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Futaki M, Inamura K, Nishimura T, Niitsu T, Tojo T, Sugibayashi K, Todo H. A Hollow Microneedle Equipped with a Micropillar for Improved Needle Insertion and Injection of Drug Solution. Pharm Res 2024; 41:819-831. [PMID: 38443630 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03681-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hollow-type microneedles (hMNs) are a promising device for the effective administration of drugs into intradermal sites. Complete insertion of the needle into the skin and administration of the drug solution without leakage must be achieved to obtain bioavailability or a constant effect. In the present study, several types of hMN with or without a rounded blunt tip micropillar, which suppresses skin deformation, around a hollow needle, and the effect on successful needle insertion and administration of a drug solution was investigated. Six different types of hMNs with needle lengths of 1000, 1300, and 1500 µm with or without a micropillar were used. METHODS Needle insertion and the disposition of a drug in rat skin were investigated. In addition, the displacement-force profile during application of hMNs was also investigated using a texture analyzer with an artificial membrane to examine needle factors affecting successful insertion and administration of a drug solution by comparing with in vivo results. RESULTS According to the results with the drug distribution of iodine, hMN1300 with a micropillar was able to successfully inject drug solution into an intradermal site with a high success rate. In addition, the results of displacement-force profiles with an artificial membrane showed that a micropillar can be effective for depth control of the injected solution as well as the prevention of contact between the hMN pedestal and the deformed membrane. CONCLUSION In the present study, hMN1300S showed effective solution delivery into an intradermal site. In particular, a micropillar can be effective for depth control of the injected solution as well as preventing contact between the hMN pedestal and the deformed membrane. The obtained results will help in the design and development of hMNs that ensure successful injection of an administered drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Futaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Kazuya Inamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nishimura
- Processing Development Research Lab., Kao Corp., 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-cho, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3426, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Niitsu
- Processing Development Research Lab., Kao Corp., 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-cho, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3426, Japan
| | - Takehiko Tojo
- Processing Development Research Lab., Kao Corp., 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-cho, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3426, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugibayashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane, Chiba-ken, 283-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Todo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan.
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Zheng W, Wang F, Tao N, Wang X, Jin X, Zhang C, Xu C. An androgenetic alopecia remedy based on marine collagen peptide-incorporated dissolving microneedles. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123629. [PMID: 37992979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Given that current androgenetic alopecia (AGA) medications have adverse effects such as sexual dysfunction and drug dependence, researchers are actively exploring natural bioactive ingredients and innovative approaches (e.g., transdermal drug delivery systems) to effectively combat hair loss with minimal side effects. Herein, we develop a new transdermal drug delivery system incorporating globefish skin collagen peptides with dissolving microneedles (GSCPs-MNs) for hair regrowth. These microneedles generate skin micro-wounds upon application, which not only improves the efficiency of bioactive ingredients delivery, but also stimulates signals involved in hair follicle (HF) regeneration. Our in vivo study shows that minimally invasive implanted GSCPs-MNs are more effective than topical GSCPs in reducing inflammation and promoting collagen formation. Additionally, the upregulation of vascular markers including VEGF and CD31 alongside the downregulation of TNF-α, IL-1β, and malondialdehyde (MDA) index indicate that GSCPs-MNs can significantly alleviate inflammation and oxidation, as well as promoting vascularization and HF functionalization. Overall, our findings suggest that GSCPs-MNs can effectively promote hair regrowth in AGA mice, which offer excellent prospects for the development of new therapeutics and cosmetic supplements for hair loss, along with the combined drug delivery optimization, which could alleviate hair loss in patients with AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Suzhou Qinpu Biotechnology Pte Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215215, China
| | - Fan Wang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Suzhou Qinpu Biotechnology Pte Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215215, China
| | - Ningping Tao
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; National R & D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xichang Wang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; National R & D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Chuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Changhua Xu
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; National R & D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology, Shanghai 201306, China.
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3
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An H, Gu Z, Huang Z, Huo T, Xu Y, Dong Y, Wen Y. Novel microneedle platforms for the treatment of wounds by drug delivery: A review. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 233:113636. [PMID: 37979482 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The management and treatment of wounds are complex and pose a substantial financial burden to the patient. However, the complex environment of wounds leads to inadequate drug absorption to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. As a novel technological platform, microneedles are widely used in drug delivery because of their multiple drug loading, multistage drug release, and multiple designs of topology. This study systematically summarizes and analyzes the manufacturing methods and limitations of different microneedles, as well as the latest research advances in pain management, drug delivery, and healing promotion, and presents the challenges and opportunities for clinical applications. On this basis, the development of microneedles in external wound repair and management is envisioned, and it is hoped that this study can provide guidelines for the design of microneedle systems in different application contexts, including the selection of materials, preparation methods, and structural design, to achieve better healing and regeneration results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng An
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhe Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tong Huo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yongxiang Xu
- Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081 China.
| | | | - Yongqiang Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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Luo H, Zan F, Cui J. Effect of microneedle roller on promoting transdermal absorption of crossbow-medicine liquid via transdermal administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the safety of crossbow-medicine needle therapy: An experimental study. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 317:116751. [PMID: 37295573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Crossbow-medicine needle therapy (microneedle roller combined with crossbow-medicine) is one of the external treatment methods of Miao Medicine in China. It is a way of combining acupuncture with Chinese herbal medicine, which is widely used in clinical treatment of pain. AIM OF THE STUDY To observe the transdermal absorption promoting effect of microneedle roller via transdermal administration, and to discuss the transdermal absorption characteristics and the safety of crossbow-medicine needle therapy. METHODS Based on the determination of the content of the main components of crossbow-medicine prescription in our previous research, the present experiment was conducted in-vitro and in-vivo experiments and the skin of rats was used as the penetration barrier. For in-vitro experiment, the modified Franz diffusion cell method was used to determine the transdermal absorption rate and 24h cumulative transdermal absorption amount of the active ingredients of crossbow-medicine liquid. For in-vivo experiment, tissue homogenization was applied to compare the skin retention amount and plasma concentration of crossbow-medicine liquid absorbed at different time points via the aforementioned two modes of administration. Furthermore, the effect of crossbow-medicine needle on the morphological structure of rat skin stratum corneum was detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The safety of crossbow-medicine needle therapy was evaluated according to the scoring criteria of the skin irritation test. RESULTS 1. In-vitro experiment: In the microneedle-roller group and crossbow-medicine liquid application group, the effect of transdermal delivery was identified in all the four ingredients of anabasine, chlorogenic acid, mesaconitine and hypaconitine. The 24h cumulative transdermal absorption amount and transdermal absorption rate of each ingredient in microneedle-roller group were significantly higher than those in crossbow-medicine liquid application group (all P < 0.05). 2. In-vivo experiment: Both microneedle-roller and crossbow-medicine liquid application could promote the transdermal absorption of the active ingredients of the drug in the skin and retain in the skin structure. After 8h of administration, the total retention amount of anabasine, chlorogenic acid, mesaconitine and hypaconitine in the skin of rats in the former group was significantly higher than that in the latter group (all P < 0.05). 3. HE staining: In the blank group, the stratum corneum showed an evenly zonal distribution on the active epidermis, and had a close connection with the epidermis, without exfoliation or cell dissociation of the stratum corneum. The crossbow-medicine liquid group had a relatively complete stratum corneum, with a small proportion of exfoliation or cell dissociation, loose arrangement and loose connection with the epidermis. In the microneedle-roller group, the skin had pore channels, and the stratum corneum was loose and exfoliated, which showed zonal distribution in a free state and a high degree of separation. The crossbow-medicine needle group had loose the stratum corneum, broken and exfoliated, which was separated from the active epidermis and showed zonal distribution in a free state. 4. SAFETY No obvious erythema, edema and skin protuberance were observed in the skin of rats treated with microneedle roller, crossbow-medicine liquid and crossbow-medicine needle. Additionally, the skin irritative response score was 0. CONCLUSION Microneedle roller can promote the transdermal absorption of crossbow-medicine liquid, and crossbow-medicine needle therapy has good safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Luo
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
| | - Fangfang Zan
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Jin Cui
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
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Firdous SO, Sagor MMH, Arafat MT. Advances in Transdermal Delivery of Antimicrobial Peptides for Wound Management: Biomaterial-Based Approaches and Future Perspectives. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023. [PMID: 37976446 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), distinguished by their cationic and amphiphilic nature, represent a critical frontier in the battle against antimicrobial resistance due to their potent antimicrobial activity and a broad spectrum of action. However, the clinical translation of AMPs faces hurdles, including their susceptibility to degradation, limited bioavailability, and the need for targeted delivery. Transdermal delivery has immense potential for optimizing AMP administration for wound management. Leveraging the skin's accessibility and barrier properties, transdermal delivery offers a noninvasive approach that can circumvent systemic side effects and ensure sustained release. Biomaterial-based delivery systems, encompassing nanofibers, hydrogels, nanoparticles, and liposomes, have emerged as key players in enhancing the efficacy of transdermal AMP delivery. These biomaterial carriers not only shield AMPs from enzymatic degradation but also provide controlled release mechanisms, thereby elevating stability and bioavailability. The synergistic interaction between the transdermal approach and biomaterial-facilitated formulations presents a promising strategy to overcome the multifaceted challenges associated with AMP delivery. Integrating advanced technologies and personalized medicine, this convergence allows the reimagining of wound care. This review amalgamates insights to propose a pathway where AMPs, transdermal delivery, and biomaterial innovation harmonize for effective wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Omara Firdous
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mehadi Hassan Sagor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - M Tarik Arafat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
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Demartis S, Rassu G, Mazzarello V, Larrañeta E, Hutton A, Donnelly RF, Dalpiaz A, Roldo M, Guillot AJ, Melero A, Giunchedi P, Gavini E. Delivering hydrosoluble compounds through the skin: what are the chances? Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123457. [PMID: 37788729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Demartis
- Department of Chemical, Mathematical, Natural and Physical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - G Rassu
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - V Mazzarello
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - E Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - A Hutton
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - R F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - A Dalpiaz
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 19, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Roldo
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - A J Guillot
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vincent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - A Melero
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vincent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - P Giunchedi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - E Gavini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy.
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Meng S, Wu H, Xiao D, Lan S, Dong A. Recent advances in bacterial cellulose-based antibacterial composites for infected wound therapy. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 316:121082. [PMID: 37321715 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wound infection arising from pathogenic bacteria brought serious trouble to the patient and medical system. Among various wound dressings that are effective in killing pathogenic bacteria, antimicrobial composites based on bacterial cellulose (BC) are becoming the most popular materials due to their success in eliminating pathogenic bacteria, preventing wound infection, and promoting wound healing. However, as an extracellular natural polymer, BC is not inherently antimicrobial, which means that it must be combined with other antimicrobials to be effective against pathogens. BC has many advantages over other polymers, including nano-structure, significant moisture retention, non-adhesion to the wound surface, which has made it superior to other biopolymers. This review introduces the recent advances in BC-based composites for the treatment of wound infection, including the classification and preparation methods of composites, the mechanism of wound treatment, and commercial application. Moreover, their wound therapy applications include hydrogel dressing, surgical sutures, wound healing bandages, and patches are summarized in detail. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of BC-based antibacterial composites for the treatment of infected wounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suriguga Meng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Haixia Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Douxin Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Shi Lan
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
| | - Alideertu Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
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8
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Chen X, Xiao H, Shi X, Zhao Q, Xu X, Fan P, Xiao D. Bibliometric analysis and visualization of transdermal drug delivery research in the last decade: global research trends and hotspots. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1173251. [PMID: 37397493 PMCID: PMC10313210 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1173251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Transdermal delivery has become a crucial field in pharmaceutical research. There has been a proliferation of innovative methods for transdermal drug delivery. In recent years, the number of publications regarding transdermal drug delivery has been rising rapidly. To investigate the current research trends and hotspots in transdermal drug delivery, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis was performed. Methods: An extensive literature review was conducted to gather information on transdermal drug delivery that had been published between 2003 and 2022. The articles were obtained from the Web of Science (WOS) and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) databases. Subsequently, the collected data underwent analysis and visualization using a variety of software tools. This approach enables a deeper exploration of the hotspots and emerging trends within this particular research domain. Results: The results showed that the number of articles published on transdermal delivery has increased steadily over the years, with a total of 2,555 articles being analyzed. The most frequently cited articles were related to the optimization of drug delivery and the use of nanotechnology in transdermal drug delivery. The most active countries in the field of transdermal delivery research were the China, United States, and India. Furthermore, the hotspots over the past 2 decades were identified (e.g., drug therapy, drug delivery, and pharmaceutical preparations and drug design). The shift in research focus reflects an increasing emphasis on drug delivery and control release, rather than simply absorption and penetration, and suggests a growing interest in engineering approaches to transdermal drug delivery. Conclusion: This study provided a comprehensive overview of transdermal delivery research. The research indicated that transdermal delivery would be a rapidly evolving field with many opportunities for future research and development. Moreover, this bibliometric analysis will help researchers gain insights into transdermal drug delivery research's hotspots and trends accurately and quickly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghan Chen
- Research Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haitao Xiao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiujun Shi
- Research Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiao Zhao
- Research Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongqin Xiao
- Research Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
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Tang Q, Xu F, Wei X, Gu J, Qiao P, Zhu X, Yin S, Ouyang D, Dong J, Yao J, Wang Y, Chen J. Investigation of β-caryophyllene as terpene penetration enhancer: Role of stratum corneum retention. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 183:106401. [PMID: 36750147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes are usually used as penetration enhancers (PE) for transdermal drug delivery (TDD) of various molecules. However, TDD of hydrophilic macromolecules is becoming an urgent challenge due to their potent activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential application of β-caryophyllene (β-CP), a sequiterpene, as PE for TDD of hydrophilic macromolecules for the first time. Commonly used PEs, namely azone and 1,8-cineole (1,8-CN), were applied as controls. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) analysis revealed that the reduction of skin barrier function caused by β-CP was reversible. Transdermal experiments showed that when skin was treated with β-CP or azone, there was a significant permeation-enhancing effect on fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and FITC-dextran with different molecular weight (MW) of 4k or 10k. CLSM analysis confirmed that β-CP and azone can facilitate the penetration of FD-4k through epidermis and dermis. However, the cytotoxicity of azone against epidermal keratinocytes was significantly higher than β-CP and 1,8-CN. Additionally, application of β-CP and 1,8-CN didn't increase erythema index (EI) but the EI values of azone group increased significantly and irreversibly, indicating the high biocompatibility of the natural terpenes. β-CP had better permeation-enhancing effect and higher stratum corneum (SC) retention than 1,8-CN due to its increased carbon chain length and lipophilicity, as further demonstrated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies. Skin electrical resistance (SER) and attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) studies revealed a significant interfering effect of β-CP on SC lipids. Taken together, β-CP exhibited significant penetration enhancement of hydrophilic macromolecules due to its SC retention and SC lipid fluidization ability.
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10
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Hendawy OM, Al-Sanea MM, Elbargisy RM, Rahman HU, Gomaa HAM, Mohamed AAB, Ibrahim MF, Kassem AM, Elmowafy M. Development of Olive Oil Containing Phytosomal Nanocomplex for Improving Skin Delivery of Quercetin: Formulation Design Optimization, In Vitro and Ex Vivo Appraisals. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041124. [PMID: 37111610 PMCID: PMC10145320 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current work was to fabricate, optimize and assess olive oil/phytosomal nanocarriers to improve quercetin skin delivery. Olive oil/phytosomal nanocarriers, prepared by a solvent evaporation/anti-solvent precipitation technique, were optimized using a Box–Behnken design, and the optimized formulation was appraised for in vitro physicochemical characteristics and stability. The optimized formulation was assessed for skin permeation and histological alterations. The optimized formulation (with an olive oil/PC ratio of 0.166, a QC/PC ratio of 1.95 and a surfactant concentration of 1.6%), and with a particle diameter of 206.7 nm, a zeta potential of −26.3 and an encapsulation efficiency of 85.3%, was selected using a Box–Behnken design. The optimized formulation showed better stability at ambient temperature when compared to refrigerating temperature (4 °C). The optimized formulation showed significantly higher skin permeation of quercetin when compared to an olive-oil/surfactant-free formulation and the control (~1.3-fold and 1.9-fold, respectively). It also showed alteration to skin barriers without remarkable toxicity aspects. Conclusively, this study demonstrated the use of olive oil/phytosomal nanocarriers as potential carriers for quercetin—a natural bioactive agent—to improve its skin delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia M. Hendawy
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad M. Al-Sanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hidayat Ur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham A. M. Gomaa
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. B. Mohamed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Abdulsalam M. Kassem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Elmowafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Shimizu T, Matsuzaki T, Fukuda S, Yoshioka C, Shimazaki Y, Takese S, Yamanaka K, Nakae T, Ishibashi M, Hamamoto H, Ando H, Ishima Y, Ishida T. Ionic Liquid-Based Transcutaneous Peptide Antitumor Vaccine: Therapeutic Effect in a Mouse Tumor Model. AAPS J 2023; 25:27. [PMID: 36805860 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00790-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional vaccinations need to be injected with needles, and since some people have a strong aversion to needles, a needle-free alternative delivery system is important. In this study, we employed ionic liquids (ILs) for transcutaneous delivery of cancer antigen-derived peptides to obtain anticancer therapeutic effects in a needle-free manner. ILs successfully increased the in vitro skin permeability of a peptide from Wilms tumor 1 (WT1), one of the more promising cancer antigens, plus or minus an adjuvant, resiquimod (R848), a toll-like receptor 7 agonist. In vivo studies demonstrated that concomitant transcutaneous delivery of WT1 peptide and R848 by ILs induced WT1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) in mice, resulting in tumor growth inhibition in Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing mice. Interestingly, administrating R848 in ILs before WT1 peptides in ILs increased tumor growth inhibition effects compared to co-administration of both. We found that the prior application of R848 increased the infiltration of leukocytes in the skin and that subsequent delivery of WT1 peptides was more likely to induce WT1-specific CTL. Furthermore, sequential immunization with IL-based formulations was applicable to different types of peptides and cancer models without induction of skin irritation. IL-based transcutaneous delivery of cancer antigen-derived peptides and adjuvants, either alone or together, could be a novel approach to needle-free cancer therapeutic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-Machi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Matsuzaki
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-Machi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Fukuda
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-Machi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Chihiro Yoshioka
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-Machi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yuna Shimazaki
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-Machi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Takese
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-Machi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Yamanaka
- MEDRx Co., Ltd, 431-7 Nishiyama, Higashikagawa City, Kagawa, 769-2712, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakae
- MEDRx Co., Ltd, 431-7 Nishiyama, Higashikagawa City, Kagawa, 769-2712, Japan
| | - Masaki Ishibashi
- MEDRx Co., Ltd, 431-7 Nishiyama, Higashikagawa City, Kagawa, 769-2712, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hamamoto
- MEDRx Co., Ltd, 431-7 Nishiyama, Higashikagawa City, Kagawa, 769-2712, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ando
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-Machi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yu Ishima
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-Machi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-Machi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan.
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12
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Sebastia-Saez D, Benaouda F, Lim CH, Lian G, Jones SA, Cui L, Chen T. In-Silico Modelling of Transdermal Delivery of Macromolecule Drugs Assisted by a Skin Stretching Hypobaric Device. Pharm Res 2023; 40:295-305. [PMID: 36348132 PMCID: PMC9911480 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03423-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a simulation model to explore the interplay between mechanical stretch and diffusion of large molecules into the skin under locally applied hypobaric pressure, a novel penetration enhancement method. METHODS Finite element method was used to model the skin mechanical deformation and molecular diffusion processes, with validation against in-vitro transdermal permeation experiments. Simulations and experimental data were used together to investigate the transdermal permeation of large molecules under local hypobaric pressure. RESULTS Mechanical simulations resulted in skin stretching and thinning (20%-26% hair follicle diameter increase, and 21%-27% skin thickness reduction). Concentration of dextrans in the stratum corneum was below detection limit with and without hypobaric pressure. Concentrations in viable epidermis and dermis were not affected by hypobaric pressure (approximately 2 μg [Formula: see text] cm-2). Permeation into the receptor fluid was substantially enhanced from below the detection limit at atmospheric pressure to up to 6 μg [Formula: see text] cm-2 under hypobaric pressure. The in-silico simulations compared satisfactorily with the experimental results at atmospheric conditions. Under hypobaric pressure, satisfactory comparison was attained when the diffusion coefficients of dextrans in the skin layers were increased from [Formula: see text] 10 μm2 [Formula: see text] s-1 to between 200-500 μm2 [Formula: see text] s-1. CONCLUSIONS Application of hypobaric pressure induces skin mechanical stretching and enlarges the hair follicle. This enlargement alone cannot satisfactorily explain the increased transdermal permeation into the receptor fluid under hypobaric pressure. The results from the in-silico simulations suggest that the application of hypobaric pressure increases diffusion in the skin, which leads to improved overall transdermal permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sebastia-Saez
- grid.5475.30000 0004 0407 4824Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Faiza Benaouda
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Chui Hua Lim
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Guoping Lian
- grid.5475.30000 0004 0407 4824Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK ,grid.418707.d0000 0004 0598 4264Unilever R&D Colworth, Bedford, UK
| | - Stuart A. Jones
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Liang Cui
- grid.5475.30000 0004 0407 4824Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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13
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Abstract
The global cosmetics market reached US$500 billion in 2017 and is expected to exceed US$800 billion by 2023, at around a 7% annual growth rate. The cosmetics industry is emerging as one of the fastest-growing industries of the past decade. Data shows that the Chinese cosmetics market was US$60 billion in 2021. It is expected to be the world's number one consumer cosmetics market by 2050, with a size of approximately US$450 billion. The influence of social media and the internet has raised awareness of the risks associated with the usage of many chemicals in cosmetics and the health benefits of natural products derived from plants and other natural resources. As a result, the cosmetic industry is now paying more attention to natural products. The present review focus on the possible applications of natural products from various biological sources in skin care cosmetics, including topical care products, fragrances, moisturizers, UV protective, and anti-wrinkle products. In addition, the mechanisms of targets for evaluation of active ingredients in cosmetics and the possible benefits of these bioactive compounds in rejuvenation and health, and their potential role in cosmetics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Kai Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Health, Shenzhen Moore Vaporization Health & Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Liatsopoulou A, Varvaresou A, Mellou F, Protopapa E. Iontophoresis in dermal delivery: A review of applications in dermato-cosmetic and aesthetic sciences. Int J Cosmet Sci 2022; 45:117-132. [PMID: 36326063 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Iontophoresis is defined as the use of electric current to drive molecules across cell membranes through an electrolyte solution. In therapeutic context, it is used to facilitate the administration of bioactive substances, either systemically or locally. The technique presents various advantages and that is why it has been successfully used by a plethora of medical sciences. The constantly developing field of dermato-cosmetic science has also taken advantage of the possibilities offered by iontophoresis, aiming to enhance the delivery of the applied active ingredients and, thus, induce the desired cosmetic effects. METHODS The available literature was examined for evidence-based reports of safe and successful iontophoresis of pharmaceutical and cosmetic substances, in order to explore different iontophoretic applications in the field of dermato-cosmetic and dermato-aesthetic sciences. CONCLUSION Iontophoresis can be safely and successfully used in the treatment of ageing, photoageing, hyperpigmentation, oxidative stress, hair loss, hair removal, acne, acne sequelae and cellulite, providing many possibilities for enhanced treatment results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Liatsopoulou
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Cosmetic Science, Division of Aesthetics and Cosmetic Science, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasia Varvaresou
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Cosmetic Science, Division of Aesthetics and Cosmetic Science, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Fotini Mellou
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Cosmetic Science, Division of Aesthetics and Cosmetic Science, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Protopapa
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Cosmetic Science, Division of Aesthetics and Cosmetic Science, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
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Wang J, Li M, Duan L, Lin Y, Cui X, Yang Y, Wang C. Deep Eutectic Systems as Novel Vehicles for Assisting Drug Transdermal Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14. [PMID: 36365084 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, deep eutectic systems (DES) emerged as novel vehicles for facilitating the transdermal delivery of various drugs, including polysaccharides, proteins, insulin, vaccine, nanoparticles, and herb extracts. The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive review of the application of DES to transdermal drug delivery, based on previous work and the reported references. Following a brief overview, the roles of DES in TDDS, the modes of action, as well as the structure-activity relationship of DES are discussed. Particularly, the skin permeation of active macromolecules and rigid nanoparticles, which are the defining characteristics of DES, are extensively discussed. The objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current investigation and development of DES-based transdermal delivery systems, as well as a framework for the construction of novel DES-TDDS in the future.
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16
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Yang W, Yue H, Lu G, Wang W, Deng Y, Ma G, Wei W. Advances in Delivering Oxidative Modulators for Disease Therapy. Research (Wash D C) 2022. [DOI: 10.34133/2022/9897464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation modulators regarding antioxidants and reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducers have been used for the treatment of many diseases. However, a systematic review that refers to delivery system for divergent modulation of oxidative level within the biomedical scope is lacking. To provide a comprehensive summarization and analysis, we review pilot designs for delivering the oxidative modulators and the main applications for inflammatory treatment and tumor therapy. On the one hand, the antioxidants based delivery system can be employed to downregulate ROS levels at inflammatory sites to treat inflammatory diseases (e.g., skin repair, bone-related diseases, organ dysfunction, and neurodegenerative diseases). On the other hand, the ROS inducers based delivery system can be employed to upregulate ROS levels at the tumor site to kill tumor cells (e.g., disrupt the endogenous oxidative balance and induce lethal levels of ROS). Besides the current designs of delivery systems for oxidative modulators and the main application cases, prospects for future research are also provided to identify intelligent strategies and inspire new concepts for delivering oxidative modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guihong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Abualhasan M, Jaradat N, Maslamani R, Nofal D, Omar L. Synthesis of enhanced lipid solubility of indomethacin derivatives for topical formulations. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2022-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Indomethacin is a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with serious side effects such as depression, hallucination, and gastrointestinal irritation. This study aims to enhance indomethacin lipid solubility of indomethacin derivative to use it for the topical formulation since topical formulation may lower the unwanted side effects. The lipid solubility was achieved by adding various alkyl groups (methyl, ethyl, propyl, and isopropyl) to the drug via an ester linkage. The measured log p of these compounds was higher compared to the underivatized indomethacin. Furthermore, an ointment of each ester was formulated and was tested on mice skin using Franz diffusion. The best absorption was observed for methyl indomethacin with threefold increase in permeability compared to indomethacin. This study approves using derivatized indomethacin as a topical formulation with improved efficacy compared to the present gel formulation in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad Abualhasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University , Nablus , 12345 , Palestine
| | - Nidal Jaradat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University , Nablus , 12345 , Palestine
| | - Raghad Maslamani
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University , Nablus , 12345 , Palestine
| | - Dana Nofal
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University , Nablus , 12345 , Palestine
| | - Linda Omar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University , Nablus , 12345 , Palestine
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18
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Zhang L, Dong Z, Liu W, Wu X, He H, Lu Y, Wu W, Qi J. Novel Pharmaceutical Strategies for Enhancing Skin Penetration of Biomacromolecules. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:877. [PMID: 35890174 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin delivery of biomacromolecules holds great advantages in the systemic and local treatment of multiple diseases. However, the densely packed stratum corneum and the tight junctions between keratinocytes stand as formidable skin barriers against the penetration of most drug molecules. The large molecular weight, high hydrophilicity, and lability nature of biomacromolecules pose further challenges to their skin penetration. Recently, novel penetration enhancers, nano vesicles, and microneedles have emerged as efficient strategies to deliver biomacromolecules deep into the skin to exert their therapeutic action. This paper reviews the potential application and mechanisms of novel skin delivery strategies with emphasis on the pharmaceutical formulations.
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19
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Transdermal delivery is very important in pharmaceutics. However, the barrier function of the stratum corneum hinders drugs absorption. How to improve transdermal delivery efficiency is a hot topic. The key advantages of physical technologies are their wide application for the delivery of previously nonappropriate transdermal drugs, such as proteins, peptides, and hydrophilic drugs. Based on the improved permeation of drugs delivered via multiple physical techniques, many more diseases may be treated, and transdermal vaccinations become possible. However, their wider application depends on the related convenient and portable devices. Combined products comprising medicine and devices represent future commercial directions of artificial intelligence and 3D printing. METHODS A comprehensive search about transdermal delivery assisted by physical techniques has been carried out on Web of Science, EMBASE database, PubMed, Wanfang Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Cochrane Library. The search identified and retrieved the study describing multiple physical technologies to promote transdermal penetration. RESULTS Physical technologies, including microneedles, lasers, iontophoresis, sonophoresis, electroporation, magnetophoresis, and microwaves, are summarized and compared. The characteristics, mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of physical techniques are clarified. The individual or combined applicable examples of physical techniques to improve transdermal delivery are summarized. CONCLUSION This review will provide more useful guidance for efficient transdermal delivery. More therapeutic agents by transdermal routes become possible with the assistance of various physical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Du
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meiyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu Wang
- School of Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Bonian Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shan Ma
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Shan Ma, PhD, Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China (e-mail: )
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20
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Jafari A, Daneshamouz S, Ghasemiyeh P, Mohammadi-Samani S. Ethosomes as dermal/transdermal drug delivery systems: applications, preparation and characterization. J Liposome Res 2022; 33:34-52. [PMID: 35695714 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2022.2085742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDSs) have gained substantial attention during the last decade. TDDS are versatile delivery systems in which active components are delivered to skin for local effects or systemic delivery of active pharmaceutical through the skin. Overcoming stratum corneum is the most challenging step of delivering drugs through the skin. Lipid-based vesicular delivery systems due to the capability of the delivery of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs are becoming more popular during the recent years. Ethosomes are innovative, biocompatible, biodegradable and non-toxic form of lipid-based vesicles that efficiently enable to entrap drugs of various physicochemical properties. These are other forms of liposome which contain high amounts of ethanol in their structure that enabling ethosomes to efficiently penetrate through deeper layers of skin. Ethosomes have various compositions based on their type but are mainly composed of phospholipids, ethanol, water and the active components. Ethosomes are easily manufactured and they are superior compared to liposomes in terms of different aspects due to the presence of ethanol. The purpose of this review is to thoroughly focus on various aspects of ethosomes, including mechanism of penetration, advantages and disadvantages, characterisation and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atoosa Jafari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeid Daneshamouz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parisa Ghasemiyeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soliman Mohammadi-Samani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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21
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Souza de Araujo GR, Mendonça da Cruz Macieira G, Xavier de Oliveira D, Santos Matos S, Nery Dos Santos Q, Otubo L, Antunes de Souza Araújo A, Cavalcante Duarte M, Moreira Lira AA, de Souza Nunes R, Vitorino Sarmento VH. Microemulsions formed by PPG-5-CETETH-20 at low concentrations for transdermal delivery of nifedipine: Structural and in vitro study. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 214:112474. [PMID: 35338963 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nifedipine is a potent anti-hypertensive, which is poorly orally bioavailable on account of first-pass metabolism, short half-life, and low water solubility. This study aimed to develop a microemulsified system with low surfactant concentration and to evaluate the influence of microemulsion (ME) phase behavior on skin permeation of nifedipine, as drug model. Thereafter, MEs were obtained using PPG-5-CETETH-20, oleic acid, and phosphate buffer at pH 5.0. The selected MEs were isotropic, with droplet diameters less than 10 nm, polydispersity index < 0.25, and pH between 5.0 and 5.2. MEs presented low viscosity and Newtonian behavior. SAXS results confirmed bicontinuous and oil-in-water (o/w) MEs formation. The presence of the drug promoted only very slight modifications in the ME structure. The MEs presented ability to deliver nifedipine via the transdermal route when in comparison with the control. Nevertheless, the skin permeated and retained amounts from the o/w and bicontinuous formulations did not differ significantly. The ATR-FTIR demonstrated that both formulations promoted fluidization and disorganization of lipids and increased the drug diffusion and partition coefficients in the skin. In conclusion, PPG-5-CETETH-20 MEs obtained proved to be effective skin permeation enhancers, acting by rising the coefficients of partition and diffusion of the nifedipine in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Givalda Mendonça da Cruz Macieira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Vereador Olimpio Grande, Sítio Porto, Itabaiana, s/n 49506-036 SE, Brazil
| | - Dayane Xavier de Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Vereador Olimpio Grande, Sítio Porto, Itabaiana, s/n 49506-036 SE, Brazil
| | - Saulo Santos Matos
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, Jd. Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, s/n 49100-000 SE, Brazil
| | - Quesia Nery Dos Santos
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, Jd. Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, s/n 49100-000 SE, Brazil
| | - Larissa Otubo
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN, Cidade Universitária, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000 SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Antunes de Souza Araújo
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, Jd. Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, s/n 49100-000 SE, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Cavalcante Duarte
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, Jd. Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, s/n 49100-000 SE, Brazil
| | - Ana Amélia Moreira Lira
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, Jd. Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, s/n 49100-000 SE, Brazil
| | - Rogéria de Souza Nunes
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, Jd. Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, s/n 49100-000 SE, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Vitorino Sarmento
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Vereador Olimpio Grande, Sítio Porto, Itabaiana, s/n 49506-036 SE, Brazil.
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22
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Alkrad JA, Assaf SM, Hussein-Al-Ali SH, Alrousan R. Microemulsions as nanocarriers for oral and transdermal administration of enoxaparin. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Wang Y, Zeng L, Song W, Liu J. Influencing factors and drug application of iontophoresis in transdermal drug delivery: an overview of recent progress. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:15-26. [PMID: 33486687 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00898-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery is limited by the stratum corneum of skin, which blocks most molecules, and thus, only few molecules with specific physicochemical properties (molecular weight < 500 Da, adequate lipophilicity, and low melting point) are able to penetrate the skin. Recently, various technologies have been developed to overcome the strong barrier properties of stratum corneum. Iontophoresis technology, which uses a small current to improve drug permeation through skin, is one of the effective ways to circumvent the stratum corneum. This approach not only provides a more efficient, noninvasive, and patient-friendly method of drug delivery but also widens the scope of drugs for transdermal delivery. In this review, the mechanisms underlying iontophoresis and affecting factors are outlined. The focus will be on the latest advancements in iontophoretic transdermal drug delivery and application of iontophoresis with other enhancing technologies. The challenges of this technology for drug administration have also been highlighted, and some iontophoretic systems approved for clinical use are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Lijuan Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Wenting Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Manikkath J, Subramony JA. Toward closed-loop drug delivery: Integrating wearable technologies with transdermal drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:113997. [PMID: 34634396 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The recent advancement and prevalence of wearable technologies and their ability to make digital measurements of vital signs and wellness parameters have triggered a new paradigm in the management of diseases. Drug delivery as a function of stimuli or response from wearable, closed-loop systems can offer real-time on-demand or preprogrammed drug delivery capability and offer total management of disease states. Here we review the key opportunities in this space for development of closed-loop systems, given the advent of digital wearable technologies. Particular considerations and focus are given to closed-loop systems combined with transdermal drug delivery technologies.
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Ordiz I, Vega JA, Martín-Sanz R, García-Suárez O, Del Valle ME, Feito J. Transdermal Drug Delivery in the Pig Skin. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2016. [PMID: 34959299 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Transdermal delivery can be accomplished through various mechanisms including formulation optimization, epidermal stratum corneum barrier disruption, or directly by removing the stratum corneum layer. Microneedling, electroporation, a combination of both and also the intradermal injection known as mesotherapy have proved efficacy in epidermal-barrier disruption. Here we analyzed the effects of these methods of epidermal-barrier disruption in the structure of the skin and the absorption of four compounds with different characteristics and properties (ketoprofen, biotin, caffein, and procaine). Swine skin (Pietrain x Durox) was used as a human analogue, both having similar structure and pharmacological release. They were biopsied at different intervals, up to 2 weeks after application. High-pressure liquid chromatography and brightfield microscopy were performed, conducting a biometric analysis and measuring histological structure and vascular status. The performed experiments led to different results in the function of the studied molecules: ketoprofen and biotin had the best concentrations with intradermal injections, while delivery methods for obtaining procaine and caffein maximum concentrations changed on the basis of the lapsed time. The studied techniques did not produce significant histological alterations after their application, except for an observed increase in Langerhans cells and melanocytes after applying electroporation, and an epidermal thinning after using microneedles, with variable results regarding dermal thickness. Although all the studied barrier disruptors can accomplish transdermal delivery, the best disruptor is dependent on the particular molecule.
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Despotopoulou D, Lagopati N, Pispas S, Gazouli M, Demetzos C, Pippa N. The technology of transdermal delivery nanosystems: from design and development to preclinical studies. Int J Pharm 2021; 611:121290. [PMID: 34788674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal administration has gained much attention due to the remarkable advantages such as patient compliance, drug escape from first-pass elimination, favorable pharmacokinetic profile and prolonged release properties. However, the major limitation of these systems is the limited skin penetration of the stratum corneum, the skin's most important barrier, which protects the body from the insertion of substances from the environment. Transdermal drug delivery systems are aiming to the disruption of the stratum corneum in order for the active pharmaceutical ingredients to enter successfully the circulation. Therefore, nanoparticles are holding a great promise because they can act as effective penetration enhancers due to their small size and other physicochemical properties that will be analyzed thoroughly in this report. Apart from the investigation of the physicochemical parameters, a comparison between the different types of nanoparticles will be performed. The complexity of skin anatomy and the unclear mechanisms of penetration should be taken into consideration to reach some realistic conclusions regarding the way that the described parameters affect the skin permeability. To the best of the authors knowledge, this is among the few reports on the literature describing the technology of transdermal delivery systems and how this technology affects the biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Despotopoulou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Panepistimioupolis Zografou 15771, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Costas Demetzos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Panepistimioupolis Zografou 15771, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Natassa Pippa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Panepistimioupolis Zografou 15771, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece.
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Gaynanova G, Vasileva L, Kashapov R, Kuznetsova D, Kushnazarova R, Tyryshkina A, Vasilieva E, Petrov K, Zakharova L, Sinyashin O. Self-Assembling Drug Formulations with Tunable Permeability and Biodegradability. Molecules 2021; 26:6786. [PMID: 34833877 PMCID: PMC8624506 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on key topics in the field of drug delivery related to the design of nanocarriers answering the biomedicine criteria, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, and the ability to overcome biological barriers. For these reasons, much attention is paid to the amphiphile-based carriers composed of natural building blocks, lipids, and their structural analogues and synthetic surfactants that are capable of self-assembly with the formation of a variety of supramolecular aggregates. The latter are dynamic structures that can be used as nanocontainers for hydrophobic drugs to increase their solubility and bioavailability. In this section, biodegradable cationic surfactants bearing cleavable fragments are discussed, with ester- and carbamate-containing analogs, as well as amino acid derivatives received special attention. Drug delivery through the biological barriers is a challenging task, which is highlighted by the example of transdermal method of drug administration. In this paper, nonionic surfactants are primarily discussed, including their application for the fabrication of nanocarriers, their surfactant-skin interactions, the mechanisms of modulating their permeability, and the factors controlling drug encapsulation, release, and targeted delivery. Different types of nanocarriers are covered, including niosomes, transfersomes, invasomes and chitosomes, with their morphological specificity, beneficial characteristics and limitations discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnara Gaynanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (L.V.); (R.K.); (D.K.); (R.K.); (A.T.); (E.V.); (K.P.); (L.Z.); (O.S.)
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Gomes A, Aguiar L, Ferraz R, Teixeira C, Gomes P. The Emerging Role of Ionic Liquid-Based Approaches for Enhanced Skin Permeation of Bioactive Molecules: A Snapshot of the Past Couple of Years. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11991. [PMID: 34769430 PMCID: PMC8584570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Topical and transdermal delivery systems are of undeniable significance and ubiquity in healthcare, to facilitate the delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients, respectively, onto or across the skin to enter systemic circulation. From ancient ointments and potions to modern micro/nanotechnological devices, a variety of approaches has been explored over the ages to improve the skin permeation of diverse medicines and cosmetics. Amongst the latest investigational dermal permeation enhancers, ionic liquids have been gaining momentum, and recent years have been prolific in this regard. As such, this review offers an outline of current methods for enhancing percutaneous permeation, highlighting selected reports where ionic liquid-based approaches have been investigated for this purpose. Future perspectives on use of ionic liquids for topical delivery of bioactive peptides are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (L.A.); (R.F.); (C.T.)
| | - Luísa Aguiar
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (L.A.); (R.F.); (C.T.)
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (L.A.); (R.F.); (C.T.)
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, CISA, Escola Superior de Saúde, Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, P-4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cátia Teixeira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (L.A.); (R.F.); (C.T.)
| | - Paula Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (L.A.); (R.F.); (C.T.)
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30
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Stefanov SR, Andonova VY. Lipid Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery Systems: Recent Advances in the Treatment of Skin Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1083. [PMID: 34832865 PMCID: PMC8619682 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional role of the human skin is well known. It acts as a sensory and immune organ that protects the human body from harmful environmental impacts such as chemical, mechanical, and physical threats, reduces UV radiation effects, prevents moisture loss, and helps thermoregulation. In this regard, skin disorders related to skin integrity require adequate treatment. Lipid nanoparticles (LN) are recognized as promising drug delivery systems (DDS) in treating skin disorders. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) together with nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) exhibit excellent tolerability as these are produced from physiological and biodegradable lipids. Moreover, LN applied to the skin can improve stability, drug targeting, occlusion, penetration enhancement, and increased skin hydration compared with other drug nanocarriers. Furthermore, the features of LN can be enhanced by inclusion in suitable bases such as creams, ointments, gels (i.e., hydrogel, emulgel, bigel), lotions, etc. This review focuses on recent developments in lipid nanoparticle systems and their application to treating skin diseases. We point out and consider the reasons for their creation, pay attention to their advantages and disadvantages, list the main production techniques for obtaining them, and examine the place assigned to them in solving the problems caused by skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan R. Stefanov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria;
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31
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Shams L, Khodabandeh Shahraky M, Mirtaleb MS. Transdermal Co-Delivery of Urea and Recombinant Human Growth Hormone. Iran J Biotechnol 2021; 19:e2891. [PMID: 35350646 PMCID: PMC8926320 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2021.252676.2891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urea with super-hydrating and moisturizing properties is mainly used as an adjunctive treatment of diseases associated with dry skin. In this regard, the recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) with rejuvenating properties is used as a base material in beauty creams. Although urea easily passes through the skin, the epidermal skin barrier restricts the passage of hGH due to its size. OBJECTIVE in this research, in order to solve this problem, hydroxy propyl-beta cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) is used as a soluble chemical enhancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS UV and circular dichroism spectroscopy were used for the investigation of structural modification. The permeation process was studied in vitro on rat skin using vertical Franz diffusion cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used for rhGH activity assessment and evaluation of transdermal delivery. RESULTS First, due to the denaturing effects of urea on proteins its concentration was optimized to maintain biological structure and protein activity. UV spectroscopy and CD data proved that the secondary structure of rhGH is preserved in the presence of urea (0.5-2 M) and HP-β-CD, which elevates urea and rhGH permeation. Maximum permeability was observed at 120 min after sampling (1424.35 ng.ml.cm-2), which was much higher than the control. Using a higher concentration of urea in the formulation will significantly decrease the level of rhGH delivery. CONCLUSION According to results, this strategy can be considered as a successful method for enhanced Co-delivery of rhGH and urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Shams
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran,
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mona Sadat Mirtaleb
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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32
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Kalave S, Chatterjee B, Shah P, Misra A. Transdermal Delivery of Macromolecules Using Nano Lipid Carriers. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:4330-4340. [PMID: 34414868 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210820095330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Skin being the largest external organ, offers an appealing procedure for transdermal drug delivery, so the drug needs to reach above the outermost layer of the skin, i.e., stratum corneum. Small molecular drug entities obeying the Lipinski rule, i.e., drugs having a molecular weight less than 500 Da, high lipophilicity, and optimum polarity, are favored enough to be used on the skin as therapeutics. Skin's barrier properties prevent the transport of macromolecules at pre-determined therapeutic rates. Notable advancements in macromolecules' transdermal delivery have occurred in recent years. Scientists have opted for liposomes, the use of electroporation, low-frequency ultrasound techniques, etc. Some of these have shown better delivery of macromolecules at clinically beneficial rates. These physical technologies involve complex mechanisms, which may irreversibly incur skin damage. Majorly, two types of lipid-based formulations, including Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs), are widely investigated as transdermal delivery systems. In this review, the concepts, mechanisms, and applications of nanostructured lipid carriers used to transport macromolecules via transdermal routes are thoroughly reviewed and presented along with their clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Kalave
- SVKM's NMIMS, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Mumbai, India
| | - Bappaditya Chatterjee
- SVKM's NMIMS, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Mumbai, India
| | - Parth Shah
- SVKM's NMIMS, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Mumbai, India
| | - Ambikanandan Misra
- SVKM's NMIMS, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Mumbai, India
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Cortez‐Jugo C, Czuba‐Wojnilowicz E, Tan A, Caruso F. A Focus on "Bio" in Bio-Nanoscience: The Impact of Biological Factors on Nanomaterial Interactions. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100574. [PMID: 34170631 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bio-nanoscience research encompasses studies on the interactions of nanomaterials with biological structures or what is commonly referred to as the biointerface. Fundamental studies on the influence of nanomaterial properties, including size, shape, composition, and charge, on the interaction with the biointerface have been central in bio-nanoscience to assess nanomaterial efficacy and safety for a range of biomedical applications. However, the state of the cells, tissues, or biological models can also influence the behavior of nanomaterials at the biointerface and their intracellular processing. Focusing on the "bio" in bio-nano, this review discusses the impact of biological properties at the cellular, tissue, and whole organism level that influences nanomaterial behavior, including cell type, cell cycle, tumor physiology, and disease states. Understanding how the biological factors can be addressed or exploited to enhance nanomaterial accumulation and uptake can guide the design of better and suitable models to improve the outcomes of materials in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Cortez‐Jugo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Ewa Czuba‐Wojnilowicz
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Abigail Tan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
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Liu T, Chen M, Fu J, Sun Y, Lu C, Quan G, Pan X, Wu C. Recent advances in microneedles-mediated transdermal delivery of protein and peptide drugs. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2326-2343. [PMID: 34522590 PMCID: PMC8424228 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins and peptides have become a significant therapeutic modality for various diseases because of their high potency and specificity. However, the inherent properties of these drugs, such as large molecular weight, poor stability, and conformational flexibility, make them difficult to be formulated and delivered. Injection is the primary route for clinical administration of protein and peptide drugs, which usually leads to poor patient's compliance. As a portable, minimally invasive device, microneedles (MNs) can overcome the skin barrier and generate reversible microchannels for effective macromolecule permeation. In this review, we highlighted the recent advances in MNs-mediated transdermal delivery of protein and peptide drugs. Emphasis was given to the latest development in representative MNs design and fabrication. We also summarize the current application status of MNs-mediated transdermal protein and peptide delivery, especially in the field of infectious disease, diabetes, cancer, and other disease therapy. Finally, the current status of clinical translation and a perspective on future development are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Minglong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jintao Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chao Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guilan Quan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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35
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Araújo CDCB, Simon A, Honório TDS, da Silva SVC, Valle IMM, da Silva LCRP, Rodrigues CR, de Sousa VP, Cabral LM, Sathler PC, do Carmo FA. Development of rivaroxaban microemulsion-based hydrogel for transdermal treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 206:111978. [PMID: 34293580 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a microemulsion (ME)-based hydrogel, containing propylene glycol, Azone®, Labrasol®, isobutanol and water (20:3:18:3:56), for the transdermal delivery of rivaroxaban (RVX). Formulation ME-1:RVX, which was loaded with 0.3 mg/g of RVX, presented as a clear, homogenous fluid with a droplet size of 82.01 ± 6.32 nm and a PdI of 0.207 ± 0.01. To provide gelation properties, 20 % (w/w) of Pluronic® F-127 was added to ME-1:RVX to generate formulation PME-1a. An added benefit was an increased capacity for RVX to 0.4 mg/g (formulation PME-1b). PME-1b displayed spherical droplets with a nanoscale diameter as observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy. The release of RVX from PME-1b was 20.71 ± 0.76 μg/cm2 with a permeation through pig epidermis of 18.32 ± 8.87 μg/cm2 as measured in a Franz Cell for 24 h. PME-1b presented a pseudoplastic behavior, pH value compatible with the skin and good stability over 60 days at room and elevated temperatures. The prothrombin time was assessed for each concentration of RVX obtained in the permeation assay and each demonstrated a relevant anticoagulant activity. PME-1b also presented no cytotoxicity against HaCaT cells. Utilizing GastroPlus® software, an in silico analysis was performed to simulate the delivery of PME-1b through a transdermal system that suggested a minimum dose of RVX for the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism could be achieved with an 8 h administration regimen. These results suggest that PME-1b is a promising transdermal formulation for the effective delivery of RVX that could be a viable alternative for the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina da Costa Bernardes Araújo
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21.941-902, Brazil
| | - Alice Simon
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21.941-902, Brazil
| | - Thiago da Silva Honório
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21.941-902, Brazil
| | - Silvia Valéria Cruz da Silva
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21.941-902, Brazil
| | - Isabella Mourão Machado Valle
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21.941-902, Brazil
| | - Luiz Cláudio Rodrigues Pereira da Silva
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21.941-902, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rangel Rodrigues
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21.941-902, Brazil
| | - Valeria Pereira de Sousa
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21.941-902, Brazil
| | - Lucio Mendes Cabral
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21.941-902, Brazil
| | - Plínio Cunha Sathler
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21.941-902, Brazil
| | - Flávia Almada do Carmo
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21.941-902, Brazil.
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Parmar PK, Wadhawan J, Bansal AK. Pharmaceutical nanocrystals: A promising approach for improved topical drug delivery. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2329-2349. [PMID: 34265460 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The barrier function of skin and non-optimal physicochemical properties of drug present a challenge to skin penetration of many drugs, thus motivating the development of novel drug delivery systems. Recently, nanocrystal-based formulations have been investigated for topical drug delivery and demonstrated improved skin penetration. This review highlights barriers in skin penetration, current techniques to improve topical delivery and application of nanocrystals in conquering obstacles for topical delivery. Nanocrystals can improve delivery through the skin by mechanisms like higher concentration gradient across skin resulting in increased passive diffusion, hair follicle targeting, diffusional corona and adhesion to skin. This would be of interest for formulation scientists for product development of molecules that are 'difficult-to-deliver' topically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashantkumar K Parmar
- Solid State Pharmaceutics Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160 062, India.
| | - Jhanvi Wadhawan
- Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Limited, IPDO, Survey No. 54, Bachupally (V), Bachupally (M), Medchal- Malkajgiri, Telangana 500 090, India.
| | - Arvind K Bansal
- Solid State Pharmaceutics Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160 062, India.
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Cun D, Zhang C, Bera H, Yang M. Particle engineering principles and technologies for pharmaceutical biologics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:140-167. [PMID: 33845039 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The global market of pharmaceutical biologics has expanded significantly during the last few decades. Currently, pharmaceutical biologic products constitute an indispensable part of the modern medicines. Most pharmaceutical biologic products are injections either in the forms of solutions or lyophilized powders because of their low oral bioavailability. There are certain pharmaceutical biologic entities formulated into particulate delivery systems for the administration via non-invasive routes or to achieve prolonged pharmaceutical actions to reduce the frequency of injections. It has been well documented that the design of nano- and microparticles via various particle engineering technologies could render pharmaceutical biologics with certain benefits including improved stability, enhanced intracellular uptake, prolonged pharmacological effect, enhanced bioavailability, reduced side effects, and improved patient compliance. Herein, we review the principles of the particle engineering technologies based on bottom-up approach and present the important formulation and process parameters that influence the critical quality attributes with some mathematical models. Subsequently, various nano- and microparticle engineering technologies used to formulate or process pharmaceutical biologic entities are reviewed. Lastly, an array of commercialized products of pharmaceutical biologics accomplished based on various particle engineering technologies are presented and the challenges in the development of particulate delivery systems for pharmaceutical biologics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Cun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Chengqian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hriday Bera
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Friedman N, Dagan A, Elia J, Merims S, Benny O. Physical properties of gold nanoparticles affect skin penetration via hair follicles. Nanomedicine 2021; 36:102414. [PMID: 34171468 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Drug penetration through the skin is significant for both transdermal and dermal delivery. One mechanism that has attracted attention over the last two decades is the transport pathway of nanoparticles via hair follicle, through the epidermis, directly to the pilosebaceous unit and blood vessels. Studies demonstrate that particle size is an important factor for drug penetration. However, in order to gain more information for the purpose of improving this mode of drug delivery, a thorough understanding of the optimal physical particle properties is needed. In this study, we fabricated fluorescently labeled gold nanoparticles (GNP) with a tight control over the size and shape. The effect of the particles' physical parameters on follicular penetration was evaluated histologically. We used horizontal human skin sections and found that the optimal size for polymeric particles is 0.25 μm. In addition, shape penetration experiments revealed gold nanostars' superiority over spherical particles. Our findings suggest the importance of the particles' physical properties in the design of nanocarriers delivered to the pilosebaceous unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nethanel Friedman
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Arie Dagan
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jhonathan Elia
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Hadassah Ein-Karem hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sharon Merims
- Sharet Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Ein-Karem hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofra Benny
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Basinska T, Gadzinowski M, Mickiewicz D, Slomkowski S. Functionalized Particles Designed for Targeted Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2022. [PMID: 34205672 PMCID: PMC8234925 DOI: 10.3390/polym13122022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pure bioactive compounds alone can only be exceptionally administered in medical treatment. Usually, drugs are produced as various forms of active compounds and auxiliary substances, combinations assuring the desired healing functions. One of the important drug forms is represented by a combination of active substances and particle-shaped polymer in the nano- or micrometer size range. The review describes recent progress in this field balanced with basic information. After a brief introduction, the paper presents a concise overview of polymers used as components of nano- and microparticle drug carriers. Thereafter, progress in direct synthesis of polymer particles with functional groups is discussed. A section is devoted to formation of particles by self-assembly of homo- and copolymer-bearing functional groups. Special attention is focused on modification of the primary functional groups introduced during particle preparation, including introduction of ligands promoting anchorage of particles onto the chosen living cell types by interactions with specific receptors present in cell membranes. Particular attention is focused on progress in methods suitable for preparation of particles loaded with bioactive substances. The review ends with a brief discussion of the still not answered questions and unsolved problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Basinska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland; (M.G.); (D.M.)
| | | | | | - Stanislaw Slomkowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland; (M.G.); (D.M.)
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Abstract
Localized and non-invasive delivery of therapeutics across barriers in the body is challenging. Examples include the flux of drugs across the tympanic membrane (TM) for the treatment of middle ear infections, and across the round window to treat inner ear disease. With the emergence of macromolecular therapies, the question arises as to whether such delivery can be achieved with macromolecules. Here, we have used polyethylene glycols (PEGs) in solutions to investigate macromolecular permeation across the TM in the chinchilla ex vivo. As the molecular weight of PEG increased, flux across the TM decreased, with an exponential relationship between the apparent diffusion coefficient and the molecular weight of the polymers. PEG flux was further decreased if it was released from a poloxamer 407 hydrogel, and lessened with increasing hydrogel concentration. Our results provide a framework for understanding the permeation of macromolecules noninvasively across barriers.
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Machado BHB, Frame J, Zhang J, Najlah M. Comparative Study on the Outcome of Periorbital Wrinkles Treated with Laser-Assisted Delivery of Vitamin C or Vitamin C Plus Growth Factors: A Randomized, Double-blind, Clinical Trial. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2021; 45:1020-1032. [PMID: 33326047 PMCID: PMC8144134 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-020-02035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite promising results, laser-assisted drug delivery (LADD) is not yet considered as standard therapies and published data rely mainly on laboratory tests, animal experiments or cadaver skin. Objectives This double-blind, prospective, randomized clinical trial investigates the impact in topical application of vitamin C and a cosmeceutical containing growth factors (GFs) on periorbital wrinkles primarily treated with laser skin resurfacing. Material and Methods In total, 149 female patients with periorbital wrinkles were consented and randomized into two study groups, R-C (receiving vitamin C only) and R-CGF (receiving vitamin C and a cosmeceutical containing growth factors). The statistical analysis evaluated the efficacy of each treatment regimen using software readouts provided by a three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry system prior to treatment and three months after the procedure. Results were compared to confirm if there was a significant change in the skin roughness and the average depth of the wrinkles between the two groups after treatment. Results There was a significant reduction in both skin roughness and average depth of the wrinkles in the group treated with vitamin C and growth factors (p <0.01) than those treated with LADD followed by topical application of vitamin C alone. There were no cutaneous reactions or adverse systemic reactions observed in this study related to LADD with vitamin C and GFs. Conclusion Controlled laser application might have a great potential to facilitate the absorption of exogenous macromolecules by the skin. Periorbital wrinkles were reduced in both groups, but LADD using vitamin C and GFs provided significantly better results. Level of Evidence II This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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Wang R, Bian Q, Xu Y, Xu D, Gao J. Recent advances in mechanical force-assisted transdermal delivery of macromolecular drugs. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120598. [PMID: 33862129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The transdermal delivery of macromolecular drugs has become one of the focused topics in pharmaceutical research since it enables highly specific and effective delivery, while avoiding the pain and needle phobia associated with injection, or incidences like drug degradation and low bioavailability of oral administration. However, the passive absorption of macromolecular drugs via skin is highly restricted by the stratum corneum owing to high molecular weight. Therefore, various strategies have been extensively developed and conducted to facilitate the transdermal delivery of macromolecular drugs, among which, mechanical force-assisted techniques occupy dominant positions. Such techniques include ultrasound, needle-free jet injection, temporary pressure and microneedles. In this review, we focus on recent transdermal enhancing strategies utilizing mechanical force, and summarize their mechanisms, advantages, limitations and clinical applications respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxuan Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiong Bian
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yihua Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Donghang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for New-type External and Transdermal Preparations, Changzhou 213149, China.
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Zhu S, Zhang B, Wang Y, He Y, Qian G, Deng L, Zhang Z. A bilayer microneedle for therapeutic peptide delivery towards the treatment of diabetes in db/db mice. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021; 62:102336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Jiang T, Ma S, Shen Y, Li Y, Pan R, Xing H. Topical anesthetic and pain relief using penetration enhancer and transcriptional transactivator peptide multi-decorated nanostructured lipid carriers. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:478-486. [PMID: 33641554 PMCID: PMC7952054 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1889717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Many strategies have been developed to overcome the stratum corneum (SC) barrier, including functionalized nanostructures. Chemical penetration enhancers (CPEs) and cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) were applied to decorate nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for topical anesthetic and pain relief. A novel pyrenebutyrate (PB-PEG-DSPE) compound was synthesized by the amide action of the carboxylic acid group of PB with the amido groups of DSPE-PEG. PB-PEG-DSPE has a hydrophobic group, hydrophilic group, and lipid group. The lipid group can be inserted into NLC to form PB functional NLC. In order to improve the penetrability, TAT and PB multi-decorated NLC were designed for the delivery of lidocaine hydrochloride (LID) (TAT/PB LID NLC). The therapeutic effects of NLC in terms of in vitro skin penetration and in vivo in animal models were further studied. The size of TAT/PB LID NLC tested by DLS was 153.6 ± 4.3 nm. However, the size of undecorated LID NLC was 115.3 ± 3.6 nm. The PDI values of NLC vary from 0.13 ± 0.01 to 0.16 ± 0.03. Zeta potentials of NLC were negative, between -20.7 and -29.3 mV. TAT/PB LID NLC (851.2 ± 25.3 µg/cm2) showed remarkably better percutaneous penetration ability than PB LID NLC (610.7 ± 22.1 µg/cm2), TAT LID NLC (551.9 ± 21.8 µg/cm2) (p < .05) and non-modified LID NLC (428.2 ± 21.4 µg/cm2). TAT/PB LID NLC exhibited the most prominent anesthetic effect than single ligand decorated or undecorated LID NLC in vivo. The resulting TAT/PB LID NLC exhibited good skin penetration and anesthetic efficiency, which could be applied as a promising anesthesia system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yangyang Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ruirui Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Huaixin Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Kanaan AF, Piedade AP, de Sousa HC, Dias AMA. Semi-interpenetrating chitosan/ionic liquid polymer networks as electro-responsive biomaterials for potential wound dressings and iontophoretic applications. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2021; 121:111798. [PMID: 33579445 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, electro-responsive chitosan/ionic liquid-based hydrogels were synthetized for the first time, envisaging the development of iontophoretic biomaterials for the controlled release/permeation of charged biomolecules. The main goal was to enhance and tune the physicochemical, mechanical, electro-responsive, and haemostatic properties of chitosan-based biomaterials to obtain multi-stimuli responsive (responsive to electrical current, ionic strength, and pH) and mechanically stable hydrogels. To accomplish this objective, polycationic semi-interpenetrating copolymer networks (semi-IPN) were prepared by combining chitosan (CS) and ionic liquid-based polymers and copolymers, namely poly(1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium chloride) (poly(BVImCl)) and poly(2-hydroxymethyl methacrylate-co-1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium chloride) (poly(HEMA-co-BVImCl)). Results show that prepared semi-IPNs presented high mechanical stability and were positively charged over a broad pH range, including basic pH. Semi-IPNs also presented faster permeation and release rates of lidocaine hydrochloride (LH), under external electrical stimulus (0.56 mA/cm2) in aqueous media at 32 °C. The kinetic release constants and the LH diffusion coefficients measured under electrical stimulus were ~1.5 and > 2.7 times higher for those measured for passive release. Finally, both semi-IPNs were non-haemolytic (haemolytic index ≤0.2%) and showed strong haemostatic activity (blood clotting index of ~12 ± 1%). Altogether, these results show that the prepared polycationic semi-IPN hydrogels presented advantageous mechanical, responsive and biological properties that enable them to be potentially employed for the design of new, safer, and advanced stimuli-responsive biomaterials for several biomedical applications such as haemostatic and wound healing dressings and iontophoretic patches.
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Helmy AM. Overview of recent advancements in the iontophoretic drug delivery to various tissues and organs. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Aim: Our study investigated the feasibility of transdermal delivery of heparin, an anticoagulant used against venous thromboembolism, as an alternative to intravenous administration. Materials & methods: Skin was pretreated using ablative laser (Precise Laser Epidermal System [P.L.E.A.S.E.®] technology) for enhanced delivery of heparin. In vitro permeation studies using static Franz diffusion cells provided a comparison between delivery from 0.3% w/v heparin-loaded poloxamer gel and solution across untreated and laser-treated dermatomed porcine ear skin. Results: No passive delivery of heparin was observed. Laser-assisted delivery from solution (26.07 ± 1.82 μg/cm2) was higher (p < 0.05) than delivery from heparin gel (11.28 ± 5.32 μg/cm2). However, gel is likely to sustain the delivery over prolonged periods like a maintenance dose via continuous intravenous infusion. Conclusion: Thus, ablative laser pretreatment successfully delivered heparin, establishing the feasibility of delivering hydrophilic macromolecules using the transdermal route.
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Mercuri M, Fernandez Rivas D. Challenges and opportunities for small volumes delivery into the skin. Biomicrofluidics 2021; 15:011301. [PMID: 33532017 PMCID: PMC7826167 DOI: 10.1063/5.0030163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Each individual's skin has its own features, such as strength, elasticity, or permeability to drugs, which limits the effectiveness of one-size-fits-all approaches typically found in medical treatments. Therefore, understanding the transport mechanisms of substances across the skin is instrumental for the development of novel minimal invasive transdermal therapies. However, the large difference between transport timescales and length scales of disparate molecules needed for medical therapies makes it difficult to address fundamental questions. Thus, this lack of fundamental knowledge has limited the efficacy of bioengineering equipment and medical treatments. In this article, we provide an overview of the most important microfluidics-related transport phenomena through the skin and versatile tools to study them. Moreover, we provide a summary of challenges and opportunities faced by advanced transdermal delivery methods, such as needle-free jet injectors, microneedles, and tattooing, which could pave the way to the implementation of better therapies and new methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalí Mercuri
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (CNEA-CONICET), Av. Gral. Paz 1499, 1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - David Fernandez Rivas
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems Group, MESA+ Institute, TechMed Centre and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Ingrole RSJ, Azizoglu E, Dul M, Birchall JC, Gill HS, Prausnitz MR. Trends of microneedle technology in the scientific literature, patents, clinical trials and internet activity. Biomaterials 2020; 267:120491. [PMID: 33217629 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The powerful and intriguing idea that drives the emerging technology of microneedles-shrinking the standard needle to a micron scale-has fostered an entire field of microneedle study and subsequent exponential growth in research and product development. Originally enabled by microfabrication tools derived from the microelectronic industry, microneedles are now produced through a number of methods in a variety of forms including solid, coated, dissolvable, and hollow microneedles. They are used to deliver a broad spectrum of molecules, including small molecules, biomolecules, and vaccines, as well as various forms of energy into the skin, eye, and other tissues. Microneedles are also being exploited for use in diagnostics, as well as additional medical, cosmetic, and other applications. This review elucidates the relative roles of different aspects of microneedle technology development, as shown through scientific papers, patents, clinical studies, and internet/social media activity. Considering >1000 papers, 750 patents, and almost 80 clinical trials, we analyze different attributes of microneedles such as usage of microneedles, types of microneedles, testing environment, types of patent claims, and phases of clinical trials, as well as which institutions and people in academia and industry from different locations and in different journals are publishing, patenting, and otherwise studying the potential of microneedles. We conclude that there is robust and growing activity in the field of microneedles; the technology is rapidly developing and being used for novel applications to benefit human health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan S J Ingrole
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Erkan Azizoglu
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, 35100, Turkey
| | - Maria Dul
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - James C Birchall
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Harvinder S Gill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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50
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Gerloff D, Sunderkötter C, Wohlrab J. Importance of microRNAs in Skin Oncogenesis and Their Suitability as Agents and Targets for Topical Therapy. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 33:270-279. [PMID: 33080592 DOI: 10.1159/000509879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, with rapidly increasing incidence and consistent mortality. Skin cancer encompasses melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer, which in turn is mainly divided into cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. Small noncoding micro-RNAs (miRNAs) regulate protein expression after transcription and play a role in the development and progression of skin cancer. Deregulated expression of miRNAs in skin cancer is associated with cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, apoptosis, immune response, and drug resistance. Specific patterns of miRNAs in specific skin cancer types can be used as diagnostic markers. For therapeutic purposes, both miRNA and chemically modified variants thereof as well as miRNA antagonists (antagomiRs) or RNA inhibitors may be applied topically. Due to their specific physicochemical properties, physical or chemical diffusion promoters are used with varying degrees of success. There is no question by now that such preparations have a high potential for the treatment of epithelial skin tumors in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Gerloff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany,
| | - Cord Sunderkötter
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Johannes Wohlrab
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Institute of Applied Dermatopharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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