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Yu Y, Li Y, Wen C, Yang F, Chen X, Yi W, Deng L, Cheng X, Yu N, Huang L. High-frequency hearing vulnerability associated with the different supporting potential of Hensen's cells: SMART-Seq2 RNA sequencing. Biosci Trends 2024:2024.01044. [PMID: 38583982 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2024.01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Hearing loss is the third most prevalent physical condition affecting communication, well-being, and healthcare costs. Sensorineural hearing loss often occurs first in the high-frequency region (basal turn), then towards the low-frequency region (apical turn). However, the mechanism is still unclear. Supporting cells play a critical role in the maintenance of normal cochlear function. The function and supporting capacity of these cells may be different from different frequency regions. Hensen's cells are one of the unique supporting cell types characterized by lipid droplets (LDs) in the cytoplasm. Here, we investigated the morphological and gene expression differences of Hensen's cells along the cochlear axis. We observed a gradient change in the morphological characteristics of Hensen's cells along the cochlear tonotopic axis, with larger and more abundant LDs observed in apical Hensen's cells. Smart-seq2 RNA-seq revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between apical and basal Hensen's cells that clustered in several pathways, including unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, cholesterol metabolism, and fatty acid catabolism, which are associated with different energy storage capacities and metabolic potential. These findings suggest potential differences in lipid metabolism and oxidative energy supply between apical and basal Hensen's cells, which is consistent with the morphological differences of Hensen's cells. We also found differential expression patterns of candidate genes associated with hereditary hearing loss (HHL), noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), and age-related hearing loss (ARHL). These findings indicate functional heterogeneity of SCs along the cochlear axis, contribute to our understanding of cochlear physiology and provide molecular basis evidence for future studies of hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiding Yu
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Wen
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Fengbo Yang
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xuemin Chen
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqi Yi
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Deng
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Cheng
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Yu
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lihui Huang
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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2
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Strepay D, Olszewski RT, Nixon S, Korrapati S, Adadey S, Griffith AJ, Su Y, Liu J, Vishwasrao H, Gu S, Saunders T, Roux I, Hoa M. Transgenic Tg(Kcnj10-ZsGreen) fluorescent reporter mice allow visualization of intermediate cells in the stria vascularis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3038. [PMID: 38321040 PMCID: PMC10847169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The stria vascularis (SV) is a stratified epithelium in the lateral wall of the mammalian cochlea, responsible for both endolymphatic ion homeostasis and generation of the endocochlear potential (EP) critical for normal hearing. The SV has three layers consisting predominantly of basal, intermediate, and marginal cells. Intermediate and marginal cells form an intricate interdigitated network of cell projections making discrimination of the cells challenging. To enable intermediate cell visualization, we engineered by BAC transgenesis, reporter mouse lines expressing ZsGreen fluorescent protein under the control of Kcnj10 promoter and regulatory sequences. Kcnj10 encodes KCNJ10 protein (also known as Kir4.1 or Kir1.2), an ATP-sensitive inwardly-rectifying potassium channel critical to EP generation, highly expressed in SV intermediate cells. In these transgenic mice, ZsGreen fluorescence mimics Kcnj10 endogenous expression in the cochlea and was detected in the intermediate cells of the SV, in the inner phalangeal cells, Hensen's, Deiters' and pillar cells, in a subset of spiral ganglion neurons, and in glial cells. We show that expression of the transgene in hemizygous mice does not alter auditory function, nor EP. These transgenic Tg(Kcnj10-ZsGreen) mice allow live and fixed tissue visualization of ZsGreen-expressing intermediate cells and will facilitate future studies of stria vascularis cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon Strepay
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, Neurotology Branch, National Institute On Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, 35 Convent Dr., Room 1F-226, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3745, USA
| | - Rafal T Olszewski
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, Neurotology Branch, National Institute On Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, 35 Convent Dr., Room 1F-226, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3745, USA
| | - Sydney Nixon
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, Neurotology Branch, National Institute On Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, 35 Convent Dr., Room 1F-226, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3745, USA
| | - Soumya Korrapati
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, Neurotology Branch, National Institute On Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, 35 Convent Dr., Room 1F-226, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3745, USA
| | - Samuel Adadey
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, Neurotology Branch, National Institute On Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, 35 Convent Dr., Room 1F-226, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3745, USA
| | - Andrew J Griffith
- Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yijun Su
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jiamin Liu
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harshad Vishwasrao
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shoujun Gu
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, Neurotology Branch, National Institute On Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, 35 Convent Dr., Room 1F-226, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3745, USA
| | - Thomas Saunders
- Transgenic Animal Model Core, Biomedical Research Core Facility, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Isabelle Roux
- Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Michael Hoa
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, Neurotology Branch, National Institute On Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, 35 Convent Dr., Room 1F-226, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3745, USA.
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Guo J, Mei H, Zhang Y, Che C, Guo L, Zhang Y, Li H, Sun S. Glutamate-aspartate transporter dysfunction enhances aminoglycoside-induced cochlear hair cell death via NMDA receptor activation. Neurochem Int 2023; 169:105587. [PMID: 37495172 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate is a crucial neurotransmitter for hearing transduction in the cochlea, but excess glutamate is detrimental to the survival of cochlear sensory cells. Glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST) is the major transporter for glutamate removal; however, its role in aminoglycoside-induced hair cell loss is not well studied. In the present study, we first investigated the localization and expression of GLAST over the course of development of the mouse cochlea, and we found that inhibition of GLAST increased hair cell death. However, when the glutamate receptor NMDAR was inhibited by D-AP5, hair cell death was no longer increased by the GLAST inhibitor. Our results indicate that GLAST inhibition aggravates damage to cochlear hair cells, which may occur via NMDAR, and this suggests new clinical strategies for ameliorating the ototoxicity associated with the dysfunction of glutamate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Guo
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Honglin Mei
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chenhao Che
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Luo Guo
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yunzhong Zhang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Shan Sun
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Huang M, Zou M, Mao S, Xu W, Hong Y, Wang H, Gui F, Yang L, Lian F, Chen R. 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol confirms ototoxicity in mouse cochlear organotypic cultures and induces cytotoxicity in HEI-OC1 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 475:116612. [PMID: 37463651 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The metabolite of organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF), 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), is persistent and mobile toxic substance in soil and water environments, exhibiting cytotoxic, genotoxic, and neurotoxic properties. However, little is known about its effects on the peripheral auditory system. Herein, we investigated the effects of TCP exposure on mouse postnatal day 3 (P3) cochlear culture and an auditory cell line HEI-OC1 to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of ototoxicity. The damage of TCP to outer hair cells (OHC) and support cells (SC) was observed in a dose and time-dependent manner. OHC and SC were a significant loss from basal to apical turn of the cochlea under exposure over 800 μM TCP for 96 h. As TCP concentrations increased, cell viability was reduced whereas reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptotic cells, and the extent of DNA damage were increased, accordingly. TCP-induced phosphorylation of the p38 and JNK MAPK are the downstream effectors of ROS. The antioxidant agent, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), could reverse TCP-mediated intracellular ROS generation, inhibit the expressive level of cleaved-caspase 3 and block phosphorylation of p38/JNK. Overall, this is the first demonstration of TCP damaging to peripheral sensory HCs and SC in organotypic cultures from the postnatal cochlea. Data also showed that TCP exposure induced oxidase stress, cell apoptosis and DNA damage in the HEI-OC1 cells. These findings serve as an important reference for assessing the risk of TCP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Huang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Mingshan Zou
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Shuangshuang Mao
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Wenqi Xu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yu Hong
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Fei Gui
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Fuzhi Lian
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
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Abstract
Orchestration of protein production and degradation and the regulation of protein lifetimes play a central role in many basic biological processes. Nearly all mammalian proteins are replenished by protein turnover in waves of synthesis and degradation. Protein lifetimes in vivo are typically measured in days, but a small number of extremely long-lived proteins (ELLPs) persist for months or even years. ELLPs are rare in all tissues but are enriched in tissues containing terminally differentiated post-mitotic cells and extracellular matrix. Consistently, emerging evidence suggests that the cochlea may be particularly enriched in ELLPs. Damage to ELLPs in specialized cell types, such as crystallin in the lens cells of the eye, causes organ failure such as cataracts. Similarly, damage to cochlear ELLPs is likely to occur with many insults, including acoustic overstimulation, drugs, anoxia, and antibiotics, and may play an underappreciated role in hearing loss. Furthermore, hampered protein degradation may contribute to acquired hearing loss. In this review, I highlight our knowledge of the lifetimes of cochlear proteins with an emphasis on ELLPs and the potential contribution that impaired cochlear protein degradation has on acquired hearing loss and the emerging relevance of ELLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey N Savas
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Moysan L, Fazekas F, Fekete A, Köles L, Zelles T, Berekméri E. Ca 2+ Dynamics of Gap Junction Coupled and Uncoupled Deiters' Cells in the Organ of Corti in Hearing BALB/c Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11095. [PMID: 37446272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP, as a paracrine signalling molecule, induces intracellular Ca2+ elevation via the activation of purinergic receptors on the surface of glia-like cochlear supporting cells. These cells, including the Deiters' cells (DCs), are also coupled by gap junctions that allow the propagation of intercellular Ca2+ waves via diffusion of Ca2+ mobilising second messenger IP3 between neighbouring cells. We have compared the ATP-evoked Ca2+ transients and the effect of two different gap junction (GJ) blockers (octanol and carbenoxolone, CBX) on the Ca2+ transients in DCs located in the apical and middle turns of the hemicochlea preparation of BALB/c mice (P14-19). Octanol had no effect on Ca2+ signalling, while CBX inhibited the ATP response, more prominently in the middle turn. Based on astrocyte models and using our experimental results, we successfully simulated the Ca2+ dynamics in DCs in different cochlear regions. The mathematical model reliably described the Ca2+ transients in the DCs and suggested that the tonotopical differences could originate from differences in purinoceptor and Ca2+ pump expressions and in IP3-Ca2+ release mechanisms. The cochlear turn-dependent effect of CBX might be the result of the differing connexin isoform composition of GJs along the tonotopic axis. The contribution of IP3-mediated Ca2+ signalling inhibition by CBX cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Moysan
- Department of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina Fazekas
- Department of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adam Fekete
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - László Köles
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Zelles
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Berekméri
- Department of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
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Kersbergen CJ, Babola TA, Kanold PO, Bergles DE. Preservation of developmental spontaneous activity enables early auditory system maturation in deaf mice. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002160. [PMID: 37368868 PMCID: PMC10298803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically generated neural activity propagates through the developing auditory system to promote maturation and refinement of sound processing circuits prior to hearing onset. This early patterned activity is induced by non-sensory supporting cells in the organ of Corti, which are highly interconnected through gap junctions containing connexin 26 (Gjb2). Although loss of function mutations in Gjb2 impair cochlear development and are the most common cause of congenital deafness, it is not known if these variants disrupt spontaneous activity and the developmental trajectory of sound processing circuits in the brain. Here, we show in a new mouse model of Gjb2-mediated congenital deafness that cochlear supporting cells adjacent to inner hair cells (IHCs) unexpectedly retain intercellular coupling and the capacity to generate spontaneous activity, exhibiting only modest deficits prior to hearing onset. Supporting cells lacking Gjb2 elicited coordinated activation of IHCs, leading to coincident bursts of activity in central auditory neurons that will later process similar frequencies of sound. Despite alterations in the structure of the sensory epithelium, hair cells within the cochlea of Gjb2-deficient mice were intact and central auditory neurons could be activated within appropriate tonotopic domains by loud sounds at hearing onset, indicating that early maturation and refinement of auditory circuits was preserved. Only after cessation of spontaneous activity following hearing onset did progressive hair cell degeneration and enhanced auditory neuron excitability manifest. This preservation of cochlear spontaneous neural activity in the absence of connexin 26 may increase the effectiveness of early therapeutic interventions to restore hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin J. Kersbergen
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Travis A. Babola
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Patrick O. Kanold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dwight E. Bergles
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Galdieri J, Adams C, Padilla M, Stawicki TM. The role of calcium, Akt and ERK signaling in cadmium-induced hair cell death. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 124:103815. [PMID: 36634791 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to heavy metals has been shown to cause damage to a variety of different tissues and cell types including hair cells, the sensory cells of our inner ears responsible for hearing and balance. Elevated levels of one such metal, cadmium, have been associated with hearing loss and shown to cause hair cell death in multiple experimental models. While the mechanisms of cadmium-induced cell death have been extensively studied in other cell types they remain relatively unknown in hair cells. We have found that calcium signaling, which is known to play a role in cadmium-induced cell death in other cell types through calmodulin and CaMKII activation as well as IP3 receptor and mitochondrial calcium uniporter mediated calcium flow, does not appear to play a significant role in cadmium-induced hair cell death. While calmodulin inhibition can partially protect hair cells this may be due to impacts on mechanotransduction activity. Removal of extracellular calcium, and inhibiting CaMKII, the IP3 receptor and the mitochondrial calcium uniporter all failed to protect against cadmium-induced hair cell death. We also found cadmium treatment increased pAkt levels in hair cells and pERK levels in supporting cells. This activation may be protective as inhibiting these pathways enhances cadmium-induced hair cell death rather than protecting cells. Thus cadmium-induced hair cell death appears distinct from cadmium-induced cell death in other cell types where calcium, Akt and ERK signaling all promote cell death.
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Barnes CC, Yee KT, Vetter DE. Conditional Ablation of Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Receptors from Cochlear Supporting Cells Reveals Their Differential Roles for Hearing Sensitivity and Dynamics of Recovery from Noise-Induced Hearing Loss. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3320. [PMID: 36834731 PMCID: PMC9961551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous glucocorticoids (GC) are known to modulate basic elements of cochlear physiology. These include both noise-induced injury and circadian rhythms. While GC signaling in the cochlea can directly influence auditory transduction via actions on hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons, evidence also indicates that GC signaling exerts effects via tissue homeostatic processes that can include effects on cochlear immunomodulation. GCs act at both the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Most cell types in the cochlea express both receptors sensitive to GCs. The GR is associated with acquired sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) through its effects on both gene expression and immunomodulatory programs. The MR has been associated with age-related hearing loss through dysfunction of ionic homeostatic balance. Cochlear supporting cells maintain local homeostatic requirements, are sensitive to perturbation, and participate in inflammatory signaling. Here, we have used conditional gene manipulation techniques to target Nr3c1 (GR) or Nr3c2 (MR) for tamoxifen-induced gene ablation in Sox9-expressing cochlear supporting cells of adult mice to investigate whether either of the receptors sensitive to GCs plays a role in protecting against (or exacerbating) noise-induced cochlear damage. We have selected mild intensity noise exposure to examine the role of these receptors related to more commonly experienced noise levels. Our results reveal distinct roles of these GC receptors for both basal auditory thresholds prior to noise exposure and during recovery from mild noise exposure. Prior to noise exposure, auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were measured in mice carrying the floxed allele of interest and the Cre recombinase transgene, but not receiving tamoxifen injections (defined as control (no tamoxifen treatment), versus conditional knockout (cKO) mice, defined as mice having received tamoxifen injections. Results revealed hypersensitive thresholds to mid- to low-frequencies after tamoxifen-induced GR ablation from Sox9-expressing cochlear supporting cells compared to control (no tamoxifen) mice. GR ablation from Sox9-expressing cochlear supporting cells resulted in a permanent threshold shift in mid-basal cochlear frequency regions after mild noise exposure that produced only a temporary threshold shift in both control (no tamoxifen) f/fGR:Sox9iCre+ and heterozygous f/+GR:Sox9iCre+ tamoxifen-treated mice. A similar comparison of basal ABRs measured in control (no tamoxifen) and tamoxifen-treated, floxed MR mice prior to noise exposure indicated no difference in baseline thresholds. After mild noise exposure, MR ablation was initially associated with a complete threshold recovery at 22.6 kHz by 3 days post-noise. Threshold continued to shift to higher sensitivity over time such that by 30 days post-noise exposure the 22.6 kHz ABR threshold was 10 dB more sensitive than baseline. Further, MR ablation produced a temporary reduction in peak 1 neural amplitude one day post-noise. While supporting cell GR ablation trended towards reducing numbers of ribbon synapses, MR ablation reduced ribbon synapse counts but did not exacerbate noise-induced damage including synapse loss at the experimental endpoint. GR ablation from the targeted supporting cells increased the basal resting number of Iba1-positive (innate) immune cells (no noise exposure) and decreased the number of Iba1-positive cells seven days following noise exposure. MR ablation did not alter innate immune cell numbers at seven days post-noise exposure. Taken together, these findings support differential roles of cochlear supporting cell MR and GR expression at basal, resting conditions and especially during recovery from noise exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C. Barnes
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Kathleen T. Yee
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Douglas E. Vetter
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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10
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Gilels FA, Wang J, Bullen A, White PM, Kiernan AE. Deletion of the Notch ligand Jagged1 during cochlear maturation leads to inner hair cell defects and hearing loss. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:971. [PMID: 36400760 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05380-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian cochlea is an exceptionally well-organized epithelium composed of hair cells, supporting cells, and innervating neurons. Loss or defects in any of these cell types, particularly the specialized sensory hair cells, leads to deafness. The Notch pathway is known to play a critical role in the decision to become either a hair cell or a supporting cell during embryogenesis; however, little is known about how Notch functions later during cochlear maturation. Uniquely amongst Notch ligands, Jagged1 (JAG1) is localized to supporting cells during cell fate acquisition and continues to be expressed into adulthood. Here, we demonstrate that JAG1 in maturing cochlear supporting cells is essential for normal cochlear function. Specifically, we show that deletion of JAG1 during cochlear maturation disrupts the inner hair cell pathway and leads to a type of deafness clinically similar to auditory neuropathy. Common pathologies associated with disruptions in inner hair cell function, including loss of hair cells, synapses, or auditory neurons, were not observed in JAG1 mutant cochleae. Instead, RNA-seq analysis of JAG1-deficient cochleae identified dysregulation of the Rho GTPase pathway, known to be involved in stereocilia development and maintenance. Interestingly, the overexpression of one of the altered genes, Diaph3, is responsible for autosomal dominant auditory neuropathy-1 (AUNA1) in humans and mice, and is associated with defects in the inner hair cell stereocilia. Strikingly, ultrastructural analyses of JAG1-deleted cochleae revealed stereocilia defects in inner hair cells, including fused and elongated bundles, that were similar to those stereocilia defects reported in AUNA1 mice. Taken together, these data indicate a novel role for Notch signaling in normal hearing development through maintaining stereocilia integrity of the inner hair cells during cochlear maturation.
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11
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Peng L, Hu G, Yao Q, Wu J, He Z, Law BYK, Hu G, Zhou X, Du J, Wu A, Yu L. Microglia autophagy in ischemic stroke: A double-edged sword. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1013311. [PMID: 36466850 PMCID: PMC9708732 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1013311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the major types of cerebrovascular diseases causing neurological morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the pathophysiological process of IS, microglia play a beneficial role in tissue repair. However, it could also cause cellular damage, consequently leading to cell death. Inflammation is characterized by the activation of microglia, and increasing evidence showed that autophagy interacts with inflammation through regulating correlative mediators and signaling pathways. In this paper, we summarized the beneficial and harmful effects of microglia in IS. In addition, we discussed the interplay between microglia autophagy and ischemic inflammation, as along with its application in the treatment of IS. We believe this could help to provide the theoretical references for further study into IS and treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Peng
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Medicine Imaging, School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Guangqiang Hu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qianfang Yao
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ziyang He
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Betty Yuen-Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Guishan Hu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhou
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Junrong Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anguo Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Medicine Imaging, School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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12
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Wan H, Zhang Y, Hua Q. Cellular autophagy, the compelling roles in hearing function and dysfunction. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:966202. [PMID: 36246522 PMCID: PMC9561951 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.966202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is currently a major health issue. As one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, SNHL is associated with the degradation of hair cells (HCs), spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), the stria vascularis, supporting cells and central auditory system cells. Autophagy is a highly integrated cellular system that eliminates impaired components and replenishes energy to benefit cellular homeostasis. Etiological links between autophagy alterations and neurodegenerative diseases, such as SNHL, have been established. The hearing pathway is complex and depends on the comprehensive functions of many types of tissues and cells in auditory system. In this review, we discuss the roles of autophagy in promoting and inhibiting hearing, paying particular attention to specific cells in the auditory system, as discerned through research. Hence, our review provides enlightening ideas for the role of autophagy in hearing development and impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanzhi Wan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yuanyuan Zhang,
| | - Qingquan Hua
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Qingquan Hua,
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13
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You D, Guo J, Zhang Y, Guo L, Lu X, Huang X, Sun S, Li H. The heterogeneity of mammalian utricular cells over the course of development. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1052. [PMID: 36178017 PMCID: PMC9523683 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inner ear organ is a delicate tissue consisting of hair cells (HCs) and supporting cells (SCs).The mammalian inner ear HCs are terminally differentiated cells that cannot spontaneously regenerate in adults. Epithelial non-hair cells (ENHCs) in the utricle include HC progenitors and SCs, and the progenitors share similar characteristics with SCs in the neonatal inner ear. METHODS We applied single-cell sequencing to whole mouse utricles from the neonatal period to adulthood, including samples from postnatal day (P)2, P7 and P30 mice. Furthermore, using transgenic mice and immunostaining, we traced the source of new HC generation. RESULTS We identified several sensory epithelial cell clusters and further found that new HCs arose mainly through differentiation from Sox9+ progenitor cells and that only a few cells were produced by mitotic proliferation in both neonatal and adult mouse utricles. In addition, we identified the proliferative cells using the marker UbcH10 and demonstrated that in adulthood the mitotically generated HCs were primarily found in the extrastriola. Moreover, we observed that not only Type II, but also Type I HCs could be regenerated by either mitotic cell proliferation or progenitor cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings expand our understanding of ENHC cell fate and the characteristics of the vestibular organs in mammals over the course of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan You
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina,Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jin Guo
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yunzhong Zhang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Luo Guo
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoling Lu
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xinsheng Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shan Sun
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina,Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina,The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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14
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Abstract
It is well established that humans and other mammals are minimally regenerative compared with organisms such as zebrafish, salamander or amphibians. In recent years, however, the identification of regenerative potential in neonatal mouse tissues that normally heal poorly in adults has transformed our understanding of regenerative capacity in mammals. In this Review, we survey the mammalian tissues for which regenerative or improved neonatal healing has been established, including the heart, cochlear hair cells, the brain and spinal cord, and dense connective tissues. We also highlight common and/or tissue-specific mechanisms of neonatal regeneration, which involve cells, signaling pathways, extracellular matrix, immune cells and other factors. The identification of such common features across neonatal tissues may direct therapeutic strategies that will be broadly applicable to multiple adult tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice H. Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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15
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Janesick AS, Scheibinger M, Benkafadar N, Kirti S, Heller S. Avian auditory hair cell regeneration is accompanied by JAK/STAT-dependent expression of immune-related genes in supporting cells. Development 2022; 149:dev200113. [PMID: 35420675 PMCID: PMC10656459 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The avian hearing organ is the basilar papilla that, in sharp contrast to the mammalian cochlea, can regenerate sensory hair cells and thereby recover from deafness within weeks. The mechanisms that trigger, sustain and terminate the regenerative response in vivo are largely unknown. Here, we profile the changes in gene expression in the chicken basilar papilla after aminoglycoside antibiotic-induced hair cell loss using RNA-sequencing. We identified changes in gene expression of a group of immune-related genes and confirmed with single-cell RNA-sequencing that these changes occur in supporting cells. In situ hybridization was used to further validate these findings. We determined that the JAK/STAT signaling pathway is essential for upregulation of the damage-response genes in supporting cells during the second day after induction of hair cell loss. Four days after ototoxic damage, we identified newly regenerated, nascent auditory hair cells that express genes linked to termination of the JAK/STAT signaling response. The robust, transient expression of immune-related genes in supporting cells suggests a potential functional involvement of JAK/STAT signaling in sensory hair cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S. Janesick
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mirko Scheibinger
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nesrine Benkafadar
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sakin Kirti
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stefan Heller
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
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16
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Abstract
The inner ear comprises the cochlea and vestibular system, which detect sound and acceleration stimulation, respectively. The function of the inner ear is regulated by ion transport activity among sensory epithelial cells, neuronal cells, non-sensory epithelial cells, and luminal fluid with a unique ionic composition of high [K+] and low [Na+], which enables normal hearing and balance maintenance. One of the important mechanisms regulating ion transport in the inner ear is purinergic signaling. Various purinergic receptors are distributed throughout inner ear epithelial cells and neuronal cells. To date, most studies have focused on the role of purinergic receptors in the cochlea, and few studies have examined these receptors in the vestibular system. As purinergic receptors play an important role in the cochlea, they would likely do the same in the vestibular system, which is fairly similar to the cochlea in cellular structure and function. Based on available studies performed to date, purinergic signaling is postulated to be involved in the regulation of ion homeostasis, protection of hair cells, otoconia formation, and regulation of electrical signaling from the sensory epithelium to vestibular neurons. In this review, the distribution and roles of purinergic receptors in the peripheral vestibular system are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Huhn Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Langlie J, Finberg A, Bencie NB, Mittal J, Omidian H, Omidi Y, Mittal R, Eshraghi AA. Recent advancements in cell-based models for auditory disorders. Bioimpacts 2022; 12:155-169. [PMID: 35411298 PMCID: PMC8905588 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2022.23900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
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Introduction: Cell-based models play an important role in understanding the pathophysiology and etiology of auditory disorders. For the auditory system, models have primarily focused on restoring inner and outer hair cells. However, they have largely underrepresented the surrounding structures and cells that support the function of the hair cells.
Methods: In this article, we will review recent advancements in the evolution of cell-based models of auditory disorders in their progression towards three dimensional (3D) models and organoids that more closely mimic the pathophysiology in vivo.
Results: With the elucidation of the molecular targets and transcription factors required to generate diverse cell lines of the components of inner ear, research is starting to progress from two dimensional (2D) models to a greater 3D approach. Of note, the 3D models of the inner ear, including organoids, are relatively new and emerging in the field. As 3D models of the inner ear continue to evolve in complexity, their role in modeling disease will grow as they bridge the gap between cell culture and in vivo models.
Conclusion: Using 3D cell models to understand the etiology and molecular mechanisms underlying auditory disorders holds great potential for developing more targeted and effective novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Langlie
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ariel Finberg
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Nathalie B. Bencie
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Hossein Omidian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Adrien A. Eshraghi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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18
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Tisi A, Rovers J, Vink HA, Ramekers D, Maccarone R, Versnel H. No Protective Effects of Hair Cells or Supporting Cells in Ototoxically Deafened Guinea Pigs upon Administration of BDNF. Brain Sci 2021; 12:2. [PMID: 35053747 PMCID: PMC8773526 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is known to protect spiral ganglion cells (SGCs), could also protect hair cells (HCs) and supporting cells (SCs) in the organ of Corti of a guinea pig model of sensorineural hearing loss. Hearing loss was induced by administration of kanamycin/furosemide and two BDNF treatments were performed: (1) by gelatin sponge (BDNF-GS) with acute cochlear implantation (CI), and (2) through a mini-osmotic pump (BDNF-OP) with chronic CI. Outer HCs (OHCs), inner HCs (IHCs), Border, Phalangeal, Pillar, Deiters', and Hensen's cells were counted. The BDNF-GS cochleas had significantly fewer OHCs compared to the untreated ones, while the IHC and SC numbers did not differ between treated and untreated cochleas. The BDNF-OP group showed similar cell numbers to the untreated group. SGC packing density was not correlated with the total number of SCs for either BDNF group. Our data suggest that: (1) BDNF does not prevent cell death in the organ of Corti, and that the protection of SGCs could result from a direct targeting by BDNF; (2) BDNF might induce a different function/activity of the remaining cells in the organ of Corti (independently from cell number).
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Tisi
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L′Aquila, 67100 L′Aquila, Italy; (A.T.); (R.M.)
| | - Jochebed Rovers
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Room G.02.531, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.R.); (H.A.V.); (D.R.)
| | - Henk A. Vink
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Room G.02.531, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.R.); (H.A.V.); (D.R.)
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dyan Ramekers
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Room G.02.531, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.R.); (H.A.V.); (D.R.)
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rita Maccarone
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L′Aquila, 67100 L′Aquila, Italy; (A.T.); (R.M.)
| | - Huib Versnel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Room G.02.531, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.R.); (H.A.V.); (D.R.)
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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19
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Milon B, Shulman ED, So KS, Cederroth CR, Lipford EL, Sperber M, Sellon JB, Sarlus H, Pregernig G, Shuster B, Song Y, Mitra S, Orvis J, Margulies Z, Ogawa Y, Shults C, Depireux DA, Palermo AT, Canlon B, Burns J, Elkon R, Hertzano R. A cell-type-specific atlas of the inner ear transcriptional response to acoustic trauma. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109758. [PMID: 34592158 PMCID: PMC8709734 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) results from a complex interplay of damage to the sensory cells of the inner ear, dysfunction of its lateral wall, axonal retraction of type 1C spiral ganglion neurons, and activation of the immune response. We use RiboTag and single-cell RNA sequencing to survey the cell-type-specific molecular landscape of the mouse inner ear before and after noise trauma. We identify induction of the transcription factors STAT3 and IRF7 and immune-related genes across all cell-types. Yet, cell-type-specific transcriptomic changes dominate the response. The ATF3/ATF4 stress-response pathway is robustly induced in the type 1A noise-resilient neurons, potassium transport genes are downregulated in the lateral wall, mRNA metabolism genes are downregulated in outer hair cells, and deafness-associated genes are downregulated in most cell types. This transcriptomic resource is available via the Gene Expression Analysis Resource (gEAR; https://umgear.org/NIHL) and provides a blueprint for the rational development of drugs to prevent and treat NIHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Milon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Eldad D Shulman
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kathy S So
- Decibel Therapeutics, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christopher R Cederroth
- Laboratory of Experimental Audiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Erika L Lipford
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Michal Sperber
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Heela Sarlus
- Laboratory of Experimental Audiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Applied Immunology & Immunotherapy, Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Benjamin Shuster
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yang Song
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sunayana Mitra
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Joshua Orvis
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Zachary Margulies
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yoko Ogawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Christopher Shults
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | | | | - Barbara Canlon
- Laboratory of Experimental Audiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joe Burns
- Decibel Therapeutics, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ran Elkon
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Ronna Hertzano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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20
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Abstract
Mammalian inner ear hair cells do not have the ability to spontaneously regenerate, so their irreversible damage is the main cause of sensorineural hearing loss. The damage and loss of hair cells are mainly caused by factors such as aging, infection, genetic factors, hypoxia, autoimmune diseases, ototoxic drugs, or noise exposure. In recent years, research on the regeneration and functional recovery of mammalian auditory hair cells has attracted more and more attention in the field of auditory research. How to regenerate and protect hair cells or auditory neurons through biological methods and rebuild auditory circuits and functions are key scientific issues that need to be resolved in this field. This review mainly summarizes and discusses the recent research progress in gene therapy and molecular mechanisms related to hair cell regeneration in the field of sensorineural hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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21
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Jan TA, Eltawil Y, Ling AH, Chen L, Ellwanger DC, Heller S, Cheng AG. Spatiotemporal dynamics of inner ear sensory and non-sensory cells revealed by single-cell transcriptomics. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109358. [PMID: 34260939 PMCID: PMC8378666 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The utricle is a vestibular sensory organ that requires mechanosensitive hair cells to detect linear acceleration. In neonatal mice, new hair cells are derived from non-sensory supporting cells, yet cell type diversity and mechanisms of cell addition remain poorly characterized. Here, we perform computational analyses on single-cell transcriptomes to categorize cell types and resolve 14 individual sensory and non-sensory subtypes. Along the periphery of the sensory epithelium, we uncover distinct groups of transitional epithelial cells, marked by Islr, Cnmd, and Enpep expression. By reconstructing de novo trajectories and gene dynamics, we show that as the utricle expands, Islr+ transitional epithelial cells exhibit a dynamic and proliferative phase to generate new supporting cells, followed by coordinated differentiation into hair cells. Taken together, our study reveals a sequential and coordinated process by which non-sensory epithelial cells contribute to growth of the postnatal mouse sensory epithelium. The postnatal mouse utricle expands by more than 35% and doubles its number of hair cells during the first 8 days. Using single-cell transcriptomics, Jan et al. show that the surrounding transitional epithelial cells proliferate and contribute to the expansion of the sensory epithelium through a stepwise differentiation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha A Jan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Yasmin Eltawil
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Angela H Ling
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Leon Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel C Ellwanger
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Stefan Heller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Alan G Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
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22
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Maharajan N, Cho GW, Jang CH. Therapeutic Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cochlear Regeneration. In Vivo 2021; 35:13-22. [PMID: 33402445 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss is one of the major worldwide health problems that seriously affects human social and cognitive development. In the auditory system, three components outer ear, middle ear and inner ear are essential for the hearing mechanism. In the inner ear, sensory hair cells and ganglion neuronal cells are the essential supporters for hearing mechanism. Damage to these cells can be caused by long-term exposure of excessive noise, ototoxic drugs (aminoglycosides), ear tumors, infections, heredity and aging. Since mammalian cochlear hair cells do not regenerate naturally, some therapeutic interventions may be required to replace the damaged or lost cells. Cochlear implants and hearing aids are the temporary solutions for people suffering from severe hearing loss. The current discoveries in gene therapy may provide a deeper understanding in essential genes for the inner ear regeneration. Stem cell migration, survival and differentiation to supporting cells, cochlear hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons are the important foundation in understanding stem cell therapy. Moreover, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from different sources (bone marrow, umbilical cord, adipose tissue and placenta) could be used in inner ear therapy. Transplanted MSCs in the inner ear can recruit homing factors at the damaged sites to induce transdifferentiation into inner hair cells and ganglion neurons or regeneration of sensory hair cells, thus enhancing the cochlear function. This review summarizes the potential application of mesenchymal stem cells in hearing restoration and combining stem cell and molecular therapeutic strategies can also be used in the recovery of cochlear function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagarajan Maharajan
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Won Cho
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Ho Jang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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23
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Morell M, IJsseldijk LL, Piscitelli-Doshkov M, Ostertag S, Estrade V, Haulena M, Doshkov P, Bourien J, Raverty SA, Siebert U, Puel JL, Shadwick RE. Cochlear apical morphology in toothed whales: Using the pairing hair cell-Deiters' cell as a marker to detect lesions. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 305:622-642. [PMID: 34096183 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The apex or apical region of the cochlear spiral within the inner ear encodes for low-frequency sounds. The disposition of sensory hair cells on the organ of Corti is largely variable in the apical region of mammals, and it does not necessarily follow the typical three-row pattern of outer hair cells (OHCs). As most underwater noise sources contain low-frequency components, we expect to find most lesions in the apical region of the cochlea of toothed whales, in cases of permanent noise-induced hearing loss. To further understand how man-made noise might affect cetacean hearing, there is a need to describe normal morphological features of the apex and document interspecific anatomic variations in cetaceans. However, distinguishing between apical normal variability and hair cell death is challenging. We describe anatomical features of the organ of Corti of the apex in 23 ears from five species of toothed whales (harbor porpoise Phocoena phocoena, spinner dolphin Stenella longirostris, pantropical spotted dolphin Stenella attenuata, pygmy sperm whale Kogia breviceps, and beluga whale Delphinapterus leucas) by scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. Our results showed an initial region where the lowest frequencies are encoded with two or three rows of OHCs, followed by the typical configuration of three OHC rows and three rows of supporting Deiters' cells. Whenever two rows of OHCs were detected, there were usually only two corresponding rows of supporting Deiters' cells, suggesting that the number of rows of Deiters' cells is a good indicator to distinguish between normal and pathological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Morell
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Büsum, Germany.,Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, INSERM Unit 1051, Montpellier, France.,Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lonneke L IJsseldijk
- Division of Pathology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sonja Ostertag
- School of Public Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.,Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Martin Haulena
- Vancouver Aquarium Marine Science Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul Doshkov
- Cape Hatteras National Seashore, Manteo, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jérôme Bourien
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, INSERM Unit 1051, Montpellier, France
| | - Stephen A Raverty
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Animal Health Center, Animal Health Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ursula Siebert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Büsum, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Puel
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, INSERM Unit 1051, Montpellier, France
| | - Robert E Shadwick
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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24
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Sun Y, Jiang X, Xue M, Yu Y, Tao J. Suppression of delayed rectifier K + channels by gentamicin induces membrane hyperexcitability through JNK and PKA signaling pathways in vestibular ganglion neurons. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111185. [PMID: 33422932 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as gentamicin, are known to have vestibulotoxic effects, including ataxia and disequilibrium. To date, however, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we determined the role of gentamicin in regulating the sustained delayed rectifier K+ current (IDR) and membrane excitability in vestibular ganglion (VG) neurons in mice. Our results showed that the application of gentamicin to VG neurons decreased the IDR in a concentration-dependent manner, while the transient outward A-type K+ current (IA) remained unaffected. The decrease in IDR induced by gentamicin was independent of G-protein activity and led to a hyperpolarizing shift of the inactivation Vhalf. The analysis of phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) revealed that gentamicin significantly stimulated JNK, while p-ERK and p-p38 remained unaffected. Blocking Kv1 channels with α-dendrotoxin or pretreating VG neurons with the JNK inhibitor II abrogated the gentamicin-induced decrease in IDR. Antagonism of JNK signaling attenuated the gentamicin-induced stimulation of PKA activity, whereas PKA inhibition prevented the IDR response induced by gentamicin. Moreover, gentamicin significantly increased the number of action potentials fired in both phasic and tonic firing type neurons; pretreating VG neurons with the JNK inhibitor II and the blockade of the IDR abolished this effect. Taken together, our results demonstrate that gentamicin decreases the IDR through a G-protein-independent but JNK and PKA-mediated signaling pathways. This gentamicin-induced IDR response mediates VG neuronal hyperexcitability and might contribute to its pharmacological vestibular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmei Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China; Department of Physiology and Neurobiology & Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics & Institute of Neuroscience, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, PR China; Department of Physiology and Neurobiology & Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Zizhang Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Yufang Sun
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology & Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Xinghong Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology & Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Man Xue
- Suzhou Institute for Drug Control, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Yafeng Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China.
| | - Jin Tao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology & Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
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25
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Bai H, Yang S, Xi C, Wang X, Xu J, Weng M, Zhao R, Jiang L, Gao X, Bing J, Zhang M, Zhang X, Han Z, Zeng S. Signaling pathways (Notch, Wnt, Bmp and Fgf) have additive effects on hair cell regeneration in the chick basilar papilla after streptomycin injury in vitro: Additive effects of signaling pathways on hair cell regeneration. Hear Res 2020; 401:108161. [PMID: 33422722 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.108161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hair cells can be regenerated after damage by transdifferentiation in which a supporting cell directly differentiates into a hair cell without mitosis. However, such regeneration is at the cost of exhausting the support cells in the mammalian mature cochlea. Thus, more effective methods should be found to promote mitotic regeneration but partially preserve support cells after damage. To address the issue, we first injured hair cells in the chick basilar papillae (BP) by treatment with streptomycin in vitro. We then compared the mitotic regeneration on the neural side in the middle part of BP after treatment with a pharmacological inhibitor or agonist of the Notch (DAPT), Wnt (LiCl), Bmp (Noggin) or Fgf (SU5402) signaling pathway, with that after treatment with combinations of two or three inhibitors or agonist of these pathways. Our results indicate that treatments with a single inhibitor or agonist of the Notch, Wnt, Bmp or Fgf signaling pathway could significantly increase mitotic regeneration as well as direct transdifferentiation. The results also show that hair cells (Myosin 7a+), support cells (Sox2+) and mitotically regenerated hair cells (Myosin 7a+/Sox2+/BrdU+) increased significantly on the neural side in the middle part of BP after two or three combinations of the inhibition of Notch, Bmp or Fgf signaling pathway or the activation of Wnt signaling pathway, besides the reported coregulatory effects of Notch and Wnt signaling. The study of the effects of systematic combinations of pathway modulators provided more insight into hair cell regeneration from mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanju Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, 100875 China
| | - Siyuan Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158 China; Hainan Instistute of Science and Technology, Haikou, 571126 China
| | - Chao Xi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, 100875 China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngolgoy, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088 China
| | - Jincao Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngolgoy, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088 China
| | - Menglu Weng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, 100875 China
| | - Ruxia Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, 100875 China
| | - Lingling Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, 100875 China
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngolgoy, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088 China
| | - Jie Bing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, 100875 China
| | - Meiguang Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngolgoy, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088 China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158 China
| | - Zhongming Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngolgoy, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088 China; Department of Otorhinolaryngolgoy, He Bei YanDa Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China 065201.
| | - Shaoju Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, 100875 China.
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26
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Shu Y, Li W, Huang M, Quan YZ, Scheffer D, Tian C, Tao Y, Liu X, Hochedlinger K, Indzhykulian AA, Wang Z, Li H, Chen ZY. Renewed proliferation in adult mouse cochlea and regeneration of hair cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5530. [PMID: 31797926 PMCID: PMC6892913 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult mammalian inner ear lacks the capacity to divide or regenerate. Damage to inner ear generally leads to permanent hearing loss in humans. Here, we present that reprogramming of the adult inner ear induces renewed proliferation and regeneration of inner ear cell types. Co-activation of cell cycle activator Myc and inner ear progenitor gene Notch1 induces robust proliferation of diverse adult cochlear sensory epithelial cell types. Transient MYC and NOTCH activities enable adult supporting cells to respond to transcription factor Atoh1 and efficiently transdifferentiate into hair cell-like cells. Furthermore, we uncover that mTOR pathway participates in MYC/NOTCH-mediated proliferation and regeneration. These regenerated hair cell-like cells take up the styryl dye FM1-43 and are likely to form connections with adult spiral ganglion neurons, supporting that Myc and Notch1 co-activation is sufficient to reprogram fully mature supporting cells to proliferate and regenerate hair cell-like cells in adult mammalian auditory organs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Cell Proliferation/physiology
- Cochlea/cytology
- Cochlea/metabolism
- Cochlea/physiology
- Ear, Inner/cytology
- Ear, Inner/metabolism
- Ear, Inner/physiology
- Epithelial Cells/cytology
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/physiology
- Ganglia, Sensory/cytology
- Ganglia, Sensory/metabolism
- Ganglia, Sensory/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/metabolism
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/physiology
- Humans
- Mice
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- Receptor, Notch1/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Regeneration/genetics
- Regeneration/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilai Shu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Techology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Biomedcial Sciences, Fudan University, 200031, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Techology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Biomedcial Sciences, Fudan University, 200031, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mingqian Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Techology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yi-Zhou Quan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Techology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Deborah Scheffer
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Techology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Chunjie Tian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Techology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Techology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xuezhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Konrad Hochedlinger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Artur A Indzhykulian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Techology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Zhengmin Wang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Biomedcial Sciences, Fudan University, 200031, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Biomedcial Sciences, Fudan University, 200031, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Techology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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27
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Lu J, Hu L, Ye B, Hu H, Tao Y, Shu Y, Hao Chiang, Borse V, Xiang M, Wu H, Edge ASB, Shi F. Increased Type I and Decreased Type II Hair Cells after Deletion of Sox2 in the Developing Mouse Utricle. Neuroscience 2019; 422:146-160. [PMID: 31678344 PMCID: PMC10858341 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The vestibular system of the inner ear contains Type I and Type II hair cells (HCs) generated from sensory progenitor cells; however, little is known about how the HC subtypes are formed. Sox2 (encoding SRY-box 2) is expressed in Type II, but not in Type I, HCs. The present study aimed to investigate the role of SOX2 in cell fate determination in Type I vs. Type II HCs. First, we confirmed that Type I HCs developed from Sox2-expressing cells through lineage tracing of Sox2-positive cells using a CAG-tdTomato reporter mouse crossed with a Sox2-CreER mouse. Then, Sox2 loss of function was induced in HCs, using Sox2flox transgenic mice crossed with a Gfi1-Cre driver mouse. Knockout of Sox2 in HCs increased the number of Type I HCs and decreased the number of Type II HCs, while the total number of HCs and Sox2-positive supporting cells did not change. In addition, the effect of Sox2-knockout persisted into adulthood, resulting in an increased number of Type I HCs. These results demonstrate that SOX2 plays a critical role in the determination of Type II vs. Type I HC fate. The results suggested that Sox2 is a potential target for generating Type I HCs, which may be important for regenerative strategies for balance disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrong Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, China
| | - Lingxiang Hu
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, China; Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital/Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bin Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, China
| | - Haixia Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, China
| | - Yong Tao
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, China; Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital/Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yilai Shu
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Vikrant Borse
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mingliang Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, China; Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital/Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Albert S B Edge
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Fuxin Shi
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Decibel Therapeutics, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Giffen KP, Liu H, Kramer KL, He DZ. Expression of Protein-Coding Gene Orthologs in Zebrafish and Mouse Inner Ear Non-sensory Supporting Cells. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1117. [PMID: 31680844 PMCID: PMC6813431 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-mammalian vertebrates, including zebrafish, retain the ability to regenerate hair cells (HCs) due to unknown molecular mechanisms that regulate proliferation and conversion of non-sensory supporting cells (nsSCs) to HCs. This regenerative capacity is not conserved in mammals. Identification of uniquely expressed orthologous genes in zebrafish nsSCs may reveal gene candidates involved in the proliferation and transdifferentiation of zebrafish nsSCs to HCs in the inner ear. A list of orthologous protein-coding genes was generated based on an Ensembl Biomart comparison of the zebrafish and mouse genomes. Our previously published RNA-seq-based transcriptome datasets of isolated inner ear zebrafish nsSCs and HCs, and mouse non-sensory supporting pillar and Deiters’ cells, and HCs, were merged to analyze gene expression patterns between the two species. Out of 17,498 total orthologs, 11,752 were expressed in zebrafish nsSCs and over 10,000 orthologs were expressed in mouse pillar and Deiters’ cells. Differentially expressed genes common among the zebrafish nsSCs and mouse pillar and Deiters’ cells, compared to species-specific HCs, included 306 downregulated and 314 upregulated genes; however, over 1,500 genes were uniquely upregulated in zebrafish nsSCs. Functional analysis of genes uniquely expressed in nsSCs identified several transcription factors associated with cell fate determination, cell differentiation and nervous system development, indicating inherent molecular properties of nsSCs that promote self-renewal and transdifferentiation into new HCs. Our study provides a means of characterizing these orthologous genes, involved in proliferation and transdifferentiation of nsSCs to HCs in zebrafish, which may lead to identification of potential targets for HC regeneration in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberlee P Giffen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Huizhan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Kenneth L Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - David Z He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
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Banton MI, Bus JS, Collins JJ, Delzell E, Gelbke HP, Kester JE, Moore MM, Waites R, Sarang SS. Evaluation of potential health effects associated with occupational and environmental exposure to styrene - an update. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 2019; 22:1-130. [PMID: 31284836 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2019.1633718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The potential chronic health risks of occupational and environmental exposure to styrene were evaluated to update health hazard and exposure information developed since the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis risk assessment for styrene was performed in 2002. The updated hazard assessment of styrene's health effects indicates human cancers and ototoxicity remain potential concerns. However, mechanistic research on mouse lung tumors demonstrates these tumors are mouse-specific and of low relevance to human cancer risk. The updated toxicity database supports toxicity reference levels of 20 ppm (equates to 400 mg urinary metabolites mandelic acid + phenylglyoxylic acid/g creatinine) for worker inhalation exposure and 3.7 ppm and 2.5 mg/kg bw/day, respectively, for general population inhalation and oral exposure. No cancer risk value estimates are proposed given the established lack of relevance of mouse lung tumors and inconsistent epidemiology evidence. The updated exposure assessment supports inhalation and ingestion routes as important. The updated risk assessment found estimated risks within acceptable ranges for all age groups of the general population and workers with occupational exposures in non-fiber-reinforced polymer composites industries and fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRP) workers using closed-mold operations or open-mold operations with respiratory protection. Only FRP workers using open-mold operations not using respiratory protection have risk exceedances for styrene and should be considered for risk management measures. In addition, given the reported interaction of styrene exposure with noise, noise reduction to sustain levels below 85 dB(A) needs be in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Banton
- a Gorge View Consulting LLC , Hood River , OR , USA
| | - J S Bus
- b Health Sciences , Exponent , Midland , MI , USA
| | - J J Collins
- c Health Sciences , Saginaw Valley State University , Saginaw , MI , USA
| | - E Delzell
- d Private consultant , Birmingham , AL , USA
| | | | - J E Kester
- f Kester Consulting LLC , Wentzville , MO , USA
| | | | - R Waites
- h Sabic , Innovative Plastics US LLC , Mount Vernon , IN , USA
| | - S S Sarang
- i Shell Health , Shell International , Houston , TX , USA
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McDonald L, Dahal D, Konopka M, Liu Q, Pang Y. An NIR emitting styryl dye with large Stokes shift to enable co-staining study on zebrafish neuromast hair cells. Bioorg Chem 2019; 89:103040. [PMID: 31195328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss is a significant public health problem, and the "loss of sensory hair cells" is one of two leading causes in humans. Advanced imaging reagents are desirable for understanding the role of the surrounding support cells in the loss or regeneration of the hair cells. A styryl dye was found to exhibit NIR emission (λem ≈ 684 nm) with a very large Stokes shift (Δν ≈ 9190 cm-1), due to the incorporation of excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanism. When used to stain live zebrafish embryos, the probe was found to exhibit good selectivity in targeting neuromasts, which are sensory organs on the surface of the fish's body. The finding was verified by direct comparison with the known neuromast-labeling reagent, 4-Di-2-ASP. In contrast to the existing styryl dyes that label neuromast hair cells, the new probe labeled both neuromast hair cells and the surrounding support cells, while giving discernable signals. The study thus illustrated a useful tool to aid the developmental study of two closely related cell types on the mechanosensory sensory organ of zebrafish, which is a powerful animal model for hearing loss research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States
| | - Dipendra Dahal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States
| | - Michael Konopka
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Biology, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States.
| | - Yi Pang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States.
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31
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Berekméri E, Szepesy J, Köles L, Zelles T. Purinergic signaling in the organ of Corti: Potential therapeutic targets of sensorineural hearing losses. Brain Res Bull 2019; 151:109-118. [PMID: 30721767 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling is deeply involved in the development, functions and protective mechanisms of the cochlea. Release of ATP and activation of purinergic receptors on sensory and supporting/epithelial cells play a substantial role in cochlear (patho)physiology. Both the ionotropic P2X and the metabotropic P2Y receptors are widely distributed on the inner and outer hair cells as well as on the different supporting cells in the organ of Corti and on other epithelial cells in the scala media. Among others, they are implicated in the sensitivity adjustment of the receptor cells by a K+ shunt and can attenuate the cochlear amplification by modifying cochlear micromechanics acting on outer hair cells and supporting cells. Cochlear blood flow is also regulated by purines. Sensorineural hearing losses currently lack any specific or efficient pharmacotherapy. Decreasing hearing sensitivity and increasing cochlear blood supply by pharmacological targeting of purinergic signaling in the cochlea are potential new therapeutic approaches in these hearing disabilities, especially in the noise-induced ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Berekméri
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Szepesy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Köles
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Zelles
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
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32
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Berekméri E, Deák O, Téglás T, Sághy É, Horváth T, Aller M, Fekete Á, Köles L, Zelles T. Targeted single-cell electroporation loading of Ca 2+ indicators in the mature hemicochlea preparation. Hear Res 2018; 371:75-86. [PMID: 30504093 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ is an important intracellular messenger and regulator in both physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms in the hearing organ. Investigation of cellular Ca2+ homeostasis in the mature cochlea is hampered by the special anatomy and high vulnerability of the organ. A quick, straightforward and reliable Ca2+ imaging method with high spatial and temporal resolution in the mature organ of Corti is missing. Cell cultures or isolated cells do not preserve the special microenvironment and intercellular communication, while cochlear explants are excised from only a restricted portion of the organ of Corti and usually from neonatal pre-hearing murines. The hemicochlea, prepared from hearing mice allows tonotopic experimental approach on the radial perspective in the basal, middle and apical turns of the organ. We used the preparation recently for functional imaging in supporting cells of the organ of Corti after bulk loading of the Ca2+ indicator. However, bulk loading takes long time, is variable and non-selective, and causes the accumulation of the indicator in the extracellular space. In this study we show the improved labeling of supporting cells of the organ of Corti by targeted single-cell electroporation in mature mouse hemicochlea. Single-cell electroporation proved to be a reliable way of reducing the duration and variability of loading and allowed subcellular Ca2+ imaging by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio, while cell viability was retained during the experiments. We demonstrated the applicability of the method by measuring the effect of purinergic, TRPA1, TRPV1 and ACh receptor stimulation on intracellular Ca2+ concentration at the cellular and subcellular level. In agreement with previous results, ATP evoked reversible and repeatable Ca2+ transients in Deiters', Hensen's and Claudius' cells. TRPA1 and TRPV1 stimulation by AITC and capsaicin, respectively, failed to induce any Ca2+ response in the supporting cells, except in a single Hensen's cell in which AITC evoked transients with smaller amplitude. AITC also caused the displacement of the tissue. Carbachol, agonist of ACh receptors induced Ca2+ transients in about a third of Deiters' and fifth of Hensen's cells. Here we have presented a fast and cell-specific indicator loading method allowing subcellular functional Ca2+ imaging in supporting cells of the organ of Corti in the mature hemicochlea preparation, thus providing a straightforward tool for deciphering the poorly understood regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Berekméri
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Deák
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tímea Téglás
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Sághy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Horváth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Aller
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Fekete
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - László Köles
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Zelles
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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deTorres A, Olszewski RT, Lopez IA, Ishiyama A, Linthicum FH, Hoa M. Supporting cell survival after cochlear implant surgery. Laryngoscope 2018; 129:E36-E40. [PMID: 30325510 DOI: 10.1002/lary.27539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Supporting cells (SCs) provide structure and maintain an environment that allows hair cells to receive and transmit signals in the auditory pathway. After insult to hair cells and ganglion cells, SCs respond by marking unsalvageable cells for death and maintain structural integrity. Although the histopathology after cochlear implantation has been described regarding hair cells and neural structures, surviving SCs in the implanted ear have not. We present a patient whose posthumous examination of an implanted cochlea demonstrated SC survival. This finding has implications for SC function in maintaining electrical hearing and candidacy for future hair cell regeneration therapies. Laryngoscope, 129:E36-E40, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin deTorres
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | | | - Ivan A Lopez
- the NIDCD National Temporal Bone Laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles.,the Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Inner Ear Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Akira Ishiyama
- the NIDCD National Temporal Bone Laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles.,the Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Inner Ear Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Fred H Linthicum
- the NIDCD National Temporal Bone Laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles.,the Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Inner Ear Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Michael Hoa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.,the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, Maryland
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Rossi ML, Rubbini G, Martini M, Canella R, Fesce R. Pre- and Postsynaptic Effects of Glutamate in the Frog Labyrinth. Neuroscience 2018; 385:198-214. [PMID: 29913242 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The role of glutamate in quantal release at the cytoneural junction was examined by measuring mEPSPs and afferent spikes at the posterior canal in the intact frog labyrinth. Release was enhanced by exogenous glutamate, or dl-TBOA, a blocker of glutamate reuptake. Conversely, drugs acting on ionotropic glutamate receptors did not affect release; the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPA-R) blocker CNQX decreased mEPSP size in a dose-dependent manner; the NMDA-R blocker d-AP5 at concentrations <200 µM did not affect mEPSP size, either in the presence or absence of Mg and glycine. In isolated hair cells, glutamate did not modify Ca currents. Instead, it systematically reduced the compound delayed potassium current, IKD, whereas the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-II inverse agonist, (2S)-2-amino-2-[(1S,2S)-2-carboxycycloprop-1-yl]-3-(xanth-9-yl)propanoic acid (LY341495), increased it. Given mGluR-II decrease cAMP production, these finding are consistent with the reported sensitivity of IKD to protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation. LY341495 also enhanced transmitter release, presumably through phosphorylation-mediated facilitation of the release machinery. The observed enhancement of release by glutamate confirms previous literature data, and can be attributed to activation of mGluR-I that promotes Ca release from intracellular stores. Glutamate-induced reduction in the repolarizing IKD may contribute to facilitation of release. Overall, glutamate exerts both a positive feedback action on mGluR-I, through activation of the phospholipase C (PLC)/IP3 path, and the negative feedback, by interfering with substrate phosphorylation through Gi/0-coupled mGluRs-II/III. The positive feedback prevails, which may explain the increase in overall rates of release observed during mechanical stimulation (symmetrical in the excitatory and inhibitory directions). The negative feedback may protect the junction from over-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lisa Rossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Gemma Rubbini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marta Martini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rita Canella
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Fesce
- Centre of Neuroscience, DISTA, Insubria University, Varese, Italy
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35
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Takimoto Y, Ishida Y, Kondo M, Imai T, Hanada Y, Ozono Y, Kamakura T, Inohara H, Shimada S. P2X 2 Receptor Deficiency in Mouse Vestibular End Organs Attenuates Vestibular Function. Neuroscience 2018; 386:41-50. [PMID: 29944897 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
P2X2 receptors are ligand-gated cation channels activated by extracellular ATP that modulate neural transmission in various neuronal systems. Although the function and distribution of P2X2 receptors in the cochlea portion of the inner ear are well established, their physiological role in the vestibular portion is still not understood. Therefore, we investigated P2X2 receptor localization in the peripheral vestibular portion, and assessed their physiological function in vivo using P2X2 receptor knock out (P2X2-KO) mice. Histological analysis revealed that P2X2 receptors were localized on the epithelial surface of supporting and transitional cells of the vestibular end organs. To examine vestibular function in P2X2-KO mice, we conducted behavioral tests and tested the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) during sinusoidal rotations. P2X2-KO mice exhibited significant motor balance impairment in the balance beam test. VOR gain in P2X2-KO mice was significantly reduced, with no decrease in the optokinetic response. In conclusion, we showed that P2X2 receptors are mainly localized in the supporting cells of the vestibular inner ear, and the loss of P2X2 receptors causes mild vestibular dysfunction. Taken together, our findings suggest that the P2X2 receptor plays a modulatory role in vestibular function.
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Tao Y, Huang M, Shu Y, Ruprecht A, Wang H, Tang Y, Vandenberghe LH, Wang Q, Gao G, Kong WJ, Chen ZY. Delivery of Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors in Adult Mammalian Inner-Ear Cell Subtypes Without Auditory Dysfunction. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 29:492-506. [PMID: 29130354 PMCID: PMC5909114 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss, including genetic hearing loss, is one of the most common forms of sensory deficits in humans with limited options of treatment. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene transfer has been shown to recover auditory functions effectively in mouse models of genetic deafness when delivered at neonatal stages. However, the mouse cochlea is still developing at those time points, whereas in humans, the newborn inner ears are already fully mature. For effective gene therapy to treat genetic deafness, it is necessary to determine whether AAV-mediated therapy can be equally effective in the fully mature mouse inner ear without causing damage to the inner ear. This study tested several AAV serotypes by canalostomy in adult mice. It is shown that most AAVs transduce the sensory inner hair cells efficiently, but are less efficient at transducing outer hair cells. A subset of AAVs also transduces non-sensory cochlear cell types. Neither the surgical procedure of canalostomy nor the AAV serotypes damage hair cells or impair normal hearing. The studies indicate that canalostomy can be a viable route for safe and efficient gene delivery, and they expand the repertoire of AAVs to target diverse cell types in the adult inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School and Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingqian Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School and Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yilai Shu
- Department of Otolaryngology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School and Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Adam Ruprecht
- Department of Otolaryngology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School and Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School and Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
- Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School and Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, People's Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Luk H. Vandenberghe
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qiuju Wang
- Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center and Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Jia Kong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School and Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
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Schmitt H, Roemer A, Zeilinger C, Salcher R, Durisin M, Staecker H, Lenarz T, Warnecke A. Heat Shock Proteins in Human Perilymph: Implications for Cochlear Implantation. Otol Neurotol 2018; 39:37-44. [DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000001625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Hanada Y, Nakamura Y, Ishida Y, Takimoto Y, Taniguchi M, Ozono Y, Koyama Y, Morihana T, Imai T, Ota Y, Sato T, Inohara H, Shimada S. Epiphycan is specifically expressed in cochlear supporting cells and is necessary for normal hearing. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 492:379-385. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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39
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Weber LJ, Marcy HK, Shen YC, Tomkovich SE, Brooks KM, Hilk KE, Barald KF. The role of jab1, a putative downstream effector of the neurotrophic cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in zebrafish inner ear hair cell development. Exp Neurol 2017; 301:100-109. [PMID: 28928022 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a neurotrophic cytokine essential for inner ear hair cell (HC) development and statoacoustic ganglion (SAG) neurite outgrowth, and SAG survival in mouse, chick and zebrafish. Another neurotrophic cytokine, Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) is known to synergize with MIF; but MCP1 alone is insufficient to support mouse/chick SAG neurite outgrowth or neuronal survival. Because of the relatively short time over which the zebrafish inner ear develops (~30hpf), the living zebrafish embryo is an ideal system to examine mif and mcp1 cytokine pathways and interactions. We used a novel technique: direct delivery of antisense oligonucleotide morpholinos (MOs) into the embryonic zebrafish otocyst to discover downstream effectors of mif as well as to clarify the relationship between mif and mcp1 in inner ear development. MOs for mif, mcp1 and the presumptive mif and mcp1 effector, c-Jun activation domain-binding protein-1 (jab1), were injected and then electroporated into the zebrafish otocyst 25-48hours post fertilization (hpf). We found that although mif is important at early stages (before 30hpf) for auditory macular HC development, jab1 is more critical for vestibular macular HC development before 30hpf. After 30hpf, mcp1 becomes important for HC development in both maculae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren J Weber
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3728 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA.
| | - Hannah K Marcy
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3728 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA; Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program, 1190 Undergraduate Science Building, 204 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2215, USA.
| | - Yu-Chi Shen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3728 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA.
| | - Sarah E Tomkovich
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3728 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA; Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program, 1190 Undergraduate Science Building, 204 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2215, USA.
| | - Kristina M Brooks
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3728 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA.
| | - Kelly E Hilk
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3728 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA; Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program, 1190 Undergraduate Science Building, 204 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2215, USA.
| | - Kate F Barald
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3728 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA; Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0619, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, USA.
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Johnson SL, Ceriani F, Houston O, Polishchuk R, Polishchuk E, Crispino G, Zorzi V, Mammano F, Marcotti W. Connexin-Mediated Signaling in Nonsensory Cells Is Crucial for the Development of Sensory Inner Hair Cells in the Mouse Cochlea. J Neurosci 2017; 37:258-68. [PMID: 28077706 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2251-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the genes encoding for gap junction proteins connexin 26 (Cx26) and connexin 30 (Cx30) have been linked to syndromic and nonsyndromic hearing loss in mice and humans. The release of ATP from connexin hemichannels in cochlear nonsensory cells has been proposed to be the main trigger for action potential activity in immature sensory inner hair cells (IHCs), which is crucial for the refinement of the developing auditory circuitry. Using connexin knock-out mice, we show that IHCs fire spontaneous action potentials even in the absence of ATP-dependent intercellular Ca2+ signaling in the nonsensory cells. However, this signaling from nonsensory cells was able to increase the intrinsic IHC firing frequency. We also found that connexin expression is key to IHC functional maturation. In Cx26 conditional knock-out mice (Cx26Sox10-Cre), the maturation of IHCs, which normally occurs at approximately postnatal day 12, was partially prevented. Although Cx30 has been shown not to be required for hearing in young adult mice, IHCs from Cx30 knock-out mice exhibited a comprehensive brake in their development, such that their basolateral membrane currents and synaptic machinery retain a prehearing phenotype. We propose that IHC functional differentiation into mature sensory receptors is initiated in the prehearing cochlea provided that the expression of either connexin reaches a threshold level. As such, connexins regulate one of the most crucial functional refinements in the mammalian cochlea, the disruption of which contributes to the deafness phenotype observed in mice and DFNB1 patients. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The correct development and function of the mammalian cochlea relies not only on the sensory hair cells, but also on the surrounding nonsensory cells. Although the nonsensory cells have been largely implicated in the general homeostasis in the mature cochlea, their involvement in the initial functional differentiation of the sensory inner hair cells is less clear. Using mutant mouse models for the most common form of congenital deafness in humans, which are knock-outs for the gap-junction channels connexin 26 and connexin 30 genes, we show that defects in nonsensory cells prevented the functional maturation of inner hair cells. In connexin knock-outs, inner hair cells remained stuck at a prehearing stage of development and, as such, are unable to process sound information.
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Simoni E, Orsini G, Chicca M, Bettini S, Franceschini V, Martini A, Astolfi L. Regenerative medicine in hearing recovery. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:909-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Schulze J, Kaiser O, Paasche G, Lamm H, Pich A, Hoffmann A, Lenarz T, Warnecke A. Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on BDNF-release and neuroprotection: Investigations with human mesenchymal stem cells and genetically modified NIH3T3 fibroblasts as putative cell therapeutics. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178182. [PMID: 28542481 PMCID: PMC5441643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a noninvasive widely applied treatment that increases the oxygen pressure in tissues. In cochlear implant (CI) research, intracochlear application of neurotrophic factors (NTFs) is able to improve survival of spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) after deafness. Cell-based delivery of NTFs such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may be realized by cell-coating of the surface of the CI electrode. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) secrete a variety of different neurotrophic factors and may be used for the development of a biohybrid electrode in order to release endogenously-derived neuroprotective factors for the protection of residual SGN and for a guided outgrowth of dendrites in the direction of the CI electrode. HBOT could be used to influence cell behaviour after transplantation to the inner ear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HBOT on the proliferation, BDNF-release and secretion of neuroprotective factors. Thus, model cells (an immortalized fibroblast cell line (NIH3T3)–native and genetically modified) and MSCs were repeatedly (3 x – 10 x) exposed to 100% oxygen at different pressures. The effects of HBO on cell proliferation were investigated in relation to normoxic and normobaric conditions (NOR). Moreover, the neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects of HBO-treated cells were analysed by cultivation of SGN in conditioned medium. Both, the genetically modified NIH3T3/BDNF and native NIH3T3 fibroblasts, showed a highly significant increased proliferation after five days of HBOT in comparison to normoxic controls. By contrast, the number of MSCs was decreased in MSCs treated with 2.0 bar of HBO. Treating SGN cultures with supernatants of fibroblasts and MSCs significantly increased the survival rate of SGN. HBO treatment did not influence (increase / reduce) this effect. Secretome analysis showed that HBO treatment altered the protein expression pattern in MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Schulze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Hearing4all”, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Odett Kaiser
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Hearing4all”, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerrit Paasche
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Hearing4all”, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans Lamm
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Pich
- Core Facility Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Hoffmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Hearing4all”, Hannover, Germany
| | - Athanasia Warnecke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Hearing4all”, Hannover, Germany
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Jadali A, Ying YLM, Kwan KY. Activation of CHK1 in Supporting Cells Indirectly Promotes Hair Cell Survival. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:137. [PMID: 28572758 PMCID: PMC5435747 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensory hair cells of the inner ear are exquisitely sensitive to ototoxic insults. Loss of hair cells after exposure to ototoxic agents causes hearing loss. Chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin causes hair cell loss. Cisplatin forms DNA mono-adducts as well as intra- and inter-strand DNA crosslinks. DNA cisplatin adducts are repaired through the DNA damage response. The decision between cell survival and cell death following DNA damage rests on factors that are involved in determining damage tolerance, cell survival and apoptosis. Cisplatin damage on hair cells has been the main focus of many ototoxic studies, yet the effect of cisplatin on supporting cells has been largely ignored. In this study, the effects of DNA damage response in cochlear supporting cells were interrogated. Supporting cells play a major role in the development, maintenance and oto-protection of hair cells. Loss of supporting cells may indirectly affect hair cell survival or maintenance. Activation of the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) signaling was previously shown to promote hair cell survival. To test whether activating PI3K signaling promotes supporting cell survival after cisplatin damage, cochlear explants from the neural subset (NS) Cre Pten conditional knockout mice were employed. Deletion of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN) activates PI3K signaling in multiple cell types within the cochlea. Supporting cells lacking PTEN showed increased cell survival after cisplatin damage. Supporting cells lacking PTEN also showed increased phosphorylation of Checkpoint Kinase 1 (CHK1) levels after cisplatin damage. Nearest neighbor analysis showed increased numbers of supporting cells with activated PI3K signaling in close proximity to surviving hair cells in cisplatin damaged cochleae. We propose that increased PI3K signaling promotes supporting cell survival through phosphorylation of CHK1 and increased survival of supporting cells indirectly increases hair cell survival after cisplatin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Jadali
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers UniversityPiscataway, NJ, USA.,Stem Cell Research Center and Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers UniversityPiscataway, NJ, USA.,3D BiotekBridgewater, NJ, USA
| | - Yu-Lan M Ying
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewark, NJ, USA
| | - Kelvin Y Kwan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers UniversityPiscataway, NJ, USA.,Stem Cell Research Center and Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers UniversityPiscataway, NJ, USA
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Bucks SA, Cox BC, Vlosich BA, Manning JP, Nguyen TB, Stone JS. Supporting cells remove and replace sensory receptor hair cells in a balance organ of adult mice. eLife 2017; 6:e18128. [PMID: 28263708 PMCID: PMC5338920 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Vestibular hair cells in the inner ear encode head movements and mediate the sense of balance. These cells undergo cell death and replacement (turnover) throughout life in non-mammalian vertebrates. However, there is no definitive evidence that this process occurs in mammals. We used fate-mapping and other methods to demonstrate that utricular type II vestibular hair cells undergo turnover in adult mice under normal conditions. We found that supporting cells phagocytose both type I and II hair cells. Plp1-CreERT2-expressing supporting cells replace type II hair cells. Type I hair cells are not restored by Plp1-CreERT2-expressing supporting cells or by Atoh1-CreERTM-expressing type II hair cells. Destruction of hair cells causes supporting cells to generate 6 times as many type II hair cells compared to normal conditions. These findings expand our understanding of sensorineural plasticity in adult vestibular organs and further elucidate the roles that supporting cells serve during homeostasis and after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Bucks
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Brandon C Cox
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, United States,Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, United States
| | - Brittany A Vlosich
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - James P Manning
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Tot B Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Jennifer S Stone
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, United States,
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Ramamurthy P, White JB, Yull Park J, Hume RI, Ebisu F, Mendez F, Takayama S, Barald KF. Concomitant differentiation of a population of mouse embryonic stem cells into neuron-like cells and schwann cell-like cells in a slow-flow microfluidic device. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:7-27. [PMID: 27761977 PMCID: PMC5159187 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To send meaningful information to the brain, an inner ear cochlear implant (CI) must become closely coupled to as large and healthy a population of remaining spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) as possible. Inner ear gangliogenesis depends on macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a directionally attractant neurotrophic cytokine made by both Schwann and supporting cells (Bank et al., 2012). MIF-induced mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC)-derived "neurons" could potentially substitute for lost or damaged SGN. mESC-derived "Schwann cells" produce MIF, as do all Schwann cells (Huang et al., a; Roth et al., 2007; Roth et al., 2008) and could attract SGN to a "cell-coated" implant. RESULTS Neuron- and Schwann cell-like cells were produced from a common population of mESCs in an ultra-slow-flow microfluidic device. As the populations interacted, "neurons" grew over the "Schwann cell" lawn, and early events in myelination were documented. Blocking MIF on the Schwann cell side greatly reduced directional neurite outgrowth. MIF-expressing "Schwann cells" were used to coat a CI: Mouse SGN and MIF-induced "neurons" grew directionally to the CI and to a wild-type but not MIF-knockout organ of Corti explant. CONCLUSIONS Two novel stem cell-based approaches for treating the problem of sensorineural hearing loss are described. Developmental Dynamics 246:7-27, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornapriya Ramamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joshua B White
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joong Yull Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Richard I Hume
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Fumi Ebisu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Flor Mendez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kate F Barald
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Fetoni AR, Rolesi R, Paciello F, Eramo SLM, Grassi C, Troiani D, Paludetti G. Styrene enhances the noise induced oxidative stress in the cochlea and affects differently mechanosensory and supporting cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:211-225. [PMID: 27769922 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and human investigations have raised the level of concern about the potential ototoxicity of organic solvents and their interaction with noise. The main objective of this study was to characterize the effects of the combined noise and styrene exposure on hearing focusing on the mechanism of damage on the sensorineural cells and supporting cells of the organ of Corti and neurons of the ganglion of Corti. The impact of single and combined exposures on hearing was evaluated by auditory functional testing and histological analyses of cochlear specimens. The mechanism of damage was studied by analyzing superoxide anion and lipid peroxidation expression and by computational analyses of immunofluorescence data to evaluate and compare the oxidative stress pattern in outer hair cells versus the supporting epithelial cells of the organ of Corti. The oxidative stress hypothesis was further analyzed by evaluating the protective effect of a Coenzyme Q10 analogue, the water soluble Qter, molecule known to have protective antioxidant properties against noise induced hearing loss and by the analysis of the expression of the endogenous defense enzymes. This study provides evidence of a reciprocal noise-styrene synergism based on a redox imbalance mechanism affecting, although with a different intensity of damage, the outer hair cell (OHC) sensory epithelium. Moreover, these two damaging agents address preferentially different cochlear targets: noise mainly the sensory epithelium, styrene the supporting epithelial cells. Namely, the increase pattern of lipid peroxidation in the organ of Corti matched the cell damage distribution, involving predominantly OHC layer in noise exposed cochleae and both OHC and Deiters' cell layers in the styrene or combined exposed cochleae. The antioxidant treatment reduced the lipid peroxidation increase, potentiated the endogenous antioxidant defense system at OHC level in both exposures but it failed to ameliorate the oxidative imbalance and cell death of Deiters' cells in the styrene and combined exposures. Current antioxidant therapeutic approaches to preventing sensory loss focus on hair cells alone. It remains to be seen whether targeting supporting cells, in addition to hair cells, might be an effective approach to protecting exposed subjects.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/drug effects
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/metabolism
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/pathology
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/drug effects
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/metabolism
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/pathology
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/metabolism
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/pathology
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/physiopathology
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/prevention & control
- Labyrinth Supporting Cells/drug effects
- Labyrinth Supporting Cells/metabolism
- Labyrinth Supporting Cells/pathology
- Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects
- Male
- Noise/adverse effects
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Oxidative Stress
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Styrene/toxicity
- Ubiquinone/analogs & derivatives
- Ubiquinone/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Fetoni
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Università Cattolica School of Medicine, Rome, Italy; Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, Monterotondo, Italy.
| | - R Rolesi
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Università Cattolica School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - F Paciello
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Università Cattolica School of Medicine, Rome, Italy; Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - S L M Eramo
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - C Grassi
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - D Troiani
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - G Paludetti
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Università Cattolica School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
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Burns JC, Stone JS. Development and regeneration of vestibular hair cells in mammals. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 65:96-105. [PMID: 27864084 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Vestibular sensation is essential for gaze stabilization, balance, and perception of gravity. The vestibular receptors in mammals, Type I and Type II hair cells, are located in five small organs in the inner ear. Damage to hair cells and their innervating neurons can cause crippling symptoms such as vertigo, visual field oscillation, and imbalance. In adult rodents, some Type II hair cells are regenerated and become re-innervated after damage, presenting opportunities for restoring vestibular function after hair cell damage. This article reviews features of vestibular sensory cells in mammals, including their basic properties, how they develop, and how they are replaced after damage. We discuss molecules that control vestibular hair cell regeneration and highlight areas in which our understanding of development and regeneration needs to be deepened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Burns
- Decibel Therapeutics, 215 First St., Suite 430, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Jennifer S Stone
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery and The Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 357923, Seattle, WA 98195-7923, USA.
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Kommareddi P, Nair T, Kakaraparthi BN, Galano MM, Miller D, Laczkovich I, Thomas T, Lu L, Rule K, Kabara L, Kanicki A, Hughes ED, Jones JM, Hoenerhoff M, Fisher SG, Altschuler RA, Dolan D, Kohrman DC, Saunders TL, Carey TE. Hair Cell Loss, Spiral Ganglion Degeneration, and Progressive Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Mice with Targeted Deletion of Slc44a2/Ctl2. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2015; 16:695-712. [PMID: 26463873 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-015-0547-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
SLC44A2 (solute carrier 44a2), also known as CTL2 (choline transporter-like protein 2), is expressed in many supporting cell types in the cochlea and is implicated in hair cell survival and antibody-induced hearing loss. In mice with the mixed C57BL/6-129 background, homozygous deletion of Slc44a2 exons 3–10 (Slc44a2Δ/Δ) resulted in high-frequency hearing loss and hair cell death. To reduce effects associated with age-related hearing loss (ARHL) in these strains, mice carrying the Slc44a2Δ allele were backcrossed to the ARHL-resistant FVB/NJ strain and evaluated after backcross seven (N7) (99 % FVB). Slc44a2Δ/Δ mice produced abnormally spliced Slc44a2 transcripts that contain a frameshift and premature stop codons. Neither full-length SLC44A2 nor a putative truncated protein could be detected in Slc44a2Δ/Δ mice, suggesting a likely null allele. Auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) of mice carrying the Slc44a2Δ allele on an FVB/NJ genetic background were tested longitudinally between the ages of 2 and 10 months. By 6 months of age, Slc44a2Δ/Δ mice exhibited hearing loss at 32 kHz, but at 12 and 24 kHz had sound thresholds similar to those of wild-type Slc44a2+/+ and heterozygous +/Slc44a2Δ mice. After 6 months of age, Slc44a2Δ/Δ mutants exhibited progressive hearing loss at all frequencies and +/Slc44a2Δ mice exhibited moderate threshold elevations at high frequency. Histologic evaluation of Slc44a2Δ/Δ mice revealed extensive hair cell and spiral ganglion cell loss, especially in the basal turn of the cochlea. We conclude that Slc44a2 function is required for long-term hair cell survival and maintenance of hearing.
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Jadali A, Kwan KY. Activation of PI3K signaling prevents aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death in the murine cochlea. Biol Open 2016; 5:698-708. [PMID: 27142333 PMCID: PMC4920183 DOI: 10.1242/bio.016758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of sensory hair cells of the inner ear due to aminoglycoside exposure is a major cause of hearing loss. Using an immortalized multipotent otic progenitor (iMOP) cell line, specific signaling pathways that promote otic cell survival were identified. Of the signaling pathways identified, the PI3K pathway emerged as a strong candidate for promoting hair cell survival. In aging animals, components for active PI3K signaling are present but decrease in hair cells. In this study, we determined whether activated PI3K signaling in hair cells promotes survival. To activate PI3K signaling in hair cells, we used a small molecule inhibitor of PTEN or genetically ablated PTEN using a conditional knockout animal. Hair cell survival was challenged by addition of gentamicin to cochlear cultures. Hair cells with activated PI3K signaling were more resistant to aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death. These results indicate that increased PI3K signaling in hair cells promote survival and the PI3K signaling pathway is a target for preventing aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Jadali
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA Stem Cell Research Center and Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kelvin Y Kwan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA Stem Cell Research Center and Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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50
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Zhang S, Chen X, Yu J, Hong B, Lei Q, Fang W. Hydrophobic fractal surface from glycerol tripalmitate and the effects on C6 glioma cell growth. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 142:377-384. [PMID: 26970826 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To provide a biomimic environment for glial cell culture, glycerol tripalmitate (PPP) has been used as a raw material to prepare fractal surfaces with different degrees of hydrophobicity. The spontaneous formation of the hydrophobic fractal surfaces was monitored by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface morphologies were observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and then the fractal dimension (FD) values of the surfaces were determined with the box-counting method. C6 glioma cells were cultured and compared on different hydrophobic PPP surfaces and poly-L-lysine (PLL)-coated surface. The cell numbers as a function of incubation time on different surfaces during the cell proliferation process were measured, and the cell morphologies were observed under a fluorescence microscope. Influences of hydrophobic fractal surfaces on the cell number and morphology were analyzed. The experimental results show that the cell proliferation rates decrease while the cell morphology complexities increase with the growth of the fractal dimensions of the PPP surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xuerui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Biyuan Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qunfang Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Wenjun Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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