1
|
Yang B, Lin Y, Huang Y, Shen YQ, Chen Q. Thioredoxin (Trx): A redox target and modulator of cellular senescence and aging-related diseases. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103032. [PMID: 38232457 PMCID: PMC10827563 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) is a compact redox-regulatory protein that modulates cellular redox state by reducing oxidized proteins. Trx exhibits dual functionality as an antioxidant and a cofactor for diverse enzymes and transcription factors, thereby exerting influence over their activity and function. Trx has emerged as a pivotal biomarker for various diseases, particularly those associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and aging. Recent clinical investigations have underscored the significance of Trx in disease diagnosis, treatment, and mechanistic elucidation. Despite its paramount importance, the intricate interplay between Trx and cellular senescence-a condition characterized by irreversible growth arrest induced by multiple aging stimuli-remains inadequately understood. In this review, our objective is to present a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the structure and function of Trx, its involvement in redox signaling pathways and cellular senescence, its association with aging and age-related diseases, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target. Our review aims to elucidate the novel and extensive role of Trx in senescence while highlighting its implications for aging and age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yumeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yibo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Ying-Qiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Trinh VH, Nguyen Huu T, Sah DK, Choi JM, Yoon HJ, Park SC, Jung YS, Lee SR. Redox Regulation of PTEN by Reactive Oxygen Species: Its Role in Physiological Processes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:199. [PMID: 38397797 PMCID: PMC10886030 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor due to its ability to regulate cell survival, growth, and proliferation by downregulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In addition, PTEN plays an essential role in other physiological events associated with cell growth demands, such as ischemia-reperfusion, nerve injury, and immune responsiveness. Therefore, recently, PTEN inhibition has emerged as a potential therapeutic intervention in these situations. Increasing evidence demonstrates that reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are produced and required for the signaling in many important cellular processes under such physiological conditions. ROS have been shown to oxidize PTEN at the cysteine residue of its active site, consequently inhibiting its function. Herein, we provide an overview of studies that highlight the role of the oxidative inhibition of PTEN in physiological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vu Hoang Trinh
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501190, Republic of Korea; (V.H.T.); (T.N.H.); (D.K.S.); (J.M.C.); (H.J.Y.)
- Department of Oncology, Department of Medical Sciences, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thang Nguyen Huu
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501190, Republic of Korea; (V.H.T.); (T.N.H.); (D.K.S.); (J.M.C.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Dhiraj Kumar Sah
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501190, Republic of Korea; (V.H.T.); (T.N.H.); (D.K.S.); (J.M.C.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Jin Myung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501190, Republic of Korea; (V.H.T.); (T.N.H.); (D.K.S.); (J.M.C.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Hyun Joong Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501190, Republic of Korea; (V.H.T.); (T.N.H.); (D.K.S.); (J.M.C.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Sang Chul Park
- The Future Life & Society Research Center, Advanced Institute of Aging Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yu Seok Jung
- Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501190, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung-Rock Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501190, Republic of Korea; (V.H.T.); (T.N.H.); (D.K.S.); (J.M.C.); (H.J.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kansal H, Chopra V, Garg K, Sharma S. Role of thioredoxin in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a promising future target. Respir Res 2023; 24:295. [PMID: 38001457 PMCID: PMC10668376 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thioredoxin (Trx) is a secretory protein that acts as an antioxidant, redox regulator, anti-allergic, and anti-inflammatory molecule. It has been used to treat dermatitis and inflammation of the digestive tract. In the lungs, Trx has a significant anti-inflammatory impact. On the other hand, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the significant causes of death in the developed world, with a tremendous individual and socioeconomic impact. Despite new initiatives and endless treatment trials, COPD incidence and death will likely escalate in the coming decades. AREAS COVERED COPD is a chronic inflammatory disease impacting the airways, lung parenchyma, and pulmonary vasculature. Oxidative stress and protease-antiprotease imbalances are thought to be involved in the process. The most popular respiratory inflammatory and allergic disorders therapies are corticosteroids and β-receptor agonists. These medications are helpful but have some drawbacks, such as infection and immunosuppression; thus, addressing Trx signalling treatments may be a viable COPD treatment approach. This review shall cover the pathophysiology of COPD, the pharmacognosy of anti-COPD drugs, including the assets and liabilities of each, and the role and mechanism of Trx in COPD treatment. EXPERT OPINION Limited research has targeted the thioredoxin system as an anti-COPD drug. Spectating the increase in the mortality rates of COPD, this review article would be an interesting one to research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heena Kansal
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Vishal Chopra
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Government Medical College, Patiala, India
| | - Kranti Garg
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Government Medical College, Patiala, India
| | - Siddharth Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chaudière J. Biological and Catalytic Properties of Selenoproteins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10109. [PMID: 37373256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenocysteine is a catalytic residue at the active site of all selenoenzymes in bacteria and mammals, and it is incorporated into the polypeptide backbone by a co-translational process that relies on the recoding of a UGA termination codon into a serine/selenocysteine codon. The best-characterized selenoproteins from mammalian species and bacteria are discussed with emphasis on their biological function and catalytic mechanisms. A total of 25 genes coding for selenoproteins have been identified in the genome of mammals. Unlike the selenoenzymes of anaerobic bacteria, most mammalian selenoenzymes work as antioxidants and as redox regulators of cell metabolism and functions. Selenoprotein P contains several selenocysteine residues and serves as a selenocysteine reservoir for other selenoproteins in mammals. Although extensively studied, glutathione peroxidases are incompletely understood in terms of local and time-dependent distribution, and regulatory functions. Selenoenzymes take advantage of the nucleophilic reactivity of the selenolate form of selenocysteine. It is used with peroxides and their by-products such as disulfides and sulfoxides, but also with iodine in iodinated phenolic substrates. This results in the formation of Se-X bonds (X = O, S, N, or I) from which a selenenylsulfide intermediate is invariably produced. The initial selenolate group is then recycled by thiol addition. In bacterial glycine reductase and D-proline reductase, an unusual catalytic rupture of selenium-carbon bonds is observed. The exchange of selenium for sulfur in selenoproteins, and information obtained from model reactions, suggest that a generic advantage of selenium compared with sulfur relies on faster kinetics and better reversibility of its oxidation reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Chaudière
- CBMN (CNRS, UMR 5248), University of Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nguyen Huu T, Park J, Zhang Y, Duong Thanh H, Park I, Choi JM, Yoon HJ, Park SC, Woo HA, Lee SR. The Role of Oxidative Inactivation of Phosphatase PTEN and TCPTP in Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010120. [PMID: 36670982 PMCID: PMC9854873 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Despite the different etiologies, their spectra and histological feature are similar, from simple steatosis to more advanced stages such as steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Studies including peroxiredoxin knockout models revealed that oxidative stress is crucial in these diseases, which present as consequences of redox imbalance. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are a superfamily of enzymes that are major targets of reactive oxygen species (ROS) because of an oxidation-susceptible nucleophilic cysteine in their active site. Herein, we review the oxidative inactivation of two tumor suppressor PTPs, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) and T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP), and their contribution to the pathogenicity of ALD and NAFLD, respectively. This review might provide a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of these diseases and help develop new therapeutic strategies to treat fatty liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thang Nguyen Huu
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58 128, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hien Duong Thanh
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58 128, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Iha Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Myung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joong Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Park
- The Future Life and Society Research Center, Advanced Institute of Aging Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ae Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Rock Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-379-2775; Fax: +82-61-379-2782
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu F, Cai Z, Yang Y, Plasko G, Zhao P, Wu X, Tang C, Li D, Li T, Hu S, Song L, Yu S, Xu R, Luo H, Fan L, Wang E, Xiao Z, Ji Y, Zeng R, Li R, Bai J, Zhou Z, Liu F, Zhang J. The adipocyte-enriched secretory protein tetranectin exacerbates type 2 diabetes by inhibiting insulin secretion from β cells. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabq1799. [PMID: 36129988 PMCID: PMC9491725 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β cell failure is a hallmark of diabetes. However, the causes of β cell failure remain incomplete. Here, we report the identification of tetranectin (TN), an adipose tissue-enriched secretory molecule, as a negative regulator of insulin secretion in β cells in diabetes. TN expression is stimulated by high glucose in adipocytes via the p38 MAPK/TXNIP/thioredoxin/OCT4 signaling pathway, and elevated serum TN levels are associated with diabetes. TN treatment greatly exacerbates hyperglycemia in mice and suppresses glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in islets. Conversely, knockout of TN or neutralization of TN function notably improves insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in high-fat diet-fed mice. Mechanistically, TN binds with high selectivity to β cells and inhibits insulin secretion by blocking L-type Ca2+ channels. Our study uncovers an adipocyte-β cell cross-talk that contributes to β cell dysfunction in diabetes and suggests that neutralization of TN levels may provide a new treatment strategy for type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fen Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zixin Cai
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yan Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - George Plasko
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Piao Zhao
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyue Wu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Dandan Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Liver Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shanbiao Hu
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shaojie Yu
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Hairong Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Libin Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ersong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Zhen Xiao
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujiao Ji
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Rongxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Juli Bai
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Feng Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nguyen Huu T, Park J, Zhang Y, Park I, Yoon HJ, Woo HA, Lee SR. Redox Regulation of PTEN by Peroxiredoxins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020302. [PMID: 33669370 PMCID: PMC7920247 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is known as a tumor suppressor gene that is frequently mutated in numerous human cancers and inherited syndromes. PTEN functions as a negative regulator of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by dephosphorylating phosphatidylinositol (3, 4, 5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) to phosphatidylinositol (4, 5)-bisphosphate (PIP2), which leads to the inhibition of cell growth, proliferation, cell survival, and protein synthesis. PTEN contains a cysteine residue in the active site that can be oxidized by peroxides, forming an intramolecular disulfide bond between Cys124 and Cys71. Redox regulation of PTEN by reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a crucial role in cellular signaling. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a superfamily of peroxidase that catalyzes reduction of peroxides and maintains redox homeostasis. Mammalian Prxs have 6 isoforms (I-VI) and can scavenge cellular peroxides. It has been demonstrated that Prx I can preserve and promote the tumor-suppressive function of PTEN by preventing oxidation of PTEN under benign oxidative stress via direct interaction. Also, Prx II-deficient cells increased PTEN oxidation and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, Prx III has been shown to protect PTEN from oxidation induced by 15s-HpETE and 12s-HpETE, these are potent inflammatory and pro-oxidant mediators. Understanding the tight connection between PTEN and Prxs is important for providing novel therapies. Herein, we summarized recent studies focusing on the relationship of Prxs and the redox regulation of PTEN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thang Nguyen Huu
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (T.N.H.); (I.P.); (H.J.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea;
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Iha Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (T.N.H.); (I.P.); (H.J.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea
| | - Hyun Joong Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (T.N.H.); (I.P.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Hyun Ae Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.A.W.); (S.-R.L.); Tel.: +82-2-3277-4654 (H.A.W.); +82-61-379-2775 (S.-R.L.); Fax: +82-2-3277-3760 (H.A.W.); +82-61-379-2782 (S.-R.L.)
| | - Seung-Rock Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (T.N.H.); (I.P.); (H.J.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.A.W.); (S.-R.L.); Tel.: +82-2-3277-4654 (H.A.W.); +82-61-379-2775 (S.-R.L.); Fax: +82-2-3277-3760 (H.A.W.); +82-61-379-2782 (S.-R.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cai B, Liu M, Li J, Xu D, Li J. Cigarette smoke extract amplifies NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS production to inactivate PTEN by oxidation in BEAS-2B cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 150:112050. [PMID: 33577944 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is widely recognized as a global public health problem and the third leading cause of mortality worldwide by 2020. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a dual-specificity protein and lipid phosphatase that plays an important role in COPD. However, the redox regulation of PTEN in the development of COPD was poorly studied. Our results showed that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) could oxidize PTEN in a time-dependent manner in BEAS-2B cells, whereas PTEN oxidation exposed to CSE was delayed compared to that of H2O2. Additionally, we found that ROS derived from DUOX1 and 2 of NADPH oxidases were mainly responsible for oxidative inactivation PTEN, also simultaneously led to Trx-1 inactivation by dimerization. Oxidative mechanism of PTEN exposed to CSE was mediated by forming a disulfide bond between Cys71and Cys124, similar to H2O2. Inactivation of PTEN resulted in the increased phosphorylation of Akt. In conclusion, CSE exposure could elevate the intracellular ROS mainly from DUOX1 and 2 to oxidize PTEN and Trx-1 resulting in Akt activation, eventually cause the occurrence of COPD, suggesting that PTEN is a potential target for new therapies in COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bangrong Cai
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Research Center for Special Processing Technology of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengya Liu
- Henan Research Center for Special Processing Technology of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinxing Li
- Henan Research Center for Special Processing Technology of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dujuan Xu
- Henan Research Center for Special Processing Technology of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang Y, Park J, Han SJ, Park I, Huu TN, Kim JS, Woo HA, Lee SR. The critical role of redox regulation of PTEN and peroxiredoxin III in alcoholic fatty liver. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:141-148. [PMID: 33249138 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis and subsequent fatty liver disease are developed in response to alcohol consumption. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are thought to play an important role in the alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD). However, the molecular targets of ROS and the underlying cellular mechanisms are unknown. Here, we investigate roles of peroxiredoxin III and redox regulation of phosphatase and tension homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) in the alcoholic fatty liver. Alcohol-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress was found to contribute to reversible oxidation of PTEN, which results in Akt and MAPK hyperactivation with elevated levels of the lipogenesis regulators SREBP1c and PPARγ. Moreover, mitochondrial peroxiredoxin III was found to have antagonistic effects on lipogenesis via the redox regulation of PTEN by removing ROS, upon alcohol exposure. This study demonstrated that redox regulation of PTEN and peroxiredoxin III play crucial roles in the development of AFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Jiyoung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, South Korea
| | - Seong-Jeong Han
- COTDE Inc. 19-3, Ugakgol-gil, Susin-myeon, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-882, South Korea
| | - Iha Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 501-190, South Korea
| | - Thang Nguyen Huu
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 501-190, South Korea
| | - Jong-Suk Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 560-182, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ae Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, South Korea.
| | - Seung-Rock Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 501-190, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yoshihara E. TXNIP/TBP-2: A Master Regulator for Glucose Homeostasis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E765. [PMID: 32824669 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of thioredoxin binding protein-2 (TBP-2), which is currently known as thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), as an important binding partner for thioredoxin (TRX) revealed that an evolutionarily conserved reduction-oxidation (redox) signal complex plays an important role for pathophysiology. Due to the reducing activity of TRX, the TRX/TXNIP signal complex has been shown to be an important regulator for redox-related signal transduction in many types of cells in various species. In addition to its role in redox-dependent regulation, TXNIP has cellular functions that are performed in a redox-independent manner, which largely rely on their scaffolding function as an ancestral α-Arrestin family. Both the redox-dependent and -independent TXNIP functions serve as regulatory pathways in glucose metabolism. This review highlights the key advances in understanding TXNIP function as a master regulator for whole-body glucose homeostasis. The potential for therapeutic advantages of targeting TXNIP in diabetes and the future direction of the study are also discussed.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Y, Roh YJ, Han SJ, Park I, Lee HM, Ok YS, Lee BC, Lee SR. Role of Selenoproteins in Redox Regulation of Signaling and the Antioxidant System: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E383. [PMID: 32380763 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium is a vital trace element present as selenocysteine (Sec) in proteins that are, thus, known as selenoproteins. Humans have 25 selenoproteins, most of which are functionally characterized as oxidoreductases, where the Sec residue plays a catalytic role in redox regulation and antioxidant activity. Glutathione peroxidase plays a pivotal role in scavenging and inactivating hydrogen and lipid peroxides, whereas thioredoxin reductase reduces oxidized thioredoxins as well as non-disulfide substrates, such as lipid hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxide. Selenoprotein R protects the cell against oxidative damage by reducing methionine-R-sulfoxide back to methionine. Selenoprotein O regulates redox homeostasis with catalytic activity of protein AMPylation. Moreover, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane selenoproteins (SelI, K, N, S, and Sel15) are involved in ER membrane stress regulation. Selenoproteins containing the CXXU motif (SelH, M, T, V, and W) are putative oxidoreductases that participate in various cellular processes depending on redox regulation. Herein, we review the recent studies on the role of selenoproteins in redox regulation and their physiological functions in humans, as well as their role in various diseases.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Y, Park J, Han SJ, Yang SY, Yoon HJ, Park I, Woo HA, Lee SR. Redox regulation of tumor suppressor PTEN in cell signaling. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101553. [PMID: 32413744 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homologs deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a potent tumor suppressor and often dysregulated in cancers. Cellular PTEN activity is restrained by the oxidation of active-site cysteine by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recovery of its enzymatic activity predominantly depends on the availability of cellular thioredoxin (Trx) and peroxiredoxins (Prx), both are important players in cell signaling. Trx and Prx undergo redox-dependent conformational changes through the oxidation of cysteine residues at their active sites. Their dynamics are essential for protein functionality and regulation. In this review, we summarized the recent advances regarding the redox regulation of PTEN, with a specific focus on our current state-of-the-art understanding of the redox regulation of PTEN. We also proposed a tight association of the redox regulation of PTEN with Trx dimerization and Prx hyperoxidation, providing guidance for the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
13
|
Quan Y, Hua S, Li W, Zhan M, Li Y, Lu L. Resveratrol bidirectionally regulates insulin effects in skeletal muscle through alternation of intracellular redox homeostasis. Life Sci 2019; 242:117188. [PMID: 31863772 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Reactive oxygen species (ROS) bidirectionally regulate insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. Insulin-induced ROS generation elevates insulin-regulated metabolic effects; however, chronic oxidative stress causes severe insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Resveratrol (RV), as a natural antioxidant, eliminates intracellular ROS. It's unclear that whether it has different roles in insulin signaling pathway in skeletal muscle. MAIN METHODS C57BL/6J mice and C2C12 myotubes were used to assess metabolic regulation effects of RV. Protein activation was detected using Immunofluorescence and Western Blot analysis. ROS were analyzed using confocal microscope and flow cytometry sorting (FACS). Intracellular reducing molecules were detected using an enzymatic method. Glucose uptake was measured using a fluorescent deoxyglucose analog (2-NBDG). KEY FINDINGS We found that RV attenuated insulin-stimulated AKT phosphorylation via elimination of insulin-induced ROS generation in skeletal muscle, suggesting that RV decreased activation of the insulin-induced AKT signaling. In skeletal muscle of insulin resistance, RV reduced oxidative stress, restored intracellular glutathione (GSH) level, and enhanced insulin-induced AKT activation and glucose absorption. These results suggested that RV ameliorated insulin resistance by change of redox levels in skeletal muscle. SIGNIFICANCE This study revealed bidirectional regulation effects of RV on insulin-stimulated metabolism in skeletal muscle through alternation of intracellular redox homeostasis, which might provide a guidance role for treatment of metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingyao Quan
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, PR China
| | - Shengni Hua
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affilated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, PR China
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, PR China
| | - Yong Li
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, PR China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang Y, Park J, Han SJ, Lim Y, Park I, Kim JS, Woo HA, Lee SR. Peroxiredoxin III Protects Tumor Suppressor PTEN from Oxidation by 15-Hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic Acid. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2019; 2019:2828493. [PMID: 31636803 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2828493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a lipid and protein phosphatase that coordinates various cellular processes. Its activity is regulated by the reversible oxidation of an active-site cysteine residue by H2O2 and thioredoxin. However, the potential role of lipid peroxides in the redox regulation of PTEN remains obscure. To evaluate this, 15-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (15s-HpETE), a lipid peroxide, was employed to investigate its effect on PTEN using molecular and cellular-based assays. Exposure to 15s-HpETE resulted in the oxidation of recombinant PTEN. Reversible oxidation of PTEN was also observed in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells treated with a 15s-HpETE and Lipofectamine mixture. The oxidative dimerization of thioredoxin was found simultaneously. In addition, the absence of peroxiredoxin III aggravated 15s-HpETE-induced PTEN oxidation in MEF cells. Our study provides novel insight into the mechanism linking lipid peroxidation to the etiology of tumorigenesis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu T, Wang Y, Wang Y, Chan AM. Multifaceted Regulation of PTEN Subcellular Distributions and Biological Functions. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1247. [PMID: 31454965 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor gene frequently found to be inactivated in over 30% of human cancers. PTEN encodes a 54-kDa lipid phosphatase that serves as a gatekeeper of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway involved in the promotion of multiple pro-tumorigenic phenotypes. Although the PTEN protein plays a pivotal role in carcinogenesis, cumulative evidence has implicated it as a key signaling molecule in several other diseases as well, such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and autism spectrum disorders. This finding suggests that diverse cell types, especially differentiated cells, express PTEN. At the cellular level, PTEN is widely distributed in all subcellular compartments and organelles. Surprisingly, the cytoplasmic compartment, not the plasma membrane, is the predominant subcellular location of PTEN. More recently, the finding of a secreted 'long' isoform of PTEN and the presence of PTEN in the cell nucleus further revealed unexpected biological functions of this multifaceted molecule. At the regulatory level, PTEN activity, stability, and subcellular distribution are modulated by a fascinating array of post-translational modification events, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation. Dysregulation of these regulatory mechanisms has been observed in various human diseases. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of the knowledge gained in the last decade on how different functional domains of PTEN regulate its biological functions, with special emphasis on its subcellular distribution. This review also highlights the findings of published studies that have reported how mutational alterations in specific PTEN domains can lead to pathogenesis in humans.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhou W, Wang J, Qi Q, Feng Z, Huang B, Chen A, Zhang D, Li W, Zhang Q, Bjerkvig R, Li X, Wang J. Matrine induces senescence of human glioblastoma cells through suppression of the IGF1/PI3K/AKT/p27 signaling pathway. Cancer Med 2018; 7:4729-4743. [PMID: 30079478 PMCID: PMC6143938 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrine, a traditional Chinese medicine, has recently been shown to have antitumor properties in diverse cancer cells. Here, we explored the effect of matrine on human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells. METHODS Glioblastoma multiforme cell lines were treated with matrine to assess proliferation and viability using EdU and CCK8 assays. SA-β-gal assays were used to evaluate cellular senescence, and a cytokine array and ELISA assay were used to screen for secreted cytokines altered in GBM cells after matrine treatment. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were performed to evaluate protein levels in matrine-treated cell lines and in samples obtained from orthotopic xenografts. Specific activators of AKT and IGF1 were used to identify the pathways mediating the effect. RESULTS Matrine potently inhibited growth of GBM cell lines in vitro. Based on in situ assays, growth arrest induced by matrine was primarily achieved through induction of cellular senescence. Matrine treatment led to decreased expression of proteins involved in promoting cell growth, IGF1, PI3K, and pAKT. Exposure of cells to a small molecule activating AKT (SC79) and recombinant IGF1 led to a reduced number of senescent SA-β-gal-positive cells in the presence of matrine. Finally, matrine inhibited growth of orthotopic xenografts established from luciferase-stable-U251 or luciferase-stable-P3 cells and prolonged overall survival in mice. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that matrine arrested cell growth through inhibition of IGF1/PI3K/AKT signaling. Matrine warrants further investigation as a potential therapy in the treatment of patients with GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Remodeling, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiwei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Remodeling, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qichao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Remodeling, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zichao Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Remodeling, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Remodeling, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Anjing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Remodeling, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Remodeling, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Remodeling, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Remodeling, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- Department of Biomedicine, K G Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Remodeling, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Remodeling, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Biomedicine, K G Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|