1
|
Martins JCL, Pintor-Cora A, Alegría Á, Santos JA, Herrera-Arias F. Characterization of ESBL-producing Escherichia spp. and report of an mcr-1 colistin-resistance Escherichia fergusonni strain from minced meat in Pamplona, Colombia. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 394:110168. [PMID: 36931145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Foods of animal origin are increasingly considered a source of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria which can disseminate throughout the food chain and become a health concern for humans. This work aimed to evaluate the occurrence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in 100 retail minced meat samples taken in markets in Pamplona, Colombia. A total of 19 ESBL-producing isolates were obtained, 18 identified as E. coli and one as E. fergusonii. Fifteen isolates (78.9 %) carried blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes, one (5.2 %) blaSHV and blaTEM genes, one isolate (5.2 %) carried blaCTX-M and one (5.2 %) blaSHV alone. The majority of CTX-M-positive E. coli isolates carried the blaCTX-M-15 gene (13 isolates), being the blaCTX-M-9, blaCTX-M-2, and blaCTX-M-8 (one isolate each) also detected. Two SHV-positive isolates presented the blaSHV-5 and blaSHV-12 allele. The isolate identified as E. fergusonii was positive for blaCTX-M-65 gene and mcr-1 gene. Sixteen isolates (84.2 %) belonged to phylogroups A and B1 and grouped together in the phylogenetic tree obtained by MLST; phylogroups E and F were also detected. Transfer of ESBL resistance was demonstrated for the E. fergusonii isolate. Whole genome sequencing of this isolate revealed the presence of plasmids carrying additional resistance genes. This investigation showed the high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in retail samples of minced meat. Also, the isolation of a strain of E. fergusonii is an additional concern, as some resistance genes are located in mobile elements, which can be transmitted to other bacteria. These evidences support the increasing public health concern considering the spreading of resistance genes through the food chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana C L Martins
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Alberto Pintor-Cora
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Ángel Alegría
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Jesús A Santos
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Fanny Herrera-Arias
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Pamplona, Pamplona, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ewbank AC, Fuentes-Castillo D, Sacristán C, Cardoso B, Esposito F, Fuga B, de Macedo EC, Lincopan N, Catão-Dias JL. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli survey in wild seabirds at a pristine atoll in the southern Atlantic Ocean, Brazil: First report of the O25b-ST131 clone harboring bla CTX-M-8. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150539. [PMID: 34852430 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is among the most serious public health threats of the 21st century, with great impact in terms of One Health. Among antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB), extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) represent major challenges to human healthcare. Wild birds have been commonly used as environmental bioindicators of ESBL-EC. Remote locations represent a unique opportunity to evaluate the occurrence, dissemination and epidemiology of ARB in the environment. Herein we surveyed ESBL-EC in 204 cloacal swabs from six nonsynanthropic seabird species at the pristine Rocas Atoll, Brazil. We identified ESBL-EC isolates in 2.4% (5/204) of the tested seabirds, all in magnificent frigatebirds (Fregata magnificens). We isolated strains of O25b-ST131-fimH22 harboring gene blaCTX-M-8 (3 clones), ST117 harboring gene blaSHV-12, and a novel ST11350 (clonal complex 349) harboring genes blaCTX-M-55 and fosA3. All the isolates presented Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) virulence profiles. We suggest that magnificent frigatebirds may act as "flying bridges", transporting ESBL-EC and ARGs from an anthropogenically-impacted archipelago geographically close to our pristine and remote study site. The characteristics of our isolates suggest zoonotic potential and, despite the apparent good health of all the evaluated birds, may represent a hypothetical potential threat to the avian population using the atoll. To our knowledge, this is the first description of: (1) the pandemic and public health relevant ST131-O25b harboring blaCTX-M-8 worldwide; (2) ST131-fimH22 in wild birds; and (3); fosA3 in wildlife. Our findings expand the current epidemiological knowledge regarding host and geographical distribution of ESBL-EC and ARGs in wild birds, and emphasize the disseminating characteristics and adaptability of ST131 and ST117 strains within the human-animal-interface. Herein we discuss the involvement of nonsynanthropic wild birds in the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance and their potential as sentinels of ESBL E. coli in insular environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Ewbank
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Danny Fuentes-Castillo
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Sacristán
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Brenda Cardoso
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Esposito
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.; One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Fuga
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.; One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Cavalcante de Macedo
- Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio) - Brazilian Ministry of the Environment, Rocas Atol Biological Reserve, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.; One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - José Luiz Catão-Dias
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Incompatibility Group I1 (IncI1) Plasmids: Their Genetics, Biology, and Public Health Relevance. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2021; 85:85/2/e00031-20. [PMID: 33910982 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00031-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial plasmids are extrachromosomal genetic elements that often carry antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and genes encoding increased virulence and can be transmissible among bacteria by conjugation. One key group of plasmids is the incompatibility group I1 (IncI1) plasmids, which have been isolated from multiple Enterobacteriaceae of food animal origin and clinically ill human patients. The IncI group of plasmids were initially characterized due to their sensitivity to the filamentous bacteriophage If1. Two prototypical IncI1 plasmids, R64 and pColIb-P9, have been extensively studied, and the plasmids consist of unique regions associated with plasmid replication, plasmid stability/maintenance, transfer machinery apparatus, single-stranded DNA transfer, and antimicrobial resistance. IncI1 plasmids are somewhat unique in that they encode two types of sex pili, a thick, rigid pilus necessary for mating and a thin, flexible pilus that helps stabilize bacteria for plasmid transfer in liquid environments. A key public health concern with IncI1 plasmids is their ability to carry antimicrobial resistance genes, including those associated with critically important antimicrobials used to treat severe cases of enteric infections, including the third-generation cephalosporins. Because of the potential importance of these plasmids, this review focuses on the distribution of the plasmids, their phenotypic characteristics associated with antimicrobial resistance and virulence, and their replication, maintenance, and transfer.
Collapse
|
4
|
Nobrega DB, Calarga AP, Nascimento LC, Chande Vasconcelos CG, de Lima EM, Langoni H, Brocchi M. Molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Brazilian dairy herds. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:7210-7224. [PMID: 33773789 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this observational study, phenotypic and genotypic patterns of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from intramammary infections, clinical mastitis, fresh feces, rectal swabs, animal hindlimbs, and bulk tank milk samples from Brazilian dairy herds were investigated. In addition, we identified specific genetic variants present among extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers. We obtained 169 isolates of K. pneumoniae from 2009 to 2011 on 24 Brazilian dairy farms located in 4 Brazilian states. The AMR profile of all isolates was determined using disk-diffusion assays. The antimicrobial panel included drugs commonly used as mastitis treatment in Brazilian dairy herds (gentamicin, cephalosporins, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, tetracycline) as well as antimicrobials of critical importance for human health (meropenem, ceftazidime, fluoroquinolones). The K. pneumoniae isolates resistant to tetracycline, fluoroquinolones, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, or chloramphenicol were screened for presence of drug-specific AMR genes [tet, qnr, aac(6')-Ib, floR, catA2, cm1A, dfr, sul] using PCR. In addition, we identified ESBL genes present among ESBL-producers by using whole genome sequencing. Genomes were assembled and annotated, and patterns of AMR genes were investigated. Resistance was commonly detected against tetracycline (22.5% of all isolates), streptomycin (20.7%), and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (9.5%). Antimicrobial resistance rates were higher in K. pneumoniae isolated from intramammary infections in comparison with isolates from feces (19.2 and 0% of multidrug resistance in intramammary and fecal isolates, respectively). In contrast, no difference in AMR rates was observed when contrasting hind limbs and isolates from intramammary infections. The genes tetA, sul2, and floR were the most frequently observed AMR genes in K. pneumoniae resistant to tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol, respectively. The tetA gene was present exclusively in isolates from milk. The genes blaCTX-M8 and blaSHV-108 were present in 3 ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae, including an isolate from bulk tank milk. The 3 isolates were of sequence type 281 and had similar mobile genetic elements and virulence genes. Our study reinforced the epidemiological importance and dissemination of blaCTX-M-8 pST114 plasmid in food-producing animals in Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Borin Nobrega
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-650, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Aline Parolin Calarga
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-650, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Costa Nascimento
- Central Laboratory for High Performance Technologies (LaCTAD), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-886, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Helio Langoni
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 16618-681, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Brocchi
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-650, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gozi KS, Deus Ajude LPT, Barroso MDV, Silva CRD, Peiró JR, Mendes LCN, Nogueira MCL, Casella T. Potentially Pathogenic Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli in Lamb Meat. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 27:1071-1078. [PMID: 33417827 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC) resistance remains a threat since ESC are important antimicrobials used to treat infections in humans and animals. Escherichia coli is an important source of ESC-resistance genes, such as those encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). E. coli is a common commensal of lambs. Reports that contaminated food can be a source of ESC-resistant bacteria in humans and that ESBL-producing E. coli are found in sheep in Brazil led us to survey their presence in retail lamb meat. Twenty-five samples intended for human consumption were screened for ESC-resistant E. coli, and the isolates were characterized. IncI1-blaCTX-M-8 and IncHI2-blaCTX-M-2 were the main plasmids responsible for ESC resistance. The plasmids harbored common ESBL genes in Enterobacteriaceae from food-producing animals in Brazil. IncI1-blaCTX-M-14 and IncF-blaCTX-M-55 plasmids, associated with human infections, were also detected. Few CTX-M-producing E. coli have been clustered by typing methods, and some may be genetically pathogenic. The findings indicate the presence of diverse strains of E. coli, harboring important ESBL genes, in lamb meat in Brazil. Surveillance of ESC-resistant bacteria could reduce the spread of antimicrobial resistance through the food chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katia Suemi Gozi
- Centro de Investigação de Microrganismos, FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Juliana Regina Peiró
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tiago Casella
- Centro de Investigação de Microrganismos, FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil.,Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Escherichia coli Sequence Type 457 Is an Emerging Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactam-Resistant Lineage with Reservoirs in Wildlife and Food-Producing Animals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 65:AAC.01118-20. [PMID: 33020161 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01118-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver gulls carry phylogenetically diverse Escherichia coli, including globally dominant extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) sequence types and pandemic ExPEC-ST131 clades; however, our large-scale study (504 samples) on silver gulls nesting off the coast of New South Wales identified E. coli ST457 as the most prevalent. A phylogenetic analysis of whole-genome sequences (WGS) of 138 ST457 samples comprising 42 from gulls, 2 from humans (Australia), and 14 from poultry farmed in Paraguay were compared with 80 WGS deposited in public databases from diverse sources and countries. E. coli ST457 strains are phylogenetic group F, carry fimH145, and partition into five main clades in accordance to predominant flagella H-antigen carriage. Although we identified considerable phylogenetic diversity among the 138 ST457 strains, closely related subclades (<100 SNPs) suggested zoonotic or zooanthroponosis transmission between humans, wild birds, and food-producing animals. Australian human clinical and gull strains in two of the clades were closely related (≤80 SNPs). Regarding plasmid content, country, or country/source, specific connections were observed, including I1/ST23, I1/ST314, and I1/ST315 disseminating bla CMY-2 in Australia, I1/ST113 carrying bla CTX-M-8 and mcr-5 in Paraguayan poultry, and F2:A-:B1 plasmids of Dutch origin being detected across multiple ST457 clades. We identified a high prevalence of nearly identical I1/ST23 plasmids carrying bla CMY-2 among Australian gull and clinical human strains. In summary, ST457 is a broad host range, geographically diverse E. coli lineage that can cause human extraintestinal disease, including urinary tract infection, and displays a remarkable ability to capture mobile elements that carry and transmit genes encoding resistance to critically important antibiotics.
Collapse
|
7
|
Nesporova K, Jamborova I, Valcek A, Medvecky M, Literak I, Dolejska M. Various conjugative plasmids carrying the mcr-5 gene in Escherichia coli isolates from healthy chickens in Paraguay. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:3394-3397. [PMID: 31326998 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Nesporova
- CEITEC VFU Brno, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Jamborova
- CEITEC VFU Brno, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Valcek
- CEITEC VFU Brno, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Medvecky
- CEITEC VFU Brno, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Literak
- CEITEC VFU Brno, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Dolejska
- CEITEC VFU Brno, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Iwu CD, du Plessis EM, Korsten L, Nontongana N, Okoh AI. Antibiogram Signatures of Some Enterobacteria Recovered from Irrigation Water and Agricultural Soil in two District Municipalities of South Africa. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081206. [PMID: 32784678 PMCID: PMC7463487 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate the antibiogram fingerprints of some Enterobacteria recovered from irrigation water and agricultural soil in two District Municipalities of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa using standard culture-based and molecular methods. The prevalent resistance patterns in the isolates follow the order: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium [tetracycline (92.3%), ampicillin (69.2%)]; Enterobacter cloacae [amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (77.6%), ampicillin (84.5%), cefuroxime (81.0%), nitrofurantoin (81%), and tetracycline (80.3%)]; Klebsiella pneumoniae [amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (80.6%), ampicillin (88.9%), and cefuroxime (61.1%)]; and Klebsiella oxytoca [chloramphenicol (52.4%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (61.9%), ampicillin (61.9%), and nitrofurantoin (61.9%)]. Antibiotic resistance genes detected include tetC (86%), sulII (86%), and blaAmpC (29%) in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium., tetA (23%), tetB (23%), tetC (12%), sulI (54%), sulII (54%), catII (71%), blaAmpC (86%), blaTEM (43%), and blaPER (17%) in Enterobacter cloacae., tetA (20%), tetC (20%), tetD (10%), sulI (9%), sulII (18%), FOX (11%) and CIT (11%)-type plasmid-mediated AmpC, blaTEM (11%), and blaSHV (5%) in Klebsiella pneumoniae and blaAmpC (18%) in Klebsiella oxytoca. Our findings document the occurrence of some antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteria in irrigation water and agricultural soil in Amathole and Chris Hani District Municipalities, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, thus serving as a potential threat to food safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie Declan Iwu
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; (N.N.); (A.I.O.)
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | - Erika M du Plessis
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (E.M.d.P.); (L.K.)
| | - Lise Korsten
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (E.M.d.P.); (L.K.)
| | - Nolonwabo Nontongana
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; (N.N.); (A.I.O.)
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; (N.N.); (A.I.O.)
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Palmeira JD, Haenni M, Metayer V, Madec JY, Ferreira HMN. Epidemic spread of IncI1/pST113 plasmid carrying the Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) bla CTX-M-8 gene in Escherichia coli of Brazilian cattle. Vet Microbiol 2020; 243:108629. [PMID: 32273008 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae is increasing worldwide and the Agri-Food sector acts as a reservoir of clinically relevant ESBL genes. Our study aimed at detecting and characterizing ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae responsible for intestinal colonization of Brazilian bovines. MATERIAL AND METHODS ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were recovered from fecal samples of healthy cattle in Northwest Brazil. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion. Resistance and virulence genes were identified by PCR and amplicons were sequenced, clonality was assessed by PFGE and MLST, and plasmids were characterized by replicon typing, S1-PFGE and Southern blot hybridizations. Transferability of ESBL genes was assessed by conjugation assay. RESULTS A total of 40 ESBL-producing E. coli were characterized, which originated from 34/191 animals (17.8 %) and 15/22 farms (68.2 %). The blaCTX-M-8 gene was the most frequent ESBL gene (62.5 %), followed by blaSHV-2a (20.0 %), blaCTX-M-2 (10.0 %), and blaCTX-M-15 (7.5 %). The blaCTX-M-8 gene was localized on the IncI1/pST113 plasmid in multiple E. coli sequence types across unrelated animals and farms. DISCUSSION We report the first characterization and a high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in the beef cattle sector in Brazil, which is mainly supported by the spread of an epidemic IncI1/pST113/blaCTX-M-8 plasmid. Since Brazil is one of the biggest beef meat exporters worldwide, the spread of this ESBL plasmid across other sectors, countries and continents should be considered with attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josman Dantas Palmeira
- Microbiology - Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, REQUIMTE, Portugal.
| | - Marisa Haenni
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon - Anses Laboratoire de Lyon, France
| | - Véronique Metayer
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon - Anses Laboratoire de Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon - Anses Laboratoire de Lyon, France
| | - Helena Maria Neto Ferreira
- Microbiology - Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, REQUIMTE, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gozi KS, Froes JR, Deus Ajude LPT, da Silva CR, Baptista RS, Peiró JR, Marinho M, Mendes LCN, Nogueira MCL, Casella T. Dissemination of Multidrug-Resistant Commensal Escherichia coli in Feedlot Lambs in Southeastern Brazil. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1394. [PMID: 31293542 PMCID: PMC6603138 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AR) is a public health issue since it limits the choices to treat infections by Escherichia coli in humans and animals. In Brazil, the ovine meat market has grown in recent years, but studies about AR in sheep are still scarce. Thus, this study aims to investigate the presence of AR in E. coli isolated from lambs during feedlot. To this end, feces from 112 lambs with 2 months of age, after weaning, were collected on the first day of the animals in the feedlot (day 0), and on the last day before slaughtering (day 42). Isolates were selected in MacConkey agar supplemented with 4 mg/L of ceftiofur and identified by biochemical methods. Isolates were submitted to an antimicrobial susceptibility test by disc-diffusion and PCR to investigate genes for phylogenetic group, virulence determinants and resistance to the several antimicrobial classes tested. The genetic localization of the bla genes detected was elucidated by S1-PFGE followed by Southern blot-hybridizations. The isolates were typed by XbaI-PFGE and MLST methods. Seventy-eight E. coli were isolated from 8/112 (7.1%) animals on day 0, and from 55/112 (49.1%) animals on day 42. Since only fimH was present in almost all E. coli (97.4%) as a virulence gene, and also 88.5% belonged to phylogroups B1 or A, we consider that isolates represent intestinal commensal bacteria. The dendrogram separated the 78 non-virulent isolates in seven clusters, two of which comprised 50 E. coli belonging to ST/CC 1727/446 or ST 3994 recovered on day 42 commonly harboring the genotype bla CMY -2-aac(3)-IIa -tetA-sul1-sul2-floR-cmlA. Special attention should be given to the presence of bla CTX-M-15, a worldwide gene spread, and bla CTX-M-14, a hitherto undetected gene in Enterobacteriaceae from food-producing animals in Brazil. Importantly, E. coli lineages and plasmids carrying bla genes detected here have already been reported as sources of infection in humans either from animals, food, or the environment, which raises public health concerns. Hence, two types of commensal E. coli carrying important AR genes clearly prevailed during feedlot, but lambs are also reservoirs of bacteria carrying important AR genes such as bla CTX-M-14 and bla CTX-M-15, mostly related to antimicrobial treatment failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katia Suemi Gozi
- Centro de Investigação e Microrganismos, FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Juliana Regina Peiró
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Marcia Marinho
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tiago Casella
- Centro de Investigação e Microrganismos, FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
- Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guzman-Otazo J, Gonzales-Siles L, Poma V, Bengtsson-Palme J, Thorell K, Flach CF, Iñiguez V, Sjöling Å. Diarrheal bacterial pathogens and multi-resistant enterobacteria in the Choqueyapu River in La Paz, Bolivia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210735. [PMID: 30640938 PMCID: PMC6331111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Water borne diarrheal pathogens might accumulate in river water and cause contamination of drinking and irrigation water. The La Paz River basin, including the Choqueyapu River, flows through La Paz city in Bolivia where it is receiving sewage, and residues from inhabitants, hospitals, and industry. Using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), we determined the quantity and occurrence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC), Salmonella enterica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella spp. and total enterobacteria in river water, downstream agricultural soil, and irrigated crops, during one year of sampling. The most abundant and frequently detected genes were gapA and eltB, indicating presence of enterobacteria and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) carrying the heat labile toxin, respectively. Pathogen levels in the samples were significantly positively associated with high water conductivity and low water temperature. In addition, a set of bacterial isolates from water, soil and crops were analyzed by PCR for presence of the genes blaCTX-M, blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM and blaOXA-48. Four isolates were found to be positive for blaCTX-M genes and whole genome sequencing identified them as E. coli and one Enterobacter cloacae. The E. coli isolates belonged to the emerging, globally disseminated, multi-resistant E. coli lineages ST648, ST410 and ST162. The results indicate not only a high potential risk of transmission of diarrheal diseases by the consumption of contaminated water and vegetables but also the possibility of antibiotic resistance transfer from the environment to the community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Guzman-Otazo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Lucia Gonzales-Siles
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Violeta Poma
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Johan Bengtsson-Palme
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Kaisa Thorell
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl-Fredrik Flach
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Volga Iñiguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ye Q, Wu Q, Zhang S, Zhang J, Yang G, Wang J, Xue L, Chen M. Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae From Retail Food in China. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1709. [PMID: 30135680 PMCID: PMC6092486 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we characterized the β-lactamase genes and phenotypic resistance of cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from retail foods in China. Of 1,024 Enterobacteriaceae isolates recovered from raw meat products, aquatic products, raw vegetables, retail-level ready-to-eat (RTE) foods, frozen foods, and mushrooms from 2011 to 2014, 164 (16.0%) showed cefotaxime (CTX) and/or ceftazidime (CAZ) cephalosporin resistance, and 96 (9.4%) showed the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype. More than 30% isolates were resistant to all antimicrobial agents except carbapenems (MEM 3.1% and IPM 5.2%), cefoxitin (FOX 6.3%), and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC 26%), and 94.8% of the strains were resistant to up to seven antibiotics. Polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that blaTEM (81.9%) was the most common gene, followed by blaCTX-M (68.1%) and blaSHV (38.9%). Moreover, 16.8% (72/429) of food samples contained ESBL-positive Enterobacteriaceae, with the following patterns: 32.9% (23/70) in frozen foods, 27.2% (5/29) in mushrooms, 17.6% (24/131) in raw meats, 13.3% (4/30) in fresh vegetables, 11.1% (8/72) in RTE foods, and 9.3% (9/97) in aquatic products. In addition, 24 of 217 foods collected in South China (11.1%), 25 of 131 foods collected in North of the Yangtze River region (19.1%), and 23 of 81 foods collected in South of the Yangtze River region (28.4%) were positive for ESBL- Enterobacteriaceae. Conjugation experiments demonstrated that the 22 of 72 isolates were transconjugants that had received the β-lactamase gene and were resistant to β-lactam antibiotics as well as some non-β-lactam antibiotics. These findings demonstrated that retail foods may be reservoirs for the dissemination of β-lactam antibiotics and that resistance genes could be transmitted to humans through the food chain; and the predominant ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in China was isolated from in frozen chicken-meat, followed by frozen pork, cold noodles in sauce, cucumber, raw chicken meat, frozen pasta, brine-soaked chicken and tomato.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangzhu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China.,College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Melo LC, Oresco C, Leigue L, Netto HM, Melville PA, Benites NR, Saras E, Haenni M, Lincopan N, Madec JY. Prevalence and molecular features of ESBL/pAmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae in healthy and diseased companion animals in Brazil. Vet Microbiol 2018; 221:59-66. [PMID: 29981709 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)- and plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC)-carrying Enterobacteriaceae have widely disseminated in human, animal and environmental reservoirs. Pets have been recognized as a source of ESBL/pAmpC worldwide, and are possibly also a source of human contamination. The aim of this study was to document to what extent cats and dogs may act as a driving force in the spread of ESBLs and pAmpCs in Brazil. A total of 113 healthy stray cats and dogs and 74 sick pets were sampled, and extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (ESC-R) were detected in 28/113 (24.8%) and 8/74 (10.8%) tested animals, respectively. Different Enterobacteriaceae isolates (mostly E. coli), a large number of E. coli clones (with ST90, ST457, ST973 and ST2541 being predominant), and several ESBL/pAmpC genes and plasmids were characterized, highlighting the ability of stray and pet cats and dogs to further spread a wide range of ESC-resistance determinants. The ESBL phenotype was due to the blaCTX-M-2 and blaCTX-M-8 genes, as found in human epidemiology in Brazil, but blaCTX-M-9 and blaCTX-M-15 were also identified. The pAmpC phenotype was systematically due to the presence of the blaCMY-2 gene, mostly carried by IncI1 ST12 plasmids. Our results showed that pets can be considered a significant reservoir of multidrug-resistant bacteria in Brazil. This is especially true for healthy stray dogs that displayed the highest prevalence (24.8%) of ESBLs/pAmpC resistance determinants, which can then be further spread both to the environment and to other animals or humans by contact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luana C Melo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, ANSES Laboratoire de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Cíntia Oresco
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucianne Leigue
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Priscilla A Melville
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilson R Benites
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Estelle Saras
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, ANSES Laboratoire de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, ANSES Laboratoire de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, ANSES Laboratoire de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Andrade LN, Novais Â, Stegani LMM, Ferreira JC, Rodrigues C, Darini ALC, Peixe L. Virulence genes, capsular and plasmid types of multidrug-resistant CTX-M(-2, -8, -15) and KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from four major hospitals in Brazil. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 91:164-168. [PMID: 29459053 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We performed a single-month snapshot study of the population diversity of multidrug resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates producing carbapenemases and/or extended-spectrum β-lactamases from four major hospitals in Brazil. Isolates produced diverse ESBL (CTX-M-2, -8, -15, SHV-2), KPC-2 or both (CTX-M-2 and KPC-2), linked to specific genetic backgrounds and plasmids from a few families (IncR, IncFIIk, IncL/M) that were shared among clonal lineages within and between hospitals. A high clonal diversity was identified, among isolates from the same ST (ST11, ST15, ST101 or ST340). Diverse capsular types (n=13 K-types) were identified, most of which linked to specific ST (ST11 and K27 or K64, ST101 and K17, ST340 and KL151, ST15 and K24 or ST17 and KL112). Isolates shared a common set of virulence genes (ureA, fimH, uge, wabG, mrkD, entB) and occasionally ybtS (42%) and kfuBC (18%). Our data suggest intra- and inter-hospital spread of common genetic structures and international MDR K. pneumoniae clones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Neves Andrade
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP) - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ângela Novais
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lenita Maria Marcato Stegani
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP) - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Joseane Cristina Ferreira
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP) - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Rodrigues
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Lucia Costa Darini
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP) - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luisa Peixe
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
ESBL-producing Escherichia coli
and Its Rapid Rise among Healthy People. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2017; 5:122-150. [PMID: 32231938 DOI: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2017011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since around the 2000s, Escherichia coli (E. coli) resistant to both oxyimino-cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones has remarkably increased worldwide in clinical settings. The kind of E. coli is also identified in patients suffering from community-onset infectious diseases such as urinary tract infections. Moreover, recoveries of multi-drug resistant E. coli from the feces of healthy people have been increasingly documented in recent years, although the actual state remains uncertain. These E. coli isolates usually produce extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), as well as acquisition of amino acid substitutions in the quinolone-resistance determining regions (QRDRs) of GyrA and/or ParC, together with plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants such as Qnr, AAC(6')-Ib-cr, and QepA. The actual state of ESBL-producing E. coli in hospitalized patients has been carefully investigated in many countries, while that in healthy people still remains uncertain, although high fecal carriage rates of ESBL producers in healthy people have been reported especially in Asian and South American countries. The issues regarding the ESBL producers have become very complicated and chaotic due to rapid increase of both ESBL variants and plasmids mediating ESBL genes, together with the emergence of various "epidemic strains" or "international clones" of E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring transferable-plasmids carrying multiple antimicrobial resistance genes. Thus, the current state of ESBL producers outside hospital settings was overviewed together with the relation among those recovered from livestock, foods, pets, environments and wildlife from the viewpoint of molecular epidemiology. This mini review may contribute to better understanding about ESBL producers among people who are not familiar with the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatening rising globally.
Collapse
|
16
|
Specific blaCTX-M-8/IncI1 Plasmid Transfer among Genetically Diverse Escherichia coli Isolates between Humans and Chickens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00663-17. [PMID: 28396551 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00663-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the genetic backbones of 14 blaCTX-M-8-positive Escherichia coli isolates recovered from human stool samples and chicken meat. All isolates carried IncI1 plasmids with blaCTX-M-8 (blaCTX-M-8/IncI1), and most (9/14) belonged to a specific genetic lineage, namely, plasmid sequence type 113 (pST113). The genetic contexts of the nine blaCTX-M-8/IncI1 pST113 plasmids were similar, regardless of the source. These results suggest the probable local transfer of blaCTX-M-8/IncI1 between humans and chickens with genetically diverse E. coli.
Collapse
|
17
|
Moura Q, Fernandes MR, Silva KC, Monte DF, Esposito F, Dropa M, Noronha C, Moreno AM, Landgraf M, Negrão FJ, Lincopan N. Virulent nontyphoidal Salmonella producing CTX-M and CMY-2 β-lactamases from livestock, food and human infection, Brazil. Virulence 2017; 9:281-286. [PMID: 28102761 PMCID: PMC5955470 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1279779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Quézia Moura
- a Department of Microbiology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Miriam R Fernandes
- b Department of Clinical Analysis , School of Pharmacy, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Ketrin C Silva
- c School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Daniel F Monte
- d Food and Experimental Nutrition Department , School of Pharmacy & Food Research Center, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Fernanda Esposito
- b Department of Clinical Analysis , School of Pharmacy, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Milena Dropa
- e Public Health Laboratory, School of Public Health, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - César Noronha
- f State Center for Clinical Analysis , São Paulo, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Andrea M Moreno
- c School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Mariza Landgraf
- d Food and Experimental Nutrition Department , School of Pharmacy & Food Research Center, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Fábio J Negrão
- g Health Sciences Research Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados , Dourados , Brazil
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- a Department of Microbiology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.,b Department of Clinical Analysis , School of Pharmacy, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Castellanos LR, Donado-Godoy P, León M, Clavijo V, Arevalo A, Bernal JF, Timmerman AJ, Mevius DJ, Wagenaar JA, Hordijk J. High Heterogeneity of Escherichia coli Sequence Types Harbouring ESBL/AmpC Genes on IncI1 Plasmids in the Colombian Poultry Chain. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170777. [PMID: 28125687 PMCID: PMC5268450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Escherichia coli producing ESBL/AmpC enzymes are unwanted in animal production chains as they may pose a risk to human and animal health. Molecular characterization of plasmids and strains carrying genes that encode these enzymes is essential to understand their local and global spread. Objectives To investigate the diversity of genes, plasmids and strains in ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli from the Colombian poultry chain isolated within the Colombian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (Coipars). Methods A total of 541 non-clinical E. coli strains from epidemiologically independent samples and randomly isolated between 2008 and 2013 within the Coipars program were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Poultry isolates resistant to cefotaxime (MIC ≥ 4 mg/L) were screened for ESBL/AmpC genes including blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCMY and blaOXA. Plasmid and strain characterization was performed for a selection of the ESBL/AmpC-producing isolates. Plasmids were purified and transformed into E. coli DH10B cells or transferred by conjugation to E. coli W3110. When applicable, PCR Based Replicon Typing (PBRT), plasmid Multi Locus Sequence Typing (pMLST), plasmid Double Locus Sequence Typing (pDLST) and/or plasmid Replicon Sequence Typing (pRST) was performed on resulting transformants and conjugants. Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) was used for strain characterization. Results In total, 132 of 541 isolates were resistant to cefotaxime and 122 were found to carry ESBL/AmpC genes. Ninety-two harboured blaCMY-2 (75%), fourteen blaSHV-12 (11%), three blaSHV-5 (2%), five blaCTX-M-2 (4%), one blaCTX-M-15 (1%), one blaCTX-M-8 (1%), four a combination of blaCMY-2 and blaSHV-12 (4%) and two a combination of blaCMY-2 and blaSHV-5 (2%). A selection of 39 ESBL/AmpC-producing isolates was characterized at the plasmid and strain level. ESBL/AmpC genes from 36 isolates were transferable by transformation or conjugation of which 22 were located on IncI1 plasmids. These IncI1 plasmids harboured predominantly blaCMY-2 (16/22), and to a lesser extend blaSHV-12 (5/22) and blaCTX-M-8 (1/22). Other plasmid families associated with ESBL/AmpC-genes were IncK (4/33), IncHI2 (3/33), IncA/C (2/33), IncΒ/O (1/33) and a non-typeable replicon (1/33). Subtyping of IncI1 and IncHI2 demonstrated IncI1/ST12 was predominantly associated with blaCMY-2 (12/16) and IncHI2/ST7 with blaCTX-M-2 (2/3). Finally, 31 different STs were detected among the 39 selected isolates. Conclusions Resistance to extended spectrum cephalosporins in E. coli from Colombian poultry is mainly caused by blaCMY-2 and blaSHV-12. The high diversity of strain Sequence Types and the dissemination of homogeneous IncI1/ST12 plasmids suggest that spread of the resistance is mainly mediated by horizontal gene transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ricardo Castellanos
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Colombian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance – Coipars, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - Corpoica, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Pilar Donado-Godoy
- Colombian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance – Coipars, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - Corpoica, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Maribel León
- Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario - ICA, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Viviana Clavijo
- Colombian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance – Coipars, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - Corpoica, Cundinamarca, Colombia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Los Andes University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Arevalo
- Colombian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance – Coipars, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - Corpoica, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Johan F. Bernal
- Colombian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance – Coipars, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - Corpoica, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Arjen J. Timmerman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dik J. Mevius
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap A. Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Hordijk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tekiner İH, Özpınar H. Occurrence and characteristics of extended spectrum beta-lactamases-producing Enterobacteriaceae from foods of animal origin. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47:444-51. [PMID: 26991276 PMCID: PMC4874675 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2015.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Presence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) in bacteria is a growing health concern of global significance. The local, regional, national, and international epidemiological studies for extended spectrum beta-lactamases-producing Enterobacteriaceae and their encoding genes in foods are still incomplete. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases-producing Enterobacteriaceae and the characteristics of their encoding genes from a total of 250 samples of various foods of animal-origin (100 raw chicken meat, 100 raw cow milk, and 50 raw cow milk cheese) sold in Turkey. Overall, 55 isolates were positive as extended spectrum beta-lactamases-producing Enterobacteriaceae. The most prevalent extended spectrum beta-lactamases-producing strain were identified as Escherichia coli (80%), followed by Enterobacter cloacae (9.1%), Citrobacter braakii (5.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (3.6%), and Citrobacter werkmanii (1.8%) by Vitek® MS. The simultaneous production of extended spectrum beta-lactamases and AmpC was detected in five isolates (9.1%) in E. coli (80%) and E. cloacae (20%). The frequency rates of blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaSHV were 96.4%, 53.7%, and 34.5%, respectively. The co-existence of bla-genes was observed in 82% of extended spectrum beta-lactamases producers with a distribution of blaTEM & blaCTX-M (52.7%), blaTEM & blaSHV (20%), blaTEM & blaCTX-M & blaSHV (12.7%), and blaSHV & blaCTX-M (1.8%). The most prevalent variant of blaCTX-M clusters was defined as blaCTX-M-1 (97.2%), followed by blaCTX-M-8 (2.8%). In summary, the analysed foods were found to be posing a health risk for Turkish consumers due to contamination by Enterobacteriaceae with a diversity of extended spectrum beta-lactamases encoding genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- İsmail Hakkı Tekiner
- Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul Aydın University, Florya Campus, Sefaköy, Küçükçekmece, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Haydar Özpınar
- Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul Aydın University, Florya Campus, Sefaköy, Küçükçekmece, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fitch FM, Carmo-Rodrigues MS, Oliveira VGS, Gaspari MV, Dos Santos A, de Freitas JB, Pignatari ACC. β-Lactam Resistance Genes: Characterization, Epidemiology, and First Detection of blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-14 in Salmonella spp. Isolated from Poultry in Brazil-Brazil Ministry of Agriculture's Pathogen Reduction Program. Microb Drug Resist 2015; 22:164-71. [PMID: 26380894 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. are widespread in nature; however, human infections occur mainly through ingestion of contaminated food, specially poultry and eggs. In Brazil, the Ministry of Agriculture (MAPA) oversees food production in general, with the goal of preventing transmission of pathogens through the food chain. In 2004, MAPA initiated a program to monitor and control levels of Salmonella in poultry during slaughter. This study analyzes isolates from MAPA's program for β-lactam resistance and the resistance genes involved, as well as the geographic distributions of potentially clonal populations of resistant isolates within Brazil. Initially, 1,939 Salmonella spp. isolated between 2004 and 2011 were examined. These isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, and 100 isolates resistant or intermediate to ampicillin and ceftriaxone were screened initially for the presence of blaSHV, blaTEM, blaOXA, blaPSA, blaCMY-1, and blaCMY-2 genes. There were 55 isolates whose resistance genes were not identified by this panel and these isolates are the subject of this report. These 55 isolates were differentiated into 31 distinct ribogroups, with multiple β-lactam resistance genes, including AmpC blaCMY, blaTEM, blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-8, and blaCTX-M-14. Isolates carrying variants of blaCTX-M were identified in three geographic regions. Salmonella carrying particular genetic variants of blaCTX-M and belonging to the same ribogroup were identified from multiple poultry slaughtering facilities. In some instances, these presumptive clonal-related isolates were from facilities over 300 miles apart, indicating potential clonal spread between two geographic regions. This is the first report of blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-14 in Salmonella in Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Amaury Dos Santos
- 2 Ministry of Agriculture and Food Supply , LANAGRO, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|