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Magoshi IB, Nekhumbe AW, Ibrahim MA, Serem JC, Bester MJ. Gastrointestinal Effects on the Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Properties of South African Fynbos Honey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2023; 2023:2553197. [PMID: 38045104 PMCID: PMC10691895 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2553197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The Fynbos biome, Western Cape Province, South Africa, produces a unique honey from Apis mellifera capensis. The bioactivity of Fynbos (FB1-FB6) honeys and Manuka, unique manuka factor 15+ (MAN UMF15+) honey subjected to simulated in vitro digestion, was compared. The effect of each phase of digestion on the antioxidant properties and nitric oxide- (NO-) associated immunomodulatory effects was determined. The total phenolic content of MAN (UMF15+) was higher than that of FB honeys, and following digestion, the percentage bioaccessibility (BA) was 68.6% and 87.1 ± 27.0%, respectively. With the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay, the activity of FB1 and FB6 was similar to MAN (UMF15+) but reduced for FB2, FB3, FB4, and FB5 with a %BA of 77.9% for MAN (UMF15+) and 78.2 ± 13.4% for FB. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity of MAN (UMF15+) and FB honeys was similar and unaltered with digestion. In a cellular environment, using colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells, both undigested and the gastric digested honey reduced 2,2'-azobis-(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride- (AAPH-) mediated peroxyl radical formation. In contrast, following gastroduodenal digestion, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased. In murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) cells, all honeys induced different levels of NO which was significantly increased with digestion for MAN (UMF15+) and FB1. In LPS/IFN-γ stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, only undigested MAN (UMF15+) effectively reduced NO levels, and with digestion, NO scavenging activity of MAN (UMF15+) was reduced but increased for FB5 and FB6. In a noncellular environment, MAN (UMF15+), FB1, FB2, and FB6 scavenged NO, and with digestion, this activity was maintained. This study has identified that undigested and gastric-digested FB honey has antioxidant properties with strong potential anticancer effects following gastroduodenal digestion, related to ROS formation. MAN (UMF15+) had anti-inflammatory effects which were lost postdigestion, and in contrast, FB5 and FB6 had anti-inflammatory effects postdigestion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - June Cheptoo Serem
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 002, South Africa
| | - Megan Jean Bester
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 002, South Africa
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Arouna N, Gabriele M, Tomassi E, Pucci L. Traditional Fermentation Affects the Nutraceutical Properties of Parkia biglobosa Seeds. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2023:10.1007/s11130-023-01064-8. [PMID: 37378802 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Parkia biglobosa seeds (African locust bean) play a crucial role in the diet and health of Western African populations. The seeds are spontaneously fermented to produce condiments used for food seasoning and stews preparation. Hence, to understand the health benefits of seed-based products from P. biglobosa, total polyphenol content, in vitro and ex vivo antioxidant properties, as well as antihypertensive activity, of fermented and non-fermented seeds were investigated. The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to determine total polyphenol content; 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) tests were used to estimate the in vitro antioxidant activity. The ex vivo antioxidant and antihypertensive activities were evaluated by using cellular antioxidant activity in human red blood cells (CAA-RBC) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity assays, respectively. The fermented seeds showed a huge increase in polyphenol content and in vitro antioxidant activities compared to non-fermented ones. The fermented seeds showed a higher potency of biological antioxidant activity than non-fermented ones by exhibiting greater protection of erythrocytes from oxidative damage at a very low dose of extracts. Both fermented and non-fermented seeds have been shown to contain peptides with ACE-inhibitory activity; however, the non-fermented seeds exerted a higher ACE-inhibitory activity than fermented ones. In conclusion, traditional fermentation positively impacted the nutraceutical and health benefits of P. biglobosa seeds. However, the non-fermented seeds should not be ignored. Both fermented and non-fermented seeds can be used as valuable ingredients for the formulation of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiou Arouna
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100 - 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Morena Gabriele
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Italian National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa, 56124, Italy.
| | - Elena Tomassi
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Italian National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Laura Pucci
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Italian National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa, 56124, Italy
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Chen X, Shang S, Yan F, Jiang H, Zhao G, Tian S, Chen R, Chen D, Dang Y. Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils and Their Major Components in Scavenging Free Radicals, Inhibiting Lipid Oxidation and Reducing Cellular Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114559. [PMID: 37299039 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant activities of five essential oils (cinnamon, thyme, clove, lavender and peppermint oils) and their major components (eugenol, thymol, linalool, and menthol) were evaluated on scavenging DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl) free radicals, inhibiting polyunsaturated fatty acid oxidation in fish oil emulsion (FOE), and reducing oxidative stress in human red blood cells (RBC). The essential oils from cinnamon, thyme, clove and their main components, eugenol and thymol, exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in the FOE and RBC systems. It was found that the antioxidant activity of essential oils was positively correlated to the content of eugenol and thymol, while lavender and peppermint oils and their main components, linalool and menthol, had very low antioxidant activity. Compared with scavenging DPPH free radical activity, the antioxidant activity in FOE and RBC systems could better reflect the actual antioxidant potential of essential oil in preventing lipid oxidation and reducing oxidative stress in biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bioresources Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development CIC, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China
| | - Shufeng Shang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bioresources Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development CIC, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bioresources Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development CIC, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bioresources Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development CIC, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China
| | - Guanjie Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bioresources Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development CIC, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China
| | - Shan Tian
- Department of Medical Oncology of 3201 Hospital, Hanzhong 723000, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bioresources Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development CIC, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China
| | - Dejing Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bioresources Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development CIC, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China
| | - Yafeng Dang
- Inspection and Testing Center of Food and Drug, Hanzhong 723000, China
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She Y, Liu Q, Xiong X, Li N, Zhang J. Erythrocyte Storage Lesion Improvements Mediated by Naringin Screened from Vegetable/Fruit Juice Using Cell Extract and HPLC-MS. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2022; 2022:7556219. [PMID: 35530164 PMCID: PMC9072057 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7556219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In blood banking, storage at 4°C for weeks is known to cause damages to erythrocytes, called storage lesions that may later cause transfusion-related adverse events. In previous experiments, we found that vegetable/fruit juices can effectively reduce the storage lesion. Currently, we attempt to analyze the potential bioactive components and test whether the compounds can improve the storage lesions of erythrocytes. Equal portions in wet weight of 20 fresh vegetables and fruits were blended with phosphate buffered solution (PBS), and clear solutions were produced as additive to the packed erythrocytes from consented blood donors at 1 : 10 ratio (ml : gram). The blood samples were stored for 35 days at 4°C, and the supernatants were performed high liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis at 0 days, 14 days, and 35 days. The blood bags supplemented with identified bioactive components were stored in a refrigerator for 35 days, and the morphology, complete blood count (CBC), phosphatidylserine (PS) extroversion, hemolysis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured at the end of storage. Five potential bioactive components from vegetable/fruit juices contributed to the improvements of storage lesion. One of the compounds was unequivocally identified as naringin, and two were tentatively assigned as vitexin 6″-O-malonyl 2″-O-xyloside and luteolin 7-(6″-malonyl neohesperidoside). Naringin alleviated the storage lesion of red blood cells (RBCs) by reducing ROS levels and living cell extraction with HPLC-MS is a simple, reliable, and effective method for screening potential bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi She
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410002, China
| | - Xiyue Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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Nathu H, Mbuyama KR, Adarkwah-Yiadom M, Serem JC, Ibrahim MA, Duodu KG, Gaspar ARM, Bester MJ. Antioxidant properties and inhibition of lipid formation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes of in vitro digested mageu, a commercial sample. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13929. [PMID: 34519069 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mageu is a fermented, non-alcoholic maize-derived product unique to southern Africa. The aim of this study was to identify the health benefits of a polyphenolic extract of commercially produced mageu related to the antioxidant properties and effects on lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. A pooled sample of mageu Number 1 brand (original non-flavored) was subjected to in vitro gastroduodenal digestion (GDD). Reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography of unfractionated undigested (UD) and GDD mageu revealed that with digestion there was an increased extraction of 1.2, 1.83, 1.45, 4.86, and 3.17-fold of caffeic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, 4 hydroxybenzoic acid and ferulic acid, respectively. An associated increase in the total phenolic acid content and antioxidant activity in the <3 kDa fraction was obtained. In contrast with digestion, inhibition of advanced glycation end products formation and low-density lipoprotein oxidation was found in the <30 kDa fraction indicating the contribution of larger, possibly feruloylated polysaccharides, to activity. Cellular antioxidant activity in Caco-2 cells was >90% for all UD fractions, but with GDD was reduced. All fractions had low scavenging of nitric oxide in the lipopolysaccharide/murine cell model. Exposure of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to all the UD and GDD mageu fractions (at 1% and 10% concentrations) during differentiation resulted in at least a 35% reduction in lipid accumulation, which was not associated with a loss of cellular viability. In conclusion, mageu, UD, and subjected to GDD contains phenolic acids with beneficial bioactive properties that contribute to antioxidant activity and reduces lipid accumulation in adipocytes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Mageu is a non-alcoholic fermented maize product which when digested has increased bioactivity. Its reported health benefits are due to its caloric content therefore the practical application of this research is to validate the scientific benefits of this food and encourage increased consumption of this functional food. This is especially important in the context of the South African population where this product is widely consumed as increasing obesity is associated with an increased risk of non-communicable disease. Furthermore, as a non-alcoholic drink, consumption can be promoted for all ages' groups and religions, and a commercialized manufacture processes can be optimized to increase phenolic acid release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleema Nathu
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kabuzi R Mbuyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Martin Adarkwah-Yiadom
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - June C Serem
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Kwaku G Duodu
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Anabella R M Gaspar
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Megan J Bester
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Comparison between In Vitro Chemical and Ex Vivo Biological Assays to Evaluate Antioxidant Capacity of Botanical Extracts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071136. [PMID: 34356369 PMCID: PMC8301118 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-oxidative activity of plant-derived extracts is well-known and confers health-promoting effects on functional foods and food supplements. Aim of this work is to evaluate the capability of two different assays to predict the real biological antioxidant efficiency. At this purpose, extracts from five different plant-derived matrices and commercial purified phytochemicals were analyzed for their anti-oxidative properties by using well-standardized in vitro chemical method (TEAC) and an ex vivo biological assay. The biological assay, a cellular membrane system obtained from erythrocytes of healthy volunteers, is based on the capability of phytochemicals treatment to prevent membrane lipid peroxidation under oxidative stress by UV-B radiation. Plant extracts naturally rich in phenols with different structure and purified phytochemicals showed different in vitro and ex vivo antioxidant capacities. A high correlation between phenolic contents of the plant-derived extracts and their ability to prevent oxidative injuries in a biological system was found, thus underlying the relevance of this class of metabolites in preventing oxidative stress. On the other hand, a low correlation between the antioxidant capacities was shown between in vitro and ex vivo antioxidant assay. Moreover, data presented in this work show how food complex matrices are more effective in preventing oxidative damages at biological level than pure phytochemicals, even if for these latter, the antioxidant activity was generally higher than that observed for food complex matrices.
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Chen X, Li H, Zhang B, Deng Z. The synergistic and antagonistic antioxidant interactions of dietary phytochemical combinations. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5658-5677. [PMID: 33612011 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1888693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The frequent intake of whole foods and dietary food variety is recommended due to their health benefits, such as prevention of multiple chronic diseases, including cancer, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Often, consuming whole fruits or vegetables showed the enhanced effects than consuming the individual dietary supplement from natural products, which is widely explained by the interactive effects of co-existing phytochemicals in whole foods. Although research relevant to interactive effects among the bioactive compounds mounted up, the mechanism of interaction is still not clear. Especially, biological influence factors such as bioavailability are often neglected. The present review summarizes the progress on the synergistic and antagonistic effects of dietary phytochemicals, the evaluating models for antioxidant interactions, and the possible interaction mechanisms both in vitro and in vivo, and with an emphasis on biological-related molecular mechanisms of phytochemicals. The research on the interaction mechanism is of value for guiding how to take advantage of synergistic effects and avoid antagonistic effects in daily diets or phytochemical-based treatments for preventing chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Jiangxi, China Nanchang
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Jiangxi, China Nanchang
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Jiangxi, China Nanchang
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Jiangxi, China Nanchang.,Institute for Advanced Study, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Rout D, Chandra Dash U, Kanhar S, Swain SK, Sahoo AK. The modulatory role of prime identified compounds in the bioactive fraction of Homalium zeylanicum in high-fat diet fed-streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 260:113099. [PMID: 32535241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Homalium zeylanicum (Gardner) Benth. is a medicinal plant traditionally used in controlling diabetes which thus far has been assessed by the authors only to a very limited extent. PURPOSE To fill the research gap in the literature review, we investigated the antihyperglycemic effects of hydro alcohol fraction of bark of H. zeylanicum (HAHZB) by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation in high-fat diet fed-streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced type-2 diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS To understand the antioxidant capacity of HAHZB, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and cell-based antioxidant protection in erythrocytes (CAP-e) were performed. GC-MS/MS analysis was performed to assess the bioactive components in HAHZB. HFD/STZ-induced diabetic rats were treated orally with HAHZB (300 and 400 mg/kg) for 28 days. After the end of the experiment, marker profiling and histopathological observation of blood and pancreas were examined. The study also highlights interaction between diabetes, oxidative stress and inflammation by examining the increased pro-inflammatory cytokines e.g. TNF-α and C-reactive protein (CRP) promotes DNA damage e.g. oxidation of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in chronic hyperglycaemia. RESULTS In ex vivo cellular antioxidant capacity of -CAP-e and ORAC assays, HAHZB showed remarkable free radical scavenging ability in a dose dependent manner. GC-MS/MS analysis identified 28 no. of compounds and out of which, oleic acid (1.03%), ethyl tridecanoate (11.77%), phytol (1.29), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, (E,E)-(5.97%), stigmasterol (1.30%) and β-sitosterol (2.86%) have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities. HAHZB 400 mg/kg significantly (p < 0.001) improved the lipid profile (TC: 74.66 ± 0.59, HDL-C: 22.08 ± 0.46, LDL-C: 38.06 ± 0.69, and TG: 171.92 ± 1.01 mg/dL) as well as restoring antidiabetic markers (SG: 209.62 ± 1.05 mg/dL, SI: 15.07 ± 0.11 μIU/mL, HOMA-IR: 7.79 ± 0.04 %, and HbA1C: 8.93 ± 0.03 %) and renal functional markers (Tg: 291.26 ± 0.57 pg/mL, BUN: 23.79 ± 0.14 mg/dL, and Cr: 1.34 ± 0.04 mg/dL) in diabetic rats. Oxidative stress markers of pancreas (MDA: 3.65 ± 0.17 nM TBARS /mg protein, SOD: 3.14 ± 0.28 U/mg protein, CAT: 7.88 ± 0.23 U/mg protein, GSH: 12.63 ± 0.28 µM/g of tissue) were restored to normal as evidenced by histological architecture of pancreatic islet cells. The increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative DNA damage were significantly restored (TNF-α: 54.48 ± 3.19 pg/mL, CRP: 440.22 ± 7.86 ng/mL, and 8-OHdG: 63.65 ± 1.84 ng/mL) by HAHZB in diabetic rats. CONCLUSION The present findings confirm that the presence of bioactive compounds in HAHZB exert therapeutic protective effect by decreasing oxidative, inflammation and pancreatic β-cell damage in oxidative stress induced diabetic rats.
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MESH Headings
- 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine/blood
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/isolation & purification
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Cytokines/blood
- DNA Damage
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Female
- Hypoglycemic Agents/isolation & purification
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Inflammation Mediators/blood
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/drug effects
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/pathology
- Male
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Plant Bark
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Rats, Wistar
- Salicaceae/chemistry
- Streptozocin
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeptimayee Rout
- Regional Plant Resource Centre, Medicinal & Aromatic Plant Division, Forest & Environment Department, Govt. of Odisha, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, 751015, India
| | - Umesh Chandra Dash
- Regional Plant Resource Centre, Medicinal & Aromatic Plant Division, Forest & Environment Department, Govt. of Odisha, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, 751015, India
| | - Satish Kanhar
- Regional Plant Resource Centre, Medicinal & Aromatic Plant Division, Forest & Environment Department, Govt. of Odisha, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, 751015, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Swain
- Regional Plant Resource Centre, Medicinal & Aromatic Plant Division, Forest & Environment Department, Govt. of Odisha, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, 751015, India
| | - Atish Kumar Sahoo
- Regional Plant Resource Centre, Medicinal & Aromatic Plant Division, Forest & Environment Department, Govt. of Odisha, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, 751015, India.
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Identification of Six Flavonoids as Novel Cellular Antioxidants and Their Structure-Activity Relationship. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4150897. [PMID: 33014269 PMCID: PMC7525318 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4150897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed at determining the relationship of flavonoid structures to their chemical and intracellular antioxidant activities. The antioxidant activities of 60 flavonoids were investigated by three different antioxidant assays, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC), and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assays. The result showed 6 flavonoids as good cellular antioxidants evaluated for the first time. The cellular antioxidant activities of compounds 7-methoxy-quercetin, 3-O-methylquercetin, 8-hydroxy-kaempferol, quercetin-3-O-α-arabinofuranose, kaempferol-7-O-glucopyranoside, and luteolin6-C-glucoside were linked with the upregulation of antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase). A structure-activity relationship suggested that 2,3-double bond, 4-keto groups, 3′,4′-catechol structure, and 3-hydroxyl in the flavonoid skeleton played important roles in the antioxidant behavior. Furthermore, the cell proliferative assay revealed a low cytotoxicity for 3-O-methylquercetin. The present results provide valuable information for the dietary application of flavonoids with different structures for high antioxidant.
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Jaggan M, Mu T, Sun H. The effect of potato (
Solanum tuberosum
L.) cultivars on the sensory, nutritional, functional, and safety properties of French fries. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Jaggan
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing China
| | - Taihua Mu
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing China
| | - Hongnan Sun
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing China
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Arouna N, Gabriele M, Pucci L. The Impact of Germination on Sorghum Nutraceutical Properties. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091218. [PMID: 32887248 PMCID: PMC7555581 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorghum is a gluten-free cereal representing a staple food in many countries of Africa, where germination is traditionally used for the preparation of several sorghum-based products. This study focused on the effect of germination on total phenolic content, in vitro and ex vivo antioxidant activity, and antihypertensive action of sorghum from Togo. Total phenolic content was estimated as Folin–Ciocalteu reducing capacity, while antioxidant activities were assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) in vitro tests and ex vivo by the cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assay on human erythrocytes. The antihypertensive effect of germinated and non-germinated sorghum peptides fraction was evaluated as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. Despite our findings demonstrated no impact of germination on the total phenolic content, non-germinated sorghum showed significantly higher in vitro antioxidant activities than the germinated one; further, non-germinated sorghum displayed significantly higher ACE inhibition than germinated sorghum that, instead, at lower doses, exhibited better erythrocytes protection from peroxyl radicals. In conclusion, the germination process negatively impacted the in vitro antioxidant activity and the antihypertensive effect of sorghum while improved erythrocytes protection. This study evidenced better nutraceutical potential of non-germinated sorghum that, besides good antioxidant activity, represents an important source of ACE-inhibitory peptides. However, the germination process might have positively impacted the profile of bioactive compounds involved in the protection of human erythrocytes from oxidative damage.
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Ninfali P, Antonelli A, Magnani M, Scarpa ES. Antiviral Properties of Flavonoids and Delivery Strategies. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092534. [PMID: 32825564 PMCID: PMC7551920 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the latest advancements in phytochemicals as functional antiviral agents. We focused on flavonoids, like apigenin, vitexin, quercetin, rutin and naringenin, which have shown a wide range of biological effects including antiviral activities. The molecular mechanisms of their antiviral effects mainly consist in the inhibition of viral neuraminidase, proteases and DNA/RNA polymerases, as well as in the modification of various viral proteins. Mixtures of different flavonoids or combination of flavonoids with antiviral synthetic drugs provide an enhancement of their antiviral effects. Recent strategies in drug delivery significantly contribute to overcoming the low bioavailability of flavonoids. Frequent viral infections worldwide have led to the need for new effective antiviral agents, which can be identified among the various phytochemicals. In this light, screening the antiviral activities of a cocktail of flavonoids would be advantageous in order to prevent viral infections and improve current antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mauro Magnani
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (E.S.S.); Tel.: +39-0722-305-211 (M.M.); +39-0722-305-252 (E.S.S.)
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13
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Diniz do Nascimento L, Barbosa de Moraes AA, Santana da Costa K, Pereira Galúcio JM, Taube PS, Leal Costa CM, Neves Cruz J, de Aguiar Andrade EH, Guerreiro de Faria LJ. Bioactive Natural Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils from Spice Plants: New Findings and Potential Applications. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10070988. [PMID: 32630297 PMCID: PMC7407208 DOI: 10.3390/biom10070988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spice plants have a great influence on world history. For centuries, different civilizations have used them to condiment the foods of kings and nobles and applied them as embalming preservatives, perfumes, cosmetics, and medicines in different regions of the world. In general, these plants have formed the basis of traditional medicine and some of their derived substances have been utilized to treat different human diseases. Essential oils (EOs) obtained from these plants have been also used as therapeutic agents and have shown supportive uses in remedial practices. The discovery and development of bioactive compounds from these natural products, based on their traditional uses, play an important role in developing the scientific evidence of their potential pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food applications. In the present review, using recent studies, we exhibit a general overview of the main aspects related to the importance of spice plants widely used in traditional medicine: Cinnamomum zeylanicum (true cinnamon), Mentha piperita (peppermint), Ocimum basilicum (basil), Origanum vulgare (oregano), Piper nigrum (black pepper), Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary), and Thymus vulgaris (thyme); and we discuss new findings of the bioactive compounds obtained from their EOs, their potential applications, as well as their molecular mechanisms of action, focusing on their antioxidant activity. We also exhibit the main in vitro methods applied to determine the antioxidant activities of these natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiane Diniz do Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Recursos Naturais da Amazônia, Instituto de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil;
- Laboratório Adolpho Ducke, Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém 66077-830, Brazil; (A.A.B.d.M.); (J.N.C.); (E.H.d.A.A.)
- Correspondence: or (L.D.d.N.); (K.S.d.C.); Tel.: +55-91-3217-6086 (L.D.d.N.); +55-93-2101-6771 (K.S.d.C.)
| | - Angelo Antônio Barbosa de Moraes
- Laboratório Adolpho Ducke, Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém 66077-830, Brazil; (A.A.B.d.M.); (J.N.C.); (E.H.d.A.A.)
| | - Kauê Santana da Costa
- Instituto de Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Vera Paz Street, w/n Salé, Santarém 68040-255, Brazil; (J.M.P.G.); (P.S.T.)
- Correspondence: or (L.D.d.N.); (K.S.d.C.); Tel.: +55-91-3217-6086 (L.D.d.N.); +55-93-2101-6771 (K.S.d.C.)
| | - João Marcos Pereira Galúcio
- Instituto de Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Vera Paz Street, w/n Salé, Santarém 68040-255, Brazil; (J.M.P.G.); (P.S.T.)
| | - Paulo Sérgio Taube
- Instituto de Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Vera Paz Street, w/n Salé, Santarém 68040-255, Brazil; (J.M.P.G.); (P.S.T.)
| | - Cristiane Maria Leal Costa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Química, Instituto de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil;
| | - Jorddy Neves Cruz
- Laboratório Adolpho Ducke, Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém 66077-830, Brazil; (A.A.B.d.M.); (J.N.C.); (E.H.d.A.A.)
| | - Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade
- Laboratório Adolpho Ducke, Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém 66077-830, Brazil; (A.A.B.d.M.); (J.N.C.); (E.H.d.A.A.)
| | - Lênio José Guerreiro de Faria
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Recursos Naturais da Amazônia, Instituto de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Química, Instituto de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil;
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14
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Yao Y, Wang H, Xu F, Zhang Y, Li Z, Ju X, Wang L. Insoluble-bound polyphenols of adlay seed ameliorate H 2O 2-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells via Nrf2 signalling. Food Chem 2020; 325:126865. [PMID: 32387991 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, protective effects of insoluble-bound polyphenol extracts from adlay seed against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells were investigated. Each fraction of insoluble-bound polyphenol extracts from adlay seed was obtained by separating with Sephadex LH-20 column and semi-preparative HPLC. Ferulic acid was found being the main active component of insoluble-bound polyphenol in adlay seed. The cytoprotective effects of ferulic acid against oxidative challenge were determined by cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen stress change in HepG2 cells, western blot and apoptosis by flow cytometry. Ferulic acid had a positive correlation with cell viability and a negative correlation with apoptosis. Ferulic acid treatment increased the activity of GSH-PX, CAT, γ-GCS. Moreover, the nuclear factor E2 related factor (Nrf2) protein expression in the ferulic acid group positively correlated with the HO-1, GCLC and NQO1 protein levels. Thus the results demonstrated that ferulic acid, the main active component of insoluble-bound polyphenol in adlay seed could ameliorate H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells via Nrf2 signalling. The research can provide a reference for the in-depth study of its regulatory mechanism and the development of antioxidant related functional food and health products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Yao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, No. 3 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongling Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, No. 3 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiran Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, No. 3 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, No. 3 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, No. 3 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingrong Ju
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, No. 3 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, No. 3 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Zhang H, Wang Z, Huang J, Cao J, Zhou Y, Zhou J. A Novel Thioredoxin-Dependent Peroxiredoxin (TPx-Q) Plays an Important Role in Defense Against Oxidative Stress and Is a Possible Drug Target in Babesia microti. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:76. [PMID: 32133382 PMCID: PMC7040034 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin peroxidases (TPxs) are ubiquitous cysteine-based peroxidases that reduce peroxides as part of antioxidant defenses and redox signaling and are essential for Babesia microti protection against adverse environment agents like reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). To better systematically understand TPxs, we identified a novel 2-Cys peroxiredoxin-Q (BmTPx-Q) of B. microti. The full-length BmTPx-Q gene is 653 bp that consists of an intact open reading frame of 594 bp that encodes a 197-amino acid protein. The predicted protein has a molecular weight of 22.3 kDa and an isoelectric point of 9.18. Moreover, BmTPx-Q showed low identity at the amino acid level to other peroxiredoxins (Prxs) among the currently known subfamilies. The recombinant BmTPx-Q protein (rBmTPx-Q) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified with beads. The native protein BmTPx-Q was detected using mouse anti-BmTPx-Q polyclonal serum with western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). In addition, enzyme activity was observed using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) as substrate and triggered the NADPH-dependent reduction of the Trx/TrxR system. It was also discovered that BmTPx-Q mainly exists as a monomer whether under its native or functional states. In addition, when incubated with Chloroquine diphosphate salt for 24 h in vitro, the expression of BmTPx-Q showed a marked downward trend with the increase of drug concentration. These results suggest that B. microti uses BmTPx-Q to reduce and detoxify hydrogen peroxides to survive and proliferate inside the host. Furthermore, BmTPx-Q showed the lowest identity with host enzymes and could be a potential drug target for the development of novel strategies to control B. microti infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houshuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongzhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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16
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Ravikumar S, Prabhu S, Vani R. Effects of L-carnitine on the erythrocytes of stored human blood. Transfus Med 2019; 30:215-225. [PMID: 31701585 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the effects of L-carnitine on oxidative stress in human erythrocytes during storage. BACKGROUND Using antioxidants as components of blood storage solutions may combat the effects of storage-induced oxidative stress on erythrocytes. METHODS Blood from male adults was stored at 4 °C for 55 days in citrate phosphate dextrose adenine solution, without L-carnitine (Control) and with L-carnitine as an additive (at concentrations of 10, 30 and 60 mM - Experiments). Every fifth day, erythrocyte markers (morphology, count, haemoglobin, haemolysis and osmotic fragility), antioxidant defences (antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity) and oxidative stress markers (superoxides, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation products) were analysed. RESULTS Oxidative damage was observed in controls (day 25 onwards) and in experiments (day 35 onwards). L-carnitine (10 and 30 mM) protected erythrocytes from damage up to day 35 by maintaining haemoglobin and lipid peroxidation, assisting antioxidant enzymes and increasing antioxidant capacity by elevating sulfhydryls and ascorbic acid. L-carnitine was beneficial in prolonging storage up to 55 days but could not prevent oxidative damage completely in terms of haemolysis and osmotic fragility. CONCLUSIONS L-carnitine ameliorated oxidative stress, but combinations with other antioxidants may provide comprehensive protection to erythrocytes during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Ravikumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Bengaluru, India
| | - Srinivasa Prabhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS) Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rajashekaraiah Vani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Bengaluru, India
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17
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Luo Z, Xu X, Zhao S, Sho T, Luo W, Zhang J, Xu W, Hon K, Xu J. Inclusion of microbe-derived antioxidant during pregnancy and lactation attenuates high-fat diet-induced hepatic oxidative stress, lipid disorders, and NLRP3 inflammasome in mother rats and offspring. Food Nutr Res 2019; 63:3504. [PMID: 34104129 PMCID: PMC8153845 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v63.3504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects of microbe-derived antioxidant (MA) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic lipid disorders in mother rats and offspring. Methods A total of 36 female rats were randomly divided into three groups at the beginning of pregnancy: the control group (CG), HFD, and HFD with 2% MA. Mother rats were slaughtered at the first and 10th day of lactation (L1 and L10) and offspring were slaughtered at L10. The plasma and liver of mother rats, and liver of offspring were collected. Results The results showed that MA reversed HFD-induced activities of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and antioxidative enzymes in liver of mother rats and offspring. In addition, MA reduced HFD-induced lipid accumulation through decreasing the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) content in plasma of mother rats and improving hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS) in mother rats and offspring. MA decreased HFD-induced hepatic alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity in liver of mother rats and offspring. Furthermore, MA reduced HFD-activated nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in liver of mother rats and offspring. Conclusions MA supplementation reversed HFD-induced hepatic oxidative stress, lipid accumulation, NLRP3 inflammasome, and function in mother rats and offspring, suggesting MA can be functional ingredients to improve maternal-fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Takami Sho
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenli Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weina Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kong Hon
- Shanghai Chuangbo Biotechnology Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxiong Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Complex Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity of Milk Thistle Dietary Supplements. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080317. [PMID: 31426591 PMCID: PMC6720444 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous in vitro assays are used to characterize the antioxidant properties of natural-based matrices. However, many of them generate contradictory and non-compliant results. In our study, we focused on the characterization of traditionally used biochemical (2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid) (ABTS), Oxygen Radical Absorption Capacity (ORAC), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)) and cellular (CAA) antioxidant tests on a broad set of milk thistle dietary supplements containing silymarin. In addition to 26 commercially available preparations, also the natural silymarin extract available from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA, and a model mixture of pure flavonoid/flavonolignans mimicking the silymarin composition were investigated as control samples. Significant differences in the antioxidant capacity of the supplements were observed. Unlike the DPPH, the results of the ABTS and ORAC methods correlated with the silymarin components determined by U-HPLC-HRMS/MS. The responses in CAA were considerably lower than in other assays. Silymarin exhibited a significantly higher antioxidant capacity than the artificially prepared flavonoid/flavonolignans mixture in all tests, indicating possible presence of other antioxidants of natural origin. The follow-up U-HPLC-HRMS/MS screening revealed the presence of tens of non-silymarin compounds with reported antioxidant activity (not only in the silymarin extract, but also in the milk thistle preparations). The sum of the total phenolics and the sum of the simple phenolics correlated with CAA results more than silymarin.
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19
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Chambers CS, Biedermann D, Valentová K, Petrásková L, Viktorová J, Kuzma M, Křen V. Preparation of Retinoyl-Flavonolignan Hybrids and Their Antioxidant Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8070236. [PMID: 31340489 PMCID: PMC6680806 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8070236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants protect the structural and functional components in organisms against oxidative stress. Most antioxidants are of plant origin as the plants are permanently exposed to oxidative stress (UV radiation, photosynthetic reactions). Both carotenoids and flavonoids are prominent antioxidant and anti-radical agents often occurring together in the plant tissues and acting in lipophilic and hydrophilic milieu, respectively. They are complementary in their anti-radical activity. This study describes the synthesis of a series of hybrid ester conjugates of retinoic acid with various flavonolignans, such as silybin, 2,3-dehydrosilybin and isosilybin. Antioxidant/anti-radical activities and bio-physical properties of novel covalent carotenoid-flavonoid hybrids, as well as various mixtures of the respective parent components, were investigated. Retinoyl conjugates with silybin—which is the most important flavonolignan in silymarin complex—(and its pure diastereomers) displayed better 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity than both the parent compounds and their equimolar mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Chambers
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Biedermann
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Valentová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Petrásková
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Viktorová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kuzma
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
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20
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Weng L, Li L, Ji L, Zhao D, Xu Z, Su J, Li B, Zhang X. Antioxidant Profile of 1-Monocaffeoyl Glycerol in Lipophobic/Lipophilic Media. J Food Sci 2019; 84:2091-2100. [PMID: 31313325 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been generally considered as one trigger of organism imbalance, resulting in lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and protein oxidation, which could be relieved by antioxidant supplement or endogenous antioxidant system. In present study, 1-monocaffeoyl glycerol (1-MCG), an amphipathic caffeic acid natural derivative, was enzymatically synthesized by Lipozyme 435, and its antioxidant profile in both lipophilic and lipophobic media was evaluated. The 1-MCG was identified by HPLC-UV, HPLC-ESI-MS, and 1 H/13 C-NMR. Subsequently, antioxidant assays in lipophilic (DPPH assay) and lipophobic (ABTS, ORAC, erythrocyte hemolysis, ROS, MDA, and GPx assays) systems were explored. The better and lasting DPPH· and ABTS+· inhibitions of 1-MCG than caffeic acid (CA) were related to its better solubilities in ethanol/water media and electron transfer ability. ORAC results suggested the radical scavenging activities of 1-MCG (5 to 40 µM) were higher than Trolox. Furthermore, the effectiveness of 1-MCG against AAPH-induced erythrocytes oxidation indicated that 1-MCG can effectively inhibit hemolysis. ESEM was also applied to verify the hemolysis inhibition and morphology preservation abilities of 1-MCG. Besides, results showed 1-MCG was able to prevent ROS from invasion, reduce production of MDA, up-regulated GPx activity, terminate lipid peroxidation, and maintain the integrity of the structure and function of erythrocytes. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: As an amphiphilic caffeic acid derivative, 1-monocaffeoyl glycerol was synthesized, purified, and identified. 1-Monocaffeoyl glycerol could significantly eliminate radicals including DPPH·, ABTS+· , and AAPH in ethanol, water, and PBS system, respectively. 1-Monocaffeoyl glycerol could protect erythrocyte from AAPH induced hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longmei Weng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and/ Product Safety, South China Univ. of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and/ Product Safety, South China Univ. of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan Univ. of Technology, College Road 1, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Lili Ji
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and/ Product Safety, South China Univ. of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Di Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhenbo Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and/ Product Safety, South China Univ. of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,Dept. of Microbial Pathogenesis, Dental School, Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jianyu Su
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and/ Product Safety, South China Univ. of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and/ Product Safety, South China Univ. of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and/ Product Safety, South China Univ. of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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21
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Antonini E, Iori R, Ninfali P, Scarpa ES. A Combination of Moringin and Avenanthramide 2f Inhibits the Proliferation of Hep3B Liver Cancer Cells Inducing Intrinsic and Extrinsic Apoptosis. Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:1159-1165. [PMID: 30204484 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1497672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Moringin (MOR), a glycosyl-isothiocyanate obtained by myrosinase-catalyzed hydrolysis of the precursor 4-(α-l-rhamnosyloxy)-benzyl glucosinolate (glucomoringin), found predominantly in the seeds of Moringa oleifera, shows anticancer effects against several cancer cell lines. Avenanthramide (AVN) 2f is a phytochemical purified from oats with antioxidant and anticancer properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of MOR and AVN 2f used alone and in combination on Hep3B cancer cells, which are highly resistant to conventional anticancer drugs. We found that a cocktail of MOR and AVN 2f significantly inhibited the Hep3B proliferation rate by markedly increasing the activity of caspases 2, 8, 9, and 3. Extrinsic apoptosis was induced by the AVN 2f-mediated activation of caspase 8, while the intrinsic apoptotic pathway was triggered by MOR-induced increase in the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species, MOR-mediated activation of caspases 2 and 9 and the MOR-mediated downregulation of the prosurvival gene BIRC5. Our results suggest that the combination MOR + AVN 2f could be an effective chemopreventive cocktail against the development of hepatocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Antonini
- a Department of Biomolecular Sciences , University of Urbino "Carlo Bo," Urbino (PU) , Italy
| | - Renato Iori
- b Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente (CREA-AA) , Bologna , Italy
| | - Paolino Ninfali
- a Department of Biomolecular Sciences , University of Urbino "Carlo Bo," Urbino (PU) , Italy
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Huang J, Xiong K, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Cao J, Zhou Y, Gong H, Zhou J. Babesia microti thioredoxin 3 is an effective antioxidant and involved in the response to antiprotozoal drugs. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 9:645-653. [PMID: 29472160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The intra-erythrocytic apicomplexan Babesia microti is the predominant pathogen that causes human babesiosis, an infectious disease that occurs worldwide. B. microti relies on the antioxidant including thioredoxin system to maintain the redox balance during the erythrocytic stage. In the present study, the full-length B. microti thioredoxin 3 (BmTrx3) gene was cloned, expressed in vitro, and its response to antiprotozoal drugs were tested. The full-length BmTrx3 was 663 bp and contained an intact open reading frame of 567 bp. The encoded polypeptide was 188 amino acids and the predicted molecular weight of the protein was 21.7 kDa. A conserved thioredoxin-like family domain was found in BmTrx3. The expression of BmTrx3 was upregulated on both the third and eighth day post-infection in mice, whereas expression was downregulated during the beginning and later stages. Western blot analysis showed that mouse anti-BmTrx3 serum could recognize the native BmTrx3 in parasite lysates and that the mouse anti-B. microti serum could recognize the recombinant BmTrx3 protein. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that BmTrx3 localized in the cell cytoplasm of B. microti merozoites in B. microti-infected red blood cells. The results of bovine insulin reduction assay indicated the enzyme activity of the purified recombinant BmTrx3 protein. The anti-malaria drug chloroquine significantly inhibited the expression of BmTrx3, however, another anti-malaria drug qunine, and a known anti-babesiosis drug clindamycin, induced significantly higher upregulation of BmTrx3 mRNA. The results of the present study demonstrate that BmTrx3 is a functional enzyme with antioxidant activity and may be involved in the response of B. microti to anti-parasite drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Kang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Houshuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Yanzhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Jie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Yongzhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Haiyan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Jinlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Huang J, Xiong K, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Cao J, Gong H, Zhou Y, Zhou J. Molecular characterization of Babesia microti thioredoxin (BmTrx2) and its expression patterns induced by antiprotozoal drugs. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:38. [PMID: 29335000 PMCID: PMC5769273 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2619-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human babesiosis is an infectious disease that is epidemic in various regions all over the world. The predominant causative pathogen of this disease is the intra-erythrocytic parasite Babesia microti. The thioredoxin system is one of the major weapons that is used in the resistance to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) produced by host immune system. In other intra-erythrocytic apicomplexans like the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, anti-oxidative proteins are promising targets for the development of anti-parasitic drugs. However, to date, the sequences and biological properties of thioredoxins and thioredoxin-like molecules of B. microti remain unknown. Understanding the molecular characterization and function of B. microti thioredoxins may help to develop anti-Babesia drugs and controlling babesiosis. Methods The full-length B. microti thioredoxin 2 (BmTrx2) gene was obtained using a rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method, and the deduced BmTrx2 amino acid sequence was analyzed using regular bioinformatics tools. Recombinant BmTrx2 protein was expressed in vitro and purified using His-tag protein affinity chromatography resins. Reverse transcription PCR, quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were employed to detect the expression and native proteins of BmTrx2. Indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to localize BmTrx2 in B. microti. Bovine insulin reduction assays were used to determine the enzyme activity of the purified recombinant BmTrx2 protein. Results The full-length BmTrx2 was 564 bp with a 408 bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 135 amino acids. The predicted molecular weight of the protein was 15.5 kDa. A conserved thioredoxin-like family domain was found in BmTrx2. The expression of BmTrx2 was upregulated on both the third and eighth day post-infection in mice, whereas expression was downregulated during the beginning and later stages. The results of Western blot analysis showed the native BmTrx2 in parasite lysates could be detected by mouse anti-BmTrx2 serum and that the recombinant BmTrx2 protein could be recognized by serum of B. microti-infected mice. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that BmTrx2 localized in the cell cytoplasm of B. microti merozoites in B. microti-infected red blood cells. The results of bovine insulin reduction assay indicated the purified recombinant BmTrx2 protein possesses antioxidant enzyme activity. Dihydroartemisinin and quinine, known anti-malaria drugs, and clindamycin, a known anti-babesiosis drug, induced significantly higher upregulation of BmTrx2 mRNA. Conclusions Our results indicate that BmTrx2 is a functional enzyme with antioxidant activity and may be involved in the response of B. microti to anti-parasite drugs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2619-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Kang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Houshuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yanzhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Haiyan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yongzhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jinlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Huang Q, Cao J, Zhou Y, Huang J, Gong H, Zhang H, Zhu XQ, Zhou J. Babesia microti Aldo-keto Reductase-Like Protein Involved in Antioxidant and Anti-parasite Response. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2006. [PMID: 29075254 PMCID: PMC5641555 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intraerythrocytic apicomplexan Babesia microti is the primary causative agent of human babesiosis, which is an infectious disease that occurs in various regions around the world. Although the aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) of this parasite have been sequenced and annotated, their biological properties remain unknown. AKRs are a superfamily of enzymes with diverse functions in the reduction of aldehydes and ketones. In the present study, we cloned the full-length cDNA of a B. microti aldo-keto reductase-like protein (BmAKR) and analyzed the deduced amino acid sequence of the BmAKR protein. This protein has a conserved AKR domain with an N-terminal signal sequence. Bmakr was upregulated on the 8th day after infection, whereas it was downregulated during the later stages. The recombinant protein of BmAKR was expressed in a glutathione S-transferase-fused soluble form in Escherichia coli. Western blot analysis showed that the mouse anti-BmAKR antibody recognized native BmAKR from a parasite lysate. Immunofluorescence microscopy localized BmAKR to the cytoplasm of B. microti merozoites in mouse RBCs in this study. Bmakr expression was significantly upregulated in the presence of oxidant stress. Atovaquone, a known anti-babesiosis drug, and robenidine, a known anti-coccidiosis drug, induced upregulation of Bmakr mRNA, thereby suggesting that Bmakr may be involved in anti-parasite drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongzhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Houshuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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Ninfali P, Antonini E, Frati A, Scarpa ES. C-Glycosyl Flavonoids from Beta vulgaris Cicla and Betalains from Beta vulgaris rubra: Antioxidant, Anticancer and Antiinflammatory Activities-A Review. Phytother Res 2017; 31:871-884. [PMID: 28464411 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The green beet (Beta vulgaris var. cicla L.) and red beetroot (B. vulgaris var. rubra L.) contain phytochemicals that have beneficial effects on human health. Specifically, the green beet contains apigenin, vitexin, vitexin-2-O-xyloside and vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside, while the red beetroot is a source of betaxanthins and betacyanins. These phytochemicals show considerable antioxidant activity, as well as antiinflammatory and antiproliferative activities. Vitexin-2-O-xyloside, in combination with betaxanthins and betacyanins, exerts antiproliferative activity in breast, liver, colon and bladder cancer cell lines, through the induction of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. A significant body of evidence also points to the role of these phytochemicals in the downregulation of the pro-survival genes, baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 and catenin beta-1, as well as the genes controlling angiogenesis, hypoxia inducible factor 1A and vascular endothelial growth factor A. The multi-target action of these phytochemicals enhances their anticancer activity. Vitexin-2-O-xyloside, betaxanthins and betacyanins can be used in combination with conventional anticancer drugs to reduce their toxicity and overcome the multidrug resistance of cancer cells. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms that enable these dietary phytochemicals to block the proliferation of tumor cells and inhibit their pro-survival pathways. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolino Ninfali
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo', via Saffi, 2, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Elena Antonini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo', via Saffi, 2, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Alessandra Frati
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo', via Saffi, 2, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Emanuele-Salvatore Scarpa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo', via Saffi, 2, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
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Nanoincorporation of bioactive compounds from red grape pomaces: In vitro and ex vivo evaluation of antioxidant activity. Int J Pharm 2017; 523:159-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Evaluation and Application of a Novel Quantitative Antioxidant Activity Assay Based on Cellular Metabolomics. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Xu DP, Li Y, Meng X, Zhou T, Zhou Y, Zheng J, Zhang JJ, Li HB. Natural Antioxidants in Foods and Medicinal Plants: Extraction, Assessment and Resources. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E96. [PMID: 28067795 PMCID: PMC5297730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 464] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural antioxidants are widely distributed in food and medicinal plants. These natural antioxidants, especially polyphenols and carotenoids, exhibit a wide range of biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-atherosclerosis and anticancer. The effective extraction and proper assessment of antioxidants from food and medicinal plants are crucial to explore the potential antioxidant sources and promote the application in functional foods, pharmaceuticals and food additives. The present paper provides comprehensive information on the green extraction technologies of natural antioxidants, assessment of antioxidant activity at chemical and cellular based levels and their main resources from food and medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ping Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ya Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xiao Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Tong Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Yue Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Jie Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Jiao-Jiao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Kilani-Jaziri S, Mokdad-Bzeouich I, Krifa M, Nasr N, Ghedira K, Chekir-Ghedira L. Immunomodulatory and cellular anti-oxidant activities of caffeic, ferulic, and p-coumaric phenolic acids: a structure-activity relationship study. Drug Chem Toxicol 2016; 40:416-424. [PMID: 27855523 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2016.1252919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have been performed to assess the potential utility of natural products as immunomodulatory agents to enhance host responses and to reduce damage to the human body. To determine whether phenolic compounds (caffeic, ferulic, and p-coumaric acids) have immunomodulatory effects and clarify which types of immune effector cells are stimulated in vitro, we evaluated their effect on splenocyte proliferation and lysosomal enzyme activity. We also investigated the activity of natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). In addition, induction of the cellular antioxidant activity in splenocytes, macrophages, and red blood cells was determined by measuring the fluorescence of the DCF product. The study first results indicated that caffeic, ferulic, and p-coumaric acids significantly promote LPS-stimulated splenocyte proliferation, suggesting a potential activation of B cells, and enhanced humoral immune response in hosts treated by the tested natural products. Phenolic acids significantly enhanced the killing activity of isolated NK and CTL cells but had negligible effects on mitogen-induced proliferation of splenic T cells. We showed that caffeic acid enhances lysosomal enzyme activity in murine peritoneal macrophages, suggesting a potential role in activating such cells. Immunomodulatory activity was concomitant with the cellular antioxidant effect in macrophages and splenocytes of caffeic and ferulic acids. We conclude from this study that caffeic, ferulic, and p-coumaric acids exhibited an immunomodulatory effect which could be ascribed, in part, to their cytoprotective effect via their antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, these results suggest that these natural products could be potentially used to modulate immune cell functions in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Kilani-Jaziri
- a Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology , Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia and.,b Unit of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Imen Mokdad-Bzeouich
- a Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology , Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia and.,b Unit of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Mounira Krifa
- a Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology , Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia and.,b Unit of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Nouha Nasr
- a Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology , Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia and.,b Unit of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Kamel Ghedira
- b Unit of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Leila Chekir-Ghedira
- a Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology , Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia and.,b Unit of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
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The impact of mycorrhizal fungi on Sangiovese red wine production: Phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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WADA M, KURODA N, NAKASHIMA K. Analysis of Ingredients and Assessments of the Functionalities in Functional Foods and Supplements. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2016. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.65.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro WADA
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare
| | - Naotaka KURODA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
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Hayano-Kanashiro C, Gámez-Meza N, Medina-Juárez LÁ. Wild Pepper Capsicum annuum
L. var. glabriusculum
: Taxonomy, Plant Morphology, Distribution, Genetic Diversity, Genome Sequencing, and Phytochemical Compounds. CROP SCIENCE 2016; 56:1-11. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.2135/cropsci2014.11.0789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Corina Hayano-Kanashiro
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la; Universidad de Sonora; Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n., Colonia Centro, C.P. 83000 Hermosillo Sonora México
| | - Nohemí Gámez-Meza
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la; Universidad de Sonora; Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n., Colonia Centro, C.P. 83000 Hermosillo Sonora México
| | - Luis Ángel Medina-Juárez
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la; Universidad de Sonora; Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n., Colonia Centro, C.P. 83000 Hermosillo Sonora México
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Kilani-Jaziri S, Mustapha N, Mokdad-Bzeouich I, El Gueder D, Ghedira K, Ghedira-Chekir L. Flavones induce immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects by activating cellular anti-oxidant activity: a structure-activity relationship study. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6571-9. [PMID: 26638168 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids impart a variety of biological activities, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-genotoxic effects. This study investigated the effects of flavone luteolin and apigenin on immune cell functions, including proliferation, natural killer (NK) cell activity, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity of isolated murine splenocytes. We report for the first time that flavones enhance lymphocyte proliferation at 10 μM. Luteolin and apigenin significantly promote lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated splenocyte proliferation and enhance humoral immune responses. Luteolin induces a weak cell proliferation of lectin-stimulated splenic T cells, when compared to apigenin. In addition, both flavones significantly enhance NK cell and CTL activities. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that both flavones could inhibit lysosomal enzyme activity, suggesting a potential anti-inflammatory effect. The anti-inflammatory activity was concomitant with the cellular anti-oxidant effect detected in macrophages, red blood cells, and splenocytes. We conclude from this study that flavones exhibited an immunomodulatory effect which could be ascribed, in part, to its cytoprotective capacity via its anti-oxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Kilani-Jaziri
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
- Unit of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Nadia Mustapha
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Unit of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Imen Mokdad-Bzeouich
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Unit of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Dorra El Gueder
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Unit of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Ghedira
- Unit of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Leila Ghedira-Chekir
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Unit of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR12ES12, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Ma M, Mu T. Modification of deoiled cumin dietary fiber with laccase and cellulase under high hydrostatic pressure. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 136:87-94. [PMID: 26572332 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and enzyme (laccase and cellulase) treatment on the structural, physicochemical, and functional properties and antioxidant activity of deoiled cumin dietary fiber (DF). HHP-enzyme treatment increased the contents of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) (30.37 g/100g), monosaccharides (except for glucose), uronic acids, and total polyphenol. HHP-enzyme treatment altered the honey-comb structure of DF and generated new polysaccharides. DF modified by HHP-enzyme treatment exhibited improved water retention capacity (10.02 g/g), water swelling capacity (11.19 mL/g), fat and glucose absorption capacities (10.44 g/g, 22.18-63.54 mmol/g), α-amylase activity inhibition ration (37.95%), and bile acid retardation index (48.85-52.58%). The antioxidant activity of DF was mainly correlated to total polyphenol content (R=0.8742). Therefore, DF modified by HHP-enzyme treatment from deoiled cumin could be used as a fiber-rich ingredient in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmei Ma
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science, Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Taihua Mu
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science, Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Zhou D, Wang D, Yang L, Liu Z, Zhang Y. A Modified and Improved Assay Based on Microbial Test System (MTS) to Evaluate Antioxidant Activity. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0266-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Frassinetti S, Gabriele M, Caltavuturo L, Longo V, Pucci L. Antimutagenic and antioxidant activity of a selected lectin-free common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in two cell-based models. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 70:35-41. [PMID: 25631277 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-014-0453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Legumes and particularly beans are a key food of Mediterranean diet representing an important source of proteins, fiber, some minerals and vitamins and bioactive compounds. We evaluated the antioxidant and anti-mutagenic effects of a new fermented powder of a selected lectin-free and phaseolamin-enriched variety of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), named Lady Joy. Lady Joy lysate (Lys LJ) was studied in human erythrocytes and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells. The antioxidant and anti-hemolytic properties of Lys LJ, studied in an ex vivo erythrocytes system using the cellular antioxidant assay (CAA-RBC) and the hemolysis test, evidenced a dose-dependent antioxidant activity as well as a significant hemolysis inhibition. Besides, results evidenced that Lys LJ treatment significantly decreased the intracellular ROS concentration and mutagenesis induced by hydrogen peroxide in S. cerevisiae D7 strain. In conclusion, Lys LJ showed both an antimutagenic effect in yeast and a strong scavenging activity in yeast and human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Frassinetti
- National Research Council, Institute of Biology and Agricultural Biotechnology (IBBA), Pisa Unit, Research Area of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy,
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37
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Amorati R, Valgimigli L. Advantages and limitations of common testing methods for antioxidants. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:633-49. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.996146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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38
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Opara EI, Chohan M. Culinary herbs and spices: their bioactive properties, the contribution of polyphenols and the challenges in deducing their true health benefits. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:19183-202. [PMID: 25340982 PMCID: PMC4227268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151019183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbs and spices have been used for both culinary and medicinal purposes for centuries. Over the last decade, research into their role as contributors of dietary polyphenols, known to possess a number of properties associated with reducing the risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases, has increased. However, bearing in mind how these foods are consumed, normally in small quantities and in combination with other foods, it is unclear what their true benefit is from a health perspective. The aim of this review is to use the literature to discuss how preparative and digestive processes, bioavailability and interactions between foods may influence the bioactive properties of these foods, and whether or not polyphenols are responsible for these properties. Furthermore, this review aims to highlight the challenges that need to be addressed so as to determine the true benefits of these foods and the mechanisms of action that underpin their purported efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth I Opara
- School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK.
| | - Magali Chohan
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St. Mary's University, Waldegrave Road, Strawberry Hill, Twickenham TW1 4SX, UK.
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Sun H, Mu T, Xi L, Song Z. Effects of domestic cooking methods on polyphenols and antioxidant activity of sweet potato leaves. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:8982-8989. [PMID: 25152015 DOI: 10.1021/jf502328d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, effects of boiling, steaming, microwaving, baking, and frying on proximate composition, total and individual polyphenol contents, and antioxidant activity of sweet potato leaves were investigated. An increase of 9.44% in total polyphenol content was observed after steaming, whereas decreases of 30.51, 25.70, and 15.73% were noted after boiling, microwaving, and frying, respectively. Decreases of 63.82 and 32.35% in antioxidant activity were observed after boiling and microwaving, respectively, whereas increases of 81.40, 30.09, and 85.82% in antioxidant activity were observed after steaming, baking, and frying, respectively. Eight phenolic compounds were identified in sweet potato leaves. The correlation analysis between content of individual phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity suggested that antioxidant activity could be mainly attributed to 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and 3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid. It was suggested that steaming is a preferred method to maintain polyphenols and antioxidant activity of sweet potato leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongnan Sun
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science, Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , and Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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40
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Soumya R, Vani R. CUPRAC–BCS and antioxidant activity assays as reliable markers of antioxidant capacity in erythrocytes. Hematology 2014; 20:165-74. [DOI: 10.1179/1607845414y.0000000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar Soumya
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, Bangalore, India
| | - Rajashekharaiah Vani
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, Bangalore, India
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41
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Fardet A, Rock E. Toward a new philosophy of preventive nutrition: from a reductionist to a holistic paradigm to improve nutritional recommendations. Adv Nutr 2014; 5:430-46. [PMID: 25022992 PMCID: PMC4085191 DOI: 10.3945/an.114.006122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The reductionist approach has been predominant to date in human nutrition research and has unraveled some of the fundamental mechanisms at the basis of food nutrients (e.g., those that involve deficiency diseases). In Western countries, along with progress in medicine and pharmacology, the reductionist approach helped to increase life expectancy. However, despite 40 y of research in nutrition, epidemics of obesity and diabetes are growing each year worldwide, both in developed and developing countries, leading to a decrease in healthy life years. Yet, interactions between nutrition-health relations cannot be modeled on the basis of a linear cause-effect relation between 1 food compound and 1 physiologic effect but rather from multicausal nonlinear relations. In other words, explaining the whole from the specific by a bottom-up reductionist approach has its limits. A top-down approach becomes necessary to investigate complex issues through a holistic view before addressing any specific question to explain the whole. However, it appears that both approaches are necessary and mutually reinforcing. In this review, Eastern and Western research perspectives are first presented, laying out bases for what could be the consequences of applying a reductionist versus holistic approach to research in nutrition vis-à-vis public health, environmental sustainability, breeding, biodiversity, food science and processing, and physiology for improving nutritional recommendations. Therefore, research that replaces reductionism with a more holistic approach will reveal global and efficient solutions to the problems encountered from the field to the plate. Preventive human nutrition can no longer be considered as "pharmacology" or foods as "drugs."
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Fardet
- Department of Human Nutrition, INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; and Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Edmond Rock
- Department of Human Nutrition, INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; and Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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42
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Xu X, He J, Liu G, Diao X, Cao Y, Ye Q, Xu G, Mao W. Hemolysis assessment and antioxidant activity evaluation modified in an oxidized erythrocyte model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:2056-2061. [PMID: 24559119 DOI: 10.1021/jf4049935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced hemolysis is a commonly used model for antioxidant activity evaluation, and the hemolysis index is often presented as the absorbance of supernatant hemoglobin (Hb), which releases from injured cells. However, in previous studies, as an oxidation-sensitive protein, it has been recognized that Hb easily forms other types or substances, such as metHb, Heinz, and some fluorescent products. This study concerns whether Hb oxidation participated in H₂O₂-induced hemolysis and confirmed that the destruction of Hb under oxidizing condition had been a novel interfering factor that could reduce the absorbance in Hb quantitative detection. To correct the lower absorbance, the stable fluorescent products found in Hb degradation were selected, and the absorbance correction factor of 6.436 was drawn on the basis of the absorbance and fluorescent intensity. This correction factor obviously altered the results of both dose-dependent hemolysis of H₂O₂ and antioxidant activity. In addition, the assessment difference was innovatively discussed by altering the sequences of adding antioxidant and oxidant. These different sequences caused variations in hemolysis, indicating that multiple evaluations may be related to the antioxidant pathways which are necessary for more accurate bioactivity data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou University , 196 Huayang Western Road, Yangzhou 225127, China
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43
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Stockham K, Sheard A, Paimin R, Buddhadasa S, Duong S, Orbell JD, Murdoch T. Comparative studies on the antioxidant properties and polyphenolic content of wine from different growing regions and vintages, a pilot study to investigate chemical markers for climate change. Food Chem 2013; 140:500-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Nutritional and functional potential of Beta vulgaris cicla and rubra. Fitoterapia 2013; 89:188-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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45
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Zhou Q, Lu W, Niu Y, Liu J, Zhang X, Gao B, Akoh CC, Shi H, Yu LL. Identification and quantification of phytochemical composition and anti-inflammatory, cellular antioxidant, and radical scavenging activities of 12 Plantago species. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:6693-6702. [PMID: 23767948 DOI: 10.1021/jf401191q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-eight seed samples of 12 Plantago species were investigated for their chemical compositions and anti-inflammatory, cellular antioxidant, and radical scavenging properties. A new UPLC-UV procedure was developed and applied to quantify acteoside and geniposidic acid, the characteristic constituents of the genus Plantago. The amounts of acteoside and geniposidic acid ranged from 0.07 to 15.96 mg/g and from 0.05 to 10.04 mg/g in the tested samples, respectively. Furthermore, 26 compounds were tentatively identified by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS analysis. The Plantago samples significantly differed in their phytochemical compositions. The extracts of Plantago seeds also showed inhibitory effects on LPS-induced IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2 mRNA expression in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. Additionally, significant variations were observed among different samples on cellular antioxidant activities in HepG2 cells, as well as DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacities. The results from this study may be used to promote the use of the genus Plantago in improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
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Zhang D, Xie L, Wei Y, Liu Y, Jia G, Zhou F, Ji B. Development of a cell-based antioxidant activity assay using dietary fatty acid as oxidative stressor. Food Chem 2013; 141:347-56. [PMID: 23768367 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The existing cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assays always use chemical stressors [e.g. 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)] to initiate oxidative stress (OS), which is not accordance with the pathology of OS-related diseases. In contrast to previous cell models, an oleic acid (OA)-induced OS model of the HepG2 cells was developed in the current work. The antioxidant activities (AAs) of the 16 flavonoid standards in the CAAOA assay were significantly different from the results of the CAAAAPH and peroxyl radical-scavenging assays (PRSA). The AAs of these flavonoids in the PRSA were significantly associated with those of the CAAAAPH assay (r=0.848, P<0.01). On the other hand, isoflavones and epicatechin could significantly attenuate the OS in the CAAOA assay. However, the three flavonoids had no quantifiable AA in CAAAAPH and PRSA. The aforementioned results suggest that the CAAOA assay can probably better reflect the AAs of samples in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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47
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López-Alarcón C, Denicola A. Evaluating the antioxidant capacity of natural products: A review on chemical and cellular-based assays. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 763:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Revised: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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48
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Development of a simple 96-well plate method for evaluation of antioxidant activity based on the oxidative haemolysis inhibition assay (OxHLIA). Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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49
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Physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity and cellular protective effects of honeys from southern Africa. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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50
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Erythrocyte antioxidant protection of rose hips (Rosa spp.). OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:621579. [PMID: 22829958 PMCID: PMC3399354 DOI: 10.1155/2012/621579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Rose hips are popular in health promoting products as the fruits contain high content of bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate whether health benefits are attributable to ascorbic acid, phenols, or other rose-hip-derived compounds. Freeze-dried powder of rose hips was preextracted with metaphosphoric acid and the sample was then sequentially eluted on a C18 column. The degree of amelioration of oxidative damage was determined in an erythrocyte in vitro bioassay by comparing the effects of a reducing agent on erythrocytes alone or on erythrocytes pretreated with berry extracts. The maximum protection against oxidative stress, 59.4 ± 4.0% (mean ± standard deviation), was achieved when incubating the cells with the first eluted meta-phosphoric extract. Removal of ascorbic acid from this extract increased the protection against oxidative stress to 67.9 ± 1.9%. The protection from the 20% and 100% methanol extracts was 20.8 ± 8.2% and 5.0 ± 3.2%, respectively. Antioxidant uptake was confirmed by measurement of catechin by HPLC-ESI-MS in the 20% methanol extract. The fact that all sequentially eluted extracts studied contributed to protective effects on the erythrocytes indicates that rose hips contain a promising level of clinically relevant antioxidant protection.
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