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Kavanaugh BC, Parade S, Seifer R, McLaughlin NCR, Tirrell E, Festa EK, Oberman LM, Novick AM, Carpenter LL, Tyrka AR. Childhood stress, gender, and cognitive control: Midline theta power. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 169:298-306. [PMID: 38070470 PMCID: PMC10997405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of psychiatric symptoms is a common consequence of childhood stress exposure. However, there are a dearth of reliable clinical hallmarks or physiological biomarkers to predict post-trauma symptom emergence. The objective of this study was to examine if childhood stressors and stress-related symptoms are associated with altered midline theta power (MTP) during cognitive control demands, and how these associations interact with gender and early adversity. N = 53 children (ages 9-13 years old) from a longitudinal study of children maltreated during early childhood and non-maltreated children participated in this study. EEG recorded neural activity during a Zoo-Themed Go/No-Go task. Stress-related symptoms, recent stressful events, and other adversity experiences were identified. MTP was analyzed with clinical variables in a series of follow-up analyses. The number of stressors in the past six months was negatively correlated with MTP in those with low preschool adversity, but not in those with high preschool adversity. MTP was higher in girls than in boys, and the associations of MTP with stressors and symptoms were moderated by gender. MTP was negatively associated with stressors in the past six months in girls, while in boys, MTP was associated with stress-related symptoms. Childhood stressful events were associated with reduced MTP during cognitive control demands, and this was finding was moderated by gender and early life adversity. These preliminary findings suggest that boys and girls may process stressful experiences in distinct ways, and preschool adversity may potentially blunt the interaction between current stress and neural dynamics. However, ongoing investigation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Kavanaugh
- E. P. Bradley Hospital, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Brown University, United States.
| | - Stephanie Parade
- E. P. Bradley Hospital, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Brown University, United States
| | - Ronald Seifer
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Nicole C R McLaughlin
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Brown University, United States; Butler Hospital, United States
| | - Eric Tirrell
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Brown University, United States; Butler Hospital, United States
| | - Elena K Festa
- Department of Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, United States
| | | | - Andrew M Novick
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, United States
| | - Linda L Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Brown University, United States; Butler Hospital, United States
| | - Audrey R Tyrka
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Brown University, United States; Butler Hospital, United States
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Meyers JL, McCutcheon VV, Horne-Osipenko KA, Waters LR, Barr P, Chan G, Chorlian DB, Johnson EC, Kuo SIC, Kramer JR, Dick DM, Kuperman S, Kamarajan C, Pandey G, Singman D, de Viteri SSS, Salvatore JE, Bierut LJ, Foroud T, Goate A, Hesselbrock V, Nurnberger J, Plaweck MH, Schuckit MA, Agrawal A, Edenberg HJ, Bucholz KK, Porjesz B. COVID-19 pandemic stressors are associated with reported increases in frequency of drunkenness among individuals with a history of alcohol use disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:311. [PMID: 37803048 PMCID: PMC10558437 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02577-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Some sources report increases in alcohol use have been observed since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among women. Cross-sectional studies suggest that specific COVID-19-related stressful experiences (e.g., social disconnection) may be driving such increases in the general population. Few studies have explored these topics among individuals with a history of Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD), an especially vulnerable population. Drawing on recent data collected by the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA; COVID-19 study N = 1651, 62% women, age range: 30-91) in conjunction with AUD history data collected on the sample since 1990, we investigated associations of COVID-19 related stressors and coping activities with changes in drunkenness frequency since the start of the pandemic. Analyses were conducted for those without a history of AUD (N: 645) and three groups of participants with a history of AUD prior to the start of the pandemic: (1) those experiencing AUD symptoms (N: 606), (2) those in remission who were drinking (N: 231), and (3) those in remission who were abstinent (had not consumed alcohol for 5+ years; N: 169). Gender-stratified models were also examined. Exploratory analyses examined the moderating effects of 'problematic alcohol use' polygenic risk scores (PRS) and neural connectivity (i.e., posterior interhemispheric alpha EEG coherence) on associations between COVID-19 stressors and coping activities with changes in the frequency of drunkenness. Increases in drunkenness frequency since the start of the pandemic were higher among those with a lifetime AUD diagnosis experiencing symptoms prior to the start of the pandemic (14% reported increased drunkenness) when compared to those without a history of AUD (5% reported increased drunkenness). Among individuals in remission from AUD prior to the start of the pandemic, rates of increased drunkenness were 10% for those who were drinking pre-pandemic and 4% for those who had previously been abstinent. Across all groups, women reported nominally greater increases in drunkenness frequency when compared with men, although only women experiencing pre-pandemic AUD symptoms reported significantly greater rates of increased drunkenness since the start of the pandemic compared to men in this group (17% of women vs. 5% of men). Among those without a prior history of AUD, associations between COVID-19 risk and protective factors with increases in drunkenness frequency were not observed. Among all groups with a history of AUD (including those with AUD symptoms and those remitted from AUD), perceived stress was associated with increases in drunkenness. Among the remitted-abstinent group, essential worker status was associated with increases in drunkenness. Gender differences in these associations were observed: among women in the remitted-abstinent group, essential worker status, perceived stress, media consumption, and decreased social interactions were associated with increases in drunkenness. Among men in the remitted-drinking group, perceived stress was associated with increases in drunkenness, and increased relationship quality was associated with decreases in drunkenness. Exploratory analyses indicated that associations between family illness or death with increases in drunkenness and increased relationship quality with decreases in drunkenness were more pronounced among the remitted-drinking participants with higher PRS. Associations between family illness or death, media consumption, and economic hardships with increases in drunkenness and healthy coping with decreases in drunkenness were more pronounced among the remitted-abstinent group with lower interhemispheric alpha EEG connectivity. Our results demonstrated that only individuals with pre-pandemic AUD symptoms reported greater increases in drunkenness frequency since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to those without a lifetime history of AUD. This increase was more pronounced among women than men in this group. However, COVID-19-related stressors and coping activities were associated with changes in the frequency of drunkenness among all groups of participants with a prior history of AUD, including those experiencing AUD symptoms, as well as abstinent and non-abstinent participants in remission. Perceived stress, essential worker status, media consumption, social connections (especially for women), and relationship quality (especially for men) are specific areas of focus for designing intervention and prevention strategies aimed at reducing pandemic-related alcohol misuse among this particularly vulnerable group. Interestingly, these associations were not observed for individuals without a prior history of AUD, supporting prior literature that demonstrates that widespread stressors (e.g., pandemics, terrorist attacks) disproportionately impact the mental health and alcohol use of those with a prior history of problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Kristina A Horne-Osipenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence R Waters
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Peter Barr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David B Chorlian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - John R Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Gayathri Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Dzov Singman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Stacey Subbie-Saenz de Viteri
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jessica E Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alison Goate
- Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John Nurnberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Martin H Plaweck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego Medical School, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Agrawal A, Brislin SJ, Bucholz KK, Dick D, Hart RP, Johnson EC, Meyers J, Salvatore J, Slesinger P, Almasy L, Foroud T, Goate A, Hesselbrock V, Kramer J, Kuperman S, Merikangas AK, Nurnberger JI, Tischfield J, Edenberg HJ, Porjesz B. The Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism: Overview. Genes Brain Behav 2023; 22:e12864. [PMID: 37736010 PMCID: PMC10550790 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders (AUD) are commonly occurring, heritable and polygenic disorders with etiological origins in the brain and the environment. To outline the causes and consequences of alcohol-related milestones, including AUD, and their related psychiatric comorbidities, the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) was launched in 1989 with a gene-brain-behavior framework. COGA is a family based, diverse (~25% self-identified African American, ~52% female) sample, including data on 17,878 individuals, ages 7-97 years, in 2246 families of which a proportion are densely affected for AUD. All participants responded to questionnaires (e.g., personality) and the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA) which gathers information on psychiatric diagnoses, conditions and related behaviors (e.g., parental monitoring). In addition, 9871 individuals have brain function data from electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings while 12,009 individuals have been genotyped on genome-wide association study (GWAS) arrays. A series of functional genomics studies examine the specific cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying AUD. This overview provides the framework for the development of COGA as a scientific resource in the past three decades, with individual reviews providing in-depth descriptions of data on and discoveries from behavioral and clinical, brain function, genetic and functional genomics data. The value of COGA also resides in its data sharing policies, its efforts to communicate scientific findings to the broader community via a project website and its potential to nurture early career investigators and to generate independent research that has broadened the impact of gene-brain-behavior research into AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Agrawal
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Sarah J. Brislin
- Department of PsychiatryRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Danielle Dick
- Department of PsychiatryRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Ronald P. Hart
- Department of Cell Biology and NeuroscienceRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Emma C. Johnson
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Jacquelyn Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesSUNY Downstate Health Sciences UniversityBrooklynNew YorkUSA
| | - Jessica Salvatore
- Department of PsychiatryRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Paul Slesinger
- Department of Neuroscience & Friedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Biomedical and Health InformaticsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Alison Goate
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of NeurologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
| | - John Kramer
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Alison K. Merikangas
- Department of Biomedical and Health InformaticsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Jay Tischfield
- Department of GeneticsRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesSUNY Downstate Health Sciences UniversityBrooklynNew YorkUSA
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Debnath R, Troller-Renfree SV, Zeanah CH, Nelson CA, Fox NA. Effects of institutional rearing and foster care intervention on error monitoring and externalizing behaviors in adolescence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 63:101295. [PMID: 37690373 PMCID: PMC10507192 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Children raised in institutions display deficits in error monitoring and increased psychopathology. Deficits in error monitoring might be a pathway for the emergence of psychopathology in previously institutionalized adolescents. Here we investigate the impact of early psychosocial deprivation and a foster care intervention on error monitoring and its association with internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems in adolescence A modified Flanker task assessed error monitoring in 16-year-old adolescents from the BEIP. The ERN and mid-frontal theta power were computed as indices of neural responses of error monitoring. Adolescents who experienced early institutional rearing and were subsequently placed into foster care showed comparable behavioral (RT, accuracy) and neural (ERN, theta power) measures of error monitoring to their never institutionalized peers; whereas adolescents who received care as usual showed both perturbed behavioral performance and neural responses. Longer duration of institutional care was associated with a reduction in mid-frontal theta power. The results further demonstrated a link between error monitoring as measured by ERN and mid-frontal theta and externalizing-ADHD behavioral problems in adolescents who continued receiving care as usual. The results highlight the long-term positive impact of early foster care placement and perturbations due to prolonged institutional care in neural responses of error monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Debnath
- Center for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| | | | | | - Charles A Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Meyers JL, Brislin SJ, Kamarajan C, Plawecki MH, Chorlian D, Anohkin A, Kuperman S, Merikangas A, Pandey G, Kinreich S, Pandey A, Edenberg HJ, Bucholz KK, Almasy L, Porjesz B. The collaborative study on the genetics of alcoholism: Brain function. Genes Brain Behav 2023; 22:e12862. [PMID: 37587903 PMCID: PMC10550791 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and related health conditions result from a complex interaction of genetic, neural and environmental factors, with differential impacts across the lifespan. From its inception, the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) has focused on the importance of brain function as it relates to the risk and consequences of alcohol use and AUD, through the examination of noninvasively recorded brain electrical activity and neuropsychological tests. COGA's sophisticated neurophysiological and neuropsychological measures, together with rich longitudinal, multi-modal family data, have allowed us to disentangle brain-related risk and resilience factors from the consequences of prolonged and heavy alcohol use in the context of genomic and social-environmental influences over the lifespan. COGA has led the field in identifying genetic variation associated with brain functioning, which has advanced the understanding of how genomic risk affects AUD and related disorders. To date, the COGA study has amassed brain function data on over 9871 participants, 7837 with data at more than one time point, and with notable diversity in terms of age (from 7 to 97), gender (52% female), and self-reported race and ethnicity (28% Black, 9% Hispanic). These data are available to the research community through several mechanisms, including directly through the NIAAA, through dbGAP, and in collaboration with COGA investigators. In this review, we provide an overview of COGA's data collection methods and specific brain function measures assessed, and showcase the utility, significance, and contributions these data have made to our understanding of AUD and related disorders, highlighting COGA research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn L. Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesState University of New York Downstate Medical CenterBrooklynNew YorkUSA
| | - Sarah J. Brislin
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesState University of New York Downstate Medical CenterBrooklynNew YorkUSA
| | | | - David Chorlian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesState University of New York Downstate Medical CenterBrooklynNew YorkUSA
| | - Andrey Anohkin
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of IowaIowa CityIndianaUSA
| | - Alison Merikangas
- Department of Biomedical and Health InformaticsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Penn‐CHOP Lifespan Brain InstituteUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Gayathri Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesState University of New York Downstate Medical CenterBrooklynNew YorkUSA
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesState University of New York Downstate Medical CenterBrooklynNew YorkUSA
| | - Ashwini Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesState University of New York Downstate Medical CenterBrooklynNew YorkUSA
| | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIndianaUSA
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Biomedical and Health InformaticsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Penn‐CHOP Lifespan Brain InstituteUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesState University of New York Downstate Medical CenterBrooklynNew YorkUSA
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Clark SL, Dodd CG, Taylor L, Stewart S, Yang N, Shahidullah JD, Guzick AG, Richmond R, Aksan N, Rathouz PJ, Rousseau JF, Newport DJ, Wagner KD, Nemeroff CB. Characterizing patterns of substance use in trauma exposed youth. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 167:1-9. [PMID: 37778242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous work investigating the impact of childhood trauma on substance use and co-occurring psychiatric disorders has primarily been conducted in adults or on specific trauma types. This limits understanding of traumas impact in childhood and how different types of traumas play a role. We sought to characterize substance use in a sample of trauma-exposed youth in the context of psychiatric comorbidities. METHOD 1152 youth from the Texas Childhood Trauma Research Network (TX-CTRN) that were exposed to at least one trauma meeting DSM-5 Criterion A were assessed for current substance use and psychiatric diagnoses. Latent class analysis was used to identify patterns of substance use. To characterize these patterns, we examined if demographics, number of trauma types experienced, or childhood psychiatric disorders predicted class membership. RESULTS We identified four primary patterns of substance use: Non-use (66.1%), predominantly alcohol use (19.7%), predominantly cannabis use (4.5%), and polysubstance use (9.7%). Compared to the non-users, polysubstance users tended to be older, Non-Hispanic White, have experienced more types of trauma. They were also more likely to have fulfilled diagnostic criteria for suicidality and ADHD. Comparisons among the substance using classes were more nuanced. CONCLUSION The findings highlight the need for universal assessments of trauma, substance misuse, and mental health symptoms in youth as the presence or absence of their co-occurrence has implications for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cody G Dodd
- University of Texas Medical Branch, United States
| | - Leslie Taylor
- University of Texas Health Science Center, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Robyn Richmond
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, United States
| | - Nazan Aksan
- University of Texas at Austin, United States
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Elton A, Allen JH, Yorke M, Khan F, Xu P, Boettiger CA. Sex moderates family history of alcohol use disorder and childhood maltreatment effects on an fMRI stop-signal task. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:2436-2450. [PMID: 36722505 PMCID: PMC10028663 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment (CM) and a family history (FH) of alcohol use disorder (AUD) are each associated with increased impulsivity. However, their unique or shared brain targets remain unknown. Furthermore, both CM and FH demonstrate sex-dependent effects on brain and behavior. We hypothesized that CM and FH interact in brain regions involved in impulsivity with sex-dependent effects. 144 first-year college students (18-19 years old) with varying experiences of CM and/or FH but without current AUD performed an fMRI stop-signal task. We tested interactions between FH, CM, and sex on task performance and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal during successful inhibitions. We examined correlations between BOLD response and psychiatric symptoms. Significant three-way interactions of FH, CM, and sex were detected for brain and behavioral data, largely driven by male subjects. In males, CM was associated with poorer response inhibition but only for those with less FH; males with higher levels of both CM and FH demonstrated better response inhibition. Three-way interaction effects on voxel-wise BOLD response during response inhibition were found in bilateral middle frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and posterior cingulate cortex. Network-level analyses implicated the left frontoparietal network, executive control network, and default-mode network. Greater BOLD response in these networks correlated with lower depressive, impulsive, and attentional symptoms, reduced alcohol misuse, greater resilience scores, and heightened trait anxiety. The results highlight sex-divergent effects of heritable and environmental risk factors that may account for sex-dependent expression of psychopathology in response to risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Elton
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Bowles Center for Alcohol StudiesUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Biomedical Research Imaging CenterUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - John Hunter Allen
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Mya Yorke
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Farhan Khan
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Charlotte A. Boettiger
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Bowles Center for Alcohol StudiesUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Biomedical Research Imaging CenterUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
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Pandey G, Kuo SIC, Horne-Osipenko KA, Pandey AK, Kamarajan C, de Viteri SS, Kinreich S, Chorlian DB, Kuang W, Stephenson M, Kramer J, Anokhin A, Zang Y, Kuperman S, Hesselbrock V, Schuckit M, Dick D, Chan G, McCutcheon VV, Edenberg H, Bucholz KK, Meyers JL, Porjesz B. Associations of parent-adolescent closeness with P3 amplitude, frontal theta, and binge drinking among offspring with high risk for alcohol use disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken) 2023; 47:155-167. [PMID: 36680783 PMCID: PMC10910630 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents impact their offspring's brain development, neurocognitive function, risk, and resilience for alcohol use disorder (AUD) via both genetic and socio-environmental factors. Individuals with AUD and their unaffected children manifest low parietal P3 amplitude and low frontal theta (FT) power, reflecting heritable neurocognitive deficits associated with AUD. Likewise, children who experience poor parenting tend to have atypical brain development and greater rates of alcohol problems. Conversely, positive parenting can be protective and critical for normative development of self-regulation, neurocognitive functioning and the neurobiological systems subserving them. Yet, the role of positive parenting in resiliency toward AUD is understudied and its association with neurocognitive functioning and behavioral vulnerability to AUD among high-risk offspring is less known. Using data from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism prospective cohort (N = 1256, mean age [SD] = 19.25 [1.88]), we investigated the associations of closeness with mother and father during adolescence with offspring P3 amplitude, FT power, and binge drinking among high-risk offspring. METHODS Self-reported closeness with mother and father between ages 12 and 17 and binge drinking were assessed using the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism. P3 amplitude and FT power were assessed in response to target stimuli using a Visual Oddball Task. RESULTS Multivariate multiple regression analyses showed that closeness with father was associated with larger P3 amplitude (p = 0.002) and higher FT power (p = 0.01). Closeness with mother was associated with less binge drinking (p = 0.003). Among male offspring, closeness with father was associated with larger P3 amplitude, but among female offspring, closeness with mother was associated with less binge drinking. These associations remained statistically significant with father's and mothers' AUD symptoms, socioeconomic status, and offspring impulsivity in the model. CONCLUSIONS Among high-risk offspring, closeness with parents during adolescence may promote resilience for developing AUD and related neurocognitive deficits albeit with important sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kristina A. Horne-Osipenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Ashwini K. Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Stacey Saenz de Viteri
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - David B. Chorlian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Weipeng Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Mallory Stephenson
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - John Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Andrey Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yong Zang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marc Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Danielle Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vivia V. McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Howard Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jacquelyn L. Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
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9
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Abstract
Addictions are heritable and unfold dynamically across the lifespan. One prominent neurobiological theory proposes that substance-induced changes in neural circuitry promote the progression of addiction. Genome-wide association studies have begun to characterize the polygenic architecture undergirding addiction liability and revealed that genetic loci associated with risk can be divided into those associated with a general broad-spectrum liability to addiction and those associated with drug-specific addiction risk. In this Perspective, we integrate these genomic findings with our current understanding of the neurobiology of addiction to propose a new Genetically Informed Neurobiology of Addiction (GINA) model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Alexander S Hatoum
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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10
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Shim M, Hwang HJ, Lee SH. Impaired functional cortical networks in the theta frequency band of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder during auditory-cognitive processing. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:811766. [PMID: 36032254 PMCID: PMC9403077 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.811766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired cognitive function related to intrusive memories of traumatic experiences is the most noticeable characteristic of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); nevertheless, the brain mechanism involved in the cognitive processing is still elusive. To improve the understanding of the neuropathology in PTSD patients, we investigated functional cortical networks that are based on graph theory, by using electroencephalogram (EEG). EEG signals, elicited by an auditory oddball paradigm, were recorded from 53 PTSD patients and 39 healthy controls (HCs). Source signals in 68 regions of interests were estimated using EEG data for each subject using minimum-norm estimation. Then, using source signals of each subject, time-frequency analysis was conducted, and a functional connectivity matrix was constructed using the imaginary part of coherence, which was used to evaluate three global-level (strength, clustering coefficient, and path length) and two nodal-level (strength and clustering coefficients) network indices in four frequency bands (theta, alpha, low-beta, and high-beta). The relationships between the network indices and symptoms were evaluated using Pearson's correlation. Compared with HCs, PTSD patients showed significantly reduced spectral powers around P300 periods and significantly altered network indices (diminished strength and clustering coefficient, and prolonged path length) in theta frequency band. In addition, the nodal strengths and nodal clustering coefficients in theta band of PTSD patients were significantly reduced, compared with those of HCs, and the reduced nodal clustering coefficients in parieto-temporo-occipital regions had negative correlations with the symptom scores (Impact of Event Scale-Revises, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Anxiety Inventory). The characterization of this disrupted pattern improves the understanding of the neuropathophysiology underlying the impaired cognitive function in PTSD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miseon Shim
- Industry Development Institute, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Han-Jeong Hwang
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Psychiatry Department, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, South Korea
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Goyang, South Korea
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11
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Pscherer C, Mückschel M, Bluschke A, Beste C. Resting-state theta activity is linked to information content-specific coding levels during response inhibition. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4530. [PMID: 35296740 PMCID: PMC8927579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurophysiological processes underlying the inhibition of impulsive responses have been studied extensively. While also the role of theta oscillations during response inhibition is well examined, the relevance of resting-state theta activity for inhibitory control processes is largely unknown. We test the hypothesis that there are specific relationships between resting-state theta activity and sensory/motor coding levels during response inhibition using EEG methods. We show that resting theta activity is specifically linked to the stimulus-related fraction of neurophysiological activity in specific time windows during motor inhibition. In contrast, concomitantly coded processes related to decision-making or response selection as well as the behavioral inhibition performance were not associated with resting theta activity. Even at the peak of task-related theta power, where task-related theta activity and resting theta activity differed the most, there was still predominantly a significant correlation between both types of theta activity. This suggests that aspects similar to resting dynamics are evident in the proportion of inhibition-related neurophysiological activity that reflects an “alarm” signal, whose function is to process and indicate the need for cognitive control. Thus, specific aspects of task-related theta power may build upon resting theta activity when cognitive control is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Pscherer
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Schubertstrasse 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Moritz Mückschel
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Schubertstrasse 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annet Bluschke
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Schubertstrasse 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Schubertstrasse 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany
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12
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Bowen MT, George O, Muskiewicz DE, Hall FS. FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE ESCALATION OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 132:730-756. [PMID: 34839930 PMCID: PMC8892842 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding factors that contribute to the escalation of alcohol consumption is key to understanding how an individual transitions from non/social drinking to AUD and to providing better treatment. In this review, we discuss how the way ethanol is consumed as well as individual and environmental factors contribute to the escalation of ethanol consumption from intermittent low levels to consistently high levels. Moreover, we discuss how these factors are modelled in animals. It is clear a vast array of complex, interacting factors influence changes in alcohol consumption. Some of these factors act early in the acquisition of ethanol consumption and initial escalation, while others contribute to escalation of ethanol consumption at a later stage and are involved in the development of alcohol dependence. There is considerable need for more studies examining escalation associated with the formation of dependence and other hallmark features of AUD, especially studies examining mechanisms, as it is of considerable relevance to understanding and treating AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Bowen
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia,The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia,Corresponding Author: Michael T. Bowen, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia,
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dawn E. Muskiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacology and Pharmacological Science, University of Toledo, OH, USA
| | - F. Scott Hall
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacology and Pharmacological Science, University of Toledo, OH, USA
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13
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van Noordt S, Heffer T, Willoughby T. A developmental examination of medial frontal theta dynamics and inhibitory control. Neuroimage 2021; 246:118765. [PMID: 34875380 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Medial frontal theta-band oscillations are a robust marker of action-outcome monitoring. In a large developmental sample (n = 432, 9-16 years), we examined whether phase and non-phase locked medial frontal theta power were related to inhibitory control among children and adolescents. Our results showed that the well-established increase in medial frontal theta power during inhibitory control was captured largely by non-phase locked dynamics, which partially mediated the positive effect of age on task performance. A person-centered approach also revealed latent classes of individuals based on their multivariate theta power dynamics (phase locked/non-phase locked, GO/NOGO). The class of individuals showing low phase locked and high non-phase locked medial frontal theta were significantly older, had better inhibitory control, scored higher on measures of general cognitive function, and were more efficient in their behavioural responses. The functional significance of phase and non-phase locked theta dynamics, and their potential changes, could have important implications for action-outcome monitoring and cognitive function in both typical and atypical development, as well as related psychopathology .
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefon van Noordt
- Department of Psychology, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Taylor Heffer
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Teena Willoughby
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Abstract
Women with a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) are at greater risk to develop alcohol use disorders. Whereas impulsivity has been postulated as a behavioral mechanism linking childhood trauma and alcohol use, few studies have comprehensively examined impulsivity in women with CSA. We compared women with a history of CSA (n = 21) and control women who did not endorse CSA or other major traumas (CON; n = 21) on self-report measures of impulsivity and risk taking. Additionally, performance on behavioral impulsivity and subjective response to alcohol were examined before and after acute alcohol (0.00, 0.50, 0.75 g/kg) administration. Overall, women with CSA responded more impulsively than CON women on the immediate and delayed-memory tasks (measures of response initiation) and the GoStop task (a measure of response inhibition). Whereas alcohol produced dose-related increases in impulsive responding on the immediate memory task in both groups, alcohol-induced increases in response inhibition on the GoStop task were evident only in the CSA group. In contrast, women with CSA exhibited less risk taking than the CON group on the balloon analogue risk task. Alcohol produced dose-related increases on several subjective response measures (e.g., alcohol liking) in both groups; however, these ratings tended to be greater in women with CSA. These preliminary data suggest that women with CSA may be more impulsive. Importantly, impulsivity can lead to hazardous drinking, and alcohol consumption can further increase impulsivity, putting women with CSA at increased risk for sexual revictimization, particularly in the context of alcohol use. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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15
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Alves JVDS, Paula WD, Netto PRR, Godman B, Nascimento RCRMD, Coura-Vital W. Prevalence and factors associated with anxiety among university students of health sciences in Brazil: findings and implications. J bras psiquiatr 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective The aim was to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety disorders among university students of health sciences at Federal University of Ouro Preto, Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study between March to June 2019. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire including sociodemographic, academic, family and behavioral issues. The Beck Anxiety Inventory was used to assess anxiety. Estimates were obtained through the prevalence ratio and Poisson multivariate analysis. Results Four hundred and ninety-three students participated with a mean age of 23.1 and predominantly women (79.9%). All students had some degree of anxiety, with the frequency of the severe, moderate and mild forms being 28.0%, 29.8% and 27.0%, respectively. The factors associated with anxiety included having suffered psychological and/or physical violence in childhood, having suicidal thoughts, having a deceased parent, living with parents, being dissatisfied with the course and being in the exam period. Conclusions The prevalence of anxiety was high in our study and family problems prior to entering university seem to significantly influence the degree of anxiety, which may compromise the student’s academic and social performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wendel Coura-Vital
- Federal University of Ouro Preto, Brazil; Federal University of Ouro Preto, Brazil
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16
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Bender AK, Meyers JL, di Viteri SSS, Schuckit M, Chan G, Acion L, Kamarajan C, Kramer J, Anohkin A, Kinreich S, Pandey A, Hesselbrock V, Hesselbrock M, Bucholz KK, McCutcheon VV. A latent class analysis of alcohol and posttraumatic stress symptoms among offspring of parents with and without alcohol use disorder. Addict Behav 2021; 112:106640. [PMID: 32957005 PMCID: PMC10913466 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) is widely known, yet few studies have examined whether and how AUD symptoms co-occur with PTSD symptom clusters of hypervigilance, avoidance/numbing, and re-experiencing. The purpose of this study was to examine potential overlap between AUD and posttraumatic stress symptomatology, and to characterize the resultant latent classes in terms of demographics, drinking behaviors, parental AUD, and specific traumas experienced (physical violence, sexual violence, and non-assaultive trauma). We hypothesized that classes would be differentiated by type and severity of AUD and PTS symptoms. Drawing from a sample of white and Black participants from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA), we examined young adults between the ages of 18-35 who had experienced trauma (N = 2478). A series of LCA models based on the type of trauma experienced, posttraumatic stress symptoms and problematic alcohol use were then fitted to the data. A four-class solution provided the best fit, consisting of a low symptom class (N = 1134), moderate alcohol/low PTS severity (N = 623), mild alcohol/high PTS severity (N = 544), and high symptom severity (N = 177). Higher prevalence of sexual assault was associated with membership in high PTS severity classes, and parent AUD was associated with membership in each class, particularly when the mother or both parents had the disorder. Using person-centered methods such as LCA is a commonsense approach to understanding the heterogeneity of symptoms, trauma types, and individual-level characteristics associated with trauma-exposed individuals and comorbid AUD-PTSD, and our study is one of relatively few to empirically ascertain the co-occurrence of alcohol and PTS symptoms in a high-risk family sample.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Grace Chan
- University of Connecticut, United States
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17
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Thönes S, Arnau S, Wascher E, Schneider D. Boosting working memory with accelerated clocks. Neuroimage 2020; 226:117601. [PMID: 33249214 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our perception of time varies with the degree of cognitive engagement in tasks. The perceived passage of time accelerates while working on demanding tasks, whereas time appears to drag during boring situations. Our experiment aimed at investigating whether this relationship is mutual: Can manipulated announcements of elapsed time systematically affect the attentional resources applied to a cognitive task? We measured behavioral performance and the EEG in a whole report working memory paradigm with six items of different colors that each had to be reported after a short delay period. The 32 participants were informed about the current time after each 20 trials, while the clock was running at either 100% (normal), 120% (fast), or 80% (slow) of normal clock speed depending on the experimental block. The mean number of correctly reported colors per trial was significantly increased in the fast as compared to the slow and normal clock conditions. In the EEG, we focused on neural oscillations during working memory encoding and storage. As an electrophysiological correlate of task engagement, frontal theta power during the storage interval was increased in the fast clock condition. Also, the power of frontal theta oscillations predicted the number of correctly reported colors on a single-trial basis. This shows that a covert manipulation of clock speed can lead to an improvement in cognitive performance, presumably mediated by a higher allocation of attentional resources resulting from an adaptation of the subjective passage of time during an experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Thönes
- Experimental Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan Arnau
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Edmund Wascher
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Daniel Schneider
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.
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18
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Subbie-Saenz de Viteri S, Pandey A, Pandey G, Kamarajan C, Smith R, Anokhin A, Bauer L, Bender A, Chan G, Dick D, Edenberg H, Kinreich S, Kramer J, Schuckit M, Zang Y, McCutcheon V, Bucholz K, Porjesz B, Meyers JL. Pathways to post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol dependence: Trauma, executive functioning, and family history of alcoholism in adolescents and young adults. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01789. [PMID: 32990406 PMCID: PMC7667345 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Family history (FH) of alcohol dependence is likely to increase the risk of trauma exposure, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and alcohol dependence. FH of alcohol dependence and trauma has been separately shown to adversely affect planning/problem-solving aspects of executive function. However, few studies have examined these risk factors in an integrated model. METHODS Using data from trauma-exposed individuals from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism prospective cohort (N = 1,860), comprising offspring from alcohol-dependent high-risk and comparison families (mean age [SE] = 21.9 [4.2]), we investigated associations of trauma (nonsexual assaultive, nonassaultive, sexual assaultive) with DSM-IV PTSD and alcohol dependence symptom counts, and planning/problem-solving abilities assessed using the Tower of London Test (TOLT). Moderating effects of family history density of alcohol use disorder (FHD) on these associations and sex differences were explored. RESULTS Family history density was positively associated with PTSD in female participants who endorsed a sexual assaultive trauma. Exposure to nonsexual assaultive trauma was associated with more excess moves made on the TOLT. CONCLUSION Findings from this study demonstrate associations with PTSD and alcohol dependence symptom counts, as well as poor problem-solving ability in trauma-exposed individuals from families densely affected with alcohol dependence, depending on trauma type, FHD, and sex. This suggests that having a FH of alcohol dependence and exposure to trauma during adolescence may be associated with more PTSD and alcohol dependence symptoms, and poor problem-solving abilities in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashwini Pandey
- State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Gayathri Pandey
- State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Rebecca Smith
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Andrey Anokhin
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lance Bauer
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Annah Bender
- University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Danielle Dick
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Howard Edenberg
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Yong Zang
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Vivia McCutcheon
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kathleen Bucholz
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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Kang X, Handayani DOD, Chong PP, Acharya UR. Profiling of pornography addiction among children using EEG signals: A systematic literature review. Comput Biol Med 2020; 125:103970. [PMID: 32892114 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays human behavior has been affected with the advent of new digital technologies. Due to the rampant use of the Internet by children, many have been addicted to pornography. This addiction has negatively affected the behaviors of children including increased impulsiveness, learning ability to attention, poor decision-making, memory problems, and deficit in emotion regulation. The children with porn addiction can be identified by parents and medical practitioners as third-party observers. This systematic literature review (SLR) is conducted to increase the understanding of porn addiction using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. We have searched five different databases namely IEEE, ACM, Science Direct, Springer and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) using addiction, porn, and EEG as keywords along with 'OR 'operation in between the expressions. We have selected 46 studies in this work by screening 815,554 papers from five databases. Our results show that it is possible to identify children with porn addiction using EEG signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Kang
- Master of Computer Science, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Dini Oktarina Dwi Handayani
- School of Computer Science & Engineering, Faculty of Innovation & Technology, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Pei Pei Chong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1 Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - U Rajendra Acharya
- Ngee Ann, Singapore University of Social Science, University of Malaya, Malaysia; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taiwan.
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Abstract
This report describes the protocol for an ongoing project funded by the National Institutes of Health (R01MH108155) that is focused on effects of childhood maltreatment (MALTX) on neurocircuitry changes associated with adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD). Extant clinical and neuroimaging literature on MDD is reviewed, which has relied on heterogeneous samples that do not parse out the unique contribution of MALTX on neurobiological changes in MDD. Employing a 2 × 2 study design (controls with no MALTX or MDD, MALTX only, MDD only, and MDD + MALTX), and based on a cohesive theoretical model that incorporates behavioral, cognitive and neurobiological domains, we describe the multi-modal neuroimaging techniques used to test whether structural and functional alterations in the fronto-limbic and fronto-striatal circuits associated with adolescent MDD are moderated by MALTX. We hypothesize that MDD + MALTX youth will show alterations in the fronto-limbic circuit, with reduced connectivity between the amygdala (AMG) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC), as the AMG is sensitive to stress/threat during development. Participants with MDD will exhibit increased functional connectivity between the AMG and PFC due to self-referential negative emotions. Lastly, MDD + MALTX will only show changes in motivational/anticipatory aspects of the fronto-striatal circuit, and MDD will exhibit changes in motivational and consummatory/outcome aspects of reward-processing. Our goal is to identify distinct neural substrates associated with MDD due to MALTX compared to other causes, as these markers could be used to more effectively predict treatment outcome, index treatment response, and facilitate alternative treatments for adolescents who do not respond well to traditional approaches.
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Gervasio M, Beatty A, Kavanaugh B, Cancilliere MK, Holler K. The association between neurocognition and sexual abuse within a children's psychiatric inpatient program. Clin Neuropsychol 2020; 36:189-206. [PMID: 32613898 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2020.1781932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to understand the detrimental effects of sexual abuse on neuropsychological variables including child's intelligence, executive functioning (EF), and learning/memory within a pediatric inpatient population.Method: This study examined the effect of sexual abuse on children's intelligence, EF, and learning/memory by conducting a retrospective chart review for 144 children (aged 7-12) who completed a neuropsychological assessment during a psychiatric inpatient hospitalization. Of the 144 children, participants were matched two to one by gender and age, with one group (n = 52) categorized by reported sexual abuse and the other group (n = 92) categorized by no reported sexual abuse. The neuropsychological measures included the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI-I/II) or Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV), Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning - Second Edition (WRAML-2): Story Memory Immediate/Delayed Recall and Delayed Recognition, Trail Making Test-B, Stroop Interference Test: Color-Word Condition, WRAML-2: Sentence Memory and Conners Continuous Performance Test-Second Edition.Results: Statistical analysis showed that participants with reported sexual abuse had significantly (p< .05) lower intelligence, EF, and learning/memory skills than those without reported sexual abuse. Only working memory and cognitive flexibility differences remained after controlling for clinical variables (e.g., PTSD, amount of total abuse types).Conclusions: These findings contributed to the limited research on the detrimental effects of sexual abuse in a pediatric inpatient population. They demonstrated a relationship between early sexual abuse and neuropsychological deficits, specifically executive function and IQ deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddi Gervasio
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, E. P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA
| | - Avery Beatty
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Brian Kavanaugh
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, E. P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, East Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Karen Holler
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, E. P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, East Providence, RI, USA
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Novins DK, Althoff RR, Cortese S, Drury SS, Frazier JA, Henderson SW, McCauley E, White TJH. Editors' Best of 2019. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 59:8-12. [PMID: 31879011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
There is, in the content of the Journal, an embarrassment of riches, and picking a "best" seems to demand a certain qualification: is the "best" the most interesting, most surprising, most educational, most important, most provocative, most enjoyable? How to choose? We are hardly unbiased and can admit to a special affection for the ones that we and the authors worked hardest on, hammering version after version into shape. Acknowledging these biases, here are the 2019 articles that we think deserve your attention or at least a second read.
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Saxe GN. Editorial: In the Causal Labyrinth: Finding the Path From Early Trauma to Neurodevelopment. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 58:159-163. [PMID: 30738542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.09.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to traumatic events early in life has been associated with significant adverse neurodevelopmental consequences.1,2 Ideally, protecting children from trauma would prevent these consequences. Unfortunately, once a child is exposed to early trauma, the only means of prevention requires implementing effective interventions toward the mechanisms known to have caused the consequences. Therefore, it is imperative to carefully define the true mechanistic pathways from which the neurodevelopmental consequences of early trauma result. The process of determining the correct pathway(s) is not a trivial matter, as is made clear from a valiant effort reported in this issue of the Journal titled, "Early Sexual Trauma Exposure and Neural Response Inhibition in Adolescence and Young Adults: Trajectories of Frontal Theta Oscillations During a Go/No-Go Task."3 This editorial reviews the effort to infer causal mechanism in this article, and introduces a literature that can improve the field's capacity to infer causes from observational data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn N Saxe
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY.
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