz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Concepción Jiménez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aldon J Lusis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Sancho
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Antonio Enríquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Sánchez-González C, Nuevo-Tapioles C, Herrero Martín JC, Pereira MP, Serrano Sanz S, Ramírez de Molina A, Cuezva JM, Formentini L. Dysfunctional oxidative phosphorylation shunts branched-chain amino acid catabolism onto lipogenesis in skeletal muscle. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103812. [PMID: 32488939 PMCID: PMC7360968 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is controversial whether mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle is the cause or consequence of metabolic disorders. Herein, we demonstrate that in vivo inhibition of mitochondrial ATP synthase in muscle alters whole‐body lipid homeostasis. Mice with restrained mitochondrial ATP synthase activity presented intrafiber lipid droplets, dysregulation of acyl‐glycerides, and higher visceral adipose tissue deposits, poising these animals to insulin resistance. This mitochondrial energy crisis increases lactate production, prevents fatty acid β‐oxidation, and forces the catabolism of branched‐chain amino acids (BCAA) to provide acetyl‐CoA for de novo lipid synthesis. In turn, muscle accumulation of acetyl‐CoA leads to acetylation‐dependent inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory complex II enhancing oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction which results in augmented ROS production. By screening 702 FDA‐approved drugs, we identified edaravone as a potent mitochondrial antioxidant and enhancer. Edaravone administration restored ROS and lipid homeostasis in skeletal muscle and reinstated insulin sensitivity. Our results suggest that muscular mitochondrial perturbations are causative of metabolic disorders and that edaravone is a potential treatment for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sánchez-González
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Nuevo-Tapioles
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, i+12, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Cruz Herrero Martín
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta P Pereira
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Serrano Sanz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer Group, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA) Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Cuezva
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, i+12, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Formentini
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, i+12, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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37
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Acin-Perez R, Benador IY, Petcherski A, Veliova M, Benavides GA, Lagarrigue S, Caudal A, Vergnes L, Murphy AN, Karamanlidis G, Tian R, Reue K, Wanagat J, Sacks H, Amati F, Darley-Usmar VM, Liesa M, Divakaruni AS, Stiles L, Shirihai OS. A novel approach to measure mitochondrial respiration in frozen biological samples. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104073. [PMID: 32432379 PMCID: PMC7327496 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019104073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Respirometry is the gold standard measurement of mitochondrial oxidative function, as it reflects the activity of the electron transport chain complexes working together. However, the requirement for freshly isolated mitochondria hinders the feasibility of respirometry in multi‐site clinical studies and retrospective studies. Here, we describe a novel respirometry approach suited for frozen samples by restoring electron transfer components lost during freeze/thaw and correcting for variable permeabilization of mitochondrial membranes. This approach preserves 90–95% of the maximal respiratory capacity in frozen samples and can be applied to isolated mitochondria, permeabilized cells, and tissue homogenates with high sensitivity. We find that primary changes in mitochondrial function, detected in fresh tissue, are preserved in frozen samples years after collection. This approach will enable analysis of the integrated function of mitochondrial Complexes I to IV in one measurement, collected at remote sites or retrospectively in samples residing in tissue biobanks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Acin-Perez
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ilan Y Benador
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Nutrition and Metabolism, Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anton Petcherski
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michaela Veliova
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gloria A Benavides
- Department of Pathology and Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sylviane Lagarrigue
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arianne Caudal
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anne N Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Rong Tian
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karen Reue
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Wanagat
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Harold Sacks
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Amati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Victor M Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology and Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Marc Liesa
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ajit S Divakaruni
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Nutrition and Metabolism, Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Sheikh MH, Henson SM, Loiola RA, Mercurio S, Colamatteo A, Maniscalco GT, De Rosa V, McArthur S, Solito E. Immuno-metabolic impact of the multiple sclerosis patients' sera on endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:153. [PMID: 32386505 PMCID: PMC7210692 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease which results from the invasion of the brain by activated immune cells across the endothelial cells (ECs) of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), due to loss of immune self-tolerance. Many reports define the metabolic profile of immune cells in MS, however little is known about the metabolism of the BBB ECs during the disease. We aim to determine whether circulating factors in MS induce metabolic alterations of the BBB ECs compared to a healthy state, which can be linked with disruption of BBB integrity and subsequent immune cell extravasation. METHODS AND RESULTS In this report, we used an in vitro model to study the effect of sera from naïve-to-treatment, relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients on the human brain microvascular endothelium, comparing effects to age/sex-matched healthy donor (HD) sera. Our data show that RRMS serum components affect brain endothelial cells by impairing intercellular tightness through the down-modulation of occludin and VE-cadherin, and facilitating immune cell extravasation through upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). At a metabolic level, the treatment of the endothelial cells with RRMS sera reduced their glycolytic activity (measured through the extracellular acidification rate-ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (oxidative phosphorylation rate-OCR). Such changes were associated with the down-modulation of endothelial glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) expression and by altered mitochondrial membrane potential. Higher level of reactive oxygen species released from the endothelial cells treated with RRMS sera indicate a pro-inflammatory status of the cells together with the higher expression of ICAM-1, endothelial cell cytoskeleton perturbation (stress fibres) as well as disruption of the cytoskeleton signal transduction MSK1/2 and β-catenin phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that circulating factors present in RRMS patient serum induce physiological and biochemical alterations to the BBB, namely reducing expression of essential tightness regulators, as well as reduced engagement of glycolysis and alteration of mitochondrial potential. As these last changes have been linked with alterations in nutrient usage and metabolic function in immune cells; we propose that the BBB endothelium of MS patients may similarly undergo metabolic dysregulation, leading to enhanced permeability and increased disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Sheikh
- John Vane Science Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M6BQ, UK
| | - S M Henson
- John Vane Science Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M6BQ, UK
| | - R A Loiola
- John Vane Science Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M6BQ, UK
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique, Faculty Jean Perrin, EA 2465, Université d'Artois, Arras, France
| | - S Mercurio
- John Vane Science Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M6BQ, UK
| | - A Colamatteo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Universitá degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - G T Maniscalco
- Dipartimento di Neurologia, Centro Regionale Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Ospedaliera "A. Cardarelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - V De Rosa
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale "G. Salvatore", IEOS-CNR, Napoli, Italy
- Unità di NeuroImmunologia, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - S McArthur
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - E Solito
- John Vane Science Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M6BQ, UK.
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Universitá degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.
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Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Dysregulated mitochondria often occurred in cancers. Mitochondrial dysfunction might contribute to cancer progression. We reviewed several mitochondrial stresses in cancers. Mitochondrial stress responses might contribute to cancer progression. Several mitochondrion-derived molecules (ROS, Ca2+, oncometabolites, exported mtDNA, mitochondrial double-stranded RNA, humanin, and MOTS-c), integrated stress response, and mitochondrial unfolded protein response act as retrograde signaling pathways and might be critical in the development and progression of cancer. Targeting these mitochondrial stress responses may be an important strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 112 Taipei
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 110 Taipei
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 112 Taipei
| | - Shiuan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 112 Taipei
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 112 Taipei
| | - Hsin-Chen Lee
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 112 Taipei
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40
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Hunter CA, Koc H, Koc EC. c-Src kinase impairs the expression of mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes in liver cancer. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109651. [PMID: 32335258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Src family kinases (SFKs) play a crucial role in the regulation of multiple cellular pathways, including mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Aberrant activities of one of the most predominant SFKs, c-Src, was identified as a fundamental cause for dysfunctional cell signaling and implicated in cancer development and metastasis, especially in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent work in our laboratory revealed that c-Src is implicated in the regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism in cancer. In this study, we investigated the effect of c-Src expression on mitochondrial energy metabolism by examining changes in the expression and activities of OXPHOS complexes in liver cancer biopsies and cell lines. An increased expression of c-Src was correlated with an impaired expression of nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded subunits of OXPHOS complexes I and IV, respectively, in metastatic biopsies and cell lines. Additionally, we observed a similar association between high c-Src and reduced OXPHOS complex expression and activity in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cell lines. Interestingly, the inhibition of c-Src kinase activity with the SFK inhibitor PP2 and c-Src siRNA stimulated the expression of complex I and IV subunits and increased their enzymatic activities in both cancer and normal cells. Evidence provided in this study reveals that c-Src impairs the expression and function of mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes, resulting in a significant defect in mitochondrial energy metabolism, which can be a contributing factor to the development and progression of liver cancer. Furthermore, our findings strongly suggest that SFK inhibitors should be used in the treatment of HCC and other cancers with aberrant c-Src kinase activity to improve mitochondrial energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Hunter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States
| | - Hasan Koc
- Department of Pharmacological Science and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States.
| | - Emine C Koc
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, United States.
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Moosavi B, Zhu XL, Yang WC, Yang GF. Genetic, epigenetic and biochemical regulation of succinate dehydrogenase function. Biol Chem 2020; 401:319-330. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSuccinate dehydrogenase (SDH), complex II or succinate:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) is a crucial enzyme involved in both the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), the two primary metabolic pathways for generating ATP. Impaired function of SDH results in deleterious disorders from cancer to neurodegeneration. SDH function is tailored to meet the energy demands in different cell types. Thus, understanding how SDH function is regulated and how it operates in distinct cell types can support the development of therapeutic approaches against the diseases. In this article we discuss the molecular pathways which regulate SDH function and describe extra roles played by SDH in specific cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Moosavi
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-lei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
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Sokolova IM, Sokolov EP, Haider F. Mitochondrial Mechanisms Underlying Tolerance to Fluctuating Oxygen Conditions: Lessons from Hypoxia-Tolerant Organisms. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 59:938-952. [PMID: 31120535 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icz047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) is essential for most metazoan life due to its central role in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), which generates >90% of the cellular adenosine triphosphate. O2 fluctuations are an ultimate mitochondrial stressor resulting in mitochondrial damage, energy deficiency, and cell death. This work provides an overview of the known and putative mechanisms involved in mitochondrial tolerance to fluctuating O2 conditions in hypoxia-tolerant organisms including aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates and invertebrates. Mechanisms of regulation of the mitochondrial OXPHOS and electron transport system (ETS) (including alternative oxidases), sulphide tolerance, regulation of redox status and mitochondrial quality control, and the potential role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in mitochondrial tolerance to hypoxia are discussed. Mitochondrial phenotypes of distantly related animal species reveal common features including conservation and/or anticipatory upregulation of ETS capacity, suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing electron flux through ubiquinone, reversible suppression of OXPHOS activity, and investment into the mitochondrial quality control mechanisms. Despite the putative importance of oxidative stress in adaptations to hypoxia, establishing the link between hypoxia tolerance and mitochondrial redox mechanisms is complicated by the difficulties of establishing the species-specific concentration thresholds above which the damaging effects of ROS outweigh their potentially adaptive signaling function. The key gaps in our knowledge about the potential mechanisms of mitochondrial tolerance to hypoxia include regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion/fission dynamics, and HIF-dependent metabolic regulation that require further investigation in hypoxia-tolerant species. Future physiological, molecular and genetic studies of mitochondrial responses to hypoxia, and reoxygenation in phylogenetically diverse hypoxia-tolerant species could reveal novel solutions to the ubiquitous and metabolically severe problem of O2 deficiency and would have important implications for understanding the evolution of hypoxia tolerance and the potential mitigation of pathological states caused by O2 fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna M Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eugene P Sokolov
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Leibniz ScienceCampus Phosphorus Research Rostock, Warnemünde, Germany
| | - Fouzia Haider
- Department of Marine Biology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Li K, Han W, Zhao Y, Qi Y, Li Y, Bi J, Wang Y, Dong G. Using complex II as an emerging therapeutic target for the treatment of muscle lesions. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 26:1943-1947. [PMID: 31889777 PMCID: PMC6923501 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
After patients has been trapped into skeletal muscle injury, hypoxic and dysfunctional mitochondria brings about a crisis in energy supply that severely disrupts the repair of skeletal muscle. This study aims to elucidate injury-induced adaptations in the mitochondria and provide statistics for the role of complex II in instilling cells with energy under hypoxic conditions. Fifty-six male Wistar rats were divided into control, 12 h, 2 d, 5 d, 7 d, 10 d, 15 d, and 30 d postinjury groups. Contusion injury was made via an instrumented drop-mass technique delivering single impact to the posterior surface of the gastrocnemius of one limb of the rats. ROS levels, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), activities of marker enzymes (miCK, LDH, and ALP), and activities of complexes I–III were determined. Our findings reveal that the first 2 d postinjury, especially at 12 h, is the period with most severe oxidative stress. After injury, the activities of mitochondrial complexes I–III display different behaviors based on time and various energy production mechanisms. Our results highlight that complex II participates in electron transport in the acute phase of blunt trauma. We proposed that CII could be a therapeutic target in muscle lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefeng Li
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Wei Han
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Yujuan Qi
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Yadan Li
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Jun Bi
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Guijun Dong
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, China
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Abstract
Ubiquinone (UQ, coenzyme Q) is an essential electron transfer lipid in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It is a main source of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also has antioxidant properties. This mix of characteristics is why ubiquinone supplementation is considered a potential therapy for many diseases involving mitochondrial dysfunction. Mutations in the ubiquinone biosynthetic pathway are increasingly being identified in patients. Furthermore, secondary ubiquinone deficiency is a common finding associated with mitochondrial disorders and might exacerbate these conditions. Recent developments have suggested that ubiquinone biosynthesis occurs in discrete domains of the mitochondrial inner membrane close to ER-mitochondria contact sites. This spatial requirement for ubiquinone biosynthesis could be the link between secondary ubiquinone deficiency and mitochondrial dysfunction, which commonly results in loss of mitochondrial structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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45
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Castellanos E, Lanning NJ. Phosphorylation of OXPHOS Machinery Subunits: Functional Implications in Cell Biology and Disease. Yale J Biol Med 2019; 92:523-531. [PMID: 31543713 PMCID: PMC6747953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The complexes of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase comprise the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. The reactions of OXPHOS generate the mitochondrial membrane potential, drive the majority of ATP production in respiring cells, and contribute significantly to cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Regulation of OXPHOS is therefore critical to maintain cellular homeostasis. OXPHOS machinery subunits have been found to be highly phosphorylated, implicating this post-translational modification as a means whereby OXPHOS is regulated. Multiple lines of evidence now reveal the diverse mechanisms by which phosphorylation of OXPHOS machinery serve to regulate individual complex stability and activity as well as broader cellular functions. From these mechanistic studies of OXPHOS machinery phosphorylation, it is now clear that many aspects of human health and disease are potentially impacted by phosphorylation of OXPHOS complexes. This mini-review summarizes recent studies that provide robust mechanistic detail related to OXPHOS subunit phosphorylation.
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46
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Mathers KE, Staples JF. Differential posttranslational modification of mitochondrial enzymes corresponds with metabolic suppression during hibernation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 317:R262-R269. [PMID: 31067076 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00052.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During hibernation, small mammals, including the 13-lined ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus), cycle between two distinct metabolic states: torpor, where metabolic rate is suppressed by >95% and body temperature falls to ~5°C, and interbout euthermia (IBE), where both metabolic rate and body temperature rapidly increase to euthermic levels. Suppression of whole animal metabolism during torpor is paralleled by rapid, reversible suppression of mitochondrial respiration. We hypothesized that these changes in mitochondrial metabolism are regulated by posttranslational modifications to mitochondrial proteins. Differential two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and two-dimensional blue-native PAGE revealed differences in the isoelectric point of several liver mitochondrial proteins between torpor and IBE. Quadrupole time-of-flight LC/MS and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization MS identified these as proteins involved in β-oxidation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, reactive oxygen species detoxification, and the electron transport system (ETS). Immunoblots revealed that subunit 1 of ETS complex IV was acetylated during torpor but not IBE. Phosphoprotein staining revealed significantly greater phosphorylation of succinyl-CoA ligase and the flavoprotein subunit of ETS complex II in IBE than torpor. In addition, the 75-kDa subunit of ETS complex I was 1.5-fold more phosphorylated in torpor. In vitro treatment with alkaline phosphatase increased the maximal activity of complex I from liver mitochondria isolated from torpid, but not IBE, animals. By contrast, phosphatase treatment decreased complex II activity in IBE but not torpor. These findings suggest that the rapid changes in mitochondrial metabolism in hibernators are mediated by posttranslational modifications of key metabolic enzymes, perhaps by intramitochondrial kinases and deacetylases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Mathers
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
| | - James F Staples
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
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47
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Mazaki Y, Takada S, Nio-Kobayashi J, Maekawa S, Higashi T, Onodera Y, Sabe H. Mitofusin 2 is involved in chemotaxis of neutrophil-like differentiated HL-60 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:708-713. [PMID: 30987827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils rapidly migrate to infection sites after the recognition of invaders. During chemotaxis, neutrophils require energy supplied by mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), whereas neutrophils rely heavily on glycolysis under normal conditions. Mitochondrial OXPHOS correlates with mitochondrial morphology. Here, we examined the mitochondrial morphology of neutrophil-like differentiated HL-60 cells after chemoattractant N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) stimulation. We found that mitochondrial morphology changes to a tubular form after fMLP stimulation. Mitochondrial OXPHOS activity and mitochondrial complex II significantly increased after fMLP stimulation. On the other hand, the silencing of mitochondrial fusion protein mitofusin 2 (MFN2) suppresses mitochondrial morphological changes. Furthermore, MFN2 silencing suppressed OXPHOS activation and chemotaxis after fMLP stimulation. These results suggest that MFN2 is involved in chemotaxis of differentiated HL-60 cells depending on mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Mazaki
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Shingo Takada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junko Nio-Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maekawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsunehito Higashi
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Onodera
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisataka Sabe
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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48
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Ferro F, Spelat R, Shaw G, Duffy N, Islam MN, O'Shea PM, O'Toole D, Howard L, Murphy JM. Survival/Adaptation of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells After Long-Term Starvation Through Selective Processes. Stem Cells 2019; 37:813-827. [PMID: 30835892 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
After in vivo transplantation, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) face an ischemic microenvironment, characterized by nutrient deprivation and reduced oxygen tension, which reduces their viability and thus their therapeutic potential. Therefore, MSC response to models of in vitro ischemia is of relevance for improving their survival and therapeutic efficacy. The aim of this study was to understand the survival/adaptive response mechanism that MSC use to respond to extreme culture conditions. Specifically, the effect of a long-term starvation on human bone marrow (hBM)-derived MSC cultured in a chemically defined medium (fetal bovine serum-free [SF] and human SF), either in hypoxic or normoxic conditions. We observed that hBM-MSC that were isolated and cultured in SF medium and subjected to a complete starvation for up to 75 days transiently changed their behavior and phenotype. However, at the end of that period, hBM-MSC retained their characteristics as determined by their morphology, DNA damage resistance, proliferation kinetic, and differentiation potential. This survival mode involved a quiescent state, confirmed by increased expression of cell cycle regulators p16, p27, and p57 and decreased expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Ki-67, mTOR, and Nanog. In addition, Jak/STAT (STAT6) antiapoptotic activity selected which cells conserved stemness and that supported metabolic, bioenergetic, and scavenging requirements. We also demonstrated that hBM-MSC exploited an autophagic process which induced lipid β-oxidation as an alternative energy source. Priming MSC by concomitant starvation and culture in hypoxic conditions to induce their quiescence would be of benefit to increase MSC survival when transplanted in vivo. Stem Cells 2019;37:813-827.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ferro
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - Renza Spelat
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Georgina Shaw
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - Niamh Duffy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - Md Nahidul Islam
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Saolta University Health Care Group (SUHCG), Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | - Paula M O'Shea
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Saolta University Health Care Group (SUHCG), Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | - Daniel O'Toole
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - Linda Howard
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - J Mary Murphy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
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49
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Vicente-Gutierrez C, Bonora N, Bobo-Jimenez V, Jimenez-Blasco D, Lopez-Fabuel I, Fernandez E, Josephine C, Bonvento G, Enriquez JA, Almeida A, Bolaños JP. Astrocytic mitochondrial ROS modulate brain metabolism and mouse behaviour. Nat Metab 2019; 1:201-211. [PMID: 32694785 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-018-0031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To satisfy its high energetic demand1, the brain depends on the metabolic cooperation of various cell types2-4. For example, astrocytic-derived lactate sustains memory consolidation5 by serving both as an oxidizable energetic substrate for neurons6 and as a signalling molecule7,8. Astrocytes and neurons also differ in the regulation of glycolytic enzymes9 and in the organization of their mitochondrial respiratory chain10. Unlike neurons, astrocytes rely on glycolysis for energy generation9 and, as a consequence, have a loosely assembled mitochondrial respiratory chain that is associated with a higher generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS)10. However, whether this abundant natural source of mitochondrial ROS in astrocytes fulfils a specific physiological role is unknown. Here we show that astrocytic mitochondrial ROS are physiological regulators of brain metabolism and neuronal function. We generated mice that inducibly overexpress mitochondrial-tagged catalase in astrocytes and show that this overexpression decreases mitochondrial ROS production in these cells during adulthood. Transcriptomic, metabolomic, biochemical, immunohistochemical and behavioural analysis of these mice revealed alterations in brain redox, carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolic pathways associated with altered neuronal function and mouse behaviour. We found that astrocytic mitochondrial ROS regulate glucose utilization via the pentose-phosphate pathway and glutathione metabolism, which modulates the redox status and potentially the survival of neurons. Our data provide further molecular insight into the metabolic cooperation between astrocytes and neurons and demonstrate that mitochondrial ROS are important regulators of organismal physiology in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Vicente-Gutierrez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nicoló Bonora
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Veronica Bobo-Jimenez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Daniel Jimenez-Blasco
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Lopez-Fabuel
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Emilio Fernandez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Charlene Josephine
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), Molecular Imaging Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), Molecular Imaging Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jose A Enriquez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles Almeida
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan P Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
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50
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive reduced oxygen molecules that result from aerobic metabolism. The common forms are the superoxide anion (O2∙-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and their derived forms, hydroxyl radical (HO∙) and hydroperoxyl radical (HOO∙). Their production sites in mitochondria are reviewed. Even though being highly toxic products, ROS seem important in transducing information from dysfunctional mitochondria. Evidences of signal transduction mediated by ROS in mitochondrial deficiency contexts are then presented in different organisms such as yeast, mammals or photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Larosa
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, UR InBios/Phytosystems, Chemin de la Vallée, 4, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Claire Remacle
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, UR InBios/Phytosystems, Chemin de la Vallée, 4, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
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