1
|
Li M, Tang Q, Li S, Yang X, Zhang Y, Tang X, Huang P, Yin D. Inhibition of autophagy enhances the anticancer effect of Schisandrin B on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23585. [PMID: 37986106 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is among the most common malignant tumors worldwide and has a poor prognosis. Autophagy regulation has been proposed as a possible treatment option for HNSCC. Schisandrin B (Sch B) exerts anticancer effects by regulating apoptosis and autophagy, but the anticancer effect of Sch B in HNSCC remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Sch B on human Cal27 HNSCC cells and to further reveal its potential regulatory mechanisms. The anticancer effect of Sch B was evaluated in vitro by flow cytometry, clonogenic assays, and Western blot analysis. The regulatory mechanism of Sch B-induced apoptosis and autophagy was further explored by polymerase chain reaction, luciferase assay, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection. The results showed that Sch B significantly induced apoptosis and autophagy in Cal27 cells and that inhibition of autophagy enhanced the apoptotic effect of Sch B on Cal27 cells. Additionally, Sch B-activated autophagy in Cal27 cells was dependent on the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, and ROS acted as a regulator of the NF-B pathway. N-acetylcysteine, a scavenger of ROS, inhibited Sch B-dependent autophagy via the NF-κB pathway. Based on the results, Sch B is a potential therapeutic agent for HNSCC and activates the NF-κB pathway by increasing ROS production, which subsequently promotes autophagy in HNSCC cells. Therefore, the strategy of enhancing the anticancer effect of Sch B by inhibiting autophagy deserves further attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglai Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shisheng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinming Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiying Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Danhui Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bao T, Zhang X, Xie W, Wang Y, Li X, Tang C, Yang Y, Sun J, Gao J, Yu T, Zhao L, Tong X. Natural compounds efficacy in complicated diabetes: A new twist impacting ferroptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115544. [PMID: 37820566 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, as a way of cell death, participates in the body's normal physiological and pathological regulation. Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis may damage glucose-stimulated islets β Insulin secretion and programmed cell death of T2DM target organs are involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM and its complications. Targeting suppression of ferroptosis with specific inhibitors may provide new therapeutic opportunities for previously untreated T2DM and its target organs. Current studies suggest that natural bioactive compounds, which are abundantly available in drugs, foods, and medicinal plants for the treatment of T2DM and its target organs, have recently received significant attention for their various biological activities and minimal toxicity, and that many natural compounds appear to have a significant role in the regulation of ferroptosis in T2DM and its target organs. Therefore, this review summarized the potential treatment strategies of natural compounds as ferroptosis inhibitors to treat T2DM and its complications, providing potential lead compounds and natural phytochemical molecular nuclei for future drug research and development to intervene in ferroptosis in T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Bao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate school, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiangyuan Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate school, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weinan Xie
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate school, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Road, Jingyue National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Xiuyang Li
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Road, Jingyue National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- National Center for Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1478, Gongnong Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jiaqi Gao
- School of Qi-Huang Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, North 3rd Ring East Roa, Chaoyang Distric, Beijing 10010, China
| | - Tongyue Yu
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Meng B, Gao S, Chen J, Wang B, Mu Y, Liu Y, Wang Z, Chen W. A LC-MS/MS Method for Quantifying the Schisandrin B and Exploring Its Intracellular Exposure Correlating Antitumor Effect. J Anal Methods Chem 2023; 2023:8898426. [PMID: 37325704 PMCID: PMC10264713 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8898426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Schisandrin B (Sch.B) shows antineoplastic activity in colorectal cancer, but the mechanism is still obscure. The intracellular spatial distribution may be helpful in elucidating the mechanism. To investigate the intracellular drug distribution of Sch.B in cancer cells, a simple, rapid, and sensitive ultra-highperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was established for the determination of Sch.B in colorectal cancer cells. Warfarin was utilized as an internal standard. The sample pretreatment was carried out with protein precipitation using methanol. The analyte was separated on an Atlantis T3-C18 column (3 μm, 2.1∗100 mm) using gradient elution with a mobile phase comprised of methanol and 0.2% formic acid in water. The flow rate was 0.4 mL/min. The linear range of Sch.B was 20.0-1000.0 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient (R) more than 0.99. The matrix effect and recovery ranged from 88.01% to 94.59% and from 85.25% to 91.71%; the interday and intraday precision and accuracy, stability, specificity, carryover, matrix effect, and recovery all conformed to the requirements of pharmacopoeia. Cell viability and apoptosis assays demonstrated that Sch.B has an inhibitory effect in a dose-dependent way on HCT116 proliferation and achieved significant suppression at 75 μM (IC50). It was found that in HCT116 cell, nucleus, and mitochondria, exposure levels of Sch.B peaked at 36 h and then decreased, and mitochondria possessed more Sch.B than nucleus. These results may help to elucidate the antitumor effect of Sch.B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bosu Meng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Shouhong Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jihui Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
- School of Chemistry and Biology, Yichun College, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuhui Mu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Y, Wang P, Jin MX, Zhou YQ, Ye L, Zhu XJ, Li HF, Zhou M, Li Y, Li S, Liang KY, Wang Y, Gao Y, Pan MX, Zhou SQ, Peng Q. Schisandrin B Improves the Hypothermic Preservation of Celsior Solution in Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:447-459. [PMID: 36947320 PMCID: PMC10219924 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) have emerged as promising therapy for immune and inflammatory diseases. However, how to maintain the activity and unique properties during cold storage and transportation is one of the key factors affecting the therapeutic efficiency of hUCMSCs. Schisandrin B (SchB) has many functions in cell protection as a natural medicine. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of SchB on the hypothermic preservation of hUCMSCs. METHODS hUCMSCs were isolated from Wharton's jelly. Subsequently, hUCMSCs were exposed to cold storage (4 °C) and 24-h re-warming. After that, cells viability, surface markers, immunomodulatory effects, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial integrity, apoptosis-related and antioxidant proteins expression level were evaluated. RESULTS SchB significantly alleviated the cells injury and maintained unique properties such as differentiation potential, level of surface markers and immunomodulatory effects of hUCMSCs. The protective effects of SchB on hUCMSCs after hypothermic storage seemed associated with its inhibition of apoptosis and the anti-oxidative stress effect mediated by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate SchB could be used as an agent for hypothermic preservation of hUCMSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Peng Wang
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Mei-Xian Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Ying-Qi Zhou
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Liang Ye
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First People's Hospital of Kashi, Kashi, 844000, China
| | - Hui-Fang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First People's Hospital of Kashi, Kashi, 844000, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, First People's Hospital of Kashi, Kashi, 844000, China
| | - Yang Li
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Shao Li
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Kang-Yan Liang
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Yi Wang
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Yi Gao
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Ming-Xin Pan
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Shu-Qin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Qing Peng
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang R, Luo S, Zhao T, Wu M, Huang L, Zhang L, Huang Y, Gao H, Sun X, Gong T, Zhang Z. Scavenger receptor A-mediated nanoparticles target M1 macrophages for acute liver injury. Asian J Pharm Sci 2023; 18:100813. [PMID: 37274920 PMCID: PMC10238850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver injury (ALI) has an elevated fatality rate due to untimely and ineffective treatment. Although, schisandrin B (SchB) has been extensively used to treat diverse liver diseases, its therapeutic efficacy on ALI was limited due to its high hydrophobicity. Palmitic acid-modified serum albumin (PSA) is not only an effective carrier for hydrophobic drugs, but also has a superb targeting effect via scavenger receptor-A (SR-A) on the M1 macrophages, which are potential therapeutic targets for ALI. Compared with the common macrophage-targeted delivery systems, PSA enables site-specific drug delivery to reduce off-target toxicity. Herein, we prepared SchB-PSA nanoparticles and further assessed their therapeutic effect on ALI. In vitro, compared with human serum albumin encapsulated SchB nanoparticles (SchB-HSA NPs), the SchB-PSA NPs exhibited more potent cytotoxicity on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated Raw264.7 (LAR) cells, and LAR cells took up PSA NPs 8.79 times more than HSA NPs. As expected, the PSA NPs also accumulated more in the liver. Moreover, SchB-PSA NPs dramatically reduced the activation of NF-κB signaling, and significantly relieved inflammatory response and hepatic necrosis. Notably, the high dose of SchB-PSA NPs improved the survival rate in 72 h of ALI mice to 75%. Hence, SchB-PSA NPs are promising to treat ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shiqing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xia Z, Sun G. Blocking RIPK2 Function Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Regulating the AKT and NF-κB Pathways. Immunol Invest 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37128885 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2203715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation and oxidation brought on by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury lead to cardiomyocyte apoptosis and necrosis. The receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (RIPK2) plays significant roles in oxidative stress and excessive inflammation. The purpose of this research is to examine the roles of RIPK2 in MI/R injury. METHODS The in vivo animal model was constructed by acute coronary I/R, and the in vitro cell model was established by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-stimulated cardiomyocyte injury. RIPK2 expression was examined using qRT-PCR and Western blot. CCK-8 was proposed as a method for detecting cell proliferation. ELISA was utilized to measure inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and myocardial injury indicators (CK-MB, Mb, cTnI, and LDH). The levels of MDA and ROS were determined by the kit and fluorescent probe. H&E was conducted to assess MI/R injury after silencing of RIPK2. RESULTS In MI/R rats and OGD/R-treated H9C2 cardiomyocytes, RIPK2 was overexpressed at both the mRNA and protein levels. RIPK2 inhibition promoted cell proliferation while inhibiting apoptosis, as evidenced by decreased TUNEL-positive cells and cleaved caspase-3. RIPK2 inhibition reduced MDA and ROS levels, as well as the contents of inflammatory factors. RIPK2 silencing reduced CK-MB, Mb, cTnI, and LDH levels in rat serum and alleviated MI/R injury. Furthermore, RIPK2 inhibition increased p-AKT while decreasing NF-B p-p65 expression. CONCLUSION Silencing of RIPK2 reduced apoptosis, proinflammatory factors, and oxidative stress in MI/R by activating AKT and suppressing NF-κB signals, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for MI/R injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xia
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. china
| | - Guofang Sun
- Department of Electrocardiogram Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. china
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maurya DK, Sharma D, Sandur SK. Hypoxia induces dichotomous and reversible attenuation of T cell responses through reactive oxygen species-dependent phenotype redistribution and delay in lymphoblast proliferation. Free Radic Res 2023; 57:1-13. [PMID: 36947008 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2178918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
As T cells transit between blood, lymphoid organs, and peripheral tissues, they experience varied levels of oxygen/hypoxia in inflamed tissues, skin, intestinal lining, and secondary lymphoid organs. Critical illness among COVID-19 patients is also associated with transient hypoxia and attenuation of T cell responses. Hypoxia is the fulcrum of altered metabolism, impaired functions, and cessation of growth of a subset of T cells. However, the restoration of normal T cell functions following transient hypoxia and kinetics of their phenotype-redistribution is not completely understood. Here, we sought to understand kinetics and reversibility of dichotomous T cell responses under sustained and transient hypoxia. We found that a subset of activated T cells accumulated as lymphoblasts under hypoxia. Further, T cells showed the normal expression of activation markers CD25 and CD69 and inflammatory cytokine secretion but a subset exhibited delayed cell proliferation under hypoxia. Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cytosol and mitochondria were seen during dichotomous and reversible attenuation of T cell response under hypoxia. Cell cycle analysis revealed maximum levels of cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS in dividing T cells (in S, G2, or M phase). Hypoxic T cells also showed specific attenuation of activation induced memory phenotype conversion without affecting naïve and activated T cells. Hypoxia-related attenuation of T cell proliferation was also found to be reversible in an allogeneic leukocyte specific mixed lymphocyte reaction assay. In summary, our results show that hypoxia induces a reversible delay in proliferation of a subset of T cells which is associated with obliteration of memory phenotype and specific increase in cytosolic/mitochondrial ROS levels in actively dividing subpopulation. Thus, the transient reoxygenation of hypoxic patients may restore normal T cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar Maurya
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Sandur
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Foghis M, Bungau SG, Bungau AF, Vesa CM, Purza AL, Tarce AG, Tit DM, Pallag A, Behl T, Ul Hassan SS, Radu AF. Plants-based medicine implication in the evolution of chronic liver diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114207. [PMID: 36916432 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic disorders are considered major health problems, due to their high incidence, increased risk of chronicling or death and the costs involved in therapies. A large number of patients with chronic liver diseases use herbal medicines and dietary supplements in parallel with allopathic treatment. The current review provides a thorough analysis of the studies conducted on the most important species of medicinal plants used in this disease, bioactive compounds and on the activity of herbal medicines in the evolution of chronic liver diseases. However, a negative aspect is that there is frequently a lack of comprehensive data on the progression of the illness and the living standards of patients who are affected when evaluating the effects of these phytocomponents on the evolution of chronic liver disease, the patients' health, and their quality of life. It is essential to take this impairment into account when evaluating the long-term effects of herbal treatments on the health of individuals who suffer from liver illness. Bioactive phytocomponents may be a suitable source for the development of novel medications due to the correlation between traditional uses and medical advances. Additional high-quality preclinical examinations utilizing cutting-edge approaches are needed to assess safety and effectiveness and to detect, categorize, and standardize the active substances and their formulations for the most suitable therapeutic management of liver illnesses.
Collapse
|
9
|
Hu JN, Wang YM, Zhang H, Li HP, Wang Z, Han M, Ren S, Tang S, Jiang S, Li W. Schisandra B, a representative lignan from Schisandra chinensis, improves cisplatin-induced toxicity: An in vitro study. Phytother Res 2023; 37:658-671. [PMID: 36223243 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Schisandrin B (Scheme B) is the most abundant and active lignan monomer isolated from Schisandra chinensis. At present, most reports focus on its cardioprotective and hepatoprotective effects, however, the related reports on gastrointestinal protective effects are still limited. The study aims to evaluate the protective effect of Scheme B on cisplatin-induced rat intestinal crypt epithelial (IEC-6) cell injury and the possible molecular mechanisms. The results showed that Scheme B at 2.5, 5 and 10 μM could inhibit dose-dependently the reduction of cell activity induced by cisplatin exposure at 1 μM, decrease the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), while increasing glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) to alleviate oxidative stress injury in IEC-6 cell lines. Meanwhile, Scheme B could relieve cisplatin-induced apoptosis by regulating PI3K/AKT and the downstream caspase signaling pathway. The results from flow cytometry analysis and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) staining also demonstrated the anti-apoptosis effect of Scheme B. Furthermore, Scheme B was found to reduce the inflammation associated with cell damage by evaluating the protein expressions of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Importantly, Wnt/β-catenin, as a functional signaling pathway that drives intestinal self-recovery, was also in part regulated by Scheme B. In conclusion, Scheme B might alleviate cisplatin-induced IEC-6 cell damage by inhibiting oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, and repairing intestinal barrier function. The present research provides a strong evidence that Scheme B may be a useful modulator in cisplatin-induced intestinal toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Nan Hu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui-Ping Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Mei Han
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shen Ren
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shan Tang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Peng SJ, Ye DT, Zheng J, Xue YR, Lin L, Zhao YD, Miao WH, Song Y, Wen ZS, Zheng B. Synthesis, Characterization of Low Molecular Weight Chitosan Selenium Nanoparticles and Its Effect on DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36555167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium nanoparticles have attracted extensive attention due to their good bioavailability and activity. In the present study, a new form of selenium nanoparticle (Low molecular weight chitosan selenium nanoparticles (LCS-SeNPs)) were synthesized in a system of sodium selenite and acetic acid. The size, element state, morphology and elementary composition of LCS-SeNPs were characterized by using various spectroscopic and microscopic measurements. The protection of LCS-SeNPs against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and the inherent mechanisms of this process were investigated. The results showed that LCS-SeNPs, with an average diameter of 198 nm, zero-valent and orange-red relatively uniform spherical particles were prepared. LCS-SeNPs were mainly composed of C, N, O and Se elements, of which Se accounted for 39.03% of the four elements C, N, O and Se. LCS-SeNPs reduced colon injury and inflammation symptoms and improved intestinal barrier dysfunction. LCS-SeNPs significantly reduced serum and colonic inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Moreover, LCS-SeNPs remarkably increased antioxidant enzyme GSH-Px levels in serum and colonic tissue. Further studies on inflammatory pathways showed that LCS-SeNPs alleviated DSS-induced colitis through the NF-κB signaling pathway, and relieved inflammatory associated oxidative stress through the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Our findings suggested that LCS-SeNPs are a promising selenium species with potential applications in the treatment of oxidative stress related inflammatory intestinal diseases.
Collapse
|
11
|
Meng M, Huo R, Wang Y, Ma N, Shi X, Shen X, Chang G. Lentinan inhibits oxidative stress and alleviates LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis of BMECs by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2375-2391. [PMID: 36243161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Lentinan (LNT) has been reported to have a wide range of functions, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer properties. LNT may provide a protective effect in dairy cow mastitis. In this study, we investigated the effect of LNT on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced injury of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) and the possible mechanism. First, we treated BMECs with different concentrations of LPS to study the effects of LPS on oxidative stress and inflammation in BMECs. Then, we examined the effects of LNT by dividing the cells into seven groups: the control group (CON), LPS treatment group (LPS), Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) pretreatment group (NAC + LPS), LNT pretreatment group (LNT + LPS), ML385 and LNT pretreatment group (ML385 + LNT + LPS), LNT treatment group (LNT) and NAC treatment group (NAC). The results showed that LPS-triggered intracellular ROS production and the downregulation of Nrf-2 and HO-1 in BMECs were blocked by LNT pretreatment. LNT inhibited the expression of inflammatory genes and proteins by inhibiting of NF-κB and MAPK. In addition, LNT attenuated LPS induced-apoptosis in BMECs. However, ML385 reversed the protective effect of LNT. Taken together, LNT can be used as a natural protective agent against LPS-triggered BMECs damage through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects through modulation of the Nrf2 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ran Huo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Nana Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiangzhen Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guangjun Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Osmakov DI, Kalinovskii AP, Belozerova OA, Andreev YA, Kozlov SA. Lignans as Pharmacological Agents in Disorders Related to Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: Chemical Synthesis Approaches and Biological Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116031. [PMID: 35682715 PMCID: PMC9181380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant lignans exhibit a wide range of biological activities, which makes them the research objects of potential use as therapeutic agents. They provide diverse naturally-occurring pharmacophores and are available for production by chemical synthesis. A large amount of accumulated data indicates that lignans of different structural groups are apt to demonstrate both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, in many cases, simultaneously. In this review, we summarize the comprehensive knowledge about lignan use as a bioactive agent in disorders associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, pharmacological effects in vitro and in vivo, molecular mechanisms underlying these effects, and chemical synthesis approaches. This article provides an up-to-date overview of the current data in this area, available in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, screened from 2000 to 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry I. Osmakov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.O.); (A.P.K.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.A.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr P. Kalinovskii
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.O.); (A.P.K.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Olga A. Belozerova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.O.); (A.P.K.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Yaroslav A. Andreev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.O.); (A.P.K.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.A.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Kozlov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.O.); (A.P.K.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.A.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang D, Chen J, Sun H, Chen W, Yang X. MCFA alleviate H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress in AML12 cells via the ERK1/2/Nrf2 pathway. Lipids 2022; 57:153-162. [PMID: 35262212 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important factor in the occurrence and development of liver disease. Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) have potential antioxidant function, whereas the exact underlying mechanism of MCFA in oxidative injury of hepatocytes remains unclear. In our present study, three different MCFAs, 8-carbon octanoic acid (OA), 10-carbon capric acid (CA), and 12-carbon lauric acid (LA), have been performed to observe their protective action for hepatocyte under the H2 O2 challenge. The result showed that MCFA treatment significantly increased the cell viability, T-AOC, and expression of antioxidant-related genes in AML12 cells under oxidative stress condition, and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moreover, MCFA treatment significantly increased the protein expression of Nrf2 and the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2; LA treatment significantly promoted the Nrf2 nuclear translocation. With a further test, the rescue ability of MCFA was blocked by treating with the ERK inhibitor U0126. Overall, our data suggested that MCFA treatment has positive impact on protecting AML12 cells against oxidative stress through ERK1/2/Nrf2 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danping Wang
- MOE Joint Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jinglong Chen
- MOE Joint Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Huangbing Sun
- MOE Joint Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- MOE Joint Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- MOE Joint Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen C, Yu LT, Cheng BR, Xu JL, Cai Y, Jin JL, Feng RL, Xie L, Qu XY, Li D, Liu J, Li Y, Cui XY, Lu JJ, Zhou K, Lin Q, Wan J. Promising Therapeutic Candidate for Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: What Are the Possible Mechanisms and Roles of Phytochemicals? Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:792592. [PMID: 35252368 PMCID: PMC8893235 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.792592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is one of the most effective reperfusion strategies for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) despite myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, causing one of the causes of most cardiomyocyte injuries and deaths. The pathological processes of myocardial I/R injury include apoptosis, autophagy, and irreversible cell death caused by calcium overload, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Eventually, myocardial I/R injury causes a spike of further cardiomyocyte injury that contributes to final infarct size (IS) and bound with hospitalization of heart failure as well as all-cause mortality within the following 12 months. Therefore, the addition of adjuvant intervention to improve myocardial salvage and cardiac function calls for further investigation. Phytochemicals are non-nutritive bioactive secondary compounds abundantly found in Chinese herbal medicine. Great effort has been put into phytochemicals because they are often in line with the expectations to improve myocardial I/R injury without compromising the clinical efficacy or to even produce synergy. We summarized the previous efforts, briefly outlined the mechanism of myocardial I/R injury, and focused on exploring the cardioprotective effects and potential mechanisms of all phytochemical types that have been investigated under myocardial I/R injury. Phytochemicals deserve to be utilized as promising therapeutic candidates for further development and research on combating myocardial I/R injury. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to provide a better understanding of the mechanism of myocardial I/R injury treatment using phytochemicals and possible side effects associated with this approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Tong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bai-Ru Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang-Lin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Lin Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ru-Li Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Long Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yan Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Jin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Lin
| | - Jie Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Jie Wan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fakhri S, Abbaszadeh F, Moradi SZ, Cao H, Khan H, Xiao J. Effects of Polyphenols on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Interconnected Pathways during Spinal Cord Injury. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2022; 2022:8100195. [PMID: 35035667 PMCID: PMC8759836 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8100195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the progression in targeting the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) and spinal cord injury (SCI), there is a lack of effective treatments. Moreover, conventional therapies suffer from associated side effects and low efficacy, raising the need for finding potential alternative therapies. In this regard, a comprehensive review was done regarding revealing the main neurological dysregulated pathways and providing alternative therapeutic agents following SCI. From the mechanistic point, oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways are major upstream orchestras of cross-linked dysregulated pathways (e.g., apoptosis, autophagy, and extrinsic mechanisms) following SCI. It urges the need for developing multitarget therapies against SCI complications. Polyphenols, as plant-derived secondary metabolites, have the potential of being introduced as alternative therapeutic agents to pave the way for treating SCI. Such secondary metabolites presented modulatory effects on neuronal oxidative stress, neuroinflammatory, and extrinsic axonal dysregulated pathways in the onset and progression of SCI. In the present review, the potential role of phenolic compounds as critical phytochemicals has also been revealed in regulating upstream dysregulated oxidative stress/inflammatory signaling mediators and extrinsic mechanisms of axonal regeneration after SCI in preclinical and clinical studies. Additionally, the coadministration of polyphenols and stem cells has shown a promising strategy for improving post-SCI complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Hui Cao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chiang C, Chang J, Chuang H, Fan C, Hou T, Lin C, Lee Y. Schisandrin B promotes Foxp3+ regulatory T cell expansion by activating heme oxygenase-1 in dendritic cells and exhibits immunomodulatory effects in Th2-mediated allergic asthma. Eur J Pharmacol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
17
|
Davuljigari CB, Ekuban FA, Zong C, Fergany AAM, Morikawa K, Ichihara G. Nrf2 Activation Attenuates Acrylamide-Induced Neuropathy in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5995. [PMID: 34206048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acrylamide is a well characterized neurotoxicant known to cause neuropathy and encephalopathy in humans and experimental animals. To investigate the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in acrylamide-induced neuropathy, male C57Bl/6JJcl adult mice were exposed to acrylamide at 0, 200 or 300 ppm in drinking water and co-administered with subcutaneous injections of sulforaphane, a known activator of the Nrf2 signaling pathway at 0 or 25 mg/kg body weight daily for 4 weeks. Assessments for neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress as well as messenger RNA-expression analysis for Nrf2-antioxidant and pro-inflammatory cytokine genes were conducted. Relative to mice exposed only to acrylamide, co-administration of sulforaphane protected against acrylamide-induced neurotoxic effects such as increase in landing foot spread or decrease in density of noradrenergic axons as well as hepatic necrosis and hemorrhage. Moreover, co-administration of sulforaphane enhanced acrylamide-induced mRNA upregulation of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant proteins and suppressed acrylamide-induced mRNA upregulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the cerebral cortex. The results demonstrate that activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway by co-treatment of sulforaphane provides protection against acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity through suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation. Nrf2 remains an important target for the strategic prevention of acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity.
Collapse
|
18
|
Foster AD, Downing P, Figredo E, Polain N, Stott A, Layfield R, Rea SL. ALS-associated TBK1 variant p.G175S is defective in phosphorylation of p62 and impacts TBK1-mediated signalling and TDP-43 autophagic degradation. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 108:103539. [PMID: 32835772 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations affecting SQSTM1 coding for p62 and TANK-Binding Kinase 1 (TBK1) have been implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). TBK1 is a serine-threonine kinase that regulates p62's activity as an autophagy receptor via phosphorylation and also has roles in neuroinflammatory signalling pathways. The mechanisms underlying ALS and FTLD pathogenesis as a result of TBK1 mutations are incompletely understood, however, loss of TBK1 function can lead to dysregulated autophagy and mitophagy. Here, we report that an ALS-associated TBK1 variant affecting the kinase domain, p.G175S, is defective in phosphorylation of p62 at Ser-403, a modification critical for regulating its ubiquitin-binding function, as well as downstream phosphorylation at Ser-349. Consistent with these findings, expression of p.G175S TBK1 was associated with decreased induction of autophagy compared to wild type and reduced degradation of the ALS-linked protein TDP-43. Expression of wild type TBK1 increased NF-κB signalling ~300 fold in comparison to empty vector cells, whereas p.G175S TBK1 was unable to promote NF-κB signalling above levels observed in empty vector transfected cells. We also noted a hitherto unknown role for TBK1 as a suppressor of oxidative stress (Nrf2) signalling and show that p.G175S TBK1 expressing cells lose this inhibitory function. Our data suggest that TBK1 ALS mutations may broadly impair p62-mediated cell signalling, which ultimately may reduce neuronal survival, in addition TDP-43 was not efficiently degraded, together these effects may contribute to TBK1 mutation associated ALS and FTLD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A D Foster
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Health Research Building, Discovery Way, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - P Downing
- School of Health Sciences, Notre Dame University, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - E Figredo
- School of Health Sciences, Notre Dame University, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - N Polain
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Health Research Building, Discovery Way, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - A Stott
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - R Layfield
- School of Health Sciences, Notre Dame University, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - S L Rea
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Health Research Building, Discovery Way, Murdoch, WA, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tuli HS, Aggarwal V, Kaur J, Aggarwal D, Parashar G, Parashar NC, Tuorkey M, Kaur G, Savla R, Sak K, Kumar M. Baicalein: A metabolite with promising antineoplastic activity. Life Sci 2020; 259:118183. [PMID: 32781058 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer, being a multifactorial disease has diverse presentation in different subgroups which is mainly attributed to heterogenous presentation of tumor cells. This cancer cell heterogeneity is the major reason for variable response to standard chemotherapeutic regimes owing to which high relapse rate and multi-drug resistance has increasingly been reported over the past decade. Interestingly, the research on natural compounds in combination with standard therapies have reported with interesting and promising results from the pre-clinical trials and few of which have also been tested in other phases of clinical trials. This review focusses on baicalein, an emerging anti-cancerous natural compound, its chemistry and mechanism of action. In view of promising pre-clinical this review is mainly motivated by the results observed from baicalein treatment of different cancer cell population. With the advancing scientific evidence on the anti-malignant potential of baicalein with respect to its pharmacological activities encompassing from anti-inflammatory to anti-angiogenic/anti-metastatic effects, the focus is mainly directed to understanding the precise mechanism of action of baicalein. In the process of understanding the underlying signaling cascades, the role of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), AKT serine/threonine protein kinase B (AKT), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) and caspase-3/-8,-9 have been highlighted as the major players for baicalein anti-malignant potential. This is also supported by the interesting pre-clinical findings which cumulatively pave the way ahead for development of baicalein as an adjunct anti-cancer treatment with chemotherapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India.
| | - Vaishali Aggarwal
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, Punjab 160012, India
| | - Jagjit Kaur
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Gaurav Parashar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | | | - Muobarak Tuorkey
- Division of Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Vileparle-West, Mumbai-56, India
| | - Raj Savla
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Vileparle-West, Mumbai-56, India
| | | | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Park E, Lee Y, Kim SM, Jung AJ, Yoo J, Lee S, Jeong HC, Lee H. Immune-Enhancing Effects of Red Platycodon grandiflorus Root Extract via p38 MAPK-Mediated NF-κB Activation. Applied Sciences 2020; 10:5457. [DOI: 10.3390/app10165457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Platycodongrandiflorus (PG) root extract has been widely used as an oriental herbal medicine. Red PG root extract (RPGE), which is made by steaming and drying PG several times, contains more saponin than raw (white) PG. Although RPGE has been known to have anti-inflammatory activity, the effects of RPGE on the immune-enhancing response remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the immune-enhancing effects of RPGE and its mechanism in macrophage cells and splenocytes. Our results revealed that cell proliferation of both macrophages and splenocytes correlate positively with the concentration of RPGE. Moreover, RPGE treatment increased the phagocytic activity of macrophage cells, as well as nitric oxide and cytokines production. Furthermore, RPGE induced phosphorylation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, which contributed to nuclear factor-kappa B activation. Thus, our findings suggest that RPGE may be a potential functional food for improving immune function.
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang Y, Zhou Q, Gao A, Chen L, Li L. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and focused drug discovery in cardiovascular disease. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 504:125-137. [PMID: 32017925 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an intracellular membranous organelle involved in the synthesis, folding, maturation and post-translation modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins. Therefore, ER is closely related to the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis and the good balance between health and diseases. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) occurs when unfolded/misfolded proteins accumulate after disturbance of ER environment. In response to ERS, cells trigger an adaptive response called the Unfolded protein response (UPR), which helps cells cope with the stress. In recent years, a large number of studies show that ERS can aggravate cardiovascular diseases. ERS-related proteins expression in cardiovascular diseases is on the rise. Therefore, down-regulation of ERS is critical for alleviating symptoms of cardiovascular diseases, which may be used in the near future to treat cardiovascular diseases. This article reviews the relationship between ERS and cardiovascular diseases and drugs that inhibit ERS. Furthermore, we detail the role of ERS inhibitors in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Drugs that inhibit ERS are considered as promising strategies for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Yang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Qionglin Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Anbo Gao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Lanfang Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cui Q, Du R, Liu M, Rong L. Lignans and Their Derivatives from Plants as Antivirals. Molecules 2020; 25:E183. [PMID: 31906391 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignans are widely produced by various plant species; they are a class of natural products that share structural similarity. They usually contain a core scaffold that is formed by two or more phenylpropanoid units. Lignans possess diverse pharmacological properties, including their antiviral activities that have been reported in recent years. This review discusses the distribution of lignans in nature according to their structural classification, and it provides a comprehensive summary of their antiviral activities. Among them, two types of antiviral lignans—podophyllotoxin and bicyclol, which are used to treat venereal warts and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in clinical, serve as examples of using lignans for antivirals—are discussed in some detail. Prospects of lignans in antiviral drug discovery are also discussed.
Collapse
|
23
|
Ai F, Guo QH, Yu B, Li W, Guo X, Chen Z. Schisandrin B attenuates pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling in mice by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:4645-52. [PMID: 31798701 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of schisandrin B (Sch B) on myocardial hypertrophy induced by pressure overload in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: i) Sham (n=12); ii) transverse aortic constriction (TAC) (n=12); and iii) Sch B-treated (n=12; 80 mg·kg−1·d−1 per gavage). The model of myocardial hypertrophy was established by constricting the descending branch of the aortic arch. Following a 4-week treatment period, cardiac remodeling was evaluated using echocardiography and pathological and molecular analysis. Sch B improved cardiac function in the Sch B-treated group compared with the TAC group. Moreover, the Sch B-treated group had a smaller myocardial cell cross-sectional area and less fibrosis compared with the TAC group. The protein expression levels of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis markers in the TAC group were significantly higher compared with those in the sham group. The same markers in the Sch B-treated group were significantly lower compared with those in the TAC group. Additionally, the phosphorylation levels of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway-associated proteins extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase were significantly lower in the Sch B-treated group compared with the TAC group. Further in vitro investigation demonstrated that Sch B prevented the adverse effects of angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy and fibrosis by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway in H9c2 cells. In conclusion, Sch B may improve pathological myocardial remodeling and cardiac function induced by pressure overload, and its underlying mechanism may be associated with inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang H, Chen Q, Dahan A, Xue J, Wei L, Tan W, Zhang G. Transcriptomic analyses reveal the molecular mechanisms of schisandrin B alleviates CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis in rats by RNA-sequencing. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 309:108675. [PMID: 31150632 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a progression of chronic liver disease with lacks effective therapies at present. Schisandrin B (Sch B), a bioactive compound extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Schisandra chinensis, was reported to benefit liver diseases. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of Sch B against CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats. RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis were performed collaboratively, including analysis of differential gene expression, gene ontology (GO) analysis, pathway analysis and pathway-act-network analysis. The results demonstrated that Sch B effectively alleviated CCl4-induced liver damage and fibrosis in rats, as evidenced by improved liver function and decreased extracellular matrix deposition. Furthermore, 4440 (1878 up-regulated, 2562 down-regulated) genes in the model group versus (vs) normal group, 4243 (2584 up-regulated, 1659 down-regulated) genes in Sch B-treated group vs model group were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequently, GO analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly enriched in metabolism, oxidation-reduction, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis-related biological processes. Pathway analysis suggested that Sch B up-regulated cytochrome P450 drug metabolism, PPAR signaling pathways, and down-regulated glutathione metabolism pathways. In addition, the regulatory patterns of Sch B on key genes and pathways were also confirmed. In conclusion, our study demonstrated Sch B alleviated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis by multiple modulatory mechanisms, which provide new clues for further pharmacological study of Sch B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tong Ji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, China.
| | - Qingshan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Jiyang Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tong Ji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Liwen Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tong Ji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Weifeng Tan
- Department of Laparoscopy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li J, Lu Y, Wang D, Quan F, Chen X, Sun R, Zhao S, Yang Z, Tao W, Ding D, Gao X, Cao Q, Zhao D, Qi R, Chen C, He L, Hu K, Chen Z, Yang Y, Luo Y. Schisandrin B prevents ulcerative colitis and colitis-associated-cancer by activating focal adhesion kinase and influence on gut microbiota in an in vivo and in vitro model. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 854:9-21. [PMID: 30951716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) has a close relationship with ulcerative colitis (UC). Therapeutic effect of Schisandrin B (SchB) on UC and CAC remains largely unknown. We investigated the preventative effect of SchB on the dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) model of UC and azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS model of CAC. Furthermore, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation and influence on commensal microbiota are important for UC treatment. Impact on FAK activation by SchB in UC development was evaluated in vivo and vitro. We also conducted 16S rRNA sequencing to detect regulation of gut microbiota by SchB. Enhanced protection of intestinal epithelial barrier by SchB through activating FAK contributed to protective effect on colon for the fact that protection of SchB can be reversed by inhibition of FAK phosphorylation. Furthermore, influence on gut microbiota by SchB also played a significant role in UC prevention. Our results revealed that SchB was potent to prevent UC by enhancing protection of intestinal epithelial barrier and influence on gut microbiota, which led to inhibition of CAC. SchB was potential to become a new treatment for UC and prevention of CAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Li
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Duowei Wang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Fei Quan
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Sen Zhao
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zhisen Yang
- No.30 Middle School of Taiyuan, Taiyuan, 030002, China
| | - Weiyan Tao
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Dong Ding
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xinghua Gao
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Qiuhua Cao
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Ran Qi
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Vocational Institute of Commerce, Nanjing, 211168, China
| | - Lihua He
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Kaiyong Hu
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Pharmacology Department, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Yong Yang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Yan Luo
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kortesoja M, Karhu E, Olafsdottir ES, Freysdottir J, Hanski L. Impact of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from Schisandra chinensis on the redox status and activation of human innate immune system cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 131:309-317. [PMID: 30578916 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Redox signaling has been established as an essential component of inflammatory responses, and redox active compounds are of interest as potential immunomodulatory agents. Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans isolated from Schisandra chinensis, a medicinal plant with widespread use in oriental medicine, have been implicated to possess immunomodulatory properties but their effects on the human innate immune system cells have not been described. In this contribution, data are presented on the impact of schisandrin, schisandrin B and schisandrin C on human monocytic cell redox status, as well as their impact on dendritic cell maturation and T cell activation capacity and cytokine production. In THP-1 cells, levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were elevated after 1 h exposure to schisandrin. Schisandrin B and schisandrin C decreased cellular glutathione pools, which is a phenotype previously reported to promote anti-inflammatory functions. Treatment of human primary monocytes with the lignans during their maturation to dendritic cells did not have any effect on the appearance of surface markers HLA-DR and CD86 but schisandrin B and schisandrin C suppressed the secretion of cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and IL-12 by the mature dendritic cells. Dendritic cells maturated in presence of schisandrin C were further cocultured with naïve CD4+ T cells, resulting in reduced IL-12 production. In THP-1 cells, schisandrin B and schisandrin C reduced the IL-6 and IL-12 production triggered by E. coli lipopolysaccharide and IL-12 production induced by an infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae. In conclusion, the studied lignans act as immunomodulatory agents by altering the cytokine secretion, but do not interfere with dendritic cell maturation. And the observed effects may be associated with the ability of the lignans to alter cellular redox status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maarit Kortesoja
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Karhu
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elin Soffia Olafsdottir
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Hofsvallagata 53, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jona Freysdottir
- Department of Immunology and Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Eiriksgata, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Leena Hanski
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Qin JH, Lin JR, Ding WF, Wu WH. Schisandrin B Improves the Renal Function of IgA Nephropathy Rats Through Inhibition of the NF-κB Signalling Pathway. Inflammation 2018; 42:884-894. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
28
|
Wu W, Wang S, Liu Q, Wang X, Shan T, Wang Y. Cathelicidin-WA attenuates LPS-induced inflammation and redox imbalance through activation of AMPK signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:338-353. [PMID: 30273672 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated activation of inflammation is associated with the development and progression of many diseases. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been shown to promote an inflammatory response. Cathelicidin peptides not only defend against the invasion of various microbes but also play an important role in regulating immune responses. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Cathelicidin-WA (CWA) on the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in macrophages. Our results showed that CWA efficiently attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammation and oxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, we found that CWA significantly reduced the LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB, thus decreasing the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in macrophages. On the other hand, CWA markedly promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 via the AKT pathway and p38 signaling. This resulted in increased expression of the anti-oxidative genes NQO-1 and HO-1 and alleviated oxidative stress in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Interestingly, the effects of CWA were diminished when AMPK was knocked down. Consistently, we noticed that CWA failed to ameliorate the LPS-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress in AMPK knockout mice. Furthermore, we discovered that LKB1 was essential for AMPK activation by CWA. These data demonstrated for the first time that CWA attenuated LPS-stimulated inflammation and redox imbalance through regulating LKB1-AMPK signaling. Such knowledge provides new insights into the mechanisms through which Cathelicidin peptides modulate immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiche Wu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Sisi Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Xinxia Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Feng S, Qiu B, Zou L, Liu K, Xu X, Zhu H. Schisandrin B elicits the Keap1-Nrf2 defense system via carbene reactive metabolite which is less harmful to mice liver. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:4033-4046. [PMID: 30568426 PMCID: PMC6267698 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s176561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Schisandrin B (Sch B) a main active component of Schisandra chinensis, has been shown to act as a liver protectant via activation of the Nrf2 pathway. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether its reactive metabolite is responsible for Nrf2 activation; also, the effects of its reactive metabolite on liver function are still unknown. Methods The present study determined and identifed the carbene reactive metabolite of Sch B in human and mice liver microsomes. Its roles in activating Nrf2 pathway and modifying macromolecules were further explored in human liver microsomes. Moreover the potential cytotoxicity and hepatoxicity of carbene on HepG-2 and mice were also investigated. Results In the present study, cytochromes P450 (CYP450s) metabolized Sch B to carbene reactive metabolite, which, with the potential to modify peptides, were identifed and observed in human and mice liver microsomes. Moreover, the relevance of carbene in Nrf2 activation was verifed by co-incubation in the presence of CYP450 inhibitors in HepG-2 cells, as well as by molecular docking study of carbene and Keap1. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of Sch B on HepG-2 cells was signifcantly aggravated by CYP450 inducer (with LD50 decreasing from 63 to 21 µM) and signifcantly alleviated by CYP450 inhibitor and glutathione (with LD50 increasing from 63 µM to 200 µM). Besides, after oral administration of mice with Sch B (25-100 mg/kg) for 21 days, only the highest dose induced mild hepatotoxicity, which was accompanied by increasing the aminotransferase activity and centrilobular hepatocellular infltration of lymphocytes. In addition, upregulation of CYP450 activity; Nrf2, NQO-1, and GST expression; and glutathione level was observed in Sch B treatment groups. Conclusion The present study revealed that CYP450s mediate the conversion of Sch B to carbene, which subsequently binds to Keap1 and elicits Nrf2 pathway, which could further increase the elimination of carbene and thus exhibit a less harmful effect on mice liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Feng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China, ;
| | - Bingxun Qiu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China, ;
| | - Li Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China, ;
| | - Ke Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China, ;
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China, ;
| | - Huifeng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China, ;
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Han J, Shi X, Zheng Z, Zhang B, Shi F, Jiang L, Xu J. Schisandrin B protects against angiotensin II-induced endotheliocyte deficits by targeting Keap1 and activating Nrf2 pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:3985-3997. [PMID: 30538426 PMCID: PMC6255115 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s184245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Schisandrin B (SchB), the main active constituent in Schisandra chinensis, has antioxidant activities. Endothelial dysfunction leads to various cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress is a crucial pathophysiological mechanism underpinning endothelial dysfunction. Methods We elucidated the role and underlying mechanisms of SchB in angiotensin II-induced rat aortic endothelial-cell deficits and explored targets of SchB through siRNA analysis and molecular docking. We measured apoptosis by TUNEL and oxidative stress by dihydroethidium (DHE) and 2’,7’ –dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF) staining. Results Our results demonstrated that SchB significantly ameliorated oxidative stress, mitochondrial membrane-potential depolarization and apoptosis in angiotensin II-challenged rat aortic endothelial cells. We further discovered that these antioxidative effects of SchB were mediated through induction of Nrf2. Importantly, using molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation, we identified that Keap1, an adaptor for the degradation of Nrf2, was a target of SchB. Conclusion These findings support the potential use of SchB as a Keap1 inhibitor for attenuating oxidative stress, and Keap1 might serve as a therapeutic target in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jibo Han
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China, ;
| | - Xiaowen Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China, ;
| | - Zhanxiong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China, ;
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China, ;
| | - Fengjie Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China, ;
| | - Liqin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China, ;
| | - Jianjiang Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China, ;
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang W, Sun Z, Meng F. Schisandrin B Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Attenuation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis. Inflammation 2018; 40:1903-1911. [PMID: 28748322 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Schisandrin B (Sch B), an active composition isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis, has been proved to possess antiinflammatory, antioxidant and anti-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress effects in many rodent tissues. However, the exact mechanism of cardioprotective effect of Sch B still needs more study. Here, we detected the effects of Sch B on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury rats. I/R injury model in this study was established by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation for 40 min followed by 1 h of reperfusion. Male healthy rats were randomly divided into five groups: the sham, I/R, Sch B (20 mg/kg) + I/R, and Sch B (40 mg/kg) + I/R, Sch B (80 mg/kg) + I/R, with 10 rats in each group. We showed that Sch B treatment significantly protected against myocardial I/R injury, as demonstrated by the decrease in the percentage of infarct formation assessed by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining in representative heart tissue slices, comparing with the I/R control group. The levels of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) were tested. The ER stress-related proteins such as C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK) were further measured by western blot, and their messenger RNA levels were measured by real-time PCR. The apoptosis of heart tissue cells was also tested through the expressions of caspase-9, caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax proteins. Collectively, these results revealed that Sch B exerts protection role on myocardial I/R injury through decreasing oxidative reaction, suppressing ATF6 and PERK pathway, and attenuating ER stress-induced apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Electrocardiogram, Linyi People's Hospital, No. 49 Yizhou Road, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Sun
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, No. 49 Yizhou Road, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanhua Meng
- Department of Nerve Electrophysiology Room, Linyi People's Hospital, No. 49 Yizhou Road, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Inflammatory responses induced by Propionibacterium acnes are a major etiological factor in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Schisandrin A, schisandrin B, and schisandrin C are the representative lignans of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. extract. Although anti-inflammatory effects of the lignans have been shown, their effects on acne-related inflammation caused by P. acnes have not been investigated and compared. We pretreated THP-1 human monocytic cells with 5, 10, and 20 μM schisandrin A, B, and C, and stimulated the cells with P. acnes. Schisandrin B and C inhibited the release of inflammatory cytokines at a concentration of 5 μM, while schisandrin A required a concentration of 10 μM to exert the effects. All of the schisandrins decreased the levels of toll-like receptor 2, and schisandrin B and C reduced the intracellular mRNA expression of the receptor gene. We also studied the influence of schisandrins on the MAPK signaling pathway. Schisandrin A suppressed the P. acnes-induced activation of JNK, while exerting only a weak effect on ERK and p38. Schisandrin B exerted a strong effect on p38, a lesser effect on ERK, and almost no effect on JNK. Schisandrin C inhibited the phosphorylation of all three proteins, especially ERK. Furthermore, the three lignans also prevented the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. These results contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effects of the three lignans on P. acnes-induced inflammation and suggest that schisandrins might be developed as pharmacological agents for acne therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Faliang An
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Minhua Hong
- Technology Center, Shanghai Inoherb Co. Ltd, 121 Chengyin Road, Shanghai, 200083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanhua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ran J, Ma C, Xu K, Xu L, He Y, Moqbel SAA, Hu P, Jiang L, Chen W, Bao J, Xiong Y, Wu L. Schisandrin B ameliorated chondrocytes inflammation and osteoarthritis via suppression of NF-κB and MAPK signal pathways. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:1195-1204. [PMID: 29785089 PMCID: PMC5953308 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s162014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disorder in the elderly population, and inflammatory mediators like IL-1β were thought to play central roles in its development. Schisandrin B, the main active component derived from Schisandra chinensis, exhibited anti-oxidative and antiinflammatory properties. Methods In the present study, the protective effect and the underlying mechanism of Schisan-drin B on OA was investigated in vivo and in vitro. Results The results showed that Schisandrin B decreased IL-1β-induced upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3), MMP13, IL-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and increased IL-1β-induced downregulation of collagen II, aggrecan, and sox9 as well. Schisandrin B significantly decreased IL-1β-induced p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65 in rat chondrocytes. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation was also inhibited by Schisandrin B, as evidenced by the reduction of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), and c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (Jnk) phosphorylation. In addition, Schisandrin B prevented cartilage degeneration in rat OA model with significantly lower Mankin’s score than the control group. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that Schisandrin B ameliorated chondrocytes inflammation and OA via suppression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and MAPK signal pathways, indicating a therapeutic potential in OA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Ran
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chiyuan Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Langhai Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhe He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Safwat Adel Abdo Moqbel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiping Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiapeng Bao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lidong Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lyu A, Chen JJ, Wang HC, Yu XH, Zhang ZC, Gong P, Jiang LS, Liu FH. Punicalagin protects bovine endometrial epithelial cells against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory injury. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 18:481-491. [PMID: 28585424 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bovine endometritis is one of the most common reproductive disorders in cattle. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammation potential of punicalagin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bovine endometrial epithelial cells (bEECs) and to uncover the underlying mechanisms. METHODS bEECs were stimulated with different concentrations (1, 10, 30, 50, and 100 μg/ml) of LPS for 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 h. MTT assay was used to assess cell viability and to identify the conditions for inflammatory injury and effective concentrations of punicalagin. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to assess gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Western blotting was used to assess levels of inflammation-related proteins. RESULTS Treatment of bEECs with 30 µg/ml LPS for 12 h induced cell injury and reduced cell viability. Punicalagin (5, 10, or 20 µg/ml) pretreatment significantly decreased LPS-induced productions of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in bEECs. Molecular research showed that punicalagin inhibited the activation of the upstream mediator nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by suppressing the production of inhibitor κBα (IκBα) and phosphorylation of p65. Results also indicated that punicalagin can suppress the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). CONCLUSIONS Punicalagin may attenuate LPS-induced inflammatory injury and provide a potential option for the treatment of dairy cows with Escherichia coli endometritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An Lyu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jia-Jia Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hui-Chuan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhi-Cong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ping Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lin-Shu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Feng-Hua Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Jiang Y, Zhang Q, Bao J, Du C, Wang J, Tong Q, Liu C. Schisandrin B inhibits the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells by regulating the HOTAIR-micoRNA-125a-mTOR pathway. Neuroreport 2017; 28:93-100. [PMID: 27977512 DOI: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000000717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common malignant central nervous system tumors in humans. Schisandrin B (Sch B) has been confirmed to cause the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells. In the present study, the potential mechanism underlying the antitumor effect of Sch B on glioma cells was investigated. The glioma cell lines, U251 and U87, were exposed to Sch B, and the cell viability, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were determined using the MTT assay, flow cytometry, and transwell assay, respectively. Then, the effects of HOTAIR and miR-125a on tumor biology and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein expression in cell lines exposed to Sch B were investigated. The results showed that Sch B decreased HOTAIR expression and increased miR-125a-5p expression. HOTAIR overexpression decreased miR-125a expression and increased mTOR expression in cells with the treatment of Sch B. The miR-125a inhibitor reversed the effects of HOTAIR downregulation on cell proliferation and migration. On co-incubation with rapamycin, a specific mTOR inhibitor, the cell viability, migration, and invasion were decreased and cell apoptosis was increased in two cell lines exposed to Sch B after the treatment of pcDNA-HOTAIR. In conclusion, Sch B played an inhibitory role in the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells by regulating the HOTAIR-micoRNA-125a-mTOR pathway.
Collapse
|
37
|
Shao M, Ren Z, Zhang R. MYBL2 protects against H9c2 injury induced by hypoxia via AKT and NF‑κB pathways. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4832-4838. [PMID: 29328450 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases have become one of the major public health problems in many countries. The downregulation of MYBL2 was found in H9c2 and native cardiomyocytes cells after hypoxia treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of MYB proto‑oncogene like 2 (MYBL2) on H9c2 injury induced by hypoxia. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot were performed on H9c2 cells to determine the mRNA and protein levels of MYBL2, respectively. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was employed to downregulate MYBL2 expression in H9c2 cells to investigate changes in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Cell proliferation was assessed by a Cell Counting kit‑8 assay and the percentage of apoptotic cells was determined using an Annexin V‑fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide apoptosis detection kit. The nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) and AKT signaling pathways in H9c2 cells were investigated by western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that the overexpression of MYBL2 promoted cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis. Furthermore, overexpression of MYBL2 suppressed the expression of phosphorylated (p)‑AKT, p‑NF‑κB inhibitor α, p‑p65 and B‑cell CLL/lymphoma 3 (Bcl‑3). The results indicated that MYBL2 may improve cell viability and inhibit H9c2 apoptosis via the inhibition of AKT and NF‑κB pathways. Therefore, MYBL2 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China
| | - Zexiang Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China
| | - Rongjun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang P, Liu X, Huang G, Bai C, Zhang Z, Li H. WITHDRAWN: Schisandrin B suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation to alleviate myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury via maintaining mitochondrial autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 494:425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
39
|
Kwon DH, Cha HJ, Choi EO, Leem SH, Kim GY, Moon SK, Chang YC, Yun SJ, Hwang HJ, Kim BW, Kim WJ, Choi YH. Schisandrin A suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 macrophages by suppressing the NF-κB, MAPKs and PI3K/Akt pathways and activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:264-274. [PMID: 29115385 PMCID: PMC5746320 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Schisandrin A is a bioactive lignan occurring in the fruits of plants of the Schisandra genus that have traditionally been used in Korea for treating various inflammatory diseases. Although the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of lignan analogues similar to schisandrin A have been reported, the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained elusive. In the present study, schisandrin A significantly suppressed the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of the key pro-inflammatory mediators nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 by suppressing the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 at the mRNA and protein levels in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, schisandrin A was demonstrated to reduce the LPS-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β; this was accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in the respective mRNA and protein levels in the macrophages. In addition, the LPS- induced translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), as well as activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and phosphatidylinositol‑3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathways were inhibited by schisandrin A. Furthermore, schisandrin A significantly diminished the LPS-stimulated accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and effectively enhanced the expression of NF erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). These results suggested that schisandrin A has a protective effect against LPS-induced inflammatory and oxidative responses in RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting the NF-κB, MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways; these effects are mediated, at least in part, by the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Based on these results, it is concluded that schisandrin A may have therapeutic potential for treating inflammatory and oxidative disorders caused by over-activation of macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Hye Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ok Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Leem
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resource, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chae Chang
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Joong Yun
- Personalized Tumor Engineering Research Center, Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Nursing, Healthcare Sciences and Human Ecology, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Woo Kim
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Personalized Tumor Engineering Research Center, Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang Z, You L, Cheng Y, Hu K, Wang Z, Cheng Y, Yang J, Yang Y, Wang G. Investigation of pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of schisandrin B in rats by HPLC-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Linjun You
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyong Hu
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanbo Wang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Cheng
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Guangji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Shin MR, Kim KJ, Kim SH, Kim SJ, Seo BI, An HJ, Roh SS. Comparative Evaluation between Sulfasalazine Alone and in Combination with Herbal Medicine on DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis Mice. Biomed Res Int 2017; 2017:6742652. [PMID: 29018816 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6742652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the comparative evaluation of pharmacological efficacy between sulfasalazine alone and sulfasalazine in combination with herbal medicine on dextran sodium sulfate- (DSS-) induced UC in mice. Balb/c mice received 5% DSS in drinking water for 7 days to induce colitis. Animals were divided into five groups (n = 9): Group I (normal group), Group II (DSS control group), Group III (DSS + sulfasalazine (30 mg/kg)), Group IV (DSS + sulfasalazine (60 mg/kg)), and Group V (DSS + sulfasalazine (30 mg/kg) + Cinnamomi Cortex and Bupleuri Radix mixture (30 mg/kg) (SCB)). Colonic pathological changes were analyzed using hematoxyline/eosin staining. The antioxidant, inflammatory, and apoptotic protein levels were determined using western blotting. SCB supplementation, as well as sulfasalazine, suppressed colonic length and mucosal inflammatory infiltration. In addition, SCB treatment significantly reduced the expression of proinflammatory signaling molecules through suppression of both mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways and prevented the apoptosis of the colon. Moreover, SCB administration significantly led to the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes including SOD and catalase. Taken together, SCB treatment might offer a better treatment for human UC than sulfasalazine alone or may be useful as an alternative therapeutic strategy against UC, without any evidence of side effects.
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen Q, Zhang H, Cao Y, Li Y, Sun S, Zhang J, Zhang G. Schisandrin B attenuates CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis in rats by regulation of Nrf2-ARE and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways. Drug Des Devel Ther 2017; 11:2179-2191. [PMID: 28794616 PMCID: PMC5538685 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s137507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a major pathological feature of chronic liver diseases and there is no effective therapy program at present. Schisandrin B (Sch B) is the major bioactive ingredient of Schisandra chinensis, with antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and hepatoprotective properties. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect and related molecular mechanism of Sch B against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. The in vivo therapeutic effect of Sch B on liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 was examined in rats. In vitro, rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6) were used to assess the effect of Sch B on the activation of HSCs. Sch B effectively attenuated liver damage and progression of liver fibrosis in rats, as evidenced by improved liver function and decreased collagen deposition. The effects of Sch B were associated with attenuating oxidative stress by activating nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant signaling and suppressing HSC activation by inhibiting the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway. In an in vitro study, it was shown that Sch B inhibited TGF-β-induced HSC activation. Finally, Sch B significantly inhibited TGF-β1-stimulated phosphorylation of Smad and signaling of mitogen-activated protein kinases. This study demonstrates that Sch B prevents the progression of liver fibrosis by the regulation of Nrf2-ARE and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways, and indicates that Sch B can be used for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junping Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhou YQ, Li TC, Cheng YP. Production of Schisandrin A and Schisandrin B from Callus and Suspension Cell Cultures of Schisandra chinensis. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For establishing the fermentation system of synthetic schizandrin A and schizandrin B, culture conditions of the Schisandra chinensis callus and the suspension cell were studied in this paper. The friable calluses of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. were induced from hypocotyls in Murashige-Skoog (MS) solidified medium supplemented with hormone 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic butyl acetate (2,4-D) in different concentrations, and suspension cells initiated from friable callus were cultured in MS liquid medium with various concentrations and combinations of 6-BA, 2,4-D and kinetin (KT). The optimal culture condition for callus inducement was found to be MS solidified medium with 6-BA 1.0 mg/l and 2,4-D 0.3 mg/l and the optimal condition for suspension cells was MS liquid medium with 6-BA 1.0 mg/l, 2,4-D 0.2 mg/l and KT 0.5 mg/l. UPLC/Q-TOF-MS method was used for accurate identification of schisandrin A and schisandrin B in the seeds, callus and suspension cells of S. chinensis. And HPLC analytical method was used successfully for identification and quantification of these metabolites in cultures of S. chinensis. As a result, schisandrin A was obtained 0.251 mg/g, 0.118 mg/g and 0.115 mg/g from seeds, callus and suspension cells and schisandrin B was 0.142 mg/g, 0.086 mg/g and 0.05 mg/g from seeds, callus and suspension cells, respectively. Our datas indicate that callus and suspension cells had capability as seeds of S. chinensis for schisandrin A and schisandrin B synthesizing and can be used as potential sources of these biologically active lignans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Zhou
- Department of pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin
| | - Tian-Cong Li
- Department of pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin
| | - Yu-Peng Cheng
- Department of pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin
- Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yu JS, Wu YH, Tseng CK, Lin CK, Hsu YC, Chen YH, Lee JC. Schisandrin A inhibits dengue viral replication via upregulating antiviral interferon responses through STAT signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45171. [PMID: 28338050 PMCID: PMC5364541 DOI: 10.1038/srep45171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infects 400 million people worldwide annually. Infection of more than one serotype of DENV highly corresponds to dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome, which are the leading causes of high mortality. Due to lack of effective vaccines and unavailable therapies against DENV, discovery of anti-DENV agents is urgently needed. We first characterize that Schisandrin A can inhibit the replication of four serotypes of DENV in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with an effective half-maximal effective concentration 50% (EC50) value of 28.1 ± 0.42 μM against DENV serotype type 2 without significant cytotoxicity. Furthermore, schisandrin A can effectively protect mice from DENV infection by reducing disease symptoms and mortality of DENV-infected mice. We demonstrate that STAT1/2-mediated antiviral interferon responses contribute to the action of schisandrin A against DENV replication. Schisandrin A represents a potential antiviral agent to block DENV replication in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, stimulation of STAT1/2-mediated antiviral interferon responses is a promising strategy to develop antiviral drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Sheng Yu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kai Tseng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kuang Lin
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chin Hsu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ching Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhu C, Zhang S, Song C, Zhang Y, Ling Q, Hoffmann PR, Li J, Chen T, Zheng W, Huang Z. Selenium nanoparticles decorated with Ulva lactuca polysaccharide potentially attenuate colitis by inhibiting NF-κB mediated hyper inflammation. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:20. [PMID: 28270147 PMCID: PMC5341357 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient trace element and an established nutritional antioxidant. Low Se status exacerbates inflammatory bowel diseases progression, which involves hyper inflammation in the digestive tract. Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) exhibit anti-inflammatory activity accompanied by low toxicity, especially when decorated with natural biological compounds. Herein, we explored the beneficial effects of SeNPs decorated with Ulva lactuca polysaccharide (ULP) in mice subjected to the acute colitis model. Results We constructed SeNPs coated with ULP (ULP-SeNPs) in average diameter ~130 nm and demonstrated their stability and homogeneity. Supplementation with ULP-SeNPs (0.8 ppm Se) resulted in a significant protective effect on DSS-induced acute colitis in mice including mitigation of body weight loss, and colonic inflammatory damage. ULP-SeNPs ameliorated macrophage infiltration as evidenced by decreased CD68 levels in colon tissue sections. The anti-inflammatory effects of ULP-SeNPs were found to involve modulation of cytokines including IL-6 and TNF-α. Mechanistically, ULP-SeNPs inhibited the activation of macrophages by suppressing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, which drives the transcription of these pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions ULP-SeNPs supplementation may offer therapeutic potential for reducing the symptoms of acute colitis through its anti-inflammatory actions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-017-0252-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, China.,College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shuimei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chengwei Song
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qinjie Ling
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Peter R Hoffmann
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jun Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, China.,College of Chemistry and Material Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenjie Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, China. .,College of Chemistry and Material Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Zhi Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ben-Yehuda Greenwald M, Frušić-Zlotkin M, Soroka Y, Ben-Sasson S, Bianco-Peled H, Kohen R. A novel role of topical iodine in skin: Activation of the Nrf2 pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 104:238-248. [PMID: 28088623 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
For a long time iodine has been used as an active dermal agent in the treatment of inflammatory, immune-mediated and infectious diseases. Moreover, topical iodine application has been reported to provide protection against sulfur-mustard-induced skin lesions, heat-induced and acid-induced skin burns in both haired guinea-pigs and mouse ear swelling models. However, the exact mechanism of action underlying these benefits of iodine has not yet been elucidated. In the current study, a novel mechanism of action by which iodine provides skin protection and relief, based on its electrophilic nature, is suggested. This study demonstrates that both iodine and iodide are capable of activating the Nrf2 pathway in human skin. As a result, skin protection against UVB-induced damage was acquired and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8) from LPS-challenged skin was reduced. Iodide role in the enhanced activation of this pathway is demonstrated. The mode of action by which iodine and iodide activate the Nrf2 pathway is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Ben-Yehuda Greenwald
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112100, Israel; Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200003, Israel; The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel; Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University Medical School, Ein-Karem Campus, Jerusalem 9112100, Israel
| | - Marina Frušić-Zlotkin
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112100, Israel
| | - Yoram Soroka
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112100, Israel
| | - Shmuel Ben-Sasson
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University Medical School, Ein-Karem Campus, Jerusalem 9112100, Israel
| | - Havazelet Bianco-Peled
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200003, Israel; The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Ron Kohen
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112100, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chen Q, Zhan Q, Li Y, Sun S, Zhao L, Zhang H, Zhang G. Schisandra Lignan Extract Protects against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury in Mice by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Regulating the NF- κB and JNK Signaling Pathways. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2017; 2017:5140297. [PMID: 28246539 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5140297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis (S. chinensis) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine widely used for the treatment of liver disease, whose main active components are lignans. However, the action mechanisms of the lignans in S. chinensis remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect and related molecular mechanism of Schisandra lignan extract (SLE) against carbon tetrachloride- (CCl4-) induced acute liver injury in mice. Different doses of SLE at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg were administered daily by gavage for 5 days before CCl4 treatment. The results showed that SLE significantly decreased the activities of serum ALT/AST and reduced liver pathologic changes induced by CCl4. Pretreatment with SLE not only decreased the content of MDA but increased SOD, GSH, and GSH-Px activities in the liver, suggesting that SLE attenuated CCl4-induced oxidative stress. The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-a, IL-1β, and IL-6 were decreased after oral administration of SLE, probably because lignans inhibited the NF-κB activity. Additionally, SLE also inhibited hepatocyte apoptosis by suppressing JNK activation and regulating Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathways. In conclusion, these results suggested that SLE prevented CCl4-induced liver injury through a combination of antioxidative stress, anti-inflammation, and antihepatocyte apoptosis and alleviated inflammation and apoptosis by regulating the NF-κB, JNK, and Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhou SF, Yu ZL, Wang XY, Zhu PL, Chu ZS, Pan SY, Xie M, Ko KM. Biochemical mechanism underlying hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis/hepatomegaly induced by acute schisandrin B treatment in mice. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:8. [PMID: 28086886 PMCID: PMC5237187 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been demonstrated that acute oral administration of schisandrin B (Sch B), an active dibenzocyclooctadiene isolated from Schisandrae Fructus (a commonly used traditional Chinese herb), increased serum and hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels and hepatic mass in mice. The present study aimed to investigate the biochemical mechanism underlying the Sch B-induced hypertriglyceridemia, hepatic steatosis and hepatomegaly. Methods Male ICR mice were given a single oral dose of Sch B (0.25–2 g/kg). Sch B-induced changes in serum levels of biomarkers, such as TG, total cholesterol (TC), apolipoprotein B48 (ApoB 48), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and hepatic growth factor (HGF), as well as hepatic lipids and mass, epididymal adipose tissue (EAT) and adipocyte size, and histological changes of the liver and EAT were examined over a period of 12–120 h after Sch B treatment. Results Serum and hepatic TG levels were increased by 1.0–4.3 fold and 40–158% at 12–72 h and 12–96 h, respectively, after Sch B administration. Sch B treatment elevated serum ApoB 48 level (up to 12%), a marker of exogenous TG, but not VLDL, as compared with the vehicle treatment. Treatment with Sch B caused a time-/dose-dependent reduction in EAT index (up to 39%) and adipocyte size (up to 67%) and elevation in serum NEFA level (up to 55%). Sch B treatment induced hepatic steatosis in a time-/dose-dependent manner, as indicated by increases in total vacuole area (up to 3.2 fold vs. the vehicle control) and lipid positive staining area (up to 17.5 × 103 μm2) in liver tissue. Hepatic index and serum HGF levels were increased by 18–60% and 42–71% at 12–120 h and 24–72 h post-Sch B dosing, respectively. In addition, ultrastructural changes, such as increase in size and disruption of cristae, in hepatic mitochondria were observed in Sch B-treated mice. Conclusion Our findings suggest that exogenous sources of TG and the breakdown of fat storage in the body contribute to Sch B-induced hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis in mice. Hepatomegaly (a probable hepatotoxic action) caused by Sch B may result from the fat accumulation and mitochondrial damage in liver tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, HKBU Shenzhen Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Zhu-Sheng Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Si-Yuan Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Ming Xie
- Department of Formulaology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Kam-Ming Ko
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Dong Q, Hou H, Wu J, Chen Y. The Nrf2-ARE pathway is associated with Schisandrin b attenuating benzo(a)pyrene-Induced HTR cells damages in vitro. Environ Toxicol 2016; 31:1439-1449. [PMID: 25946486 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
As is ubiquitous in the environmental sources, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) has been reported to induce reprotoxicity in previous studies. Toxicity to trophoblast cells may be one key factor, but evidences were absent. We speculated that BaP can induce cytotoxicity in human trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo (HTR) cells, and Schisandrin B (Sch B) as a potential protector can inhibit the cytotoxicity. MTS assay identified that BaP induced HTR cells death while Sch B played a cytoprotective role. And after Nrf2 interference, the ability of Sch B-induced cytoprotection was declined. Furthermore, PCR, western blot, ELISA, and SOD assays were found that Sch B significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2, HO1, NQO1, and SOD in the Nrf2-ARE pathway, and the extents of increase were declined after Nrf2 interference. These results demonstrated that the Nrf2-ARE pathway plays an important role in Sch B attenuating BaP-induced HTR cells damages in vitro. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1439-1449, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qulong Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Forces, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Haiyan Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Forces, Tianjin, 300162, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Program in Public Health and Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA
| | - Yaqiong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Forces, Tianjin, 300162, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Tianjin, 300162, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Leong PK, Ko KM. Schisandrin B: A Double-Edged Sword in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016; 2016:6171658. [PMID: 27847552 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6171658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver lesions ranging from hepatic steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The high global prevalence of NAFLD has underlined the important public health implications of this disease. The pathogenesis of NAFLD involves the abnormal accumulation of free fatty acids, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and a proinflammatory state in the liver. Schisandrin B (Sch B), an active dibenzooctadiene lignan isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis (a traditional Chinese herb), was found to possess antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, anti-ER stress, and anti-inflammatory activities in cultured hepatocytes in vitro and in rodent livers in vivo. Whereas a long-term, low dose regimen of Sch B induces an antihyperlipidemic response in obese mice fed a high fat diet, a single bolus high dose of Sch B increases serum/hepatic lipid levels in mice. This differential action of Sch B is likely related to a dose/time-dependent biphasic response on lipid metabolism in mice. The hepatoprotection afforded by Sch B against oxidative stress, ER stress, and inflammation has been widely reported. The ensemble of results suggests that Sch B may offer potential as a therapeutic agent for NAFLD. The optimal dose and duration of Sch B treatment need to be established in order to ensure maximal efficacy and safety when used in humans.
Collapse
|