1
|
Zhao B, Zang Y, Gui L, Xiang Y, Zhang Z, Sun X, Fan J, Huang L. The effect of miR-223-3p on endothelial cells in coronary artery disease. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:151-160. [PMID: 38155264 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00842-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell damage and dysfunction are crucial factors in the development and early stages of coronary artery disease (CAD) and apoptosis plays a significant role in this process. In this study, We aimed to simulate the CAD vascular microenvironment by treating endothelial cells with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) to construct an endothelial cell apoptosis model. Our findings revealed that the TNF-α model resulted in increased micro-RNA 223-3p (miR-223-3p) mRNA and Bax protein expression, decreased kruppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) and Bcl-2 protein expression, and decreased cell viability. More importantly, in the TNF-α-induced endothelial cell apoptosis model, transfection with the miR-223-3p inhibitor reversed the effects of TNF-α on Bcl-2, Bax expression. We transfected miRNA-223-3p mimics or inhibitors into endothelial cells and assessed miR-223-3p levels using RT-PCR. Cell viability was detected using CCK8. Western blot technology was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and KLF15. In summary, this study demonstrates the role and possible mechanism of miR-223-3p in endothelial cells during CAD, suggesting that miR-223-3p may serve as a promising therapeutic target in CAD by regulating KLF15.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boxin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yunhui Zang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Lin Gui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yingyu Xiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Xueyuan Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Jingyao Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Lijuan Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gai C, Pomatto MAC, Deregibus MC, Dieci M, Piga A, Camussi G. Edible Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Oral mRNA Vaccine Delivery. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:200. [PMID: 38400183 PMCID: PMC10893065 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid delivery through extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a well-preserved evolutionary mechanism in all life kingdoms including eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and plants. EVs naturally allow horizontal transfer of native as well as exogenous functional mRNAs, which once incorporated in EVs are protected from enzymatic degradation. This observation has prompted researchers to investigate whether EVs from different sources, including plants, could be used for vaccine delivery. Several studies using human or bacterial EVs expressing mRNA or recombinant SARS-CoV-2 proteins showed induction of a humoral and cell mediated immune response. Moreover, EV-based vaccines presenting the natural configuration of viral antigens have demonstrated advantages in conferring long-lasting immunization and lower toxicity than synthetic nanoparticles. Edible plant-derived EVs were shown to be an alternative to human EVs for vaccine delivery, especially via oral administration. EVs obtained from orange juice (oEVs) loaded with SARS-CoV-2 mRNAs protected their cargo from enzymatic degradation, were stable at room temperature for one year, and were able to trigger a SARS-CoV-2 immune response in mice. Lyophilized oEVs containing the S1 mRNA administered to rats via gavage induced a specific humoral immune response with generation of blocking antibodies, including IgA and Th1 lymphocyte activation. In conclusion, mRNA-containing oEVs could be used for developing new oral vaccines due to optimal mucosal absorption, resistance to stress conditions, and ability to stimulate a humoral and cellular immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gai
- EvoBiotech s.r.l., 10148 Torino, Italy; (C.G.); (M.A.C.P.); (M.D.); (A.P.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Margherita Alba Carlotta Pomatto
- EvoBiotech s.r.l., 10148 Torino, Italy; (C.G.); (M.A.C.P.); (M.D.); (A.P.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | | | - Marco Dieci
- EvoBiotech s.r.l., 10148 Torino, Italy; (C.G.); (M.A.C.P.); (M.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessandro Piga
- EvoBiotech s.r.l., 10148 Torino, Italy; (C.G.); (M.A.C.P.); (M.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ahmad S, Zhang XL, Ahmad A. Epigenetic regulation of pulmonary inflammation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:346-354. [PMID: 37230854 PMCID: PMC10592630 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension are the leading cause of deaths. More importantly, lung diseases are on the rise and environmental factors induced epigenetic modifications are major players on this increased prevalence. It has been reported that dysregulation of genes involved in epigenetic regulation such as the histone deacetylase (HDACs) and histone acetyltransferase (HATs) play important role in lung health and pulmonary disease pathogenesis. Inflammation is an essential component of respiratory diseases. Injury and inflammation trigger release of extracellular vesicles that can act as epigenetic modifiers through transfer of epigenetic regulators such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), proteins and lipids, from one cell to another. The immune dysregulations caused by the cargo contents are important contributors of respiratory disease pathogenesis. N6 methylation of RNA is also emerging to be a critical mechanism of epigenetic alteration and upregulation of immune responses to environmental stressors. Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation are stable and often long term and cause onset of chronic lung conditions. These epigenetic pathways are also being utilized for therapeutic intervention in several lung conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shama Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Xiao Lu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Romero FJ, Diaz-Llopis M, Romero-Gomez MI, Miranda M, Romero-Wenz R, Sancho-Pelluz J, Romero B, Muriach M, Barcia JM. Small Extracellular Vesicles and Oxidative Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Retinal Degenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1618. [PMID: 38338894 PMCID: PMC10855665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the role of small extracellular vesicles in the pathophysiological mechanisms of retinal degenerative diseases. Many of these mechanisms are related to or modulated by the oxidative burden of retinal cells. It has been recently demonstrated that cellular communication in the retina involves extracellular vesicles and that their rate of release and cargo features might be affected by the cellular environment, and in some instances, they might also be mediated by autophagy. The fate of these vesicles is diverse: they could end up in circulation being used as markers, or target neighbor cells modulating gene and protein expression, or eventually, in angiogenesis. Neovascularization in the retina promotes vision loss in diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. The importance of micro RNAs, either as small extracellular vesicles' cargo or free circulating, in the regulation of retinal angiogenesis is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Romero
- Hospital General de Requena, Conselleria de Sanitat, Generalitat Valenciana, 46340 Requena, Spain;
| | - Manuel Diaz-Llopis
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | | | - Maria Miranda
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain;
| | - Rebeca Romero-Wenz
- Hospital General de Requena, Conselleria de Sanitat, Generalitat Valenciana, 46340 Requena, Spain;
| | - Javier Sancho-Pelluz
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (J.S.-P.); (B.R.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Belén Romero
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (J.S.-P.); (B.R.); (J.M.B.)
- Unidad de Cuidados intensivos, Hospital de Manises, 46940 Manises, Spain
| | - Maria Muriach
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain;
| | - Jorge M. Barcia
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (J.S.-P.); (B.R.); (J.M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Phillips D, Noble D. Bubbling beyond the barrier: exosomal RNA as a vehicle for soma-germline communication. J Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37936475 DOI: 10.1113/jp284420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
'Weismann's barrier' has restricted theories of heredity to the transmission of genomic variation for the better part of a century. However, the discovery and elucidation of epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation such as DNA methylation and histone modifications has renewed interest in studies on the inheritance of acquired traits and given them mechanistic plausibility. Although it is now clear that these mechanisms allow many environmentally acquired traits to be transmitted to the offspring, how phenotypic information is communicated from the body to its gametes has remained a mystery. Here, we discuss recent evidence that such communication is mediated by somatic RNAs that travel inside extracellular vesicles to the gametes where they reprogram the offspring epigenome and phenotype. How gametes learn about bodily changes has implications not only for the clinic, but also for evolutionary theory by bringing together intra- and intergenerational mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity and adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Phillips
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Denis Noble
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pomatto MAC, Gai C, Negro F, Massari L, Deregibus MC, Grange C, De Rosa FG, Camussi G. Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as a Delivery Platform for RNA-Based Vaccine: Feasibility Study of an Oral and Intranasal SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030974. [PMID: 36986835 PMCID: PMC10058531 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) may represent a platform for the delivery of RNA-based vaccines, exploiting their natural membrane envelope to protect and deliver nucleic acids. Here, EVs extracted from orange (Citrus sinensis) juice (oEVs) were investigated as carriers for oral and intranasal SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. oEVs were efficiently loaded with different mRNA molecules (coding N, subunit 1 and full S proteins) and the mRNA was protected from degrading stress (including RNase and simulated gastric fluid), delivered to target cells and translated into protein. APC cells stimulated with oEVs loaded with mRNAs induced T lymphocyte activation in vitro. The immunization of mice with oEVs loaded with S1 mRNA via different routes of administration including intramuscular, oral and intranasal stimulated a humoral immune response with production of specific IgM and IgG blocking antibodies and a T cell immune response, as suggested by IFN-γ production by spleen lymphocytes stimulated with S peptide. Oral and intranasal administration also triggered the production of specific IgA, the mucosal barrier in the adaptive immune response. In conclusion, plant-derived EVs represent a useful platform for mRNA-based vaccines administered not only parentally but also orally and intranasally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita A. C. Pomatto
- EvoBiotech s.r.l., 10122 Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.A.C.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Chiara Gai
- EvoBiotech s.r.l., 10122 Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Chiara Deregibus
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Grange
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- EvoBiotech s.r.l., 10122 Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.A.C.P.); (G.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Quesenberry PJ, Wen S, Goldberg LR, Dooner MS. The universal stem cell. Leukemia 2022; 36:2784-2792. [PMID: 36307485 PMCID: PMC9712109 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01715-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Current dogma is that there exists a hematopoietic pluripotent stem cell, resident in the marrow, which is quiescent, but with tremendous proliferative and differentiative potential. Furthermore, the hematopoietic system is essentially hierarchical with progressive differentiation from the pluripotent stem cells to different classes of hematopoietic cells. However, results summarized here indicate that the marrow pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell is actively cycling and thus continually changing phenotype. As it progresses through cell cycle differentiation potential changes as illustrated by sequential changes in surface expression of B220 and GR-1 epitopes. Further data indicated that the potential of purified hematopoietic stem cells extends to multiple other non-hematopoietic cells. It appears that marrow stem cells will give rise to epithelial pulmonary cells at certain points in cell cycle. Thus, it appears that the marrow "hematopoietic" stem cell is also a stem cell for other non-hematopoietic tissues. These observations give rise to the concept of a universal stem cell. The marrow stem cell is not limited to hematopoiesis and its differentiation potential continually changes as it transits cell cycle. Thus, there is a universal stem cell in the marrow which alters its differentiation potential as it progresses through cell cycle. This potential is expressed when it resides in tissues compatible with its differentiation potential, at a particular point in cell cycle transit, or when it interacts with vesicles from that tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Quesenberry
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - Sicheng Wen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Laura R Goldberg
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mark S Dooner
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jiang YF, Wei SN, Geng N, Qin WW, He X, Wang XH, Qi YP, Song S, Wang P. Evaluation of circulating small extracellular vesicle-derived miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for differentiating between different pathological types of early lung cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17201. [PMID: 36229645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in circulating small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been suggested to be potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. The present study was designed to explore whether plasma-derived sEV miRNAs could be utilized as diagnostic biomarkers for differentiating between early-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We compared the miRNA profiles of plasma-derived sEVs from healthy individuals, patients with early-stage SCLC and patients with early-stage NSCLC. Next-generation sequencing was used to screen for differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were used to predict the potential functions of these DEMs. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify the different pathology-related miRNA modules. We found that 22 DEMs were significantly different among healthy individuals, patients with early-stage SCLC, and patients with early-stage NSCLC. We selected six representative DEMs for validation by qRT‒PCR, which confirmed that miRNA-483-3p derived from plasma sEVs could be used as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of early-stage SCLC, miRNA-152-3p and miRNA-1277-5p could be used for the diagnosis of early-stage NSCLC respectively.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are released by the majority of cell types and circulate in body fluids. They function as a long-distance cell-to-cell communication mechanism that modulates the gene expression profile and fate of target cells. Increasing evidence has established a central role of extracellular vesicles in kidney physiology and pathology. Urinary extracellular vesicles mediate crosstalk between glomerular and tubular cells and between different segments of the tubule, whereas circulating extracellular vesicles mediate organ crosstalk and are involved in the amplification of kidney damage and inflammation. The molecular profile of extracellular vesicles reflects the type and pathophysiological status of the originating cell so could potentially be exploited for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. In addition, robust preclinical data suggest that administration of exogenous extracellular vesicles could promote kidney regeneration and reduce inflammation and fibrosis in acute and chronic kidney diseases. Stem cells are thought to be the most promising source of extracellular vesicles with regenerative activity. Extracellular vesicles are also attractive candidates for drug delivery and various engineering strategies are being investigated to alter their cargo and increase their efficacy. However, rigorous standardization and scalable production strategies will be necessary to enable the clinical application of extracellular vesicles as potential therapeutics. In this Review, the authors discuss the roles of extracellular vesicles in kidney physiology and disease as well as the beneficial effects of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in preclinical models of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. They also highlight current and future clinical applications of extracellular vesicles in kidney diseases. Urinary extracellular vesicles have roles in intra-glomerular, glomerulo-tubular and intra-tubular crosstalk, whereas circulating extracellular vesicles might mediate organ crosstalk; these mechanisms could amplify kidney damage and contribute to disease progression. Urinary extracellular vesicles could potentially be analysed using multiplex diagnostic platforms to identify pathological processes and the originating cell types; technological advances including single extracellular vesicle analysis might increase the specificity of bulk analysis of extracellular vesicle preparations. Robust standardization and validation in large patient cohorts are required to enable clinical application of extracellular vesicle-based biomarkers. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have been shown to improve renal recovery, limit progression of injury and reduce fibrosis in animal models of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Various engineering approaches can be used to load extracellular vesicles with therapeutic molecules and increase their delivery to the kidney. A small clinical trial that tested the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicle administration in patients with chronic kidney disease reported promising results; however, therapeutic application of extracellular vesicles is limited by a lack of scalable manufacturing protocols and clear criteria for standardization.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hao D, Lopez JM, Chen J, Iavorovschi AM, Lelivelt NM, Wang A. Engineering Extracellular Microenvironment for Tissue Regeneration. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9050202. [PMID: 35621480 PMCID: PMC9137730 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9050202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular microenvironment is a highly dynamic network of biophysical and biochemical elements, which surrounds cells and transmits molecular signals. Extracellular microenvironment controls are of crucial importance for the ability to direct cell behavior and tissue regeneration. In this review, we focus on the different components of the extracellular microenvironment, such as extracellular matrix (ECM), extracellular vesicles (EVs) and growth factors (GFs), and introduce engineering approaches for these components, which can be used to achieve a higher degree of control over cellular activities and behaviors for tissue regeneration. Furthermore, we review the technologies established to engineer native-mimicking artificial components of the extracellular microenvironment for improved regenerative applications. This review presents a thorough analysis of the current research in extracellular microenvironment engineering and monitoring, which will facilitate the development of innovative tissue engineering strategies by utilizing different components of the extracellular microenvironment for regenerative medicine in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dake Hao
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (D.H.); (J.-M.L.); (J.C.); (A.M.I.); (N.M.L.)
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Juan-Maria Lopez
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (D.H.); (J.-M.L.); (J.C.); (A.M.I.); (N.M.L.)
| | - Jianing Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (D.H.); (J.-M.L.); (J.C.); (A.M.I.); (N.M.L.)
| | - Alexandra Maria Iavorovschi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (D.H.); (J.-M.L.); (J.C.); (A.M.I.); (N.M.L.)
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Nora Marlene Lelivelt
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (D.H.); (J.-M.L.); (J.C.); (A.M.I.); (N.M.L.)
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (D.H.); (J.-M.L.); (J.C.); (A.M.I.); (N.M.L.)
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Navarro A, Bariani MV, Park HS, Zota AR, Al-Hendy A. Report of Exosomes Isolated from a Human Uterine Leiomyoma Cell Line and Their Impact on Endometrial Vascular Endothelial Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:577. [PMID: 35631403 PMCID: PMC9143402 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas are the most common pelvic tumor in women of reproductive age; they cause irregular heavy menstrual bleeding leading to anemia and subsequent negative effects on quality of life. Exosomes have arisen as main players of disease progression in several illnesses, including a range of benign and malignant conditions; however, their role in leiomyomas' pathophysiology remains unknown. We investigated the effect of exosomes derived from human uterine leiomyoma tumor cells (HULM) and human myometrial cells (UTSM) on the behavior of human endometrial microvascular endothelial cells (HEMEC). HULM- and UTSM-derived exosomes were isolated and cocultured with HEMECs. Then, cell proliferation, mRNA expression, tube formation assay, and RNA-seq were performed. Treatment of HEMEC with HULM-derived exosomes increased cell proliferation by 60% compared to control untreated cells, upregulated C-MYC and VEGFA expression levels, and increased tube formation, length, and branching (markers of angiogenesis). Profiling of miRNA revealed that 84 miRNAs were significantly downregulated and 71 were upregulated in HULM-derived exosomes compared to UTSM-derived exosomes. These findings suggest that HULM-derived exosomes might have effects on HEMEC function, containing factors that enhance endometrial proliferation and angiogenesis, which may contribute to heavy menstrual bleeding. Further research on exosomes in uterine leiomyoma may identify possible novel biomarkers for treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Navarro
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (A.N.); (M.V.B.); (H.-S.P.)
| | - Maria Victoria Bariani
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (A.N.); (M.V.B.); (H.-S.P.)
| | - Hang-Soo Park
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (A.N.); (M.V.B.); (H.-S.P.)
| | - Ami R. Zota
- Department of Environment Health, Milken School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA;
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (A.N.); (M.V.B.); (H.-S.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ibrahim S, Hedia M, Taqi MO, Derbala MK, Mahmoud KGM, Ahmed Y, Sosa AS, Saber YHA, Hasanain MH, Nawito MF, Seidel GE. Extracellular vesicles in low volume uterine lavage and serum: novel and promising biomarker for endometritis in Arabian mares. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:42. [PMID: 35042518 PMCID: PMC8764842 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a promising biomarker and play a vital role in cell–cell communication. This study aimed (I) to identify and characterize EVs from low volume uterine lavage (LVL) and serum in mares with endometritis, compared to healthy controls and (II) to measure serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), and prostaglandins (PGF2α and PGE2). Mares were divided into 30 sub-fertile (endometritis) and 20 fertile (controls). Serum and LVL was collected for EV isolation, and determination of serum levels of inflammatory mediators. Characterization and visualization of EVs were done by electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and flow cytometry. Results Serial ultracentrifugation of LVL and use of a commercial kit for serum were strategies for EVs isolation. Mares with endometritis released higher amounts of larger size EVs. The EVs from mares with endometritis differentially expressed CD9 and CD63, compared to controls. Mares suffering from endometritis evoked higher levels of inflammatory mediators. Conclusions Thus, EVs could be used for a better understanding the regulatory mechanisms associated with developing endometritis in mares. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03137-3.
Collapse
|
13
|
Lennaárd AJ, Mamand DR, Wiklander RJ, El Andaloussi S, Wiklander OPB. Optimised Electroporation for Loading of Extracellular Vesicles with Doxorubicin. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:38. [PMID: 35056933 PMCID: PMC8780628 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical use of chemotherapeutics is limited by several factors, including low cellular uptake, short circulation time, and severe adverse effects. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been suggested as a drug delivery platform with the potential to overcome these limitations. EVs are cell-derived, lipid bilayer nanoparticles, important for intercellular communication. They can transport bioactive cargo throughout the body, surmount biological barriers, and target a variety of tissues. Several small molecule drugs have been successfully incorporated into the lumen of EVs, permitting efficient transport to tumour tissue, increasing therapeutic potency, and reducing adverse effects. However, the cargo loading is often inadequate and refined methods are a prerequisite for successful utilisation of the platform. By systematically evaluating the effect of altered loading parameters for electroporation, such as total number of EVs, drug to EV ratio, buffers, pulse capacitance, and field strength, we were able to distinguish tendencies and correlations. This allowed us to design an optimised electroporation protocol for loading EVs with the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. The loading technique demonstrated improved cargo loading and EV recovery, as well as drug potency, with a 190-fold increased response compared to naked doxorubicin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angus J Lennaárd
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine (BCM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Doste R Mamand
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine (BCM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Erbil 44001, Iraq
| | - Rim Jawad Wiklander
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine (BCM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine (BCM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Oscar P B Wiklander
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine (BCM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen J, Zhou D, Nie Z, Lu L, Lin Z, Zhou D, Zhang Y, Long X, Fan S, Xu T. A scalable coaxial bioprinting technology for mesenchymal stem cell microfiber fabrication and high extracellular vesicle yield. Biofabrication 2021; 14:015012. [PMID: 34798619 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac3b90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising candidates for regenerative medicine; however, the lack of scalable methods for high quantity EV production limits their application. In addition, signature EV-derived proteins shared in 3D environments and 2D surfaces, remain mostly unknown. Herein, we present a platform combining MSC microfiber culture with ultracentrifugation purification for high EV yield. Within this platform, a high quantity MSC solution (∼3 × 108total cells) is encapsulated in a meter-long hollow hydrogel-microfiber via coaxial bioprinting technology. In this 3D core-shell microfiber environment, MSCs express higher levels of stemness markers (Oct4, Nanog, Sox2) than in 2D culture, and maintain their differentiation capacity. Moreover, this platform enriches particles by ∼1009-fold compared to conventional 2D culture, while preserving their pro-angiogenic properties. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry characterization results demonstrate that EVs derived from our platform and conventional 2D culturing have unique protein profiles with 3D-EVs having a greater variety of proteins (1023 vs 605), however, they also share certain proteins (536) and signature MSC-EV proteins (10). This platform, therefore, provides a new tool for EV production using microfibers in one culture dish, thereby reducing space, labor, time, and cost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Chen
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Duchao Zhou
- East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao 334000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenguo Nie
- Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center of PLA general hospital, 100048 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhidong Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dezhi Zhou
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Long
- East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao 334000, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyang Fan
- Heart Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Huang J, Zhang J, Xiong J, Sun S, Xia J, Yang L, Liang Y. Stem Cell-Derived Nanovesicles: A Novel Cell-Free Therapy for Wound Healing. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:1285087. [PMID: 34567129 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1285087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing and regeneration are a dynamic and complex process that requires a collaborative effort between growth factors, epidermal cells, dermal cells, extracellular matrix, and vessels local to the wound area. Mesenchymal stem cells participate in the recruitment site, mainly by releasing secretory factors and matrix proteins to promote wound healing. Stem cell-derived nanovesicles (CDNs), including microvesicles, exosomes, and exosome mimetics, contain most of the biologically active substances of their parent cells and have similar effects. CDNs can shuttle various proteins, messenger RNAs, and microRNAs to regulate the activity of receptor cells, and they play important roles in skin wound healing. This article reviews recent research progress on CDNs for wound repair. We summarize current knowledge on how CDNs regulate immunity, fibroblast activity, angiogenesis, and scar formation in the wound healing process. This review can help researchers explore new treatment strategies to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of CDNs, which have a promising future as naturally cell-free therapies.
Collapse
|
16
|
Thakur A, Ke X, Chen YW, Motallebnejad P, Zhang K, Lian Q, Chen HJ. The mini player with diverse functions: extracellular vesicles in cell biology, disease, and therapeutics. Protein Cell 2021; 13:631-654. [PMID: 34374936 PMCID: PMC9233731 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-021-00863-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny biological nanovesicles ranging from approximately 30-1000 nm in diameter that are released into the extracellular matrix of most cell types and in biofluids. The classification of EVs includes exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, dependent on various factors such as size, markers, and biogenesis pathways. The transition of EV relevance from that of being assumed as a trash bag to be a key player in critical physiological and pathological conditions has been revolutionary in many ways. EVs have been recently revealed to play a crucial role in stem cell biology and cancer progression via intercellular communication, contributing to organ development and the progression of cancer. This review focuses on the significant research progress made so far in the role of the crosstalk between EVs and stem cells and their niche, and cellular communication among different germ layers in developmental biology. In addition, it discusses the role of EVs in cancer progression and their application as therapeutic agents or drug delivery vehicles. All such discoveries have been facilitated by tremendous technological advancements in EV-associated research, especially the microfluidics systems. Their pros and cons in the context of characterization of EVs are also extensively discussed in this review. This review also deliberates the role of EVs in normal cell processes and disease conditions, and their application as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Finally, we propose future perspectives for EV-related research in stem cell and cancer biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhimanyu Thakur
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaoshan Ke
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Pedram Motallebnejad
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kui Zhang
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong. .,Prenatal Diagnostic Center and Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,HKUMed Laboratory of Cellular Therapeutics, the University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
| | - Huanhuan Joyce Chen
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA. .,The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The role of stem cells in augmenting reparative processes in the heart after ischemic injury has been successfully demonstrated in small and large animal models. However, the outcomes of cell therapy in clinical trials have been somewhat variable, with overall effects of autologous stem cell therapies demonstrating a modest improvement in cardiac structure and function. How stem cells repair the heart after cardiac injury is still not well understood. Most recent studies suggest that adult derived stem cells act primarily through paracrine signaling to exert beneficial effects, including modulation of immune response, stimulation of new blood vessel formation, or by inducing mature myocytes to transiently reenter the cell cycle, rather than robust direct differentiation of the transplanted cells into myocytes. In addition, data from multiple laboratory results confirmed clearance of stem cells themselves within a few days still leading to functional benefits further confirming the role of paracrine signaling in augmenting cardiac reparative processes rather than direct differentiation of cells. These findings rapidly evolved the field of extracellular vesicles specifically microvesicles (MVs) as they are active hubs of autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling targeting different biological processes. The beneficial effects seen after stem cell transplantation could be linked to the cardioprotective factors packaged in the MVs secreted from stem cells. Therefore, stem cell MVs provide a new avenue for the treatment of cardiovascular disease through a multitude of mechanisms including cellular communication within the stem cell niches, delivery of genetic information, regulation of the immune system in the heart, and stimulation of angiogenesis which will be discussed in this review.
Collapse
|
18
|
Kovač Peić A, Šrajer Gajdošik M, Brilliant K, Callanan H, Hixson DC, Begić M, Josić D. Changes in the proteome of extracellular vesicles shed by rat liver after subtoxic exposure to acetaminophen. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1388-1398. [PMID: 33837589 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
To identify changes in extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by the liver following drug-induced liver injury (DILI), rats were treated with a subtoxic dose (500 mg/kg) of the analgesic drug, acetaminophen (APAP). EVs were collected by liver perfusion of sham and APAP-treated rats. Changes in EVs morphology were examined by transmission electron microscopic analysis of negatively stained vesicles. Results from morphometric analysis of EVs revealed striking differences in their size and distribution. Proteome composition of EVs collected by liver perfusion was determined by mass spectrometry using methods of sample preparation that enabled better detection of both highly hydrophobic proteins and proteins with complex post-translational modifications. The collection of EVs after liver perfusion is an approach that enables the isolation of EVs shed not only by isolated hepatocytes, but also by the entire complement of hepatic cells. EVs derived after DILI had a lower content of alpha-1-macroglobulin, ferritin, and members of cytochrome 450 family. Fibronectin, aminopeptidase N, metalloreductase STEAP4, integrin beta, and members of the annexin family were detected only in APAP-treated samples of EVs. These results show that the present approach can provide valuable insights into the response of the liver following drug-induced liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kate Brilliant
- Proteomics Core, COBRE CCRD, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Helen Callanan
- Proteomics Core, COBRE CCRD, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Douglas C Hixson
- Proteomics Core, COBRE CCRD, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Marija Begić
- Faculty of Medicine, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Pula, Croatia
| | - Djuro Josić
- Proteomics Core, COBRE CCRD, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bidarimath M, Lingegowda H, Miller JE, Koti M, Tayade C. Insights Into Extracellular Vesicle/Exosome and miRNA Mediated Bi-Directional Communication During Porcine Pregnancy. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:654064. [PMID: 33937376 PMCID: PMC8081834 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.654064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous fetal loss is one of the most important challenges that commercial pig industry is still facing in North America. Research over the decade provided significant insights into some of the associated mechanisms including uterine capacity, placental efficiency, deficits in vasculature, and immune-inflammatory alterations at the maternal-fetal interface. Pigs have unique epitheliochorial placentation where maternal and fetal layers lay in opposition without any invasion. This has provided researchers opportunities to accurately tease out some of the mechanisms associated with maternal-fetal interface adaptations to the constantly evolving needs of a developing conceptus. Another unique feature of porcine pregnancy is the conceptus derived recruitment of immune cells during the window of conceptus attachment. These immune cells in turn participate in pregnancy associated vascular changes and contribute toward tolerance to the semi-allogeneic fetus. However, the precise mechanism of how maternal-fetal cells communicate during the critical times in gestation is not fully understood. Recently, it has been established that bi-directional communication between fetal trophoblasts and maternal cells/tissues is mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes. These EVs are detected in a variety of tissues and body fluids and their role has been described in modulating several physiological and pathological processes including vascularization, immune-modulation, and homeostasis. Recent literature also suggests that these EVs (exosomes) carry cargo (nucleic acids, protein, and lipids) as unique signatures associated with some of the pregnancy associated pathologies. In this review, we provide overview of important mechanisms in porcine pregnancy success and failure and summarize current knowledge about the unique cargo containing biomolecules in EVs. We also discuss how EVs (including exosomes) transfer their contents into other cells and regulate important biological pathways critical for pregnancy success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mallikarjun Bidarimath
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | | | - Jessica E Miller
- Department Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Madhuri Koti
- Department Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Chandrakant Tayade
- Department Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Karnas E, Sekuła-Stryjewska M, Kmiotek-Wasylewska K, Bobis-Wozowicz S, Ryszawy D, Sarna M, Madeja Z, Zuba-Surma EK. Extracellular vesicles from human iPSCs enhance reconstitution capacity of cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Leukemia 2021; 35:2964-2977. [PMID: 34140648 PMCID: PMC8478657 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cord blood (CB) represents a source of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (CB-HSPCs) for bone marrow (BM) reconstitution, but clinical CB application is limited in adult patients due to the insufficient number of CB-HSCPCs and the lack of effective ex vivo approaches to increase CB-HSPC functionality. Since human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been indicated as donor cells for bioactive extracellular vesicles (EVs) modulating properties of other cells, we are the first to employ hiPSC-derived EVs (hiPSC-EVs) to enhance the hematopoietic potential of CB-derived CD45dimLin-CD34+ cell fraction enriched in CB-HSPCs. We demonstrated that hiPSC-EVs improved functional properties of CB-HSPCs critical for their hematopoietic capacity including metabolic, hematopoietic and clonogenic potential as well as survival, chemotactic response to stromal cell-derived factor 1 and adhesion to the model components of hematopoietic niche in vitro. Moreover, hiPSC-EVs enhanced homing and engraftment of CB-HSPCs in vivo. This phenomenon might be related to activation of signaling pathways in CB-HSPCs following hiPSC-EV treatment, as shown on both gene expression and the protein kinases activity levels. In conclusion, hiPSC-EVs might be used as ex vivo modulators of CB-HSPCs capacity to enhance their functional properties and augment future practical applications of CB-derived cells in BM reconstitution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Karnas
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Sekuła-Stryjewska
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Laboratory of Stem Cell Biotechnology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kmiotek-Wasylewska
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bobis-Wozowicz
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Damian Ryszawy
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Sarna
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa K. Zuba-Surma
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Aheget H, Mazini L, Martin F, Belqat B, Marchal JA, Benabdellah K. Exosomes: Their Role in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:E84. [PMID: 33396739 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current scientific evidence concerning the role played by exosomes in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The potential use of exosomes as delivery vectors for small-molecule therapeutic agents will be discussed. In addition, a special emphasis will be placed on the involvement of exosomes in oncological diseases, as well as to their potential therapeutic application as liquid biopsy tools mainly in cancer diagnosis. A better understanding of exosome biology could improve the results of clinical interventions using exosomes as therapeutic agents. Abstract Exosomes are lipid bilayer particles released from cells into their surrounding environment. These vesicles are mediators of near and long-distance intercellular communication and affect various aspects of cell biology. In addition to their biological function, they play an increasingly important role both in diagnosis and as therapeutic agents. In this paper, we review recent literature related to the molecular composition of exosomes, paying special attention to their role in pathogenesis, along with their application as biomarkers and as therapeutic tools. In this context, we analyze the potential use of exosomes in biomedicine, as well as the limitations that preclude their wider application.
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang L, Sun Y, Yi M, Zhao W, Yuan X. IEO model: A novel concept describing the complete metastatic process in the liver microenvironment. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3627-3633. [PMID: 32391088 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a characteristic behavior of malignant tumor cells. It is determined by the mutual interaction between primary tumor cells and the state of the microenvironment at sites of metastasis, particularly the liver, bone, lungs and brain. In the present review, a novel pattern is defined and termed the IEO model (prI-, prE- and pOst-metastatic niche), for the hepatic metastatic microenvironment which characterizes the complete metastatic process. In the IEO model, the components of the hepatic metastatic niche, including the extracellular matrix, hepatocytes, mesenchymal cells, Kupffer cells, hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells and immunocytes are continually remodelled by tumor cells to form various microenvironments during different stages of hepatic metastasis. The IEO model explains the plasticity of the hepatic microenvironment and provides novel insights into the role of different stages of the metastatic niche. This novel concept may provide a basis for advances in theoretical cancer research and for improvements in the complete course management of malignant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yinan Sun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Minxiao Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Weiheng Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Barreca MM, Cancemi P, Geraci F. Mesenchymal and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: The New Frontier for Regenerative Medicine? Cells 2020; 9:E1163. [PMID: 32397132 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine aims to repair damaged, tissues or organs for the treatment of various diseases, which have been poorly managed with conventional drugs and medical procedures. To date, multimodal regenerative methods include transplant of healthy organs, tissues, or cells, body stimulation to activate a self-healing response in damaged tissues, as well as the combined use of cells and bio-degradable scaffold to obtain functional tissues. Certainly, stem cells are promising tools in regenerative medicine due to their ability to induce de novo tissue formation and/or promote organ repair and regeneration. Currently, several studies have shown that the beneficial stem cell effects, especially for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in damaged tissue restore are not dependent on their engraftment and differentiation on the injury site, but rather to their paracrine activity. It is now well known that paracrine action of stem cells is due to their ability to release extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs play a fundamental role in cell-to-cell communication and are directly involved in tissue regeneration. In the present review, we tried to summarize the molecular mechanisms through which MSCs and iPSCs-derived EVs carry out their therapeutic action and their possible application for the treatment of several diseases.
Collapse
|
24
|
Xiong LH, Tu JW, Zhang YN, Yang LL, Cui R, Zhang ZL, Pang DW. Designer cell-self-implemented labeling of microvesicles in situ with the intracellular-synthesized quantum dots. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9697-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
25
|
Zeng W, Lei Q, Ma J, Ju R. Effects of hypoxic-ischemic pre-treatment on microvesicles derived from endothelial progenitor cells. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:2171-2178. [PMID: 32104281 PMCID: PMC7027331 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have protective roles in ischemic injury due to their ability to improve endothelial function and modulate angiogenesis. Microvesicles (MVs) are small membrane particles released by various cell types, including EPCs, which affect various target cells by transferring carried genetic information, including microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs). Depending on the stimuli and cell types, MVs exert different functions. In the present study, oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was used to mimic ischemic-hypoxic (HI) insult, where the effects of HI insult on EPC-derived MVs (EPC-MVs) were subsequently investigated. OGD induced Ca2+ influx in EPCs and increased the release of EPC-MVs compared with normoxic conditions. In addition, MVs prepared from EPCs cultured under normoxic conditions or OGD conditions (OGD-EMVs) had the ability to stimulate the proliferation of EPCs. Furthermore, OGD-EMVs induced stronger effects on proliferation, which may be associated with the upregulation of miR-210 in EPC-MVs. In conclusion, the present results indicated that HI insult promoted the release of MVs from EPCs and upregulated miR-210 in MVs, leading to positive modulation of the proliferation of EPCs cultured under normoxic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zeng
- Department of Neonatology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoling Lei
- Department of Neonatology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Ma
- Department of Neonatology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, P.R. China
| | - Rong Ju
- Department of Neonatology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yu Y, Abudula M, Li C, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Chen Y. Icotinib-resistant HCC827 cells produce exosomes with mRNA MET oncogenes and mediate the migration and invasion of NSCLC. Respir Res 2019; 20:217. [PMID: 31606039 PMCID: PMC6790059 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Icotinib has been widely used in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and have significantly enhanced the overall survival rate of NSCLC patients. However, acquired drug resistance limits its clinical efficacy. Tumor cell-derived exosomes have been reported to participate in various biological processes, including tumor invasion, metastasis and drug resistance. Materials and methods In the present study, drug resistance was measured by MTT assay. Exosomes were extracted from the cell supernatant using ultracentrifugation and identified by exosomal marker. HCC827 cells were treated with exosomes derived from icotinib-resistant (IR) HCC827 to observe the invasion and migration of parent cells. The expression of exo-mRNA was analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In addition, 10 exo-mRNAs detecting from the plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of NSCLC patients with icotinib treatment were used to establish a new drug resistant-warning formula. Results The oncogene MET into exosomes was identified from icotinib-resistant lung cancer cells, and this was also presented in exosomes in NSCLC patients diagnosed with cancer metastasis after icotinib treatment. The knockdown of MET in exosomes significantly decreased the ability of invasion and migration in HCC827 cells. Conclusion It was suggested that MET might be specifically package and transferred by exosomes to modify the invasion and migration ability of the surrounding icotinib-sensitive cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Yu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | | | | | - Zhongbo Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yichen Chen
- Ningbo Institution of Medical Science, Ningbo, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Strømme O, Psonka-Antonczyk KM, Stokke BT, Sundan A, Arum CJ, Brede G. Myeloma-derived extracellular vesicles mediate HGF/c-Met signaling in osteoblast-like cells. Exp Cell Res 2019; 383:111490. [PMID: 31283912 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is an incurable cancer of antibody-producing plasma cells. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a cytokine aberrantly expressed in half of myeloma patients, is involved in myeloma pathogenesis by enhancing myeloma growth and invasiveness, and may play a role in myeloma bone disease by inhibiting osteoblastogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether extracellular vesicles (EVs) may play a role in HGF signaling between myeloma cells and osteoblast-like target cells. EVs from the HGF-positive cell line JJN-3 and the HGF-negative cell line INA-6, and from bone marrow plasma and primary human myeloma cells, were isolated using sequential centrifugation techniques and the presence of HGF on the EV-surface was investigated with ELISA. EVs from both cell lines were added to an established bioassay where HGF is known to induce interleukin-11 secretion in osteoblast-like cells. Our results show that HGF was bound to the surface of JJN-3-derived EVs, while INA-6-derived EVs were negative for HGF. Only JJN-3-derived EVs induced IL-11 secretion in osteoblast-like recipient cells. When osteoblast-like cells were preincubated with a specific HGF-receptor (c-Met) inhibitor, no induction of interleukin-11 was observed. Downstream c-Met phosphorylation was demonstrated by immunoblotting. EVs isolated from bone marrow plasma and primary myeloma cells were HGF-positive for a subset of myeloma patients. Taken together, this work shows for the first time that HGF bound on the surface of myeloma-derived EVs can effectuate HGF/c-Met signaling in osteoblast-like cells. Myeloma-derived EVs may play a role in myeloma bone disease by induction of the osteoclast-activating cytokine interleukin-11 in osteoblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Strømme
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Katarzyna M Psonka-Antonczyk
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Bjørn Torger Stokke
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Anders Sundan
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Carl-Jørgen Arum
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway and Department of Urology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Gaute Brede
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Microparticles are a distinctive group of small vesicles, without nucleus, which are involved as significant modulators in several physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms. Plasma microparticles from various cellular lines have been subject of research. Data suggest that they are key players in development and manifestation of cardiovascular diseases and their presence, in high levels, is associated with chronic inflammation, endothelial damage and thrombosis. The strong correlation of microparticle levels with several outcomes in cardiovascular diseases has led to their utilization as biomarkers. Despite the limited clinical application at present, their significance emerges, mainly because their detection and enumeration methods are improving. This review article summarizes the evidence derived from research, related with the genesis and the function of microparticles in the presence of various cardiovascular risk factors and conditions. The current data provide a substrate for several theories of how microparticles influence various cellular mechanisms by transferring biological information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Voukalis
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Eduard Shantsila
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- b Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science , University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital , Liverpool , UK.,c Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit , Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Morales Dalanezi F, Mogollon Garcia HD, de Andrade Ferrazza R, Fagali Franchi F, Kubo Fontes P, de Souza Castilho AC, Gouveia Nogueira MF, Dos Santos Schmidt EM, Sartori R, Pinheiro Ferreira JC. Extracellular vesicles of follicular fluid from heat-stressed cows modify the gene expression of in vitro-matured oocytes. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 205:94-104. [PMID: 31060922 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of heat stress (HS) on cattle reproduction is deleterious with respect to ovarian follicular development and oocyte quality. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of follicular fluid extracellular vesicles (EVs) obtained from cows maintained in thermoneutral (TN) or HS conditions on in vitro oocyte maturation. Nonlactating cows were estrous synchronized. Immediately after ovulation day (D1), the cows were randomly assigned to TN or HS environments. Follicular fluid from all follicles from each treatment was pooled, and EVs were obtained. Pools of 20 cumulus oocyte-complexes (COCs), were allocated to the following treatments: Control (n = 4 COC pools): matured in base medium; TN (n = 4 COC pools): matured in base medium supplemented with TN EV suspension; and HS (n = 4 COC pools): matured in base medium that was supplemented with the HS EV suspension. All treatments were conducted at 38.5 °C for 24 h in a humid atmosphere with 5% CO2. After maturation, the COCs were evaluated for meiotic progression, DNA integrity and oocyte quality-related gene expression. When the experimental groups were compared with the control group, a treatment effect was not observed for meiotic progression and DNA integrity. In the cumulus cells of TN group, there was relatively lesser expression of the IGFBP4 gene. In the oocytes of the TN as compared with the HS group, the IGFBP2, BMP15, GDF9, CDCA8, HAS2, RPL15, STAT3 and PFKP genes were expressed to a lesser extent. The findings indicated that oocytes matured in the presence of EVs from the follicular fluid of cows collected when there were TN conditions, however, there was a lesser expression of genes related to oocyte quality.
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhao L, Hu C, Zhang P, Jiang H, Chen J. Genetic communication by extracellular vesicles is an important mechanism underlying stem cell-based therapy-mediated protection against acute kidney injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:119. [PMID: 30995947 PMCID: PMC6471862 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy appears to be a promising new candidate for acute kidney injury (AKI) management. Traditionally, it has been accepted that the mechanism underlying the regenerative effect of stem cells is based on their paracrine/endocrine activity, including release of bioactive factors that act on injured renal cells and presentation of proangiogenic, antiapoptotic, antioxidative, and immunomodulatory effects. Recently, multiple studies have confirmed that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a kind of vesicle rich in a broad variety of biologically active molecules, including lipids, proteins, and, in particular, nucleic acids. EVs are able to transfer genetic information to target cells, alter target gene regulatory networks, and exert biological effects. Stem cell-derived EVs (SC-EVs) are emerging as potent genetic information sources that deliver mRNAs and miRNAs to injured renal cells and exert renoprotective effects during AKI. On the other hand, EVs originating from injured renal cells also contain genetic information that is believed to be able to influence phenotypic and functional changes in stem cells, favoring renal recovery. In this review, we summarize studies providing evidence of genetic communication during the application of stem cells in preclinical AKI models, aiming to clarify the mechanism and describe the therapeutic effects of stem cell-based therapy in AKI patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Zhao
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxia Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ranjbaran A, Latifi Z, Nejabati HR, Abroon S, Mihanfar A, Sadigh AR, Fattahi A, Nouri M, Raffel N. Exosome‐based intercellular communication in female reproductive microenvironments. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19212-19222. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ranjbaran
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Zeinab Latifi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Nejabati
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Sina Abroon
- Stem Cell Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Aynaz Mihanfar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Urmia University of Medical Sciences Urmia Iran
| | - Aydin Raei Sadigh
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Amir Fattahi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Student Research Committee Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Nathalie Raffel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Oh JE, Choi OK, Park HS, Jung HS, Ryu SJ, Lee YD, Lee SA, Chung SS, Choi EY, Lee DS, Gho YS, Lee H, Park KS. Direct differentiation of bone marrow mononucleated cells into insulin producing cells using pancreatic β-cell-derived components. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5343. [PMID: 30926860 PMCID: PMC6441031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of stem cell-derived insulin producing cells (IPCs) has been proposed as an alternative to islet transplantation for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, current IPC differentiation protocols are focused on generating functional cells from the pluripotent stem cells and tend to rely on multistep, long-term exposure to various exogenous factors. In this study, we addressed the observation that under stress, pancreatic β-cells release essential components that direct the differentiation of the bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNCs) into IPCs. Without any supplementation with known differentiation-inducing factors, IPCs can be generated from BMNCs by in vitro priming for 6 days with conditioned media (CM) from the β-cells. In vitro primed BMNCs expressed the β-cell-specific transcription factors, as well as insulin, and improved hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance after transplantation into the streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Furthermore, we have found that components of the CM which trigger the differentiation were enclosed by or integrated into micro particles (MPs), rather than being secreted as soluble factors. Identification of these differentiation-directing factors might enable us to develop novel technologies required for the production of clinically applicable IPCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Eun Oh
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Kyung Choi
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Seon Park
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seung Jung
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jeong Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Deok Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ah Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Chung
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sup Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Song Gho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakmo Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, 05368, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Qiao F, Pan P, Yan J, Sun J, Zong Y, Wu Z, Lu X, Chen N, Mi R, Ma Y, Ji Y. Role of tumor‑derived extracellular vesicles in cancer progression and their clinical applications (Review). Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1525-1533. [PMID: 30864674 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including micro‑vesicles and exosomes, are heterogeneous small membranous vesicles shed from the surface of myriad cells and are crucial in mediating intercellular communication. The vertical trafficking of cargo to the plasma membrane and subsequent redistribution of surface lipids may contribute to EV formation. Tumor‑derived extracellular vesicles (TD‑EVs) can carry complex, bioactive cargo, such as nucleic acids and proteins, during tumor metastasis. Paracrine information gets relayed by TD‑EVs to adjacent tumor cells and this allows a crosstalk between malignant cells. These structures may even move to a distant metastatic lesion and modulate the tumor microenvironment to form a premetastatic niche. Thus, TD‑EVs might be potential biomarkers for tumor development and metastasis. Additionally, EVs are promising candidates for use as cell‑free vaccines or as vehicles for the delivery of specific tumor therapeutic molecules. Genetically modified microvesicles and engineered exosomes have shed light on a novel strategy for tumor‑targeted gene therapy. This review focuses on the role of EVs in tumor development and metastasis and their possible applications in the advanced diagnosis and therapy of cancer and personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuhao Qiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xintai, Xintai, Shandong 271200, P.R. China
| | - Peng Pan
- School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jiaping Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xintai, Xintai, Shandong 271200, P.R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xintai, Xintai, Shandong 271200, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xintai, Xintai, Shandong 271200, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xintai, Xintai, Shandong 271200, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xintai, Xintai, Shandong 271200, P.R. China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xintai, Xintai, Shandong 271200, P.R. China
| | - Rui Mi
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yongbin Ma
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Ji
- School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dooner MS, Stewart C, Deng Y, Papa E, Pereira M, Del Tatto M, Johnson S, Wen S, Amaral A, Aliotta J, Quesenberry PJ, Goldberg LR. Daily rhythms influence the ability of lung-derived extracellular vesicles to modulate bone marrow cell phenotype. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207444. [PMID: 30475846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of intercellular communication and have been implicated in myriad physiologic and pathologic processes within the hematopoietic system. Numerous factors influence the ability of EVs to communicate with target marrow cells, but little is known about how circadian oscillations alter EV function. In order to explore the effects of daily rhythms on EV-mediated intercellular communication, we used a well-established model of lung-derived EV modulation of the marrow cell transcriptome. In this model, co-culture of whole bone marrow cells (WBM) with lung-derived EVs induces expression of pulmonary specific mRNAs in the target WBM. To determine if daily rhythms play a role in this phenotype modulation, C57BL/6 mice were entrained in 12-hour light/12-hour dark boxes. Lungs harvested at discrete time-points throughout the 24-hour cycle were co-cultured across a cell-impermeable membrane with murine WBM. Alternatively, WBM harvested at discrete time-points was co-cultured with lung-derived EVs. Target WBM was collected 24hrs after co-culture and analyzed for the presence of pulmonary specific mRNA levels by RT-PCR. In both cases, there were clear time-dependent variations in the patterns of pulmonary specific mRNA levels when either the daily time-point of the lung donor or the daily time-point of the recipient marrow cells was altered. In general, WBM had peak pulmonary-specific mRNA levels when exposed to lung harvested at Zeitgeber time (ZT) 4 and ZT 16 (ZT 0 defined as the time of lights on, ZT 12 defined as the time of lights off), and was most susceptible to lung-derived EV modulation when target marrow itself was harvested at ZT 8- ZT 12. We found increased uptake of EVs when the time-point of the receptor WBM was between ZT 20 -ZT 24, suggesting that the time of day-dependent changes in transcriptome modulation by the EVs were not due simply to differential EV uptake. Based on these data, we conclude that circadian rhythms can modulate EV-mediated intercellular communication.
Collapse
|
35
|
Yu G, Chen Z, Wu J, Wu J. A Transmission Prediction Neighbor Mechanism Based on a Mixed Probability Model in an Opportunistic Complex Social Network. Symmetry (Basel) 2018; 10:600. [DOI: 10.3390/sym10110600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The amount of data has skyrocketed in Fifth-generation (5G) networks. How to select an appropriate node to transmit information is important when we analyze complex data in 5G communication. We could sophisticate decision-making methods for more convenient data transmission, and opportunistic complex social networks play an increasingly important role. Users can adopt it for information sharing and data transmission. However, the encountering of nodes in mobile opportunistic network is random. The latest probabilistic routing method may not consider the social and cooperative nature of nodes, and could not be well applied to the large data transmission problem of social networks. Thus, we quantify the social and cooperative relationships symmetrically between the mobile devices themselves and the nodes, and then propose a routing algorithm based on an improved probability model to predict the probability of encounters between nodes (PEBN). Since our algorithm comprehensively considers the social relationship and cooperation relationship between nodes, the prediction result of the target node can also be given without encountering information. The neighbor nodes with higher probability are filtered by the prediction result. In the experiment, we set the node’s selfishness randomly. The simulation results show that compared with other state-of-art transmission models, our algorithm has significantly improved the message delivery rate, hop count, and overhead.
Collapse
|
36
|
Quesenberry P, Goldberg LR. A New Stem Cell Biology: Transplantation and Baseline, Cell Cycle and Exosomes. Adv Exp Med Biol 2018; 1056:3-9. [PMID: 29754171 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74470-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell biology has focused on stem cell purification and the definition of the regulation of purified stem cells in a hierarchical system. Work on the whole unpurified murine marrow cell population has indicated that a significant number of hematopoietic stem cells, rather than being dormant, are actively cycling, always changing phenotype and therefore resistant to purification efforts by current approaches. The bulk of cycling marrow stem cells are discarded with the standard lineage negative, stem cell marker positive separations. Therefore, the purified stem cells do not appear to be representative of the total hematopoietic stem cell population. In addition, baseline hematopoiesis does not appear to be determined by the transplantable stem cells but rather by many short-lived clones of varying differentiation potential. These systems appear to be impacted by tissue derived extracellular vesicles and a number of other variables. Thus hematopoietic stem cell biology is now at a fascinating new beginning with great promise.
Collapse
|
37
|
Park H, Park H, Mun D, Kang J, Kim H, Kim M, Cui S, Lee SH, Joung B. Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Hypoxic Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate GSK3β Expression via miRNA-26a in an Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Model. Yonsei Med J 2018; 59:736-745. [PMID: 29978610 PMCID: PMC6037597 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2018.59.6.736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Bioactive molecules critical to intracellular signaling are contained in extracellular vesicles (EVs) and have cardioprotective effects in ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injured hearts. This study investigated the mechanism of the cardioprotective effects of EVs derived from hypoxia-preconditioned human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS EV solutions (0.4 μg/μL) derived from normoxia-preconditioned MSCs (EV(NM)) and hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs (EV(HM)) were delivered in a rat IR injury model. Successful EV delivery was confirmed by the detection of PKH26 staining in hearts from EV-treated rats. RESULTS EV(HM) significantly reduced infarct size (24±2% vs. 8±1%, p<0.001), and diminished arrhythmias by recovering electrical conduction, I(Na) current, and Cx43 expression. EV(HM) also reversed reductions in Wnt1 and β-catenin levels and increases in GSK3β induced after IR injury. miRNA-26a was significantly increased in EV(HM), compared with EV(NM), in real-time PCR. Finally, in in vitro experiments, hypoxia-induced increases in GSK3β expression were significantly reduced by the overexpression of miRNA-26a. CONCLUSION EV(HM) reduced IR injury by suppressing GSK3β expression via miRNA-26a and increased Cx43 expression. These findings suggest that the beneficial effect of EVHM is related with Wnt signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Park
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyelim Park
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dasom Mun
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoeun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Michael Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shanyu Cui
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boyoung Joung
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Schmitz B, Rolfes F, Schelleckes K, Mewes M, Thorwesten L, Krüger M, Klose A, Brand SM. Longer Work/Rest Intervals During High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) Lead to Elevated Levels of miR-222 and miR-29c. Front Physiol 2018; 9:395. [PMID: 29719514 PMCID: PMC5913345 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: MicroRNA-222 (miR-222) and miR-29c have been identified as important modulators of cardiac growth and may protect against pathological cardiac remodeling. miR-222 and -29c may thus serve as functional biomarkers for exercise-induced cardiac adaptations. This investigation compared the effect of two workload-matched high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols with different recovery periods on miR-222 and -29c levels. Methods: Sixty-three moderately trained females and males (22.0 ± 1.7 years) fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were randomized into two HIIT groups using sex and exercise capacity. During a controlled 4-week intervention (two sessions/week) a 4 × 30 HIIT group performed 4 × 30 s runs (all-out, 30 s active recovery) and a 8 × 15 HIIT group performed 8 × 15 s runs (all-out, 15 s active recovery). miR-222 and -29c as well as transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) mRNA levels were determined during high-intensity running as well as aerobic exercise using capillary blood from earlobes. Performance parameters were assessed using an incremental continuous running test (ICRT) protocol with blood lactate diagnostic and heart rate (HR) monitoring to determine HR recovery and power output at individual anaerobic threshold (IAT). Results: At baseline, acute exercise miR-222 and -29c levels were increased only in the 4 × 30 HIIT group (both p < 0.01, pre- vs. post-exercise). After the intervention, acute exercise miR-222 levels were still increased in the 4 × 30 HIIT group (p < 0.01, pre- vs. post-exercise) while in the 8 × 15 HIIT group again no acute effect was observed. However, both HIIT interventions resulted in elevated resting miR-222 and -29c levels (all p < 0.001, pre- vs. post-intervention). Neither of the two miRNAs were elevated at any ICRT speed level at baseline nor follow-up. While HR recovery was improved by >24% in both HIIT groups (both p ≤ 0.0002) speed at IAT was improved by 3.6% only in the 4 × 30 HIIT group (p < 0.0132). Correlation analysis suggested an association between both miRNAs and TGF-beta1 mRNA (all p ≤ 0.006, r ≥ 0.74) as well as change in speed at IAT and change in miR-222 levels (p = 0.024, r = 0.46). Conclusions: HIIT can induce increased circulating levels of cardiac growth-associated miR-222 and -29c. miR-222 and miR-29c could be useful markers to monitor HIIT response in general and to identify optimal work/rest combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Schmitz
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Florian Rolfes
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Katrin Schelleckes
- Internal Medicine D, Nephrology, Hypertension and Rheumatology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Mirja Mewes
- Internal Medicine D, Nephrology, Hypertension and Rheumatology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lothar Thorwesten
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Michael Krüger
- Department of Physical Education and Sports History, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Andreas Klose
- Department of Physical Education and Sports History, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Stefan-Martin Brand
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhou J, Benito-Martin A, Mighty J, Chang L, Ghoroghi S, Wu H, Wong M, Guariglia S, Baranov P, Young M, Gharbaran R, Emerson M, Mark MT, Molina H, Canto-Soler MV, Selgas HP, Redenti S. Retinal progenitor cells release extracellular vesicles containing developmental transcription factors, microRNA and membrane proteins. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2823. [PMID: 29434302 PMCID: PMC5809580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20421-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A range of cell types, including embryonic stem cells, neurons and astrocytes have been shown to release extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing molecular cargo. Across cell types, EVs facilitate transfer of mRNA, microRNA and proteins between cells. Here we describe the release kinetics and content of EVs from mouse retinal progenitor cells (mRPCs). Interestingly, mRPC derived EVs contain mRNA, miRNA and proteins associated with multipotency and retinal development. Transcripts enclosed in mRPC EVs, include the transcription factors Pax6, Hes1, and Sox2, a mitotic chromosome stabilizer Ki67, and the neural intermediate filaments Nestin and GFAP. Proteomic analysis of EV content revealed retinogenic growth factors and morphogen proteins. mRPC EVs were shown to transfer GFP mRNA between cell populations. Finally, analysis of EV mediated functional cargo delivery, using the Cre-loxP recombination system, revealed transfer and uptake of Cre+ EVs, which were then internalized by target mRPCs activating responder loxP GFP expression. In summary, the data supports a paradigm of EV genetic material encapsulation and transfer within RPC populations. RPC EV transfer may influence recipient RPC transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, representing a novel mechanism of differentiation and fate determination during retinal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.,Biology Doctoral Program, The Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Alberto Benito-Martin
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10021, USA
| | - Jason Mighty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.,Biology Doctoral Program, The Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Lynne Chang
- Nikon Instruments Inc, 1300 Walt Whitman Road, Melville, NY, 11747, USA
| | - Shima Ghoroghi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.,Biology Doctoral Program, The Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Madeline Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Sara Guariglia
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Petr Baranov
- The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Michael Young
- The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Rajendra Gharbaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Mark Emerson
- Biology Doctoral Program, The Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Department of Biology, The City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Milica Tesic Mark
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Henrik Molina
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - M Valeria Canto-Soler
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Hector Peinado Selgas
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10021, USA.,Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Department of Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid, E28029, Spain
| | - Stephen Redenti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA. .,Biology Doctoral Program, The Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA. .,Biochemistry Doctoral Program, The Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Isola AL, Eddy K, Zembrzuski K, Goydos JS, Chen S. Exosomes released by metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (GRM1) expressing melanoma cells increase cell migration and invasiveness. Oncotarget 2018; 9:1187-1199. [PMID: 29416686 PMCID: PMC5787429 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are naturally occurring membrane-bound nanovesicles generated constitutively and released by various cell types, and often in higher quantities by tumor cells. Exosomes may facilitate communication between the primary tumor and its local microenvironment, supporting cell invasion and other early events in metastasis. A neuronal receptor, metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (GRM1), when ectopically expressed in melanocytes, induces in vitro melanocytic transformation and spontaneous malignant melanoma development in vivo in a transgenic mouse model. Our earlier studies showed that genetic modulation in GRM1 expression by siRNA or disruption of GRM1-mediated glutamate signaling interfere with downstream effectors resulting in a decrease in both cell proliferation in vitro and tumor progression in vivo. In this study, we sought to determine whether exosome formation might play a role in GRM1 mediated melanoma development and progression. To test this, we utilized in vitro cultured cells in which GRM1 expression and function could be modulated by pharmacological and genetic means and determined effects on exosome production. We also tested the effects of exosomes from GRM1 expressing melanoma cells on growth, migration and invasion of GRM1 negative cells. Our results show that although GRM1 expression has no influence on exosome quantity, exosomes produced by GRM1-positive cells modulate the ability of the recipient cell to migrate, invade and exhibit anchorage-independent cell growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison L. Isola
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kevinn Eddy
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Krzysztof Zembrzuski
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - James S. Goydos
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Suzie Chen
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nawaz M. Extracellular vesicle-mediated transport of non-coding RNAs between stem cells and cancer cells: implications in tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. Stem Cell Investig 2017; 4:83. [PMID: 29167804 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2017.10.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed intensive progress in studying extracellular vesicles (EVs), both for understanding their basic biology and contribution to variety of diseases, biomarker discovery, and their potential as gene delivery vectors and source of innovative therapies. As such, stem cell-derived EVs have contributed significant knowledge which led to the development of cell-free therapies in regenerative medicine. Although, the role of stem cell-derived EVs in maintaining stemness, differentiation and repairing tissue injuries is relatively well-understood; however, knowledge about the contribution of stem cell-derived EVs in cancer progression is just emerging. The aim of this review is, therefore, to discuss the recent developments in stem cell-derived EVs and tumor progression, placing a particular focus on non-coding RNA (ncRNA) mediated cancer progression and resistance against therapies. This includes the failure of normal hematopoiesis and the progression of myeloid neoplasms, enhanced capacity of cancer cells to proliferate and metastasize, and the conversion of normal cells into cancer cells, activation of angiogenic pathways and dormancy in cancer cells. These processes are shared by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), cancer stem like-cells and cancer cells in an intricate intratumoral network in order to create self-strengthening tumor niche. In this context, EV-ncRNAs serve as mediators to relay bystander effects of secreting cancer stem cells (CSCs) into recipient cells for priming a tumor permissive environment and relaying therapeutic resistance. Collectively, this knowledge will improve our understandings and approaches in finding new therapeutic targets in the context of CSCs, which could be benefited through engineering EVs for innovative therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
During the past decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes, have emerged as important players in cell-to-cell communication in normal physiology and pathological conditions. EVs encapsulate and convey various bioactive molecules that are further transmitted to neighboring or more distant cells, where they induce various signaling cascades. The message delivered to the target cells is dependent on EV composition, which, in turn, is determined by the cell of origin and the surrounding microenvironment during EV biogenesis. Among their multifaceted role in the modulation of biological responses, the involvement of EVs in vascular development, growth, and maturation has been widely documented and their potential therapeutic application in regenerative medicine or angiogenesis-related diseases is drawing increasing interest. EVs derived from various cell types have the potential to deliver complex information to endothelial cells and to induce either pro- or antiangiogenic signaling. As dynamic systems, in response to changes in the microenvironment, EVs adapt their cargo composition to fine-tune the process of blood vessel formation. This article reviews the current knowledge on the role of microvesicles and exosomes from various cellular origins in angiogenesis, with a particular emphasis on the underlying mechanisms, and discusses the main challenges and prerequisites for their therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilyana Todorova
- From the Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, VRCM, UMR_S 1076, Marseille, France (D.T., S.S., R.L., F.S., F.D.-G.); APHM, CHU de la Conception, Service d'Hématologie, Marseille, France (R.L., F.D.-G.); and APHM, CHU de la Conception, Laboratoire de Culture et Thérapie Cellulaire, INSERM, UMR_S 1076, CBT1409, Marseille, France (F.S.)
| | - Stéphanie Simoncini
- From the Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, VRCM, UMR_S 1076, Marseille, France (D.T., S.S., R.L., F.S., F.D.-G.); APHM, CHU de la Conception, Service d'Hématologie, Marseille, France (R.L., F.D.-G.); and APHM, CHU de la Conception, Laboratoire de Culture et Thérapie Cellulaire, INSERM, UMR_S 1076, CBT1409, Marseille, France (F.S.)
| | - Romaric Lacroix
- From the Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, VRCM, UMR_S 1076, Marseille, France (D.T., S.S., R.L., F.S., F.D.-G.); APHM, CHU de la Conception, Service d'Hématologie, Marseille, France (R.L., F.D.-G.); and APHM, CHU de la Conception, Laboratoire de Culture et Thérapie Cellulaire, INSERM, UMR_S 1076, CBT1409, Marseille, France (F.S.)
| | - Florence Sabatier
- From the Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, VRCM, UMR_S 1076, Marseille, France (D.T., S.S., R.L., F.S., F.D.-G.); APHM, CHU de la Conception, Service d'Hématologie, Marseille, France (R.L., F.D.-G.); and APHM, CHU de la Conception, Laboratoire de Culture et Thérapie Cellulaire, INSERM, UMR_S 1076, CBT1409, Marseille, France (F.S.).
| | - Françoise Dignat-George
- From the Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, VRCM, UMR_S 1076, Marseille, France (D.T., S.S., R.L., F.S., F.D.-G.); APHM, CHU de la Conception, Service d'Hématologie, Marseille, France (R.L., F.D.-G.); and APHM, CHU de la Conception, Laboratoire de Culture et Thérapie Cellulaire, INSERM, UMR_S 1076, CBT1409, Marseille, France (F.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Quesenberry P, Wen S, Dooner M, Camussi G, Goldberg L. A New View of Stem Cell Dynamics. Curr Stem Cell Rep 2017; 3:149-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-017-0084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
44
|
Lu J, Li J, Liu S, Wang T, Ianni A, Bober E, Braun T, Xiang R, Yue S. Exosomal tetraspanins mediate cancer metastasis by altering host microenvironment. Oncotarget 2017; 8:62803-62815. [PMID: 28977990 PMCID: PMC5617550 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The metastases of malignant tumors develop through a cascade of events. The establishment of a pre-metastatic micro-environment is initiated by communication between tumors and host. Exosomes come into focus as the most potent intercellular communicators playing a pivotal role in this process. Cancer cells release exosomes into the extracellular environment prior to metastasis. Tetraspanin is a type of 4 times transmembrane proteins. It may be involved in cell motility, adhesion, morphogenesis, as well as cell and vesicular membrane fusion. The exosomal tetraspanin network is a molecular scaffold connecting various proteins for signaling transduction. The complex of tetraspanin-integrin determines the recruiting cancer exosomes to pre-metastatic sites. Tetraspanin is a key element for the target cell selection of exosomes uptake that may lead to the reprogramming of target cells. Reprogrammed target cells assist pre-metastatic niche formation. Previous reviews have described the biogenesis, secretion and intercellular interaction of exosomes in various tumors. However, there is a lack of reviews on the topic of exosomal tetraspanin in the context of cancer. In this review, we will describe the main characteristics of exosomal tetraspanin in cancer cells. We will also discuss how the cancer exosomal tetraspanin alters extracellular environment and regulates cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Hefei Second People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,The State International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Tumor Immunology and Biological Vaccines, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,The State International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Tumor Immunology and Biological Vaccines, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Teng Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,The State International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Tumor Immunology and Biological Vaccines, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Alessandro Ianni
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Eva Bober
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rong Xiang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,The State International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Tumor Immunology and Biological Vaccines, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shijing Yue
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,The State International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Tumor Immunology and Biological Vaccines, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Pigs have a unique, non-invasive epitheliochorial placenta where maternal and fetal layers lay in apposition. Indentation of fetal capillaries into the trophoblasts and maternal capillaries into the uterine epithelium reduce the distance between the fetal and maternal blood, ensuring nutrient transfer for proper conceptus development. Another unique feature of pig pregnancy is conceptus-mediated immune cell enrichment during the early stages of conceptus attachment (around gestation Day 15). This period coincides with the development of vasculature networks at the maternal-fetal interface, which is critical for successful conceptus growth. Specific chemokines, their receptors, and chemokine decoy receptor networks coordinate this immune cell enrichment and the positioning at the maternal-fetal interface. The recruited immune cells, in turn, adopt a specialized phenotype to support key processes of maternal-fetal adaptations, including tolerance to the semi-allogeneic fetus and supporting vascularization. Disturbance in coordinated cross talk between the conceptus and maternal endometrium is an important mechanism associated with spontaneous fetal loss. The exact mechanism of fetal loss is still not yet identified, although research in the last two decades point to various factors including genetics, nutrition, uterine capacity, placental efficiency, and imbalanced immune factors at the maternal-fetal interface. In this review, we summarize some of the recent advances in endometrial immune cell functions and their regulation. We also provide insights into endometrial/placental transcriptome, microRNA biology, and extravesicular transport across the maternal-fetal interface, as well as their potential implications in porcine pregnancy success or failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mallikarjun Bidarimath
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chandrakant Tayade
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Aliotta JM, Pereira M, Wen S, Dooner MS, Del Tatto M, Papa E, Cheng Y, Goldberg L, Ventetuolo CE, Liang O, Klinger JR, Quesenberry PJ. Bone Marrow Endothelial Progenitor Cells Are the Cellular Mediators of Pulmonary Hypertension in the Murine Monocrotaline Injury Model. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1595-1606. [PMID: 28474513 PMCID: PMC5689760 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of bone marrow (BM) cells in modulating pulmonary hypertensive responses is not well understood. Determine if BM‐derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) induce pulmonary hypertension (PH) and if this is attenuated by mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). Three BM populations were studied: (a) BM from vehicle and monocrotaline (MCT)‐treated mice (PH induction), (b) BM from vehicle‐, MCT‐treated mice that received MSC‐EV infusion after vehicle, MCT treatment (PH reversal, in vivo), (c) BM from vehicle‐, MCT‐treated mice cultured with MSC‐EVs (PH reversal, in vitro). BM was separated into EPCs (sca‐1+/c‐kit+/VEGFR2+) and non‐EPCs (sca‐1‐/c‐kit‐/VEGFR2‐) and transplanted into healthy mice. Right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy was assessed by RV‐to‐left ventricle+septum (RV/LV+S) ratio and pulmonary vascular remodeling by blood vessel wall thickness‐to‐diameter (WT/D) ratio. EPCs but not non‐EPCs from mice with MCT‐induced PH (MCT‐PH) increased RV/LV+S, WT/D ratios in healthy mice (PH induction). EPCs from MCT‐PH mice treated with MSC‐EVs did not increase RV/LV+S, WT/D ratios in healthy mice (PH reversal, in vivo). Similarly, EPCs from MCT‐PH mice treated with MSC‐EVs pre‐transplantation did not increase RV/LV+S, WT/D ratios in healthy mice (PH reversal, in vitro). MSC‐EV infusion reversed increases in BM‐EPCs and increased lung tissue expression of EPC genes and their receptors/ligands in MCT‐PH mice. These findings suggest that the pulmonary hypertensive effects of BM are mediated by EPCs and those MSC‐EVs attenuate these effects. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of PH and offer a potential target for development of novel PH therapies. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:1595–1606
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Aliotta
- Rhode Island Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Mandy Pereira
- Rhode Island Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology
| | - Sicheng Wen
- Rhode Island Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology
| | - Mark S Dooner
- Rhode Island Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology
| | - Michael Del Tatto
- Rhode Island Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology
| | - Elaine Papa
- Rhode Island Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology
| | - Yan Cheng
- Rhode Island Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology
| | - Laura Goldberg
- Rhode Island Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology
| | - Corey E Ventetuolo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Olin Liang
- Rhode Island Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology
| | - James R Klinger
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Peter J Quesenberry
- Rhode Island Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
|
48
|
Zhang H, Deng T, Liu R, Bai M, Zhou L, Wang X, Li S, Wang X, Yang H, Li J, Ning T, Huang D, Li H, Zhang L, Ying G, Ba Y. Exosome-delivered EGFR regulates liver microenvironment to promote gastric cancer liver metastasis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15016. [PMID: 28393839 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The metastatic organotropism has been one of the cancer's greatest mysteries since the 'seed and soil' hypothesis. Although the role of EGFR in cancer cells is well studied, the effects of secreted EGFR transported by exosomes are less understood. Here we show that EGFR in exosomes secreted from gastric cancer cells can be delivered into the liver and is integrated on the plasma membrane of liver stromal cells. The translocated EGFR is proved to effectively activate hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) by suppressing miR-26a/b expression. Moreover, the upregulated paracrine HGF, which binds the c-MET receptor on the migrated cancer cells, provides fertile 'soil' for the 'seed', facilitating the landing and proliferation of metastatic cancer cells. Thus, we propose that EGFR-containing exosomes derived from cancer cells could favour the development of a liver-like microenvironment promoting liver-specific metastasis.
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhang Y, Sun X, Icli B, Feinberg MW. Emerging Roles for MicroRNAs in Diabetic Microvascular Disease: Novel Targets for Therapy. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:145-168. [PMID: 28323921 PMCID: PMC5460677 DOI: 10.1210/er.2016-1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation and impaired microvascular function are critical hallmarks in the development of insulin resistance. Accordingly, insulin resistance is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Accumulating studies demonstrate that restoration of impaired function of the diabetic macro- and microvasculature may ameliorate a range of cardiovascular disease states and diabetes-associated complications. In this review, we focus on the emerging role of microRNAs (miRNAs), noncoding RNAs that fine-tune target gene expression and signaling pathways, in insulin-responsive tissues and cell types important for maintaining optimal vascular homeostasis and preventing the sequelae of diabetes-induced end organ injury. We highlight current pathophysiological paradigms of miRNAs and their targets involved in regulating the diabetic microvasculature in a range of diabetes-associated complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, wound healing, and myocardial injury. We provide an update of the potential use of circulating miRNAs diagnostically in type I or type II diabetes. Finally, we discuss emerging delivery platforms for manipulating miRNA expression or function as the next frontier in therapeutic intervention to improve diabetes-associated microvascular dysfunction and its attendant clinical consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China, and
| | - Xinghui Sun
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Basak Icli
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Mark W Feinberg
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Fatima F, Nawaz M. Vesiculated Long Non-Coding RNAs: Offshore Packages Deciphering Trans-Regulation between Cells, Cancer Progression and Resistance to Therapies. Noncoding RNA 2017; 3:ncrna3010010. [PMID: 29657282 PMCID: PMC5831998 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna3010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles secreted from virtually all cell types and are thought to transport proteins, lipids and nucleic acids including non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) between cells. Since, ncRNAs are central to transcriptional regulation during developmental processes; eukaryotes might have evolved novel means of post-transcriptional regulation by trans-locating ncRNAs between cells. EV-mediated transportation of regulatory elements provides a novel source of trans-regulation between cells. In the last decade, studies were mainly focused on microRNAs; however, functions of long ncRNA (lncRNA) have been much less studied. Here, we review the regulatory roles of EV-linked ncRNAs, placing a particular focus on lncRNAs, how they can foster dictated patterns of trans-regulation in recipient cells. This refers to envisaging novel mechanisms of epigenetic regulation, cellular reprogramming and genomic instability elicited in recipient cells, ultimately permitting the generation of cancer initiating cell phenotypes, senescence and resistance to chemotherapies. Conversely, such trans-regulation may introduce RNA interference in recipient cancer cells causing the suppression of oncogenes and anti-apoptotic proteins; thus favoring tumor inhibition. Collectively, understanding these mechanisms could be of great value to EV-based RNA therapeutics achieved through gene manipulation within cancer cells, whereas the ncRNA content of EVs from cancer patients could serve as non-invasive source of diagnostic biomarkers and prognostic indicators in response to therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farah Fatima
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|