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Duwat C, Léal P, Vautheny A, Aurégan G, Joséphine C, Gaillard MC, Hérard AS, Jan C, Gipchtein P, Mitja J, Fouquet S, Niepon ML, Hantraye P, Brouillet E, Bonvento G, Cambon K, Bemelmans AP. Development of an AAV-based model of tauopathy targeting retinal ganglion cells and the mouse visual pathway to study the role of microglia in Tau pathology. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 181:106116. [PMID: 37054900 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tauopathy is a typical feature of Alzheimer's disease of major importance because it strongly correlates with the severity of cognitive deficits experienced by patients. During the pathology, it follows a characteristic spatiotemporal course which takes its origin in the transentorhinal cortex, and then gradually invades the entire forebrain. To study the mechanisms of tauopathy, and test new therapeutic strategies, it is necessary to set-up relevant and versatile in vivo models allowing to recapitulate tauopathy. With this in mind, we have developed a model of tauopathy by overexpression of the human wild-type Tau protein in retinal ganglion cells in mice (RGCs). This overexpression led to the presence of hyperphosphorylated forms of the protein in the transduced cells as well as to their progressive degeneration. The application of this model to mice deficient in TREM2 (Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells-2, an important genetic risk factor for AD) as well as to 15-month-old mice showed that microglia actively participate in the degeneration of RGCs. Surprisingly, although we were able to detect the transgenic Tau protein up to the terminal arborization of RGCs at the level of the superior colliculi, spreading of the transgenic Tau protein to post-synaptic neurons was detected only in aged animals. This suggests that there may be neuron-intrinsic- or microenvironment mediators facilitating this spreading that appear with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Duwat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives: mécanismes, thérapies, imagerie, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Pauline Léal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives: mécanismes, thérapies, imagerie, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Audrey Vautheny
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives: mécanismes, thérapies, imagerie, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gwennaëlle Aurégan
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives: mécanismes, thérapies, imagerie, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Charlène Joséphine
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives: mécanismes, thérapies, imagerie, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marie-Claude Gaillard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives: mécanismes, thérapies, imagerie, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Hérard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives: mécanismes, thérapies, imagerie, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Caroline Jan
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives: mécanismes, thérapies, imagerie, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Pauline Gipchtein
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives: mécanismes, thérapies, imagerie, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Mitja
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives: mécanismes, thérapies, imagerie, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stéphane Fouquet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | | | - Philippe Hantraye
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives: mécanismes, thérapies, imagerie, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Emmanuel Brouillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives: mécanismes, thérapies, imagerie, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives: mécanismes, thérapies, imagerie, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Karine Cambon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives: mécanismes, thérapies, imagerie, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Alexis-Pierre Bemelmans
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives: mécanismes, thérapies, imagerie, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Abjean L, Ben Haim L, Riquelme-Perez M, Gipchtein P, Derbois C, Palomares MA, Petit F, Hérard AS, Gaillard MC, Guillermier M, Gaudin-Guérif M, Aurégan G, Sagar N, Héry C, Dufour N, Robil N, Kabani M, Melki R, De la Grange P, Bemelmans AP, Bonvento G, Deleuze JF, Hantraye P, Flament J, Bonnet E, Brohard S, Olaso R, Brouillet E, Carrillo-de Sauvage MA, Escartin C. Reactive astrocytes promote proteostasis in Huntington's disease through the JAK2-STAT3 pathway. Brain 2023; 146:149-166. [PMID: 35298632 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by striatal neurodegeneration, aggregation of mutant Huntingtin and the presence of reactive astrocytes. Astrocytes are important partners for neurons and engage in a specific reactive response in Huntington's disease that involves morphological, molecular and functional changes. How reactive astrocytes contribute to Huntington's disease is still an open question, especially because their reactive state is poorly reproduced in experimental mouse models. Here, we show that the JAK2-STAT3 pathway, a central cascade controlling astrocyte reactive response, is activated in the putamen of Huntington's disease patients. Selective activation of this cascade in astrocytes through viral gene transfer reduces the number and size of mutant Huntingtin aggregates in neurons and improves neuronal defects in two complementary mouse models of Huntington's disease. It also reduces striatal atrophy and increases glutamate levels, two central clinical outcomes measured by non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging. Moreover, astrocyte-specific transcriptomic analysis shows that activation of the JAK2-STAT3 pathway in astrocytes coordinates a transcriptional program that increases their intrinsic proteolytic capacity, through the lysosomal and ubiquitin-proteasome degradation systems. This pathway also enhances their production and exosomal release of the co-chaperone DNAJB1, which contributes to mutant Huntingtin clearance in neurons. Together, our results show that the JAK2-STAT3 pathway controls a beneficial proteostasis response in reactive astrocytes in Huntington's disease, which involves bi-directional signalling with neurons to reduce mutant Huntingtin aggregation, eventually improving disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurene Abjean
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Lucile Ben Haim
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Miriam Riquelme-Perez
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Pauline Gipchtein
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Céline Derbois
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Marie-Ange Palomares
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Fanny Petit
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Hérard
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marie-Claude Gaillard
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Martine Guillermier
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mylène Gaudin-Guérif
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gwennaëlle Aurégan
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nisrine Sagar
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Cameron Héry
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Noëlle Dufour
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Mehdi Kabani
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Ronald Melki
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Alexis P Bemelmans
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Philippe Hantraye
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Flament
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Eric Bonnet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Solène Brohard
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Robert Olaso
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Emmanuel Brouillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Maria-Angeles Carrillo-de Sauvage
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Carole Escartin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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3
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Bonvento G. Glycolysis‐derived L‐serine in hippocampal astrocytes rescues synaptic plasticity and memory loss in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.060044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Bonvento
- Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay‐aux‐roses France
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4
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Bonvento G, Oliet SHR, Panatier A. Glycolysis-derived L-serine levels versus PHGDH expression in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Metab 2022; 34:654-655. [PMID: 35508106 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent work from Bonvento and colleagues indicated that synaptic and memory deficits in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) are related to a shortage in L-serine production in astrocytes. Here, the authors, responding to correspondence from Chen and colleagues, discuss how this deficiency does not necessarily require a decrease in PHGDH expression and conclude that the primary event leading to lower serine production is more likely related to altered glycolytic flux in early AD than to PHGDH expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Bonvento
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Stéphane H R Oliet
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aude Panatier
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France
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Abstract
The brain has almost no energy reserve, but its activity coordinates organismal function, a burden that requires precise coupling between neurotransmission and energy metabolism. Deciphering how the brain accomplishes this complex task is crucial to understand central facets of human physiology and disease mechanisms. Each type of neural cell displays a peculiar metabolic signature, forcing the intercellular exchange of metabolites that serve as both energy precursors and paracrine signals. The paradigm of this biological feature is the astrocyte-neuron couple, in which the glycolytic metabolism of astrocytes contrasts with the mitochondrial oxidative activity of neurons. Astrocytes generate abundant mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and shuttle to neurons glycolytically derived metabolites, such as L-lactate and L-serine, which sustain energy needs, conserve redox status, and modulate neurotransmitter-receptor activity. Conversely, early disruption of this metabolic cooperation may contribute to the initiation or progression of several neurological diseases, thus requiring innovative therapies to preserve brain energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Bonvento
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Juan P Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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6
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Cresto N, Gardier C, Gaillard MC, Gubinelli F, Roost P, Molina D, Josephine C, Dufour N, Auregan G, Guillermier M, Bernier S, Jan C, Gipchtein P, Hantraye P, Chartier-Harlin MC, Bonvento G, Van Camp N, Taymans JM, Cambon K, Liot G, Bemelmans AP, Brouillet E. The C-Terminal Domain of LRRK2 with the G2019S Substitution Increases Mutant A53T α-Synuclein Toxicity in Dopaminergic Neurons In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136760. [PMID: 34201785 PMCID: PMC8268201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) play crucial roles in Parkinson's disease (PD). They may functionally interact to induce the degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons via mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. We previously showed that the C-terminal portion of LRRK2 (ΔLRRK2) with the G2019S mutation (ΔLRRK2G2019S) was sufficient to induce neurodegeneration of DA neurons in vivo, suggesting that mutated LRRK2 induces neurotoxicity through mechanisms that are (i) independent of the N-terminal domains and (ii) "cell-autonomous". Here, we explored whether ΔLRRK2G2019S could modify α-syn toxicity through these two mechanisms. We used a co-transduction approach in rats with AAV vectors encoding ΔLRRK2G2019S or its "dead" kinase form, ΔLRRK2DK, and human α-syn with the A53T mutation (AAV-α-synA53T). Behavioral and histological evaluations were performed at 6- and 15-weeks post-injection. Results showed that neither form of ΔLRRK2 alone induced the degeneration of neurons at these post-injection time points. By contrast, injection of AAV-α-synA53T alone resulted in motor signs and degeneration of DA neurons. Co-injection of AAV-α-synA53T with AAV-ΔLRRK2G2019S induced DA neuron degeneration that was significantly higher than that induced by AAV-α-synA53T alone or with AAV-ΔLRRK2DK. Thus, mutated α-syn neurotoxicity can be enhanced by the C-terminal domain of LRRK2G2019 alone, through cell-autonomous mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Cresto
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (N.C.); (C.G.); (M.-C.G.); (F.G.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (C.J.); (N.D.); (G.A.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (C.J.); (P.G.); (P.H.); (G.B.); (N.V.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (A.-P.B.)
| | - Camille Gardier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (N.C.); (C.G.); (M.-C.G.); (F.G.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (C.J.); (N.D.); (G.A.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (C.J.); (P.G.); (P.H.); (G.B.); (N.V.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (A.-P.B.)
| | - Marie-Claude Gaillard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (N.C.); (C.G.); (M.-C.G.); (F.G.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (C.J.); (N.D.); (G.A.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (C.J.); (P.G.); (P.H.); (G.B.); (N.V.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (A.-P.B.)
| | - Francesco Gubinelli
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (N.C.); (C.G.); (M.-C.G.); (F.G.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (C.J.); (N.D.); (G.A.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (C.J.); (P.G.); (P.H.); (G.B.); (N.V.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (A.-P.B.)
| | - Pauline Roost
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (N.C.); (C.G.); (M.-C.G.); (F.G.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (C.J.); (N.D.); (G.A.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (C.J.); (P.G.); (P.H.); (G.B.); (N.V.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (A.-P.B.)
| | - Daniela Molina
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (N.C.); (C.G.); (M.-C.G.); (F.G.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (C.J.); (N.D.); (G.A.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (C.J.); (P.G.); (P.H.); (G.B.); (N.V.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (A.-P.B.)
| | - Charlène Josephine
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (N.C.); (C.G.); (M.-C.G.); (F.G.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (C.J.); (N.D.); (G.A.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (C.J.); (P.G.); (P.H.); (G.B.); (N.V.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (A.-P.B.)
| | - Noëlle Dufour
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (N.C.); (C.G.); (M.-C.G.); (F.G.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (C.J.); (N.D.); (G.A.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (C.J.); (P.G.); (P.H.); (G.B.); (N.V.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (A.-P.B.)
| | - Gwenaëlle Auregan
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (N.C.); (C.G.); (M.-C.G.); (F.G.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (C.J.); (N.D.); (G.A.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (C.J.); (P.G.); (P.H.); (G.B.); (N.V.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (A.-P.B.)
| | - Martine Guillermier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (N.C.); (C.G.); (M.-C.G.); (F.G.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (C.J.); (N.D.); (G.A.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (C.J.); (P.G.); (P.H.); (G.B.); (N.V.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (A.-P.B.)
| | - Suéva Bernier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (N.C.); (C.G.); (M.-C.G.); (F.G.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (C.J.); (N.D.); (G.A.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (C.J.); (P.G.); (P.H.); (G.B.); (N.V.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (A.-P.B.)
| | - Caroline Jan
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (N.C.); (C.G.); (M.-C.G.); (F.G.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (C.J.); (N.D.); (G.A.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (C.J.); (P.G.); (P.H.); (G.B.); (N.V.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (A.-P.B.)
| | - Pauline Gipchtein
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (N.C.); (C.G.); (M.-C.G.); (F.G.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (C.J.); (N.D.); (G.A.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (C.J.); (P.G.); (P.H.); (G.B.); (N.V.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (A.-P.B.)
| | - Philippe Hantraye
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (N.C.); (C.G.); (M.-C.G.); (F.G.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (C.J.); (N.D.); (G.A.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (C.J.); (P.G.); (P.H.); (G.B.); (N.V.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (A.-P.B.)
| | - Marie-Christine Chartier-Harlin
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.-C.C.-H.); (J.-M.T.)
- Brain Biology and Chemistry, LiCEND, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (N.C.); (C.G.); (M.-C.G.); (F.G.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (C.J.); (N.D.); (G.A.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (C.J.); (P.G.); (P.H.); (G.B.); (N.V.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (A.-P.B.)
| | - Nadja Van Camp
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (N.C.); (C.G.); (M.-C.G.); (F.G.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (C.J.); (N.D.); (G.A.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (C.J.); (P.G.); (P.H.); (G.B.); (N.V.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (A.-P.B.)
| | - Jean-Marc Taymans
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.-C.C.-H.); (J.-M.T.)
- Brain Biology and Chemistry, LiCEND, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Karine Cambon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (N.C.); (C.G.); (M.-C.G.); (F.G.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (C.J.); (N.D.); (G.A.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (C.J.); (P.G.); (P.H.); (G.B.); (N.V.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (A.-P.B.)
| | - Géraldine Liot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (N.C.); (C.G.); (M.-C.G.); (F.G.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (C.J.); (N.D.); (G.A.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (C.J.); (P.G.); (P.H.); (G.B.); (N.V.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (A.-P.B.)
| | - Alexis-Pierre Bemelmans
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (N.C.); (C.G.); (M.-C.G.); (F.G.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (C.J.); (N.D.); (G.A.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (C.J.); (P.G.); (P.H.); (G.B.); (N.V.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (A.-P.B.)
| | - Emmanuel Brouillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, MIRCen, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (N.C.); (C.G.); (M.-C.G.); (F.G.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (C.J.); (N.D.); (G.A.); (M.G.); (S.B.); (C.J.); (P.G.); (P.H.); (G.B.); (N.V.C.); (K.C.); (G.L.); (A.-P.B.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Vautheny A, Duwat C, Aurégan G, Joséphine C, Hérard AS, Jan C, Mitja J, Gipchtein P, Gaillard MC, Buée L, Blum D, Hantraye P, Bonvento G, Brouillet E, Cambon K, Bemelmans AP. THY-Tau22 mouse model accumulates more tauopathy at late stage of the disease in response to microglia deactivation through TREM2 deficiency. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 155:105398. [PMID: 34019997 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role played by microglia has taken the center of the stage in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several genome-wide association studies carried out on large cohorts of patients have indeed revealed a large number of genetic susceptibility factors corresponding to genes involved in neuroinflammation and expressed specifically by microglia in the brain. Among these genes TREM2, a cell surface receptor expressed by microglia, arouses strong interest because its R47H variant confers a risk of developing AD comparable to the ε4 allele of the APOE gene. Since this discovery, a growing number of studies have therefore examined the role played by TREM2 in the evolution of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, the two brain lesions characteristic of AD. Many studies report conflicting results, reflecting the complex nature of microglial activation in AD. Here, we investigated the impact of TREM2 deficiency in the THY-Tau22 transgenic line, a well-characterized model of tauopathy. Our study reports an increase in the severity of tauopathy lesions in mice deficient in TREM2 occurring at an advanced stage of the pathology. This exacerbation of pathology was associated with a reduction in microglial activation indicated by typical morphological features and altered expression of specific markers. However, it was not accompanied by any further changes in memory performance. Our longitudinal study confirms that a defect in microglial TREM2 signaling leads to an increase in neuronal tauopathy occurring only at late stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Vautheny
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Charlotte Duwat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gwennaëlle Aurégan
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Charlène Joséphine
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Hérard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Caroline Jan
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Mitja
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Pauline Gipchtein
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marie-Claude Gaillard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Luc Buée
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France
| | - David Blum
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France
| | - Philippe Hantraye
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Emmanuel Brouillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Karine Cambon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Alexis-Pierre Bemelmans
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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8
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Maté de Gérando A, d'Orange M, Augustin E, Joséphine C, Aurégan G, Gaudin-Guérif M, Guillermier M, Hérard AS, Stimmer L, Petit F, Gipchtein P, Jan C, Escartin C, Selingue E, Carvalho K, Blum D, Brouillet E, Hantraye P, Gaillard MC, Bonvento G, Bemelmans AP, Cambon K. Neuronal tau species transfer to astrocytes and induce their loss according to tau aggregation state. Brain 2021; 144:1167-1182. [PMID: 33842937 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deposits of different abnormal forms of tau in neurons and astrocytes represent key anatomo-pathological features of tauopathies. Although tau protein is highly enriched in neurons and poorly expressed by astrocytes, the origin of astrocytic tau is still elusive. Here, we used innovative gene transfer tools to model tauopathies in adult mouse brains and to investigate the origin of astrocytic tau. We showed in our adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based models and in Thy-Tau22 transgenic mice that astrocytic tau pathology can emerge secondarily to neuronal pathology. By designing an in vivo reporter system, we further demonstrated bidirectional exchanges of tau species between neurons and astrocytes. We then determined the consequences of tau accumulation in astrocytes on their survival in models displaying various status of tau aggregation. Using stereological counting of astrocytes, we report that, as for neurons, soluble tau species are highly toxic to some subpopulations of astrocytes in the hippocampus, whereas the accumulation of tau aggregates does not affect their survival. Thus, astrocytes are not mere bystanders of neuronal pathology. Our results strongly suggest that tau pathology in astrocytes may significantly contribute to clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasie Maté de Gérando
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marie d'Orange
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Emma Augustin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Charlène Joséphine
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gwénaelle Aurégan
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mylène Gaudin-Guérif
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Martine Guillermier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Hérard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Lev Stimmer
- MIRCen, INSERM-CEA, Platform for experimental pathology, U1169 and US27, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Fanny Petit
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Pauline Gipchtein
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Caroline Jan
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Carole Escartin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Erwan Selingue
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Neurospin, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Kévin Carvalho
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France.,Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - David Blum
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France.,Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Brouillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Hantraye
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marie-Claude Gaillard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Alexis-Pierre Bemelmans
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Karine Cambon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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9
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Escartin C, Galea E, Lakatos A, O'Callaghan JP, Petzold GC, Serrano-Pozo A, Steinhäuser C, Volterra A, Carmignoto G, Agarwal A, Allen NJ, Araque A, Barbeito L, Barzilai A, Bergles DE, Bonvento G, Butt AM, Chen WT, Cohen-Salmon M, Cunningham C, Deneen B, De Strooper B, Díaz-Castro B, Farina C, Freeman M, Gallo V, Goldman JE, Goldman SA, Götz M, Gutiérrez A, Haydon PG, Heiland DH, Hol EM, Holt MG, Iino M, Kastanenka KV, Kettenmann H, Khakh BS, Koizumi S, Lee CJ, Liddelow SA, MacVicar BA, Magistretti P, Messing A, Mishra A, Molofsky AV, Murai KK, Norris CM, Okada S, Oliet SHR, Oliveira JF, Panatier A, Parpura V, Pekna M, Pekny M, Pellerin L, Perea G, Pérez-Nievas BG, Pfrieger FW, Poskanzer KE, Quintana FJ, Ransohoff RM, Riquelme-Perez M, Robel S, Rose CR, Rothstein JD, Rouach N, Rowitch DH, Semyanov A, Sirko S, Sontheimer H, Swanson RA, Vitorica J, Wanner IB, Wood LB, Wu J, Zheng B, Zimmer ER, Zorec R, Sofroniew MV, Verkhratsky A. Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:312-325. [PMID: 33589835 PMCID: PMC8007081 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-00783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 937] [Impact Index Per Article: 312.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Reactive astrocytes are astrocytes undergoing morphological, molecular, and functional remodeling in response to injury, disease, or infection of the CNS. Although this remodeling was first described over a century ago, uncertainties and controversies remain regarding the contribution of reactive astrocytes to CNS diseases, repair, and aging. It is also unclear whether fixed categories of reactive astrocytes exist and, if so, how to identify them. We point out the shortcomings of binary divisions of reactive astrocytes into good-vs-bad, neurotoxic-vs-neuroprotective or A1-vs-A2. We advocate, instead, that research on reactive astrocytes include assessment of multiple molecular and functional parameters-preferably in vivo-plus multivariate statistics and determination of impact on pathological hallmarks in relevant models. These guidelines may spur the discovery of astrocyte-based biomarkers as well as astrocyte-targeting therapies that abrogate detrimental actions of reactive astrocytes, potentiate their neuro- and glioprotective actions, and restore or augment their homeostatic, modulatory, and defensive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Escartin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Elena Galea
- Institut de Neurociències and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - András Lakatos
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - James P O'Callaghan
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Gabor C Petzold
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Division of Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alberto Serrano-Pozo
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian Steinhäuser
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Volterra
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Carmignoto
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Amit Agarwal
- The Chica and Heinz Schaller Research Group, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicola J Allen
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alfonso Araque
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Ari Barzilai
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dwight E Bergles
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Arthur M Butt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Wei-Ting Chen
- Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB and University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martine Cohen-Salmon
- 'Physiology and Physiopathology of the Gliovascular Unit' Research Group, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241 CNRS, Unité1050 INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Colm Cunningham
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute & Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Benjamin Deneen
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bart De Strooper
- Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB and University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University College London, London, UK
| | - Blanca Díaz-Castro
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cinthia Farina
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) and Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Gallo
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - James E Goldman
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven A Goldman
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Science and Rigshospitalet, Kobenhavn N, Denmark
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet & Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
- Synergy, Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology, Biomedical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonia Gutiérrez
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Philip G Haydon
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dieter H Heiland
- Microenvironment and Immunology Research Laboratory, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew G Holt
- Laboratory of Glia Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Masamitsu Iino
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ksenia V Kastanenka
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Baljit S Khakh
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science 55, Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Shane A Liddelow
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Ophthalmology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Brian A MacVicar
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pierre Magistretti
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Centre de Neurosciences Psychiatriques, University of Lausanne and CHUV, Site de Cery, Prilly-Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Albee Messing
- Waisman Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anusha Mishra
- Department of Neurology Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Anna V Molofsky
- Departments of Psychiatry/Weill Institute for Neuroscience University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Keith K Murai
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher M Norris
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Seiji Okada
- Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Stéphane H R Oliet
- Université de Bordeaux, Inserm, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - João F Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- IPCA-EST-2Ai, Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Applied Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Campus of IPCA, Barcelos, Portugal
| | - Aude Panatier
- Université de Bordeaux, Inserm, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vladimir Parpura
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Marcela Pekna
- Laboratory of Regenerative Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Milos Pekny
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Luc Pellerin
- INSERM U1082, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Gertrudis Perea
- Department of Functional and Systems Neurobiology, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz G Pérez-Nievas
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Frank W Pfrieger
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kira E Poskanzer
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Associate Member, The Broad Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Miriam Riquelme-Perez
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stefanie Robel
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, School of Neuroscience Virginia Tech, Riverside Circle, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Christine R Rose
- Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jeffrey D Rothstein
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathalie Rouach
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University Paris, Paris, France
| | - David H Rowitch
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexey Semyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Swetlana Sirko
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Sontheimer
- Virginia Tech School of Neuroscience and Center for Glial Biology in Health, Disease and Cancer, Virginia Tech at the Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Raymond A Swanson
- Dept. of Neurology, University of California San Francisco and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Javier Vitorica
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Dept. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ina-Beate Wanner
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, IDDRC, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Levi B Wood
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory, and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jiaqian Wu
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Binhai Zheng
- Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla; VA San Diego Research Service, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Michael V Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
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10
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Sarmiento Soto M, Larkin JR, Martin C, Khrapitchev AA, Maczka M, Economopoulos V, Scott H, Escartin C, Bonvento G, Serres S, Sibson NR. STAT3-Mediated Astrocyte Reactivity Associated with Brain Metastasis Contributes to Neurovascular Dysfunction. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5642-5655. [PMID: 33106335 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are thought to play a pivotal role in coupling neural activity and cerebral blood flow. However, it has been shown that astrocytes undergo morphologic changes in response to brain metastasis, switching to a reactive phenotype, which has the potential to significantly compromise cerebrovascular function and contribute to the neurological sequelae associated with brain metastasis. Given that STAT3 is a key regulator of astrocyte reactivity, we aimed here to determine the impact of STAT3-mediated astrocyte reactivity on neurovascular function in brain metastasis. Rat models of brain metastasis and ciliary neurotrophic factor were used to induce astrocyte reactivity. Multimodal imaging, electrophysiology, and IHC were performed to determine the relationship between reactive astrocytes and changes in the cerebrovascular response to electrical and physiological stimuli. Subsequently, the STAT3 pathway in astrocytes was inhibited with WP1066 to determine the role of STAT3-mediated astrocyte reactivity, specifically, in brain metastasis. Astrocyte reactivity associated with brain metastases impaired cerebrovascular responses to stimuli at both the cellular and functional level and disrupted astrocyte-endothelial interactions in both animal models and human brain metastasis samples. Inhibition of STAT3-mediated astrocyte reactivity in rats with brain metastases restored cerebrovascular function, as shown by in vivo imaging, and limited cerebrovascular changes associated with tumor growth. Together these findings suggest that inhibiting STAT3-mediated astrocyte reactivity may confer significant improvements in neurological outcome for patients with brain metastases and could potentially be tested in other brain tumors. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that selectively targeting STAT3-mediated astrocyte reactivity ameliorates the cerebrovascular dysfunction associated with brain metastasis, providing a potential therapeutic avenue for improved patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Sarmiento Soto
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Seville, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - James R Larkin
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Martin
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre A Khrapitchev
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Maczka
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vasiliki Economopoulos
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Scott
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carole Escartin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sébastien Serres
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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11
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Maugard M, Vigneron PA, Bolaños JP, Bonvento G. l-Serine links metabolism with neurotransmission. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 197:101896. [PMID: 32798642 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brain energy metabolism is often considered as a succession of biochemical steps that metabolize the fuel (glucose and oxygen) for the unique purpose of providing sufficient ATP to maintain the huge information processing power of the brain. However, a significant fraction (10-15 %) of glucose is shunted away from the ATP-producing pathway (oxidative phosphorylation) and may be used to support other functions. Recent studies have pointed to the marked compartmentation of energy metabolic pathways between neurons and glial cells. Here, we focused our attention on the biosynthesis of l-serine, a non-essential amino acid that is formed exclusively in glial cells (mostly astrocytes) by re-routing the metabolic fate of the glycolytic intermediate, 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG). This metabolic pathway is called the phosphorylated pathway and transforms 3PG into l-serine via three enzymatic reactions. We first compiled the available data on the mechanisms that regulate the flux through this metabolic pathway. We then reviewed the current evidence that is beginning to unravel the roles of l-serine both in the healthy and diseased brain, leading to the notion that this specific metabolic pathway connects glial metabolism with synaptic activity and plasticity. We finally suggest that restoring astrocyte-mediated l-serine homeostasis may provide new therapeutic strategies for brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Maugard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Pierre-Antoine Vigneron
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Juan P Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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12
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Jimenez-Blasco D, Busquets-Garcia A, Hebert-Chatelain E, Serrat R, Vicente-Gutierrez C, Ioannidou C, Gómez-Sotres P, Lopez-Fabuel I, Resch-Beusher M, Resel E, Arnouil D, Saraswat D, Varilh M, Cannich A, Julio-Kalajzic F, Bonilla-Del Río I, Almeida A, Puente N, Achicallende S, Lopez-Rodriguez ML, Jollé C, Déglon N, Pellerin L, Josephine C, Bonvento G, Panatier A, Lutz B, Piazza PV, Guzmán M, Bellocchio L, Bouzier-Sore AK, Grandes P, Bolaños JP, Marsicano G. Glucose metabolism links astroglial mitochondria to cannabinoid effects. Nature 2020; 583:603-608. [PMID: 32641832 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2470-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes take up glucose from the bloodstream to provide energy to the brain, thereby allowing neuronal activity and behavioural responses1-5. By contrast, astrocytes are under neuronal control through specific neurotransmitter receptors5-7. However, whether the activation of astroglial receptors can directly regulate cellular glucose metabolism to eventually modulate behavioural responses is unclear. Here we show that activation of mouse astroglial type-1 cannabinoid receptors associated with mitochondrial membranes (mtCB1) hampers the metabolism of glucose and the production of lactate in the brain, resulting in altered neuronal functions and, in turn, impaired behavioural responses in social interaction assays. Specifically, activation of astroglial mtCB1 receptors reduces the phosphorylation of the mitochondrial complex I subunit NDUFS4, which decreases the stability and activity of complex I. This leads to a reduction in the generation of reactive oxygen species by astrocytes and affects the glycolytic production of lactate through the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 pathway, eventually resulting in neuronal redox stress and impairment of behavioural responses in social interaction assays. Genetic and pharmacological correction of each of these effects abolishes the effect of cannabinoid treatment on the observed behaviour. These findings suggest that mtCB1 receptor signalling can directly regulate astroglial glucose metabolism to fine-tune neuronal activity and behaviour in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jimenez-Blasco
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Arnau Busquets-Garcia
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Etienne Hebert-Chatelain
- Canada Research Chair in Mitochondrial Signaling and Physiopathology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada.,Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Roman Serrat
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Carlos Vicente-Gutierrez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Christina Ioannidou
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Paula Gómez-Sotres
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Irene Lopez-Fabuel
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Monica Resch-Beusher
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eva Resel
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dorian Arnouil
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Dave Saraswat
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marjorie Varilh
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Astrid Cannich
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Itziar Bonilla-Del Río
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Angeles Almeida
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nagore Puente
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Svein Achicallende
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | | | - Charlotte Jollé
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Déglon
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies (LCMN), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luc Pellerin
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, CNRS-University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM U1082, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Charlène Josephine
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Aude Panatier
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
| | - Pier-Vincenzo Piazza
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Aelis Farma, Bordeaux, France
| | - Manuel Guzmán
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luigi Bellocchio
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne-Karine Bouzier-Sore
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, CNRS-University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pedro Grandes
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Juan P Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France. .,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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13
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Dumas L, Clavreul S, Durand J, Hernandez-Garzon E, Abdeladim L, Barry-Martinet R, Caballero-Megido A, Beaurepaire E, Bonvento G, Livet J, Loulier K. In Utero Electroporation of Multiaddressable Genome-Integrating Color (MAGIC) Markers to Individualize Cortical Mouse Astrocytes. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32510512 DOI: 10.3791/61110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Protoplasmic astrocytes (PrA) located in the mouse cerebral cortex are tightly juxtaposed, forming an apparently continuous three-dimensional matrix at adult stages. Thus far, no immunostaining strategy can single them out and segment their morphology in mature animals and over the course of corticogenesis. Cortical PrA originate from progenitors located in the dorsal pallium and can easily be targeted using in utero electroporation of integrative vectors. A protocol is presented here to label these cells with the multiaddressable genome-integrating color (MAGIC) Markers strategy, which relies on piggyBac/Tol2 transposition and Cre/lox recombination to stochastically express distinct fluorescent proteins (blue, cyan, yellow, and red) addressed to specific subcellular compartments. This multicolor fate mapping strategy enables to mark in situ nearby cortical progenitors with combinations of color markers prior to the start of gliogenesis and to track their descendants, including astrocytes, from embryonic to adult stages at the individual cell level. Semi-sparse labeling achieved by adjusting the concentration of electroporated vectors and color contrasts provided by the Multiaddressable Genome-Integrating Color Markers (MAGIC Markers or MM) enable to individualize astrocytes and single out their territory and complex morphology despite their dense anatomical arrangement. Presented here is a comprehensive experimental workflow including the details of the electroporation procedure, multichannel image stacks acquisition by confocal microscopy, and computer-assisted three-dimensional segmentation that will enable the experimenter to assess individual PrA volume and morphology. In summary, electroporation of MAGIC Markers provides a convenient method to individually label numerous astrocytes and gain access to their anatomical features at different developmental stages. This technique will be useful to analyze cortical astrocyte morphological properties in various mouse models without resorting to complex crosses with transgenic reporter lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dumas
- Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier
| | | | - Jason Durand
- Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier
| | | | - Lamiae Abdeladim
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Beaurepaire
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives
| | - Jean Livet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision
| | - Karine Loulier
- Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier;
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14
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Van Camp N, Balbastre Y, Herard AS, Lavisse S, Tauber C, Wimberley C, Guillermier M, Berniard A, Gipchtein P, Jan C, Badin RA, Delzescaux T, Hantraye P, Bonvento G. Assessment of simplified methods for quantification of [ 18F]-DPA-714 using 3D whole-brain TSPO immunohistochemistry in a non-human primate. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:1103-1116. [PMID: 31238764 PMCID: PMC7181080 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19859034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is the main molecular target to image neuroinflammation by positron emission tomography (PET). However, TSPO-PET quantification is complex and none of the kinetic modelling approaches has been validated using a voxel-by-voxel comparison of TSPO-PET data with the actual TSPO levels of expression. Here, we present a single case study of binary classification of in vivo PET data to evaluate the statistical performance of different TSPO-PET quantification methods. To that end, we induced a localized and adjustable increase of TSPO levels in a non-human primate brain through a viral-vector strategy. We then performed a voxel-wise comparison of the different TSPO-PET quantification approaches providing parametric [18F]-DPA-714 PET images, with co-registered in vitro three-dimensional TSPO immunohistochemistry (3D-IHC) data. A data matrix was extracted from each brain hemisphere, containing the TSPO-IHC and TSPO-PET data for each voxel position. Each voxel was then classified as false or true, positive or negative after comparison of the TSPO-PET measure to the reference 3D-IHC method. Finally, receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were calculated for each TSPO-PET quantification method. Our results show that standard uptake value ratios using cerebellum as a reference region (SUVCBL) has the most optimal ROC score amongst all non-invasive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Van Camp
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Yaël Balbastre
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Herard
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sonia Lavisse
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Clovis Tauber
- UMR Inserm U 1253 - Imagerie et Cerveau (iBrain) - University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Catriona Wimberley
- Edinburgh Imaging Facility QMRI, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Martine Guillermier
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Aurélie Berniard
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Pauline Gipchtein
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Caroline Jan
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Romina Aron Badin
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Thierry Delzescaux
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Hantraye
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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15
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Guillemaud O, Ceyzériat K, Saint-Georges T, Cambon K, Petit F, Ben Haim L, Carrillo-de Sauvage MA, Guillermier M, Bernier S, Hérard AS, Joséphine C, Bémelmans AP, Brouillet E, Hantraye P, Bonvento G, Escartin C. Complex roles for reactive astrocytes in the triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer disease. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 90:135-146. [PMID: 32171592 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In Alzheimer disease (AD), astrocytes undergo complex changes and become reactive. The consequences of this reaction are still unclear. To evaluate the net impact of reactive astrocytes in AD, we developed viral vectors targeting astrocytes that either activate or inhibit the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2-STAT3) pathway, a central cascade controlling astrocyte reaction. We aimed to evaluate whether reactive astrocytes contribute to tau as well as amyloid pathologies in the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD mice, an AD model that develops tau hyper-phosphorylation and amyloid deposition. JAK2-STAT3 pathway-mediated modulation of reactive astrocytes in 25% of the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD mice did not significantly influence tau phosphorylation or amyloid processing and deposition at early, advanced, and terminal disease stage. Interestingly, inhibition of the JAK2-STAT3 pathway in hippocampal astrocytes did not improve spatial memory in the Y maze but it did reduce anxiety in the elevated plus maze. Our unique approach to specifically manipulate reactive astrocytes in situ show they may impact behavioral outcomes without influencing tau or amyloid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Océane Guillemaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Kelly Ceyzériat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Thomas Saint-Georges
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Karine Cambon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Fanny Petit
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Lucile Ben Haim
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Martine Guillermier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sueva Bernier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Hérard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Charlène Joséphine
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Alexis Pierre Bémelmans
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Emmanuel Brouillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Hantraye
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Carole Escartin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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16
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Cresto N, Gaillard MC, Gardier C, Gubinelli F, Diguet E, Bellet D, Legroux L, Mitja J, Auregan G, Guillermier M, Josephine C, Jan C, Dufour N, Joliot A, Hantraye P, Bonvento G, Déglon N, Bemelmans AP, Cambon K, Liot G, Brouillet E. The C-terminal domain of LRRK2 with the G2019S mutation is sufficient to produce neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in vivo. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 134:104614. [PMID: 31605779 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The G2019S substitution in the kinase domain of LRRK2 (LRRK2G2019S) is the most prevalent mutation associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Neurotoxic effects of LRRK2G2019S are thought to result from an increase in its kinase activity as compared to wild type LRRK2. However, it is unclear whether the kinase domain of LRRK2G2019S is sufficient to trigger degeneration or if the full length protein is required. To address this question, we generated constructs corresponding to the C-terminal domain of LRRK2 (ΔLRRK2). A kinase activity that was increased by G2019➔S substitution could be detected in ΔLRRK2. However biochemical experiments suggested it did not bind or phosphorylate the substrate RAB10, in contrast to full length LRRK2. The overexpression of ΔLRRK2G2019S in the rat striatum using lentiviral vectors (LVs) offered a straightforward and simple way to investigate its effects in neurons in vivo. Results from a RT-qPCR array analysis indicated that ΔLRRK2G2019S led to significant mRNA expression changes consistent with a kinase-dependent mechanism. We next asked whether ΔLRRK2 could be sufficient to trigger neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in adult rats. Six months after infection of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) with LV-ΔLRRK2WT or LV-ΔLRRK2G2019S, the number of DA neurons was unchanged. To examine whether higher levels of ΔLRRK2G2019S could trigger degeneration we cloned ΔLRRK2 in AAV2/9 construct. As expected, AAV2/9 injected in the SNc led to neuronal expression of ΔLRRK2WT and ΔLRRK2G2019S at much higher levels than those obtained with LVs. Six months after injection, unbiased stereology showed that AAV-ΔLRRK2G2019S produced a significant ~30% loss of neurons positive for tyrosine hydroxylase- and for the vesicular dopamine transporter whereas AAV-ΔLRRK2WT did not. These findings show that overexpression of the C-terminal part of LRRK2 containing the mutant kinase domain is sufficient to trigger degeneration of DA neurons, through cell-autonomous mechanisms, possibly independent of RAB10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Cresto
- CEA, DRF, Institut de Biologie Françoise Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marie-Claude Gaillard
- CEA, DRF, Institut de Biologie Françoise Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Camille Gardier
- CEA, DRF, Institut de Biologie Françoise Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Francesco Gubinelli
- CEA, DRF, Institut de Biologie Françoise Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Elsa Diguet
- CEA, DRF, Institut de Biologie Françoise Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Institut de Recherche SERVIER, Neuropsychiatry Department, 125 chemin de ronde, 78290 Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Déborah Bellet
- CEA, DRF, Institut de Biologie Françoise Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laurine Legroux
- CEA, DRF, Institut de Biologie Françoise Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Mitja
- CEA, DRF, Institut de Biologie Françoise Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gwenaëlle Auregan
- CEA, DRF, Institut de Biologie Françoise Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Martine Guillermier
- CEA, DRF, Institut de Biologie Françoise Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Charlène Josephine
- CEA, DRF, Institut de Biologie Françoise Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Caroline Jan
- CEA, DRF, Institut de Biologie Françoise Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Noëlle Dufour
- CEA, DRF, Institut de Biologie Françoise Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Alain Joliot
- Homeoprotein and Plasticity, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Hantraye
- CEA, DRF, Institut de Biologie Françoise Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- CEA, DRF, Institut de Biologie Françoise Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nicole Déglon
- CEA, DRF, Institut de Biologie Françoise Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Lausanne University Medical School (CHUV), Department of Clinical Neurosciences (DNC), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies (LNCM), Lausanne, Switzerland; Lausanne University Medical School (CHUV), Neuroscience Research Center (CRN), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies (LNCM), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexis-Pierre Bemelmans
- CEA, DRF, Institut de Biologie Françoise Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Karine Cambon
- CEA, DRF, Institut de Biologie Françoise Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Géraldine Liot
- CEA, DRF, Institut de Biologie Françoise Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Emmanuel Brouillet
- CEA, DRF, Institut de Biologie Françoise Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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17
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Abstract
The Morris Water Maze (MWM) is a behavioral test widely used in the field of neuroscience to evaluate spatial learning memory of rodents. However, the interpretation of results is often impaired by the common use of statistical tests based on independence and normal distributions that do not reflect basic properties of the test data, such as the constant-sum constraint. In this work, we propose to analyze MWM data with the Dirichlet distribution, which describes constant-sum data with minimal hypotheses, and we introduce a statistical test based on uniformity (equal amount of time spent in each quadrant of the maze) that evaluates memory impairments. We demonstrate that this test better represents MWM data and show its efficiency on simulated as well as in vivo data. Based on Dirichlet distribution, we also propose a new way to plot MWM data, showing mean values and inter-individual variability at the same time, on an easily interpretable chart. Finally, we conclude with a perspective on using Bayesian analysis for MWM data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Maugard
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Département de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92260, France.,Neurodegenerative Disease Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92260, France
| | - Cyrille Doux
- AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, 75205, France.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Département de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92260, France.,Neurodegenerative Disease Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92260, France
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18
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Galvan L, Francelle L, Gaillard MC, de Longprez L, Carrillo-de Sauvage MA, Liot G, Cambon K, Stimmer L, Luccantoni S, Flament J, Valette J, de Chaldée M, Auregan G, Guillermier M, Joséphine C, Petit F, Jan C, Jarrige M, Dufour N, Bonvento G, Humbert S, Saudou F, Hantraye P, Merienne K, Bemelmans AP, Perrier AL, Déglon N, Brouillet E. The striatal kinase DCLK3 produces neuroprotection against mutant huntingtin. Brain 2019. [PMID: 29534157 PMCID: PMC5917821 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurobiological functions of a number of kinases expressed in the brain are unknown. Here, we report new findings on DCLK3 (doublecortin like kinase 3), which is preferentially expressed in neurons in the striatum and dentate gyrus. Its function has never been investigated. DCLK3 expression is markedly reduced in Huntington's disease. Recent data obtained in studies related to cancer suggest DCLK3 could have an anti-apoptotic effect. Thus, we hypothesized that early loss of DCLK3 in Huntington's disease may render striatal neurons more susceptible to mutant huntingtin (mHtt). We discovered that DCLK3 silencing in the striatum of mice exacerbated the toxicity of an N-terminal fragment of mHtt. Conversely, overexpression of DCLK3 reduced neurodegeneration produced by mHtt. DCLK3 also produced beneficial effects on motor symptoms in a knock-in mouse model of Huntington's disease. Using different mutants of DCLK3, we found that the kinase activity of the protein plays a key role in neuroprotection. To investigate the potential mechanisms underlying DCLK3 effects, we studied the transcriptional changes produced by the kinase domain in human striatal neurons in culture. Results show that DCLK3 regulates in a kinase-dependent manner the expression of many genes involved in transcription regulation and nucleosome/chromatin remodelling. Consistent with this, histological evaluation showed DCLK3 is present in the nucleus of striatal neurons and, protein-protein interaction experiments suggested that the kinase domain interacts with zinc finger proteins, including the transcriptional activator adaptor TADA3, a core component of the Spt-ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA) complex which links histone acetylation to the transcription machinery. Our novel findings suggest that the presence of DCLK3 in striatal neurons may play a key role in transcription regulation and chromatin remodelling in these brain cells, and show that reduced expression of the kinase in Huntington's disease could render the striatum highly vulnerable to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Galvan
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laetitia Francelle
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marie-Claude Gaillard
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Lucie de Longprez
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Maria-Angeles Carrillo-de Sauvage
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Géraldine Liot
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, F38000, Grenoble, France.,INSERM U1216, F38000, Grenoble, France.,CHU de Grenoble, F38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Karine Cambon
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Lev Stimmer
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Inserm UMS27, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sophie Luccantoni
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Inserm UMS27, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Flament
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Inserm UMS27, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Valette
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Michel de Chaldée
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Gwenaelle Auregan
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Martine Guillermier
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Charlène Joséphine
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Fanny Petit
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Caroline Jan
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Margot Jarrige
- Inserm U861, I-STEM, AFM, Evry 91030 Cedex France.,UEVE U861, I-STEM, AFM Evry 91030, France
| | - Noëlle Dufour
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sandrine Humbert
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, F38000, Grenoble, France.,INSERM U1216, F38000, Grenoble, France.,CHU de Grenoble, F38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Saudou
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, F38000, Grenoble, France.,INSERM U1216, F38000, Grenoble, France.,CHU de Grenoble, F38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Hantraye
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Karine Merienne
- CNRS/Strasbourg University UMR 7364, Laboratory of Adaptive and Cognitive Neuroscience (LNCA), Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Alexis-Pierre Bemelmans
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anselme L Perrier
- Inserm U861, I-STEM, AFM, Evry 91030 Cedex France.,UEVE U861, I-STEM, AFM Evry 91030, France
| | - Nicole Déglon
- Lausanne University Medical School (CHUV), Department of Clinical Neurosciences (DNC), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies (LNCM), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Lausanne University Medical School (CHUV), Neuroscience Research Center (CRN), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies (LNCM), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Brouillet
- CEA, DRF, Institut François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Vicente-Gutierrez C, Bonora N, Bobo-Jimenez V, Jimenez-Blasco D, Lopez-Fabuel I, Fernandez E, Josephine C, Bonvento G, Enriquez JA, Almeida A, Bolaños JP. Astrocytic mitochondrial ROS modulate brain metabolism and mouse behaviour. Nat Metab 2019; 1:201-211. [PMID: 32694785 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-018-0031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To satisfy its high energetic demand1, the brain depends on the metabolic cooperation of various cell types2-4. For example, astrocytic-derived lactate sustains memory consolidation5 by serving both as an oxidizable energetic substrate for neurons6 and as a signalling molecule7,8. Astrocytes and neurons also differ in the regulation of glycolytic enzymes9 and in the organization of their mitochondrial respiratory chain10. Unlike neurons, astrocytes rely on glycolysis for energy generation9 and, as a consequence, have a loosely assembled mitochondrial respiratory chain that is associated with a higher generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS)10. However, whether this abundant natural source of mitochondrial ROS in astrocytes fulfils a specific physiological role is unknown. Here we show that astrocytic mitochondrial ROS are physiological regulators of brain metabolism and neuronal function. We generated mice that inducibly overexpress mitochondrial-tagged catalase in astrocytes and show that this overexpression decreases mitochondrial ROS production in these cells during adulthood. Transcriptomic, metabolomic, biochemical, immunohistochemical and behavioural analysis of these mice revealed alterations in brain redox, carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolic pathways associated with altered neuronal function and mouse behaviour. We found that astrocytic mitochondrial ROS regulate glucose utilization via the pentose-phosphate pathway and glutathione metabolism, which modulates the redox status and potentially the survival of neurons. Our data provide further molecular insight into the metabolic cooperation between astrocytes and neurons and demonstrate that mitochondrial ROS are important regulators of organismal physiology in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Vicente-Gutierrez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nicoló Bonora
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Veronica Bobo-Jimenez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Daniel Jimenez-Blasco
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Lopez-Fabuel
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Emilio Fernandez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Charlene Josephine
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), Molecular Imaging Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), Molecular Imaging Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jose A Enriquez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles Almeida
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan P Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Ceyzériat K, Ben Haim L, Denizot A, Pommier D, Matos M, Guillemaud O, Palomares MA, Abjean L, Petit F, Gipchtein P, Gaillard MC, Guillermier M, Bernier S, Gaudin M, Aurégan G, Joséphine C, Déchamps N, Veran J, Langlais V, Cambon K, Bemelmans AP, Baijer J, Bonvento G, Dhenain M, Deleuze JF, Oliet SHR, Brouillet E, Hantraye P, Carrillo-de Sauvage MA, Olaso R, Panatier A, Escartin C. Modulation of astrocyte reactivity improves functional deficits in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:104. [PMID: 30322407 PMCID: PMC6190663 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0606-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte reactivity and neuroinflammation are hallmarks of CNS pathological conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. However, the specific role of reactive astrocytes is still debated. This controversy may stem from the fact that most strategies used to modulate astrocyte reactivity and explore its contribution to disease outcomes have only limited specificity. Moreover, reactive astrocytes are now emerging as heterogeneous cells and all types of astrocyte reactivity may not be controlled efficiently by such strategies. Here, we used cell type-specific approaches in vivo and identified the JAK2-STAT3 pathway, as necessary and sufficient for the induction and maintenance of astrocyte reactivity. Modulation of this cascade by viral gene transfer in mouse astrocytes efficiently controlled several morphological and molecular features of reactivity. Inhibition of this pathway in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease improved three key pathological hallmarks by reducing amyloid deposition, improving spatial learning and restoring synaptic deficits. In conclusion, the JAK2-STAT3 cascade operates as a master regulator of astrocyte reactivity in vivo. Its inhibition offers new therapeutic opportunities for Alzheimer’s disease.
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21
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Piquet J, Toussay X, Hepp R, Lerchundi R, Le Douce J, Faivre É, Guiot E, Bonvento G, Cauli B. Supragranular Pyramidal Cells Exhibit Early Metabolic Alterations in the 3xTg-AD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:216. [PMID: 30072874 PMCID: PMC6060432 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The impairment of cerebral glucose utilization is an early and predictive biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that is likely to contribute to memory and cognition disorders during the progression of the pathology. Yet, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these metabolic alterations remain poorly understood. Here we studied the glucose metabolism of supragranular pyramidal cells at an early presymptomatic developmental stage in non-transgenic (non-Tg) and 3xTg-AD mice, a mouse model of AD replicating numerous hallmarks of the disease. We performed both intracellular glucose imaging with a genetically encoded fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based glucose biosensor and transcriptomic profiling of key molecular elements of glucose metabolism with single-cell multiplex RT-PCR (scRT-mPCR). We found that juvenile pyramidal cells exhibit active glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway at rest that are respectively enhanced and impaired in 3xTg-AD mice without alteration of neuronal glucose uptake or transcriptional modification. Given the importance of glucose metabolism for neuronal survival, these early alterations could initiate or at least contribute to the later neuronal dysfunction of pyramidal cells in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Piquet
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Toussay
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Régine Hepp
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Rodrigo Lerchundi
- CNRS UMR 9199, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Center (MIRCen), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Le Douce
- CNRS UMR 9199, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Center (MIRCen), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Émilie Faivre
- CNRS UMR 9199, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Center (MIRCen), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Elvire Guiot
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- CNRS UMR 9199, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Center (MIRCen), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Cauli
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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22
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Barros LF, Bolaños JP, Bonvento G, Bouzier-Sore AK, Brown A, Hirrlinger J, Kasparov S, Kirchhoff F, Murphy AN, Pellerin L, Robinson MB, Weber B. Current technical approaches to brain energy metabolism. Glia 2018; 66:1138-1159. [PMID: 29110344 PMCID: PMC5903992 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroscience is a technology-driven discipline and brain energy metabolism is no exception. Once satisfied with mapping metabolic pathways at organ level, we are now looking to learn what it is exactly that metabolic enzymes and transporters do and when, where do they reside, how are they regulated, and how do they relate to the specific functions of neurons, glial cells, and their subcellular domains and organelles, in different areas of the brain. Moreover, we aim to quantify the fluxes of metabolites within and between cells. Energy metabolism is not just a necessity for proper cell function and viability but plays specific roles in higher brain functions such as memory processing and behavior, whose mechanisms need to be understood at all hierarchical levels, from isolated proteins to whole subjects, in both health and disease. To this aim, the field takes advantage of diverse disciplines including anatomy, histology, physiology, biochemistry, bioenergetics, cellular biology, molecular biology, developmental biology, neurology, and mathematical modeling. This article presents a well-referenced synopsis of the technical side of brain energy metabolism research. Detail and jargon are avoided whenever possible and emphasis is given to comparative strengths, limitations, and weaknesses, information that is often not available in regular articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Felipe Barros
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, 5110466, Chile
| | - Juan P Bolaños
- Instituto de Biologia Funcional y Genomica-CSIC, Universidad de Salamanca, CIBERFES, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne-Karine Bouzier-Sore
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, CNRS-Université Bordeaux 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux, France
| | - Angus Brown
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Hirrlinger
- Carl Ludwig Institute of Physiology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 27, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, Göttingen, D-37075, Germany
| | - Sergey Kasparov
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, University Walk, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
- Baltic Federal University, Kalinigrad, Russian Federation
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, Building 48, Homburg, 66421, Germany
| | - Anne N Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093
| | - Luc Pellerin
- Département de Physiologie, 7 rue du Bugnon, Lausanne, CH1005, Switzerland
| | - Michael B Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Bruno Weber
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Lind BL, Jessen SB, Lønstrup M, Joséphine C, Bonvento G, Lauritzen M. Fast Ca 2+ responses in astrocyte end-feet and neurovascular coupling in mice. Glia 2017; 66:348-358. [PMID: 29058353 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is regulated by the activity of neurons and astrocytes. Understanding how these cells control activity-dependent increases in CBF is crucial to interpreting functional neuroimaging signals. The relative importance of neurons and astrocytes is debated, as are the functional implications of fast Ca2+ changes in astrocytes versus neurons. Here, we used two-photon microscopy to assess Ca2+ changes in neuropil, astrocyte processes, and astrocyte end-feet in response to whisker pad stimulation in mice. We also developed a pixel-based analysis to improve the detection of rapid Ca2+ signals in the subcellular compartments of astrocytes. Fast Ca2+ responses were observed using both chemical and genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators in astrocyte end-feet prior to dilation of arterioles and capillaries. A low dose of the NMDA receptor antagonist (5R,10s)-(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine-hydrogen-maleate (MK801) attenuated fast Ca2+ responses in the neuropil and astrocyte processes, but not in astrocyte end-feet, and the evoked CBF response was preserved. In addition, a low dose of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-3-ol (THIP), an agonist for the extrasynaptic GABAA receptor (GABAA R), increased CBF responses and the fast Ca2+ response in astrocyte end-feet but did not affect Ca2+ responses in astrocyte processes and neuropil. These results suggest that fast Ca2+ increases in the neuropil and astrocyte processes are not necessary for an evoked CBF response. In contrast, as local fast Ca2+ responses in astrocyte end-feet are unaffected by MK801 but increase via GABAA R-dependent mechanisms that also increased CBF responses, we hypothesize that the fast Ca2+ increases in end-feet adjust CBF during synaptic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lykke Lind
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sanne Barsballe Jessen
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Micael Lønstrup
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlène Joséphine
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut de Biologie François-Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut de Biologie François-Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Martin Lauritzen
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Glostrup Hospital, Denmark
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24
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Bonvento G, Valette J, Flament J, Mochel F, Brouillet E. Imaging and spectroscopic approaches to probe brain energy metabolism dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:1927-1943. [PMID: 28276944 PMCID: PMC5464722 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17697989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Changes in energy metabolism are generally considered to play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. Whether these changes are causal or simply a part of self-defense mechanisms is a matter of debate. Furthermore, energy defects have often been discussed solely in the context of their probable neuronal origin without considering the cellular heterogeneity of the brain. Recent data point towards the existence of a tri-cellular compartmentation of brain energy metabolism between neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, each cell type having a distinctive metabolic profile. Still, the number of methods to follow energy metabolism in patients is extremely limited and existing clinical techniques are blind to most cellular processes. There is a need to better understand how brain energy metabolism is regulated in health and disease through experiments conducted at different scales in animal models to implement new methods in the clinical setting. The purpose of this review is to offer a brief overview of the broad spectrum of methodological approaches that have emerged in recent years to probe energy metabolism in more detail. We conclude that multi-modal neuroimaging is needed to follow non-cell autonomous energy metabolism dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Bonvento
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d’Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Valette
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d’Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Flament
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d’Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- INSERM US 27, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Fanny Mochel
- INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 6, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
- Department of Genetics, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- University Pierre and Marie Curie, Neurometabolic Research Group, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Brouillet
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d’Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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25
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Mazuel L, Blanc J, Repond C, Bouchaud V, Raffard G, Déglon N, Bonvento G, Pellerin L, Bouzier-Sore AK. A neuronal MCT2 knockdown in the rat somatosensory cortex reduces both the NMR lactate signal and the BOLD response during whisker stimulation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174990. [PMID: 28388627 PMCID: PMC5384673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several in vitro and ex vivo evidence support the existence of lactate exchange between astrocytes and neurons, a direct demonstration in vivo is still lacking. In the present study, a lentiviral vector carrying a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to downregulate the expression of the monocarboxylate transporter type 2 (MCT2) in neurons of the rat somatosensory cortex (called S1BF) by ~ 25%. After one hour of whisker stimulation, HRMAS 1H-NMR spectroscopy analysis of S1BF perchloric acid extracts showed that while an increase in lactate content is observed in both uninjected and shRNA-control injected extracts, such an effect was abrogated in shMCT2 injected rats. A 13C-incorporation analysis following [1-13C]glucose infusion during the stimulation confirmed that the elevated lactate observed during activation originates from newly synthesized [3-13C]lactate, with blood-derived [1-13C]glucose being the precursor. Moreover, the analysis of the 13C-labeling of glutamate in position C3 and C4 indicates that upon activation, there is an increase in TCA cycle velocity for control rats while a decrease is observed for MCT2 knockdown animals. Using in vivo localized 1H-NMR spectroscopy, an increase in lactate levels is observed in the S1BF area upon whisker stimulation for shRNA-control injected rats but not for MCT2 knockdown animals. Finally, while a robust BOLD fMRI response was evidenced in control rats, it was absent in MCT2 knockdown rats. These data not only demonstrate that glucose-derived lactate is locally produced following neuronal activation but also suggest that its use by neurons via MCT2 is probably essential to maintain synaptic activity within the barrel cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Mazuel
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, CNRS—Université Bordeaux 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jordy Blanc
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, CNRS—Université Bordeaux 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cendrine Repond
- Département de Physiologie, 7 rue du Bugnon, CH Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Véronique Bouchaud
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, CNRS—Université Bordeaux 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gérard Raffard
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, CNRS—Université Bordeaux 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicole Déglon
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies (LCMN), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Neurosciences Research Center (CRN), LCMN, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d’Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), Molecular Imaging Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Luc Pellerin
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, CNRS—Université Bordeaux 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux, France
- Département de Physiologie, 7 rue du Bugnon, CH Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Karine Bouzier-Sore
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, CNRS—Université Bordeaux 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux, France
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Rocher AB, Gubellini P, Merienne N, Boussicault L, Petit F, Gipchtein P, Jan C, Hantraye P, Brouillet E, Bonvento G. Synaptic scaling up in medium spiny neurons of aged BACHD mice: A slow-progression model of Huntington's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 86:131-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Seidel JL, Escartin C, Ayata C, Bonvento G, Shuttleworth CW. Multifaceted roles for astrocytes in spreading depolarization: A target for limiting spreading depolarization in acute brain injury? Glia 2015; 64:5-20. [PMID: 26301517 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Spreading depolarizations (SDs) are coordinated waves of synchronous depolarization, involving large numbers of neurons and astrocytes as they spread slowly through brain tissue. The recent identification of SDs as likely contributors to pathophysiology in human subjects has led to a significant increase in interest in SD mechanisms, and possible approaches to limit the numbers of SDs or their deleterious consequences in injured brain. Astrocytes regulate many events associated with SD. SD initiation and propagation is dependent on extracellular accumulation of K(+) and glutamate, both of which involve astrocytic clearance. SDs are extremely metabolically demanding events, and signaling through astrocyte networks is likely central to the dramatic increase in regional blood flow that accompanies SD in otherwise healthy tissues. Astrocytes may provide metabolic support to neurons following SD, and may provide a source of adenosine that inhibits neuronal activity following SD. It is also possible that astrocytes contribute to the pathophysiology of SD, as a consequence of excessive glutamate release, facilitation of NMDA receptor activation, brain edema due to astrocyte swelling, or disrupted coupling to appropriate vascular responses after SD. Direct or indirect evidence has accumulated implicating astrocytes in many of these responses, but much remains unknown about their specific contributions, especially in the context of injury. Conversion of astrocytes to a reactive phenotype is a prominent feature of injured brain, and recent work suggests that the different functional properties of reactive astrocytes could be targeted to limit SDs in pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Seidel
- Stroke and Neurovascular Regulation Lab, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Carole Escartin
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), Molecular Imaging Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Cenk Ayata
- Stroke and Neurovascular Regulation Lab, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Stroke Service and Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), Molecular Imaging Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - C William Shuttleworth
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Carrillo-de Sauvage MA, Flament J, Bramoulle Y, Ben Haim L, Guillermier M, Berniard A, Aurégan G, Houitte D, Brouillet E, Bonvento G, Hantraye P, Valette J, Escartin C. The neuroprotective agent CNTF decreases neuronal metabolites in the rat striatum: an in vivo multimodal magnetic resonance imaging study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:917-21. [PMID: 25833344 PMCID: PMC4640256 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is neuroprotective against multiple pathologic conditions including metabolic impairment, but the mechanisms are still unclear. To delineate CNTF effects on brain energy homeostasis, we performed a multimodal imaging study, combining in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, and in situ glutamate imaging by chemical exchange saturation transfer. Unexpectedly, we found that CNTF expression through lentiviral gene transfer in the rat striatum significantly decreased the levels of neuronal metabolites (N-acetyl-aspartate, N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate, and glutamate). This preclinical study shows that CNTF remodels brain metabolism, and suggests that decreased levels of neuronal metabolites may occur in the absence of neuronal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Angeles Carrillo-de Sauvage
- 1] Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France [2] Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, UMR 9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Flament
- 1] Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France [2] Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Service UMS 27, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Yann Bramoulle
- 1] Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France [2] Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, UMR 9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Lucile Ben Haim
- 1] Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France [2] Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, UMR 9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Martine Guillermier
- 1] Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France [2] Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, UMR 9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Aurélie Berniard
- 1] Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France [2] Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, UMR 9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gwennaëlle Aurégan
- 1] Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France [2] Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, UMR 9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Diane Houitte
- 1] Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France [2] Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, UMR 9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Emmanuel Brouillet
- 1] Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France [2] Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, UMR 9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- 1] Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France [2] Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, UMR 9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Hantraye
- 1] Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France [2] Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, UMR 9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France [3] Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Service UMS 27, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Valette
- 1] Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France [2] Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, UMR 9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Carole Escartin
- 1] Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France [2] Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, UMR 9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Seidel JL, Faideau M, Aiba I, Pannasch U, Escartin C, Rouach N, Bonvento G, Shuttleworth CW. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) activation of astrocytes decreases spreading depolarization susceptibility and increases potassium clearance. Glia 2015; 63:91-103. [PMID: 25092804 PMCID: PMC5141616 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Waves of spreading depolarization (SD) have been implicated in the progressive expansion of acute brain injuries. SD can persist over several days, coincident with the time course of astrocyte activation, but little is known about how astrocyte activation may influence SD susceptibility. We examined whether activation of astrocytes modified SD threshold in hippocampal slices. Injection of a lentiviral vector encoding Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) into the hippocampus in vivo, led to sustained astrocyte activation, verified by up-regulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) at the mRNA and protein levels, as compared to controls injected with vector encoding LacZ. In acute brain slices from LacZ controls, localized 1M KCl microinjections invariably generated SD in CA1 hippocampus, but SD was never induced with this stimulus in CNTF tissues. No significant change in intrinsic excitability was observed in CA1 neurons, but excitatory synaptic transmission was significantly reduced in CNTF samples. mRNA levels of the predominantly astrocytic Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase pump α2 subunit were higher in CNTF samples, and the kinetics of extracellular K(+) transients during matched synaptic activation were consistent with increased K(+) uptake in CNTF tissues. Supporting a role for the Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase pump in increased SD threshold, ouabain, an inhibitor of the pump, was able to generate SD in CNTF tissues. These data support the hypothesis that activated astrocytes can limit SD onset via increased K(+) clearance and suggest that therapeutic strategies targeting these glial cells could improve the outcome following acute brain injuries associated with SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Seidel
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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30
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Francelle L, Galvan L, Gaillard MC, Guillermier M, Houitte D, Bonvento G, Petit F, Jan C, Dufour N, Hantraye P, Elalouf JM, De Chaldée M, Déglon N, Brouillet E. Loss of the thyroid hormone-binding protein Crym renders striatal neurons more vulnerable to mutant huntingtin in Huntington's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:1563-73. [PMID: 25398949 PMCID: PMC4381754 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying preferential atrophy of the striatum in Huntington's disease (HD) are unknown. One hypothesis is that a set of gene products preferentially expressed in the striatum could determine the particular vulnerability of this brain region to mutant huntingtin (mHtt). Here, we studied the striatal protein µ-crystallin (Crym). Crym is the NADPH-dependent p38 cytosolic T3-binding protein (p38CTBP), a key regulator of thyroid hormone (TH) T3 (3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine) transportation. It has been also recently identified as the enzyme that reduces the sulfur-containing cyclic ketimines, which are potential neurotransmitters. Here, we confirm the preferential expression of the Crym protein in the rodent and macaque striatum. Crym expression was found to be higher in the macaque caudate than in the putamen. Expression of Crym was reduced in the BACHD and Knock-in 140CAG mouse models of HD before onset of striatal atrophy. We show that overexpression of Crym in striatal medium-size spiny neurons using a lentiviral-based strategy in mice is neuroprotective against the neurotoxicity of an N-terminal fragment of mHtt in vivo. Thus, reduction of Crym expression in HD could render striatal neurons more susceptible to mHtt suggesting that Crym may be a key determinant of the vulnerability of the striatum. In addition our work points to Crym as a potential molecular link between striatal degeneration and the THs deregulation reported in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Francelle
- CEA, DSV, I²BM, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, CNRS CEA URA 2210, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laurie Galvan
- CEA, DSV, I²BM, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, CNRS CEA URA 2210, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marie-Claude Gaillard
- CEA, DSV, I²BM, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, CNRS CEA URA 2210, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Martine Guillermier
- CEA, DSV, I²BM, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, CNRS CEA URA 2210, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Diane Houitte
- CEA, DSV, I²BM, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, CNRS CEA URA 2210, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- CEA, DSV, I²BM, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, CNRS CEA URA 2210, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Fanny Petit
- CEA, DSV, I²BM, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, CNRS CEA URA 2210, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Caroline Jan
- CEA, DSV, I²BM, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, CNRS CEA URA 2210, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Noëlle Dufour
- CEA, DSV, I²BM, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, CNRS CEA URA 2210, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Hantraye
- CEA, DSV, I²BM, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, CNRS CEA URA 2210, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jean-Marc Elalouf
- CEA, iBiTecS, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, CNRS, FRE 3377, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, Université Paris-Sud, FRE 3377, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Michel De Chaldée
- CEA, iBiTecS, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, CNRS, FRE 3377, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, Université Paris-Sud, FRE 3377, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Nicole Déglon
- CEA, DSV, I²BM, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, CNRS CEA URA 2210, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies, Department of Clinical Neurociences, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Brouillet
- CEA, DSV, I²BM, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, CNRS CEA URA 2210, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France,
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31
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Merienne N, Le Douce J, Faivre E, Déglon N, Bonvento G. Efficient gene delivery and selective transduction of astrocytes in the mammalian brain using viral vectors. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:106. [PMID: 23847471 PMCID: PMC3701857 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are now considered as key players in brain information processing because of their newly discovered roles in synapse formation and plasticity, energy metabolism and blood flow regulation. However, our understanding of astrocyte function is still fragmented compared to other brain cell types. A better appreciation of the biology of astrocytes requires the development of tools to generate animal models in which astrocyte-specific proteins and pathways can be manipulated. In addition, it is becoming increasingly evident that astrocytes are also important players in many neurological disorders. Targeted modulation of protein expression in astrocytes would be critical for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Gene transfer is valuable to target a subpopulation of cells and explore their function in experimental models. In particular, viral-mediated gene transfer provides a rapid, highly flexible and cost-effective, in vivo paradigm to study the impact of genes of interest during central nervous system development or in adult animals. We will review the different strategies that led to the recent development of efficient viral vectors that can be successfully used to selectively transduce astrocytes in the mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Merienne
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland
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Sampol D, Ostrofet E, Jobin ML, Raffard G, Sanchez S, Bouchaud V, Franconi JM, Bonvento G, Bouzier-Sore AK. Glucose and lactate metabolism in the awake and stimulated rat: a (13)C-NMR study. Front Neuroenergetics 2013; 5:5. [PMID: 23755012 PMCID: PMC3668265 DOI: 10.3389/fnene.2013.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucose is the major energetic substrate for the brain but evidence has accumulated during the last 20 years that lactate produced by astrocytes could be an additional substrate for neurons. However, little information exists about this lactate shuttle in vivo in activated and awake animals. We designed an experiment in which the cortical barrel field (S1BF) was unilaterally activated during infusion of both glucose and lactate (alternatively labeled with 13C) in rats. At the end of stimulation (1 h) both S1BF areas were removed and analyzed by HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy to compare glucose and lactate metabolism in the activated area vs. the non-activated one. In combination with microwave irradiation HR-MAS spectroscopy is a powerful technical approach to study brain lactate metabolism in vivo. Using in vivo14C-2-deoxyglucose and autoradiography we confirmed that whisker stimulation was effective since we observed a 40% increase in glucose uptake in the activated S1BF area compared to the ipsilateral one. We first determined that lactate observed on spectra of biopsies did not arise from post-mortem metabolism. 1H-NMR data indicated that during brain activation there was an average 2.4-fold increase in lactate content in the activated area. When [1-13C]glucose + lactate were infused 13C-NMR data showed an increase in 13C-labeled lactate during brain activation as well as an increase in lactate C3-specific enrichment. This result demonstrates that the increase in lactate observed on 1H-NMR spectra originates from newly synthesized lactate from the labeled precursor ([1-13C]glucose). It also shows that this additional lactate does not arise from an increase in blood lactate uptake since it would otherwise be unlabeled. These results are in favor of intracerebral lactate production during brain activation in vivo which could be a supplementary fuel for neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denys Sampol
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, CNRS-Université Bordeaux Segalen UMR 5536 Bordeaux, France
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Martin C, Houitte D, Guillermier M, Petit F, Bonvento G, Gurden H. Alteration of sensory-evoked metabolic and oscillatory activities in the olfactory bulb of GLAST-deficient mice. Front Neural Circuits 2012; 6:1. [PMID: 22291618 PMCID: PMC3265768 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2012.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are key cellular elements in both the tripartite synapse and the neurovascular unit. To fulfill this dual role in synaptic activity and metabolism, they express a panel of receptors and transporters that sense glutamate. Among them, the GLT-1 and GLAST transporters are known to regulate extracellular glutamate concentrations at excitatory synapses and consequently modulate glutamate receptor signaling. These major uptake systems are also involved in energy supply to neurons. However, the functional role of GLAST in concurrent regulation of metabolic and neuronal activity is currently unknown. We took advantage of the attractive structural and functional features of the main olfactory bulb to explore the impact of GLAST on sensory information processing while probing both glutamate uptake and neuronal activity in glomeruli and deeper cellular layers, respectively. Using odor-evoked 2-deoxyglucose imaging and local field potential recordings in GLAST knockout mice, we show in vivo that deletion of GLAST alters both glucose uptake and neuronal oscillations in olfactory bulb networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Martin
- Laboratoire Imagerie et Modélisation en Neurobiologie et Cancérologie UMR 8165, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Orsay, France
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Faideau M, Kim J, Cormier K, Gilmore R, Welch M, Auregan G, Dufour N, Guillermier M, Brouillet E, Hantraye P, Déglon N, Ferrante RJ, Bonvento G. In vivo expression of polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin by mouse striatal astrocytes impairs glutamate transport: a correlation with Huntington's disease subjects. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:3053-67. [PMID: 20494921 PMCID: PMC2901144 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder previously thought to be of primary neuronal origin, despite ubiquitous expression of mutant huntingtin (mHtt). We tested the hypothesis that mHtt expressed in astrocytes may contribute to the pathogenesis of HD. To better understand the contribution of astrocytes in HD in vivo, we developed a novel mouse model using lentiviral vectors that results in selective expression of mHtt into striatal astrocytes. Astrocytes expressing mHtt developed a progressive phenotype of reactive astrocytes that was characterized by a marked decreased expression of both glutamate transporters, GLAST and GLT-1, and of glutamate uptake. These effects were associated with neuronal dysfunction, as observed by a reduction in DARPP-32 and NR2B expression. Parallel studies in brain samples from HD subjects revealed early glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in striatal astrocytes from Grade 0 HD cases. Astrogliosis was associated with morphological changes that increased with severity of disease, from Grades 0 through 4 and was more prominent in the putamen. Combined immunofluorescence showed co-localization of mHtt in astrocytes in all striatal HD specimens, inclusive of Grade 0 HD. Consistent with the findings from experimental mice, there was a significant grade-dependent decrease in striatal GLT-1 expression from HD subjects. These findings suggest that the presence of mHtt in astrocytes alters glial glutamate transport capacity early in the disease process and may contribute to HD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Faideau
- CEA, Institute of Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging Research Center, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Dubois A, Hérard AS, Delatour B, Hantraye P, Bonvento G, Dhenain M, Delzescaux T. Detection by voxel-wise statistical analysis of significant changes in regional cerebral glucose uptake in an APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage 2010; 51:586-98. [PMID: 20206704 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers and technologies similar to those used in humans are essential for the follow-up of Alzheimer's disease (AD) animal models, particularly for the clarification of mechanisms and the screening and validation of new candidate treatments. In humans, changes in brain metabolism can be detected by 1-deoxy-2-[(18)F] fluoro-D-glucose PET (FDG-PET) and assessed in a user-independent manner with dedicated software, such as Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM). FDG-PET can be carried out in small animals, but its resolution is low as compared to the size of rodent brain structures. In mouse models of AD, changes in cerebral glucose utilization are usually detected by [(14)C]-2-deoxyglucose (2DG) autoradiography, but this requires prior manual outlining of regions of interest (ROI) on selected sections. Here, we evaluate the feasibility of applying the SPM method to 3D autoradiographic data sets mapping brain metabolic activity in a transgenic mouse model of AD. We report the preliminary results obtained with 4 APP/PS1 (64+/-1 weeks) and 3 PS1 (65+/-2 weeks) mice. We also describe new procedures for the acquisition and use of "blockface" photographs and provide the first demonstration of their value for the 3D reconstruction and spatial normalization of post mortem mouse brain volumes. Despite this limited sample size, our results appear to be meaningful, consistent, and more comprehensive than findings from previously published studies based on conventional ROI-based methods. The establishment of statistical significance at the voxel level, rather than with a user-defined ROI, makes it possible to detect more reliably subtle differences in geometrically complex regions, such as the hippocampus. Our approach is generic and could be easily applied to other biomarkers and extended to other species and applications.
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Jarraya B, Lepetit H, Ralph S, Boulet S, Jan C, Bonvento G, Miskin J, Gurruchaga JM, Vinti M, Fenelon G, Brugière P, Kingsman S, Hantraye P, Remy P, Mitrophanous K, Palfl S. P2.205 A phase I/II clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efflcacy of ProSavin®, a gene therapy approach for Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(09)70556-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Jarraya B, Boulet S, Scott Ralph G, Jan C, Bonvento G, Azzouz M, Miskin JE, Shin M, Delzescaux T, Drouot X, Hérard AS, Day DM, Brouillet E, Kingsman SM, Hantraye P, Mitrophanous KA, Mazarakis ND, Palfi S. Dopamine Gene Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease in a Nonhuman Primate Without Associated Dyskinesia. Sci Transl Med 2009; 1. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
A gene therapy approach for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béchir Jarraya
- CEA, DSV, I²BM, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, CNRS URA 2210, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Universite Paris 12, Faculte de Medecine, F-94010 Creteil, France
- AP-HP, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, UF Neurochirurgie Fonctionnelle, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Sabrina Boulet
- CEA, DSV, I²BM, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, CNRS URA 2210, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - G. Scott Ralph
- Oxford BioMedica Ltd., Medawar Centre, Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GA, UK
| | - Caroline Jan
- CEA, DSV, I²BM, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, CNRS URA 2210, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- CEA, DSV, I²BM, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, CNRS URA 2210, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mimoun Azzouz
- Neurology Unit, Medical School, Sheffield University, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - James E. Miskin
- Oxford BioMedica Ltd., Medawar Centre, Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GA, UK
| | - Masahiro Shin
- CEA, DSV, I²BM, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, CNRS URA 2210, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Thierry Delzescaux
- CEA, DSV, I²BM, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, CNRS URA 2210, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Xavier Drouot
- Universite Paris 12, Faculte de Medecine, F-94010 Creteil, France
- AP-HP, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service de Neurophysiologie, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Hérard
- CEA, DSV, I²BM, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, CNRS URA 2210, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Denise M. Day
- Oxford BioMedica Ltd., Medawar Centre, Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GA, UK
| | - Emmanuel Brouillet
- CEA, DSV, I²BM, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, CNRS URA 2210, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Susan M. Kingsman
- Oxford BioMedica Ltd., Medawar Centre, Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GA, UK
| | - Philippe Hantraye
- CEA, DSV, I²BM, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, CNRS URA 2210, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Nicholas D. Mazarakis
- Department of Gene Therapy, Division of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Stéphane Palfi
- CEA, DSV, I²BM, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CEA, CNRS URA 2210, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Universite Paris 12, Faculte de Medecine, F-94010 Creteil, France
- AP-HP, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, UF Neurochirurgie Fonctionnelle, F-94010 Creteil, France
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Thomsen K, Piilgaard H, Gjedde A, Bonvento G, Lauritzen M. Principal cell spiking, postsynaptic excitation, and oxygen consumption in the rat cerebellar cortex. J Neurophysiol 2009; 102:1503-12. [PMID: 19571198 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00289.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One contention within the field of neuroimaging concerns the character of the depicted activity: Does it represent neuronal action potential generation (i.e., spiking) or postsynaptic excitation? This question is related to the metabolic costs of different aspects of neurosignaling. The cerebellar cortex is well suited for addressing this problem because synaptic input to and spiking of the principal cell, the Purkinje cell (PC), are spatially segregated. Also, PCs are pacemakers, able to generate spikes endogenously. We examined the contributions to cerebellar cortical oxygen consumption (CMRO2) of postsynaptic excitation and PC spiking during evoked and ongoing neuronal activity in the rat. By inhibiting excitatory synaptic input using ionotropic glutamate receptor blockers, we found that the increase in CMRO2 evoked by parallel fiber (PF) stimulation depended entirely on postsynaptic excitation. In contrast, PC spiking was largely responsible for the increase in CMRO2 when ongoing neuronal activity was increased by gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor blockade. In this case, CMRO2 increased equally during PC spiking with excitatory synaptic activity as during PC pacemaker spiking without excitatory synaptic input. Subsequent inhibition of action potential propagation and neurotransmission by blocking voltage-gated Na+-channels eliminated the increases in CMRO2 due to PF stimulation and increased PC spiking, but left a large fraction of CMRO2, i.e., basal CMRO2, intact. In conclusion, whereas basal CMRO2 in anesthetized animals did not seem to be related to neurosignaling, increases in CMRO2 could be induced by all aspects of neurosignaling. Our findings imply that CMRO2 responses cannot a priori be assigned to specific neuronal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Thomsen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Glostrup Hospital, Panum Institute 12.5, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Abstract
There is increasing evidence that glial cells, in particular astrocytes, interact dynamically with neurons. The well-known anatomofunctional organization of neurons in the barrel cortex offers a suitable and promising model to study such neuroglial interaction. This review summarizes and discusses recent in vitro as well as in vivo works demonstrating that astrocytes receive, integrate, and respond to neuronal signals. In addition, they are active elements of brain metabolism and exhibit a certain degree of plasticity that affects neuronal activity. Altogether these findings indicate that the barrel cortex presents glial compartments overlapping and interacting with neuronal compartments and that these properties help define barrels as functional and independent units. Finally, this review outlines how the use of the barrel cortex as a model might in the future help to address important questions related to dynamic neuroglia interaction.
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Colin A, Faideau M, Dufour N, Auregan G, Hassig R, Andrieu T, Brouillet E, Hantraye P, Bonvento G, Déglon N. Engineered lentiviral vector targeting astrocytes in vivo. Glia 2009; 57:667-79. [PMID: 18942755 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are involved in key physiological brain processes, such as glutamatergic transmission and energy metabolism, often altered in neurodegenerative diseases. Targeted gene expression in astrocytes is needed to assess the contribution of these cells to physiological processes and for the development of new therapeutic strategies. However, most of the viral vectors currently used for gene transfer in the central nervous system (CNS) are highly neurotropic. We used mokola pseudotyping to shift the tropism of lentiviral vectors toward astrocytes and a detargeting strategy with miRNA to eliminate residual expression in neuronal cells. In primary cultures, we showed that incorporating target sequences for the neuron-specific miR124 effectively abolished transgene expression in neurons post-transcriptionally. Targeted expression of the LacZ reporter gene in astrocytes was achieved in the hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum of the adult mouse in vivo. As a proof-of-principle, this new lentiviral vector was used to either overexpress or downregulate (RNA interference) the glial glutamate transporter GLAST into striatal astrocytes in vivo. These vectors provide new opportunities for cell type-specific gene transfer in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Colin
- CEA, Institute of Biomedical Imaging (I2BM) and Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Orsay, France
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Drouet V, Perrin V, Hassig R, Dufour N, Auregan G, Alves S, Bonvento G, Brouillet E, Luthi-Carter R, Hantraye P, Déglon N. Sustained effects of nonallele-specific Huntingtin silencing. Ann Neurol 2009; 65:276-85. [PMID: 19334076 DOI: 10.1002/ana.21569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the huntingtin (htt) protein. No cure is available to date to alleviate neurodegeneration. Recent studies have demonstrated that RNA interference represents a promising approach for the treatment of autosomal dominant disorders. But whether an allele-specific silencing of mutant htt or a nonallele-specific silencing should be considered has not been addressed. METHODS We developed small hairpin RNA targeting mutant or wild-type htt transcripts, or both. RESULTS We confirmed the therapeutic potential of sihtt administered with lentiviral vectors in rodent models of HD and showed that initiation of small interfering RNA treatment after the onset of HD symptoms is still efficacious and reduces the HD-like pathology. We then addressed the question of the impact of nonallele-specific silencing and demonstrated that silencing of endogenous htt to 25 to 35% in vivo is altering several pathways associated with known htt functions but is not inducing overt toxicity or increasing striatal vulnerability up to 9 months after treatment. INTERPRETATION These data indicate that the coincident silencing of the wild-type and mutant htt may be considered as a therapeutic tool for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Drouet
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institute of Biomedical Imaging (I2BM) and Molecular Imaging Research Center, France
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Beurrier C, Bonvento G, Kerkerian-Le Goff L, Gubellini P. Role of glutamate transporters in corticostriatal synaptic transmission. Neuroscience 2009; 158:1608-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Revised: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Escartin C, Bonvento G. Targeted activation of astrocytes: a potential neuroprotective strategy. Mol Neurobiol 2008; 38:231-41. [PMID: 18931960 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-008-8043-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are involved in many key physiological processes in the brain, including glutamatergic transmission, energy metabolism, and blood flow control. They become reactive in response to pathological situations, a response that involves well-described morphological alterations and less characterized functional changes. The functional consequences of astrocyte reactivity seem to depend on the molecular pathway involved and may result in the enhancement of several neuroprotective and neurotrophic functions. We propose that a selective and controlled activation of astrocytes may switch these highly pleiotropic cells into therapeutic agents to promote neuron survival and recovery. This may represent a potent therapeutic strategy for many brain diseases in which neurons would benefit from an increased support from activated astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Escartin
- CEA, IB2M, MIRCen, CNRS URA2210, 4, place du General Leclerc, 91401, Orsay, France.
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Caesar K, Hashemi P, Douhou A, Bonvento G, Boutelle MG, Walls AB, Lauritzen M. Glutamate receptor-dependent increments in lactate, glucose and oxygen metabolism evoked in rat cerebellum in vivo. J Physiol 2008; 586:1337-49. [PMID: 18187464 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.144154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal activity is tightly coupled with brain energy metabolism. Numerous studies have suggested that lactate is equally important as an energy substrate for neurons as glucose. Lactate production is reportedly triggered by glutamate uptake, and independent of glutamate receptor activation. Here we show that climbing fibre stimulation of cerebellar Purkinje cells increased extracellular lactate by 30% within 30 s of stimulation, but not for briefer stimulation periods. To explore whether lactate production was controlled by pre- or postsynaptic events we silenced AMPA receptors with CNQX. This blocked all evoked rises in postsynaptic activity, blood flow, and glucose and oxygen consumption. CNQX also abolished rises in lactate concomitantly with marked reduction in postsynaptic currents. Rises in lactate were unaffected by inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase, suggesting that lactate production was independent of glycogen breakdown. Stimulated lactate production in cerebellum is derived directly from glucose uptake, and coupled to neuronal activity via AMPA receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Caesar
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Dubois A, Hérard AS, Flandin G, Duchesnay E, Besret L, Frouin V, Hantraye P, Bonvento G, Delzescaux T. Quantitative validation of voxel-wise statistical analyses of autoradiographic rat brain volumes: application to unilateral visual stimulation. Neuroimage 2007; 40:482-494. [PMID: 18234520 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Revised: 11/23/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PET scanners devoted to in vivo functional study have recently been developed, but autoradiography remains the reference technique for assessing cerebral glucose metabolism (CMRGlu) in rodents. Autoradiographs are conventionally subjected to region of interest (ROI) analysis, which is intrinsically hypothesis-driven and therefore not suitable for whole-brain investigation. Voxel-wise statistical methods of analysis have long been used to determine differences in brain activity during in vivo functional neuroimaging experiments. They have also recently been applied to 3D reconstructed autoradiographic volume images from rat brains. We present here a fully automated analysis for autoradiographic data combining (1) computerized procedures for the acquisition and 3D reconstruction of postmortem volume images and (2) spatial normalization followed by classical whole-brain voxel-wise statistical analysis. We also describe an additional procedure for characterizing functional differences between the right and left hemispheres of the brain. We compared two spatial normalization techniques and evaluated how the effect of choosing a particular normalization technique impacted on the statistical analysis. We also propose a small volume correction analysis to address the problem of multiple statistical comparisons. Lastly, we investigated the reliability of such analyses, by comparing their results qualitatively and quantitatively with those previously obtained with our semiautomated ROI-based analysis [Dubois, A., Dauguet, J., Herard, A.-S., Besret, L., Duchesnay, E., Frouin, V., Hantraye, P., Bonvento, G., Delzescaux, T., 2007. Automated three-dimensional analysis of histologic and autoradiographic rat brain sections: application to an activation study. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 27 (10), 1742-1755.]. Both voxel-wise statistical analyses led to the detection of consistent interhemispheric differences in CMRGlu. This work demonstrates the potential value and robustness of voxel-wise statistical methods for analyzing autoradiographic data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertine Dubois
- CEA-DSV-I2BM-MIRCen, 4 place du Général Leclerc, 91401 Orsay Cedex, France.
| | - Anne-Sophie Hérard
- CEA-DSV-I2BM-MIRCen, 4 place du Général Leclerc, 91401 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Flandin
- CEA-DSV-I2BM-Neurospin-LNAO, CEA Saclay, Bat 145, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Edouard Duchesnay
- CEA-DSV-I2BM-Neurospin-LNAO, CEA Saclay, Bat 145, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Hantraye
- CEA-DSV-I2BM-MIRCen, 4 place du Général Leclerc, 91401 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- CEA-DSV-I2BM-MIRCen, 4 place du Général Leclerc, 91401 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Delzescaux
- CEA-DSV-I2BM-MIRCen, 4 place du Général Leclerc, 91401 Orsay Cedex, France
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Dubois A, Dauguet J, Herard AS, Besret L, Duchesnay E, Frouin V, Hantraye P, Bonvento G, Delzescaux T. Automated three-dimensional analysis of histological and autoradiographic rat brain sections: application to an activation study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2007; 27:1742-55. [PMID: 17377517 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Besides the newly developed positron emission tomography scanners (microPET) dedicated to the in vivo functional study of small animals, autoradiography remains the reference technique widely used for functional brain imaging and the gold standard for the validation of in vivo results. The analysis of autoradiographic data is classically achieved in two dimensions (2D) using a section-by-section approach, is often limited to few sections and the delineation of the regions of interest to be analysed is directly performed on autoradiographic sections. In addition, such approach of analysis does not accommodate the possible anatomical shifts linked to dissymmetry associated with the sectioning process. This classic analysis is time-consuming, operator-dependent and can therefore lead to non-objective and non-reproducible results. In this paper, we have developed an automated and generic toolbox for processing of autoradiographic and corresponding histological rat brain sections based on a three-step approach, which involves: (1) an optimized digitization dealing with hundreds of autoradiographic and histological sections; (2) a robust reconstruction of the volumes based on a reliable registration method; and (3) an original 3D-geometry-based approach to analysis of anatomical and functional post-mortem data. The integration of the toolbox under a unified environment (in-house software BrainVISA, http://brainvisa.info) with a graphic interface enabled a robust and operator-independent exploitation of the overall anatomical and functional information. We illustrated the substantial qualitative and quantitative benefits obtained by applying our methodology to an activation study (rats, n=5, under unilateral visual stimulation).
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Escartin C, Pierre K, Colin A, Brouillet E, Delzescaux T, Guillermier M, Dhenain M, Déglon N, Hantraye P, Pellerin L, Bonvento G. Activation of astrocytes by CNTF induces metabolic plasticity and increases resistance to metabolic insults. J Neurosci 2007; 27:7094-104. [PMID: 17611262 PMCID: PMC6794576 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0174-07.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High energy demands of neurons make them vulnerable to adverse effects of energy impairment. Recently, astrocytes were shown to regulate the flux of energy substrates to neurons. In pathological situations, astrocytes are activated but the consequences on brain energy metabolism are still poorly characterized. We found that local lentiviral-mediated gene transfer of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), a cytokine known to activate astrocytes, induced a stable decrease in the glycolytic flux in the rat striatum in vivo as measured by 2-[18F]-2-deoxy-D-glucose autoradiography and micro-positron emission tomography imaging. The activity of the mitochondrial complex IV enzyme cytochrome oxidase was not modified, suggesting maintenance of downstream oxidative steps of energy production. CNTF significantly increased the phosphorylation level of the intracellular energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), supporting a specific reorganization of brain energy pathways. Indeed, we found that different key enzymes/transporters of fatty acids beta-oxidation and ketolysis were overexpressed by CNTF-activated astrocytes within the striatum. In primary striatal neuron/astrocyte mixed cultures exposed to CNTF, the AMPK pathway was also activated, and the rate of oxidation of fatty acids and ketone bodies was significantly enhanced. This metabolic plasticity conferred partial glial and neuronal protection against prolonged palmitate exposure and glycolysis inhibition. We conclude that CNTF-activated astrocytes may have a strong protective potential to face severe metabolic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Escartin
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 2210, 91401 Orsay, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Molecular Imaging Research Center, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses, France, and
- Département de Physiologie, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Karin Pierre
- Département de Physiologie, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Angélique Colin
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 2210, 91401 Orsay, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Molecular Imaging Research Center, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses, France, and
| | - Emmanuel Brouillet
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 2210, 91401 Orsay, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Molecular Imaging Research Center, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses, France, and
| | - Thierry Delzescaux
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Molecular Imaging Research Center, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses, France, and
| | - Martine Guillermier
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 2210, 91401 Orsay, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Molecular Imaging Research Center, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses, France, and
| | - Marc Dhenain
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 2210, 91401 Orsay, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Molecular Imaging Research Center, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses, France, and
| | - Nicole Déglon
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 2210, 91401 Orsay, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Molecular Imaging Research Center, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses, France, and
| | - Philippe Hantraye
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 2210, 91401 Orsay, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Molecular Imaging Research Center, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses, France, and
| | - Luc Pellerin
- Département de Physiologie, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 2210, 91401 Orsay, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Molecular Imaging Research Center, 92265 Fontenay-aux-roses, France, and
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Abstract
An adequate and timely production of ATP by brain cells is of cardinal importance to support the major energetic cost of the rapid processing of information via synaptic and action potentials. Recently, evidence has been accumulated to support the view that the regulation of brain energy metabolism is under the control of an intimate dialogue between astrocytes and neurons. In vitro studies on cultured astrocytes and in vivo studies on rodents have provided evidence that glutamate and Na(+) uptake in astrocytes is a key triggering signal regulating glucose use in the brain. With the advent of NMR spectroscopy, it has been possible to provide experimental evidence to show that energy consumption is mainly devoted to glutamatergic neurotransmission and that glutamate-glutamine cycling is coupled in a approximately 1 : 1 molar stoichiometry to glucose oxidation, at least in the cerebral cortex. This improved understanding of neuron-astrocyte metabolic interactions offers the potential for developing novel therapeutic strategies for many neurological disorders that include a metabolic deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Escartin
- CEA CNRS URA 2210, Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, Orsay, France
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49
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Gsell W, Burke M, Wiedermann D, Bonvento G, Silva AC, Dauphin F, Bührle C, Hoehn M, Schwindt W. Differential effects of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors on functional magnetic resonance imaging signals and evoked neuronal activity during forepaw stimulation of the rat. J Neurosci 2006; 26:8409-16. [PMID: 16914666 PMCID: PMC6674350 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4615-05.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the currently used methods for functional brain imaging do not visualize neuronal activity directly but rather rely on the elicited hemodynamic and/or metabolic responses. Glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter, plays an important role in the neurovascular/neurometabolic coupling, but the specific mechanisms are still poorly understood. To investigate the role of the two major ionotropic glutamate receptors [NMDA receptors (NMDA-Rs) and AMPA receptors (AMPA-Rs)] for the generation of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals, we used fMRI [measurements of blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD), perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI), and cerebral blood volume (CBV)] together with recordings of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) during electrical forepaw stimulation in the alpha-chloralose anesthetized rat. Intravenous injection of the NMDA-R antagonist MK-801 [(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo [a,d] cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate] (0.06 mg/kg plus 3.6 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1)) significantly decreased BOLD (-51 +/- 19%; n = 5) and PWI (-57 +/- 26%; n = 5) responses but reduced the SEPs only mildly (approximately -10%). Systemic application of the AMPA-R antagonist GYKI-53655 [1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-methylcarbamyl-4-methyl-7,8-methylenedioxy-3,4-dihydro-5H-2,3-benzodiazepine] significantly decreased both the hemodynamic response (BOLD, -49 +/- 13 and -65 +/- 15%; PWI, -22 +/- 48 and -68 +/- 4% for 5 and 7 mg/kg, i.v., respectively; CBV, -80 +/- 7% for 7 mg/kg; n = 4) and the SEPs (up to -60%). These data indicate that the interaction of glutamate with its postsynaptic and/or glial receptors is necessary for the generation of blood flow and BOLD responses and illustrate the differential role of NMDA-Rs and AMPA-Rs in the signaling chain leading from increased neuronal activity to the hemodynamic response in the somatosensory cortex.
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Escartin C, Brouillet E, Gubellini P, Trioulier Y, Jacquard C, Smadja C, Knott GW, Goff LKL, Déglon N, Hantraye P, Bonvento G. Ciliary neurotrophic factor activates astrocytes, redistributes their glutamate transporters GLAST and GLT-1 to raft microdomains, and improves glutamate handling in vivo. J Neurosci 2006; 26:5978-89. [PMID: 16738240 PMCID: PMC6675222 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0302-06.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the functional role of activated astrocytes in glutamate homeostasis in vivo, we used a model of sustained astrocytic activation in the rat striatum through lentiviral-mediated gene delivery of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). CNTF-activated astrocytes were hypertrophic, expressed immature intermediate filament proteins and highly glycosylated forms of their glutamate transporters GLAST and GLT-1. CNTF overexpression produced a redistribution of GLAST and GLT-1 into raft functional membrane microdomains, which are important for glutamate uptake. In contrast, CNTF had no detectable effect on the expression of a number of neuronal proteins and on the spontaneous glutamatergic transmission recorded from striatal medium spiny neurons. These results were replicated in vitro by application of recombinant CNTF on a mixed neuron/astrocyte striatal culture. Using microdialysis in the rat striatum, we found that the accumulation of extracellular glutamate induced by quinolinate (QA) was reduced threefold with CNTF. In line with this result, CNTF significantly increased QA-induced [(18)F]-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose uptake, an indirect index of glutamate uptake by astrocytes. Together, these data demonstrate that CNTF activation of astrocytes in vivo is associated with marked phenotypic and molecular changes leading to a better handling of increased levels of extracellular glutamate. Activated astrocytes may therefore be important prosurvival agents in pathological conditions involving defects in glutamate homeostasis.
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