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Sun YJ, Chen YC, Hua WK, Wu SCY, Chan LLY. Comparison of chimeric antigen receptor-T cell-mediated cytotoxicity assays with suspension tumor cells using plate-based image cytometry method. Cytometry A 2023; 103:27-38. [PMID: 35869932 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In the recent decade, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has revolutionized strategies for cancer treatments due to its highly effective clinical efficacy and response for B cell malignancies. The success of CAR-T cell therapy has stimulated the increase in the research and development of various CAR constructs to target different tumor types. Therefore, a robust and efficient in vitro potency assay is needed to quickly identify potential CAR gene design from a library of construct candidates. Image cytometry methodologies have been utilized for various CAR-T cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay using different fluorescent labeling methods, mainly due to their ease-of-use, ability to capture cell images for verification, and higher throughput performance. In this work, we employed the Celigo Image Cytometer to evaluate and compare two CAR-T cell-mediated cytotoxicity assays using GFP-expressing or fluorescent dye-labeled myeloma and plasmacytoma cells. The GFP-based method demonstrated higher sensitivity in detecting CAR-T cell-mediated cytotoxicity when compared to the CMFDA/DAPI viability method. We have established the criteria and considerations for the selection of cytotoxicity assays that are fit-for-purpose to ensure the results produced are meaningful for the specific testing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jun Sun
- Department of Research and Development, GenomeFrontier Therapeutics, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Department of Research and Development, GenomeFrontier Therapeutics, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kai Hua
- Department of Research and Development, GenomeFrontier Therapeutics, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Sareina Chiung-Yuan Wu
- Department of Research and Development, GenomeFrontier Therapeutics, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Leo Li-Ying Chan
- Department of Advanced Technology R&D, Nexcelom from PerkinElmer, Lawrence, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Chanda MK, Shudde CE, Piper TL, Zheng Y, Courtney AH. Combined analysis of T cell activation and T cell-mediated cytotoxicity by imaging cytometry. J Immunol Methods 2022; 506:113290. [PMID: 35644255 PMCID: PMC9202232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer have spurred the development of new drugs that seek to harness the ability of T cells to recognize and kill malignant cells. There is a substantial need to evaluate how these experimental drugs influence T cell functional outputs in co-culture systems that contain cancerous cells. We describe an imaging cytometry-based platform that can simultaneously quantify activated T cells and the capacity of these T cells to kill cancer cells. Our platform was developed using the Nur77-GFP reporter system because GFP expression provides a direct readout of T cell activation that is induced by T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling. We combined the Nur77-GFP reporter system with a cancer cell line that displays a TCR-specific antigen and evaluated the relationship between T cell activation and cancer cell death. We demonstrate that imaging cytometry can be used to quantify the number of activated cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTLs) and the capacity of these CTLs to recognize and kill adherent MC38 cancer cells. We tested whether this platform could evaluate heterogenous lymphocyte populations by quantifying the proportion of antigen-specific activated T cells in co-cultures that contain unresponsive lymphocytes. The effects of a SRC family kinase inhibitor on CTL activation and MC38 cell death were also determined. Our findings demonstrate that the Nur77-GFP reporter system can be used to evaluate the effects of diverse treatment conditions on T cell-cancer co-cultures in a microtiter plate-based format by imaging cytometry. We anticipate the combined analysis of T cell activation with T cell-mediated cancer cell death can be used to rapidly assess immuno-oncology drug candidates and T cell-based therapeutics.
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Patel RS, Lucas J, Timmins LM, Mukundan S, Teryek M, Bhatt R, Beaulieu A, Parekkadan B. Non-invasive image-based cytometry for high throughput NK cell cytolysis analysis. J Immunol Methods 2021; 491:112992. [PMID: 33577777 PMCID: PMC8112353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.112992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that are the first line of defense against malignantly transformed cells, virally infected cells and other stressed cell types. To study the cytolytic function of NK cells in vitro, a cytotoxicity assay is normally conducted against a target cancerous cell line. Current assay methods are typically performed in mixed 2D cocultures with destructive endpoints and low throughput, thereby limiting the scale, time-resolution, and relevance of the assay to in vivo conditions. Here, we evaluated a novel, non-invasive, quantitative image-based cytometry (qIBC) assay for detection of NK-mediated killing of target cells in 2D and 3D environments in vitro and compared its performance to two common flow cytometry- and fluorescence-based cytotoxicity assays. Similar to the other methods evaluated, the qIBC assay allowed for reproducible detection of target cell killing across a range of effector-to-target ratios with reduced variability. The qIBC assay also allowed for detection of NK cytolysis in 3D spheroids, which enabled scalable measurements of cell cytotoxicity in 3D models. Our findings suggest that quantitative image-based cytometry would be suitable for rapid, high-throughput screening of NK cytolysis in vitro, including in quasi-3D structures that model tissue environments in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya S. Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 0885, USA
| | - John Lucas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 0885, USA
| | - Lauren M. Timmins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 0885, USA
| | - Shilpaa Mukundan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 0885, USA
| | - Matthew Teryek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 0885, USA
| | - Rachana Bhatt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 0885, USA
| | | | - Biju Parekkadan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 0885, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ 088, USA
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4
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Wang Y, Chan LLY, Grimaud M, Fayed A, Zhu Q, Marasco WA. High-Throughput Image Cytometry Detection Method for CAR-T Transduction, Cell Proliferation, and Cytotoxicity Assays. Cytometry A 2020; 99:689-697. [PMID: 33191639 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has drawn much attention due to its recent clinical success in B-cell malignancies. In general, the CAR-T cell discovery process consists of CAR identification, T-cell activation, transduction, and expansion, as well as assessment of CAR-T cytotoxicity. The current evaluation methods for the CAR-T discovery process can be time-consuming, low-throughput and requires the preparation of multiple sacrificial samples in order to produce kinetic data. In this study, we employed the use of a plate-based image cytometer to monitor anti-CAIX (carbonic anhydrase IX) G36 CAR-T generation and assess its cytotoxic potency of direct and selective killing against CAIX+ SKRC-59 human renal cell carcinoma cells. The transduction efficiency and cytotoxicity results were analyzed using image cytometry and compared directly to flow cytometry and Chromium 51 (51 Cr) release assays, showing that image cytometry was comparable against these conventional methods. Image cytometry method streamlines the assays required during the CAR-T cell discovery process by analyzing a plate of T cells from CAR-T generation to in vitro functional assays with minimum disruption. The proposed method can reduce assay time and uses less cell samples by imaging and analyze the same plate over time without the need to sacrifice any cells. The ability to monitor kinetic data can allow additional insights into the behavior and interaction between CAR-T and target tumor cells. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leo Li-Ying Chan
- Department of Advanced Technology R&D, Nexcelom Bioscience LLC., Lawrence, Massachusetts, 01843, USA
| | - Marion Grimaud
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA
| | - Atef Fayed
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA
| | - Quan Zhu
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wayne A Marasco
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Zhang D, Teng R, Lv N, Lei L, Wang Y, Williamson RA, Chen P, Gao P, O'Dwyer M, Li A, Hu J. A novel CD2 staining-based flow cytometric assay for assessment of natural killer cell cytotoxicity. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23519. [PMID: 32808354 PMCID: PMC7755793 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing cytotoxicity is fundamental to studying natural killer (NK) cell function. Various radioactive and non-radioactive cytotoxicity assays measuring target cell death have been developed. Among these methods, the most commonly used 51 Chromium-release assay (CRA) and flow cytometry-based cytotoxicity assays (FCCs) are the major representatives. Nonetheless, several drawbacks, including dye leakage and the potential effects of prior labeling on cells, curb the broad applicability of the FCCs. METHODS Here, we report a rapid FCC for quantifying target cell death after co-incubation with NK cells. In this assay, after 4 hours of NK cell-target cell co-incubation, fluorochrome-conjugated CD2 antibody was used to identify NK cells, and SYTOX Green and Annexin V-FITC were further used to detect target cell death in CD2-negative population. In parallel, both CRA and FCC assay using CFSE/ 7-AAD were performed to validate the reproducibility and replicability. RESULTS We observed that CD2 is exclusively positive on NK cells other than the most common hematological target tumor cells, such as K562, HL60, MOLM13, Raji, NCI-H929, rpmi8226, MM.1S, and KMS11. Assessment of target cell death using the CD2-based FCC shows a significantly higher percent specific lysis of the target cells compared to the standard CRA and the FCC assay using CFSE and 7-AAD. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that this CD2-based FCC is a fast, simple, and reliable method for evaluating NK cell cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Teng
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Lv
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanmeng Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Ramone A Williamson
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Peigen Gao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Michael O'Dwyer
- Biomedical Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinsong Hu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
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Maldini CR, Love AC, Tosh KW, Chan LLY, Gayout K, Smith T, Riley JL. Characterization of CAR T cell expansion and cytotoxic potential during Ex Vivo manufacturing using image-based cytometry. J Immunol Methods 2020; 484-485:112830. [PMID: 32745474 PMCID: PMC7487036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the FDA approval of two Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapies against CD19+ malignancies, there has been significant interest in adapting CAR technology to other diseases. As such, the ability to simultaneously monitor manufacturing criteria and functional characteristics of multiple CAR T cell products by a single instrument would likely accelerate the development of candidate therapies. Here, we demonstrate that image-based cytometry yields high-throughput measurements of CAR T cell proliferation and size, and captures the kinetics of in vitro antigen-specific CAR T cell-mediated killing. The data acquired and analyzed by the image cytometer are congruent with results derived from conventional technologies when tested contemporaneously. Moreover, the use of bright-field and fluorescence microscopy by the image cytometer provides kinetic measurements and rapid data acquisition, which are direct advantages over industry standard instruments. Together, image cytometry enables fast, reproducible measurements of CAR T cell manufacturing criteria and effector function, which can greatly facilitate the evaluation of novel CARs with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colby R Maldini
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrea C Love
- Department of Technology R&D, Nexcelom Bioscience LLC, Lawrence, MA 01843, USA
| | - Kevin W Tosh
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Leo Li-Ying Chan
- Department of Technology R&D, Nexcelom Bioscience LLC, Lawrence, MA 01843, USA
| | - Kevin Gayout
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tim Smith
- Department of Technology R&D, Nexcelom Bioscience LLC, Lawrence, MA 01843, USA
| | - James L Riley
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Zhang X, Wen X, Feng N, Chen A, Yao S, Ding X, Zhang L. Increased Expression of T-Box Transcription Factor Protein 21 (TBX21) in Skin Cutaneous Melanoma Predicts Better Prognosis: A Study Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) Databases. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e923087. [PMID: 32561704 PMCID: PMC7325556 DOI: 10.12659/msm.923087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-box transcription factor protein 21 (TBX21) is expressed in immune cells and some tumor cells. Defects in TBX21 gene can cause Th1/Th2 imbalance, which is closely related to tumorigenesis. The expression and clinical value of TBX21 in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) are not clear. MATERIAL AND METHODS RNA-Seq expression and clinical information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. Wilcoxon signed-rank test and logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between TBX21 expression and clinical parameters such as gender, stage, etc. The correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival of SKCM patients was estimated by Cox regression and the Kaplan-Meier method. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) were conducted to analyze the potential mechanism of TBX21 in the progression of SKCM. RESULTS Compared with normal samples, TBX21 was significantly upregulated in SKCM tissues. SKCM patients with lower TBX21 expression might have a worse prognosis than those with higher TBX21 expression according to Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Cox analysis also reached the same conclusion: TBX21 was an independent prognostic indicator. GSEA showed that the highly expressed phenotypes in TBX21 were enriched to varying degrees with various signaling pathways. PPI network showed the top 10 proteins that were closely related to TBX21. CONCLUSIONS TBX21 expression was significantly correlated with the prognosis of SKCM patients and was found to be involved in a great many immunological pathways that affect the occurrence and development of tumors.
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8
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Ferrari de Andrade L, Kumar S, Luoma AM, Ito Y, Alves da Silva PH, Pan D, Pyrdol JW, Yoon CH, Wucherpfennig KW. Inhibition of MICA and MICB Shedding Elicits NK-Cell-Mediated Immunity against Tumors Resistant to Cytotoxic T Cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 8:769-780. [PMID: 32209637 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to cytotoxic T cells is frequently mediated by loss of MHC class I expression or IFNγ signaling in tumor cells, such as mutations of B2M or JAK1 genes. Natural killer (NK) cells could potentially target such resistant tumors, but suitable NK-cell-based strategies remain to be developed. We hypothesized that such tumors could be targeted by NK cells if sufficient activating signals were provided. Human tumors frequently express the MICA and MICB ligands of the activating NKG2D receptor, but proteolytic shedding of MICA/B represents an important immune evasion mechanism in many human cancers. We showed that B2M- and JAK1-deficient metastases were targeted by NK cells following treatment with a mAb that blocks MICA/B shedding. We also demonstrated that the FDA-approved HDAC inhibitor panobinostat and a MICA/B antibody acted synergistically to enhance MICA/B surface expression on tumor cells. The HDAC inhibitor enhanced MICA/B gene expression, whereas the MICA/B antibody stabilized the synthesized protein on the cell surface. The combination of panobinostat and the MICA/B antibody reduced the number of pulmonary metastases formed by a human melanoma cell line in NOD/SCID gamma mice reconstituted with human NK cells. NK-cell-mediated immunity induced by a mAb specific for MICA/B, therefore, provides an opportunity to target tumors with mutations that render them resistant to cytotoxic T cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/chemistry
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Melanoma/immunology
- Melanoma/metabolism
- Melanoma/pathology
- Melanoma/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Ferrari de Andrade
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adrienne M Luoma
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yoshinaga Ito
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pedro Henrique Alves da Silva
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Deng Pan
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jason W Pyrdol
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles H Yoon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kai W Wucherpfennig
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Wan B, Huang Y, Liu B, Lu L, Lv C. AURKB: a promising biomarker in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7718. [PMID: 31576249 PMCID: PMC6752188 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aurora kinase B (AURKB) is an important carcinogenic factor in various tumors, while its role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) still remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate its prognostic value and mechanism of action in ccRCC. Methods Gene expression profiles and clinical data of ccRCC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. R software was utilized to analyze the expression and prognostic role of AURKB in ccRCC. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to analyze AURKB related signaling pathways in ccRCC. Results AURKB was expressed at higher levels in ccRCC tissues than normal kidney tissues. Increased AURKB expression in ccRCC correlated with high histological grade, pathological stage, T stage, N stage and distant metastasis (M stage). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis suggested that high AURKB expression patients had a worse prognosis than patients with low AURKB expression levels. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that AURKB expression is a prognostic factor of ccRCC. GSEA indicated that genes involved in autoimmune thyroid disease, intestinal immune network for IgA production, antigen processing and presentation, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, asthma, etc., were differentially enriched in the AURKB high expression phenotype. Conclusions AURKB is a promising biomarker for predicting prognosis of ccRCC patients and a potential therapeutic target. In addition, AURKB might regulate progression of ccRCC through modulating intestinal immune network for IgA production and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, etc. signaling pathways. However, more research is necessary to validate the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangbei Wan
- Urology, Haikou Municipal People's Hospital and Central South University Xiangya Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Neurology, Haikou Municipal People's Hospital and Central South University Xiangya Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Likui Lu
- Institute for Fetology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cai Lv
- Urology, Haikou Municipal People's Hospital and Central South University Xiangya Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Haikou, China
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